WO2020137341A1 - 不揮発性論理回路 - Google Patents
不揮発性論理回路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020137341A1 WO2020137341A1 PCT/JP2019/046590 JP2019046590W WO2020137341A1 WO 2020137341 A1 WO2020137341 A1 WO 2020137341A1 JP 2019046590 W JP2019046590 W JP 2019046590W WO 2020137341 A1 WO2020137341 A1 WO 2020137341A1
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- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
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- H03K19/20—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits characterised by logic function, e.g. AND, OR, NOR, NOT circuits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-volatile logic circuit.
- a ternary neural network that uses a ternary representation can replace the product-sum operation in a neural network with a logical operation and that sufficient recognition performance can be obtained. It has been especially noticed as an effective technique for wear.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a nonvolatile logic circuit having a magnetic tunnel junction element (MTJ element) as a resistance change memory element has been proposed.
- a conventional non-volatile logic circuit assigns a logical value (“0” and “1”) to a complementary state of a pair of MTJ elements ((low resistance, high resistance) and (high resistance, low resistance)) to generate 1 bit.
- Information is expressed (for example, refer to Non-Patent Document 1).
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses a circuit (Fig. 5) that detects a read disturb in a Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM).
- STT-MRAM Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory
- a reference resistance having a resistance value intermediate between the values that the MTJ element can take and a comparison circuit and a control circuit for comparing the resistance of the MTJ element with the reference resistance. Since the minimum is required, the overhead is large.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and by utilizing the non-complementary state of a pair of resistance change type storage elements, a non-volatile logic circuit that achieves advanced functions without increasing the circuit scale.
- the purpose is to provide.
- a nonvolatile logic circuit is connected to a storage unit having a pair of resistance change storage elements, the storage unit, and corresponds to an input signal and resistance of the pair of resistance change storage elements.
- An arithmetic unit for executing an arithmetic operation based on a logical value
- a discrimination circuit for discriminating whether the resistances of the pair of resistance change type storage elements are in a complementary state or a non-complementary state
- the arithmetic unit and the discrimination circuit is connected and outputs a signal corresponding to the calculation result of the calculation unit or a signal corresponding to the determination result of the determination circuit.
- the present invention it is possible to increase the circuit scale by determining whether the resistances of a pair of resistance change type storage elements are in a complementary state or a non-complementary state and outputting a signal corresponding to the determination result. It is possible to realize advanced functions without any need.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of a nonvolatile logic circuit that performs an XNOR operation as an example of the nonvolatile logic circuit of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating signals related to an arithmetic operation executed by each nonvolatile logic circuit included in the arithmetic unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a table showing allocation of information to each signal of FIG. 11.
- 3 is a truth table showing the arithmetic function in each nonvolatile logic circuit that constitutes the arithmetic unit of the first embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the error detection apparatus which concerns on Example 2 of this embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of the nonvolatile logic circuit 10.
- the non-volatile logic circuit 10 is a non-volatile logic-in-memory circuit, and includes an arithmetic circuit 1, an output circuit 2, and a discrimination circuit 3, as shown in FIG.
- the arithmetic circuit 1 includes an arithmetic unit 11 as a logic unit and a memory unit 12 as a memory having a pair of resistance change type memory elements.
- the storage unit 12 has a pair of magnetic tunnel junction elements (MTJ elements) M1 and M2 as a pair of resistance change type storage elements.
- MTJ elements magnetic tunnel junction elements
- the operation unit 11 is connected to the storage unit 12 and executes an operation based on the input signals (in1 and in2) and the logical values corresponding to the resistances (complementary state, non-complementary state) of the MTJ elements M1 and M2.
- the complementary state means that the resistances of the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are (low resistance, high resistance) or (high resistance, low resistance), respectively
- the non-complementary state means a pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2.
- the MTJ elements M1 and M2 have resistances of (low resistance, low resistance) or (high resistance, high resistance), respectively.
- the discrimination circuit 3 is connected to the storage unit 12 and the output circuit 2 and discriminates whether the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are in a complementary state or a non-complementary state.
- the output circuit 2 is connected to the calculation unit 11 and the determination circuit 3 and outputs, as output signals (out1 and out2), a signal corresponding to the calculation result of the calculation unit 11 or a signal corresponding to the determination result of the determination circuit 3.
- each of the MTJ elements M1 and M2 forming the storage unit 12 has a free layer 12a, a barrier layer 12b, and a fixed layer 12c stacked thereon.
- the free layer 12a and the fixed layer 12c are made of a ferromagnetic material such as CoFeB, and the barrier layer 12b is a thin film of an insulator such as MgO.
- the MTJ element when the magnetization of the fixed layer 12c and the magnetization of the free layer 12a are in the same direction (parallel state), the MTJ element is in the low resistance state R P and the magnetization of the fixed layer 12c and the magnetization of the free layer 12a. when is the opposite directions (antiparallel state), MTJ element in the high resistance state R AP.
- the determination circuit 3 changes the pair of nodes of the output circuit 2 according to the resistances of the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 forming the storage unit 12. By detecting the potentials of nodes (nodes A and B described later), it is determined whether the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are in the complementary state or the non-complementary state (step S103).
- step S103 When the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are in the complementary state (step S103: YES), the arithmetic unit 11 executes an arithmetic operation using the input signals in1 and in2 and the logical value corresponding to the complementary state, and outputs the output circuit. 2 outputs signals out1 and out2 corresponding to the calculation result by the calculation unit 11 (step S105).
- the output circuit 2 When the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are in the non-complementary state (step S103: NO), the output circuit 2 outputs the signals out1 and out2 indicating that the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 is in the non-complementary state ( Step S107).
- the arithmetic unit 11 When the arithmetic unit 11 has a circuit configuration that uses the non-complementary state of the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 for the arithmetic (for example, the circuit configuration of FIG. 5 described later), the arithmetic unit 11 receives the input signal in1 and the input signal in1 in step S107. The operation using in2 and the logical value corresponding to the non-complementary state is executed, and the output circuit 2 outputs signals out1 and out2 corresponding to the operation result by the operation unit 11.
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the nonvolatile logic circuit 10.
- the output circuit 2 is a precharge sense amplifier (PCSA) (see Non-Patent Document 1), and includes CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) inverters 23, 24, 25 and 26, and a PMOS (P-channel MOS) transistor 21. And 22.
- PCSA precharge sense amplifier
- CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
- PMOS P-channel MOS
- the input terminal of the CMOS inverter 23 is connected to the output terminal of the CMOS inverter 24, and the input terminal of the CMOS inverter 24 is connected to the output terminal of the CMOS inverter 23.
- the output terminal of the CMOS inverter 23 is connected to the input terminal of the CMOS inverter 25 and the drain of the PMOS transistor 21, and the output terminal of the CMOS inverter 24 is connected to the input terminal of the CMOS inverter 26 and the drain of the PMOS transistor 22.
- the sources of the PMOS transistors 21 and 22 are connected to the power supply VDD, and the clock clk is input to the gates of the PMOS transistors 21 and 22.
- connection point between the drain of the PMOS transistor 21, the output terminal of the CMOS inverter 23, and the input terminal of the CMOS inverter 25 is referred to as “node A”, and the drain of the PMOS transistor 22 and the output terminal of the CMOS inverter 24 are The connection point with the input terminal of the CMOS inverter 26 is referred to as "node B”.
- the determination circuit 3 includes NMOS (N-channel MOS) transistors 13, 31, and 32, a PMOS transistor 33a, an NMOS transistor 33b, a PMOS transistor 34a, an NMOS transistor 34b, an inverter 35, an inverter 36, and a PMOS transistor. 37 and a PMOS transistor 38.
- NMOS N-channel MOS
- the source of the PMOS transistor 33a is connected to the power supply VDD, and the clock clk is input to the gate.
- the drain of the PMOS transistor 33a and the drain of the NMOS transistor 33b are connected.
- the source of the NMOS transistor 33b is grounded, and the output terminal of the inverter 35 is connected to the gate.
- the input terminal of the inverter 35 is connected to the node B.
- node C the connection point between the PMOS transistor 33a and the NMOS transistor 33b is referred to as "node C".
- the source of the PMOS transistor 34a is connected to the power supply VDD, and the clock clk is input to the gate.
- the drain of the PMOS transistor 34a and the drain of the NMOS transistor 34b are connected.
- the source of the NMOS transistor 34b is grounded, and the output terminal of the inverter 36 is connected to the gate.
- the input terminal of the inverter 36 is connected to the node A.
- node D the connection point between the PMOS transistor 34a and the NMOS transistor 34b is referred to as "node D".
- the drain of the NMOS transistor 31 and the drain of the NMOS transistor 32 are connected to the MTJ elements M1 and M2, and the source of the NMOS transistor 31 and the source of the NMOS transistor 32 are connected to the drain of the NMOS transistor 13.
- the gate of the NMOS transistor 31 is connected to the node C.
- the gate of the NMOS transistor 32 is connected to the node D.
- the source of the NMOS transistor 13 is grounded, and the clock clk is input to the gate.
- the source of the PMOS transistor 37 is connected to the power supply VDD, the drain is connected to the node A, and the gate is connected to the node C.
- the PMOS transistor 38 has a source connected to the power supply VDD, a drain connected to the node B, and a gate connected to the node D.
- FIG. 4 shows a circuit configuration of the non-volatile logic circuit 10A including an arithmetic unit 11A that performs an XNOR operation.
- the arithmetic unit 11A has a pass transistor structure and includes NMOS transistors 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d.
- the drains of the NMOS transistor 11a and the NMOS transistor 11b are connected to the sources of the NMOS transistors that form the CMOS inverter 23.
- the source of the NMOS transistor 11a is connected to the MTJ element M1
- the source of the NMOS transistor 11b is connected to the MTJ element M2.
- the signal in2 is input to the gate of the NMOS transistor 11a
- the signal in1 is input to the gate of the NMOS transistor 11b.
- the drain of the NMOS transistor 11c and the drain of the NMOS transistor 11d are connected to the sources of the NMOS transistors forming the CMOS inverter 24.
- the source of the NMOS transistor 11c is connected to the MTJ element M2, and the source of the NMOS transistor 11d is connected to the MTJ element M1.
- the signal in2 is input to the gate of the NMOS transistor 11c, and the signal in1 is input to the gate of the NMOS transistor 11d.
- FIGS. 8A to 8D elements and wirings that are not directly involved in the operation are not shown or are shown by dotted lines.
- the non-volatile logic circuit 10A operates by a dynamic circuit system that takes two phases of pre-charge and evaluation according to the clock clk (non-operation). See Patent Document 1).
- the operation of the non-volatile logic circuit 10A when the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are in the complementary state will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 8A to 8D.
- the MTJ elements M1 and M2 are in the high resistance state R AP and the low resistance state R P , respectively.
- the input signals in1 and in2 are assumed to be L level and H level, respectively.
- the L level is 0 [V] (“0”) and the H level is the power supply voltage [V] (“1”).
- the PMOS transistors 21 and 22 are turned on, and the nodes A and B are charged from the power supply VDD via the PMOS transistors 21 and 22, respectively.
- the electric charge Q1 is accumulated in the node A
- the electric charge Q2 is accumulated in the node B
- both the node A and the node B become H level
- the output signal out1 of the CMOS inverter 25 The output signals out2 of the CMOS inverters 26 are both at the L level.
- the PMOS transistors 33a and 34a are also turned on, so that the nodes C and D are also charged and become H level.
- the NMOS transistor of the CMOS inverter 24 is turned on and the NMOS transistor of the CMOS inverter 23 is turned on. Further, when the nodes C and D become H level, the NMOS transistors 31 and 32 are also turned on.
- the operation of the nonvolatile logic circuit 10A when the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are in the non-complementary state will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 9.
- the MTJ elements M1 and M2 are both in the low resistance state R P.
- the input signals in1 and in2 are assumed to be L level (“0”) and H level (“1”), respectively.
- the charge accumulated at the node A flows out to the GND via the NMOS transistor 11a, the MTJ element M1 and the NMOS transistor 13, and the charge accumulated at the node B is reduced to the NMOS transistors 11c and MTJ. It flows out to GND via the element M2 and the NMOS transistor 13.
- the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are in the non-complementary state, there is no difference between the speed at which the charges accumulated at the node A flow out and the speed at which the charges accumulated at the node B flow out, and The potential and the potential of the node B continue to drop at the same time.
- the NMOS transistors 33b and 34b are turned on ((i) in FIG. 9), and the node C stored in the precharge period is stored. 9 and the charge of the node D are discharged ((ii) in FIG. 9), and the potential of the node C and the potential of the node D decrease. As a result, the PMOS transistors 37 and 38 are turned on and the NMOS transistors 31 and 32 are turned off ((iii) in FIG. 9).
- the NMOS transistors 31 and 32 are turned off, while the nodes A and B are recharged from the power supply VDD via the PMOS transistors 37 and 38 ((iv) in FIG. 9).
- the conventional non-volatile logic circuit has a discrimination circuit 3 (in particular, a PMOS transistor 33a, an NMOS transistor 33b, a PMOS transistor 34a, an NMOS transistor 34b, inverters 35 and 36, and PMOS transistors 37 and 38). Absent.
- a discrimination circuit 3 in particular, a PMOS transistor 33a, an NMOS transistor 33b, a PMOS transistor 34a, an NMOS transistor 34b, inverters 35 and 36, and PMOS transistors 37 and 38.
- the transition is made to any stable point in the SRAM structure configured by two inverters.
- the non-complementary state cannot be used, and even if the non-complementary state suddenly becomes the non-complementary state, The condition could not be determined.
- the nonvolatile logic circuit 10A of the present embodiment when the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are in the non-complementary state, the potentials of the nodes A and B of the output circuit 2 are determined by the determination circuit 3 during the evaluation period. By detecting that the voltage has dropped below the threshold and recharging the nodes A and B, further discharge of electric charge is stopped. As a result, the output corresponding to the non-complementary state is guaranteed, and the non-complementary state can be determined. Needless to say, even when the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are both in the high resistance state RAP , the non-complementary state can be similarly determined.
- nonvolatile logic circuits 10 and 10A in contrast to the conventional circuit structure in which 1 bit (2 states) is expressed by using a pair of complementary MTJ elements, By incorporating a mechanism (discrimination circuit 3) for detecting a non-complementary state which has not been used conventionally, it is possible to enhance the function without increasing the circuit scale. Further, by utilizing not only the complementary state but also the non-complementary state, it is possible to design the MTJ element making the most of the property. Further, even when the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are in the non-complementary state, the output corresponding to the non-complementary state is guaranteed, so that the reliability can be improved.
- a first embodiment in which the nonvolatile logic circuit 10A according to the present embodiment (see FIGS. 5 to 9) is applied to a ternary neural network (TNN) will be described.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the arithmetic device 100A according to the first embodiment.
- the arithmetic unit 100A includes a plurality of nonvolatile logic circuits 10A and an adder 50 connected to each output terminal of the nonvolatile logic circuits 10A.
- each nonvolatile logic circuit 10A corresponds to a Ternary Computation Unit (TCU) which is a main component of TNN.
- TCU Ternary Computation Unit
- Example 1 the resistance states of the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are expressed as m1 and m2, respectively. Further, the high resistance state RAP is described as “1” and the low resistance state R P is described as “0”. As shown in FIG. 11, the logical value represented by the input signals (in1, in2) is IN, the logical value represented by the resistance states (m1, m2) is M, and the logical value represented by the output signals (out1, out2) is OUT. It is written as. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, logical values “+1”, “0” and “ ⁇ 1” are assigned to the three states (0, 1), (0, 0) and (1, 0), respectively. ..
- FIG. 13 shows a truth table of the arithmetic function by each nonvolatile logic circuit 10A.
- the output signals (out1, out2) obtained by each of the plurality of nonvolatile logic circuits 10A are added by the adder 50.
- the non-complementary state (0,0) is also used as one of the information representations
- two arithmetic block TCUs that perform multiplication by the ternary representation (+1,0,-1) in TNN are used.
- a compact structure can be achieved using the MTJ elements M1 and M2. This allows a breakthrough for the needs of AI hardware to be provided by the circuit/device technology.
- FIG. 14 shows the configuration of the error detection device 100B according to the second embodiment.
- the error detection device 100B includes a non-volatile logic circuit 10B and a NOR gate 60, as shown in FIG.
- the nonvolatile logic circuit 10B is composed of the same circuit as the nonvolatile logic circuit 10 of FIG.
- the output terminal of the output circuit 2 of the nonvolatile logic circuit 10B is connected to the input terminal of the NOR gate 60.
- the output signals out1 and out2 When the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 of the nonvolatile logic circuit 10B are in a complementary state, the output signals out1 and out2 also have complementary values ((0, 1) or (1, 0)), and the NOR gate 60 outputs a logical value. "0" is output.
- the output signals out1 and out2 when the pair of MTJ elements M1 and M2 are in the non-complementary state, the output signals out1 and out2 also have non-complementary values (0, 0) in the evaluation period, and the NOR gate 60 outputs the logical value "1" to the error signal ERR. Is output as.
- the operation unit 11A that performs the XNOR operation has been described as an example of the operation unit 11, but a circuit configuration that performs another logical operation (AND, OR, etc.) according to the operation purpose is adopted. Good.
- the resistance change type storage element included in the storage unit 12 is not limited to the MTJ element, and a resistance change type storage element other than the MTJ element may be adopted.
Abstract
Description
図1に、不揮発性論理回路10の機能ブロック図を示す。不揮発性論理回路10は、不揮発性のロジックインメモリ(logic-in-memory)回路であり、図1に示すように、演算回路1と、出力回路2と、判別回路3と、を備える。
2 出力回路
3 判別回路
10、10A、10B 不揮発性論理回路
11、11A 演算部
12 記憶部
12a フリー層
12b バリア層
12c 固定層
13、31、32、33b、34b NMOSトランジスタ
21、22、33a、34a、37、38 PMOSトランジスタ
23、24、25、26 CMOSインバータ
50 加算器
60 NORゲート
100A 演算装置
100B 誤り検出装置
A、B、C、D ノード
M1、M2 MTJ素子
Claims (7)
- 一対の抵抗変化型記憶素子を有する記憶部と、
前記記憶部に接続され、入力信号と、前記一対の抵抗変化型記憶素子の抵抗に対応する論理値とに基づく演算を実行する演算部と、
前記一対の抵抗変化型記憶素子の抵抗が相補状態にあるか非相補状態にあるかを判別する判別回路と、
前記演算部及び前記判別回路に接続され、前記演算部による演算結果に対応する信号又は前記判別回路による判別結果に対応する信号を出力する出力回路と、
を備える不揮発性論理回路。 - 前記一対の抵抗変化型記憶素子の抵抗が相補状態にあるとき、
前記演算部は、前記入力信号と、相補状態に対応する論理値とを用いた演算を実行し、
前記出力回路は、前記演算部による演算結果に対応する信号を出力する、請求項1に記載の不揮発性論理回路。 - 前記一対の抵抗変化型記憶素子の抵抗が非相補状態にあるとき、
前記出力回路は、前記一対の抵抗変化型記憶素子の抵抗が非相補状態にあることを示す信号を出力する、請求項1又は2に記載の不揮発性論理回路。 - 前記一対の抵抗変化型記憶素子の抵抗が非相補状態にあるとき、
前記演算部は、前記入力信号と、非相補状態に対応する論理値とを用いた演算を実行し、
前記出力回路は、前記演算部による演算結果に対応する信号を出力する、請求項1又は2に記載の不揮発性論理回路。 - 前記出力回路は、前記一対の抵抗変化型記憶素子の抵抗に応じて電位が変化する一対のノードを有し、
前記判別回路は、前記一対のノードの電位を検知して、前記一対の抵抗変化型記憶素子の抵抗が相補状態にあるか非相補状態にあるかを判別する、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の不揮発性論理回路。 - 前記一対の抵抗変化型記憶素子の抵抗が非相補状態にあるとき、
前記判別回路は、前記一対のノードの電位が閾値よりも下がると、当該一対のノードをチャージさせる、請求項5に記載の不揮発性論理回路。 - 前記一対の抵抗変化型記憶素子の各々は磁気トンネル接合素子である、請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の不揮発性論理回路。
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JP2005235307A (ja) * | 2004-02-19 | 2005-09-02 | Tohoku Techno Arch Co Ltd | 磁気抵抗効果素子を用いたロジックインメモリ回路 |
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