WO2020208965A1 - 電極製造方法及び蓄電デバイスの製造方法 - Google Patents
電極製造方法及び蓄電デバイスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020208965A1 WO2020208965A1 PCT/JP2020/007736 JP2020007736W WO2020208965A1 WO 2020208965 A1 WO2020208965 A1 WO 2020208965A1 JP 2020007736 W JP2020007736 W JP 2020007736W WO 2020208965 A1 WO2020208965 A1 WO 2020208965A1
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- electrode
- solvent
- active material
- manufacturing
- alkali metal
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/0459—Electrochemical doping, intercalation, occlusion or alloying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0048—Molten electrolytes used at high temperature
- H01M2300/0051—Carbonates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to an electrode manufacturing method and a power storage device manufacturing method.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries typified by lithium ion secondary batteries
- a lithium ion capacitor is known as a power storage device corresponding to an application requiring high energy density characteristics and high output characteristics.
- sodium ion type batteries and capacitors using sodium which is cheaper than lithium and is abundant in resources, are also known.
- pre-doping a process of pre-doping an alkali metal on an electrode
- a method of pre-doping the electrode with an alkali metal for example, there are a single-wafer method and a continuous method.
- predoping is performed outside the power storage device (hereinafter referred to as “outside the system”).
- pre-doping is performed in a state where the cut electrode plate and the alkali metal plate are arranged in the doping solution via a separator.
- pre-doping is performed while transferring the strip-shaped electrode plate in the doping solution.
- the single-wafer method is disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2.
- the continuous method is disclosed in Patent Documents 3 to 6.
- an electrode manufacturing method and a storage device manufacturing method capable of improving the float characteristics of the power storage device, suppressing gas generation from the electrodes, and increasing the charging efficiency. ..
- One aspect of the present disclosure is an electrode manufacturing method for manufacturing an electrode containing an active material doped with an alkali metal, which is formed on a current collector and an active material layer formed on the surface of the current collector and containing the active material.
- the electrode precursor comprising the above is immersed in a pretreatment solution containing an alkali metal ion, a solvent, and an additive capable of suppressing the reductive decomposition of the solvent, and the electrode precursor is immersed in the pretreatment solution.
- This is an electrode manufacturing method in which an alkali metal is doped into the active material using a doping solution containing alkali metal ions.
- a power storage device including an electrode manufactured by the electrode manufacturing method, which is one aspect of the present disclosure is excellent in float characteristics. Further, the electrode manufactured by the electrode manufacturing method, which is one aspect of the present disclosure, is less likely to generate gas and has high charging efficiency.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure is a method of manufacturing a power storage device including an electrode cell, which includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector and containing a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode precursor is immersed in a pretreatment solution containing an alkali metal ion, a solvent, and an additive capable of suppressing the reductive decomposition of the solvent, the negative electrode precursor is immersed in the pretreatment solution, and then the alkali metal ion.
- a power storage device that manufactures a negative electrode by doping the negative electrode active material with an alkali metal using a doping solution containing the above, and sequentially stacks the negative electrode, a separator, and an electrode different from the negative electrode to form the electrode cell. It is a manufacturing method of.
- the power storage device manufactured by the method of manufacturing the power storage device which is another aspect of the present disclosure, is excellent in float characteristics. Further, in the power storage device manufactured by the method for manufacturing the power storage device, which is another aspect of the present disclosure, gas is less likely to be generated from the electrodes, and the charging efficiency is high.
- Electrode manufacturing equipment 7, 203, 205, 207 ... Electrolyte tank, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 305, 307, 109, 311, 313, 315, 317, 119, 321, 323, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45 ... Transfer roller, 47 ... Supply roll, 49 ... Winding roll, 51, 52, 54 ... Counter electrode unit, 53 ... Porous insulating member, 55 ... Support stand, 57 ... Circulation filtration unit, 61, 62, 64 ... DC power supply, 63 ... Blower, 66 ... Power supply control unit, 67, 68, 70 ... Support rod, 69 ... Partition plate, 71 ... space, 73 ...
- electrode precursor 75 ... electrode, 77 ... conductive substrate, 79 ... alkali metal-containing plate, 81 ... filter, 83 ... pump, 85 ... piping, 87, 89, 91, 94, 97, 99 ... cable, 93 ... current collector, 95 ... active material layer, 101 ... CPU, 103 ... cleaning tank, 105 ... memory
- the electrode manufacturing apparatus 1 includes an electrolytic solution tank 203, 205, 7, 207, a cleaning tank 103, and transfer rollers 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 305, 307, 109, 311, 313, 315, 317, 119, 321, 323, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45 (Hereafter, these are collectively referred to as a transport roller group.
- supply roll 47 take-up roll 49
- counter electrode units 51, 52, 54 porous insulating member 53
- support base 55 circulation filtration unit 57
- DC power supplies 61 62, 64, a blower 63, and a power supply control unit 66.
- the electrolytic solution tank 205 is a square tank with an open upper part.
- the bottom surface of the electrolyte tank 205 has a substantially U-shaped cross section.
- a partition plate 69, four counter electrode units 51, four porous insulating members 53, and a transfer roller 27 are present in the electrolytic solution tank 205.
- the four porous insulating members 53 include 53a, 53b, 53c, and 53d.
- the partition plate 69 is supported by a support rod 67 penetrating the upper end thereof.
- the support rod 67 is fixed to a wall or the like (not shown).
- the portion of the partition plate 69 excluding the upper end is in the electrolytic solution tank 205.
- the partition plate 69 extends in the vertical direction and divides the inside of the electrolytic solution tank 205 into two spaces.
- a transport roller 27 is attached to the lower end of the partition plate 69.
- the partition plate 69 and the transport roller 27 are supported by a support rod 68 penetrating them.
- the vicinity of the lower end of the partition plate 69 is cut out so as not to come into contact with the transport roller 27.
- Each of the four counter electrode units 51 is supported by a support rod 70 penetrating the upper end thereof and extends in the vertical direction.
- the support rod 70 is fixed to a wall or the like (not shown).
- the portion of the counter electrode unit 51 other than the upper end is in the electrolytic solution tank 205.
- two are arranged so as to sandwich the partition plate 69 from both sides.
- the remaining two counter electrode units 51 are arranged along the inner surface of the electrolytic solution tank 205.
- the counter electrode unit 51 As shown in FIG. 1, there is a space 71 between the counter electrode unit 51 arranged on the partition plate 69 side and the counter electrode unit 51 arranged along the inner side surface of the electrolytic solution tank 205.
- the counter electrode unit 51 is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply 61. The detailed configuration of the counter electrode unit 51 will be described later.
- a porous insulating member 53 is attached to the surface of each counter electrode unit 51 on the space 71 side.
- the detailed configuration of the porous insulating member 53 will be described later.
- the doping solution tank 205 contains the doping solution. The dope solution will be described later.
- the electrolytic solution tank 203 basically has the same configuration as the electrolytic solution tank 205. However, the electrolytic solution tank 203 does not include the counter electrode unit 51 and the porous insulating member 53. Further, the electrolytic solution tank 203 includes a transfer roller 17 instead of the transfer roller 27. The transfer roller 17 is the same as the transfer roller 27.
- the pretreatment solution is housed in the electrolytic solution tank 203. The pretreatment solution will be described later.
- the electrolytic solution tank 7 basically has the same configuration as the electrolytic solution tank 205. However, the electrolytic solution tank 7 includes four counter electrode units 54 and a transfer roller 109 instead of the four counter electrode units 51 and the transfer roller 27. The four counter electrode units 54 are similar to the four counter electrode units 51. The transfer roller 109 is the same as the transfer roller 27. The counter electrode unit 54 is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply 62. The dope solution is housed in the electrolytic solution tank 7.
- the electrolytic solution tank 207 has the same configuration as the electrolytic solution tank 205. However, the electrolytic solution tank 207 includes four counter electrode units 52 and a transfer roller 119 instead of the four counter electrode units 51 and the transfer roller 27. The four counter electrode units 52 are similar to the four counter electrode units 51. The transfer roller 119 is the same as the transfer roller 27. The counter electrode unit 52 is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply 64. The doping solution is housed in the electrolytic solution tank 207.
- the cleaning tank 103 basically has the same configuration as the electrolytic solution tank 205. However, the cleaning tank 103 does not include the counter electrode unit 51 and the porous insulating member 53. Further, the cleaning tank 103 includes a transport roller 37 instead of the transport roller 27. The transfer roller 37 is the same as the transfer roller 27. The cleaning liquid is stored in the cleaning tank 103.
- the transport rollers 25, 29, 307, 311 and 317, 321 are made of a conductive material. Of the transport roller group, the other transport rollers are made of elastomer except for the bearing portion.
- the transport roller group transports the electrode precursor 73, which will be described later, along a fixed path.
- the routes for the transfer roller group to transfer the electrode precursor 73 are from the supply roll 47 to the electrolytic solution tank 203, the electrolytic solution tank 205, the electrolytic solution tank 7, the electrolytic solution tank 207, and the cleaning tank. It is a route that sequentially passes through 103 and reaches the take-up roll 49.
- the portion of the path that passes through the electrolytic solution tank 203 first moves downward between the inner surface of the electrolytic solution tank 203 and the partition plate 69, and then moves upward by the transfer roller 17. Finally, the route is to move upward between the inner surface of the electrolytic solution tank 203 and the partition plate 69 facing the inner surface of the electrolytic solution tank 203.
- the portion passing through the electrolytic solution tank 205 is first, the porous insulating member 53 attached along the inner side surface of the electrolytic solution tank 205 and the porous portion on the partition plate 69 side facing the porous insulating member 53.
- the space 71 between the quality insulating member 53 is moved downward, then the moving direction is changed upward by the transport roller 27, and finally, the porous insulation attached along the inner surface of the electrolytic solution tank 205.
- the route is to move upward in the space 71 between the member 53 and the porous insulating member 53 on the partition plate 69 side facing the member 53.
- the portion passing through the electrolytic solution tank 7 is first, the porous insulating member 53 attached along the inner side surface of the electrolytic solution tank 7 and the porous portion on the partition plate 69 side facing the porous insulating member 53.
- the space 71 between the quality insulating member 53 is moved downward, then the moving direction is changed upward by the transport roller 109, and finally, the porous insulation attached along the inner surface of the electrolytic solution tank 7.
- the route is to move upward in the space 71 between the member 53 and the porous insulating member 53 on the partition plate 69 side facing the member 53.
- the portion passing through the electrolytic solution tank 207 is first a porous insulating member 53 attached along the inner side surface of the electrolytic solution tank 207 and a porous portion on the partition plate 69 side facing the porous insulating member 53.
- the space 71 between the quality insulating member 53 is moved downward, then the moving direction is changed upward by the transport roller 119, and finally, the porous insulation attached along the inner surface of the electrolytic solution tank 207.
- the route is to move upward in the space 71 between the member 53 and the porous insulating member 53 on the partition plate 69 side facing the member 53.
- the portion passing through the cleaning tank 103 first moves downward between the inner surface of the cleaning tank 103 and the partition plate 69, and then moves in the moving direction by the transport roller 37.
- the route is changed upward and finally moves upward between the inner surface of the cleaning tank 103 and the partition plate 69.
- the supply roll 47 has an electrode precursor 73 wound around its outer circumference. That is, the supply roll 47 holds the electrode precursor 73 in a wound state.
- the transport roller group pulls out the electrode precursor 73 held by the supply roll 47 and transports the electrode precursor 73.
- the take-up roll 49 winds up and stores the electrode 75 conveyed by the transfer roller group.
- the electrode 75 is manufactured by pre-doping the electrode precursor 73 with an alkali metal in the electrolytic solution tanks 205, 7, and 207.
- the counter electrode units 51, 52, 54 have a plate-like shape. As shown in FIG. 4, the counter electrode units 51, 52, and 54 have a structure in which the conductive base material 77 and the alkali metal-containing plate 79 are laminated. Examples of the material of the conductive base material 77 include copper, stainless steel, nickel and the like.
- the form of the alkali metal-containing plate 79 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkali metal plate and an alkali metal alloy plate.
- the thickness of the alkali metal-containing plate 79 can be, for example, 0.03 to 3 mm.
- the porous insulating member 53 has a plate-like shape. As shown in FIG. 4, the porous insulating member 53 is laminated on the alkali metal-containing plate 79 and attached to the surfaces of the counter electrode units 51, 52, and 54.
- the plate-like shape of the porous insulating member 53 is a shape when the porous insulating member 53 is attached to the surfaces of the counter electrode units 51, 52, and 54.
- the porous insulating member 53 may be a member that maintains a constant shape by itself, or may be a member that can be easily deformed, such as a net or the like.
- the shortest distance d from the surface of the porous insulating member 53 to the electrode precursor 73 is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 100 mm, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 10 mm.
- the shortest distance d is the distance between the surface of the porous insulating member 53, which is closest to the electrode precursor 73, and the electrode precursor 73.
- the porous insulating member 53 is porous. Therefore, the doping solution described later can pass through the porous insulating member 53. Thereby, the counter electrode units 51, 52, 54 can come into contact with the doped solution.
- Examples of the porous insulating member 53 include a resin mesh and the like.
- Examples of the resin include polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyetheretherketone, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like.
- the mesh opening can be appropriately set, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 mm, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm.
- the thickness of the mesh can be appropriately set and can be, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 10 mm, but is preferably in the range of 30 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
- the mesh opening ratio can be appropriately set and can be, for example, 5 to 98%, preferably 5 to 95%, and more preferably 50 to 95%.
- the porous insulating member 53 may be entirely made of an insulating material, or may be partially provided with an insulating layer.
- the support base 55 supports the electrolytic solution tanks 203, 205, 7, 207 and the cleaning tank 103 from below.
- the height of the support base 55 can be changed.
- the support base 55 that supports the electrolytic solution tank 205 is lowered while maintaining the positions of the partition plate 69, the counter electrode unit 51, and the porous insulating member 53 in the vertical direction, the partition plate 69 and the counter electrode are as shown in FIG.
- the electrolytic solution tank 205 can be moved relatively downward with respect to the unit 51 and the porous insulating member 53.
- the support base 55 is raised, the electrolytic solution tank 205 can be moved relatively upward with respect to the partition plate 69, the counter electrode unit 51, and the porous insulating member 53.
- the support base 55 that supports the electrolytic solution tanks 203, 7, 207 and the cleaning tank 103 also has the same function.
- the circulation filtration unit 57 is provided in the electrolytic solution tanks 203, 205, 7, and 207, respectively.
- the circulation filtration unit 57 includes a filter 81, a pump 83, and a pipe 85.
- the pipe 85 is a circulation pipe that exits the electrolytic solution tank 203, passes through the pump 83 and the filter 81 in sequence, and returns to the electrolytic solution tank 203.
- the pretreatment solution in the electrolytic solution tank 203 circulates in the pipe 85 and the filter 81 by the driving force of the pump 83, and returns to the electrolytic solution tank 203 again.
- foreign substances and the like in the pretreatment solution are filtered by the filter 81.
- the foreign matter include foreign matter precipitated from the pretreatment solution, foreign matter generated from the electrode precursor 73, and the like.
- the material of the filter 81 can be, for example, a resin such as polypropylene or polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the pore size of the filter 81 can be appropriately set, and can be, for example, 30 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the circulation filtration unit 57 provided in the electrolytic solution tanks 205, 7, and 207 also has the same configuration and exhibits the same function and effect. However, the circulation filtration unit 57 provided in the electrolytic solution tanks 205, 7, and 207 filters the doped solution. In addition, in FIGS. 1 and 2, the description of the doping solution and the pretreatment solution is omitted for convenience.
- the negative terminal of the DC power supply 61 is connected to the transport rollers 25 and 29 via the cable 87, respectively. Further, the positive terminal of the DC power supply 61 is connected to a total of four counter electrode units 51 via the cable 89, respectively.
- the electrode precursor 73 comes into contact with the conductive transfer rollers 25 and 29.
- the electrode precursor 73 and the counter electrode unit 51 are in a doping solution which is an electrolytic solution. Therefore, the electrode precursor 73 and the counter electrode unit 51 are electrically connected.
- the DC power supply 61 passes a current through the counter electrode unit 51 via the cables 87 and 89 and the transfer rollers 25 and 29.
- the negative terminal of the DC power supply 62 is connected to the transport rollers 307 and 311 via the cable 91, respectively. Further, the positive terminal of the DC power supply 62 is connected to a total of four counter electrode units 54 via the cable 94, respectively.
- the electrode precursor 73 comes into contact with the conductive transfer rollers 307 and 311.
- the electrode precursor 73 and the counter electrode unit 54 are in a doping solution which is an electrolytic solution. Therefore, the electrode precursor 73 and the counter electrode unit 54 are electrically connected.
- the DC power supply 62 passes a current through the counter electrode unit 54 via the cables 91 and 93 and the transfer rollers 307 and 311.
- the negative terminal in the DC power supply 64 is connected to the transport rollers 317 and 321 via the cable 97, respectively. Further, the positive terminal of the DC power supply 64 is connected to a total of four counter electrode units 52 via the cable 99, respectively.
- the electrode precursor 73 comes into contact with the conductive transfer rollers 317 and 321.
- the electrode precursor 73 and the counter electrode unit 52 are in a doping solution which is an electrolytic solution. Therefore, the electrode precursor 73 and the counter electrode unit 52 are electrically connected.
- the DC power supply 64 passes a current through the counter electrode unit 52 via the cables 97 and 99 and the transfer rollers 317 and 321.
- the blower 63 blows gas onto the electrode 75 coming out of the cleaning tank 103 to vaporize the cleaning liquid and dry the electrode 75.
- the gas used is preferably a gas that is inert to the active material pre-doped with the alkali metal. Examples of such a gas include helium gas, neon gas, argon gas, dehumidified air from which water has been removed, and the like.
- the power supply control unit 66 is electrically connected to the DC power supplies 61, 62, 64.
- the power supply control unit 66 is a microcomputer having a CPU 101 and, for example, a semiconductor memory such as a RAM or a ROM (hereinafter referred to as a memory 105).
- Electrode Precursor 73 The configuration of the electrode precursor 73 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. As shown in FIG. 5, the electrode precursor 73 has a band-like shape. As shown in FIG. 6, the electrode precursor 73 includes a band-shaped current collector 93 and active material layers 95 formed on both sides thereof.
- the current collector 93 for example, a metal foil such as copper, nickel, or stainless steel is preferable. Further, the current collector 93 may have a conductive layer containing a carbon material as a main component formed on the metal foil. The thickness of the current collector 93 can be, for example, 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the active material layer 95 can be prepared, for example, by preparing a slurry containing an active material and a binder before doping with an alkali metal, applying this slurry on the current collector 93, and drying the slurry.
- binder examples include rubber-based binders such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and NBR; fluorine-based resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride; polypropylene, polyethylene, disclosed in JP-A-2009-246137. Examples thereof include fluorine-modified (meth) acrylic binders as described above.
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- NBR fluorine-based resins
- polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride polypropylene, polyethylene, disclosed in JP-A-2009-246137.
- fluorine-modified (meth) acrylic binders as described above.
- the slurry may contain other components in addition to the active material and the binder.
- Other components include, for example, conductive agents such as carbon black, graphite, vapor-grown carbon fiber, metal powder; carboxylmethylcellulose, its Na salt or ammonium salt, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
- Thickeners such as oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, and casein can be mentioned.
- the thickness of the active material layer 95 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 5 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the active material contained in the active material layer 95 is not particularly limited as long as it is an electrode active material applicable to a battery or a capacitor that utilizes insertion / desorption of alkali metal ions, and may be a negative electrode active material. It may be a positive electrode active material or it may be a positive electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited, but is, for example, a carbon material such as graphite, easily graphitized carbon, non-graphitized carbon, or a composite carbon material in which graphite particles are coated with a pitch or a carbide of a resin; lithium and an alloy.
- a carbon material such as graphite, easily graphitized carbon, non-graphitized carbon, or a composite carbon material in which graphite particles are coated with a pitch or a carbide of a resin; lithium and an alloy.
- Examples thereof include metals or semi-metals such as Si and Sn that can be formed, or materials containing oxides thereof.
- Specific examples of the carbon material include the carbon material described in JP2013-258392.
- Specific examples of the metal or semimetal capable of alloying with lithium or the material containing an oxide thereof include the materials described in JP-A-2005-123175 and JP-A-2006-107795.
- positive electrode active material examples include transition metal oxides such as cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, manganese oxide, and vanadium oxide; sulfur-based active materials such as sulfur alone and metal sulfide.
- Both the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material may be composed of a single substance or may be composed of a mixture of two or more kinds of substances.
- the electrode manufacturing apparatus 1 of the present disclosure is suitable for pre-doping an alkali metal to the negative electrode active material, and it is particularly preferable that the negative electrode active material is a carbon material or a material containing Si or an oxide thereof.
- the alkali metal to be pre-doped into the active material lithium or sodium is preferable, and lithium is particularly preferable.
- the density of the active material layer 95 is preferably 1.50 to 2.00 g / cc, and particularly preferably 1.60 to 1. It is 90 g / cc.
- a solution containing alkali metal ions (hereinafter referred to as a doping solution) is contained in the electrolytic solution tanks 205, 7, and 207.
- the doping solution contains alkali metal ions and a solvent.
- the solvent include organic solvents.
- an aprotic organic solvent is preferable.
- the aprotonic organic solvent include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, 1-fluoroethylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, and chloride.
- Examples thereof include methylene, sulfolane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglime), diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (triglyme), triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (tetraglyme) and the like.
- an ionic liquid such as a quaternary imidazolium salt, a quaternary pyridinium salt, a quaternary pyrrolidinium salt, or a quaternary piperidinium salt can also be used.
- the organic solvent may be composed of a single component, or may be a mixed solvent of two or more kinds of components.
- the organic solvent may be composed of a single component, or may be a mixed solvent of two or more kinds of components.
- the alkali metal ion contained in the dope solution is an ion constituting an alkali metal salt.
- the alkali metal salt is preferably a lithium salt or a sodium salt.
- the anion portion constituting the alkali metal salts for example, PF 6 -, PF 3 ( C 2 F 5) 3 -, PF 3 (CF 3) 3 - phosphate anion having a fluoro group such as; BF 4 -, BF 2 (CF) 2 -, BF 3 (CF 3) -, B (CN) 4 - boron anion having a fluoro group or a cyano group such as; N (FSO 2) 2 - , N (CF 3 SO 2) 2 - , N (C 2 F 5 SO 2) 2 - sulfonyl imide anion having a fluoro group such as; CF 3 SO 3 - is an organic sulfonate anion having a fluoro group and the like.
- the concentration of the alkali metal salt in the above-mentioned dope solution is preferably 0.1 mol / L or more, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mol / L. Within this range, alkali metal predoping proceeds efficiently.
- the above-mentioned doping solution can further contain a flame retardant such as a phosphazene compound.
- the amount of the flame retardant added is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 3 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the doping solution from the viewpoint of effectively controlling the thermal runaway reaction when doping the alkali metal. More preferably, it is more preferably 5 parts by mass or more.
- the amount of the flame retardant added is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 15 parts by mass or less, and 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the doping solution from the viewpoint of obtaining a high-quality doped electrode. More preferably, it is less than or equal to a portion.
- the doping solution further contains an additive (hereinafter referred to as a specific additive) capable of suppressing the reductive decomposition of the solvent.
- a specific additive for example, cyclic carbonate compounds such as vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate and vinylethylene carbonate, cyclic sulfonic acid ester compounds such as 1,3-propanesulton, 1,4-butanesulton and 1,3-propensulton.
- nitrile compounds such as succinonitrile and adiponitrile
- phosphoric acid ester compounds such as phosphoric acid (tristrimethylsilyl).
- lithium difluorophosphate lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, lithium borofluoride, lithium bisoxalate borate, LiPF 2 C 4 O 8 Lithium salts such as.
- the concentration of the specific additive in the dope solution is preferably 1.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.1% by mass or less.
- the concentration of the specific additive in the doping solution is preferably 0% by mass or more.
- the pretreatment solution contains alkali metal ions, a solvent, and a specific additive.
- alkali metal ion and the solvent the same one as the doping solution can be used.
- the solvent one or more selected from the group consisting of a carbonate solvent, an ester solvent, an ether solvent, a hydrocarbon solvent, a nitrile solvent, a sulfur-containing solvent, and an amide solvent is preferable.
- the solvent is of these, the float characteristics, cycle characteristics, initial characteristics regarding charge / discharge efficiency and resistance of the power storage device, and charge / discharge characteristics at low temperature are further improved.
- a carbonate solvent is particularly preferable.
- the carbonate solvent include cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates.
- the cyclic carbonate include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, 1-fluoroethylene carbonate and the like.
- the chain carbonate include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and the like.
- the carbonate-based solvent may consist of only one kind of carbonate-based solvent, or may be a mixed solvent of two or more kinds of carbonate-based solvents.
- the mixed solvent of two or more kinds of carbonate-based solvents is preferably a mixed solvent of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate.
- the solvent is a mixed solvent of cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate, the float characteristics, cycle characteristics, charge / discharge efficiency and resistance initial characteristics of the power storage device, and the charge / discharge characteristics at low temperature may be further improved. ..
- a specific additive there is a first specific additive.
- a cyclic carbonate compound such as vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, or a cyclic sulfone such as 1,3-propanesulton, 1,4-butanesulton, or 1,3-propensulton.
- examples thereof include one or more selected from the group consisting of acid ester compounds, nitrile compounds such as succinonitrile and adiponitrile, and phosphoric acid ester compounds such as phosphoric acid (tristrimethylsilyl).
- the second specific additive there is a second specific additive.
- the second specific additive for example, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, lithium borofluoride, lithium bisoxalate borate, LiPF 2 C 4 O 8 and the like. Lithium salt can be mentioned.
- the specific additive is one of these, the float characteristics, cycle characteristics, initial characteristics regarding charge / discharge efficiency and resistance of the power storage device, and charge / discharge characteristics at low temperature are further improved.
- the specific additive is preferably a mixture containing the first specific additive and the second specific additive.
- the specific additive is a mixture containing the first specific additive and the second specific additive, the float characteristics, cycle characteristics, charge / discharge efficiency and resistance initial characteristics of the power storage device, and low temperature. The charge / discharge characteristics may be further improved.
- the concentration of the specific additive in the pretreatment solution is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and further preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the concentration of the specific additive in the pretreatment liquid is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.003% by mass or more, and further preferably 0.005% by mass or more.
- Electrode Manufacturing Device 1 First, as a preparation for manufacturing the electrode 75, the following is performed.
- the electrode precursor 73 is wound around the supply roll 47.
- the transfer roller group pulls out the electrode precursor 73 from the supply roll 47 and passes the paper to the take-up roll 49 along the above-mentioned path.
- the electrolytic solution tanks 203, 205, 7, 207, and the cleaning tank 103 are raised and set in the fixed positions shown in FIG.
- the pretreatment solution is housed in the electrolytic solution tank 203.
- the pretreatment solution is as described in "4. Composition of pretreatment solution" above.
- the doping solution is housed in the electrolytic solution tanks 205, 7, and 207.
- the dope solution is as described in "3.
- the cleaning liquid is stored in the cleaning tank 103.
- the cleaning solution is an organic solvent.
- the space 71 of the electrolytic solution tank 203 is filled with the pretreatment solution.
- the space 71 of the electrolytic solution tanks 205, 7, and 207 is filled with the doping solution.
- the space 71 of the cleaning tank 103 is filled with the cleaning liquid.
- the transfer roller group pulls out the electrode precursor 73, which has been passed from the supply roll 47 to the take-up roll 49, from the supply roll 47 toward the take-up roll 49, and conveys the electrode precursor 73 along the above-mentioned path.
- the electrode precursor 73 passes through the electrolytic solution tank 203, the electrode precursor 73 is immersed in the pretreatment solution. Further, when the electrode precursor 73 passes through the electrolytic solution tanks 205, 7, and 207, the active material contained in the active material layer 95 is pre-doped with an alkali metal.
- the electrode precursor 73 becomes the electrode 75.
- the electrode 75 is washed in the washing tank 103 while being carried by the transport roller group. Finally, the electrode 75 is wound on the take-up roll 49.
- the electrode 75 manufactured by using the electrode manufacturing apparatus 1 may be a positive electrode or a negative electrode.
- the electrode manufacturing apparatus 1 is doped with an alkali metal in the positive electrode active material, and when manufacturing a negative electrode, the electrode manufacturing apparatus 1 is doping the negative electrode active material with an alkali metal.
- the amount of alkali metal doped is preferably 70 to 95% of the theoretical capacity of the negative electrode active material when lithium is stored in the negative electrode active material of the lithium ion capacitor, and lithium is used as the negative electrode active material of the lithium ion secondary battery. Is preferably 10 to 30% with respect to the theoretical capacity of the negative electrode active material.
- the power storage device includes an electrode cell.
- Examples of the power storage device include a capacitor and a battery.
- the capacitor is not particularly limited as long as it is a capacitor that utilizes insertion / desorption of alkali metal ions, and examples thereof include a lithium ion capacitor and a sodium ion capacitor. Among them, a lithium ion capacitor is preferable.
- the basic configuration of the positive electrode that constitutes the capacitor can be a general configuration. It is preferable to use activated carbon as the positive electrode active material.
- the form of the electrolyte that constitutes the capacitor is usually a liquid electrolyte.
- the basic composition of the electrolytic solution is the same as that of the doping solution described above.
- the concentration of alkali metal ions (alkali metal salts) in the electrolyte is preferably 0.1 mol / L or more, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mol / L.
- the electrolyte may have a gel-like or solid form for the purpose of preventing liquid leakage.
- the capacitor can be provided with a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to suppress their physical contact.
- a separator include a non-woven fabric or a porous film made from cellulose rayon, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyester, polyimide or the like.
- the structure of the capacitor for example, three or more plate-shaped structural units composed of a positive electrode and a negative electrode and a separator interposed between them are laminated to form a laminated body, and the laminated body is enclosed in an exterior film.
- a laminated cell can be mentioned.
- a band-shaped structural unit composed of a positive electrode and a negative electrode and a separator interposed therein is wound to form a laminated body, and the laminated body is stored in a square or cylindrical container.
- Examples thereof include a wound type cell and the like.
- a capacitor can be manufactured, for example, by forming a basic structure including at least a negative electrode and a positive electrode, and injecting an electrolyte into the basic structure.
- the density of the active material layer is preferably 0.50 to 1.50 g / cc, particularly preferably 0.70 to 1.20 g / cc.
- the battery is not particularly limited as long as it is a battery that utilizes the insertion / removal of alkali metal ions, and may be a primary battery or a secondary battery.
- Examples of the battery include a lithium ion secondary battery, a sodium ion secondary battery, an air battery and the like. Among them, a lithium ion secondary battery is preferable.
- the basic configuration of the positive electrode that constitutes the battery can be a general configuration.
- an organic active material such as a nitroxy radical compound or oxygen can also be used.
- a battery can be manufactured, for example, by forming a basic structure including at least a negative electrode and a positive electrode, and injecting an electrolyte into the basic structure.
- the negative electrode is manufactured by the method described in "5. Manufacturing method of electrode 75 using electrode manufacturing apparatus 1".
- the negative electrode, the separator, and the electrode different from the negative electrode are sequentially laminated to form an electrode cell.
- the electrode precursor 73 is immersed in a pretreatment solution.
- the pretreatment solution contains alkali metal ions, a solvent, and a specific additive.
- the specific additive can suppress the reductive decomposition of the solvent.
- the active material is then doped with an alkali metal using a doping solution.
- the power storage device including the electrode manufactured by the electrode manufacturing method of the present disclosure is excellent in float characteristics, cycle characteristics, initial characteristics regarding charge / discharge efficiency and resistance, and charge / discharge characteristics at low temperature.
- the electrode precursor 73 is immersed in a pretreatment solution.
- the electrode 75 is then manufactured by doping the active material with an alkali metal using a doping solution.
- an electrode cell which is a negative electrode 75, a separator, and a positive electrode are sequentially laminated to form an electrode cell.
- the power storage device manufactured by the method for manufacturing the power storage device of the present disclosure is excellent in float characteristics, cycle characteristics, initial characteristics regarding charge / discharge efficiency and resistance, and charge / discharge characteristics at low temperature.
- an electrolytic solution containing the above-mentioned additive was added to a tripolar cell having a graphite negative electrode as a working electrode and a lithium metal as a counter electrode and a reference electrode to prepare an electrochemical cell.
- the current value when the potential of the working electrode was changed from the open circuit potential to the low potential at a scanning speed of 5 mV / sec was measured.
- the reduction decomposition peak was small for each of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate. From this measurement result, it was confirmed that propene sultone suppressed the decomposition of the solvent.
- (Reference Example 2) Suppression of Reductive Decomposition of Solvent by Lithium Difluorophosphate The same operation as in (Reference Example 1) was performed except that propensultone was changed to lithium difluorophosphate. As a result, the reduction decomposition peaks of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate were small. From this measurement result, it was confirmed that lithium difluorophosphate suppressed the decomposition of the solvent.
- Example 1 Manufacture of negative electrode for power storage device A long strip-shaped negative electrode current collector was prepared.
- the size of the negative electrode current collector was 150 mm in width, 100 m in length, and 8 ⁇ m in thickness.
- the surface roughness Ra of the negative electrode current collector was 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode current collector was made of copper foil.
- active material layers 95 were formed on both sides of the current collector 93, respectively, to obtain an electrode precursor 73.
- the current collector 93 is a negative electrode current collector.
- the active material layer 95 is a negative electrode active material layer.
- the thickness of the active material layer 95 was 80 ⁇ m.
- the active material layer 95 was formed along the longitudinal direction of the current collector 93.
- the active material layer 95 was formed over a width of 120 mm at the central portion of the current collector 93 in the width direction.
- Negative electrode active material layer unformed portions were present at both ends of the current collector 93 in the width direction.
- the negative electrode active material layer unformed portion is a portion where the active material layer 95 is not formed. At both ends of the current collector 93 in the width direction, the width of the negative electrode active material layer unformed portion was 15 mm, respectively.
- the active material layer 95 contained graphite, carboxymethyl cellulose, acetylene black, binder and a dispersant in a mass ratio of 88: 5: 3: 4.
- Graphite corresponds to the negative electrode active material and corresponds to the carbon-based material.
- Acetylene black corresponds to conductive agents.
- the lithium pole was manufactured as follows. First, a long copper plate having a thickness of 2 mm was prepared. A lithium metal plate was attached on this copper plate. The size of the lithium metal plate was 120 mm in width ⁇ 800 mm in length and 1 mm in thickness. The lithium metal plate was attached along the longitudinal direction of the copper plate. The copper plate to which the lithium metal plate was attached in this way was designated as the counter electrode unit 51. Eight of the same counter electrode units 51 were manufactured.
- the electrode manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 was prepared, and the electrode precursor 73 and the counter electrode unit 51 were installed.
- the electrolytic solution A-1 was supplied to the electrolytic solution tank 203.
- the electrolytic solution A-1 contained an organic solvent, LiPF 6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate), and further contained lithium difluorophosphate and propene sultone as specific additives.
- the concentration of lithium difluorophosphate in the electrolytic solution A-1 was 0.5% by mass.
- the concentration of propene sultone in the electrolytic solution A-1 was 0.05% by mass.
- the organic solvent contained in the electrolytic solution A-1 was a mixed solvent containing ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3: 4: 3.
- the electrolytic solution B was supplied to the electrolytic solution tanks 205, 7, and 207.
- the electrolytic solution B contained an organic solvent and LiPF 6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate).
- the concentration of LiPF 6 in the electrolytic solution B was 1.2 mol / L.
- the organic solvent of the electrolytic solution B was a mixed solvent containing ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3: 4: 3.
- the electrode precursor 73 and the counter electrode unit 51 installed in the electrode manufacturing apparatus 1 are connected to a DC power supply with a current / voltage monitor, and the electrode precursor 73 is conveyed at a speed of 0.32 m / min while carrying a current of 80 A. Was energized.
- the electrode precursor 73 was doped in the negative electrode active material in the active material layer 95, and the electrode precursor 73 became the electrode 75.
- the electrode 75 was wound after passing through a washing tank 103 containing DMC (dimethyl carbonate) at 25 ° C.
- the electrode 75 was manufactured as described above.
- the electrode 75 is a negative electrode for a lithium ion capacitor and a negative electrode for a power storage device.
- the prepared 3-pole cell was subjected to a constant current with a current density of 0.1 mA / cm 2 and a negative electrode potential of 3.0 V vs.
- the battery was discharged until it became Li / Li +, and the discharge capacity was measured.
- the charge / discharge efficiency was determined using the following formula (1). Table 1 shows the charge / discharge efficiency.
- Charge / discharge efficiency (%) (discharge capacity / charge capacity) x 100 (8-2-4)
- Positive electrode for power storage device The positive electrode current collector was made of aluminum foil. The thickness of the positive electrode current collector was 12 ⁇ m. The positive electrode current collector opening ratio was 0%. Positive electrode undercoat layers were formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector. A positive electrode active material layer was further formed on the positive electrode undercoat layer. The thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was 144 ⁇ m. The positive electrode active material layer was formed along the longitudinal direction of the positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode active material layer contained activated carbon, acetylene black, a binder and a dispersant in a mass ratio of 88: 5: 3: 3. Through the above steps, a positive electrode for a power storage device was obtained.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode were alternately laminated via a separator made of a polyethylene non-woven fabric having a thickness of 35 ⁇ m to prepare an electrode lamination unit.
- the terminal welded portion of the positive electrode current collector and the terminal welded portion of the negative electrode current collector are on opposite sides.
- the negative electrode is arranged on the outermost side of the electrode lamination unit.
- separators were placed at the top and bottom of the electrode stacking unit, and the four sides of the electrode stacking unit were taped.
- the terminal welds were ultrasonically welded to the aluminum positive electrode terminals.
- the terminal welded portion was resistance welded to the nickel negative electrode terminal.
- the electrode laminating unit was sandwiched between the first laminating film and the second laminating film. Next, the three sides of the first laminated film and the second laminated film were fused. As a result, a bag of laminated film having only one side open was formed. The electrode laminating unit was housed inside a bag of laminating film.
- the electrolytic solution contained 1.2 M of LiPF 6 and a solvent.
- the solvent was a mixed solution containing ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3: 4: 3.
- one side of the open laminated film bag was fused.
- the evaluation cell was completed.
- the following evaluations (8-2-6) to (8-2-9) were performed using the created evaluation cells.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- the prepared evaluation cell was charged with a constant current of 10 A until the cell voltage became 3.8 V.
- constant voltage charging was performed for 30 minutes by applying a constant voltage of 3.8 V.
- the capacitance when discharged until the cell voltage became 2.2 V with a constant current of 10 A was measured. The measured value was taken as the initial capacitance.
- a value obtained by dividing the voltage difference between the voltage immediately before the start of discharge and the voltage 0.1 seconds after the start of discharge by the discharge current was calculated. The calculated value was used as the initial resistance.
- the initial resistance is the DC internal resistance of the evaluation cell.
- the cell volume, DC internal resistance, and capacitance of the evaluation cell were measured in the same manner as before the high temperature load test.
- the DC internal resistance and capacitance were measured by the same method as in (8-2-6) above.
- the volume of the evaluation cell was measured by the following method.
- measuring method of volume of evaluation cell A container of water was placed on the scale. The density of water is 1 g / cm 3 . Next, the evaluation cell suspended by a wire was lowered, and the evaluation cell was submerged in water in the container. The volume of the wire was so small that it could be ignored. The entire evaluation cell was submerged in water. The evaluation cell did not touch the bottom surface of the container. In this state, the mass was measured using a scale. Based on the measured mass, the volume of the evaluation cell was calculated using Archimedes' principle.
- the capacitance retention rate was calculated using the following formula (2).
- the cell volume retention rate was calculated using the following formula (3).
- the resistance retention rate was calculated using the following equation (4).
- Capacitance retention rate (%) (Capacitance after high temperature load test / Initial capacitance) x 100 Equation (3)
- Cell volume retention rate (%) (cell volume after high temperature load test / initial cell volume) ⁇ 100 Equation (4)
- Resistance retention rate (%) (DC internal resistance / initial resistance after high temperature load test) x 100
- the "initial capacitance” in the formula (2) is the capacitance before the high temperature load test.
- the "initial cell volume” in the formula (3) is the volume of the evaluation cell before the high temperature load test.
- the “initial resistance” in the formula (4) is the DC internal resistance of the evaluation cell before the high temperature load test.
- the evaluation cell was charged with a constant current of 10 A until the cell voltage became 3.8 V.
- constant voltage charging was performed for 30 minutes by applying a constant voltage of 3.8 V.
- the capacitance when discharged to a cell voltage of 2.2 V with a constant current of 10 A was defined as the capacitance after 100,000 cycles.
- the capacitance retention rate (%) was calculated based on the following formula (5).
- the cell volume around 100,000 cycles was measured by the method described in the above section (8-2-7). Then, the cell volume retention rate was calculated based on the following formula (6). Further, the resistance retention rate was calculated using the following equation (7).
- Capacitance retention rate (%) (capacitance after 100,000 cycles / initial capacitance) x 100 Equation (6)
- Cell volume retention rate (%) (cell volume after 100,000 cycles / initial cell volume) ⁇ 100 Equation (7)
- Resistance retention rate (%) (DC internal resistance after 100,000 cycles / initial resistance) x 100
- the "initial capacitance” in the formula (5) is the capacitance before repeating the above cycle for 100,000 cycles.
- the "initial cell volume” in the formula (6) is the volume of the evaluation cell before repeating the above cycle for 100,000 cycles.
- the “initial resistance” in the formula (7) is the DC internal resistance of the evaluation cell before repeating the above cycle for 100,000 cycles.
- Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the electrolytic solution A-1 was supplied to the electrolytic solution tanks 205, 7, and 207 instead of the electrolytic solution B. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- predoping may be performed by a single-wafer method.
- the single-wafer type is a method in which a cut-out electrode plate and an alkali metal plate are pre-doped in a state of being arranged in an electrolytic solution via a separator.
- each of the above embodiments may be shared by a plurality of components, or the function of the plurality of components may be exerted by one component. Further, a part of the configuration of each of the above embodiments may be omitted. In addition, at least a part of the configuration of each of the above embodiments may be added or replaced with respect to the configuration of the other embodiments. It should be noted that all aspects included in the technical idea specified from the wording described in the claims are embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the present disclosure can be realized in various forms such as an electrode manufacturing apparatus, a system having the electrode manufacturing apparatus as a component, and a predoping method.
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Abstract
Description
<第1実施形態>
1.電極製造装置1の構成
電極製造装置1の構成を、図1~図4に基づき説明する。図1に示すように、電極製造装置1は、電解液槽203、205、7、207と、洗浄槽103と、搬送ローラ9、11、13、15、17、19、21、23、25、27、29、31、305、307、109、311、313、315、317、119、321、323、33、35、37、39、41、43、45(以下ではこれらをまとめて搬送ローラ群と呼ぶこともある)と、供給ロール47と、巻取ロール49と、対極ユニット51、52、54と、多孔質絶縁部材53と、支持台55と、循環濾過ユニット57と、3つの直流電源61、62、64と、ブロア63と、電源制御ユニット66と、を備える。
電極前駆体73の構成を図5及び図6に基づき説明する。電極前駆体73は、図5に示すように、帯状の形状を有する。電極前駆体73は、図6に示すように、帯状の集電体93と、その両側に形成された活物質層95とを備える。
電極製造装置1を使用するとき、電解液槽205、7、207に、アルカリ金属イオンを含む溶液(以下ではドープ溶液とする)を収容する。
前処理溶液は、アルカリ金属イオン、溶媒、及び、特定添加剤を含む。アルカリ金属イオン、及び溶媒として、ドープ溶液と同様のものを用いることができる。溶媒として、カーボネート系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、炭化水素系溶媒、ニトリル系溶媒、含硫黄系溶媒、及びアミド系溶媒から成る群から選択される1種以上が好ましい。溶媒がこれらのものである場合、蓄電デバイスのフロート特性、サイクル特性、充放電効率及び抵抗に関する初期特性、並びに、低温での充放電特性が一層向上する。
まず、電極75を製造するための準備として、以下のことを行う。電極前駆体73を供給ロール47に巻き回す。次に、搬送ローラ群により、電極前駆体73を供給ロール47から引き出し、上述した経路に沿って巻取ロール49まで通紙する。そして、電解液槽203、205、7、207、及び洗浄槽103を上昇させ、図1に示す定位置へセットする。電解液槽203に前処理溶液を収容する。前処理溶液は、上記「4.前処理溶液の組成」で述べたものである。また、電解液槽205、7、207にドープ溶液を収容する。ドープ溶液は、上記「3.ドープ溶液の組成」で述べたものである。洗浄槽103に洗浄液を収容する。洗浄液は有機溶剤である。その結果、電解液槽203の空間71は前処理溶液で満たされる。電解液槽205、7、207の空間71はドープ溶液で満たされる。洗浄槽103の空間71は洗浄液で満たされる。
蓄電デバイスは電極セルを備える。蓄電デバイスとして、例えば、キャパシタ、電池等が挙げられる。キャパシタとしては、アルカリ金属イオンの挿入/脱離を利用するキャパシタであれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、リチウムイオンキャパシタ、ナトリウムイオンキャパシタ等が挙げられる。その中でもリチウムイオンキャパシタが好ましい。
(1A)本開示の電極製造方法では、電極前駆体73を前処理溶液に浸漬する。前処理溶液は、アルカリ金属イオン、溶媒、及び、特定添加剤を含む。特定添加剤は、溶媒の還元分解を抑制できる。本開示の電極製造方法では、次に、ドープ溶液を用い、活物質にアルカリ金属をドープする。本開示の電極製造方法により製造した電極を備える蓄電デバイスは、フロート特性、サイクル特性、充放電効率及び抵抗に関する初期特性、並びに、低温での充放電特性において優れている。
本開示を以下の実施例及び比較例を用いてさらに詳細に説明する。
以下の参考例1、2により、特定添加剤が溶媒の還元分解を抑制することを確認した。(参考例1)プロペンスルトンによる溶媒の還元分解抑制
還元電位は、リニアスイープボルタンメトリーにより得られる。具体的には、エチレンカーボネートと、エチルメチルカーボネートと、ジメチルカーボネートとを、3:4:3の体積比で含む混合液に、電解質塩としてLiPF6を溶解して電解液を調製した。電解液におけるLiPF6の濃度は1.2Mであった。次に、該電解液100質量部に対して、特定添加剤として1質量部のプロペンスルトンを加えた電解液(以下では添加剤入りの電解液とする)を作成した。
(参考例2)ジフルオロリン酸リチウムによる溶媒の還元分解抑制
プロペンスルトンをジフルオロリン酸リチウムに変更した点以外は(参考例1)と同様の操作を行った。その結果、エチレンカーボネートと、エチルメチルカーボネートと、ジメチルカーボネートとのそれぞれについて、還元分解ピークが小さくなっていた。この測定結果から、ジフルオロリン酸リチウムが溶媒の分解を抑制したことが確認できた。
(8-2-1)蓄電デバイス用負極の製造
長尺の帯状の負極集電体を用意した。負極集電体のサイズは、幅150mm、長さ100m、厚さ8μmであった。負極集電体の表面粗さRaは0.1μmであった。負極集電体は銅箔から成っていた。
上記(8-2-1)で得られた電極75の外観を観察して、リチウム析出の有無を確認した。リチウム析出有の場合は「あり」と評価し、リチウム析出なしの場合は「なし」と評価した。結果を表1に示す。
上記(8-2-1)で得られた電極75から打ち抜くことで、4.0cm×2.6cmの大きさ(ただし端子溶接部を除く)の負極を作成した。次に、前記のように作成した負極を作用極とし、リチウム金属を対極及び参照極とする3極セルを組み立てた。この3極セルに電解液を注液した。電解液は、1.2MのLiPF6を含む溶液であった。電解液の溶媒は、エチレンカーボネートと、エチルメチルカーボネートと、ジメチルカーボネートとを、3:4:3の体積比で含む混合溶媒であった。以上の工程により、3極セルが完成した。
(8-2-4)蓄電デバイス用正極
正極集電体はアルミニウム箔から成っていた。正極集電体の厚みは12μmであった。正極集電体開口率は0%であった。正極集電体の両面に、それぞれ正極下塗り層を形成した。正極下塗り層の上に、さらに正極活物質層を形成した。正極活物質層の厚みは144μmであった。正極活物質層は、正極集電体の長手方向に沿って形成されていた。正極活物質層は、活性炭、アセチレンブラック、バインダー及び分散剤を、質量比で88:5:3:3の比率で含んでいた。以上の工程により、蓄電デバイス用正極が得られた。
上記(8-2-1)で得られた蓄電デバイスタ用負極から、10.0cm×13.0cmの大きさ(ただし端子溶接部を除く)の負極を15枚切り出した。また、上記(8-2-4)で得られた蓄電デバイス用正極から、9.7cm×12.5cmの大きさ(ただし端子溶接部を除く)の正極を14枚切り出した。
作製した評価用セルを、10Aの定電流でセル電圧が3.8Vになるまで充電した。次に、3.8Vの定電圧を印加する定電圧充電を30分間行った。次に、10Aの定電流でセル電圧が2.2Vになるまで放電した際の静電容量を測定した。測定値を初期静電容量とした。また、放電開始直前の電圧と放電開始0.1秒後の電圧との電圧差を放電電流で除した値を算出した。算出した値を初期抵抗とした。初期抵抗は評価用セルの直流内部抵抗である。
後述する高温負荷試験の前に、作成した評価用セルの体積、直流内部抵抗及び静電容量を測定した。次に、高温負荷試験を行った。高温負荷試験とは、70℃に保持した恒温槽(ヤマト科学社製、恒温槽DKN812)中で、作製した評価用セルを、テクシオ製直流電源装置(PW8-3AQP)を用いて、3.8Vで1000時間保持することである。
水の入った容器を秤の上に置いた。水の密度は1g/cm3である。次に、ワイヤーで吊した評価用セルを降下させ、評価用セルを、容器内の水中に沈めた。なお、ワイヤーの体積は、無視できるほど小さかった。評価用セルの全体が水中に没した。評価用セルは、容器の底面に接触しなかった。この状態で、秤を用いて質量を測定した。質量の測定値に基づき、アルキメデスの原理を用いて、評価用セルの体積を算出した。
式(3) セル体積維持率(%)=(高温負荷試験後のセル体積/初期セル体積)×100
式(4) 抵抗維持率(%)=(高温負荷試験後の直流内部抵抗/初期抵抗)×100
式(2)における「初期静電容量」とは、高温負荷試験の前における静電容量である。式(3)における「初期セル体積」とは、高温負荷試験の前における評価用セルの体積である。式(4)における「初期抵抗」とは、高温負荷試験の前における評価用セルの直流内部抵抗である。
評価用セルを、100Aの定電流で3.8Vになるまで充電した。次に、100Aの定電流でセル電圧が2.2Vになるまで放電した。以上のサイクルを10万サイクル繰り返した。
式(6) セル体積維持率(%)=(10万サイクル後のセル体積/初期セル体積)×100
式(7) 抵抗維持率(%)=(10万サイクル後の直流内部抵抗/初期抵抗)×100
式(5)における「初期静電容量」とは、上記のサイクルを10万サイクル繰り返す前における静電容量である。式(6)における「初期セル体積」とは、上記のサイクルを10万サイクル繰り返す前における評価用セルの体積である。式(7)における「初期抵抗」とは、上記のサイクルを10万サイクル繰り返す前における評価用セルの直流内部抵抗である。
作製した評価用セルを用いて-30℃の条件下で以下の評価を行った。
(放電特性)
10Aの定電流でセル電圧が3.8Vになるまで充電した。次に、3.8Vの定電圧を印加する定電圧充電を30分間行った。次に、10Aの定電流でセル電圧が2.2Vになるまで放電した際の放電容量を測定した。この測定値を放電容量とした。また、放電開始直前の電圧と放電開始0.1秒後の電圧との電圧差を放電電流で除した値を算出した。算出した値を抵抗とした。抵抗は、評価用セルの直流内部抵抗である。
(充電特性)
10Aの定電流でセル電圧が2.2Vになるまで放電した。次に、2.2Vの定電圧を印加する定電圧充電を30分間行った。次に、10Aの定電流でセル電圧が3.8Vになるまで充電した際の充電容量を測定した。この測定値を充電容量とした。また、放電開始直前の電圧と放電開始0.1秒後の電圧との電圧差を放電電流で除した値を算出した。算出した値を抵抗とした。抵抗は、評価用セルの直流内部抵抗である。
電解液槽205、7、207に、電解液Bの代わりに電解液A-1を供給した点以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。
電解液槽203に、電解液A-1の代わりに電解液Bを供給した点以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。
電解液槽203に、電解液A-1の代わりに電解液Bを供給し、電解液槽205、7、207に電解液Bの代わりに電解液A-1を供給した点以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。
<他の実施形態>
以上、本開示の実施形態について説明したが、本開示は上述の実施形態に限定されることなく、種々変形して実施することができる。
Claims (8)
- アルカリ金属がドープされた活物質を含む電極を製造する電極製造方法であって、
集電体と、前記集電体の表面に形成され、活物質を含む活物質層とを備える電極前駆体を、アルカリ金属イオン、溶媒、及び、前記溶媒の還元分解を抑制可能な添加剤を含む前処理溶液に浸漬し、
前記電極前駆体を前記前処理溶液に浸漬した後、アルカリ金属イオンを含むドープ溶液を用い、前記活物質にアルカリ金属をドープする電極製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電極製造方法であって、
前記前処理溶液における前記添加剤の濃度は、0.001質量%以上10質量%以下である電極製造方法。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の電極製造方法であって、
前記添加剤は、ビニレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、1,3-プロパンスルトン、1,4-ブタンスルトン、1,3-プロペンスルトン、スクシノニトリル、及びアジポニトリルから成る群から選択される1種以上を含む電極製造方法。 - 請求項3に記載の電極製造方法であって、
前記添加剤は、ジフルオロリン酸リチウム、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド、ホウフッ化リチウム、リチウムビスオキサレートボラート、及びLiPF2C4O8から成る群から選択される1種以上をさらに含む電極製造方法。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の電極製造方法であって、
前記溶媒は、カーボネート系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、炭化水素系溶媒、ニトリル系溶媒、含硫黄系溶媒、及びアミド系溶媒から成る群から選択される1種以上である電極製造方法。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の電極製造方法であって、
前記溶媒は、カーボネート系溶媒である電極製造方法、 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の電極製造方法であって、
前記ドープ溶液における前記添加剤の濃度は、0.1質量%以下である電極製造方法。 - 電極セルを備える蓄電デバイスの製造方法であって、
負極集電体と、前記負極集電体の表面に形成され、負極活物質を含む負極活物質層とを備える負極前駆体を、アルカリ金属イオン、溶媒、及び、前記溶媒の還元分解を抑制可能な添加剤を含む前処理溶液に浸漬し、
前記負極前駆体を前記前処理溶液に浸漬した後、アルカリ金属イオンを含むドープ溶液を用い、前記負極活物質にアルカリ金属をドープして負極を製造し、
前記負極と、セパレータと、前記負極とは異なる電極とを順次積層して前記電極セルを形成する蓄電デバイスの製造方法。
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- 2020-02-26 US US17/602,528 patent/US20220173375A1/en active Pending
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JP7372315B2 (ja) | 2023-10-31 |
EP3955342A4 (en) | 2023-09-20 |
JPWO2020208965A1 (ja) | 2020-10-15 |
CN113678283A (zh) | 2021-11-19 |
KR20210150489A (ko) | 2021-12-10 |
EP3955342A1 (en) | 2022-02-16 |
US20220173375A1 (en) | 2022-06-02 |
CN113678283B (zh) | 2024-03-01 |
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