WO2020209755A1 - Способ получения модификатора для приготовления композиционного материала на основе термопластичного полимера - Google Patents
Способ получения модификатора для приготовления композиционного материала на основе термопластичного полимера Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020209755A1 WO2020209755A1 PCT/RU2020/000144 RU2020000144W WO2020209755A1 WO 2020209755 A1 WO2020209755 A1 WO 2020209755A1 RU 2020000144 W RU2020000144 W RU 2020000144W WO 2020209755 A1 WO2020209755 A1 WO 2020209755A1
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- dispersion
- caprolactam
- modifier
- carbon nanotubes
- thermoplastic polymer
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Definitions
- the invention relates to technologies for producing composite materials based on thermoplastic polymers containing carbon, glass, or basalt fibers (hereinafter “fibers”) and carbon nanotubes (hereinafter “CNT”).
- fibers carbon, glass, or basalt fibers
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- thermoplastic polymers To improve the physical and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polymers, various fillers and additives are used, including carbon-based additives.
- Known methods of producing a composite material from thermoplastic polymers with the addition of carbon fibers [US Application Ns 9249295, IPC: C08L 63/04, C08J5 / 06].
- composite materials based on thermoplastic polymers containing only carbon fiber have several disadvantages.
- One of the significant disadvantages of such composites is the low adhesion between carbon fibers and the polymer matrix. This reduces the value of the maximum achievable strength of the composite material based on the thermoplastic polymer, which limits the possibility of its use.
- thermoplastic polymers containing CNTs as a strengthening additive, since, due to their unique physical and mechanical properties, CNTs are considered one of the most promising fillers for improving the strength characteristics of thermoplastic polymers.
- CNTs are considered one of the most promising fillers for improving the strength characteristics of thermoplastic polymers.
- the addition of CNTs makes it possible to impart electrical conductivity to composite materials.
- thermoplastic polymer which is based on a chemical interaction of the polymer and modified carbon nanotubes, where the amount of carbon nanotubes in the composition of the composite material is 0.1-5 wt.%, and the polymer is obtained directly in the synthesis reactor from the monomer as a result of the polymerization reaction [US Patent N ° 6426134, IPC C08J3 / 20] ...
- the disadvantage of this method is a complex technology for manufacturing a composite material, due to the need to modify carbon nanotubes and carry out the polymerization reaction in a reactor, which does not allow the use of standard equipment designed to work with thermoplastic materials.
- a known method of producing a composite material including mixing granules of polyamide-6 (hereinafter PA-6) with carbon nanotubes and carbon or basalt fibers, which is produced using a twin-screw extruder, and the finished samples of the composite material are obtained using injection molding [Synergistic effects of carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of basalt and carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 hybrid composites. Jozsef Szakacs and Laszlo Meszaros. Journal of thermoplastic composite materials 2018, vol. 3].
- PA-6 polyamide-6
- One of the disadvantages of this method is the impossibility of achieving maximum hardening of the composite material, since the strength of composite materials depends on how well the CNTs are distributed in the matrix; however, CNTs have a high tendency to aggregation, which does not allow obtaining a dispersion of good quality nanotubes.
- Intensive mixing to reduce aggregation is inapplicable in this case, since it is known that the use of extruders with intensive mixing leads to damage to the carbon fiber and, as a consequence, to a decrease in the strength of the composite material.
- the proposed invention solves the problem of creating a method for producing a composite material based on a thermoplastic polymer of increased strength.
- a method is also proposed for obtaining a modifier - a produced high-quality concentrate of carbon nanotubes in a polymer, and a modifier that is used to obtain a composite material.
- the synergistic effect obtained by introducing a modifier containing CNTs and fibers into the composite material is expressed in the high strength of the final composite material, which also has electrical conductivity.
- a method for producing a high-strength composite material based on a thermoplastic polymer including mixing the polymer with fibers and CNTs.
- CNTs are introduced into the polymer as part of a modifier containing polymer and CNTs.
- the concentration of CNTs in the modifier ranges from 5 to 33 wt%.
- the concentration of fibers in the composite material is not more than 70 wt.%.
- the fibers can be carbon, basalt, or glass.
- Mixing of the polymer with fibers and a modifier containing CNTs is performed on an extruder.
- Single-walled CNTs (hereinafter "SWCNTs”) are mainly used.
- SWCNTs produced under the Tuball trademark are used.
- the main properties of SWCNT Tuball carbon content - more than 85 wt%, SWCNT - more than 75 wt%, length - more than 5 ⁇ m, outer average diameter of CNT - 1.6 ⁇ 0.5 nm, intensity ratio of G and D modes with excitation at a wavelength of 532 nm - more than 100, the content of metallic impurities - less than 15 wt%, the specific surface area - more than 500 m 2 / g.
- a modifier for obtaining a composite material based on a thermoplastic polymer containing a thermoplastic polymer and carbon nanotubes, and the content of nanotubes in the modifier is from 5 to 33 wt%.
- the carbon nanotubes contained in the modifier are predominantly single-walled; at least one thermoplastic polymer is selected from the series: polyamide or polycarbonate.
- the problem is also solved by the fact that a method for producing a modifier for preparing a high-strength composite material based on a thermoplastic polymer is proposed.
- a solution method for preparing a modifier based on a thermoplastic polymer which consists in mixing a thermoplastic polymer and metal or acid salts that reduce the hydrogen bonds of the polymer in a polar solvent.
- the polymer concentration is 3-15 wt% based on total weight and the salt / acid concentration is 3-15 wt%.
- Mixing is carried out until the polymer is completely dissolved, where CNTs are added in an amount up to 5 wt% inclusive, a coagulant is introduced into the dispersion with stirring and filtered, and the filtered precipitate is washed and dried.
- the thermoplastic polymer is polyamide.
- the polar solvent can be alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone, or dimethylacetamide.
- the solvent concentration is 70-94%. These solvents are the most effective. Among the salts, lithium chloride or calcium chloride gives the best results.
- the coagulant can be water or pure ethyl alcohol. To obtain a good dispersion of CNTs, the following can be used: a high-speed mechanical disperser, an ultrasonic disperser, a microfluidic processor, a high-speed mixer, or a three-roll mill. Filtration can be carried out on a membrane filter with a pore size of 5-100 microns. Residual water in the filtrate is removed by evacuation after grinding and heating in an oven and / or on a rotary evaporator.
- a modifier for preparing a high-strength composite material based on a thermoplastic polymer - polyamide-6 is produced by anionic polymerization.
- This method consists in the fact that CNTs are mixed with molten caprolactam, the resulting dispersion is heated and treated with an ultrasonic disperser, microfluidic processor, or high-speed mixer to improve the quality of the dispersion.
- the dispersion is heated with stirring and at a temperature of 80-120 ° C in the absence of moisture, which can be achieved by continuous blowing with dry nitrogen or any other dry inert gas.
- the concentration of CNTs in the dispersion with this method is up to 1 wt.% Inclusive.
- a catalyst is added to the dispersion, which can be alkali metals, alkali metal hydrides, their oxides or hydroxides, or their compounds with caprolactam.
- the concentration of the catalyst in the working mixture of the polymer chain is from 0.1 to 10 wt% inclusive.
- Polymerization is initiated by an increase in temperature and an activator, the concentration of which in the working mixture can control the length of the polymer chain; the concentration may range from 0.1 to 10 wt% inclusive, more preferably from 0.1 to 1 wt% inclusive.
- Isocyanates or diisocyanates or their thermally activated analogs can be used as the activator. Polymerization is usually carried out at a temperature ranging from 120 ° C to 180 ° C for a time not exceeding thirty minutes.
- a modifier for preparing a high-strength composite material based on a thermoplastic polymer, PA-6 is produced by a hydrolytic polymerization method.
- the catalyst for the polymerization of caprolactam is water, which requires a much higher temperature and, accordingly, high pressure.
- caprolactam is mixed with CNTs.
- the concentration of CNTs in the dispersion with this method is up to 1 wt.% Inclusive.
- the resulting dispersion is heated to a temperature from 100 to 120 ° C and treated with ultrasound. Heating the dispersion and processing it with ultrasound is carried out with continuous blowing with dry nitrogen and stirring.
- the dispersion is filtered to form a concentrate and a caprolactam polymerization catalyst, which is water, is added to it.
- Water is added in an amount from 1 to 10 wt% inclusive.
- An ultrasonic disperser or microfluidic processor or high speed mixer can be used to prepare the dispersion.
- the dispersion is filtered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 2 to 100 ⁇ m.
- a vacuum pump and a Bunsen flask are used to accelerate filtration. Filtration is carried out in an electric oven at a temperature of at least 100 ° C.
- Polymerization of caprolactam is carried out at a temperature of 260 ° C.
- Drying of the concentrate is carried out in a vacuum cabinet at a temperature of 60 ° C.
- a modifier for preparing a high-strength composite material based on a PA-6 thermoplastic polymer is produced by a hydrolytic polymerization method.
- crushed caprolactam is mixed with CNTs in an amount up to 10% inclusive, until a homogeneous mixture is obtained and heated until the caprolactam is completely melted in an oxygen-free atmosphere.
- the hot mixture is processed on a three-roll mill with pre-heated rolls until the required dispersion quality is achieved. After cooling and grinding in a mill, up to 10 mass% of water is added to the powder, continuously stirring to ensure uniform wetting.
- the material is polymerized in a closed sealed container at a temperature of about 260 ° C for a period of 10 to 20 hours inclusive.
- the resulting material is dried.
- thermopolymer polymer which is obtained by any of the described methods and contains a thermoplastic polymer and carbon nanotubes in the amount of the latter 5-33 wt.%.
- At least one thermoplastic polymer for the modifier is selected from the range: polyamide or polycarbonate.
- thermoplastic polymer including mixing the said polymer with fibers and carbon nanotubes, while the thermoplastic polymer is mixed with nanotubes that are part of the modifier, which contains a thermoplastic polymer and carbon nanotubes in the amount of the latter 5-33 wt.%.
- the resulting mixture is poured into a filter funnel (filter pore size 20 microns) and filtered with additional washing until NMP and LiCl are completely removed from the solution.
- the resulting material is dried in an oven at a temperature of 80 ° C to a humidity of 50%. Then the material is dried in a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 110 ° C and a pressure of 100 mbar to avoid oxidation of the material in air. Then it is crushed into powder using a grinder (mill), then final drying is carried out in a vacuum oven to completely remove moisture from the material. Drying temperature 120 ° C for 10 hours.
- a concentrate of SWCNTs in polyamide is obtained with a SWCNT concentration of 10 wt% and a PA concentration of 90 wt%, which is then used as a modifier.
- the modifier is in powder form.
- the composite material is melted in an extruder, followed by the production of granules for further use on thermoplastic machines.
- the prepared polymer composition has the following composition: polymer PA-6 - 89.5%, SWCNT - 0.5%, carbon fibers - 10%.
- the tensile strength of the samples was 140 MPa.
- the electrical resistance of the samples was 100 Ohm * cm.
- the prepared polymer composition has the following composition: PE polymer - 92.5%, SWCNT - 0.25%, PA - 2.25%, glass fiber - 5%.
- the tensile strength of the samples was 50 MPa.
- the electrical resistance of the samples was 10 7 Ohm * cm.
- 15 g of the obtained modifier based on PA is mixed with 35 g of basalt fibers and 150 g of polypropylene (PP) polymer in a twin-screw extruder. Get granules of composite material. Then, standard samples are prepared by injection molding.
- PP polypropylene
- the prepared polymer composition has the following composition: PP polymer - 75%, SWCNT - 0.75%, PA - 6.75%, basalt fibers - 17.5%.
- the tensile strength of the samples was 73 MPa.
- the electrical resistance of the samples was 10 6 Ohm * cm.
- PC polycarbonate
- a composite material with SWCNTs in polycarbonate is obtained with a SWCNT concentration of 16.7 wt% and a PC concentration of 83.3 wt%, which is then used as a modifier.
- the modifier is in powder form.
- the composite material is melted in an extruder, followed by the production of granules for further use on thermoplastic machines.
- 20 g of the resulting modifier is mixed with 20 g of carbon fibers and 160 g of PC polymer on a twin-screw extruder. Get granules of composite material. Then, standard samples are prepared by injection molding.
- the prepared polymer composition has the following composition: PC polymer - 88.33%, SWCNT - 1.67%, carbon fibers - 10%.
- the tensile strength of the samples was 64 MPa.
- a concentrate of SWCNTs in polyamide is obtained with a SWCNT concentration of 10 wt% and a PA-6 concentration of 90 wt%, which is then used as a modifier.
- the modifier is in powder form.
- the resulting powder is stored in a sealed container under nitrogen atmosphere. If necessary, the composite material is melted in an extruder, followed by obtaining granules for further use on thermoplastic machines.
- the prepared polymer composition has the following composition: PA-6 polymer - 99.7%, SWCNT - 0.3%.
- the polymer composition is in the form of granules, from which standard samples are prepared using injection molding.
- Measurement of the flexural strength shows that the modulus of elasticity increased to 4.5 GPa and the strength was 164 MPa, which is higher than the values for the pure polymer PA-6, for which the corresponding values are 2.8 GPa and 150 MPa.
- the values obtained are shown in Table 1. • 10 g of the resulting modifier is mixed with 290 g of PA-6 polymer and 33.3 g of short carbon fiber using a twin-screw extruder.
- the prepared polymer composition has the following composition: polymer PA-6 - 89.7%, UV - 10% and CNT - 0.3%. Then, standard samples are prepared by injection molding. Measurement of the flexural strength shows that the modulus of elasticity increased to 9.5 GPa and the strength was 201 MPa, which is higher than the values for pure PA-6 polymer.
- the specific electrical resistance of the material was 0.1 Ohm * cm.
- filtration is carried out in an electric oven with a temperature of at least 100 ° C.
- the mass of caprolactam passed through the filter is 97 g.
- the mass of the concentrate remaining on the filter is 3 g, the concentration of nanotubes in the concentrate is 33.3%.
- the concentrate is added 0.3 g of water as a catalyst.
- Polymerization of caprolactam is carried out at a temperature of 260 ° C for 6 hours, followed by drying it in a vacuum cabinet at a temperature of 60 ° C.
- a SWCNT concentrate in polyamide is obtained with a carbon nanotube concentration of 33 wt% and a PA-6 concentration of 67 wt%, which is then used as a modifier.
- the modifier is in powder form.
- the prepared polymer composition has the following composition: polymer PA-6 - 80%, CNT - 10%, HC - 10%
- the tensile strength of the samples was 160 MPa. This was 1.6 times higher than the tensile strength for PA-6 samples with 10% HC, but without nanotubes.
- the specific electrical resistance of the material was 1 Ohm * cm.
- a concentrate of SWCNTs in polyamide is obtained with a SWCNT concentration of 10 wt% and a PA-6 concentration of 90 wt%, which is then used as a modifier.
- the modifier is in powder form.
- composition of the composite obtained material SWCNT - 0.5%, carbon fibers - 10%, PA-6 - 89.5%.
- the tensile strength of the samples was 162 MPa.
- the invention can be used in various industries where increased strength of parts made of composite material is required at their low weight, for example, aerospace, aviation, automobile, as well as in mechanical engineering, medicine, in the manufacture of sports products, and in those applications where the composite material has electrical conductivity requirements
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (5)
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CN202080026591.3A CN113677743A (zh) | 2019-04-12 | 2020-03-17 | 以热塑性聚合物为基体的复合材料的改性剂的生产方法 |
EP20788647.4A EP3954726A4 (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2020-03-17 | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A MODIFIER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A COMPOSITE MATERIAL BASED ON A THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER |
KR1020217036734A KR20210153088A (ko) | 2019-04-12 | 2020-03-17 | 열가소성 중합체를 기반으로 하는 복합 재료를 제조하기 위한 개질제의 제조 방법 |
JP2021560042A JP7320072B2 (ja) | 2019-04-12 | 2020-03-17 | 熱可塑性ポリマーを使用した複合材料を製造するための改質剤を取得する方法 |
US17/425,433 US20220098392A1 (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2020-03-17 | Method for producing a modifier for preparing a composite material based on a thermoplastic polymer |
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KR20210153088A (ko) | 2021-12-16 |
EP3954726A4 (en) | 2023-04-26 |
EP3954726A1 (en) | 2022-02-16 |
JP2022528262A (ja) | 2022-06-09 |
US20220098392A1 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
JP7320072B2 (ja) | 2023-08-02 |
CN113677743A (zh) | 2021-11-19 |
RU2708583C1 (ru) | 2019-12-09 |
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