WO2020150845A1 - 一种凝胶扣式软包装锂电池及制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种凝胶扣式软包装锂电池及制备工艺 Download PDF

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WO2020150845A1
WO2020150845A1 PCT/CN2019/000253 CN2019000253W WO2020150845A1 WO 2020150845 A1 WO2020150845 A1 WO 2020150845A1 CN 2019000253 W CN2019000253 W CN 2019000253W WO 2020150845 A1 WO2020150845 A1 WO 2020150845A1
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gel
lithium battery
density
electrolyte
lithium
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PCT/CN2019/000253
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English (en)
French (fr)
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卢灿生
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广东美尼科技有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/22—Esters containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
    • C08F222/10—Esters
    • C08F222/12—Esters of phenols or saturated alcohols
    • C08F222/14—Esters having no free carboxylic acid groups, e.g. dialkyl maleates or fumarates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
    • C08F230/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
    • C08F230/08—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a gel button type soft-packaged lithium battery and a preparation process.
  • the traditional button-type lithium battery is made of metal, which uses a liquid electrolyte. Because the liquid electrolyte is prone to explode and catch fire when exposed to high temperatures, the safety factor is low. Moreover, the traditional button-type lithium battery is relatively heavy, and is not suitable for areas that require high weight and safety (because the headset is the electronic consumer product that most closely contacts the human body) such as Bluetooth headsets. At present, small devices such as Bluetooth headsets on the market generally use soft-packed polymer batteries, which are mostly square or cylindrical in shape. Such polymer batteries are lighter in weight, but still use liquid electrolyte, which is prone to bulging.
  • the batteries obtained by the in-situ method generally have low conductivity and are not suitable for the production of lithium batteries with larger working current.
  • the existing coating method is difficult to control the uniformity of the coating, and requires relatively high process preparation, and is not suitable for applications where the pole piece area is large, needs to be used in groups, and the requirements for battery consistency are relatively high.
  • the present invention aims to provide a gel button type soft packaging lithium battery with higher safety performance and suitable for use in a low power consumption environment and a preparation process.
  • the solution of the present invention is: a gel button type soft-packaged lithium battery, including a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, a separator, and a gel electrolyte;
  • the mass percentage of the positive electrode sheet composition is: 97.5-98.0% lithium cobaltate, 0.8-1.0% PVDF, 1.0% conductive agent, 1.0% carbon nanotubes;
  • the mass percentage of the negative electrode sheet composition is: 92-93.0% graphite, 1.5% conductive agent, 2% graphene, 2% silicon carbon, 1.5% LAR, 0.5% CMC;
  • the isolation membrane is a dry-method membrane that is coated on the surface to form a ceramic layer structure with a thickness of 3-4 microns;
  • the gel electrolyte is composed of a gel state solvent and a liquid electrolyte, and the mass ratio is 1: (0.8 ⁇ 2.0)
  • Gel-state solvents include 3-methacryloxypropyl dimethoxysilane, fluoropropyl acrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, dibenzoyl peroxide, and the mass ratio is 1:1: (0.5 ⁇ 2): (0.02 ⁇ 0.1);
  • the liquid electrolyte includes lithium hexafluorophosphate, DMC, and EC, and is configured at a molar ratio of 1:1: (0.85 to 0.92).
  • the D50 of the lithium cobalt oxide in the positive electrode sheet is 8-14um; the specific surface area is 0.2-0.5m 2 /g; the tap density is greater than or equal to 2.5g/cm 3 ; the gram capacity is greater than or equal to 145mAh/g;
  • the D50 of the graphite in the negative electrode sheet is 12-20um; the specific surface area is 1.0-1.6 m 2 /g; the tap density is greater than or equal to 1.0-1.3 g/cm 3 ; the gram capacity is greater than or equal to 340 mAh/g.
  • the areal density of the positive pole piece is 30-40 mg/cm 2 ; the compaction density is 3.7-4.15g/m 3 ; the areal density of the negative pole piece is 14.0-20.0 mg/cm 2 ; the compaction density is 1.4- 1.6g/m 3 ;
  • a preparation process of a gel electrolyte in a gel button type soft package lithium battery the specific steps are as follows:
  • the mass ratio of 3-methacryloxypropyl dimethoxysilane, fluoropropyl acrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and dibenzoyl peroxide is 1:1 :(0.5 ⁇ 2):(0.02 ⁇ 0.1) to configure the gel solvent.
  • the mixed solution is light yellow, transparent and has good fluidity
  • stage thermal polymerization is carried out, the first stage polymerization temperature is 95-105°C, and the polymerization time is 8-12 minutes;
  • the second stage polymerization temperature is 33 ⁇ 38°C, and the polymerization time is 88 ⁇ 104 hours;
  • the flowing mixture forms a stable gel electrolyte.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are that the present application can be well applied to scenarios such as Bluetooth headsets and smart wear with a small amount of power; the gel electrolyte used in the present application improves the safety of lithium batteries while taking into account the electrical performance (temperature Applicability and discharge capacity).
  • the specific embodiment of the present invention is a gel button type soft package lithium battery, including a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, a separator, and a gel electrolyte;
  • the mass percentage of the positive electrode sheet composition is: 97.5-98.0% lithium cobaltate, 0.8-1.0% PVDF, 1.0% conductive agent, 1.0% carbon nanotubes;
  • the mass percentage of the negative electrode sheet composition is: 92-93.0% graphite, 1.5% conductive agent, 2% graphene, 2% silicon carbon, 1.5% LAR, 0.5% CMC;
  • the isolation membrane is a dry-process membrane with a ceramic layer structure with a thickness of 3-4 microns formed by coating on the surface; the porosity of the isolation membrane is 40-50%;
  • the gel electrolyte is composed of a gel state solvent and a liquid electrolyte, and the mass ratio is 1: (0.8-2.0);
  • Gel-state solvents include 3-methacryloxypropyl dimethoxysilane, fluoropropyl acrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, dibenzoyl peroxide, and the mass ratio is 1:1: (0.5 ⁇ 2): (0.02 ⁇ 0.1);
  • the liquid electrolyte includes lithium hexafluorophosphate, DMC, and EC, and is configured at a molar ratio of 1:1: (0.85 to 0.92).
  • solvents and pole piece components are as follows: EC (Ethylene carbonate), DMC (dimethyl carbonate), PVDF: polyvinylidene fluoride, CMC: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, LAR is Binder.
  • the D50 of the lithium cobalt oxide in the positive electrode sheet is 8-14um; the specific surface area is 0.2-0.5m 2 /g; the tap density is greater than or equal to 2.5g/cm 3 ; the gram capacity is greater than or equal to 145mAh/g;
  • the D50 of the graphite in the negative electrode sheet is 12-20um; the specific surface area is 1.0-1.6 m 2 /g; the tap density is greater than or equal to 1.0-1.3 g/cm 3 ; the gram capacity is greater than or equal to 340 mAh/g.
  • the areal density of the positive pole piece is 30-40mg/cm 2 ; the compaction density is 3.7-4.15g/m 3 ; the areal density of the negative pole piece is 14.0-20.0mg/cm 2 ; the compaction density is 1.4-1.6g/ m 3 ;
  • a preparation process of a gel electrolyte in a gel button type soft package lithium battery the specific steps are as follows:
  • the mass ratio of 3-methacryloxypropyl dimethoxysilane, fluoropropyl acrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and dibenzoyl peroxide is 1:1 :(0.5 ⁇ 2):(0.02 ⁇ 0.1) to configure the gel solvent.
  • stage thermal polymerization is carried out, the first stage polymerization temperature is 95-105°C, and the polymerization time is 8-12 minutes;
  • the second stage polymerization temperature is 33 ⁇ 38°C, and the polymerization time is 88 ⁇ 104 hours;
  • the flowing mixture forms a stable gel electrolyte.
  • the first step is forming. At room temperature, a concave shell is formed by stamping the aluminum-plastic composite film through a mold;
  • the second step is to assemble, ultrasonically weld the positive electrode tab to the positive electrode sheet, and weld the negative electrode tab resistance to the negative electrode sheet;
  • the third step is to assemble.
  • the positive pole piece, separator and negative pole piece are rolled into a cylindrical core structure and placed in the shell.
  • the separator is located between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, and then the positive pole piece and negative pole piece are injected Inject a mixed solution composed of a gel solvent and a liquid electrolyte solution, and finally perform stepwise thermal polymerization according to the second step of the gel electrolyte preparation process;
  • the fourth step is encapsulation.
  • the assembled shell is sealed by a thermoplastic encapsulation process.
  • the encapsulation conditions are: temperature 180-190°C, pressure 0.25-0.4Mpa, hot melt for 3 seconds.
  • the gel button type soft package lithium battery of the present application adopts a gel electrolyte coating process, which has high processing efficiency and is easy to mass production; the gel electrolyte is matched with a thermoplastic packaging structure, which is lightweight and easy to assemble with round electronic products such as earphones. It is also higher; using the formulation of the electrolyte and negative electrode materials of the present application, while improving the safety of the lithium battery, it also takes into account the electrical performance (temperature applicability and discharge capacity) of the lithium battery.
  • the comparison test data is as follows:
  • the bottleneck for the large-scale application of the existing gel electrolytes is that the contact impedance is relatively large.
  • the application scenarios of this application are Bluetooth headsets, smart wearables, etc., which consume a small amount of power, and the discharge current is small.
  • the impedance problem can be eliminated by other methods (optimizing process parameters, improving the conductivity of materials, etc.).
  • the gel electrolyte used in this application not only improves the safety of the lithium battery, but also takes into account the electrical performance (temperature applicability and discharge capacity) of the lithium battery.
  • This application adopts the segmented thermal polymerization technology to prepare the gel electrolyte, which has low impedance and good stability.

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Abstract

一种凝胶扣式软包装锂电池，所述正极片组成的质量百分比为：97.5～98.0％钴酸锂、0.8～1.0％PVDF、1.0％导电剂、1.0％碳纳米管；所述负极片组成的质量百分比为：92-93.0％石墨、1.5％导电剂，2％石墨烯、2％硅碳、1.5％LAR、0.5％CMC；所述凝胶电解质由凝胶态溶剂和液态电解质组成，重量比为1∶(0.8～2.0)凝胶态溶剂包括3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、丙烯酸氟丙酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、过氧化二苯甲酰，质量比为：1∶1∶(0.5～2)∶(0.02～0.1)。能很好应用于微量耗电的蓝牙耳机、智能穿戴等场景；采用的凝胶电解质在提高锂电池安全性的同时，兼顾了锂电池的电性能。

Description

一种凝胶扣式软包装锂电池及制备工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电池领域，具体涉及一种凝胶扣式软包装锂电池及制备工艺。
背景技术
传统的纽扣式锂电池是金属材质，其采用液态电解质，由于液态电解质遇到高温容易爆炸起火，安全系数较低。而且传统的纽扣式锂电池比较重，不适用于蓝牙耳机等对重量、安全性(因为耳机是最密切接触人体的电子消费品)要求比较高的领域。目前市场上的蓝牙耳机等小型设备一般采用软包聚合物电芯，形状多为方形或者圆柱形结构。此类聚合物电芯，质量较轻，但是仍采用液态电解质，容易发生鼓包现象。
目前市场上有少量的凝胶电解质锂电池，因为受制于内部阻抗和成本问题，基本未能实现在耳机、智能穿戴领域的批量生产。
现在行业内对也有不少对凝胶电池的研究，基本分为原位法和涂布法两种。原位法得到的电芯一般电导率低，不适合用于生产工作电流较大的锂电芯。现有的涂布法不易控制涂布的均匀性，对工艺制备要求比较高，不适合应用在极片面积较大、需要成组使用、对电芯一致性要求比较的高的场合。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明旨在提供一种安全性能更高、适合低功耗环境使用的凝胶扣式软包装锂电池及制备工艺。
为实现该技术目的，本发明的方案是：一种凝胶扣式软包装锂电池，包括正极片、负极片、隔离膜、凝胶电解质；
所述正极片组成的质量百分比为：97.5～98.0％钴酸锂、0.8～1.0％PVDF、1.0％导电剂、1.0％碳纳米管；
所述负极片组成的质量百分比为：92-93.0％石墨、1.5％导电剂，2％石墨烯、2％硅碳、1.5％LAR、0.5％CMC；
所述隔离膜为干法隔膜表面加涂形成厚度3-4微米的陶瓷层结构；
所述凝胶电解质由凝胶态溶剂和液态电解质组成，质量比为1∶(0.8～2.0)
凝胶态溶剂包括3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、丙烯酸氟丙酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、过氧化二苯甲酰，质量比为：1∶1∶(0.5～2)∶(0.02～0.1)；
所述液态电解质包括六氟磷酸锂、DMC、EC，按摩尔比1∶1∶(0.85～0.92)的比例来配置。
作为优选，所述正极片中钴酸锂的D50为8～14um；比表面积为0.2～0.5m 2/g；振实密度大于等于2.5g/cm 3；克容量大于等于145mAh/g；
所述负极片中石墨的D50为12～20um；比表面积为1.0～1.6m 2/g；振实密度大于等于1.0～1.3g/cm 3；克容量大于等于340mAh/g。
作为优选，正极极片的面密度为30～40mg/cm 2；压实密度为3.7～ 4.15g/m 3；负极极片的面密度为14.0～20.0mg/cm 2；压实密度为1.4～1.6g/m 3；
面密度设计公式：先确定正极的面密度，然后负极的面密度按公式计量：负极面密度＝(正极面密度*钴酸锂克容量*正极钴酸锂含量)/(石墨克容量*负极石墨含量)*(1.10-1.13)。
一种凝胶扣式软包装锂电池中凝胶电解质的制备工艺，具体步骤如下：
第一步，混合，3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、丙烯酸氟丙酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、过氧化二苯甲酰按质量比为：1∶1∶(0.5～2)∶(0.02～0.1)来配置凝胶态溶剂。
六氟磷酸锂、DMC、EC按摩尔比1∶1∶(0.85～0.92)的比例来配置液态电解质；
将凝胶态溶剂和液态电解质按重量比1∶(0.8～2.0)的配比充分搅拌均匀获得混合液，混合液为浅黄色透明并具有良好流动性；
第二步，进行分段热聚合，第一段聚合温度95～105℃，聚合时间8～12分钟；
第二段聚合温度为33～38℃，聚合时间88～104小时；
聚合完成后，流动的混合液形成了稳定的凝胶电解质。
本发明的有益效果，本申请能很好应用于微量耗电的蓝牙耳机、智能穿戴等场景；本申请采用的凝胶电解质在提高锂电池安全性的同时，兼顾了锂电池的电性能(温度适用性和放电容量)。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
本发明所述的具体实施例为一种凝胶扣式软包装锂电池，包括正极片、负极片、隔离膜、凝胶电解质；
所述正极片组成的质量百分比为：97.5～98.0％钴酸锂、0.8～1.0％PVDF、1.0％导电剂、1.0％碳纳米管；
所述负极片组成的质量百分比为：92-93.0％石墨、1.5％导电剂，2％石墨烯、2％硅碳、1.5％LAR、0.5％CMC；
所述隔离膜为干法隔膜表面加涂形成厚度3-4微米的陶瓷层结构；所述隔离膜的孔隙率为40～50％；
所述凝胶电解质由凝胶态溶剂和液态电解质组成，质量比为1∶(0.8～2.0)；
凝胶态溶剂包括3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、丙烯酸氟丙酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、过氧化二苯甲酰，质量比为：1∶1∶(0.5～2)∶(0.02～0.1)；
所述液态电解质包括六氟磷酸锂、DMC、EC，按摩尔比1∶1∶(0.85～0.92)的比例来配置。
溶剂和极片组分的具体名称如下：EC(碳酸乙烯酯-Ethylene carbonate)、DMC(碳酸二甲酯，dimethyl carbonate)、PVDF：聚偏氟乙烯、CMC：羧甲基纤维素钠、LAR为粘结剂。
所述正极片中钴酸锂的D50为8～14um；比表面积为0.2～0.5m 2/g；振实密度大于等于2.5g/cm 3；克容量大于等于145mAh/g；
所述负极片中石墨的D50为12～20um；比表面积为1.0～ 1.6m 2/g；振实密度大于等于1.0～1.3g/cm 3；克容量大于等于340mAh/g。
正极极片的面密度为30～40mg/cm 2；压实密度为3.7～4.15g/m 3；负极极片的面密度为14.0～20.0mg/cm 2；压实密度为1.4～1.6g/m 3；
面密度设计公式：先确定正极的面密度，然后负极的面密度按公式计量：负极面密度＝(正极面密度*钴酸锂克容量*正极钴酸锂含量)/(石墨克容量*负极石墨含量)*(1.10-1.13)。
一种凝胶扣式软包装锂电池中凝胶电解质的制备工艺，具体步骤如下：
第一步，混合，3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、丙烯酸氟丙酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、过氧化二苯甲酰按质量比为：1∶1∶(0.5～2)∶(0.02～0.1)来配置凝胶态溶剂。
六氟磷酸锂、DMC、EC按摩尔比1∶1∶(0.85～0.92)的比例来配置液态电解质；
将凝胶态溶剂和液态电解质按质量比1∶(0.8～2.0)的配比充分搅拌均匀获得混合液，混合液为浅黄色透明并具有良好流动性；
第二步，进行分段热聚合，第一段聚合温度95～105℃，聚合时间8～12分钟；
第二段聚合温度为33～38℃，聚合时间88～104小时；
聚合完成后，流动的混合液形成了稳定的凝胶电解质。
本申请的凝胶扣式软包装锂电池的具体加工步骤如下：
第一步，成型，常温下，通过模具在铝塑复合膜上冲压形成凹状 的外壳；
第二步，组装，将正极极耳超声波焊接在正极片上，将负极极耳电阻焊接到负极片上；
第三步，装配，将正极极片、隔膜和负极极片卷成柱状卷芯结构后放入外壳内，隔膜位于正极极片和负极极片之间，然后在注入正极极片和负极极片之间注入凝胶态溶剂和液态电解质溶液组成的混合液，最后按照凝胶电解质制备工艺的第二步，进行分段热聚合；
第四步，封装，将组装完的外壳通过热塑封装工艺进行密封，封装条件：温度180-190℃，压力0.25-0.4Mpa，热熔3秒。
本申请的凝胶扣式软包装锂电池采用凝胶电解质涂覆工艺，加工效率高，易批量生产；凝胶电解质配合热塑封装结构，体积轻巧，易和耳机等圆形电子产品装配，安全性能也更高；采用本申请的电解质和负极材料的配方，在提高锂电池安全性的同时，兼顾了锂电池的电性能(温度适用性和放电容量)。
对比测试数据如下：
Figure PCTCN2019000253-appb-000001
现有的凝胶电解质尚未大规模应用的瓶颈是接触阻抗较大，但是本申请的是应用场景是微量耗电的蓝牙耳机、智能穿戴等，放电电流较小，本申请的凝胶电解质带来的阻抗问题完全可以通过其它方法(优化工艺参数，改善材料的导电性等)消除影响。本申请采用的凝胶电解质在提高锂电池安全性的同时，兼顾了锂电池的电性能(温度适用性和放电容量)。本申请采用分段式热聚合技术制备凝胶电解质，凝胶电解质的阻抗小、稳定性好。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何细微修改、等同替换和改进，均应包含在本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种凝胶扣式软包装锂电池，其特征在于：包括正极片、负极片、隔离膜、凝胶电解质；
    所述正极片组成的质量百分比为：97.5～98.0％钴酸锂、0.8～1.0％PVDF、1.0％导电剂、1.0％碳纳米管；
    所述负极片组成的质量百分比为：92-93.0％石墨、1.5％导电剂，2％石墨烯、2％硅碳、1.5％LAR、0.5％CMC；
    所述隔离膜为干法隔膜表面加涂形成厚度3-4微米的陶瓷层结构；
    所述凝胶电解质由凝胶态溶剂和液态电解质组成，质量比为1∶(0.8～2.0)；
    凝胶态溶剂包括3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、丙烯酸氟丙酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、过氧化二苯甲酰，质量比为：1∶1∶(0.5～2)∶(0.02～0.1)；
    所述液态电解质包括六氟磷酸锂、DMC、EC，按摩尔比1∶1∶(0.85～0.92)的比例来配置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的凝胶扣式软包装锂电池，其特征在于：所述正极片中钴酸锂的D50为8～14um；比表面积为0.2～0.5m 2/g；振实密度大于等于2.5g/cm 3；克容量大于等于145mAh/g；
    所述负极片中石墨的D50为12～20um；比表面积为1.0～1.6m 2/g；振实密度大于等于1.0～1.3g/cm 3；克容量大于等于340mAh/g。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的凝胶扣式软包装锂电池，其特征在于： 正极极片的面密度为30～40mg/cm 2；压实密度为3.7～4.15g/m 3；负极极片的面密度为14.0～20.0mg/cm 2；压实密度为1.4～1.6g/m 3；
    面密度设计公式：先确定正极的面密度，然后负极的面密度按公式计量：负极面密度＝(正极面密度*钴酸锂克容量*正极钴酸锂含量)/(石墨克容量*负极石墨含量)*(1.10-1.13)。
  4. 一种凝胶扣式软包装锂电池中凝胶电解质的制备工艺，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：
    第一步，混合，3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、丙烯酸氟丙酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、过氧化二苯甲酰按质量比为：1∶1∶(0.5～2)∶(0.02～0.1)来配置凝胶态溶剂。
    六氟磷酸锂、DMC、EC按摩尔比1∶1∶(0.85～0.92)的比例来配置液态电解质；
    将凝胶态溶剂和液态电解质按质量比1∶(0.8～2.0)的配比充分搅拌均匀获得混合液，混合液为浅黄色透明并具有良好流动性；
    第二步，进行分段热聚合，第一段聚合温度95～105℃，聚合时间8～12分钟；
    第二段聚合温度为33～38℃，聚合时间88～104小时；
    聚合完成后，流动的混合液形成了稳定的凝胶电解质。
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