CN113518765B - 夹层玻璃 - Google Patents

夹层玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113518765B
CN113518765B CN202080018168.9A CN202080018168A CN113518765B CN 113518765 B CN113518765 B CN 113518765B CN 202080018168 A CN202080018168 A CN 202080018168A CN 113518765 B CN113518765 B CN 113518765B
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China
Prior art keywords
laminated glass
glass
display device
glass plate
vehicle
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Active
Application number
CN202080018168.9A
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English (en)
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CN113518765A (zh
Inventor
定金骏介
林英明
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGC Inc
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Asahi Glass Co Ltd
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Publication of CN113518765A publication Critical patent/CN113518765A/zh
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    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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Abstract

本夹层玻璃是具有车内侧玻璃板、车外侧玻璃板、接合所述车内侧玻璃板和所述车外侧玻璃板的中间膜、和被封入所述中间膜的结构体的车辆用夹层玻璃，其中，所述中间膜具备与所述车内侧玻璃板接合的第1中间膜、与所述车外侧玻璃板接合的第2中间膜、和位于所述第1中间膜和所述第2中间膜之间的包围所述结构体的外周的第3中间膜，以所述第1中间膜和所述第2中间膜的任一膜厚较薄的一方的膜厚为ti、所述结构体的厚度为ts时，满足ti/ts≥0.4，以所述结构体的弯曲弹性模量为E1[MPa]时，ts和E1的关系满足E1×ts3≥500。

Description

夹层玻璃
技术领域
本发明涉及夹层玻璃。
背景技术
已知在夹层玻璃内封入显示装置等结构体的技术。例如，在作为前窗玻璃使用的夹层玻璃的周缘区域封入平板显示器等的技术(例如，参考专利文献1)、在抬头显示器的显示区域封入液晶显示器的技术(例如，参考专利文献2)。
现有技术文献
专利文献1：国际公开第2015/041106号
专利文献2：日本专利特表2009-534246号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
但是，夹层玻璃具备显示装置等结构体时，本发明者们发现如果被覆结构体的中间膜的膜厚等不合适，则会有脱气不良或结构体及玻璃板破裂的情况发生。
本发明是鉴于以上问题而完成的发明，其目的是抑制具备显示装置等结构体的夹层玻璃中的脱气不良及结构体等的破裂。
解决技术问题所采用的技术方案
本夹层玻璃是具有车内侧玻璃板、车外侧玻璃板、接合所述车内侧玻璃板和所述车外侧玻璃板的中间膜、和被封入所述中间膜的结构体的夹层玻璃，其中，所述中间膜具备与所述车内侧玻璃板接合的第1中间膜、与所述车外侧玻璃板接合的第2中间膜、和位于所述第1中间膜和所述第2中间膜之间的包围所述结构体的外周的第3中间膜，以所述第1中间膜和所述第2中间膜的任一膜厚较薄的一方的膜厚为ti、所述结构体的厚度为ts时，满足ti/ts≥0.4，以所述结构体的弯曲弹性模量为E1[MPa]时，ts和E1的关系满足E1×ts3≥500。
发明效果
通过所揭示的一个实施方式，能够抑制具备显示装置等结构体的夹层玻璃中的脱气不良及结构体等的破裂。
附图说明
图1是对本实施方式的夹层玻璃进行例示的图。
图2是对显示装置的厚度进行说明的剖视图。
图3是对显示装置的合适配置进行说明的图。
图4是对作为与显示装置电连接的配线板的端部的连接端部和玻璃板的端部之间的距离进行说明的图。
图5是对侧窗玻璃的配线板的遮蔽情况进行说明的图。
图6是对夹层玻璃的总厚度分布进行说明的图。
图7是对夹层玻璃的拉伸应力变化进行说明的图。
图8是对实施例所制得的夹层玻璃的尺寸进行说明的图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图对发明的实施方式进行详细说明。各图中，对于相同构成部分标记相同的符号，有时省略重复说明。另外，各图中，为了便于理解本发明的内容，有时会夸张显示一部分尺寸或形状。
这里，作为车辆，具有代表性的是汽车，但也指包括电力动车、船舶、飞机等在内的具有玻璃的移动体。
另外，俯视是指从夹层玻璃的车内侧的面的法线方向看夹层玻璃的规定区域，平面形状是指从夹层玻璃的车内侧的面的法线方向看到的夹层玻璃的规定区域的形状。
图1是对本实施方式的夹层玻璃进行例示的图，图1(a)示意性地显示了将夹层玻璃安装于车辆后从车内向车外看时的情形，图1(b)是沿图1(a)的A-A线的剖视图。
如图1所示，夹层玻璃20是具有玻璃板21、玻璃板22、中间膜23和显示装置25的车辆用夹层玻璃。中间膜23例如具备与玻璃板21接合的中间膜231、与玻璃板22接合的中间膜232、和位于中间膜231和中间膜232之间的包围显示装置25的外周的中间膜233。在不需要特别区分中间膜231、232、233的情况下，将它们简称为中间膜23。
图1中以平面显示了夹层玻璃20，但夹层玻璃20也可以是弯曲的形状。又，图1中，夹层玻璃20为矩形，但对夹层玻璃20的平面形状没有特别限定，可以是包括梯形等在内的任意形状。夹层玻璃20被作为车辆用窗玻璃使用。作为车辆用窗玻璃，例如为车辆用前窗玻璃、后窗玻璃、侧窗玻璃、天窗玻璃等。
玻璃板21是将夹层玻璃20安装于车辆时成为车内侧的车内侧玻璃板。又，玻璃板22是将夹层玻璃20安装于车辆时成为车外侧的车外侧玻璃板。玻璃板21及22可具有规定的曲率。
玻璃板21和玻璃板22是互相对向的一对玻璃板，中间膜23及显示装置25位于一对玻璃板之间。玻璃板21和玻璃板22以夹持着中间膜23及显示装置25的状态被固定。玻璃板21、玻璃板22及中间膜23的详细情况如后所述。
例如在夹层玻璃20的周缘区域可以带状设置遮蔽层。遮蔽层例如可通过涂布含有含黑色颜料的熔融性玻璃料的陶瓷色浆并烧成而形成，但并不限定于此。遮蔽层也可以是涂布含有黑色或深色颜料的有机油墨并干燥而形成的层。遮蔽层例如可被设置在玻璃板21的车内侧的面21a上。但是，遮蔽层也可根据需要被设置于玻璃板22的车内侧的面22a上，或者被设置于玻璃板21的车内侧的面21a及玻璃板22的车内侧的面22a两者。
通过在夹层玻璃20的周缘区域存在不透明的遮蔽层，可抑制将夹层玻璃20的周缘区域保持于车体的聚氨酯等树脂因紫外线而导致的劣化。另外，其还可遮蔽与显示装置25电连接的配线板(例如，柔性印刷基板)等。
显示装置25是被封入中间膜23的结构体的一例。显示装置25的玻璃板21侧的面被中间膜231被覆，显示装置25的玻璃板22侧的面被中间膜232被覆。而显示装置25的外周(侧面)被框状的中间膜233被覆。
中间膜233的宽度W(框的宽度)优选5mm以上，更优选10mm以上，进一步更优选20mm以上。中间膜233的宽度W如果在5mm以上，则可充分保护显示装置25，随着更宽至10mm以上、20mm以上，保护显示装置25的效果变得更好。显示装置25周围的玻璃板21及22的应力变化并不会施加到强度相对弱于面内的玻璃板21及22的边缘，因此可抑制玻璃板21及22的破裂。
显示装置25的端部和玻璃板21及22的端部并不一定是平行的。显示装置25的端部和玻璃板21及22的端部不平行的情况下，所述中间膜233的宽度W(框的宽度)是指框的最窄部分的宽度。
优选对中间膜23的外周进行修边处理，即，优选对中间膜23的端部(边缘)进行处理以使其不会从玻璃板21及22的端部(边缘)较大程度地突出。中间膜23的端部从玻璃板21及22的端部突出的量如果小于150μm以下，则不会影响到外观而优选。但是，夹层玻璃20为侧窗玻璃的情况下，由于下边被门板遮蔽，因而并不必须对中间膜23的下边进行修边处理。
显示装置25是显示图像或文字等信息的板状装置。对这里所说的信息无特别限定，例如包括车外风景的指南、道路交通信息、路线指南、宣传广告等。
对于显示装置25的种类无特别限定，例如液晶显示器、有机EL(Organic Electro-Luminescence)显示器、无机EL(Inorganic Electro-Luminescence)显示器、LED(发光二极管)显示器等。显示装置25例如具有玻璃制或塑料制的基板、显示元件(液晶显示元件或有机EL显示元件、无机EL显示元件、LED元件等)。显示装置25可根据需要具有基板和显示元件以外的构成要素(被覆显示元件的保护层等)。为了可以看见外部，显示装置25的各构成部分可由透明材料形成。但是，显示装置25也可以为反射型。将本实施方式的夹层玻璃20安装于车辆时，显示装置25显示图像或文字等信息的方向可以是车内侧，也可以是车外侧。
显示装置25可根据需要配置于几乎整块夹层玻璃20，也可仅配置于其一部分。显示装置25的平面形状例如是比夹层玻璃20的平面形状小的矩形。显示装置25的厚度ts例如为0.1mm以上3mm以下。
夹层玻璃20中，以中间膜231的膜厚t1和中间膜232的膜厚t2中的任一较薄膜厚为ti、显示装置25的厚度为ts时，满足ti/ts≥0.4……(1)。即，夹层玻璃20中，中间膜231及中间膜232中的较薄膜厚ti是显示装置25的厚度ts的0.4倍以上。
通过满足式(1)，中间膜231及232的缓冲性提高。对如何获得本发明的夹层玻璃20将在后面详述，准备玻璃板21、中间膜231、显示装置25及中间膜233、中间膜232、玻璃板22依次层叠而得的层叠体，将层叠体放入例如橡胶袋等中，一边对橡胶袋内部进行减压抽吸(脱气处理)一边加热来实施预压接，将该经过预压接的层叠体放入高压釜中加热及加压，实施正式接合(正式压接)。
本发明中，如果满足式(1)，则中间膜231及232的缓冲性提高。因此，在制造夹层玻璃20的工序中，能够抑制脱气不良(提高残留空气的排气性)，同时能够抑制玻璃板21及22和显示装置25的破裂。其结果是，可获得高品质的夹层玻璃20。
特别是像在弯曲的玻璃板21和22之间夹入不弯曲的显示装置25那样的玻璃板21及22和显示装置25的弯曲形状不同的情况下，对于脱气不良、玻璃板21及22或显示装置25破裂的抑制可发挥显著效果。
更好的是中间膜231和中间膜232的膜厚中任一较薄膜厚ti相对于显示装置25的厚度ts满足ti/ts≥0.6……(2)。即，中间膜231及中间膜232中的较薄膜厚ti是显示装置25的厚度ts的0.6倍以上。
通过满足式(2)，中间膜231及232的缓冲性进一步提高。因此，可进一步提高对于脱气不良、玻璃板21及22或显示装置25破裂的抑制效果。
此外，将以显示装置25的厚度为ts[mm]、弯曲弹性模量为E1[MPa]时ts和E1的关系满足E1×ts3≥500的高刚性显示装置25放入中间膜23时，从抑制脱气不良、玻璃板21及22或显示装置25破裂的角度考虑，满足式(1)是有效的，满足式(2)更有效。
将满足E1×ts3≥1000的更高刚性显示装置25放入中间膜23时，从抑制脱气不良、玻璃板21及22或显示装置25破裂的角度考虑，满足式(2)特别有效。例如在像显示装置25具有塑料制基板的情况那样的显示装置25刚性较低的情况下，满足式(1)就足够了。而在像显示装置25具有玻璃制基板的情况那样的显示装置25刚性较高的情况下，则满足式(2)有效。
即，在显示装置25由塑料制基板构成、显示装置25的弯曲弹性模量达到100MPa以上的情况下，通过使本发明的夹层玻璃20的构成满足式(1)，可形成抑制脱气不良、玻璃板21及22或显示装置25破裂的结构。
又，在显示装置25由聚碳酸酯制等的基板构成、显示装置25的弯曲弹性模量达到1GPa以上的情况下，或者在显示装置25由玻璃制基板构成、显示装置25的弯曲弹性模量达到10GPa以上的情况下，通过使本发明的夹层玻璃20的构成满足式(2)，可形成抑制脱气不良、玻璃板21及22或显示装置25破裂的结构。
本申请的弯曲弹性模量E1可采用基于“ASTM D790”的方法来测定。
显示装置25有各种形状，但显示装置25的厚度ts如图2所示，是不包括突起部的部分的平均厚度。
如图2(a)示出的显示装置25A所示，层叠了尺寸不同的多个层的情况下，厚度ts是包含在显示装置25A中的各层的合计平均厚度。又，如图2(b)示出的显示装置25B所示，层叠了尺寸相同的多个层的情况下，厚度ts是包含在显示装置25B中的各层的合计平均厚度。又，如图2(c)示出的显示装置25C所示，存在突起部的情况下，厚度ts是除显示装置25C的突起部以外的部分的平均厚度。突起部例如为表面安装用的LED等。
图3是对显示装置的合适配置进行说明的图，示意性地显示了将夹层玻璃安装于车辆后从车内向车外看时的情形。图3(a)及图3(b)中，纸面上侧为车辆的天窗侧，纸面下侧为车辆的底盘侧。
夹层玻璃20为前窗玻璃或后窗玻璃时，如图3(a)所示，优选以显示装置25的长边方向朝向夹层玻璃20安装于车辆时的上下方向的方式来配置显示装置25。因为前窗玻璃或后窗玻璃以倾斜的状态安装于车辆，所以图3(a)的配置相较于图3(b)的配置更能够降低透视变形。
与此相对，夹层玻璃20为侧窗玻璃时，如图3(b)所示，优选以显示装置25的长边方向朝向夹层玻璃20安装于车辆时的左右方向的方式来配置显示装置25。因为侧窗玻璃的情况下车辆搭乘者通过侧窗玻璃横向看景物，所以图3(b)的配置相较于图3(a)的配置更能够降低透视变形。
以上所述的上下方向及左右方向并不是严格意义上的上下方向及左右方向，在不明显影响减少透视变形的效果的范围内也包括显示装置25相对于上下方向或左右方向倾斜配置的情况。
图4是对作为与显示装置电连接的配线板的端部的连接端部和玻璃板的端部之间的距离进行说明的图，示意性地显示了将夹层玻璃安装于车辆后从车内向车外看时的情形。
如前所述，中间膜233的宽度W优选在5mm以上。但是，也包括图4(a)所示的显示装置25被配置于玻璃板21及22的端部附近的情况，或者图4(b)所示的配置成显示装置25的一部分从玻璃板21及22的端部露出的情况。图4(a)或图4(b)的情况下，中间膜233的宽度W有一部分为0mm。
夹层玻璃20为侧窗玻璃的情况下，显示装置25和玻璃板21及22的位置关系有时如图3(a)或图3(b)所示。这种情况下，对于单独的一块夹层玻璃20，显示装置25整体被配置在距离夹层玻璃20的外周5mm以上的位置，与显示装置25连接的配线板30(例如，柔性印刷基板)被配置在夹层玻璃20的俯视下可以看见的位置。但是，即使配线板30从夹层玻璃20的下边伸出，配线板30附近也能被门板遮蔽，因此将夹层玻璃20装载于车辆后，外观上不会有问题。
即，如图5所示，在夹层玻璃20是沿上下方向可滑动的侧窗玻璃的情况下，在门板的内部配置了可使夹层玻璃20沿窗框130上下滑动的车窗调节器120或托架127。
夹层玻璃20的上边102是侧窗玻璃打开时露出的边。夹层玻璃20的下边103装有托架127，其被安装在车窗调节器120的升降轨道123上。
于是，即使在夹层玻璃20(侧窗玻璃)完全关闭到上面的状态下，其下侧也比侧窗玻璃的腰线BL(侧窗玻璃和门板的界线)更位于门板内，因而不会露出。
因此，如图5(a)所示，在夹层玻璃20内即使显示装置25整体被配置在距离夹层玻璃20的外周5mm以上的位置，只要显示装置25的下边被配置在腰线BL之上的位置，就算配线板30从显示装置25的下边伸出，在将夹层玻璃20组装入车辆的车门的情况下也看不到配线板30。
或者，如图5(b)所示，在夹层玻璃20内即使显示装置25整体被配置在距离夹层玻璃20的外周5mm以上的位置，只要显示装置25的下边被配置在腰线BL之下(门板内)的位置，就算配线板30从显示装置25的下边伸出，在将夹层玻璃20组装入车辆的车门的情况下也看不到配线板30。
图5(a)及图5(b)的任一种情况下，单块的夹层玻璃20在安装于车辆前，配线板30都被配置在可以看到的位置，但是将夹层玻璃20组装入车辆的车门后，就看不到配线板30了，因此不会影响到外观。
又，夹层玻璃20为侧窗玻璃时，通过使配线板30从夹层玻璃20的下边伸出，在将搭载于车辆的夹层玻璃上下滑动时，可防止配线板30咬入其他部件。
回到图4的说明，在图4(a)及图4(b)的情况下，优选俯视下作为配线板30的与显示装置25连接的端部的连接端部30e和玻璃板21的端部21e之间的距离L1为1mm以上，且配线板30的连接端部30e与玻璃板22的端部22e之间的距离L1为1mm以上。
在图4(a)的情况下，配线板30的连接端部30e相对于玻璃板21的端部21e及玻璃板22的端部22e向玻璃板21及22的内侧偏移。而在图4(b)的情况下，配线板30的连接端部30e相对于玻璃板21的端部21e及玻璃板22的端部22e向玻璃板21及22的外侧偏移。不论是在图4(a)还是图4(b)的情况下，如果距离L1在1mm以上，都可防止包含在配线板30中的配线断开。
图6是对夹层玻璃的总厚度的分布进行说明的图，示意性地显示了将夹层玻璃安装于车辆后从车内向车外看时的情形。
图6中，双点划线P1表示俯视下从显示装置25的端部25e往内侧L2＝10mm的位置。而双点划线P2表示俯视下从显示装置25的端部25e往外侧L3＝10mm的位置。
此时，从双点划线P1的位置起到双点划线P2的位置为止的区域R1(即，俯视下从显示装置25的端部25e开始±10mm的区域R1)中，优选夹层玻璃20的总厚度的变化量在±100μm以下。藉此，显示装置25的端部25e附近的夹层玻璃20的厚度分布减少，因此可抑制显示装置25的端部25e附近的透视变形加剧。
又，从双点划线P1的位置起到双点划线P2的位置为止的区域中，优选夹层玻璃20的总厚度的变化量在±70μm以下。藉此，显示装置25的端部25e附近的夹层玻璃20的厚度分布进一步减少，更能抑制显示装置25的端部25e附近的透视变形加剧。
图7是对夹层玻璃的拉伸应力变化进行说明的图，示意性地显示了将夹层玻璃安装于车辆后从车内向车外看时的情形。图7中，双点划线P2表示俯视下从显示装置25的端部25e往外侧L3＝10mm的位置。
此时，从显示装置25的端部25e的位置起到双点划线P2的位置为止的区域R2(即，俯视下从显示装置25的端部25e开始向外侧10mm的区域R2)中，优选夹层玻璃20的拉伸应力变化在1MPa以上30MPa以下。藉此，可减少对玻璃板21及22和显示装置25施加过大的应力而导致破损的可能性。夹层玻璃20的拉伸应力变化是指位于夹层玻璃20内侧的玻璃板21的车内侧表面、或位于夹层玻璃20外侧的玻璃板22的车外侧表面的至少一方或这两方表面上所产生的拉伸应力变化。
又，区域R2中，夹层玻璃20的拉伸应力变化更优选在1MPa以上20MPa以下，进一步更优选在1MPa以上10MPa以下。随着夹层玻璃20的拉伸应力变化在1MPa以上20MPa以下、1MPa以上10MPa以下，可进一步减少玻璃板21及22和显示装置25破损的可能性。夹层玻璃20的拉伸应力变化可通过采用光弹性等的表面应力计求出。
下面，对玻璃板21、玻璃板22及中间膜23进行详述。
玻璃板21及22可是无机玻璃也可以是有机玻璃。作为无机玻璃，例如可采用钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、无碱玻璃、石英玻璃等，无特别限定。其中，从制造成本、成形性的角度考虑，特好的是钠钙玻璃。
无机玻璃可以是未强化玻璃、强化玻璃中的任一种。未强化玻璃是将熔融玻璃成形为板状后实施了退火的玻璃。强化玻璃是在未强化玻璃的表面形成了压缩应力层的玻璃。
强化玻璃可以是物理强化玻璃(例如，风冷强化玻璃)、化学强化玻璃中的任一种。在为物理强化玻璃的情况下，可通过将弯曲成形中均匀加热了的玻璃板从软化点附近的温度开始急冷等退火以外的操作，利用玻璃表面和玻璃内部的温差在玻璃表面产生压缩应力层，藉此对玻璃表面进行强化。
在为化学强化玻璃的情况下，可在弯曲成形后通过离子交换法等在玻璃表面产生压缩应力，藉此对玻璃表面进行强化。此外，还可采用吸收紫外线或红外线的玻璃，更好是透明玻璃，但也可使用以不影响透明度的程度着色了的玻璃板。
而作为有机玻璃的材料，可例举聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸树脂(例如，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯等透明树脂。
玻璃板21及22的形状不特别限定为矩形，可以是加工成各种形状和曲率的形状。作为玻璃板21和22的弯曲成形，可使用重力成形或加压成形、辊压成形等。对玻璃板21及22的成形法也无特别限定，例如在无机玻璃的情况下优选采用通过浮法等成形的玻璃板。
位于夹层玻璃20外侧的玻璃板22的板厚的最薄部分优选在1.8mm以上3mm以下。如果玻璃板22的板厚在1.8mm以上，则耐飞石性能等的强度足够，如果在3mm以下，则夹层玻璃的质量不会过大，从车辆油耗的角度考虑优选。玻璃板22的板厚的最薄部分更优选在1.8mm以上2.8mm以下，进一步更好在1.8mm以上2.6mm以下。
位于夹层玻璃20内侧的玻璃板21的板厚优选在0.3mm以上2.3mm以下。通过将玻璃板21的板厚控制在0.3mm以上，操作性更佳，在2.3mm以下则质量不会过大。
玻璃板21及/或22的板厚不是固定的，根据需要在不同场合下板厚可以变化，例如，在夹层玻璃为前窗玻璃的情况下，玻璃板21及22的任一方或双方可以是前窗玻璃安装于车辆的状态下从前窗玻璃的下边朝上边板厚逐渐变厚的楔形。该情况下，若中间膜23的膜厚一定，则玻璃板21和玻璃板22的合计楔角例如在大于0mrad但1.0mrad以下的范围内变化。
可在玻璃板21及/或22的外侧设置具有斥水、紫外线红外线截止的功能的被膜，或具有低反射特性、低放射特性的被膜。还可在玻璃板21及/或22的内侧(与中间膜23相接的一侧)设置紫外线红外线截止膜、低反射特性膜、可见光吸收膜、着色膜等的被膜。
在玻璃板21及22为无机玻璃的情况下，可在例如通过浮法等成形后、用中间膜23接合前进行弯曲成形。弯曲成形可通过加热使玻璃软化来实施。弯曲成形时的玻璃的加热温度大致为550℃～700℃。
作为接合玻璃板21和玻璃板22的中间膜23，大多采用热塑性树脂，例如可例举塑性聚乙烯醇缩醛类树脂、塑性聚氯乙烯类树脂、饱和聚酯类树脂、塑性饱和聚酯类树脂、聚氨酯类树脂、塑性聚氨酯类树脂、乙烯－乙酸乙烯酯共聚物类树脂、乙烯－丙烯酸乙酯共聚物类树脂、环烯烃聚合物树脂、离聚物树脂等以往用于该用途的热塑性树脂。又，还可采用在日本专利第6065221号中记载的含有改性嵌段共聚物氢化物的树脂组合物。
其中，从透明度、耐候性、强度、粘接力、耐贯通性、冲击能量吸收性、耐湿性、隔热性及隔音性等各种性能的平衡良好的角度考虑，适合采用塑性聚乙烯醇缩醛类树脂。这些热塑性树脂可单独使用也可2种以上并用。上述塑性聚乙烯醇缩醛类树脂中的“塑性”是指可通过添加增塑剂来增塑。其他的塑性树脂同样如此。
但是，根据显示装置的种类不同存在会因特定的增塑剂而劣化的情况，这种情况下，优选采用实质上不含该增塑剂的树脂。即，有时优选中间膜23不含增塑剂。作为不含增塑剂的树脂，可例举例如乙烯－乙酸乙烯酯共聚物类树脂等。
作为上述聚乙烯醇缩醛类树脂，可例举将聚乙烯醇(以下，根据需要也称为“PVA”)和甲醛反应而得的聚乙烯醇缩甲醛树脂、PVA和乙醛反应而得的狭义上的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛树脂、PVA和正丁醛反应而得的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂(以下，根据需要也称为“PVB”)等，特别是从透明度、耐候性、强度、粘接力、耐贯通性、冲击能量吸收性、耐湿性、隔热性及隔音性等各种性能的平衡良好的角度考虑，适合采用PVB。这些聚乙烯醇缩醛类树脂可单独使用也可2种以上并用。
但是，形成中间膜23的材料并不限定于热塑性树脂。中间膜23还可含有红外线吸收剂、紫外线吸收剂、发光剂等功能性粒子。此外，中间膜23还可具有被称为遮光带的着色部分。
又，中间膜23所包含的中间膜231、232及233优选全部由同样的材料形成，但中间膜231、232及233的一部分或全部也可由不同的材料形成。例如，中间膜233的材料的剪切弹性模量可小于中间膜231、232的剪切弹性模量。中间膜233的剪切弹性模量小于中间膜231、232的剪切弹性模量时，可提高夹层玻璃20的隔音性。而中间膜231的剪切弹性模量小于中间膜232、233的剪切弹性模量时可提高夹层玻璃20的隔音性，中间膜232的剪切弹性模量小于中间膜231、233的剪切弹性模量时也可提高夹层玻璃20的隔音性。但是，从与玻璃板21及22的粘接性、或夹入夹层玻璃20中的功能材料等的角度考虑，优选中间膜23的膜厚的50％以上采用上述的材料。
中间膜23的膜厚的最薄部分优选为0.5mm以上。中间膜23的膜厚如果在0.5mm以上，则作为夹层玻璃所必须的耐贯通性足够。又，中间膜23的膜厚的最厚部分优选为3mm以下。中间膜23的膜厚的最大值如果在3mm以下，则夹层玻璃的质量不会变得过大。中间膜23的最大值更好为2.8mm以下，进一步更好为2.6mm以下。
中间膜23像用于抬头显示器的中间膜那样，其膜厚不是固定的，根据需要在不同场合下膜厚可发生变化。例如，在夹层玻璃20为前窗玻璃的情况下，中间膜23可以是前窗玻璃安装于车辆的状态下从前窗玻璃的下边朝上边膜厚逐渐变厚的楔形。这种情况下，如果玻璃板21和22的膜厚固定，则中间膜23的楔角例如在大于0mrad但1.0mrad以下的范围内变化。
中间膜23可具有4层以上的层。例如，通过由4层以上构成中间膜，并利用增塑剂的调整等使得除两侧的层以外的任意的层的剪切弹性模量低于两侧的层的剪切弹性模量，能够提高夹层玻璃20的隔音性。此时，两侧的层的剪切弹性模量可以相同也可以不同。
制造中间膜23是例如适当选择形成为中间膜的上述树脂材料，用挤出机以加热熔融状态进行挤出成形。挤出机的挤出速度等挤出条件以达到均匀的方式设定。然后，为了使挤出成形的树脂膜与夹层玻璃20的设计相匹配地在上边及下边具有曲率，根据需要例如进行延展操作，藉此完成中间膜23的制造。
制造夹层玻璃20时，在玻璃板21和玻璃板22之间夹住中间膜23、显示装置25，制得层叠体。然后，例如将该层叠体放入橡胶袋中，在－65～－100kPa的真空中以约70～110℃的温度进行粘接。加热条件、温度条件、层叠方法可考虑显示装置25的性质而以例如在层叠中不发生劣化的方式来进行适当选择。
进一步，例如通过在100～150℃、压力0.6～1.3MPa的条件下进行加热加压的压接处理，能够获得耐久性更佳的夹层玻璃20。但是，考虑到根据情况简化步骤、以及夹层玻璃20中封入的材料的特性，也存在不采用以上加热加压工序的情况。
在不影响本发明效果的范围内，除了中间膜23及显示装置25以外，在玻璃板21和玻璃板22之间还可存在具备电热线、红外线反射、发光、发电、调光、触摸屏、可见光反射、散射、修饰、吸收等功能的膜或器件。上述功能性膜及器件可直接形成于玻璃板21、玻璃板22的主面上。
夹层玻璃20的总厚度优选在2.8mm以上10mm以下。夹层玻璃20的总厚度如果为2.8mm以上，则可确保足够的刚性。而夹层玻璃20的总厚度如果为10mm以下，则在获得足够的透射率的同时可降低雾度。
在夹层玻璃20的至少一边，玻璃板21和玻璃板22的板偏移(俯视下玻璃板21的端部和玻璃板22的端部的偏移量)优选在1.5mm以下，更优选在1mm以下。夹层玻璃20至少一边的玻璃板21和玻璃板22的板偏移如果在1.5mm以下，则不会有损外观而优选。夹层玻璃20至少一边的玻璃板21和玻璃板22的板偏移如果在1.0mm以下，则更不会有损外观而更优选。
以上说明示出了将显示装置25封入夹层玻璃20的中间膜23的例子，但封入中间膜23的结构体并不限定为显示装置。在中间膜23中可封入以下装置来替代显示装置，或除了显示装置以外还可再封入以下的装置：照明装置(LED照明装置、有机EL照明装置、警示灯等)或具备太阳能电池(硅类、化合物类、有机类等)的太阳能发电装置、调光装置(SPD(悬浮粒子装置)、电致色变物、光致色变物、热致色变物、PDLC(高分子分散型液晶)、GHLC(宾主效应型液晶)等)。即，夹层玻璃20的中间膜23中可封入显示装置、照明装置、太阳能发电装置、调光装置中的任意一种以上。
在中间膜23中封入显示装置、照明装置、太阳能发电装置、调光装置中的任意的结构体时，通过满足式(1)，中间膜231及232的缓冲性提高。因此，在制造夹层玻璃20的工序中，可在抑制脱气不良(提高残留空气的排气性)的同时抑制玻璃板21及22和封入的结构体的破裂。其结果是，可获得高品质的夹层玻璃20。优选满足式(2)可获得同样的效果。
此外，车辆用窗玻璃可以是夹层玻璃20和至少1块以上的玻璃板夹着间隔物而具有间隔地配置成的多层玻璃。车辆用窗玻璃为多层玻璃的情况下，在夹层玻璃20和玻璃板之间设置中空层。中空层中可充入干燥空气，也可充入氪气或氩气等惰性气体。此外，中空层也可以是真空的。中空层为真空的情况下，为了保持夹层玻璃20和玻璃板之间的间隙，中空层区域内可在夹层玻璃20和玻璃板之间配置多个由不锈钢等金属材料构成的间隙保持构件。间隔物可由铝等金属制，也可由聚酰胺或聚丙烯等树脂制。车辆用窗玻璃为多层玻璃的情况下，夹层玻璃20可配置在车外侧，也可配置在车内侧。
<实施例>
下面，对实施例进行说明。本发明并不限定于这些实施例。
例1～例18中，在玻璃板21和玻璃板22之间夹入中间膜23(中间膜231、232及233)和作为显示装置25的玻璃制基板(为方便起见称为封入基板25)，制得层叠体。然后，将层叠体装入橡胶袋中，在－65～－100kPa的真空中以约70～110℃的温度进行粘接，制得夹层玻璃。所制得的夹层玻璃的尺寸等如图8所示。
如图8所示，玻璃板21及22的尺寸为300mm×300mm×厚2mm，封入基板25的尺寸为100mm×100mm。在玻璃板21和玻璃板22之间夹入中间膜23(中间膜231、232及233)及封入基板25，使得中间膜233的宽度的最窄处为20mm。
作为中间膜231、232及233的材料使用EVA(乙烯乙酸乙烯酯)，中间膜231和中间膜232的膜厚相同(中间膜231的膜厚＝中间膜232的膜厚＝ti)。
例1～例18中，改变中间膜231及232的膜厚ti、封入基板25的板厚ts，通过目视评价了破裂和脱气不良的程度。评价中，没有确认到破裂和脱气不良的情况记为○，确认到破裂和脱气不良中的至少一方的情况记为×。例1～例18中的中间膜231及232的膜厚ti的值、封入基板25的板厚ts的值及评价结果示于表1。
[表1]
Figure BDA0003241652730000151
如表1所示，满足ti/ts≥0.6时，未确认到破裂和脱气不良。与此相对，不满足ti/ts≥0.6时(即，ti/ts＜0.6时)，确认到破裂和脱气不良中的至少一方。
即，夹层玻璃的中间膜中封入像玻璃板那样刚性较高的结构体时，通过满足ti/ts≥0.6，可确认到能够抑制破裂和脱气不良。作为ti或ts的测定方法，可考虑采用了光的干涉的激光厚度测定或切开夹层玻璃、用显微镜测定该剖面的方法。
以上，对优选实施方式等进行了详细说明，但本发明并不限定在以上的实施方式等中，在不脱离权利要求书记载的范围的情况下可对以上的实施方式等进行各种变形和替换。
本国际申请要求基于2019年3月13日提出申请的日本专利申请2019-046106号的优先权，将日本专利申请2019-046106号的全部内容援引至本国际申请。
符号说明
20 夹层玻璃
21、22 玻璃板
21a、22a 面
21e、22e、25e 端部(边缘)
23、231、232、233 中间膜
25 显示装置
30 配线板
30e 连接端部

Claims (14)

1.夹层玻璃，其是具有车内侧玻璃板、车外侧玻璃板、接合所述车内侧玻璃板和所述车外侧玻璃板的中间膜、和被封入所述中间膜的结构体的车辆用夹层玻璃，
其中，所述中间膜具备与所述车内侧玻璃板接合的第1中间膜、与所述车外侧玻璃板接合的第2中间膜、和位于所述第1中间膜和所述第2中间膜之间的包围所述结构体的外周的第3中间膜，
以所述第1中间膜和所述第2中间膜的任一膜厚较薄的一方的膜厚为ti、所述结构体的厚度为ts时，满足ti/ts≥0.6，
以所述结构体的弯曲弹性模量为E1[MPa]时，ts和E1的关系满足E1×ts3≥500，
中间膜的膜厚的最薄部分为0.5mm以上，中间膜的膜厚的最厚部分为2.8mm以下。
2.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述结构体的弯曲弹性模量在100MPa以上。
3.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述结构体的弯曲弹性模量在1GPa以上。
4.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述结构体的弯曲弹性模量在10GPa以上。
5.如权利要求1～4中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述车内侧玻璃板及所述车外侧玻璃板的弯曲形状与所述结构体的弯曲形状不同。
6.如权利要求1～5中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，在从俯视下从所述结构体的端部往内侧10mm的位置起到俯视下从所述结构体的端部往外侧10mm的位置为止的区域内，所述夹层玻璃的总厚度的变化量在±100μm以下。
7.如权利要求1～6中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述第3中间膜的宽度在5mm以上。
8.如权利要求1～7中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述结构体具有与所述结构体电连接的配线板，俯视下所述配线板的与所述结构体连接的连接端部与所述车内侧玻璃板的端部之间的距离在1mm以上，且所述连接端部与所述车外侧玻璃板的端部之间的距离在1mm以上。
9.如权利要求8所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述配线板被配置在该夹层玻璃的俯视下可以看见的位置。
10.如权利要求1～9中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，该夹层玻璃的总厚度为2.8mm以上10mm以下。
11.如权利要求1～10中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述结构体为显示装置。
12.如权利要求1～10中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述结构体为照明装置。
13.如权利要求1～10中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述结构体为太阳能发电装置。
14.如权利要求1～10中任一项所述的夹层玻璃，其中，所述结构体为调光装置。
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