WO2020184014A1 - 合わせガラス - Google Patents

合わせガラス Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020184014A1
WO2020184014A1 PCT/JP2020/004747 JP2020004747W WO2020184014A1 WO 2020184014 A1 WO2020184014 A1 WO 2020184014A1 JP 2020004747 W JP2020004747 W JP 2020004747W WO 2020184014 A1 WO2020184014 A1 WO 2020184014A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laminated glass
glass
vehicle
interlayer film
display device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2020/004747
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
駿介 定金
林　英明
Original Assignee
Ａｇｃ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ａｇｃ株式会社 filed Critical Ａｇｃ株式会社
Priority to DE112020001206.9T priority Critical patent/DE112020001206T5/de
Priority to CN202080018168.9A priority patent/CN113518765B/zh
Priority to JP2021505600A priority patent/JP7380673B2/ja
Publication of WO2020184014A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020184014A1/ja
Priority to US17/467,083 priority patent/US20210394488A1/en

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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Arrangement of adaptations of instruments
    • B60K35/22—
    • B60K35/60—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/402—Coloured
    • B32B2307/4023—Coloured on the layer surface, e.g. ink
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41—Opaque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • B60K2360/331—
    • B60K2360/332—
    • B60K2360/42—
    • B60K2360/785—
    • B60K2360/92—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/013—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising a combiner of particular shape, e.g. curvature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to laminated glass.
  • a technique for enclosing a structure such as a display device in a laminated glass is known.
  • a flat panel display or the like is enclosed in a peripheral region of a laminated glass used as a windshield (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and a liquid crystal display is enclosed in a display area of a head-up display (for example, Patent Document 1). 2).
  • the laminated glass has a structure such as a display device
  • a structure such as a display device
  • deaeration failure may occur or the structure or the glass plate may be cracked. The inventors have found that.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to suppress poor degassing and cracking of a structure or the like in a laminated glass having a structure such as a display device.
  • the laminated glass is for a vehicle having a vehicle inner glass plate, a vehicle outer glass plate, an interlayer film for joining the vehicle inner glass plate and the vehicle outer glass plate, and a structure enclosed in the interlayer film.
  • the interlayer film is a first interlayer film to be bonded to the inner glass plate of the vehicle, a second interlayer film to be bonded to the outer glass plate of the vehicle, the first intermediate film and the said interlayer film. It has a third interlayer film that is located between the second interlayer films and surrounds the outer periphery of the structure, and is the thinner of the first intermediate film and the second intermediate film.
  • a laminated glass having a structure such as a display device in a laminated glass having a structure such as a display device, poor degassing and cracking of the structure or the like can be suppressed.
  • the vehicle is typically an automobile, but refers to a moving body having glass, including trains, ships, aircraft, and the like.
  • plan view means that a predetermined area of the laminated glass is viewed from the normal direction of the inner surface of the laminated glass
  • planar shape means that the predetermined area of the laminated glass is the normal of the inner surface of the laminated glass. It shall refer to the shape seen from the direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the laminated glass according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 1A schematically shows a state in which the laminated glass is attached to the vehicle and visually recognized from the inside of the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1A.
  • the laminated glass 20 is a laminated glass for a vehicle having a glass plate 21, a glass plate 22, an interlayer film 23, and a display device 25.
  • the interlayer film 23 is located between the intermediate film 231 bonded to the glass plate 21, the intermediate film 232 bonded to the glass plate 22, and the intermediate film 231 and the intermediate film 232, and surrounds the outer periphery of the display device 25. It has an interlayer film 233 and. When it is not necessary to distinguish between the interlayer films 231, 232, and 233, they are simply referred to as the interlayer film 23.
  • the laminated glass 20 is shown in a plane in FIG. 1, the laminated glass 20 may have a curved shape. Further, in FIG. 1, the laminated glass 20 has a rectangular shape, but the planar shape of the laminated glass 20 is not limited to a rectangular shape, and may be any shape including a trapezoidal shape.
  • the laminated glass 20 is used as a window glass for a vehicle.
  • the window glass for a vehicle is, for example, a windshield, a rear glass, a side glass, a roof glass, or the like for a vehicle.
  • the glass plate 21 is a glass plate inside the vehicle that becomes the inside of the vehicle when the laminated glass 20 is attached to the vehicle. Further, the glass plate 22 is a vehicle outer glass plate that becomes the outer side of the vehicle when the laminated glass 20 is attached to the vehicle.
  • the glass plates 21 and 22 may have a predetermined curvature.
  • the glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22 are a pair of glass plates facing each other, and the interlayer film 23 and the display device 25 are located between the pair of glass plates.
  • the glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22 are fixed with the interlayer film 23 and the display device 25 sandwiched between them. Details of the glass plate 21, the glass plate 22, and the interlayer film 23 will be described later.
  • the shielding layer may be provided in a strip shape in the peripheral region of the laminated glass 20, for example.
  • the shielding layer can be formed, for example, by applying a ceramic color paste containing a meltable glass frit containing a black pigment and firing the paste layer, but the shielding layer is not limited thereto.
  • the shielding layer may be formed by applying an organic ink containing a black or dark pigment and drying it.
  • the shielding layer may be provided, for example, on the inner surface 21a of the glass plate 21. However, the shielding layer may be provided on the vehicle inner surface 22a of the glass plate 22, or may be provided on both the vehicle inner surface 21a of the glass plate 21 and the vehicle inner surface 22a of the glass plate 22. May be good.
  • an opaque shielding layer in the peripheral region of the laminated glass 20 can suppress deterioration of the resin such as urethane that holds the peripheral region of the laminated glass 20 in the vehicle body due to ultraviolet rays.
  • a wiring board for example, a flexible printed circuit board electrically connected to the display device 25 can be concealed.
  • the display device 25 is an example of a structure enclosed in the interlayer film 23.
  • the surface of the display device 25 on the glass plate 21 side is coated with the interlayer film 231, and the surface of the display device 25 on the glass plate 22 side is coated with the interlayer film 232.
  • the outer circumference (side surface) of the display device 25 is covered with a frame-shaped interlayer film 233.
  • the width W (width of the frame) of the interlayer film 233 is preferably 5 mm or more, more preferably 10 mm or more, and further preferably 20 mm or more.
  • the width W of the interlayer film 233 is 5 mm or more, the display device 25 can be sufficiently protected, and the effect of protecting the display device 25 becomes larger as the width W becomes 10 mm or more and 20 mm or more. Further, since the stress change of the glass plates 21 and 22 around the display device 25 does not apply to the edges of the glass plates 21 and 22 whose strength is relatively weaker than that in the plane, cracking of the glass plates 21 and 22 can be suppressed.
  • the end of the display device 25 and the ends of the glass plates 21 and 22 do not necessarily have to be parallel.
  • the width W (width of the frame) of the interlayer film 233 refers to the width of the narrowest portion of the frame.
  • the outer circumference of the interlayer film 23 is edge-treated. That is, it is preferable that the end portion (edge) of the interlayer film 23 is treated so as not to protrude significantly from the end portion (edge) of the glass plates 21 and 22.
  • the amount of protrusion from the ends of the glass plates 21 and 22 at the ends of the interlayer film 23 is 150 ⁇ m or less, it is preferable in that the appearance is not impaired.
  • the laminated glass 20 is a side glass, the lower side is hidden by the door panel, so the edge treatment of the lower side of the interlayer film 23 is not essential.
  • the display device 25 is a panel-like device that displays information such as images and characters.
  • the information referred to here is not particularly limited, but is, for example, guidance on the scenery outside the vehicle, road traffic information, route guidance, advertising, and the like.
  • the type of the display device 25 is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, a liquid crystal display, an organic EL (Organic Electro-Luminescence) display, an inorganic EL (Inorganic Electro-Luminescence) display, an LED (light emitting diode) display, and the like.
  • the display device 25 includes, for example, a glass or plastic substrate and a display element (liquid crystal display element, organic EL display element, inorganic EL display element, LED element, etc.).
  • the display device 25 may have a component other than the substrate and the display element (a protective layer covering the display element, etc.), if necessary.
  • Each component of the display device 25 may be made of a transparent material to make the outside visible. However, the display device 25 may be a reflective type.
  • the display device 25 may be arranged on substantially the entire laminated glass 20 or only a part thereof, if necessary.
  • the planar shape of the display device 25 is, for example, a rectangle smaller than the planar shape of the laminated glass 20.
  • the thickness ts of the display device 25 is, for example, 0.1 mm or more and 3 mm or less.
  • the thinner film thickness ti of the interlayer films 231 and 232 is 0.4 times or more the thickness ts of the display device 25.
  • the cushioning properties of the interlayer films 231 and 232 are improved.
  • a laminated body in which the glass plate 21, the interlayer film 231 and the display device 25 and the interlayer film 233, the interlayer film 232, and the glass plate 22 are laminated in this order is prepared. Then, for example, a laminated body is put in a rubber bag or the like, the inside of the rubber bag is heated while being sucked under reduced pressure (deaeration treatment) and pre-crimped, and the pre-crimped laminated body is put in an autoclave to be heated and pressurized. , Perform main bonding (main crimping).
  • the cushioning properties of the interlayer films 231 and 232 are improved. Therefore, in the step of manufacturing the laminated glass 20, it is possible to suppress poor deaeration (improve the exhaust property of residual air) and suppress cracking of the glass plates 21 and 22 and the display device 25. As a result, high quality laminated glass 20 can be realized.
  • the thinner film thickness ti of the interlayer films 231 and 232 with respect to the thickness ts of the display device 25 satisfies "ti / ts ⁇ 0.6" ... (2). That is, the thinner film thickness ti of the interlayer films 231 and 232 is more preferably 0.6 times or more the thickness ts of the display device 25.
  • the cushioning properties of the interlayer films 231 and 232 are further improved. Therefore, the effect of suppressing the above-mentioned degassing failure and cracking of the glass plates 21 and 22 and the display device 25 can be further improved.
  • the thickness of the display device 25 is ts [mm] and the flexural modulus is E 1 [MPa]
  • the relationship between ts and E 1 is a highly rigid display satisfying E 1 ⁇ ts 3 ⁇ 500.
  • the device 25 is sealed in the interlayer film 23, it is effective to satisfy the formula (1) from the viewpoint of suppressing poor deaeration and cracking of the glass plates 21 and 22 and the display device 25, and the formula (2) is expressed. It is even more effective to meet.
  • a display device 25 having a higher rigidity satisfying E 1 ⁇ ts 3 ⁇ 1000 is enclosed in the interlayer film 23, it is particularly effective from the viewpoint of suppressing poor degassing and cracking of the glass plates 21 and 22, and the display device 25. It is effective to satisfy the equation (2).
  • the rigidity of the display device 25 is relatively low, such as when the display device 25 has a plastic substrate, it is sufficient to satisfy the equation (1).
  • the rigidity of the display device 25 is relatively high, such as when the display device 25 has a glass substrate, it is effective to satisfy the equation (2).
  • the structure of the laminated glass 20 of the present invention satisfies the equation (1), resulting in poor degassing.
  • the structure can be such that the glass plates 21 and 22 and the display device 25 are prevented from cracking.
  • the display device 25 is made of a substrate made of polycarbonate or the like and the flexural modulus of the display device 25 is 1 GPa or more, or when the display device 25 is made of a glass substrate and the flexural modulus of the display device 25 is high.
  • the value is 10 GPa or more, the structure of the laminated glass 20 of the present invention satisfies the formula (2), so that a structure that suppresses degassing failure and cracking of the glass plates 21 and 22 and the display device 25 can be formed.
  • the elastic modulus E 1 bent in this application can be measured by a method conforming to "ASTM D790".
  • the thickness ts of the display device 25 is the average thickness of the portion not including the protrusion as shown in FIG.
  • the thickness ts is the average thickness of the total of the layers included in the display device 25A. is there.
  • the thickness ts is the average thickness of the total of the layers included in the display device 25B. is there.
  • the thickness ts is the average thickness of the portion of the display device 25C excluding the protrusion.
  • the protrusion is, for example, an LED for surface mounting.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a suitable arrangement of the display device, and schematically shows a state in which a laminated glass is attached to the vehicle and visually recognized from the inside of the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle.
  • the upper side of the paper surface is the roof side of the vehicle
  • the lower side of the paper surface is the floor side of the vehicle.
  • the display device 25 is oriented so that the longitudinal direction of the display device 25 faces the vertical direction when the laminated glass 20 is attached to the vehicle. It is preferable to arrange 25. Since the windshield and the rear glass are attached to the vehicle in an inclined state, the arrangement shown in FIG. 3A can reduce the fluoroscopic distortion as compared with the arrangement shown in FIG. 3B.
  • the display device 25 is displayed so that the longitudinal direction of the display device 25 faces the left-right direction when the laminated glass 20 is attached to the vehicle. It is preferable to arrange the device 25.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 3B can reduce the fluoroscopic distortion as compared with the arrangement shown in FIG. 3A.
  • the vertical direction and the horizontal direction referred to here are not the vertical direction and the horizontal direction in a strict sense, and the display device 25 is oblique with respect to the vertical direction or the horizontal direction within a range that does not impair the effect of making the perspective distortion inconspicuous. It shall include the case where it is arranged.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the distance between the connection end, which is the end of the wiring plate electrically connected to the display device, and the end of the glass plate, and the laminated glass is attached to the vehicle from the inside of the vehicle. The state of visual recognition outside the passenger compartment is schematically shown.
  • the width W of the interlayer film 233 is preferably 5 mm or more.
  • a part of the display device 25 is glass. It may be arranged so as to protrude from the ends of the plates 21 and 22.
  • the width W of the interlayer film 233 is partially 0 mm.
  • the positional relationship between the display device 25 and the glass plates 21 and 22 may be as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b).
  • the entire display device 25 is arranged at a position separated from the outer periphery of the laminated glass 20 by 5 mm or more, and the wiring board 30 (for example, a flexible printed circuit board) connected to the display device 25 is ,
  • the laminated glass 20 is arranged at a visible position in a plan view.
  • the wiring board 30 can be taken out from the lower side of the laminated glass 20 to hide the vicinity of the wiring board 30 by the door panel, there is no problem in appearance after the laminated glass 20 is mounted on the vehicle.
  • a window regulator 120 for sliding the laminated glass 20 up and down along the window frame 130 inside the door panel And holder 127 are arranged.
  • the upper side 102 of the laminated glass 20 is a side exposed when the side glass is opened.
  • a holder 127 is attached to the lower side 103 of the laminated glass 20, and is attached to the elevating rail 123 of the window regulator 120.
  • the lower side of the side glass belt line BL (boundary line between the side glass and the door panel) is located inside the door panel, so that it is not exposed.
  • the lower side of the display device 25 is the belt line BL even if the entire display device 25 is arranged at a position separated from the outer periphery of the laminated glass 20 by 5 mm or more in the laminated glass 20. If it is arranged so as to be located above, even if the wiring board 30 is taken out from the lower side of the display device 25, the wiring board 30 cannot be visually recognized when the laminated glass 20 is incorporated in the door of the vehicle.
  • the lower side of the display device 25 is the belt line BL. If it is arranged so as to be located below (inside the door panel), even if the wiring board 30 is taken out from the lower side of the display device 25, the wiring board 30 cannot be visually recognized when the laminated glass 20 is incorporated in the door of the vehicle. ..
  • the laminated glass 20 before being attached to the vehicle is arranged at a position where the wiring board 30 can be visually recognized, but the laminated glass 20 is used for the vehicle.
  • the wiring board 30 is not visible, so there is no risk of spoiling the appearance.
  • the wiring plate 30 is taken out from the lower side of the laminated glass 20, so that the wiring plate 30 bites into another member when the laminated glass mounted on the vehicle slides up and down. It can be prevented from getting stuck.
  • connection end portion 30e and the end of the glass plate 21 which are the ends where the wiring plate 30 is connected to the display device 25. and the distance L 1 between the parts 21e is 1mm or more, and it is preferable that the distance L 1 between the end portion 22e of the connecting end portion 30e and the glass plate 22 of the wiring board 30 is 1mm or more.
  • connection end portion 30e of the wiring plate 30 is shifted inward of the glass plates 21 and 22 with respect to the end portion 21e of the glass plate 21 and the end portion 22e of the glass plate 22.
  • connection end portion 30e of the wiring plate 30 is shifted to the outside of the glass plates 21 and 22 with respect to the end portion 21e of the glass plate 21 and the end portion 22e of the glass plate 22. ..
  • the distance L 1 is 1 mm or more, it is possible to prevent the wiring included in the wiring board 30 from being broken.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the total thickness distribution of the laminated glass, and schematically shows how the laminated glass is attached to the vehicle and visually recognized from the inside of the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle.
  • the laminated glass 20 The amount of change in total thickness is preferably ⁇ 100 ⁇ m or less. As a result, the thickness distribution of the laminated glass 20 in the vicinity of the end portion 25e of the display device 25 is reduced, so that deterioration of fluoroscopic distortion in the vicinity of the end portion 25e of the display device 25 can be suppressed.
  • the amount of change in the total thickness of the laminated glass 20 from the position of the alternate long and short dash line P 1 to the position of the alternate long and short dash line P 2 is ⁇ 70 ⁇ m or less.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a change in tensile stress of the laminated glass, and schematically shows a state in which the laminated glass is attached to the vehicle and visually recognized from the inside of the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle.
  • the combined The change in tensile stress of the glass 20 is preferably 1 MPa or more and 30 MPa or less. As a result, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the glass plates 21 and 22 and the display device 25 are cracked due to excessive stress.
  • the change in tensile stress of the laminated glass 20 is at least one of the inner surface of the glass plate 21 located inside the laminated glass 20 or the outer surface of the glass plate 22 located outside the laminated glass 20. , Or the change in tensile stress that occurs on both surfaces.
  • the tensile stress change of the glass 20 is combined, and more preferably more preferably at 1MPa or higher 20MPa or less, it is 1MPa or more 10MPa or less.
  • the change in tensile stress of the laminated glass 20 becomes 1 MPa or more and 20 MPa or less and 1 MPa or more and 10 MPa or less, the possibility that the glass plates 21 and 22 and the display device 25 are broken can be further reduced.
  • the change in tensile stress of the laminated glass 20 is obtained by a surface stress meter using photoelasticity or the like.
  • the glass plate 21, the glass plate 22, and the interlayer film 23 will be described in detail.
  • the glass plates 21 and 22 may be inorganic glass or organic glass.
  • the inorganic glass for example, soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, non-alkali glass, quartz glass and the like are used without particular limitation. Of these, soda lime glass is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost and moldability.
  • the inorganic glass may be either untempered glass or tempered glass.
  • Untempered glass is made by molding molten glass into a plate shape and slowly cooling it. Tempered glass is formed by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of untempered glass.
  • the tempered glass may be either physically tempered glass (for example, wind-cooled tempered glass) or chemically tempered glass.
  • physically tempered glass compressive stress is applied to the glass surface due to the temperature difference between the glass surface and the inside of the glass by operations other than slow cooling, such as quenching the glass plate uniformly heated in bending molding from the temperature near the softening point.
  • the glass surface may be strengthened by forming a layer.
  • the glass surface may be strengthened by generating compressive stress on the glass surface by an ion exchange method or the like after bending molding.
  • glass that absorbs ultraviolet rays or infrared rays may be used, and more preferably, it may be a glass plate colored to such an extent that the transparency is not impaired.
  • examples of the material for organic glass include transparent resins such as polycarbonate, acrylic resin (for example, polymethylmethacrylate), polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene.
  • the shapes of the glass plates 21 and 22 are not particularly limited to a rectangular shape, and may be a shape processed into various shapes and curvatures. As the bending molding of the glass plates 21 and 22, gravity molding, press molding, roller molding or the like is used.
  • the molding method of the glass plates 21 and 22 is not particularly limited, but for example, in the case of inorganic glass, a glass plate molded by a float method or the like is preferable.
  • the thickness of the glass plate 22 located on the outside of the laminated glass 20 is preferably 1.8 mm or more and 3 mm or less at the thinnest portion.
  • the thinnest portion of the glass plate 22 is more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.8 mm or less, and further preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.6 mm or less.
  • the thickness of the glass plate 21 located inside the laminated glass 20 is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less.
  • the thickness of the glass plate 21 is 0.3 mm or more, the handleability is good, and when it is 2.3 mm or less, the mass does not become too large.
  • the glass plate 21 and / or 22 is not a constant plate thickness, and the plate thickness may change from place to place as needed.
  • the laminated glass 20 is a windshield
  • one or both of the glass plates 21 and 22 is a wedge whose plate thickness increases from the lower side to the upper side of the windshield with the windshield attached to the vehicle. It may be in shape.
  • the film thickness of the interlayer film 23 is constant, the total wedge angle of the glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22 changes, for example, in a range larger than 0 mrad and 1.0 mrad or less.
  • a coating having a water-repellent, ultraviolet, or infrared blocking function, or a coating having low reflection characteristics and low radiation characteristics may be provided on the outside of the glass plate 21 and / or 22. Further, a film such as ultraviolet ray or infrared ray cut, low radiation characteristic, visible light absorption, coloring or the like may be provided on the inside of the glass plate 21 and / or 22 (the side in contact with the interlayer film 23).
  • the glass plates 21 and 22 are inorganic glass, they are bent and molded, for example, after being molded by the float method or the like and before being bonded by the interlayer film 23. Bending molding is performed by softening the glass by heating. The heating temperature of the glass during bending is approximately 550 ° C to 700 ° C.
  • thermoplastic resin is often used as the interlayer film 23 for adhering the glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22, and for example, a plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin, a plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin, a saturated polyester resin, and a plasticized saturated polyester.
  • a plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin such as based resin, polyurethane resin, plasticized polyurethane resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resin, cycloolefin polymer resin, ionomer resin, etc.
  • thermoplastic resins include thermoplastic resins.
  • the resin composition containing the modified block copolymer hydride described in Japanese Patent No. 6065221 can also be preferably used.
  • plasticized polyvinyl acetal-based resins have an excellent balance of various performances such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. Is preferably used. These thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. "Plasticization" in the plasticized polyvinyl acetal-based resin means that it is plasticized by adding a plasticizer. The same applies to other plasticized resins.
  • the interlayer film 23 does not contain a plasticizer.
  • the resin containing no plasticizer include an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin.
  • the polyvinyl acetal resin is a polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter, may also be referred to as “PVA” if necessary) with formaldehyde, and a narrow sense obtained by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde.
  • Polyvinyl butyral resin obtained by reacting PVA with n-butylaldehyde hereinafter, may be referred to as "PVB” if necessary
  • PVB is preferable because it has an excellent balance of various performances such as strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation.
  • These polyvinyl acetal-based resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the material forming the interlayer film 23 is not limited to the thermoplastic resin. Further, the interlayer film 23 may contain functional particles such as an infrared absorber, an ultraviolet absorber, and a luminescent agent. Further, the interlayer film 23 may have a colored portion called a shade band.
  • the interlayer films 231, 232, and 233 contained in the interlayer film 23 are all made of the same material, but a part or all of the intermediate films 231, 232, and 233 are formed of different materials. May be good.
  • the material may have a shear modulus smaller than that of the interlayer films 231 and 232.
  • the shear modulus of the interlayer film 233 is smaller than the shear modulus of the interlayer films 231 and 232, the sound insulation of the laminated glass 20 can be improved.
  • the shear modulus of the interlayer film 231 is smaller than the shear modulus of the interlayer film 232 and 233, the sound insulation of the laminated glass 20 can be improved, and the shear modulus of the interlayer film 232 is the interlayer film. Even when it is smaller than the shear modulus of 231 and 233, the sound insulation of the laminated glass 20 can be improved.
  • the film thickness of the interlayer film 23 is preferably 0.5 mm or more at the thinnest part. When the film thickness of the interlayer film 23 is 0.5 mm or more, the penetration resistance required for laminated glass is sufficient. Further, the film thickness of the interlayer film 23 is preferably 3 mm or less at the thickest portion. When the maximum value of the film thickness of the interlayer film 23 is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass does not become too large. The maximum value of the interlayer film 23 is more preferably 2.8 mm or less, further preferably 2.6 mm or less.
  • the film thickness of the interlayer film 23 is not a constant film thickness like the interlayer film used for a head-up display, and the film thickness may change from place to place as needed.
  • the interlayer film 23 may have a wedge shape in which the film thickness increases from the lower side to the upper side of the windshield with the windshield attached to the vehicle.
  • the wedge angle of the interlayer film 23 changes, for example, in a range larger than 0 mrad and 1.0 mrad or less.
  • the interlayer film 23 may have four or more layers. For example, by forming an interlayer film from four or more layers and making the shear modulus of any layer excluding the layers on both sides smaller than the shear modulus of the layers on both sides by adjusting a plasticizer or the like, the laminated glass 20 is formed. Sound insulation can be improved. In this case, the shear modulus of the layers on both sides may be the same or different.
  • the above resin material to be an interlayer film is appropriately selected and extruded in a heated and melted state using an extruder.
  • the extrusion conditions such as the extrusion speed of the extruder are set to be uniform.
  • the interlayer film 23 is completed by extending the extruded resin film, for example, as necessary, in order to give curvature to the upper side and the lower side according to the design of.
  • an interlayer film 23 and a display device 25 are sandwiched between the glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22 to form a laminated body. Then, for example, this laminate is placed in a rubber bag and bonded at a temperature of about 70 to 110 ° C. in a vacuum of ⁇ 65 to ⁇ 100 kPa.
  • the heating conditions, temperature conditions, and laminating method are appropriately selected in consideration of the properties of the display device 25 so as not to deteriorate during laminating, for example.
  • this heating and pressurizing step may not be used in consideration of the simplification of the step and the characteristics of the material to be sealed in the laminated glass 20.
  • heating wire infrared reflection, light emission, power generation, dimming, touch panel, visible light reflection, as long as the effect of the present application is not impaired.
  • You may have a film or device having functions such as scattering, decoration, and absorption.
  • the functional film and device may be formed directly on the main surfaces of the glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22.
  • the total thickness of the laminated glass 20 is preferably 2.8 mm or more and 10 mm or less. When the total thickness of the laminated glass 20 is 2.8 mm or more, sufficient rigidity can be secured. Further, when the total thickness of the laminated glass 20 is 10 mm or less, sufficient transmittance can be obtained and haze can be reduced.
  • the plate deviation between the glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22 (the amount of deviation between the end portion of the glass plate 21 and the end portion of the glass plate 22 in a plan view) is preferably 1.5 mm or less. It is more preferably 1 mm or less.
  • the plate deviation between the glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22 is 1.5 mm or less on at least one side of the laminated glass 20, it is preferable in that the appearance is not impaired. It is more preferable that the plate deviation between the glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22 is 1.0 mm or less on at least one side of the laminated glass 20 in that the appearance is not impaired.
  • the structure to be sealed in the interlayer film 23 is not limited to the display device.
  • the interlayer film 23 is provided with a lighting device (LED lighting device, organic EL lighting device, warning light, etc.) and a solar cell (silicon-based, compound-based, organic-based, etc.) in place of the display device or in addition to the display device.
  • a solar power generation device, a dimming device (SPD (Suspended Particle Device), electrochromic, photochromic, thermochromic, PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal), GHLC (guest host type liquid crystal), etc.) may be enclosed. That is, the laminated glass 20 may enclose any one or more of a display device, a lighting device, a photovoltaic power generation device, and a dimming device in the interlayer film 23.
  • the cushioning property of the interlayer films 231 and 232 is improved by satisfying the equation (1). .. Therefore, in the step of manufacturing the laminated glass 20, it is possible to suppress poor deaeration (improve the exhaust property of residual air), and it is possible to suppress cracking of the glass plates 21 and 22 and the enclosed structure. As a result, high quality laminated glass 20 can be realized. The same applies to the point that it is preferable to satisfy the formula (2).
  • the window glass for a vehicle may be a double glazing in which a laminated glass 20 and at least one or more glass plates are arranged at intervals via a spacer.
  • a hollow layer is provided between the laminated glass 20 and the glass plate.
  • the hollow layer may be filled with dry air or may be filled with a rare gas such as krypton or argon. Further, the hollow layer may be in vacuum.
  • a plurality of gap holding members made of a metal material such as stainless steel are provided between the laminated glass 20 and the glass plate in the hollow layer region. It may be arranged.
  • the spacer may be made of a metal such as aluminum or a resin such as polyamide or polypropylene.
  • the laminated glass 20 may be arranged on the outside of the vehicle or on the inside of the vehicle.
  • an interlayer film 23 (intermediate films 231, 232, and 233) and a glass substrate resembling a display device 25 (for convenience, an enclosed substrate 25).
  • a laminated body was produced by sandwiching the above. Then, the laminated body was put in a rubber bag and bonded in a vacuum of ⁇ 65 to ⁇ 100 kPa at a temperature of about 70 to 110 ° C. to prepare a laminated glass. The size and the like of the produced laminated glass are as shown in FIG.
  • the sizes of the glass plates 21 and 22 were 300 mm ⁇ 300 mm ⁇ thickness 2 mm, and the size of the enclosed substrate 25 was 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm. Then, the interlayer film 23 (intermediate films 231, 232, and 233) and the encapsulating substrate 25 are sandwiched between the glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22 so that the narrowest part of the width of the interlayer film 233 is 20 mm.
  • EVA Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
  • Example 1 the film thickness ti of the interlayer films 231 and 232 and the plate thickness ts of the encapsulating substrate 25 were changed, and cracks and deaeration defects were visually evaluated.
  • the case where neither crack nor deaeration failure could be confirmed was evaluated as ⁇ , and the case where at least one of crack and deaeration failure could be confirmed was evaluated as x.
  • Table 1 summarizes the values of the film thickness ti of the interlayer films 231 and 232, the value of the plate thickness ts of the encapsulating substrate 25, and the evaluation results in Examples 1 to 18.

Abstract

本合わせガラスは、車内側ガラス板と、車外側ガラス板と、前記車内側ガラス板と前記車外側ガラス板を接合する中間膜と、前記中間膜に封入された構造体と、を有する車両用の合わせガラスであって、前記中間膜は、前記車内側ガラス板と接合する第１の中間膜と、前記車外側ガラス板と接合する第２の中間膜と、前記第１の中間膜と前記第２の中間膜の間に位置して前記構造体の外周を包囲する第３の中間膜と、を有し、前記第１の中間膜と前記第２の中間膜の何れか薄い方の膜厚をｔｉ、前記構造体の厚さをｔｓとしたときに、ｔｉ／ｔｓ≧０．４を満たし、前記構造体の曲げ弾性率をＥ１［ＭＰａ］としたときに、ｔｓとＥ１との関係が、Ｅ１×ｔｓ３≧５００を満たす。

Description

合わせガラス
　本発明は、合わせガラスに関する。
　合わせガラス内に表示装置等の構造体を封入する技術が知られている。例えば、フロントガラスとして使用される合わせガラスの周縁領域に、フラットパネルディスプレイ等を封入したもの（例えば、特許文献１参照）、ヘッドアップディスプレイの表示領域に液晶ディスプレイを封入したもの（例えば、特許文献２参照）が挙げられる。
国際公開第２０１５／０４１１０６号 特表２００９－５３４２４６号公報
　しかしながら、合わせガラスが表示装置等の構造体を有する場合、構造体を被覆する中間膜の膜厚等が適切でないと、脱気不良が生じたり、構造体やガラス板が割れたりする場合があることを発明者らは見出した。
　本発明は、上記の点に鑑みてなされたものであり、表示装置等の構造体を有する合わせガラスにおいて、脱気不良及び構造体等の割れを抑制することを目的とする。
　本合わせガラスは、車内側ガラス板と、車外側ガラス板と、前記車内側ガラス板と前記車外側ガラス板を接合する中間膜と、前記中間膜に封入された構造体と、を有する車両用の合わせガラスであって、前記中間膜は、前記車内側ガラス板と接合する第１の中間膜と、前記車外側ガラス板と接合する第２の中間膜と、前記第１の中間膜と前記第２の中間膜の間に位置して前記構造体の外周を包囲する第３の中間膜と、を有し、前記第１の中間膜と前記第２の中間膜の何れか薄い方の膜厚をｔｉ、前記構造体の厚さをｔｓとしたときに、ｔｉ／ｔｓ≧０．４を満たし、前記構造体の曲げ弾性率をＥ１［ＭＰａ］としたときに、ｔｓとＥ１との関係が、Ｅ１×ｔｓ３≧５００を満たすことを要件とする。
　開示の一実施態様によれば、表示装置等の構造体を有する合わせガラスにおいて、脱気不良及び構造体等の割れを抑制できる。
本実施形態に係る合わせガラスを例示する図である。 表示装置の厚さについて説明する断面図である。 表示装置の好適な配置について説明する図である。 表示装置と電気的に接続される配線板の端部である接続端部と、ガラス板の端部との距離について説明する図である。 サイドガラスにおける配線板の隠蔽について説明する図である。 合わせガラスの総厚分布について説明する図である。 合わせガラスの引張応力変化について説明する図である。 実施例で作製した合わせガラスの寸法ついて説明する図である。
　以下、図面を参照して発明を実施するための形態について説明する。各図面において、同一構成部分には同一符号を付し、重複した説明を省略する場合がある。又、各図面において、本発明の内容を理解しやすいように、大きさや形状を一部誇張している場合がある。
　なお、車両とは、代表的には自動車であるが、電車、船舶、航空機等を含む、ガラスを有する移動体を指すものとする。
　又、平面視とは合わせガラスの所定領域を合わせガラスの車内側の面の法線方向から視ることを指し、平面形状とは合わせガラスの所定領域を合わせガラスの車内側の面の法線方向から視た形状を指すものとする。
　図１は、本実施形態に係る合わせガラスを例示する図であり、図１（ａ）は合わせガラスを車両に取り付けて車室内から車室外に視認した様子を模式的に示している。図１（ｂ）は、図１（ａ）のＡ－Ａ線に沿う断面図である。
　図１に示すように、合わせガラス２０は、ガラス板２１と、ガラス板２２と、中間膜２３と、表示装置２５とを有する車両用の合わせガラスである。中間膜２３は、例えば、ガラス板２１と接合する中間膜２３１と、ガラス板２２と接合する中間膜２３２と、中間膜２３１と中間膜２３２の間に位置して表示装置２５の外周を包囲する中間膜２３３とを有している。中間膜２３１、２３２、及び２３３を特に区別する必要がない場合には、単に中間膜２３と称する。
　なお、図１では、合わせガラス２０を平面的に示しているが、合わせガラス２０は湾曲した形状であってもよい。又、図１では、合わせガラス２０を矩形状としているが、合わせガラス２０の平面形状は矩形状には限定されず、台形状等を含む任意の形状として構わない。合わせガラス２０は、車両用の窓ガラスとして用いられる。車両用の窓ガラスとは、例えば、車両用のフロントガラス、リアガラス、サイドガラス、ルーフガラス等である。
　ガラス板２１は、合わせガラス２０を車両に取り付けたときに車内側となる車内側ガラス板である。又、ガラス板２２は、合わせガラス２０を車両に取り付けたときに車外側となる車外側ガラス板である。ガラス板２１及び２２は、所定の曲率を有していてもよい。
　ガラス板２１とガラス板２２は互いに対向する一対のガラス板であり、中間膜２３及び表示装置２５は一対のガラス板の間に位置している。ガラス板２１とガラス板２２とは、中間膜２３及び表示装置２５を挟持した状態で固着されている。ガラス板２１、ガラス板２２、及び中間膜２３の詳細については後述する。
　なお、遮蔽層を、例えば、合わせガラス２０の周縁領域に帯状に設けてもよい。遮蔽層は、例えば、黒色顔料を含有する溶融性ガラスフリットを含むセラミックカラーペーストを塗布し、焼成することによって形成できるが、これに限定されない。遮蔽層は、黒色又は濃色顔料を含有する有機インクを塗布し、乾燥させることによって形成したものであってもよい。遮蔽層は、例えば、ガラス板２１の車内側の面２１ａに設けてもよい。但し、遮蔽層は、必要に応じ、ガラス板２２の車内側の面２２ａに設けてもよいし、ガラス板２１の車内側の面２１ａ及びガラス板２２の車内側の面２２ａの両方に設けてもよい。
　合わせガラス２０の周縁領域に不透明な遮蔽層が存在することで、合わせガラス２０の周縁領域を車体に保持するウレタン等の樹脂の紫外線による劣化を抑制できる。又、表示装置２５と電気的に接続される配線板（例えば、フレキシブルプリント基板）等を隠蔽できる。
　表示装置２５は、中間膜２３に封入された構造体の一例である。表示装置２５のガラス板２１側の面は中間膜２３１に被覆され、表示装置２５のガラス板２２側の面は中間膜２３２に被覆されている。又、表示装置２５の外周（側面）は、額縁状の中間膜２３３に被覆されている。
　中間膜２３３の幅Ｗ（額縁の幅）は５ｍｍ以上であることが好ましく、１０ｍｍ以上であることがより好ましく、２０ｍｍ以上であることが更に好ましい。中間膜２３３の幅Ｗが５ｍｍ以上であると、表示装置２５を十分に保護でき、１０ｍｍ以上、２０ｍｍ以上になるにつれて更に表示装置２５を保護する効果が大きくなる。又、表示装置２５の周囲のガラス板２１及び２２の応力変化が、面内よりも相対的に強度の弱いガラス板２１及び２２のエッジにかからないため、ガラス板２１及び２２の割れを抑制できる。
　表示装置２５の端部とガラス板２１及び２２の端部とは、必ずしも平行でなくてもよい。表示装置２５の端部とガラス板２１及び２２の端部とが平行でない場合、上記の中間膜２３３の幅Ｗ（額縁の幅）は、額縁の最も狭い部分の幅を指す。
　なお、中間膜２３の外周はエッジ処理されていることが好ましい。すなわち、中間膜２３の端部（エッジ）は、ガラス板２１及び２２の端部（エッジ）から大きく飛び出さないように処理されていることが好ましい。中間膜２３の端部のガラス板２１及び２２の端部からの飛びだし量が１５０μｍ以下であると、外観を損なわない点で好適である。但し、合わせガラス２０がサイドガラスである場合には、下辺はドアパネルにより隠蔽されるため、中間膜２３の下辺のエッジ処理は必須ではない。
　表示装置２５は、画像や文字等の情報を表示するパネル状の装置である。ここでいう情報は、特に限定されないが、例えば、車外の風景についての案内、道路交通情報、経路案内、宣伝広告等である。
　表示装置２５の種類は、特に限定されないが、例えば、液晶ディスプレイ、有機ＥＬ（Organic Electro-Luminescence）ディスプレイ、無機ＥＬ（Inorganic Electro-Luminescence）ディスプレイ、ＬＥＤ（発光ダイオード）ディスプレイ等である。表示装置２５は、例えば、ガラス製やプラスチック製の基板と、表示素子（液晶表示素子や有機ＥＬ表示素子、無機ＥＬ表示素子、ＬＥＤ素子等）とを有する。表示装置２５は、必要に応じて、基板や表示素子以外の構成要素（表示素子を被覆する保護層等）を有してもよい。表示装置２５の各構成要素は、外部を視認可能とするために透明な素材から形成されてもよい。但し、表示装置２５は、反射型であってもよい。なお、本実施形態に係る合わせガラス２０を車両に取り付けたときに、表示装置２５が画像や文字等の情報を表示する向きは、車内側であってもよいし、車外側であってもよい。
　表示装置２５は、必要に応じて、合わせガラス２０の略全体に配置してもよいし、一部のみに配置してもよい。表示装置２５の平面形状は、例えば、合わせガラス２０の平面形状よりも小さな矩形である。表示装置２５の厚さｔｓは、例えば、０．１ｍｍ以上３ｍｍ以下である。
　合わせガラス２０では、中間膜２３１の膜厚ｔ１と中間膜２３２の膜厚ｔ２の何れか薄い方の膜厚をｔｉ、表示装置２５の厚さをｔｓとしたときに、『ｔｉ／ｔｓ≧０．４』・・・（１）を満たす。すなわち、合わせガラス２０では、中間膜２３１及び２３２のうち薄い方の膜厚ｔｉは、表示装置２５の厚さｔｓの０．４倍以上である。
　式（１）を満たすことで、中間膜２３１及び２３２のクッション性が向上する。本発明の合わせガラス２０を得るには、詳細については後述するが、ガラス板２１、中間膜２３１、表示装置２５及び中間膜２３３、中間膜２３２、ガラス板２２の順に重ね合わせた積層体を準備し、例えばゴムバッグ等に積層体を入れ、ゴムバッグ内を減圧吸引（脱気処理）しながら加熱して予備圧着し、この予備圧着された積層体をオートクレーブの中に入れて加熱及び加圧し、本接着（本圧着）を行う。
　本発明において、式（１）を満たすと、中間膜２３１及び２３２のクッション性が向上する。そのため、合わせガラス２０を作製する工程において、脱気不良を抑制（残留空気の排気性を向上）できると共に、ガラス板２１及び２２並びに表示装置２５の割れを抑制できる。その結果、高品質な合わせガラス２０を実現できる。
　特に、湾曲したガラス板２１及び２２との間に湾曲していない表示装置２５を挟む場合のように、ガラス板２１及び２２と表示装置２５との曲げ形状が異なる場合に、脱気不良やガラス板２１及び２２や、表示装置２５の割れの抑制に関し、大きな効果を発揮する。
　又、表示装置２５の厚さｔｓに対する中間膜２３１及び２３２のうち薄い方の膜厚ｔｉが、『ｔｉ／ｔｓ≧０．６』・・・（２）を満たすことがより好ましい。すなわち、中間膜２３１及び２３２のうち薄い方の膜厚ｔｉは、表示装置２５の厚さｔｓの０．６倍以上であることがより好ましい。
　式（２）を満たすことで、中間膜２３１及び２３２のクッション性が更に向上する。そのため、上記の脱気不良や、ガラス板２１及び２２、表示装置２５の割れを抑制する効果を更に向上できる。
　又、表示装置２５の厚さをｔｓ［ｍｍ］、曲げ弾性率をＥ１［ＭＰａ］としたときに、ｔｓとＥ１との関係が、Ｅ１×ｔｓ３≧５００を満たす剛性の高い表示装置２５を中間膜２３に封入する場合に、脱気不良や、ガラス板２１及び２２、表示装置２５の割れを抑制する観点から式（１）を満たすことが有効であり、式（２）を満たすことが更に有効である。
　又、Ｅ１×ｔｓ３≧１０００を満たす更に剛性の高い表示装置２５を中間膜２３に封入する場合ほど、脱気不良や、ガラス板２１及び２２、表示装置２５の割れを抑制する観点から特に式（２）を満たすことが有効である。例えば、表示装置２５がプラスチック製の基板を有する場合のように、表示装置２５の剛性が比較的低い場合には、式（１）を満たせば十分である。一方、表示装置２５がガラス製の基板を有する場合のように、表示装置２５の剛性が比較的高い場合には、式（２）を満たすことが有効である。
　すなわち、表示装置２５がプラスチック製の基板から構成され、表示装置２５の曲げ弾性率が１００ＭＰａ以上となる場合は、本発明の合わせガラス２０の構成が式（１）を満たすことにより、脱気不良や、ガラス板２１及び２２、表示装置２５の割れを抑制する構造にできる。
　又、表示装置２５がポリカーボネート製等の基板から構成され、表示装置２５の曲げ弾性率が１ＧＰａ以上となる場合や、表示装置２５がガラス製の基板から構成され、表示装置２５の曲げ弾性率が１０ＧＰａ以上となる場合は、本発明の合わせガラス２０の構成が式（２）を満たすことにより、脱気不良や、ガラス板２１及び２２、表示装置２５の割れを抑制する構造にできる。
　なお、本願における曲げ弾性率Ｅ１は「ＡＳＴＭ　Ｄ７９０」に準拠した方法で測定できる。
　なお、表示装置２５には様々な形状があるが、表示装置２５の厚さｔｓは、図２に示すように、突起部を含まない部分の平均の厚さとする。
　例えば、図２（ａ）に示す表示装置２５Ａに示すように、大きさの異なる複数の層が積層されている場合、厚さｔｓは表示装置２５Ａに含まれる各層の合計の平均の厚さである。又、図２（ｂ）に示す表示装置２５Ｂに示すように、大きさが同じ複数の層が積層されている場合、厚さｔｓは表示装置２５Ｂに含まれる各層の合計の平均の厚さである。又、図２（ｃ）に示す表示装置２５Ｃに示すように、突起部が存在する場合、厚さｔｓは表示装置２５Ｃの突起部を除く部分の平均の厚さである。突起部は、例えば、表面実装用のＬＥＤ等である。
　図３は、表示装置の好適な配置について説明する図であり、合わせガラスを車両に取り付けて車室内から車室外に視認した様子を模式的に示している。図３（ａ）及び図３（ｂ）において、紙面上側は車両のルーフ側であり、紙面下側は車両の床側である。
　合わせガラス２０がフロントガラス又はリアガラスである場合は、図３（ａ）に示すように、表示装置２５の長手方向が、合わせガラス２０を車両に取り付けた場合の上下方向に向くように、表示装置２５を配置することが好ましい。フロントガラスやリアガラスは傾斜した状態で車両に取り付けるため、図３（ａ）の配置の方が図３（ｂ）の配置よりも透視歪を低減できる。
　これに対し、合わせガラス２０がサイドガラスである場合は、図３（ｂ）に示すように、表示装置２５の長手方向が、合わせガラス２０を車両に取り付けた場合の左右方向に向くように、表示装置２５を配置することが好ましい。サイドガラスの場合には車両の搭乗者が横向きに視認するため、図３（ｂ）の配置の方が図３（ａ）の配置よりも透視歪を低減できる。
　但し、ここでいう上下方向及び左右方向は、厳密な意味での上下方向及び左右方向ではなく、透視歪が目立たなくなる効果を損なわない範囲で上下方向又は左右方向に対して表示装置２５が斜めに配置される場合も含むものとする。
　図４は、表示装置と電気的に接続される配線板の端部である接続端部と、ガラス板の端部との距離について説明する図であり、合わせガラスを車両に取り付けて車室内から車室外に視認した様子を模式的に示している。
　前述のように、中間膜２３３の幅Ｗは５ｍｍ以上であることが好ましい。しかし、図４（ａ）に示すように、表示装置２５がガラス板２１及び２２の端部近傍に配置される場合や、図４（ｂ）に示すように、表示装置２５の一部がガラス板２１及び２２の端部からはみ出して配置される場合もある。図４（ａ）や図４（ｂ）の場合、中間膜２３３の幅Ｗは部分的に０ｍｍとなる。
　合わせガラス２０がサイドガラスである場合には、表示装置２５とガラス板２１及び２２との位置関係が図３（ａ）や図３（ｂ）に示すようになる場合がある。この場合、合わせガラス２０の単体では、表示装置２５全体が合わせガラス２０の外周から５ｍｍ以上離間する位置に配置されており、表示装置２５に接続される配線板３０（例えば、フレキシブルプリント基板）は、合わせガラス２０の平面視において、視認可能な位置に配置されている。しかし、配線板３０を合わせガラス２０の下辺から取り出すことで、配線板３０近傍をドアパネルにより隠蔽できるため、合わせガラス２０を車両に搭載後は外観上の問題はない。
　すなわち、図５に示すように合わせガラス２０が上下方向に摺動可能なサイドガラスである場合、ドアパネルの内部には、合わせガラス２０を窓枠１３０に沿って上下に摺動させるためのウインドウレギュレーター１２０やホルダ１２７が配置されている。
　合わせガラス２０の上辺１０２は、サイドガラスの開放時に露出する辺である。合わせガラス２０の下辺１０３にはホルダ１２７が装着され、ウインドウレギュレーター１２０の昇降レール１２３に取り付けられる。
　そして、合わせガラス２０（サイドガラス）が完全に上まで閉まっている状態においても、サイドガラスのベルトラインＢＬ（サイドガラスとドアパネルとの境界線）よりも下側はドアパネル内に位置するため、露出しない。
　そのため、合わせガラス２０内において、図５（ａ）に示すように、表示装置２５全体が合わせガラス２０の外周から５ｍｍ以上離間する位置に配置されていても、表示装置２５の下辺がベルトラインＢＬ上に位置するように配置すれば、表示装置２５の下辺から配線板３０を取り出したとしても、合わせガラス２０を車両のドアに組み込んだ場合、配線板３０は視認できない。
　或いは、合わせガラス２０内において、図５（ｂ）に示すように、表示装置２５全体が合わせガラス２０の外周から５ｍｍ以上離間する位置に配置されていても、表示装置２５の下辺がベルトラインＢＬよりも下側（ドアパネル内）に位置するように配置すれば、表示装置２５の下辺から配線板３０を取り出したとしても、合わせガラス２０を車両のドアに組み込んだ場合、配線板３０は視認できない。
　なお、図５（ａ）及び図５（ｂ）の何れの場合も、車両に取り付ける前の合わせガラス２０単体では配線板３０が視認可能な位置に配置されているが、合わせガラス２０を車両のドアに組み込んだ場合は、配線板３０は視認できないため、外観を損なう恐れはない。
　又、合わせガラス２０がサイドガラスである場合、配線板３０を合わせガラス２０の下辺から取り出すことで、車両に搭載された合わせガラスが上下に摺動したときに、配線板３０が他の部材に噛みこむことを防止できる。
　図４の説明に戻り、図４（ａ）及び図４（ｂ）の場合、平面視において、配線板３０が表示装置２５と接続される端部である接続端部３０ｅとガラス板２１の端部２１ｅとの距離Ｌ１が１ｍｍ以上であり、かつ、配線板３０の接続端部３０ｅとガラス板２２の端部２２ｅとの距離Ｌ１が１ｍｍ以上であることが好ましい。
　図４（ａ）の場合は、配線板３０の接続端部３０ｅを、ガラス板２１の端部２１ｅ及びガラス板２２の端部２２ｅに対してガラス板２１及び２２の内側にずらしている。又、図４（ｂ）の場合は、配線板３０の接続端部３０ｅを、ガラス板２１の端部２１ｅ及びガラス板２２の端部２２ｅに対してガラス板２１及び２２の外側にずらしている。図４（ａ）及び図４（ｂ）の何れの場合も、距離Ｌ１が１ｍｍ以上であると、配線板３０に含まれる配線の断線を防止できる。
　図６は、合わせガラスの総厚分布について説明する図であり、合わせガラスを車両に取り付けて車室内から車室外に視認した様子を模式的に示している。
　図６において、二点鎖線Ｐ１は、表示装置２５の端部２５ｅから平面視でＬ２＝１０ｍｍ内側の位置を示している。又、二点鎖線Ｐ２は、表示装置２５の端部２５ｅから平面視でＬ３＝１０ｍｍ外側の位置を示している。
　このとき、二点鎖線Ｐ１の位置から二点鎖線Ｐ２の位置までの領域Ｒ１（すなわち、表示装置２５の端部２５ｅから平面視で±１０ｍｍの領域Ｒ１）において、合わせガラス２０の総厚の変化量が±１００μｍ以下であることが好ましい。これにより、表示装置２５の端部２５ｅ近傍における合わせガラス２０の厚み分布が低減されるため、表示装置２５の端部２５ｅ近傍における透視歪の悪化を抑制できる。
　又、二点鎖線Ｐ１の位置から二点鎖線Ｐ２の位置までにおいて、合わせガラス２０の総厚の変化量が±７０μｍ以下であることがより好ましい。これにより、表示装置２５の端部２５ｅ近傍における合わせガラス２０の厚み分布が更に低減されるため、表示装置２５の端部２５ｅ近傍における透視歪の悪化を更に抑制できる。
　図７は、合わせガラスの引張応力変化について説明する図であり、合わせガラスを車両に取り付けて車室内から車室外に視認した様子を模式的に示している。図７において、二点鎖線Ｐ２は、表示装置２５の端部２５ｅから平面視でＬ３＝１０ｍｍ外側の位置を示している。
　このとき、表示装置２５の端部２５ｅの位置から二点鎖線Ｐ２の位置までの領域Ｒ２（すなわち、表示装置２５の端部２５ｅから平面視で外側に１０ｍｍの領域Ｒ２）において、合わせガラス２０の引張応力変化は１ＭＰａ以上３０ＭＰａ以下であることが好ましい。これにより、ガラス板２１及び２２並びに表示装置２５に過大な応力がかかって割れるおそれを低減できる。なお、合わせガラス２０の引張応力変化とは、合わせガラス２０の内側に位置するガラス板２１の車内側の表面、若しくは、合わせガラス２０の外側に位置するガラス板２２の車外側の表面の少なくとも一方、若しくは両方の表面に生じる引張応力変化を意味する。
　又、領域Ｒ２において、合わせガラス２０の引張応力変化は、１ＭＰａ以上２０ＭＰａ以下であることがより好ましく、１ＭＰａ以上１０ＭＰａ以下であることが更に好ましい。合わせガラス２０の引張応力変化が１ＭＰａ以上２０ＭＰａ以下、１ＭＰａ以上１０ＭＰａ以下になるにつれて、ガラス板２１及び２２並びに表示装置２５が割れるおそれを更に低減できる。なお、合わせガラス２０の引張応力変化は、光弾性等を用いた表面応力計により求められる。
　ここで、ガラス板２１、ガラス板２２、及び中間膜２３について詳述する。
　ガラス板２１及び２２は、無機ガラスであっても有機ガラスであってもよい。無機ガラスとしては、例えば、ソーダライムガラス、アルミノシリケートガラス、ホウ珪酸ガラス、無アルカリガラス、石英ガラス等が特に制限なく用いられる。これらのうちでも、製造コスト、成形性の点からソーダライムガラスが特に好ましい。
　無機ガラスは、未強化ガラス、強化ガラスの何れでもよい。未強化ガラスは、溶融ガラスを板状に成形し、徐冷したものである。強化ガラスは、未強化ガラスの表面に圧縮応力層を形成したものである。
　強化ガラスは、物理強化ガラス（例えば風冷強化ガラス）、化学強化ガラスの何れでもよい。物理強化ガラスである場合は、曲げ成形において均一に加熱したガラス板を軟化点付近の温度から急冷させるなど、徐冷以外の操作により、ガラス表面とガラス内部との温度差によってガラス表面に圧縮応力層を生じさせることで、ガラス表面を強化してもよい。
　化学強化ガラスである場合は、曲げ成形の後、イオン交換法等によってガラス表面に圧縮応力を生じさせることでガラス表面を強化してもよい。又、紫外線又は赤外線を吸収するガラスを用いてもよく、更に、透明であることが好ましいが、透明性を損なわない程度に着色されたガラス板であってもよい。
　一方、有機ガラスの材料としては、ポリカーボネート、アクリル樹脂（例えば、ポリメチルメタクリレート）、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリスチレン等の透明樹脂が挙げられる。
　ガラス板２１及び２２の形状は、特に矩形状に限定されるものではなく、種々の形状及び曲率に加工された形状であってもよい。ガラス板２１及び２２の曲げ成形としては、重力成形、又はプレス成形、ローラー成形等が用いられる。ガラス板２１及び２２の成形法についても特に限定されないが、例えば、無機ガラスの場合はフロート法等により成形されたガラス板が好ましい。
　合わせガラス２０の外側に位置するガラス板２２の板厚は、最薄部が１．８ｍｍ以上３ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。ガラス板２２の板厚が１．８ｍｍ以上であると、耐飛び石性能等の強度が十分であり、３ｍｍ以下であると、合わせガラスの質量が大きくなり過ぎず、車両の燃費の点で好ましい。ガラス板２２の板厚は、最薄部が１．８ｍｍ以上２．８ｍｍ以下がより好ましく、１．８ｍｍ以上２．６ｍｍ以下が更に好ましい。
　合わせガラス２０の内側に位置するガラス板２１の板厚は、０．３ｍｍ以上２．３ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。ガラス板２１の板厚が０．３ｍｍ以上であることによりハンドリング性がよく、２．３ｍｍ以下であることによりの質量が大きくなり過ぎない。
　ガラス板２１及び／又は２２は、一定の板厚ではなく、必要に応じて場所毎に板厚が変わっても良い。例えば、合わせガラス２０がフロントガラスである場合、ガラス板２１及び２２の何れか一方、又は両方は、フロントガラスを車両に取り付けた状態でフロントガラスの下辺から上辺に向かうにつれて板厚が厚くなる楔形状であってもよい。この場合、中間膜２３の膜厚が一定であれば、ガラス板２１とガラス板２２の合計の楔角は、例えば、０ｍｒａｄより大きく１．０ｍｒａｄ以下の範囲で変化する。
　ガラス板２１及び／又は２２の外側に撥水、紫外線、赤外線カットの機能を有する被膜や、低反射特性、低放射特性を有する被膜を設けてもよい。又、ガラス板２１及び／又は２２の内側（中間膜２３と接する側）に、紫外線や赤外線カット、低放射特性、可視光吸収、着色等の被膜を設けてもよい。
　ガラス板２１及び２２が無機ガラスの場合は、例えば、フロート法等による成形の後、中間膜２３による接着前に、曲げ成形される。曲げ成形は、ガラスを加熱により軟化させて行われる。曲げ成形時のガラスの加熱温度は、大凡５５０℃～７００℃である。
　ガラス板２１とガラス板２２とを接着する中間膜２３としては熱可塑性樹脂が多く用いられ、例えば、可塑化ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂、可塑化ポリ塩化ビニル系樹脂、飽和ポリエステル系樹脂、可塑化飽和ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂、可塑化ポリウレタン系樹脂、エチレン－酢酸ビニル共重合体系樹脂、エチレン－エチルアクリレート共重合体系樹脂、シクロオレフィンポリマー樹脂、アイオノマー樹脂等の従来からこの種の用途に用いられている熱可塑性樹脂が挙げられる。又、特許第６０６５２２１号に記載されている変性ブロック共重合体水素化物を含有する樹脂組成物も好適に使用できる。
　これらの中でも、透明性、耐候性、強度、接着力、耐貫通性、衝撃エネルギー吸収性、耐湿性、遮熱性、及び遮音性等の諸性能のバランスに優れることから、可塑化ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂が好適に用いられる。これらの熱可塑性樹脂は、単独で用いてもよいし、２種類以上を併用してもよい。上記可塑化ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂における「可塑化」とは、可塑剤の添加により可塑化されていることを意味する。その他の可塑化樹脂についても同様である。
　但し、表示装置の種類によっては特定の可塑剤により劣化することがあり、その場合には、その可塑剤を実質的に含有していない樹脂を用いることが好ましい。つまり、中間膜２３が可塑剤を含まないことが好ましい場合がある。可塑剤を含有していない樹脂としては、例えば、エチレン－酢酸ビニル共重合体系樹脂等が挙げられる。
　上記ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂としては、ポリビニルアルコール（以下、必要に応じて「ＰＶＡ」と言うこともある）とホルムアルデヒドとを反応させて得られるポリビニルホルマール樹脂、ＰＶＡとアセトアルデヒドとを反応させて得られる狭義のポリビニルアセタール系樹脂、ＰＶＡとｎ－ブチルアルデヒドとを反応させて得られるポリビニルブチラール樹脂（以下、必要に応じて「ＰＶＢ」と言うこともある）等が挙げられ、特に、透明性、耐候性、強度、接着力、耐貫通性、衝撃エネルギー吸収性、耐湿性、遮熱性、及び遮音性等の諸性能のバランスに優れることから、ＰＶＢが好適なものとして挙げられる。なお、これらのポリビニルアセタール系樹脂は、単独で用いてもよいし、２種類以上を併用してもよい。
　但し、中間膜２３を形成する材料は、熱可塑性樹脂には限定されない。又、中間膜２３は、赤外線吸収剤、紫外線吸収剤、発光剤等の機能性粒子を含んでもよい。又、中間膜２３は、シェードバンドと呼ばれる着色部を有しもよい。
　又、中間膜２３に含まれる中間膜２３１、２３２、及び２３３は、全て同一の材料で形成することが望ましいが、中間膜２３１、２３２、及び２３３の一部又は全部を異なる材料で形成してもよい。例えば、中間膜２３３のせん断弾性率が、中間膜２３１、２３２のせん断弾性率よりも小さい材料であってもよい。中間膜２３３のせん断弾性率が、中間膜２３１、２３２のせん断弾性率よりも小さい場合、合わせガラス２０の遮音性を向上できる。なお、中間膜２３１のせん断弾性率が、中間膜２３２、２３３のせん断弾性率よりも小さい場合であっても合わせガラス２０の遮音性を向上できるし、中間膜２３２のせん断弾性率が、中間膜２３１、２３３のせん断弾性率よりも小さい場合であっても合わせガラス２０の遮音性を向上できる。但し、ガラス板２１及び２２との接着性、或いは合わせガラス２０の中に入れ込む機能材料等の観点から、中間膜２３の膜厚の５０％以上は上記の材料を使うことが望ましい。
　中間膜２３の膜厚は、最薄部で０．５ｍｍ以上であることが好ましい。中間膜２３の膜厚が０．５ｍｍ以上であると合わせガラスとして必要な耐貫通性が十分となる。又、中間膜２３の膜厚は、最厚部で３ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。中間膜２３の膜厚の最大値が３ｍｍ以下であると、合わせガラスの質量が大きくなり過ぎない。中間膜２３の最大値は２．８ｍｍ以下がより好ましく、２．６ｍｍ以下が更に好ましい。
　中間膜２３は、ヘッドアップディスプレイに用いられる中間膜のように、一定の膜厚ではなく、必要に応じて場所毎に膜厚が変わっても良い。例えば、合わせガラス２０がフロントガラスである場合、中間膜２３は、フロントガラスを車両に取り付けた状態でフロントガラスの下辺から上辺に向かうにつれて膜厚が厚くなる楔形状であってもよい。この場合、ガラス板２１及び２２の膜厚が一定であれば、中間膜２３の楔角は、例えば、０ｍｒａｄより大きく１．０ｍｒａｄ以下の範囲で変化する。
　なお、中間膜２３は、４層以上の層を有していてもよい。例えば、中間膜を４層以上から形成し、両側の層を除く何れかの層のせん断弾性率を可塑剤の調整等により両側の層のせん断弾性率よりも小さくすることにより、合わせガラス２０の遮音性を向上できる。この場合、両側の層のせん断弾性率は同じでもよいし、異なってもよい。
　中間膜２３を作製するには、例えば、中間膜となる上記の樹脂材料を適宜選択し、押出機を用い、加熱溶融状態で押し出し成形する。押出機の押出速度等の押出条件は均一となるように設定する。その後、押し出し成形された樹脂膜を、のデザインに合わせて、上辺及び下辺に曲率を持たせるために、例えば必要に応じ伸展することで、中間膜２３が完成する。
　合わせガラス２０を作製するには、ガラス板２１とガラス板２２との間に、中間膜２３、表示装置２５を挟んで積層体とする。そして、例えば、この積層体をゴム袋の中に入れ、－６５～－１００ｋＰａの真空中で温度約７０～１１０℃で接着する。加熱条件、温度条件、積層方法は表示装置２５の性質に配慮して、例えば積層中に劣化しないように適宜選択される。
　更に、例えば１００～１５０℃、圧力０．６～１．３ＭＰａの条件で加熱加圧する圧着処理を行うことで、より耐久性の優れた合わせガラス２０を得られる。但し、場合によっては工程の簡略化、並びに合わせガラス２０中に封入する材料の特性を考慮して、この加熱加圧工程を使用しない場合もある。
　ガラス板２１とガラス板２２との間に、本願の効果を損なわない範囲で、中間膜２３及び表示装置２５の他に、電熱線、赤外線反射、発光、発電、調光、タッチパネル、可視光反射、散乱、加飾、吸収等の機能を持つフィルムやデバイスを有してもよい。上記機能性フィルム及びデバイスは、ガラス板２１、ガラス板２２の主面上に直接形成されてもよい。
　合わせガラス２０の総厚は、２．８ｍｍ以上１０ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。合わせガラス２０の総厚が２．８ｍｍ以上であれば、十分な剛性を確保できる。又、合わせガラス２０の総厚が１０ｍｍ以下であれば、十分な透過率が得られると共にヘイズを低減できる。
　合わせガラス２０の少なくとも１辺において、ガラス板２１とガラス板２２の板ずれ（平面視におけるガラス板２１の端部とガラス板２２の端部のずれ量）が１．５ｍｍ以下であることが好ましく、１ｍｍ以下であることがより好ましい。合わせガラス２０の少なくとも１辺において、ガラス板２１とガラス板２２の板ずれが１．５ｍｍ以下であると、外観を損なわない点で好適である。合わせガラス２０の少なくとも１辺において、ガラス板２１とガラス板２２の板ずれが１．０ｍｍ以下であると、外観を損なわない点で更に好適である。
　以上の説明では、合わせガラス２０の中間膜２３に表示装置２５を封入する例を示したが、中間膜２３に封入する構造体は、表示装置には限定されない。中間膜２３に、表示装置に代えて、或いは表示装置に加えて、照明装置（ＬＥＤ照明装置、有機ＥＬ照明装置、警告灯等）や太陽電池（シリコン系、化合物系、有機系等）を備える太陽光発電装置、調光装置（ＳＰＤ（Suspended Particle Device）、エレクトロクロミック、フォトクロミック、サーモクロミック、ＰＤＬＣ（高分子分散型液晶）、ＧＨＬＣ（ゲストホスト型液晶）等）を封入してもよい。すなわち、合わせガラス２０は、中間膜２３に、表示装置、照明装置、太陽光発電装置、調光装置の何れか１つ以上を封入してもよい。
　中間膜２３に、表示装置、照明装置、太陽光発電装置、調光装置の何れの構造体を封入した場合も、式（１）を満たすことで、中間膜２３１及び２３２のクッション性が向上する。そのため、合わせガラス２０を作製する工程において、脱気不良を抑制（残留空気の排気性を向上）できると共に、ガラス板２１及び２２並びに封入した構造体の割れを抑制できる。その結果、高品質な合わせガラス２０を実現できる。式（２）を満たすことが好ましい点等についても同様である。
　なお、車両用の窓ガラスは、合わせガラス２０と少なくとも１枚以上のガラス板とを、スペーサーを介して間隔を有して配置される複層ガラスとしてもよい。車両用の窓ガラスが複層ガラスである場合、合わせガラス２０とガラス板との間には中空層が設けられる。中空層には、乾燥空気が充填されていてもよいし、クリプトンやアルゴンなどの希ガスが充填されていてもよい。また、中空層は真空であってもよい。中空層が真空である場合、合わせガラス２０とガラス板との間隙を保持するために、中空層領域においてステンレス鋼などの金属材料からなる間隙保持部材を合わせガラス２０とガラス板との間に複数配置してもよい。スペーサーは、アルミニウムなどの金属製でもよいし、ポリアミドやポリプロピレンなどの樹脂製であってもよい。車両用の窓ガラスが複層ガラスである場合、合わせガラス２０が車外側に配置されてもよいし、車内側に配置されてもよい。
　〈実施例〉
　以下、実施例について説明するが、本発明は、これらの実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
　例１～例１８では、ガラス板２１とガラス板２２との間に、中間膜２３（中間膜２３１、２３２、及び２３３）と、表示装置２５に見立てたガラス製の基板（便宜上、封入基板２５とする）とを挟んで積層体を作製した。そして、積層体をゴム袋の中に入れ、－６５～－１００ｋＰａの真空中で温度約７０～１１０℃で接着し、合わせガラスを作製した。作製した合わせガラスのサイズ等は、図８に示す通りである。
　図８に示すように、ガラス板２１及び２２のサイズは３００ｍｍ×３００ｍｍ×厚み２ｍｍ、封入基板２５のサイズは１００ｍｍ×１００ｍｍとした。そして、中間膜２３３の幅の最も狭い所が２０ｍｍになるように、ガラス板２１とガラス板２２との間に中間膜２３（中間膜２３１、２３２、及び２３３）及び封入基板２５を挟んだ。
　なお、中間膜２３１、２３２、及び２３３の材料としてはＥＶＡ（Ethylene Vinyl Acetate）を用い、中間膜２３１と中間膜２３２の膜厚は同じにした（中間膜２３１の膜厚＝中間膜２３２の膜厚＝ｔｉ）。
　例１～例１８では、中間膜２３１及び２３２の膜厚ｔｉと、封入基板２５の板厚ｔｓを変えて、割れと脱気不良の目視による評価を行った。評価では、割れも脱気不良も確認できなかった場合を〇、割れと脱気不良の少なくとも一方が確認できた場合を×とした。例１～例１８における中間膜２３１及び２３２の膜厚ｔｉの値、封入基板２５の板厚ｔｓの値、及び評価結果を表１にまとめた。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 　表1に示すように、ｔｉ／ｔｓ≧０．６を満たす場合は、割れも脱気不良も確認できなかった。これに対して、ｔｉ／ｔｓ≧０．６を満たさない場合（すなわち、ｔｉ／ｔｓ＜０．６を満たす場合）は、割れと脱気不良の少なくとも一方が確認できた。
　すなわち、合わせガラスにおいて、中間膜にガラス板のような比較的剛性の高い構造体を封入する場合、ｔｉ／ｔｓ≧０．６を満たすことで、割れや脱気不良を抑制できることが確認できた。なお、ｔｉやｔｓの測定方法としては、光の干渉を用いたレーザ厚み測定や、合わせガラスを切り、当該断面を顕微鏡で測定する方法が考えられる。
　以上、好ましい実施形態等について詳説したが、上述した実施形態等に制限されることはなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された範囲を逸脱することなく、上述した実施形態等に種々の変形及び置換を加えることができる。
　本国際出願は２０１９年３月１３日に出願した日本国特許出願２０１９－０４６１０６号に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、日本国特許出願２０１９－０４６１０６号の全内容を本国際出願に援用する。
２０　合わせガラス
２１、２２　ガラス板
２１ａ、２２ａ　面
２１ｅ、２２ｅ、２５ｅ　端部（エッジ）
２３、２３１、２３２、２３３　中間膜
２５　表示装置
３０　配線板
３０ｅ　接続端部

Claims (15)

  1. 　車内側ガラス板と、車外側ガラス板と、前記車内側ガラス板と前記車外側ガラス板を接合する中間膜と、前記中間膜に封入された構造体と、を有する車両用の合わせガラスであって、
    　前記中間膜は、前記車内側ガラス板と接合する第１の中間膜と、前記車外側ガラス板と接合する第２の中間膜と、前記第１の中間膜と前記第２の中間膜の間に位置して前記構造体の外周を包囲する第３の中間膜と、を有し、
    　前記第１の中間膜と前記第２の中間膜の何れか薄い方の膜厚をｔｉ、前記構造体の厚さをｔｓとしたときに、ｔｉ／ｔｓ≧０．４を満たし、
    　前記構造体の曲げ弾性率をＥ１［ＭＰａ］としたときに、ｔｓとＥ１との関係が、Ｅ１×ｔｓ３≧５００を満たす合わせガラス。
  2. 　前記第１の中間膜と前記第２の中間膜の何れか薄い方の膜厚をｔｉ、前記構造体の厚さをｔｓとしたときに、ｔｉ／ｔｓ≧０．６を満たす請求項１に記載の合わせガラス。
  3. 　前記構造体の曲げ弾性率が、１００ＭＰａ以上である請求項１又は２に記載の合わせガラス。
  4. 　前記構造体の曲げ弾性率が、１ＧＰａ以上である請求項１又は２に記載の合わせガラス。
  5. 　前記構造体の曲げ弾性率が、１０ＧＰａ以上である請求項１又は２に記載の合わせガラス。
  6. 　前記車内側ガラス板及び前記車外側ガラス板と前記構造体との曲げ形状が異なる請求項１乃至５の何れ一項に記載の合わせガラス。
  7. 　前記構造体の端部から平面視で１０ｍｍ内側の位置から、前記構造体の端部から平面視で１０ｍｍ外側の位置までの領域において、前記合わせガラスの総厚の変化量が±１００μｍ以下である請求項１乃至６の何れ一項に記載の合わせガラス。
  8. 　前記第３の中間膜の幅が５ｍｍ以上である請求項１乃至７の何れ一項に記載の合わせガラス。
  9. 　前記構造体は、前記構造体と電気的に接続される配線板を有し、
    　平面視において、前記配線板が前記構造体と接続される接続端部と前記車内側ガラス板の端部との距離が１ｍｍ以上であり、かつ、前記接続端部と前記車外側ガラス板の端部との距離が１ｍｍ以上である請求項１乃至８の何れ一項に記載の合わせガラス。
  10. 　前記配線板は該合わせガラスの平面視において、視認可能な位置に配置されている請求項９に記載の合わせガラス。
  11. 　該合わせガラスの総厚が、２．８ｍｍ以上１０ｍｍ以下である請求項１乃至１０の何れ一項に記載の合わせガラス。
  12. 　前記構造体は、表示装置である、請求項１乃至１１の何れ一項に記載の合わせガラス。
  13. 　前記構造体は、照明装置である、請求項１乃至１１の何れ一項に記載の合わせガラス。
  14. 　前記構造体は、太陽光発電装置である、請求項１乃至１１の何れ一項に記載の合わせガラス。
  15. 　前記構造体は、調光装置である、請求項１乃至１１の何れ一項に記載の合わせガラス。
PCT/JP2020/004747 2019-03-13 2020-02-07 合わせガラス WO2020184014A1 (ja)

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