WO2020129683A1 - 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、レジスト膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 - Google Patents
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、レジスト膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
- G03F7/32—Liquid compositions therefor, e.g. developers
- G03F7/325—Non-aqueous compositions
- G03F7/327—Non-aqueous alkaline compositions, e.g. anhydrous quaternary ammonium salts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/40—Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a resist film, a pattern forming method, and an electronic device manufacturing method.
- Patent Document 1 describes a resist composition containing a resin having an ⁇ -hydroxymethylacrylic acid skeleton and triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate. Further, Patent Document 2 describes a resist composition containing a specific photo-acid generator.
- the present invention is an actinic ray having excellent EL, small LWR and LER, and excellent CDU when forming an ultrafine pattern (for example, a line and space pattern having a line width of 45 nm or a hole pattern having a hole size of 45 nm or less). It is an object of the present invention to provide a photosensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a resist film using the above actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a pattern forming method, and an electronic device manufacturing method.
- the present invention is as follows.
- the photo-acid generator Aw is an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, which is a compound that generates an acid having a pKa of -1.40 or more when irradiated with actinic rays or radiation.
- M p represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- L p represents a divalent linking group.
- X p represents O, S, or NR N1 .
- R N1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R p represents a monovalent organic group.
- the acid having a pKa of -1.40 or more is a sulfonic acid represented by any one of the following general formulas (Aw-1), (Aw-2) and (I) to (V), ⁇ 1> or The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to ⁇ 2>.
- R 11W represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 12W represents a monovalent organic group.
- Rf 1W represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a monovalent organic group.
- R 21W , R 22W , and R 23W each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a monovalent organic group.
- R 24W represents a monovalent organic group.
- Rf 2W represents a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group containing a fluorine atom.
- R 11 and R 12 each independently represent a monovalent organic group.
- R 13 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- L 1 represents a group represented by —CO—O—, —CO—, —O—, —S—, —O—CO—, —S—CO— or —CO—S—.
- R 21 and R 22 each independently represent a monovalent organic group.
- R 23 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- L 2 represents a group represented by —CO—, —O—, —S—, —O—CO—, —S—CO— or —CO—S—. Two selected from R 21 , R 22 and R 23 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- R 31 and R 33 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. R 31 and R 33 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- R 41 and R 43 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. R 41 and R 43 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- R 51 , R 52, and R 53 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. Two selected from R 51 , R 52 and R 53 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- the acid having a pKa of -1.40 or more is an alkylsulfonic acid
- the above alkyl sulfonic acid is An alkyl sulfonic acid containing no fluorine atom, or A fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group is bonded to the ⁇ -position carbon atom of the sulfonic acid group, and the number of fluorine atoms bonded to the ⁇ -position carbon atom of the sulfonic acid group, and the ⁇ -position of the sulfonic acid group
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, which is an alkylsulfonic acid having a total number of fluoroalkyl groups bonded to carbon atoms of 1.
- the group represented by L p -R p in the general formula (P1) includes a polar group,
- the polar group is an ester group, sulfonate group, sulfonamide group, carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, carbonate group, carbamate group, hydroxyl group, sulfoxide group, sulfonyl group, ketone group, imide group, amide group, sulfonimide group,
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, which is at least one group selected from the group consisting of a cyano group, a nitro group, and an ether group.
- ⁇ 7> Any of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, wherein L p represents —CO—O—, —CO—, —NR L1 —, a divalent aromatic group, or a divalent linking group formed by combining these.
- Item 2. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to item 1. However, R L1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- M p represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- M p1 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R p represents a monovalent organic group.
- M p1 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R p represents a monovalent organic group.
- R N1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R p1 to R p3 each independently represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. Any two of R p1 to R p3 may combine to form a ring structure. * Represents a binding site to the oxygen atom to which R p is bound.
- R p4 and R p5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- R p6 represents an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group. Any two of R p4 to R p6 may combine to form a ring structure.
- * Represents a binding site to the oxygen atom to which R p is bound.
- the resin P is a repeating unit different from the repeating unit represented by the general formula (P1) and further includes a repeating unit K1 having an acid-decomposable group.
- ⁇ 12> Any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11>, wherein the resin P is a repeating unit different from the repeating unit represented by the general formula (P1) and further includes a repeating unit K2 having a polar group.
- ⁇ 13> Generates a basic compound (DA), a basic compound (DB) whose basicity decreases or disappears upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, and an acid having a pKa that is 1.00 or more larger than the acid generated from the photoacid generator Aw.
- Compound (DC) a compound having a nitrogen atom and having a group capable of leaving by the action of an acid (DD), and an onium salt compound having a nitrogen atom in the cation portion (DE) are further contained.
- ⁇ 14> A resist film formed using the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 13>.
- ⁇ 15> A pattern forming method using the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 13>.
- ⁇ 16> A method for manufacturing an electronic device, including the pattern forming method according to ⁇ 15>.
- the resin P in the present invention has a repeating unit represented by formula (P1), the repeating unit, because it has a protonic group represented by -X p H, photoacid generator It is considered that it is possible to suppress the diffusion of the generated acid by interacting with the acid generated from (generated acid). Further, in the present invention, a photo-acid generator Aw that generates an acid having a pKa of ⁇ 1.40 or more is used.
- the acid generated from the photo-acid generator Aw is a weak acid having a pKa of -1.40 or more, the electron density of the atom (typically a hetero atom) bonded to the proton of the generated acid is high, and the resin P interaction of protic group represented by -X p H of, stronger than the strong acid is considered that diffusion of the generated acid is more effectively suppressed.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION when forming an ultrafine pattern (for example, line width 45nm line and space pattern or a hole pattern whose hole size is 45 nm or less), it is excellent in EL, small LWR and LER, and excellent in CDU. It is possible to provide an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a resist film using the above actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a pattern forming method, and an electronic device manufacturing method.
- the “actinic ray” or “radiation” means, for example, a bright line spectrum of a mercury lamp, deep ultraviolet rays represented by excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV), X-rays, and electron beams (EB: Electron Beam) and the like.
- the term "light” as used herein means actinic rays or radiation.
- exposure in the present specification means not only exposure using a bright line spectrum of a mercury lamp, deep ultraviolet rays represented by excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet rays, X-rays, EUV, etc., but also electron beams and ions. Includes drawing with particle beams such as beams.
- “to” is used to mean that numerical values described before and after the “to” are included as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- (meth)acrylate represents acrylate and methacrylate.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw), number average molecular weight (Mn), and dispersity (also referred to as molecular weight distribution) (Mw/Mn) of the resin are GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) device (HLC-manufactured by Tosoh Corporation).
- GPC GPC measurement (solvent: tetrahydrofuran, flow rate (sample injection amount): 10 ⁇ L, column: TSK gel Multipore HXL-M manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, column temperature: 40° C., flow rate: 1.0 mL/min, detector: differential refraction It is defined as a polystyrene conversion value by a rate detector (Refractive Index Detector).
- pKa acid dissociation constant pKa
- pKa acid dissociation constant pKa in an aqueous solution
- the value of pKa can be calculated by using the following software package 1 to calculate a value based on a database of Hammett's substituent constants and known literature values. All pKa values given herein refer to values calculated using this software package.
- notation that does not indicate substituted or unsubstituted includes a group having a substituent as well as a group having no substituent.
- the “alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- the "organic group” in this specification means the group containing at least 1 carbon atom.
- the kind of the substituent, the position of the substituent, and the number of the substituents when “may have a substituent” are not particularly limited.
- the number of substituents may be, for example, 1, 2, 3, or more.
- the substituent include a monovalent non-metal atomic group excluding a hydrogen atom, which can be selected from the following substituents T, for example.
- a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom
- an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group and a tert-butoxy group
- an aryloxy group such as a phenoxy group and a p-tolyloxy group
- Alkoxycarbonyl group such as methoxycarbonyl group, butoxycarbonyl group and phenoxycarbonyl group
- Acyloxy group such as acetoxy group, propionyloxy group and benzoyloxy group
- an alkylsulfanyl group such as a methylsulfanyl group and a tert-butylsulfanyl group
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as “the composition of the present invention”) comprises a resin P having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (P1) and a photoacid generator.
- the photoacid generator Aw containing the agent Aw is a compound that generates an acid having a pKa of ⁇ 1.40 or more when irradiated with an actinic ray or radiation.
- the composition of the present invention is a so-called resist composition, and may be a positive resist composition or a negative resist composition. Further, it may be a resist composition for alkali development or a resist composition for organic solvent development.
- the composition of the present invention is typically a chemically amplified resist composition.
- composition of the present invention contains a resin having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (P1) (also referred to as “resin P”).
- M p represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- L p represents a divalent linking group.
- X p represents O, S, or NR N1 .
- R N1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R p represents a monovalent organic group.
- M p represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group when M p represents a divalent linking group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include —C( ⁇ O)—, —O—, —S( ⁇ O) 2 — and an alkylene group. (It may be linear or branched. It is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), a cycloalkylene group (preferably a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms), a divalent heterocyclic group, a divalent divalent group.
- Aromatic group (preferably an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and further preferably a phenylene group), —NR M1 — and a linking group formed by combining these.
- R M1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and preferably represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent).
- the alkylene group, cycloalkylene group, divalent heterocyclic group, and divalent aromatic group may have a substituent.
- M p is preferably a single bond or an alkylene group, and more preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- M p is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- the length of the side chain represented by M p -X p -H of the resin P is appropriately shortened, so that the resin P has a high glass transition. You can keep the points. This further suppresses acid diffusion as compared to the case where the side chain is longer.
- M p is more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, further preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, particularly preferably a methylene group or an ethylene group, and a methylene group. Most preferably.
- L p represents a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group represented by L p is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include —C( ⁇ O)—, —O—, —S( ⁇ O) 2 —, an alkylene group (straight chain or branched chain).
- an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms a cycloalkylene group (preferably a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms), a divalent heterocyclic group, a divalent aromatic group (preferably having a carbon number) It is preferably an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a phenylene group), —NR L1 — and a linking group formed by combining these.
- R L1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and preferably represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent).
- the alkylene group, cycloalkylene group, divalent heterocyclic group, and divalent aromatic group may have a substituent.
- the above-mentioned substituent T is mentioned as said substituent.
- L p preferably represents —CO—O—, —CO—, —NR L1 —, a divalent aromatic group, or a divalent linking group formed by combining these, and represents —CO—O—. Is more preferable.
- —CO—O— the left hand (carbonyl group) is bonded to the main chain of the general formula (P1), and the right hand (oxygen atom) is the general formula (P1). It is preferable to bind to R p of.
- R N1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkylsulfonyl group (preferably an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), an alkyl group (linear chain). Or a branched chain, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms) Etc.
- R N1 is preferably an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with a fluorine atom, and most preferably a trifluoromethylsulfonyl group.
- X p preferably represents O or NR N1, and more preferably represents O.
- R p represents a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group represented by R p is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkyl group (which may be linear or branched, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), and a cycloalkyl group (preferably Examples thereof include a group having a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms), a cyano group, a lactone group, a sultone group and the like.
- the alkyl group and the cycloalkyl group may have a hetero atom (for example, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, etc.) between carbon-carbon bonds.
- the above groups given as examples of R p may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include the above-mentioned substituent T, and preferably an alkyl group and a hydroxyl group.
- Aspect 1 Aspect in which the group represented by L p -R p contains an acid-decomposable group
- Aspect 2 Aspect in which the group represented by L p -R p contains a polar group
- the acid-decomposable group is a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to increase its polarity.
- the resin P is an acid-decomposable resin.
- the resin P is an acid-decomposable resin, in the pattern forming method using the composition of the present invention, typically, when an alkali developing solution is used as the developing solution, a positive pattern is preferably formed and When an organic developer is used as the liquid, a negative pattern is preferably formed.
- the acid-decomposable group preferably includes a structure in which a polar group is protected by a group that decomposes and leaves by the action of an acid (leaving group).
- a polar group carboxy group, phenolic hydroxyl group, fluorinated alcohol group, sulfonic acid group, sulfonamide group, sulfonylimide group, (alkylsulfonyl)(alkylcarbonyl)methylene group, (alkylsulfonyl)(alkylcarbonyl)imide group , Bis(alkylcarbonyl)methylene group, bis(alkylcarbonyl)imide group, bis(alkylsulfonyl)methylene group, bis(alkylsulfonyl)imide group, tris(alkylcarbonyl)methylene group, tris(alkylsulfonyl)methylene group, etc.
- Acid groups (groups that dissociate in a 2.38 mass
- the alcoholic hydroxyl group is a hydroxyl group bonded to a hydrocarbon group and is a hydroxyl group other than a hydroxyl group directly bonded to an aromatic ring (phenolic hydroxyl group), and the ⁇ -position of the hydroxyl group is electron withdrawing such as a fluorine atom.
- Aliphatic alcohols substituted with a sexual group for example, a hexafluoroisopropanol group and the like
- the alcoholic hydroxyl group is preferably a hydroxyl group having a pKa (acid dissociation constant) of 12 to 20.
- the polar group is preferably a carboxy group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a fluorinated alcohol group (preferably a hexafluoroisopropanol group), or a sulfonic acid group.
- the preferred group as the acid-decomposable group is a group in which the hydrogen atom of these groups is substituted with a group capable of leaving by the action of an acid (leaving group).
- Examples of the group capable of leaving by the action of an acid (leaving group) include, for example, —C(R 36 )(R 37 )(R 38 ), —C(R 36 )(R 37 )(OR 39 ), and — Examples thereof include C(R 01 )(R 02 )(OR 39 ).
- R 36 to R 39 each independently represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an alkenyl group.
- R 36 and R 37 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- R 01 and R 02 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an alkenyl group.
- the alkyl group of R 36 to R 39 , R 01 and R 02 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group and hexyl. Group, octyl group and the like.
- the cycloalkyl group of R 36 to R 39 , R 01 , and R 02 may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms is preferable, and examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- a cycloalkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable, and examples thereof include an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, an isobornyl group, a camphanyl group, a dicyclopentyl group, an ⁇ -pinel group, a tricyclodecanyl group, and a tetracyclododecyl group. , And androstanyl group and the like.
- one or more carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl group may be substituted with a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom.
- the aryl group of R 36 to R 39 , R 01 , and R 02 is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group.
- the aralkyl group of R 36 to R 39 , R 01 , and R 02 is preferably an aralkyl group having a carbon number of 7 to 12, and examples thereof include a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, and a naphthylmethyl group.
- the alkenyl group of R 36 to R 39 , R 01 , and R 02 is preferably an alkenyl group having a carbon number of 2 to 8, and examples thereof include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a butenyl group, and a cyclohexenyl group.
- the ring formed by combining R 36 and R 37 with each other is preferably a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic or polycyclic).
- the monocyclic cycloalkyl group is preferably a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group or the like, and the polycyclic cycloalkyl group is preferably a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group or an adamantyl group.
- a tertiary alkyl ester group, an acetal group, a cumyl ester group, an enol ester group, or an acetal ester group is preferable, and an acetal group or a tertiary alkyl ester group is more preferable.
- R p contains a polar group.
- the polar group include ester group, sulfonate group, sulfonamide group, carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, carbonate group, carbamate group, hydroxyl group, sulfoxide group, sulfonyl group, ketone group, imide group, amide group, sulfonimide group.
- the lactone structure or sultone structure may have a lactone ring or a sultone ring, and is preferably a lactone structure having a 5- to 7-membered lactone ring or a sultone structure having a 5- to 7-membered sultone ring.
- a lactone structure in which another ring is condensed to the 5- to 7-membered lactone ring in the form of forming a bicyclo structure or a spiro structure is also preferable.
- a sultone structure in which another ring is condensed to a 5- to 7-membered sultone ring so as to form a bicyclo structure or a spiro structure is also preferable.
- the group represented by L p -R p is a lactone structure represented by any of the following general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-22), or a group represented by the following general formulas (SL1-1) to (SL1-1) It is preferable to include a repeating unit having a sultone structure represented by any of SL1-3). Further, the lactone structure or the sultone structure may be directly bonded to the main chain.
- a lactone structure represented by the general formula (LC1-22) or a sultone structure represented by the general formula (SL1-1) is preferable.
- the lactone structure or sultone structure may or may not have a substituent (Rb 2 ).
- a substituent (Rb 2 ) an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a carboxy group, A halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group or the like is preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a cyano group is more preferable.
- n 2 represents an integer of 0 to 4. When n 2 is 2 or more, a plurality of substituents (Rb 2 ) may be the same or different. Further, a plurality of substituents (Rb 2 ) may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (P1) is preferably a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (P2) or (P3), and is a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (P2). Is more preferable.
- M p1 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R p represents a monovalent organic group.
- M p1 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R p represents a monovalent organic group.
- R N1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- M p1 in the general formulas (P2) and (P3) each independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Is more preferable, a methylene group or an ethylene group is particularly preferable, and a methylene group is most preferable.
- R p in general formulas (P2) and (P3) each independently represents a monovalent organic group, and specific examples thereof are the same as R p in general formula (P1).
- R p in the general formulas (P2) and (P3) is preferably an organic group represented by the following general formula (RP-1) or (RP-2).
- R p1 to R p3 each independently represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. Any two of R p1 to R p3 may combine to form a ring structure. * Represents a binding site to the oxygen atom to which R p is bound.
- R p4 and R p5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- R p6 represents an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group. Any two of R p4 to R p6 may combine to form a ring structure. * Represents a binding site to the oxygen atom to which R p is bound.
- R p1 to R p3 in the general formula (RP-1) each independently represent an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- the alkyl group in the case where R p1 to R p3 represent an alkyl group may be linear or branched and is not particularly limited, but an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable. A group is more preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is further preferable.
- Examples thereof include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, hexyl group, and octyl group.
- the above alkyl group may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include the above-mentioned substituent T.
- the cycloalkyl group in the case where R p1 to R p3 represent a cycloalkyl group is not particularly limited and may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms is preferable, and examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- a cycloalkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable, and examples thereof include an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, an isobornyl group, a camphanyl group, a dicyclopentyl group, an ⁇ -pinel group, a tricyclodecanyl group, and a tetracyclodecyl group. , A tetracyclododecyl group, an androstanyl group and the like.
- one or more carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl group may be substituted with a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom.
- the cycloalkyl group may have a substituent.
- substituents examples include the above-mentioned substituent T.
- R p1 to R p3 represent an aryl group
- the aryl group is not particularly limited, preferably an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, and most preferably a phenyl group. ..
- the aryl group may have a substituent.
- substituent T examples include the above-mentioned substituent T.
- Any two of R p1 to R p3 may combine to form a ring structure.
- the ring formed by combining any two of R p1 to R p3 may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- An example of the monocycle is preferably a ring having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a monocyclic cycloalkane ring such as a cyclopentyl ring, a cyclohexyl ring, a cycloheptyl ring, and a cyclooctane ring.
- a ring having 5 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable, and examples thereof include polycyclic cycloalkyl rings such as a norbornane ring, a tetracyclodecane ring, a tetracyclododecane ring, and an adamantane ring.
- polycyclic cycloalkyl rings such as a norbornane ring, a tetracyclodecane ring, a tetracyclododecane ring, and an adamantane ring.
- a cyclopentyl ring, a cyclohexyl ring, or an adamantane ring is preferable.
- the rings shown below are also preferable.
- R p4 and R p5 in formula (RP-2) each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- R p6 represents an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- R p4 to R p6 in the general formula (RP-2) represent an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group
- specific examples and preferred examples thereof include R p1 to R p3 in the general formula (RP-1) being an alkyl group.
- R p4 and R p5 represents a hydrogen atom and the other represents an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- the resin P may contain one kind of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (P1), or may contain two or more kinds in combination.
- the content of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (P1) contained in the resin P (the total content when there are a plurality of repeating units represented by the general formula (P1)) is equal to all the repeating units of the resin P.
- the amount is preferably 5 to 90 mol%, more preferably 10 to 80 mol%, still more preferably 10 to 70 mol%.
- the resin P is a repeating unit different from the repeating unit represented by the general formula (P1), and may further include a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group (also referred to as “repeating unit K1”). ..
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (P1) does not have an acid-decomposable group, it preferably has a repeating unit K1.
- the acid-decomposable group in the repeating unit K1 is the same as the acid-decomposable group described in the embodiment (Aspect 1) in which the group represented by L p -R p contains an acid-decomposable group.
- the resin P preferably contains a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (AI) as the repeating unit K1.
- T represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group of T include an alkylene group, an arylene group, —COO—Rt—, and —O—Rt—.
- Rt represents an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or an arylene group.
- T is preferably a single bond or -COO-Rt-.
- Rt is preferably a chain alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably —CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 2 —, or —(CH 2 ) 3 —. More preferably, T is a single bond.
- Xa 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group.
- Xa 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group of Xa 1 may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxyl group and a halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom).
- the alkyl group of Xa 1 preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, and a trifluoromethyl group.
- the alkyl group of Xa 1 is preferably a methyl group.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represent an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group. Any two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may be combined to form a ring structure, or may not be formed.
- the alkyl group of Rx 1 , Rx 2 , and Rx 3 may be linear or branched, and may be a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group. , Isobutyl group, t-butyl group and the like are preferable.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and further preferably has 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- a part of carbon-carbon bonds may be a double bond.
- the cycloalkyl group of Rx 1 , Rx 2 , and Rx 3 may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the monocyclic cycloalkyl group include a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group. Examples of the polycyclic cycloalkyl group include a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group.
- the ring formed by combining two of Rx 1 , Rx 2 , and Rx 3 may be a monocycle or a polycycle.
- the monocyclic ring include monocyclic cycloalkane rings such as cyclopentyl ring, cyclohexyl ring, cycloheptyl ring, and cyclooctane ring.
- polycycles include polycyclic cycloalkyl rings such as norbornane ring, tetracyclodecane ring, tetracyclododecane ring, and adamantane ring.
- a cyclopentyl ring, a cyclohexyl ring, or an adamantane ring is preferable.
- the ring formed by combining two of Rx 1 , Rx 2 , and Rx 3 the ring shown below is also preferable.
- the resin P has, as the repeating unit K1, the repeating unit described in paragraphs [0336] to [0369] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0070167A1.
- the resin P has a repeating unit K1 containing a group described in paragraphs [0363] to [0364] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0070167A1 which decomposes to give an alcoholic hydroxyl group by the action of an acid. It may have a unit.
- the type of the repeating unit K1 contained in the resin P may be one type or two or more types.
- the content of the repeating unit K1 contained in the resin P (the total content when there are a plurality of repeating units K1) is 10 with respect to all the repeating units of the resin P. It is preferably from 90 to 90 mol %, more preferably from 20 to 80 mol %, even more preferably from 30 to 70 mol %.
- the resin P is a repeating unit different from the repeating unit represented by the general formula (P1), and may further include a repeating unit having another polar group (also referred to as “repeating unit K2”). ..
- the group represented by L p -R p in the general formula (P1) does not have a polar group (more specifically, when R p does not have a polar group and the resin P (Wherein no repeating unit having a polar group other than the repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group) has a repeating unit K2.
- the polar group in the repeating unit K2 is the same as the polar group described in the embodiment (Aspect 2) in which the group represented by L p -R p contains a polar group.
- the repeating unit K2 is preferably a repeating unit having a lactone structure or a sultone structure, and is preferably a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (LS1).
- a LS represents an ester bond (a group represented by —COO—) or an amide bond (a group represented by —CONH—).
- t is the repeating number of the structure represented by —R LS2 —R LS3 — and represents an integer of 0 to 5, preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0.
- (-R LS2 -R LS3 -)t is a single bond.
- R LS2 represents an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or a combination thereof. When there are a plurality of R LS2 , the plurality of R LS2 may be the same or different.
- the alkylene group or cycloalkylene group of R LS2 may have a substituent.
- R LS3 represents a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a urethane bond, or a urea bond. When there are a plurality of R LS3 , the plurality of R LS3 may be the same or different. Of these, R LS3 is preferably an ether bond or an ester bond, and more preferably an ester bond.
- R LS4 represents a monovalent organic group having a lactone structure or a sultone structure.
- a lactone structure it is preferably a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from one carbon atom constituting the sultone structure.
- the carbon atom from which one hydrogen atom is removed is preferably not the carbon atom constituting the substituent (Rb 2 ).
- R LS1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group (preferably a methyl group).
- Examples of the monomer corresponding to the repeating unit having at least one selected from the group consisting of a lactone structure and a sultone structure are shown below.
- the methyl group bonded to the vinyl group may be replaced with a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group.
- the repeating unit K2 may be a repeating unit having a carbonate structure.
- a carbonate structure a cyclic carbonic acid ester (cyclic carbonate) structure is preferable.
- the repeating unit having a cyclic carbonic acid ester structure is preferably a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (A-1).
- R A 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group (preferably a methyl group).
- n represents an integer of 0 or more.
- R A 2 represents a substituent. When n is 2 or more, a plurality of R A 2 may be the same or different.
- A represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Z represents an atomic group forming a monocycle or polycycle with the group represented by —O—CO—O— in the formula.
- the repeating unit K2 may be a repeating unit having a polar group such as a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a carboxy group, and a fluorinated alcohol group (eg, hexafluoroisopropanol group).
- the repeating unit having the polar group is preferably a repeating unit having an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure substituted with the polar group.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon structure substituted with a polar group is preferably a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, or a norbornane group.
- the resin P also preferably has, as the repeating unit K2, the repeating unit described in paragraphs [0370] to [0433] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0070167A1.
- the type of the repeating unit K2 contained in the resin P may be one type or two or more types.
- the content of the repeating unit K2 contained in the resin P (the total content when there are a plurality of repeating units K2) is 5 to 70 mol% is preferable, 10 to 65 mol% is more preferable, and 20 to 60 mol% is further preferable.
- the resin P is a repeating unit different from the repeating unit represented by the general formula (P1) and has neither an acid-decomposable group nor a polar group (also referred to as “repeating unit K3”). May be further included.
- the repeating unit K3 preferably has an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure. Examples of the repeating unit K3 include the repeating units described in paragraphs [0236] to [0237] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0026083A1. Hereinafter, preferable examples of the monomer corresponding to the repeating unit K3 are shown below.
- repeating unit K3 examples include the repeating unit disclosed in paragraph [0433] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0070167A1.
- the type of the repeating unit K3 contained in the resin P may be one type or two or more types.
- the content of the repeating unit K3 (the total content when there are a plurality of repeating units K3) is 5 to 40 mol% based on all the repeating units in the resin P. Is preferred, 5 to 30 mol% is more preferred, and 5 to 25 mol% is even more preferred.
- the resin P may be used as another repeating unit in addition to the above repeating structural unit, dry etching resistance, standard developing solution suitability, substrate adhesion, resist profile, or resolving power which is a general necessary property of resist, It may have various repeating units for the purpose of adjusting heat resistance, sensitivity and the like. Examples of such repeating units include, but are not limited to, repeating units corresponding to a predetermined monomer.
- the predetermined monomer has, for example, one addition-polymerizable unsaturated bond selected from acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, acrylamides, methacrylamides, allyl compounds, vinyl ethers, and vinyl esters. A compound etc. are mentioned.
- addition-polymerizable unsaturated compounds copolymerizable with the monomers corresponding to the above various repeating structural units may be used.
- the content molar ratio of each repeating structural unit is appropriately set in order to adjust various performances.
- the repeating unit having an aromatic group is 15 mol% or less with respect to all the repeating units in the resin P from the viewpoint of the transparency of ArF light. It is more preferably 10 mol% or less.
- the repeating units of the resin P are composed of (meth)acrylate-based repeating units.
- all of the repeating units are methacrylate repeating units
- all the repeating units are acrylate repeating units
- all of the repeating units are methacrylate repeating units and acrylate repeating units.
- the acrylate-based repeating unit is 50 mol% or less based on all the repeating units of the resin P.
- the resin P preferably has a repeating unit having an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, and the phenolic hydroxyl group is decomposed by the action of an acid. It is more preferable to include a repeating unit having a structure (acid-decomposable group) protected by a leaving group that is eliminated by Examples of the repeating unit containing a phenolic hydroxyl group include a hydroxystyrene repeating unit and a hydroxystyrene (meth)acrylate repeating unit.
- the content of the repeating unit having an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group contained in the resin P is in all repeating units in the resin P.
- 30 mol% or more is preferable.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is 100 mol% or less, for example. Among them, 30 to 100 mol% is preferable, 40 to 100 mol% is more preferable, and 50 to 100 mol% is further preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the resin P is preferably 1,000 to 200,000, more preferably 2,000 to 20,000, and even more preferably 3,000 to 20,000.
- the dispersity (Mw/Mn) is usually 1.0 to 3.0, preferably 1.0 to 2.6, more preferably 1.0 to 2.0, and further 1.1 to 2.0. preferable.
- the resin P may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the resin P is preferably 10% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 30% by mass or more and 90% by mass with respect to the total solid content. % Or less is more preferable.
- the solid content is intended to mean a component excluding the solvent in the composition, and a liquid component is regarded as a solid component as long as it is a component other than the solvent.
- the composition of the present invention contains a photo-acid generator Aw.
- the photoacid generator Aw is a compound that generates an acid having a pKa of -1.40 or more when irradiated with actinic rays or radiation.
- the photoacid generator Aw that generates a weak acid having a pKa of ⁇ 1.40 or more, when the photoacid generator that generates a strong acid having a pKa of less than ⁇ 1.40 is used, In comparison, the interaction with the resin P becomes stronger, and the diffusion of the generated acid can be suppressed, whereby the EL performance is improved, the LWR and LER are small, and the CDU is excellent.
- the acid generated from the photo-acid generator Aw has a pKa of ⁇ 1.40 or more, preferably ⁇ 1.30 or more, more preferably ⁇ 1.00 or more, and ⁇ 0.90 or more. More preferably, The upper limit of the pKa of the acid generated from the photo-acid generator Aw is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5.00 or less, more preferably 3.00 or less, and further preferably 2.50 or less. , 2.00 or less is particularly preferable.
- the photoacid generator Aw is preferably a compound (substantially an ionic compound) that does not contain an aromatic ring in the anion structure. Since such a photo-acid generator Aw has high transparency to ArF in particular, even when the exposure with ArF is performed, light sufficiently reaches the bottom of the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film. It tends to be easy to do.
- the acid having a pKa of -1.40 or more generated from the photo-acid generator Aw upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation is preferably a sulfonic acid.
- the acid having a pKa of -1.40 or more generated from the photoacid generator Aw upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation is preferably an alkylsulfonic acid.
- the alkyl sulfonic acid is an alkyl sulfonic acid containing no fluorine atom, or a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group is bonded to the carbon atom at the ⁇ -position of the sulfonic acid group, and ⁇ of the sulfonic acid group.
- the total number of the fluorine atoms bonded to the carbon atom at the position and the number of the fluoroalkyl group bonded to the carbon atom at the ⁇ -position of the sulfonic acid group is 1, which is an alkylsulfonic acid.
- the acid having a pKa of -1.40 or more generated from the photoacid generator Aw upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation is any of the following general formulas (Aw-1), (Aw-2) and (I) to (V).
- the sulfonic acid represented by In other words, the photoacid generator Aw is a sulfonic acid represented by any one of the following general formulas (Aw-1), (Aw-2) and (I) to (V) upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation. It is preferable that the compound generate
- R 11W represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 12W represents a monovalent organic group.
- Rf 1W represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a monovalent organic group.
- R 21W , R 22W , and R 23W each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a monovalent organic group.
- R 24W represents a monovalent organic group.
- Rf 2W represents a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group containing a fluorine atom.
- R 11 and R 12 each independently represent a monovalent organic group.
- R 13 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- L 1 represents a group represented by —CO—O—, —CO—, —O—, —S—, —O—CO—, —S—CO— or —CO—S—.
- R 11 , R 12 and R 13 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- R 21 and R 22 each independently represent a monovalent organic group.
- R 23 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- L 2 represents a group represented by —CO—, —O—, —S—, —O—CO—, —S—CO— or —CO—S—. Two of R 21 , R 22 and R 23 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- R 31 and R 33 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. R 31 and R 33 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- R 41 and R 43 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. R 41 and R 43 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- R 51 , R 52, and R 53 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. Two of R 51 , R 52 and R 53 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- R 11W represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group represented by R 11W is not particularly limited and is preferably an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of the monovalent organic group include an alkyl group and a cycloalkyl group, and the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and further preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the cycloalkyl group preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group represented by R 11W may further have a substituent.
- the monovalent organic group represented by R 11W preferably has no fluorine atom.
- R 11W is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 12W represents a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group represented by R 12W is not particularly limited and is preferably an organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and having 1 carbon atom. More preferably, the organic groups are from 10 to 10.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group include groups represented by *-L 11 -W 11 .
- L 11 represents a divalent linking group
- W 11 represents an organic group having a cyclic structure
- * represents a bonding position.
- Examples of the divalent linking group represented by L 11 include —COO—(—C( ⁇ O)—O—), —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CO—, —O— , —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, a linear or branched alkylene group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a cycloalkylene group (preferably having 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an alkenylene group ( Preferable ones are those having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and divalent linking groups obtained by combining a plurality of these.
- the above AL represents a linear or branched alkylene group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
- W 11 represents an organic group containing a cyclic structure.
- a cyclic organic group is preferable.
- the cyclic organic group include an alicyclic group, an aryl group, and a heterocyclic group.
- the alicyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the monocyclic alicyclic group include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- polycyclic alicyclic group examples include polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as norbornyl group, tricyclodecanyl group, tetracyclodecanyl group, tetracyclododecanyl group, and adamantyl group.
- polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as norbornyl group, tricyclodecanyl group, tetracyclodecanyl group, tetracyclododecanyl group, and adamantyl group.
- an alicyclic group having a bulky structure having 7 or more carbon atoms such as a norbornyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group is preferable.
- the aryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of this aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, and an anthryl group.
- the heterocyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Further, the heterocyclic group may have aromaticity or may not have aromaticity. Examples of the heterocyclic ring having aromaticity include a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a benzofuran ring, a benzothiophene ring, a dibenzofuran ring, a dibenzothiophene ring, and a pyridine ring.
- heterocycle having no aromaticity examples include a tetrahydropyran ring, a lactone ring, a sultone ring, and a decahydroisoquinoline ring.
- lactone ring and the sultone ring examples include the lactone structure and the sultone structure exemplified in the above resin.
- a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyridine ring, or a decahydroisoquinoline ring is particularly preferable as the heterocycle in the heterocyclic group.
- the above cyclic organic group may have a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group (which may be linear or branched and preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic, polycyclic, or spirocyclic). It may be any, and preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably has 6 to 14 carbon atoms), a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an ester group, an amide group, a urethane group, a ureido group, a thioether group, Examples thereof include a sulfonamide group and a sulfonic acid ester group.
- the carbon constituting the cyclic organic group may be carbonyl carbon.
- Rf 1W represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group represented by Rf 1W is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a monovalent organic group containing a fluorine atom, and an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom (straight chain or branched). Any of chain-like) or a cycloalkyl group is preferred.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, further preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably has 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the cycloalkyl group preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 6 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom is preferably a perfluoroalkyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom is preferably a perfluorocycloalkyl group.
- Rf 1W is preferably a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group. preferable.
- R 21W , R 22W , and R 23W each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group represented by R 21W , R 22W , and R 23W is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the groups exemplified as the above-mentioned substituent T.
- a fluorine atom, an alkyl group directly It may be chain-like or branched-chain, and preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, further preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group (having 3 to 20 carbon atoms).
- the alkyl group or cycloalkyl group represented by R 21W , R 22W , and R 23W may further have a substituent, for example, may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom is preferable.
- At least one of R 21W and R 22W preferably represents a group other than a fluorine atom, and more preferably both are hydrogen atoms.
- R 24W represents a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group represented by R 24W is preferably an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having no fluorine atom. Specific examples thereof include those similar to the monovalent organic group represented by R 12W in the general formula (Aw-1).
- Rf 2W represents a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group containing a fluorine atom.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group containing a fluorine atom represented by Rf 2W include those exemplified as the monovalent organic group containing a fluorine atom represented by Rf 1W in the general formula (Aw-1).
- the monovalent organic group is not particularly limited, but is preferably a group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably a group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and further preferably a group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, and an alkenyl group. These groups may further have a substituent.
- the substituent is not particularly limited, but is preferably a halogen atom, an alkyl group (which may be linear or branched, and preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic, polycyclic, spiro ring).
- any of the above may be used, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms), aryl group (preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms), hydroxy group, carbonyl group, ether group, cyano group, alkoxy group, ester group, amide group, Examples thereof include a urethane group, an ureido group, a thioether group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfonic acid ester group, and a group formed by combining two or more kinds selected from these groups.
- L 1 is represented by —CO—O—, —CO—, —O—, —S—, —O—CO—, —S—CO— or —CO—S—.
- the bond on the left side is bonded to the carbon atom to which the sulfonic acid group (—SO 3 H) is bonded, and the bond on the right side is bonded to R 12.
- L 2 represents a group represented by —CO—, —O—, —S—, —O—CO—, —S—CO— or —CO—S—, and is described above.
- the left bond is bonded to the carbon atom to which the sulfonic acid group (—SO 3 H) is bonded and the right bond is bonded to R 22 .
- the acid having a pKa of -1.40 or more generated from the photoacid generator Aw upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation is more preferably a sulfonic acid represented by the general formula (Aw-1) or (Aw-2).
- Rf 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group containing a fluorine atom.
- R 1 represents a monovalent organic group.
- Rf 2 and Rf 3 each independently represent a fluorine atom or an alkyl group containing a fluorine atom.
- R 2 represents a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group represented by R 1 and R 2 in the general formulas (a) and (b) is not particularly limited, but is preferably a group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms. A group, more preferably a group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, a cycloalkyloxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, and a cycloalkylcarbonyloxy group. These groups may further have a substituent.
- the preferred range of R 1 and R 2 is the same as that of R 12W .
- the alkyl group containing a fluorine atom as Rf 1 , Rf 2 and Rf 3 in the general formulas (a) and (b) represents an alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom, and the carbon of the alkyl group is The number is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3.
- the alkyl group containing a fluorine atom is preferably a perfluoroalkyl group, and more preferably a trifluoromethyl group.
- the photoacid generator Aw is preferably, for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (ZI), general formula (ZII) or general formula (ZIII).
- R 201 , R 202 and R 203 each independently represent an organic group.
- the carbon number of the organic group as R 201 , R 202 and R 203 is generally 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20.
- Two of R 201 to R 203 may combine to form a ring structure, and the ring may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, an amide bond, or a carbonyl group.
- Examples of the group formed by combining two members out of R 201 to R 203 include an alkylene group (eg, butylene group, pentylene group) and —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —CH 2 —.
- Z ⁇ represents an anion (preferably a non-nucleophilic anion), and is a sulfonic acid represented by any of the above general formulas (Aw-1), (Aw-2) and (I) to (V). It is preferred to represent the sulfonate anion corresponding to
- R 201 , R 202 and R 203 in the general formula (ZI) are each a compound (ZI-1), a compound (ZI-2) or a compound represented by the general formula (ZI-3) (compound (ZI- 3)) and the corresponding group in the compound represented by formula (ZI-4) (compound (ZI-4)).
- the photoacid generator Aw may be a compound having a plurality of structures represented by the general formula (ZI).
- at least one of R 201 to R 203 of the compound represented by general formula (ZI) and at least one of R 201 to R 203 of the other compound represented by general formula (ZI) are single bonds.
- it may be a compound having a structure bonded via a linking group.
- the compound represented by the general formula (ZI) includes a compound (ZI-1), a compound (ZI-2), a compound represented by the general formula (ZI-3) and a general formula (ZI-4) described below.
- the compound represented by can be mentioned.
- the compound (ZI-1) is an arylsulfonium compound in which at least one of R 201 to R 203 in the general formula (ZI) is an aryl group, that is, a compound having arylsulfonium as a cation.
- the arylsulfonium compound all of R 201 to R 203 may be an aryl group, or a part of R 201 to R 203 may be an aryl group and the rest may be an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- R 201 to R 203 is an aryl group, and the remaining two of R 201 to R 203 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure, and an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, It may contain an ester group, an amide group, or a carbonyl group.
- the group formed by combining two members out of R 201 to R 203 is, for example, one or more methylene groups substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester group, an amide group, and/or a carbonyl group.
- an alkylene group eg, butylene group, pentylene group, or —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —CH 2 —) group.
- arylsulfonium compound examples include a triarylsulfonium compound, a diarylalkylsulfonium compound, an aryldialkylsulfonium compound, a diarylcycloalkylsulfonium compound, and an aryldicycloalkylsulfonium compound.
- the aryl group contained in the arylsulfonium compound is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic structure having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom or the like. Examples of the heterocyclic structure include a pyrrole residue, a furan residue, a thiophene residue, an indole residue, a benzofuran residue, and a benzothiophene residue.
- the two or more aryl groups may be the same or different.
- the alkyl group or cycloalkyl group which the arylsulfonium compound optionally has is a straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, a branched chain alkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, or 3 to 15 carbon atoms. Is preferred, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a t-butyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
- the aryl group, alkyl group, and cycloalkyl group of R 201 to R 203 are each independently an alkyl group (for example, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (for example, 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an aryl group (for example, carbon atoms). It may have a C 6-14), an alkoxy group (for example, a C 1-15), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a phenylthio group as a substituent.
- the compound (ZI-2) is a compound in which R 201 to R 203 in formula (ZI) each independently represents an organic group having no aromatic ring.
- the aromatic ring also includes an aromatic ring containing a hetero atom.
- the organic group having no aromatic ring as R 201 to R 203 generally has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 201 to R 203 are each independently preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an allyl group or a vinyl group, more preferably a linear or branched 2-oxoalkyl group or 2-oxocyclo group.
- the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group of R 201 to R 203 are preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (eg, methyl group, ethyl group, A propyl group, a butyl group, and a pentyl group), and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a norbornyl group).
- R 201 to R 203 may be further substituted with a halogen atom, an alkoxy group (for example, having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group.
- M represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and when it has a ring structure, the ring structure has an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, an amide bond, and a carbon atom.
- -It may contain at least one carbon double bond.
- R 6c and R 7c each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group or an aryl group.
- R 6c and R 7c may combine to form a ring.
- R x and R y each independently represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an alkenyl group.
- R x and R y may combine to form a ring. Further, at least two selected from M, R 6c and R 7c may combine to form a ring structure, and the above ring structure may contain a carbon-carbon double bond.
- Z ⁇ represents an anion, and may represent a sulfonate anion corresponding to the sulfonic acid represented by any of the above general formulas (Aw-1), (Aw-2) and (I) to (V). preferable.
- the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group represented by M include a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms), and 3 to 15 carbon atoms (A branched chain alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms) is preferable, and specifically, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group. , N-butyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclohexyl group, norbornyl group and the like.
- the aryl group represented by M is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic structure having an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or the like. Examples of the heterocyclic structure include a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a benzofuran ring, and a benzothiophene ring.
- M may further have a substituent (for example, the substituent T).
- M may be a benzyl group.
- the ring structure may contain at least one of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, an amide bond, and a carbon-carbon double bond.
- Examples of the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, and aryl group represented by R 6c and R 7c include the same as those described above for M, and the preferred embodiments are also the same. R 6c and R 7c may combine with each other to form a ring. Examples of the halogen atom represented by R 6c and R 7c include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- alkyl group and cycloalkyl group represented by R x and R y are the same as those of M described above, and the preferable aspects thereof are also the same.
- the alkenyl group represented by R x and R y is preferably an allyl group or a vinyl group.
- the above R x and R y may further have a substituent (for example, the substituent T). Examples of this aspect include a 2-oxoalkyl group or an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group as R x and R y .
- Examples of the 2-oxoalkyl group represented by R x and R y include those having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms), specifically, 2-oxopropyl group, And a 2-oxobutyl group.
- Examples of the alkoxycarbonylalkyl group represented by R x and R y include those having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms).
- R x and R y may combine to form a ring.
- the ring structure formed by connecting R x and R y to each other may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, an amide bond, or a carbon-carbon double bond.
- M and R 6c may combine to form a ring structure, and the ring structure formed may contain a carbon-carbon double bond.
- the compound (ZI-3) is preferably the compound (ZI-3A).
- the compound (ZI-3A) is a compound represented by the following general formula (ZI-3A) and having a phenacylsulfonium salt structure.
- R 1c to R 5c are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, a cycloalkylcarbonyloxy group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group.
- the R 6c and R 7c has the same meaning as R 6c and R 7c in the above-mentioned general formula (ZI-3), preferred embodiments thereof are also the same.
- the R x and R y the same meaning as R x and R y in general formula described above (ZI-3), preferred embodiments thereof are also the same.
- R 1c to R 5c , R x and R y may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure, and these ring structures are each independently an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, It may contain an amide bond or a carbon-carbon double bond.
- R 5c and R 6c , R 5c and R x may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure, and the ring structure may independently include a carbon-carbon double bond.
- R 6c and R 7c may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- the ring structure examples include an aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring, an aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle, and a polycyclic fused ring formed by combining two or more of these rings.
- the ring structure includes a 3- to 10-membered ring, preferably a 4- to 8-membered ring, and more preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring.
- Examples of the group formed by combining any two or more members out of R 1c to R 5c , R 6c and R 7c , and R x and R y include a butylene group and a pentylene group.
- the group formed by combining R 5c and R 6c or R 5c and R x is preferably a single bond or an alkylene group.
- Examples of the alkylene group include a methylene group and an ethylene group.
- Zc ⁇ represents an anion, and may represent a sulfonate anion corresponding to the sulfonic acid represented by any one of the above general formulas (Aw-1), (Aw-2) and (I) to (V). preferable.
- Examples of the cation in the compound (ZI-2) or (ZI-3) include cations described in paragraph [0036] and subsequent paragraphs of US Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0076996.
- the compound (ZI-4) is represented by the following general formula (ZI-4).
- l represents an integer of 0 to 2. It is particularly preferred that l is 0.
- r represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- R 13 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or a group having a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl skeleton. These groups may have a substituent.
- R 14's each independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylsulfonyl group, a cycloalkylsulfonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl. It represents an alkoxy group having a skeleton. These groups may have a substituent.
- R 15's each independently represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a naphthyl group. These groups may have a substituent. Two R 15's may combine with each other to form a ring.
- the ring skeleton may contain a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.
- two R 15's are alkylene groups and they are bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- Z ⁇ represents an anion, and may represent a sulfonate anion corresponding to the sulfonic acid represented by any of the above general formulas (Aw-1), (Aw-2) and (I) to (V). preferable.
- the alkyl group for R 13 , R 14 and R 15 is linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-butyl group, a t-butyl group or the like is more preferable.
- Two R 15's may combine with each other to form a ring, and when forming a ring, the number of ring members is preferably 5 to 6. When two R 15 s are bonded to each other to form a ring, the ring may have a substituent.
- the substituent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, and an alkoxy group.
- the halogen atom is preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, and more preferably a fluorine atom.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a t-butyl group and the like.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent, and the substituent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a halogen atom.
- the alkoxy group may be linear or branched.
- the alkoxy group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group and a tert-butoxy group.
- the above-mentioned alkoxy group may have a substituent, and the substituent is not particularly limited. And a cycloalkyl group).
- Examples of the cation of the compound represented by the general formula (ZI-4) include paragraphs [0121], [0123], and [0124] in JP 2010-256842 A, and paragraphs [JP 2011-76056 A]. Examples thereof include cations described in [0127], [0129], [0130] and the like.
- R 204 to R 207 each independently represent an aryl group, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- the aryl group of R 204 to R 207 is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group of R 204 to R 207 may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic structure having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom or the like.
- Examples of the skeleton of the aryl group having a heterocyclic structure include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, benzofuran, and benzothiophene.
- the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group of R 204 to R 207 include a straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched chain alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (eg, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, A butyl group and a pentyl group) or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group and a norbornyl group).
- the aryl group, alkyl group and cycloalkyl group of R 204 to R 207 may each independently have a substituent.
- substituents that the aryl group, alkyl group, and cycloalkyl group of R 204 to R 207 may have include, for example, an alkyl group (for example, 1 to 15 carbon atoms) and a cycloalkyl group (for example, 3 to 3 carbon atoms). 15), aryl groups (for example, having 6 to 15 carbon atoms), alkoxy groups (for example, having 1 to 15 carbon atoms), halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, and phenylthio groups.
- photo-acid generator Aw Specific examples of the photo-acid generator Aw are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the photo-acid generator Aw may be in the form of a low molecular weight compound or may be incorporated in a part of the polymer. Moreover, you may use together the form of a low molecular compound and the form incorporated in a part of polymer. In the present invention, the photoacid generator Aw is preferably in the form of a low molecular compound. When the photoacid generator Aw is in the form of a low molecular weight compound, the molecular weight is preferably 3,000 or less, more preferably 2,000 or less, still more preferably 1,000 or less. When the photoacid generator Aw is in the form of being incorporated in a part of the polymer, it may be incorporated in a part of the resin P or a resin different from the resin P.
- the photoacid generator Aw can be synthesized by a known method, for example, according to the method described in JP-A-2007-161707.
- the photoacid generator Aw can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the photoacid generator Aw in the composition of the present invention (the total content when plural kinds are present) is 0.1 to 40% by mass based on the total solid content of the composition of the present invention.
- the content is preferably 0.5 to 35% by mass, more preferably 3 to 30% by mass, and particularly preferably 3 to 25% by mass.
- the photoacid generator Aw contains a compound represented by the above general formula (ZI-3) or (ZI-4), the content of the photoacid generator Aw contained in the composition of the present invention (plural kinds) When present, the total content thereof is preferably 5 to 35% by mass, more preferably 7 to 30% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition of the present invention.
- the composition of the present invention may or may not contain a photoacid generator different from the photoacid generator Aw.
- the content of the photoacid generator that generates an acid having a pKa of less than -1.40 upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation is preferably 5% by mass or less based on the total solid content of the composition of the present invention. It is more preferably 3% by mass or less, and further preferably 0% by mass (that is, not contained).
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains an acid diffusion controller.
- the acid diffusion control agent acts as a quencher that traps the acid generated from the photo-acid generator Aw or the like during exposure and suppresses the reaction of the acid-decomposable resin in the unexposed portion due to excess generated acid.
- the basic compound (DB) whose basicity decreases or disappears upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation (also referred to as “compound (DB)”), and the photoacid generator Aw.
- Compound (DC) (also referred to as “compound (DC)”) that generates an acid that becomes a weak acid, a low-molecular compound (DD) having a nitrogen atom and a group capable of leaving by the action of an acid (“compound (Also referred to as “(DD)”) or an onium salt compound (DE) having a nitrogen atom in the cation portion (also referred to as “compound (DE)”) and the like can be used as the acid diffusion controller.
- DD low-molecular compound
- DE onium salt compound having a nitrogen atom in the cation portion
- a known acid diffusion control agent can be appropriately used.
- Base compound (DA) As the basic compound (DA), compounds having a structure represented by the following formulas (A) to (E) are preferable.
- R 200 , R 201 and R 202 may be the same or different and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms) or aryl. Represents a group (having 6 to 20 carbon atoms).
- R 201 and R 202 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- R 203 , R 204 , R 205 and R 206 may be the same or different and each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group or cycloalkyl group represented by R 200 , R 201 , R 202 , R 203 , R 204 , R 205 and R 206 in the general formulas (A) and (E) may or may not have a substituent. It may be substitution.
- the alkyl group having a substituent is preferably an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyanoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group or cycloalkyl group represented by R 200 , R 201 , R 202 , R 203 , R 204 , R 205 and R 206 in the general formulas (A) and (E) is more preferably unsubstituted.
- guanidine As the basic compound (DA), guanidine, aminopyrrolidine, pyrazole, pyrazoline, piperazine, aminomorpholine, aminoalkylmorpholine, piperidine or the like is preferable, and an imidazole structure, diazabicyclo structure, onium hydroxide structure, onium carboxylate structure, A compound having a trialkylamine structure, an aniline structure or a pyridine structure, an alkylamine derivative having a hydroxyl group and/or an ether bond, or an aniline derivative having a hydroxyl group and/or an ether bond is more preferable.
- Difference between pKa of conjugate acid of basic compound (DA) and pKa of acid generated from photoacid generator Aw is preferably 1.00 or more, more preferably 1.00 to 14.00, still more preferably 2.00 to 13.00.
- the pKa of the conjugate acid of the basic compound (DA) varies depending on the kind of the photo-acid generator Aw used, but is preferably 0.00 to 14.00, more preferably 3.00 to 13.00. Preferably, 3.50 to 12.50 is more preferable.
- the basic compound (DB) (Basic compound (DB) whose basicity decreases or disappears upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation)
- the basic compound (DB) has a proton acceptor functional group, and is decomposed by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation to reduce or disappear the proton acceptor property, or change from the proton acceptor property to acidic. It is a compound.
- the proton acceptor functional group is a functional group having a group or an electron capable of electrostatically interacting with a proton, for example, a functional group having a macrocyclic structure such as cyclic polyether, or ⁇ -conjugated Means a functional group having a nitrogen atom with an unshared electron pair that does not contribute to.
- the nitrogen atom having an unshared electron pair that does not contribute to ⁇ conjugation is, for example, a nitrogen atom having a partial structure represented by the following formula.
- Examples of preferable partial structure of the proton acceptor functional group include a crown ether structure, an azacrown ether structure, a primary to tertiary amine structure, a pyridine structure, an imidazole structure, and a pyrazine structure.
- the compound (DB) decomposes upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation to reduce or disappear the proton acceptor property, or generate a compound in which the proton acceptor property is changed to acidic.
- the decrease or disappearance of the proton acceptor property, or the change from the proton acceptor property to acidic is a change in the proton acceptor property due to the addition of a proton to the proton acceptor functional group, and Means that when a proton adduct is produced from a compound (DB) having a proton acceptor functional group and a proton, the equilibrium constant in the chemical equilibrium decreases.
- the proton acceptor property can be confirmed by measuring pH.
- the pKa of the compound generated by decomposition of the compound (DB) upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation preferably satisfies pKa ⁇ -1, more preferably -13 ⁇ pKa ⁇ -1, and -13 ⁇ pKa. It is more preferable to satisfy ⁇ -3.
- the compound (DB) is preferably a compound represented by the general formula (bd-1).
- General formula (bd-1) R b1 -B b1 -X b1 -A b1 -W 1 -N - -W 2 -Rf b1 [C b1 +]
- W 1 and W 2 each independently represent —SO 2 — or —CO—.
- Rf b1 represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- a b1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- X b1 represents a single bond, —SO 2 —, or —CO—.
- B b1 represents a single bond, an oxygen atom, or —N(R b1x )R b1y —.
- R b1x represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- R b1y represents a single bond or a divalent organic group.
- R b1 represents a monovalent organic group having a proton acceptor functional group.
- R b1x may be bonded to R b1y to form a ring, or may be bonded to R b1 to form a ring.
- [C b1 + ] represents a counter cation.
- At least one of -SO 2 - is preferably, both -SO 2 - is more preferable.
- Rf b1 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally having a fluorine atom, more preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is a fluoroalkyl group.
- the divalent linking group for A b1 is preferably a divalent linking group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include an alkylene group and a phenylene group. Among them, an alkylene group having at least one fluorine atom is preferable, the number of carbon atoms is preferably 2 to 6, and more preferably 2 to 4.
- the alkylene chain may have a connecting group such as an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- the alkylene group is preferably an alkylene group in which 30 to 100% of the number of hydrogen atoms is substituted with a fluorine atom, and more preferably the carbon atom bonded to X b1 or W 1 has a fluorine atom.
- the divalent linking group for A b1 is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group, more preferably a perfluoroethylene group, a perfluoropropylene group, or a perfluorobutylene group.
- the organic group for R b1x is preferably an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group which may have an oxygen atom in the ring, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group and the like. Are listed.
- the alkyl group for R b1x may have a substituent and is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and/or a nitrogen atom is contained in the alkyl chain. May have.
- alkyl group having a substituent a group in which a cycloalkyl group is substituted on a linear or branched alkyl group (for example, adamantylmethyl group, adamantylethyl group, cyclohexylethyl group, camphor residue, etc.) Can be mentioned.
- the cycloalkyl group for R b1x may have a substituent and is preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Moreover, you may have an oxygen atom in the ring of a cycloalkyl group.
- the aryl group for R b1x may have a substituent, and is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the aralkyl group for R b1x may have a substituent and is preferably an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl group for R b1x may have a substituent, and examples thereof include a group having a double bond at any position of the alkyl group mentioned for R b1x .
- the divalent organic group for R b1y is preferably an alkylene group.
- the ring which R b1x and R b1y may be bonded to each other to form for example, a 5- to 8-membered ring containing a nitrogen atom, particularly preferably a 6-membered ring may be mentioned.
- the nitrogen atom contained in the ring may be a nitrogen atom other than the nitrogen atom directly bonded to X b1 in —N(R b1x )R b1y —.
- R b1 and R b1x are bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the number of carbon atoms forming the ring is preferably 4 to 20, and may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and the ring may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and/or a nitrogen atom.
- the nitrogen atom contained in the ring may be a nitrogen atom other than the nitrogen atom directly bonded to X b1 in —N(R b1x )R b1y —.
- Examples of the monocycle include a 4-membered ring, a 5-membered ring, a 6-membered ring, a 7-membered ring and an 8-membered ring containing a nitrogen atom.
- Examples of such a ring structure include a piperazine ring and a piperidine ring.
- the polycycle includes a structure composed of a combination of 2 or 3 or more monocyclic structures.
- Each of the monocycle and polycycle may have a substituent, and examples thereof include a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a carboxy group, a carbonyl group, a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 10 carbon atoms), and an aryl group.
- alkoxy group preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- acyl group preferably having 2 to 15 carbon atoms
- acyloxy group preferably having 2 to 15 carbon atoms
- alkoxycarbonyl group Preferred is a C2-15) or aminoacyl group (preferably a C2-20).
- substituents may have a substituent, if possible. Examples of the case where the aryl group and the cycloalkyl group further have a substituent include an alkyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 15). Examples of the substituent which the aminoacyl group further has include an alkyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 15).
- the proton-accepting functional group for R b1 is as described above, and examples of the partial structure include a structure of a crown ether, a primary to tertiary amine, and a nitrogen-containing heterocycle (pyridine, imidazole, pyrazine, etc.). It is preferable to have.
- a functional group having a nitrogen atom is preferable, and a group having a primary to tertiary amino group or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group is more preferable.
- all of the atoms adjacent to the nitrogen atom contained in the structure are preferably carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms.
- an electron-withdrawing functional group (a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, etc.) is not directly bonded to the nitrogen atom.
- the monovalent organic group in the monovalent organic group (group R b1 ) containing a proton acceptor functional group preferably has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and is an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, Examples thereof include an aralkyl group and an alkenyl group, and each group may have a substituent.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, aralkyl group, and alkenyl group containing a proton acceptor functional group in R b1 are each an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, and an alkenyl group,
- the same groups as the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, aralkyl group and alkenyl group mentioned as Rx can be mentioned.
- substituents which each of the above groups may have include, for example, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxy group, a cycloalkyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 3 to 10. A part is a hetero atom or a hetero atom).
- a group having a such as an ester group
- an aryl group preferably having a carbon number of 6 to 14
- an alkoxy group preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 10
- an acyl group preferably having a carbon number of 2 to 20
- an acyloxy group preferably having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
- an alkoxycarbonyl group preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms
- an aminoacyl group preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms
- substituent that the cyclic group in the aryl group and the cycloalkyl group have include an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms).
- the substituent of the aminoacyl group include 1 or 2 alkyl groups (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms).
- the counter cation of [C b1 + ] is preferably a sulfonium cation or an iodonium cation.
- the sulfonium cation and the iodonium cation include, for example, a sulfonium cation and an iodonium cation in the cation that the photoacid generator Aw may have (more specifically, a cation in the compound represented by the general formula (ZI), and The cation in the compound represented by the formula (ZII) and the like can be similarly used.
- the value obtained by subtracting pKa) is preferably 1.00 or more, more preferably 1.00 to 14.00, still more preferably 2.00 to 13.00.
- the pKa of the conjugate acid of the basic compound (DB) varies depending on the type of the photoacid generator Aw used, but is preferably 0.00 to 14.00, and more preferably 3.00 to 13.00. Preferably, 3.50 to 12.50 is more preferable.
- the compound (DC) that generates an acid that is a weak acid relative to the photo-acid generator Aw
- the compound (DC) is preferably a compound which generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation.
- the compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation is also referred to as “photoacid generator B”.
- the photo-acid generator B is preferably a compound that generates an acid having a pKa that is 1.00 or more higher than the acid generated from the photo-acid generator Aw.
- Difference between pKa of acid generated from photoacid generator B and pKa of acid generated from photoacid generator Aw is 1.00 or more, more preferably 1.00 to 10.00, further preferably 1.00 to 5.00, and particularly preferably 1.00 to 3.00.
- the pKa of the acid generated from the photoacid generator B varies depending on the type of the photoacid generator Aw used, but is preferably 0.00 to 10.00, more preferably 0.50 to 5.00. Preferably, it is more preferably 1.00 to 5.00.
- the photoacid generator B is preferably an onium salt compound composed of an anion and a cation.
- onium salt compounds compounds represented by general formulas (d1-1) to (d1-3) are preferable.
- R 51 represents a hydrocarbon group (for example, an aryl group such as a phenyl group) which may have a substituent (for example, a hydroxyl group).
- Z 2c represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (however, a carbon atom adjacent to S is not substituted with a fluorine atom).
- the hydrocarbon group for Z 2c may be linear or branched, and may have a cyclic structure.
- the carbon atom in the hydrocarbon group (preferably, the carbon atom forming the cyclic structure in the case where the hydrocarbon group has a cyclic structure) may be carbonyl carbon (—CO—).
- hydrocarbon group examples include a group having a norbornyl group which may have a substituent.
- the carbon atom forming the norbornyl group may be a carbonyl carbon.
- R 52 represents an organic group
- Y 3 represents a linear or branched alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or an arylene group
- Rf represents a hydrocarbon group containing a fluorine atom.
- Z 2c —SO 3 ⁇ ”in the general formula (d1-2) is an anion in the photoacid generator Aw (preferably the above general formulas (a), (b) and (I) to (V)).
- M + is independently an ammonium cation, a sulfonium cation, or an iodonium cation.
- the sulfonium cation and the iodonium cation include, for example, a sulfonium cation and an iodonium cation in a cation that the photoacid generator Aw may have (more specifically, a compound represented by the general formula (ZI), and a general formula (ZI).
- the cations in the compounds represented by ZII) can likewise be used.
- the photo-acid generator B may be a compound having a cation site and an anion site in the same molecule and having the cation site and the anion site linked by a covalent bond.
- a compound represented by the general formula (C-1) or a compound represented by the general formula (C-2) is preferable.
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 each independently represent a substituent having 1 or more carbon atoms.
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group or a single bond that links a cationic group (S + , I + , or N + ) and —X ⁇ .
- —X ⁇ represents —COO ⁇ , —SO 3 ⁇ , —SO 2 ⁇ , or —N ⁇ —R 4 .
- R 4 has at least one of a carbonyl group (—CO—), a sulfonyl group (—SO 2 —), and a sulfinyl group (—S( ⁇ O)—) at a linking site with an adjacent N atom. It represents a monovalent substituent.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and L 1 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- two of R 1 to R 3 may be combined to represent one divalent substituent, which may be bonded to the N atom by a double bond.
- the substituent having 1 or more carbon atoms in R 1 to R 3 is an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 15 carbon atoms), an alkyloxycarbonyl group, a cycloalkyloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group , An alkylaminocarbonyl group, a cycloalkylaminocarbonyl group, an arylaminocarbonyl group and the like. Of these, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group is preferable.
- L 1 as the divalent linking group is a linear or branched alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an arylene group (preferably having 6 to 15 carbon atoms), a carbonyl group, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a urethane Examples thereof include a bond, a urea bond, and a group formed by combining two or more of these. Of these, an alkylene group, an arylene group, an ether bond, an ester bond, or a group formed by combining two or more of these is preferable.
- the photo-acid generator B is a compound that generates an acid having a pKa that is 1.00 or more higher than that of the acid generated from the photo-acid generator Aw, and may be an onium salt compound having a nitrogen atom in the cation portion.
- the onium salt compound having a nitrogen atom in the cation part preferably has a basic site containing a nitrogen atom in the cation part.
- the basic moiety is preferably an amino group, and more preferably an aliphatic amino group. Further, it is preferable that all of the atoms adjacent to the nitrogen atom in the basic moiety are hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms.
- an electron-withdrawing functional group (a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a cyano group, a halogen atom or the like) is not directly bonded to a nitrogen atom.
- the photo-acid generator B may be in the form of a low molecular weight compound or may be incorporated in a part of the polymer. Moreover, you may use together the form of a low molecular compound and the form incorporated in a part of polymer.
- the photo-acid generator B is preferably in the form of a low molecular compound.
- the molecular weight is preferably 3,000 or less, more preferably 2,000 or less, still more preferably 1,000 or less.
- the compound (DD) is preferably an amine derivative having a group leaving on the nitrogen atom that is removed by the action of an acid.
- the group capable of leaving by the action of an acid is preferably an acetal group, a carbonate group, a carbamate group, a tertiary ester group, a tertiary hydroxyl group, or a hemiaminal ether group, and more preferably a carbamate group or a hemiaminal ether group. ..
- the compound (DD) is preferably a low molecular weight compound.
- the molecular weight of the compound (DD) is preferably 100 to 1000, more preferably 100 to 700, and further preferably 100 to 500.
- the compound (DD) may have a carbamate group having a protecting group on the nitrogen atom.
- the protective group constituting the carbamate group is represented by general formula (d-1) shown below.
- Rb is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 10), a cycloalkyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 3 to 30), an aryl group (preferably having a carbon number of 3 to 30), an aralkyl group ( It preferably represents 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms). Rb's may combine with each other to form a ring.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group represented by Rb are each independently a functional group such as a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, a pyrrolidino group, a piperidino group, a morpholino group, an oxo group, an alkoxy group, or It may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- Rb a functional group such as a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, a pyrrolidino group, a piperidino group, a morpholino group, an oxo group, an alkoxy group, or It may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- Rb a functional group such as a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, a pyrrolidino group, a piperidino group, a morpholino group, an oxo group,
- Rb a linear or branched alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group is preferable, and a linear or branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group is more preferable.
- the ring formed by connecting two Rb's to each other include alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic hydrocarbons and derivatives thereof.
- Specific structures of the group represented by formula (d-1) include, but are not limited to, the structures disclosed in paragraph [0466] of US Patent Publication US2012/0135348A1.
- the compound (DD) preferably has a structure represented by the following general formula (6).
- l represents an integer of 0 to 2
- m represents an integer of 1 to 3
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group.
- two Ras may be the same or different, and the two Ras may be connected to each other to form a heterocycle with the nitrogen atom in the formula.
- This heterocycle may contain a heteroatom other than the nitrogen atom in the formula.
- Rb has the same meaning as Rb in the general formula (d-1), and the preferred examples are also the same.
- the alkyl group as Ra, the cycloalkyl group, the aryl group, and the aralkyl group may be each independently substituted with the alkyl group, the cycloalkyl group, the aryl group, and the aralkyl group as Rb. As a good group, it may be substituted with the same groups as those mentioned above.
- alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group for Ra include the same groups as the specific examples described above for Rb.
- particularly preferred compound (DD) in the present invention include, but are not limited to, the compounds disclosed in paragraph [0475] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0135348A1.
- Difference between pKa of conjugate acid of compound (DD) and pKa of acid generated from photoacid generator Aw is preferably 1.00 or more, more preferably 1.00 to 14.00, still more preferably 2.00 to 13.00.
- the pKa of the conjugate acid of the compound (DD) varies depending on the kind of the photo-acid generator Aw used, but is preferably 0.00 to 14.00, more preferably 3.00 to 13.00, 3.50 to 12.50 is more preferable.
- the compound (DE) is preferably a compound having a basic site containing a nitrogen atom in the cation part.
- the basic moiety is preferably an amino group, and more preferably an aliphatic amino group. It is further preferred that all of the atoms adjacent to the nitrogen atom in the basic site are hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms. Further, from the viewpoint of improving basicity, it is preferable that an electron-withdrawing functional group (a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a cyano group, a halogen atom or the like) is not directly bonded to a nitrogen atom.
- Preferred specific examples of the compound (DE) include, but are not limited to, the compounds disclosed in paragraph [0203] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0309408A1.
- Difference between pKa of conjugate acid of compound (DE) and pKa of acid generated from photoacid generator Aw (pKa of acid generated from photoacid generator Aw was subtracted from pKa of conjugate acid of compound (DE)
- the value is preferably 1.00 or more, more preferably 1.00 to 14.00, still more preferably 2.00 to 13.00.
- the pKa of the conjugate acid of the compound (DE) varies depending on the kind of the photoacid generator Aw used, but is preferably 0.00 to 14.00, more preferably 3.00 to 13.00, 3.50 to 12.50 is more preferable.
- the composition of the present invention has a pKa of 1. which is lower than that of the basic compound (DA), the basic compound (DB) whose basicity decreases or disappears upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, and the acid generated from the photo-acid generator Aw.
- a compound (DC) generating a large acid of 00 or more, a compound having a nitrogen atom and having a group capable of leaving by the action of an acid (DD), and an onium salt compound (DE) having a nitrogen atom in the cation moiety. It is preferable to contain one.
- the acid diffusion controlling agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the acid diffusion control agent (the total content of the plurality of kinds if present) is based on the total solid content of the composition of the present invention.
- the amount is preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass.
- the composition of the present invention may include a hydrophobic resin.
- the hydrophobic resin is a resin different from the resin P, and has a repeating unit having a group (acid-decomposable group) that is decomposed by the action of an acid to increase the polarity because it is superior in film thickness uniformity. It is preferably substantially free.
- the term "substantially free from” as used herein means that the content of the repeating unit containing an acid-decomposable group in the hydrophobic resin is 0 mol% or more to 5 with respect to all the repeating units of the hydrophobic resin.
- the upper limit is intended to be 3 mol% or less, preferably 3 mol% or less, and more preferably 1 mol% or less.
- the hydrophobic resin is preferably designed so as to be unevenly distributed on the surface of the resist film, but unlike a surfactant, it does not necessarily have to have a hydrophilic group in the molecule, and a polar substance and a non-polar substance can be uniformly dispersed. It may not contribute to mixing.
- the hydrophobic resin is a fluorine atom, a group having a fluorine atom, a group having a silicon atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 6 or more carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group, from the viewpoint of uneven distribution on the film surface layer.
- a resin having one or more groups (hereinafter also referred to as “hydrophobic groups”) selected from the group consisting of aryl groups substituted with several 5 or more cycloalkyl groups is preferable. Further, the hydrophobic resin preferably contains a repeating unit containing the above-mentioned hydrophobic group.
- the hydrophobic resin contains a fluorine atom and/or a silicon atom
- the fluorine atom and/or the silicon atom in the hydrophobic resin may be contained in the main chain of the resin and may be contained in the side chain. It may be.
- a linear or branched alkyl group having a fluorine atom, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group having a fluorine atom is preferable.
- a linear or branched alkyl group having a fluorine atom a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable, and CF 3 is more preferable.
- a perfluorocycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the aryl group having a fluorine atom include a phenyl group substituted with a fluorine atom.
- Examples of the group having a silicon atom include an alkylsilyl group.
- Examples of the alkylsilyl group include a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, and a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group.
- Examples of the linear or branched alkyl group having 6 or more carbon atoms or the cycloalkyl group include a linear or branched alkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group. Examples thereof include a 2-ethylhexyl group, a norbornyl group, and an adamantyl group.
- aryl group having 9 or more carbon atoms examples include an aryl group having a polycyclic structure formed by combining two or more 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon rings.
- an aralkyl group having 10 or more carbon atoms for example, an aralkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable, and specifically, 1-naphthylmethyl group, 1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl group, triphenylmethyl group. , And a pyrenylmethyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group substituted with at least one linear or branched alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms include, for example, a linear alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms) or Examples thereof include a phenyl group substituted with a branched alkyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group substituted with at least one cycloalkyl group having 5 or more carbon atoms include a phenyl group substituted with a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms).
- the hydrophobic resin preferably contains a repeating unit containing a fluorine atom or a group having a fluorine atom.
- the number of fluorine atoms contained in the hydrophobic resin is preferably larger than the number of fluorine atoms contained in the above-described photo-acid generator Aw, from the viewpoint of more excellent film thickness uniformity.
- the number of fluorine atoms contained in the hydrophobic resin is calculated by the following formula (1) when the hydrophobic resin contains only one type of repeating unit containing a fluorine atom.
- the hydrophobic resin contains two or more kinds of repeating units containing a fluorine atom, it is calculated as the sum of the values calculated by the following formula (1) for each repeating unit containing a fluorine atom.
- Formula (1): Y A a ⁇ b ⁇ 100 Y A: the number of fluorine atoms contained in the hydrophobic resin a: the number of fluorine atoms in the repeating unit containing a fluorine atom b: content of repeating unit containing a fluorine atom with respect to all repeating units in the hydrophobic resin (mole %)
- the hydrophobic resin preferably contains at least one group selected from (x) and (y) shown below, and more preferably contains a repeating unit containing a group selected from (y). Moreover, (x) and (y) shown below may contain the above-mentioned hydrophobic group.
- Examples of the acid group (x) include phenolic hydroxyl group, carboxy group, fluorinated alcohol group, sulfonic acid group, sulfonamide group, sulfonylimide group, (alkylsulfonyl)(alkylcarbonyl)methylene group, (alkylsulfonyl)(alkylcarbonyl) ) Imido group, bis(alkylcarbonyl)methylene group, bis(alkylcarbonyl)imide group, bis(alkylsulfonyl)methylene group, bis(alkylsulfonyl)imide group, tris(alkylcarbonyl)methylene group, and tris(alkylsulfonyl) Examples thereof include a methylene group.
- a fluorinated alcohol group preferably hexafluoroisopropanol
- a sulfonimide group preferably hexafluoroisopropanol
- Examples of the group (y) which is decomposed by the action of the alkaline developer to increase the solubility in the alkaline developer include a lactone group, a carboxyester group (—COO— or —OCO—), an acid anhydride group (—CO).
- Examples of the repeating unit containing a group selected from the above (y) include (1) repeating units in which the group selected from the above (y) is directly bonded to the main chain of the resin (for example, acrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid). (Repeating unit by ester) and (2) a repeating unit in which the group selected from the above (y) is bonded to the main chain of the resin via a linking group.
- Examples of the repeating unit having a lactone group include the same repeating unit as the repeating unit having a lactone structure described above in the section of Resin P.
- the repeating unit containing a group selected from the above (y) is preferable, and the repeating unit represented by the following general formula (7) is more preferable.
- Z 1 represents a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a cycloalkyl group.
- the halogen atom represented by Z 1 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom, and among them, a fluorine atom is preferable.
- the alkyl group represented by Z 1 include an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the cycloalkyl group preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably has 5 to 15 carbon atoms.
- L 1 represents a (n+1)-valent linking group.
- the (n+1)-valent linking group represented by L 1 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a divalent or higher valent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain a hetero atom.
- the hetero atom include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- the hetero atom may be contained in the form of, for example, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —NR A —, —CO—, or a combination group of two or more thereof.
- R A represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the divalent or higher valent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain a hetero atom includes, for example, a straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain a hetero atom, or a branched chain. Examples thereof include an alkylene group and a cycloalkylene group, and a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
- X 1 represents a group represented by *-Y 1 -R 1 .
- the above Y 1 represents —CO—O— or —O—CO—.
- the above * represents the bonding position.
- R 1 represents an electron-withdrawing group.
- the electron-withdrawing group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (which may be linear or branched) substituted with at least one fluorine atom, or cyclo. Examples thereof include an alkyl group, and specific examples thereof include —CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CHFCF 3 , and —CH(CF 3 ) 2 . Of these, —CH(CF 3 ) 2 is preferable as the electron-withdrawing group, because the uniformity of the film thickness is more excellent.
- n represents a positive integer. n is not particularly limited as long as it is 1 or more, and its upper limit value is 10, for example. When n is 2 or more, the plurality of X 1 may be the same as or different from each other.
- the hydrophobic resin contains a repeating unit containing a group selected from the above (y), the content thereof is preferably 1 to 100 mol% with respect to all the repeating units in the hydrophobic resin, and 3 to 98 mol% Is more preferable and 5 to 95 mol% is even more preferable.
- the hydrophobic resin contains a repeating unit containing a fluorine atom
- the content thereof is preferably 10 to 100 mol%, more preferably 30 to 100 mol%, and more preferably 30 to 100 mol% based on all the repeating units in the hydrophobic resin. 95 mol% is more preferable.
- the hydrophobic resin contains a repeating unit containing a silicon atom
- the content thereof is preferably 10 to 100 mol% and more preferably 20 to 100 mol% based on all repeating units in the hydrophobic resin.
- the hydrophobic resin contains a repeating unit represented by the above general formula (7) and another repeating unit other than the repeating unit represented by the general formula (7) in terms of being more excellent in film surface uniformity. It is preferable.
- Other repeating units other than the repeating unit represented by the general formula (7) include a repeating unit containing a group selected from the above (y) and containing the above-mentioned hydrophobic group (in other words, the above-mentioned alkali
- a repeating unit having a group that is decomposed by the action of a developing solution to increase its solubility in an alkaline developing solution and is preferably a repeating unit containing the above-mentioned hydrophobic group, and contains a group selected from the above (y).
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (7) contains the repeating unit represented by the general formula (7) and another repeating unit other than the repeating unit represented by the general formula (7), the repeating unit represented by the general formula (7)
- the content of the unit is preferably 95 mol% or less, more preferably 90 mol% or less, still more preferably 85 mol% or less, based on all repeating units of the hydrophobic resin.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited and is, for example, 10 mol% or more, more preferably 30 mol% or more.
- the standard polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of the hydrophobic resin is preferably 1,000 to 100,000, and more preferably 1,000 to 50,000.
- the total content of the residual monomer and/or oligomer components contained in the hydrophobic resin is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 3% by mass.
- the dispersity (Mw/Mn) is preferably 1.0 to 5.0, more preferably 1.0 to 3.0.
- hydrophobic resin known resins can be used alone or as a mixture thereof, appropriately selected and used.
- known resins disclosed in paragraphs [0451] to [0704] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0168830A1 and paragraphs [0340] to [0356] of US Patent Application Publication 2016/0274458A1 are described. It can be suitably used as a hydrophobic resin.
- the repeating units disclosed in paragraphs [0177] to [0258] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0237190A1 are also preferable as the repeating units constituting the hydrophobic resin.
- the hydrophobic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is also preferable to mix and use two or more kinds of hydrophobic resins having different surface energies from the viewpoint of achieving both the immersion liquid following property in the immersion exposure and the developing property.
- the content of the hydrophobic resin in the composition of the present invention (when more than one is contained, the total content thereof) is the total solid content in the composition of the present invention.
- 0.1 to 12.0 mass% is preferable, 0.2 to 10.0 mass% is more preferable, and 0.3 to 10.0 mass% is more preferable.
- the composition of the present invention may contain a solvent.
- a known resist solvent can be appropriately used.
- paragraphs [0665] to [0670] of U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0070167A1 paragraphs [0210] to [0235] of U.S. Patent Application Publication 2015/0004544A1
- U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0237190A1 Known solvents disclosed in paragraphs [0424] to [0426] of the specification and paragraphs [0357] to [0366] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0274458A1 can be preferably used.
- Examples of the solvent that can be used when preparing the composition include alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether carboxylate, alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, alkyl lactate ester, alkyl alkoxypropionate, cyclic lactone (preferably having 4 to 10 carbon atoms),
- Examples of the organic solvent include a monoketone compound which may have a ring (preferably having 4 to 10 carbon atoms), alkylene carbonate, alkyl alkoxyacetate, and alkyl pyruvate.
- a mixed solvent obtained by mixing a solvent having a hydroxyl group in the structure with a solvent having no hydroxyl group may be used.
- the solvent having a hydroxyl group and the solvent having no hydroxyl group, the above-exemplified compounds can be appropriately selected, but the solvent having a hydroxyl group is preferably alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether or alkyl lactate, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME). ), propylene glycol monoethyl ether (PGEE), methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, or ethyl lactate is more preferred.
- the solvent having no hydroxyl group is preferably an alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether acetate, an alkylalkoxypropionate, a monoketone compound which may have a ring, a cyclic lactone, an alkyl acetate or the like, and among these, propylene.
- Glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) ethyl ethoxypropionate, 2-heptanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, or butyl acetate is more preferable, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethyl ethoxypropionate.
- the mixing ratio (mass ratio) of the solvent having a hydroxyl group and the solvent having no hydroxyl group is preferably 1/99 to 99/1, more preferably 10/90 to 90/10, and 20/80 to 60/40. More preferable.
- a mixed solvent containing 50% by mass or more of a solvent having no hydroxyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of coating uniformity.
- the solvent preferably comprises propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.
- the solvent may be a single solvent of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate or a mixed solvent of two or more kinds containing propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.
- the solid content concentration of the composition of the present invention is preferably 1.0 to 10% by mass, more preferably 2.0 to 5.7% by mass, and further preferably 2.0 to 5.3% by mass. That is, when the composition contains a solvent, the content of the solvent in the composition is preferably adjusted so as to satisfy the preferable range of the solid content concentration.
- the solid content concentration is a mass percentage of the mass of other resist components excluding the solvent with respect to the total mass of the composition.
- the solid content concentration in the composition is set in an appropriate range to give an appropriate viscosity to improve the coatability or film-forming property, and the resist film (actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive) composed of the composition of the present invention. The thickness of the film can be adjusted.
- the composition of the present invention may include a surfactant.
- the surfactant is preferably a fluorine-based and/or silicon-based surfactant (specifically, a fluorine-based surfactant, a silicon-based surfactant, or a surfactant having both a fluorine atom and a silicon atom). ..
- composition of the present invention contains a surfactant
- a surfactant when an exposure light source of 250 nm or less, particularly 220 nm or less is used, it is easy to obtain a pattern with good sensitivity and resolution and less adhesiveness and development defects.
- the fluorine-based and/or silicon-based surfactants include the surfactants described in paragraph [0276] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0248425. Further, a surfactant other than the fluorine-based and/or silicon-based surfactant described in paragraph [0280] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0248425 may be used.
- the surfactant may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the surfactant (when a plurality of them are contained, the total content thereof) is 0.0001 to 2% by mass based on the total solid content of the composition. Is preferred, and 0.0005 to 1 mass% is more preferred.
- the content of the surfactant is 10 mass ppm (parts per million) or more with respect to the total solid content of the composition, the uneven distribution of the surface of the hydrophobic resin increases. As a result, the surface of the resist film can be made more hydrophobic, and the water following property during immersion exposure is improved.
- composition of the present invention further comprises a resin other than those described above, a crosslinking agent, an acid multiplying agent, a dye, a plasticizer, a photosensitizer, a light absorber, an alkali-soluble resin, a dissolution inhibitor, or a dissolution accelerator. May be included.
- the composition of the present invention is preferably used by dissolving the above-mentioned components in a predetermined organic solvent (preferably the above-mentioned mixed solvent), filtering this, and then coating the solution on a predetermined support (substrate).
- a predetermined organic solvent preferably the above-mentioned mixed solvent
- the pore size of the filter used for filter filtration is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 0.03 ⁇ m or less.
- the pore size of the filter used for filter filtration is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- This filter is preferably a filter made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon.
- cyclic filtration may be performed, and a plurality of types of filters are connected in series or in parallel. It may be connected to and filtered.
- the composition may be filtered multiple times. Further, the composition may be subjected to deaeration treatment or the like before and after filtration with a filter.
- the composition of the present invention relates to an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition that changes properties by reacting upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation. More specifically, the composition of the present invention comprises a semiconductor manufacturing process such as IC (Integrated Circuit), a circuit board such as a liquid crystal or a thermal head, a mold structure for imprinting, other photofabrication process, or The present invention relates to an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition used for producing a lithographic printing plate or an acid-curable composition.
- the pattern formed in the present invention can be used in an etching step, an ion implantation step, a bump electrode forming step, a rewiring forming step, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) and the like.
- the present invention also relates to a pattern forming method using the above actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention will be described below. Further, the resist film (actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film) of the present invention will be described together with the description of the pattern forming method.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention is (I) A step of forming a resist film (actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film) on a support using the above actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition (resist film forming step (film forming step) ), (Ii) a step of exposing (irradiating with actinic rays or radiation) the resist film (exposure step); and (Iii) a step of developing the exposed resist film with a developing solution (developing step).
- the pattern forming method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it includes the steps (i) to (iii), and may further include the following steps.
- the exposure method in the (ii) exposure step may be immersion exposure.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention preferably includes (iv) pre-heating (PB: PreBake) step before the (ii) exposure step.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention preferably includes (v) post exposure bake (PEB: Post Exposure Bake) step after (ii) exposure step and before (iii) development step.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention may include (ii) the exposure step a plurality of times.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention may include (iv) the preheating step a plurality of times.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention may include (v) the post-exposure heating step a plurality of times.
- the above-mentioned (i) resist film forming step (film forming step), (ii) exposing step, and (iii) developing step can be performed by a generally known method.
- the film thickness of the resist film is preferably 110 nm or less, more preferably 95 nm or less.
- a resist underlayer film for example, SOG (Spin On Glass), SOC (Spin On Carbon), and antireflection film
- SOG Spin On Glass
- SOC Spin On Carbon
- antireflection film As a material for forming the resist underlayer film, a known organic or inorganic material can be appropriately used.
- a protective film top coat may be formed on the upper layer of the resist film. Known materials can be appropriately used for the protective film. For example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0178407, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0085466, U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
- the protective film forming composition disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0244438 and International Patent Application Publication No. 2016/157988A can be preferably used.
- the composition for forming a protective film preferably contains the above-mentioned acid diffusion controlling agent. You may form a protective film on the upper layer of the resist film containing the hydrophobic resin mentioned above.
- the support is not particularly limited, and a substrate that is generally used in the manufacturing process of semiconductors such as IC or the manufacturing process of circuit boards such as liquid crystal or thermal head, and other lithography process of photofabrication is used. it can.
- Specific examples of the support include inorganic substrates such as silicon, SiO 2 , and SiN.
- the heating temperature is preferably 70 to 130° C., and more preferably 80 to 120° C. in both the (iv) preheating step and (v) post-exposure heating step.
- the heating time is preferably 30 to 300 seconds, more preferably 30 to 180 seconds, and further preferably 30 to 90 seconds in both the (iv) preheating step and (v) post-exposure heating step. Heating can be performed by means provided in the exposure device and the developing device, and may be performed using a hot plate or the like.
- the wavelength of the light source used in the exposure step is not limited, but examples thereof include infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, far ultraviolet light, extreme ultraviolet light (EUV), X-ray, and electron beam.
- far-ultraviolet light is preferable, and its wavelength is preferably 250 nm or less, more preferably 220 nm or less, still more preferably 1 to 200 nm.
- KrF excimer laser (248 nm), ArF excimer laser (193 nm), F 2 excimer laser (157 nm), X-ray, EUV (13 nm), electron beam or the like is preferable, and KrF excimer laser, ArF excimer laser, EUV or electron beam is more preferable.
- an alkaline developer or a developer containing an organic solvent (hereinafter, also referred to as an organic developer) may be used.
- the alkali developing solution a quaternary ammonium salt typified by tetramethylammonium hydroxide is usually used. It can be used.
- the alkaline developer may contain an appropriate amount of alcohols and/or surfactants.
- the alkali concentration of the alkali developer is usually 0.1 to 20% by mass.
- the pH of the alkaline developer is usually 10 to 15.
- the time for developing with an alkaline developer is usually 10 to 300 seconds.
- the alkali concentration, pH, and development time of the alkali developing solution can be appropriately adjusted according to the pattern to be formed.
- the organic developer is a developer containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, an amide solvent, an ether solvent, and a hydrocarbon solvent. It is preferable.
- ketone solvent examples include 1-octanone, 2-octanone, 1-nonanone, 2-nonanone, acetone, 2-heptanone (methyl amyl ketone), 4-heptanone, 1-hexanone, 2-hexanone, diisobutyl ketone, Examples thereof include cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, phenylacetone, methylethylketone, methylisobutylketone, acetylacetone, acetonylacetone, ionone, diacetonyl alcohol, acetylcarbinol, acetophenone, methylnaphthylketone, isophorone, and propylene carbonate.
- ester solvent examples include methyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, pentyl acetate, isopentyl acetate, amyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl acetate.
- examples thereof include butyl acid salt, methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, and butyl propionate.
- the solvents disclosed in paragraphs [0715] to [0718] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0070167A1 can be used.
- a plurality of the above solvents may be mixed, or a solvent other than the above or water may be mixed.
- the water content of the developer as a whole is preferably less than 50% by mass, more preferably less than 20% by mass, still more preferably less than 10% by mass, and particularly preferably substantially free of water.
- the content of the organic solvent in the organic developing solution is preferably 50 to 100% by mass, more preferably 80 to 100% by mass, further preferably 90 to 100% by mass, and 95 to 100% by mass based on the total amount of the developing solution. % Is particularly preferred.
- the developer may contain an appropriate amount of a known surfactant if necessary.
- the content of the surfactant is usually 0.001 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 2% by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass, based on the total amount of the developer.
- the organic developer may contain an acid diffusion controller.
- Examples of the developing method include a method of immersing the substrate in a tank filled with the developing solution for a certain period of time (dip method), a method of raising the developing solution on the surface of the substrate by surface tension and resting for a certain period of time (paddle method), and a substrate.
- Examples include a method of spraying the developing solution on the surface (spray method) and a method of continuously discharging the developing solution on the substrate rotating at a constant speed while scanning the developing solution discharge nozzle at a constant speed (dynamic dispensing method).
- the step of developing with an alkaline aqueous solution (alkali developing step) and the step of developing with a developing solution containing an organic solvent (organic solvent developing step) may be combined.
- alkali developing step an alkaline aqueous solution
- organic solvent developing step an organic solvent developing step
- pure water can be used, for example. Pure water may contain an appropriate amount of a surfactant.
- a treatment of removing the developing solution or the rinsing solution adhering to the pattern with a supercritical fluid may be added.
- a heat treatment may be performed to remove the water remaining in the pattern.
- the rinse solution used in the rinse step after the development step using the developer containing the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not dissolve the pattern, and a solution containing a general organic solvent can be used.
- a rinse liquid containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon solvent, a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, an amide solvent, and an ether solvent is used. It is preferable. Specific examples of the hydrocarbon-based solvent, the ketone-based solvent, the ester-based solvent, the alcohol-based solvent, the amide-based solvent, and the ether-based solvent include the same solvents as those described for the developer containing an organic solvent.
- a rinse liquid containing a monohydric alcohol is more preferable.
- Examples of the monohydric alcohol used in the rinsing step include linear, branched, or cyclic monohydric alcohols. Specifically, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 1 -Heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-hexanol, cyclopentanol, 2-heptanol, 2-octanol, 3-hexanol, 3-heptanol, 3-octanol, 4-octanol, and methylisobutylcarbinol.
- the monohydric alcohol preferably has 5 or more carbon atoms, and examples thereof include 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 1-pentanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol. , And methyl isobutyl carbinol.
- a plurality of each component may be mixed, or may be mixed with an organic solvent other than the above and used.
- the water content in the rinse solution used in the rinse step after the development step using the developer containing the organic solvent is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and further preferably 3% by mass or less. When the water content is 10% by mass or less, good developing characteristics can be obtained.
- the rinse solution after the development step using the developer containing the organic solvent may contain an appropriate amount of the surfactant.
- the developed substrate is washed with a rinse solution.
- the method of cleaning treatment is not particularly limited, but for example, a method of continuously discharging the rinse liquid onto the substrate rotating at a constant speed (spin coating method), or immersing the substrate in a bath filled with the rinse liquid for a certain period of time Examples include a method (dip method), a method of spraying a rinse liquid on the substrate surface (spray method), and the like. Among them, a method in which the cleaning treatment is performed by the spin coating method and the substrate is rotated at a rotation speed of 2,000 to 4,000 rpm (rotations per minute) after the cleaning to remove the rinse liquid from the substrate is preferable.
- the heating step after the rinsing step is usually 40 to 160° C., preferably 70 to 95° C., and the heating time is usually 10 seconds to 3 minutes, preferably 30 seconds to 90 seconds.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention, and various materials used in the pattern forming method of the present invention for example, a resist solvent, a developing solution, a rinsing liquid, a composition for forming an antireflection film, or a top. It is preferable that the coating forming composition) does not contain impurities such as metal components, isomers, and residual monomers.
- the content of these impurities contained in the above-mentioned various materials is preferably 1 mass ppm or less, more preferably 100 mass ppt (parts per trillion) or less, further preferably 10 mass ppt or less, and substantially not containing (It is below the detection limit of the measuring device) is particularly preferable.
- Examples of methods for removing impurities such as metals from the above various materials include filtration using a filter.
- the pore size of the filter is preferably 10 nm or less, more preferably 5 nm or less, still more preferably 3 nm or less.
- a filter made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon is preferable.
- a filter previously washed with an organic solvent may be used.
- plural kinds of filters may be connected in series or in parallel and used. When using a plurality of types of filters, filters having different pore sizes and/or materials may be used in combination.
- various materials may be filtered a plurality of times, and the step of filtering a plurality of times may be a circulation filtration step.
- the filter is preferably a filter with reduced eluate as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2016-201426 (JP-A-2016-201426).
- an adsorbent may be used to remove impurities, and filter filtration and an adsorbent may be used in combination.
- a known adsorbent can be used, and for example, an inorganic adsorbent such as silica gel or zeolite, or an organic adsorbent such as activated carbon can be used.
- Examples of the metal adsorbent include materials disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2016-206500 (JP-A-2016-206500). Further, as a method of reducing impurities such as metals contained in the various materials, a raw material having a low metal content is selected as a raw material forming various materials, a filter for the raw materials forming various materials is filtered, Alternatively, there may be mentioned a method such as lining the inside of the apparatus with Teflon (registered trademark) and performing distillation under conditions in which contamination is suppressed as much as possible.
- Teflon registered trademark
- the glass lining treatment in all steps of the manufacturing facility for synthesizing various materials (binder, photo-acid generator, etc.) of the resist component in order to reduce the metal to the ppt order.
- Preferable conditions for the filter filtration performed on the raw materials constituting various materials are the same as the above-mentioned conditions.
- a method for improving the surface roughness of the pattern may be applied to the pattern formed by the pattern forming method of the present invention.
- a method of improving the surface roughness of the pattern for example, a method of treating the pattern with a plasma of a gas containing hydrogen, which is disclosed in US Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0104957, can be mentioned.
- Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-235468 JP 2004-235468 A
- US Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0020297 and Proc. of SPIE Vol.
- a known method as described in 8328 83280N-1 “EUV Resist Curing Technology for LWR Reduction and Etch Selectivity Enhancement” may be applied.
- the pattern formed by the above method is a spacer disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 1991-270227 (JP-A-3-270227) and US Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0209941. It can be used as the core material of the process.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an electronic device, including the pattern forming method described above.
- the electronic device manufactured by the method for manufacturing an electronic device of the present invention is suitably mounted on an electric/electronic device (for example, a home electric appliance, an OA (Office Automation) related device, a media related device, an optical device, a communication device, or the like). To be done.
- an electric/electronic device for example, a home electric appliance, an OA (Office Automation) related device, a media related device, an optical device, a communication device, or the like.
- the composition ratio (molar ratio; corresponding in order from the left) measured by 13 C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance method) was 50/50 (mol %).
- the same operations as those in Synthesis Examples 1 and 2 were carried out to synthesize Acid-decomposable resins A-2 to A-21 shown below.
- Acid-decomposable resin The structures of the acid-decomposable resins (A-1 to A-21, B-1 and B-2) used are shown below.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw), number average molecular weight (Mn), and dispersity (Mw/Mn) of the resin were measured by GPC (carrier: tetrahydrofuran (THF)) as described above (polystyrene conversion amount).
- the composition ratio (mol% ratio) of the resin was measured by 13 C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance).
- the unit of the content ratio of each repeating unit of the above resin is mol %.
- ⁇ Hydrophobic resin> The structures of the hydrophobic resins (1b, 2b) used are shown below.
- the weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight, and dispersity of the resin were measured by GPC (carrier: tetrahydrofuran (THF)) as described above (polystyrene equivalent amount).
- the composition ratio (mol% ratio) of the resin was measured by 13 C-NMR.
- the unit of the content ratio of each repeating unit of the above resin is mol %.
- SL-1 Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA)
- PGME Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- SL-3 cyclohexanone
- SL-4 ⁇ -butyrolactone
- resist composition The respective components shown in Tables 3 and 4 were added so as to have the contents shown in Tables 3 and 4, and mixed so that the solid content concentration was 3% by mass.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition was prepared by filtering the obtained mixed solution with a polyethylene filter having a pore size of 0.03 ⁇ m.
- the solid content means all components other than the solvent.
- the obtained wafer was subjected to an ArF excimer laser immersion scanner (manufactured by ASML; XT1700i, NA1.20, C-Quad, outer sigma 0.900, inner sigma 0.812, XY deflection) with a line width of 44 nm of 1:. It was exposed through a 6% halftone mask with a 1-line and space pattern. Ultrapure water was used as the immersion liquid. Then, it heated at 100 degreeC for 60 second (PEB:Post Exposure Bake).
- PEB Post Exposure Bake
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- ⁇ Evaluation of exposure latitude (EL)> The optimum exposure amount for reproducing a 1:1 line-and-space mask pattern having a line width of 44 nm was defined as sensitivity (E opt ) (mJ/cm 2 ). Based on the obtained optimum exposure dose (E opt ), the exposure dose at which the line width of the line was ⁇ 10% of the target value of 44 nm (that is, 39.6 nm and 48.4 nm) was determined.
- the exposure latitude (EL) defined by the following equation was calculated using the obtained exposure amount value.
- EL (%) [[(exposure amount at which line width of line becomes 48.4 nm)-(exposure amount at line width of line of 39.6 nm)]/E opt ] ⁇ 100
- resist composition Each of the components shown in Table 5 was used so as to have the content shown in Table 5 and dissolved in a solvent to prepare a solution having a solid content concentration of 1.6% by mass.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition was prepared by filtering the obtained solution through a polyethylene filter having a pore size of 0.03 ⁇ m.
- PEB Post Exposure Bake
- the composition of the present invention was excellent in EL when forming an ultrafine pattern, small in LWR and LER, and excellent in CDU.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION when forming an ultrafine pattern (for example, line width 45nm line and space pattern or a hole pattern whose hole size is 45 nm or less), it is excellent in EL, small LWR and LER, and excellent in CDU. It is possible to provide an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a resist film using the above actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a pattern forming method, and an electronic device manufacturing method.
Abstract
Description
また、特許文献2には、特定の光酸発生剤を含むレジスト組成物が記載されている。
下記一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位を有する樹脂Pと、光酸発生剤Awとを含有し、
上記光酸発生剤Awは、活性光線又は放射線の照射により、pKaが-1.40以上の酸を発生する化合物である、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
Mpは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。
Lpは、2価の連結基を表す。
Xpは、O、S、又はNRN1を表す。RN1は水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。
Rpは、1価の有機基を表す。
<2>
上記pKaが-1.40以上の酸がスルホン酸である<1>に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
<3>
上記pKaが-1.40以上の酸が、下記一般式(Aw-1)、(Aw-2)及び(I)~(V)のいずれかで表されるスルホン酸である、<1>又は<2>に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
一般式(Aw-2)中、R21W、R22W、及びR23Wは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、又は1価の有機基を表す。R24Wは、1価の有機基を表す。Rf2Wは、フッ素原子、又はフッ素原子を含む1価の有機基を表す。
一般式(I)中、R11及びR12は、各々独立して、1価の有機基を表す。R13は、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。L1は、-CO-O-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-O-CO-、-S-CO-又は-CO-S-で表される基を表す。R11、R12及びR13から選ばれる2つは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
一般式(II)中、R21及びR22は、各々独立して、1価の有機基を表す。R23は、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。L2は、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-O-CO-、-S-CO-又は-CO-S-で表される基を表す。R21、R22及びR23から選ばれる2つは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
一般式(III)中、R31及びR33は、各々独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。R31とR33とは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
一般式(IV)中、R41及びR43は、各々独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。R41とR43とは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
一般式(V)中、R51、R52及びR53は、各々独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。R51、R52及びR53から選ばれる2つは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
<4>
上記pKaが-1.40以上の酸がアルキルスルホン酸であり、
上記アルキルスルホン酸は、
フッ素原子を含まないアルキルスルホン酸であるか、又は、
スルホン酸基のα位の炭素原子にフッ素原子若しくはフルオロアルキル基が結合しており、かつ、上記スルホン酸基のα位の炭素原子に結合したフッ素原子の数と、上記スルホン酸基のα位の炭素原子に結合したフルオロアルキル基の数の総和が1である、アルキルスルホン酸である、<1>~<3>のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
<5>
上記一般式(P1)におけるLp-Rpで表される基が、酸分解性基を含む、<1>~<4>のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
<6>
上記一般式(P1)におけるLp-Rpで表される基が、極性基を含み、
上記極性基が、エステル基、スルホネート基、スルホンアミド基、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、カーボネート基、カーバメート基、水酸基、スルホキシド基、スルホニル基、ケトン基、イミド基、アミド基、スルホンイミド基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、及びエーテル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの基である、<1>~<4>のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
<7>
上記Lpが、-CO-O-、-CO-、-NRL1-、2価の芳香族基、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す<1>~<6>のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。ただし、RL1は水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。
<8>
上記Mpが、単結合又は炭素数1~5のアルキレン基を表す<1>~<7>のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
<9>
上記一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位が、下記一般式(P2)又は(P3)で表される繰り返し単位である、<1>~<8>のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
Mp1は、単結合又は炭素数1~5のアルキレン基を表す。
Rpは、1価の有機基を表す。
Mp1は、単結合又は炭素数1~5のアルキレン基を表す。
Rpは、1価の有機基を表す。
RN1は水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。
<10>
上記Rpが、下記一般式(RP-1)又は(RP-2)で表される<9>に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
Rp1~Rp3は、各々独立にアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、又はアリール基を表す。
Rp1~Rp3のいずれか2つが結合して環構造を形成しても良い。
*は上記Rpが結合する酸素原子との結合部位を表す。
Rp4及びRp5は、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
Rp6は、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
Rp4~Rp6のいずれか2つが結合して環構造を形成しても良い。
*は上記Rpが結合する酸素原子との結合部位を表す。
<11>
上記樹脂Pが、上記一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位とは別の繰り返し単位であって、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位K1を更に含む、<1>~<10>のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
<12>
上記樹脂Pが、上記一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位とは別の繰り返し単位であって、極性基を有する繰り返し単位K2を更に含む、<1>~<11>のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
<13>
塩基性化合物(DA)、活性光線又は放射線の照射により塩基性が低下又は消失する塩基性化合物(DB)、上記光酸発生剤Awから発生する酸よりもpKaが1.00以上大きい酸を発生する化合物(DC)、窒素原子を有し、酸の作用により脱離する基を有する化合物(DD)、及びカチオン部に窒素原子を有するオニウム塩化合物(DE)の少なくとも1つを更に含有する<1>~<12>のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
<14>
<1>~<13>のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて形成されたレジスト膜。
<15>
<1>~<13>のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いたパターン形成方法。
<16>
<15>に記載のパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。
すなわち、本発明における樹脂Pは、一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位を有しており、この繰り返し単位は、-XpHで表されるプロトン性基を有するため、光酸発生剤から発生した酸(発生酸)と相互作用して、発生酸の拡散を抑制できると考えられる。また、本発明では、pKaが-1.40以上の酸を発生する光酸発生剤Awを用いている。光酸発生剤Awから発生する酸は、pKaが-1.40以上の弱酸であるため、発生酸のプロトンと結合している原子(典型的にはヘテロ原子)の電子密度が高く、樹脂Pの-XpHで表されるプロトン性基との相互作用が、強酸に比べて強くなり、発生酸の拡散がより効果的に抑制されると考えられる。
以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に制限されない。
本明細書中における「活性光線」又は「放射線」とは、例えば、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線(EUV:Extreme Ultraviolet)、X線、及び電子線(EB:Electron Beam)等を意味する。本明細書中における「光」とは、活性光線又は放射線を意味する。
本明細書中における「露光」とは、特に断らない限り、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線、X線、及びEUV等による露光のみならず、電子線、及びイオンビーム等の粒子線による描画も含む。
本明細書において、「~」とはその前後に記載される数値を下限値及び上限値として含む意味で使用される。
本明細書において、樹脂の重量平均分子量(Mw)、数平均分子量(Mn)、及び分散度(分子量分布ともいう。)(Mw/Mn)は、GPC(Gel Permeation Chromatography)装置(東ソー製HLC-8120GPC)によるGPC測定(溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン、流量(サンプル注入量):10μL、カラム:東ソー社製TSK gel Multipore HXL-M、カラム温度:40℃、流速:1.0mL/分、検出器:示差屈折率検出器(Refractive Index Detector))によるポリスチレン換算値として定義される。
置換基Tとしては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子及びヨウ素原子等のハロゲン原子;メトキシ基、エトキシ基及びtert-ブトキシ基等のアルコキシ基;フェノキシ基及びp-トリルオキシ基等のアリールオキシ基;メトキシカルボニル基、ブトキシカルボニル基及びフェノキシカルボニル基等のアルコキシカルボニル基;アセトキシ基、プロピオニルオキシ基及びベンゾイルオキシ基等のアシルオキシ基;アセチル基、ベンゾイル基、イソブチリル基、アクリロイル基、メタクリロイル基及びメトキサリル基等のアシル基;メチルスルファニル基及びtert-ブチルスルファニル基等のアルキルスルファニル基;フェニルスルファニル基及びp-トリルスルファニル基等のアリールスルファニル基;アルキル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ヘテロアリール基;水酸基;カルボキシ基;ホルミル基;スルホ基;シアノ基;アルキルアミノカルボニル基;アリールアミノカルボニル基;スルホンアミド基;シリル基;アミノ基;モノアルキルアミノ基;ジアルキルアミノ基;アリールアミノ基;並びにこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物(以下、「本発明の組成物」ともいう。)は、一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位を有する樹脂Pと、光酸発生剤Awとを含有し、上記光酸発生剤Awは、活性光線又は放射線の照射により、pKaが-1.40以上の酸を発生する化合物である。
本発明の組成物は、典型的には、化学増幅型のレジスト組成物である。
以下、本発明の組成物に含まれる成分について詳述する。
本発明の組成物は、下記一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位を有する樹脂(「樹脂P」ともいう)を含む。
Mpは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。
Lpは、2価の連結基を表す。
Xpは、O、S、又はNRN1を表す。RN1は水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。
Rpは、1価の有機基を表す。
Mpが2価の連結基を表す場合の2価の連結基としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、-C(=O)-、-O-、-S(=O)2-、アルキレン基(直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。好ましくは炭素数1~10のアルキレン基)、シクロアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数3~20のシクロアルキレン基)、2価のヘテロ環基、2価の芳香族基(好ましくは炭素数6~20のアリーレン基であり、より好ましくは炭素数6~10のアリーレン基であり、更に好ましくはフェニレン基)、-NRM1-及びこれらを組み合わせてできる連結基が挙げられる。ただし、RM1は水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、水素原子又はアルキル基(好ましくは置換基を有してもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基)を表すことが好ましい。上記アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、2価のヘテロ環基、及び2価の芳香族基は、置換基を有していてもよい。上記置換基としては前述の置換基Tが挙げられ、アルキル基、フッ素原子、フルオロアルキル基などが好ましい。
Mpとしては、単結合又はアルキレン基であることが好ましく、単結合又は炭素数1~5のアルキレン基であることがより好ましい。Mpが単結合又は炭素数1~5のアルキレン基であると、樹脂PのMp-Xp-Hで表される側鎖の長さが適度に短くなるため、樹脂Pが高いガラス転移点を維持できる。これにより、側鎖がより長い場合に比べて、酸の拡散が更に抑制される。
Mpとしては、炭素数1~4のアルキレン基であることがより好ましく、炭素数1~3のアルキレン基であることが更に好ましく、メチレン基又はエチレン基であることが特に好ましく、メチレン基であることが最も好ましい。
Lpが表す2価の連結基としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、-C(=O)-、-O-、-S(=O)2-、アルキレン基(直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。好ましくは炭素数1~10のアルキレン基)、シクロアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数3~20のシクロアルキレン基)、2価のヘテロ環基、2価の芳香族基(好ましくは炭素数6~20のアリーレン基であり、より好ましくは炭素数6~10のアリーレン基であり、更に好ましくはフェニレン基)、-NRL1-及びこれらを組み合わせてできる連結基が挙げられる。ただし、RL1は水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、水素原子又はアルキル基(好ましくは置換基を有してもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基)を表すことが好ましい。上記アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、2価のヘテロ環基、及び2価の芳香族基は、置換基を有していてもよい。上記置換基としては前述の置換基Tが挙げられる。
Lpは、-CO-O-、-CO-、-NRL1-、2価の芳香族基、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表すことが好ましく、-CO-O-を表すことがより好ましい。なお、-CO-O-は、左側の結合手(カルボニル基の結合手)が一般式(P1)の主鎖に結合し、右側の結合手(酸素原子の結合手)が一般式(P1)のRpに結合することが好ましい。
RN1が1価の有機基を表す場合の1価の有機基としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、アルキルスルホニル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10のアルキルスルホニル基)、アルキル基(直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。好ましくは炭素数1~10のアルキル基)、シクロアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数6~20のアリール基)等が挙げられる。これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、前述の置換基Tが挙げられ、例えば、ハロゲン原子(好ましくはフッ素原子)等が挙げられる。
RN1は、炭素数1~6のアルキルスルホニル基が好ましく、フッ素原子が置換した炭素数1~6のアルキルスルホニル基がより好ましく、トリフルオロメチルスルホニル基が最も好ましい。
Xpは、O又はNRN1を表すことが好ましく、Oを表すことがより好ましい。
Rpが表す1価の有機基としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、アルキル基(直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。好ましくは炭素数1~10のアルキル基)、シクロアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数6~20のアリール基)、シアノ基、ラクトン基、スルトン基等を有する基が挙げられる。上記アルキル基及び上記シクロアルキル基は、炭素-炭素結合の間にヘテロ原子(例えば、酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子など)を有してもよい。Rpの例として挙げた上記基は置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、前述の置換基Tが挙げられ、好ましくはアルキル基、水酸基などである。
態様1:Lp-Rpで表される基が酸分解性基を含む態様
態様2:Lp-Rpで表される基が極性基を含む態様
酸分解性基とは、酸の作用により分解して極性が増大する基である。
Lp-Rpで表される基が酸分解性基を含む場合、樹脂Pは酸分解性樹脂となる。
樹脂Pが酸分解性樹脂である場合、本発明の組成物を用いたパターン形成方法において、典型的には、現像液としてアルカリ現像液を採用した場合、ポジ型パターンが好適に形成され、現像液として有機系現像液を採用した場合、ネガ型パターンが好適に形成される。
酸分解性基は、極性基が酸の作用により分解し脱離する基(脱離基)で保護された構造を含むことが好ましい。
極性基としては、カルボキシ基、フェノール性水酸基、フッ素化アルコール基、スルホン酸基、スルホンアミド基、スルホニルイミド基、(アルキルスルホニル)(アルキルカルボニル)メチレン基、(アルキルスルホニル)(アルキルカルボニル)イミド基、ビス(アルキルカルボニル)メチレン基、ビス(アルキルカルボニル)イミド基、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)メチレン基、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)イミド基、トリス(アルキルカルボニル)メチレン基、及びトリス(アルキルスルホニル)メチレン基等の酸性基(2.38質量%テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液中で解離する基)、並びに、アルコール性水酸基等が挙げられる。
酸の作用により脱離する基(脱離基)としては、例えば、-C(R36)(R37)(R38)、-C(R36)(R37)(OR39)、及び-C(R01)(R02)(OR39)等が挙げられる。
式中、R36~R39は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、又はアルケニル基を表す。R36とR37とは、互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
R01及びR02は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、又はアルケニル基を表す。
R36~R39、R01、及びR02のシクロアルキル基は、単環でも、多環でもよい。単環としては、炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロへキシル基、及びシクロオクチル基等が挙げられる。多環としては、炭素数6~20のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、例えば、アダマンチル基、ノルボルニル基、イソボルニル基、カンファニル基、ジシクロペンチル基、α-ピネル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデシル基、及びアンドロスタニル基等が挙げられる。なお、シクロアルキル基中の1つ以上の炭素原子が酸素原子等のヘテロ原子によって置換されていてもよい。
R36~R39、R01、及びR02のアリール基は、炭素数6~10のアリール基が好ましく、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、及びアントリル基等が挙げられる。
R36~R39、R01、及びR02のアラルキル基は、炭素数7~12のアラルキル基が好ましく、例えば、ベンジル基、フェネチル基、及びナフチルメチル基等が挙げられる。
R36~R39、R01、及びR02のアルケニル基は、炭素数2~8のアルケニル基が好ましく、例えば、ビニル基、アリル基、ブテニル基、及びシクロへキセニル基等が挙げられる。
R36とR37とが互いに結合して形成される環としては、シクロアルキル基(単環又は多環)が好ましい。単環のシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、又はシクロヘキシル基等が好ましく、多環のシクロアルキル基としては、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、又はアダマンチル基等が好ましい。
Lp-Rpで表される基が極性基を含むことで、樹脂Pの有機溶剤への溶解性を低下させることができる。特に、Rpが極性基を含むことが好ましい。上記極性基としては、エステル基、スルホネート基、スルホンアミド基、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、カーボネート基、カーバメート基、水酸基、スルホキシド基、スルホニル基、ケトン基、イミド基、アミド基、スルホンイミド基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、及びエーテル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの基であることが好ましく、ラクトン基、スルトン基、スルタム基、カルボン酸基、アルコール性水酸基、及び環状カーボネート基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの基であることがより好ましく、ラクトン基又はスルトン基であることが更に好ましく、ラクトン基であることが特に好ましい。
すなわち、Lp-Rpで表される基は、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有することが好ましく、ラクトン構造を有することが特に好ましい。
ビシクロ構造又はスピロ構造を形成する形で5~7員環ラクトン環に他の環が縮環しているラクトン構造も好ましい。ビシクロ構造又はスピロ構造を形成する形で5~7員環スルトン環に他の環が縮環しているスルトン構造も好ましい。
なかでも、一般式(LC1-1)、一般式(LC1-4)、一般式(LC1-5)、一般式(LC1-8)、一般式(LC1-16)、一般式(LC1-21)、若しくは、一般式(LC1-22)で表されるラクトン構造、又は一般式(SL1-1)で表されるスルトン構造が好ましい。
Mp1は、単結合又は炭素数1~5のアルキレン基を表す。
Rpは、1価の有機基を表す。
Mp1は、単結合又は炭素数1~5のアルキレン基を表す。
Rpは、1価の有機基を表す。
RN1は水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。
Rp1~Rp3は、各々独立にアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、又はアリール基を表す。
Rp1~Rp3のいずれか2つが結合して環構造を形成しても良い。
*は上記Rpが結合する酸素原子との結合部位を表す。
Rp4及びRp5は、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
Rp6は、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
Rp4~Rp6のいずれか2つが結合して環構造を形成しても良い。
*は上記Rpが結合する酸素原子との結合部位を表す。
Rp1~Rp3がアルキル基を表す場合のアルキル基としては、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよく、特に限定されないが、炭素数1~8のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルキル基がより好ましく、炭素数1~3のアルキル基が更に好ましい。例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、へキシル基、及びオクチル基等が挙げられる。上記アルキル基は置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては前述の置換基Tが挙げられる。
Rp1~Rp3がシクロアルキル基を表す場合のシクロアルキル基としては、特に限定されず、単環でも、多環でもよい。単環としては、炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロへキシル基、及びシクロオクチル基等が挙げられる。多環としては、炭素数6~20のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、例えば、アダマンチル基、ノルボルニル基、イソボルニル基、カンファニル基、ジシクロペンチル基、α-ピネル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデシル基、テトラシクロドデシル基、及びアンドロスタニル基等が挙げられる。なお、シクロアルキル基中の1つ以上の炭素原子が酸素原子等のヘテロ原子によって置換されていてもよい。上記シクロアルキル基は置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては前述の置換基Tが挙げられる。
Rp1~Rp3がアリール基を表す場合のアリール基としては、特に限定されず、炭素数6~20のアリール基が好ましく、炭素数6~15のアリール基がより好ましく、フェニル基が最も好ましい。上記アリール基は置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては前述の置換基Tが挙げられる。
Rp1~Rp3のいずれか2つが結合して形成される環は単環でも多環でもよい。単環の例としては、炭素数3~20の環であることが好ましく、シクロペンチル環、シクロヘキシル環、シクロヘプチル環、及びシクロオクタン環等の単環のシクロアルカン環が挙げられる。多環の例としては、炭素数5~30の環であることが好ましく、ノルボルナン環、テトラシクロデカン環、テトラシクロドデカン環、及びアダマンタン環等の多環のシクロアルキル環が挙げられる。なかでも、シクロペンチル環、シクロヘキシル環、又はアダマンタン環が好ましい。
また、下記に示す環も好ましい。
一般式(RP-2)中のRp4~Rp6がアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す場合、その具体例及び好ましい例は、一般式(RP-1)中のRp1~Rp3がアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す場合と同様である。
Rp4及びRp5の一方は水素原子を表し、他方はアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表すことが好ましい。
樹脂Pは、一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位とは別の繰り返し単位であって、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位(「繰り返し単位K1」ともいう。)を更に含んでいてもよい。
特に、一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位が、酸分解性基を有さない場合は、繰り返し単位K1を有することが好ましい。
繰り返し単位K1における酸分解性基については、Lp-Rpで表される基が酸分解性基を含む態様(態様1)において記載した酸分解性基と同様である。
Tの2価の連結基としては、アルキレン基、アリーレン基、-COO-Rt-、及び-O-Rt-等が挙げられる。式中、Rtは、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、又はアリーレン基を表す。
Tは、単結合又は-COO-Rt-が好ましい。Rtは、炭素数1~5の鎖状アルキレン基が好ましく、-CH2-、-(CH2)2-、又は-(CH2)3-がより好ましい。
Tは、単結合であることがより好ましい。
Xa1は、水素原子又はアルキル基であることが好ましい。
Xa1のアルキル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、水酸基及びハロゲン原子(好ましくは、フッ素原子)が挙げられる。
Xa1のアルキル基は、炭素数1~4が好ましく、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ヒドロキシメチル基、及びトリフルオロメチル基等が挙げられる。Xa1のアルキル基は、メチル基であることが好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のいずれか2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、形成しなくてもよい。
Rx1、Rx2、及びRx3のアルキル基としては、直鎖状であっても、分岐鎖状であってもよく、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、及びt-ブチル基等が好ましい。アルキル基の炭素数としては、1~10が好ましく、1~5がより好ましく、1~3が更に好ましい。Rx1、Rx2、及びRx3のアルキル基は、炭素間結合の一部が二重結合であってもよい。
Rx1、Rx2、及びRx3のシクロアルキル基は、単環でも多環でもよい。単環のシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基及びシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。多環のシクロアルキル基としては、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基等が挙げられる。
また、Rx1、Rx2、及びRx3の2つが結合して形成する環としては、下記に示す環も好ましい。
樹脂Pは、一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位とは別の繰り返し単位であって、別の極性基を有する繰り返し単位(「繰り返し単位K2」ともいう。)を更に含んでいてもよい。
特に、一般式(P1)中のLp-Rpで表される基が、極性基を有さない場合(より詳細には、Rpが極性基を有さない場合であり、かつ樹脂Pが酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位以外の極性基を有する繰り返いし単位を有さない場合)は、繰り返し単位K2を有することが好ましい。
繰り返し単位K2における極性基については、Lp-Rpで表される基が極性基を含む態様(態様2)において記載した極性基と同様である。
ALSは、エステル結合(-COO-で表される基)又はアミド結合(-CONH-で表される基)を表す。
RLS2のアルキレン基又はシクロアルキレン基は置換基を有してもよい。
中でもRLS3は、エーテル結合又はエステル結合が好ましく、エステル結合がより好ましい。
なかでも、前述の一般式(LC1-1)~(LC1-22)で表される構造、及び一般式(SL1-1)~(SL1-3)で表される構造のいずれかにおいて、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を構成する炭素原子1つから、水素原子を1つ除いてなる基であることが好ましい。なお、上記水素原子を1つ除かれる炭素原子は、置換基(Rb2)を構成する炭素原子ではないことが好ましい。
下記の例示において、ビニル基に結合するメチル基は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、又は1価の有機基に置き換えられてもよい。
環状炭酸エステル構造を有する繰り返し単位としては、下記一般式(A-1)で表される繰り返し単位が好ましい。
nは0以上の整数を表す。
RA 2は、置換基を表す。nが2以上の場合、複数存在するRA 2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Aは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。
Zは、式中の-O-CO-O-で表される基と共に単環又は多環を形成する原子団を表す。
樹脂Pは、一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位とは別の繰り返し単位であって、酸分解性基及び極性基のいずれも有さない繰り返し単位(「繰り返し単位K3」ともいう。)を更に含んでいてもよい。
繰り返し単位K3は、脂環炭化水素構造を有することが好ましい。繰り返し単位K3としては、例えば、米国特許出願公開2016/0026083A1号明細書の段落[0236]~[0237]に記載された繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
以下に、繰り返し単位K3に相当するモノマーの好ましい例を以下に示す。
樹脂Pが繰り返し単位K3を含む場合、樹脂Pに含まれる繰り返し単位K3の種類は1種でもよく、2種以上でもよい。
樹脂Pが繰り返し単位K3を含む場合、繰り返し単位K3の含有量(繰り返し単位K3が複数存在する場合はその合計の含有量)は、樹脂P中の全繰り返し単位に対して、5~40モル%が好ましく、5~30モル%がより好ましく、5~25モル%が更に好ましい。
このような繰り返し単位としては、所定の単量体に相当する繰り返し単位が挙げられるが、これらに制限されない。
その他にも、上記種々の繰り返し構造単位に相当する単量体と共重合可能である付加重合性の不飽和化合物を用いてもよい。
樹脂Pにおいて、各繰り返し構造単位の含有モル比は、種々の性能を調節するために適宜設定される。
本発明の組成物がKrF露光用、EB露光用、又はEUV露光用であるとき、樹脂Pに含まれる芳香族炭化水素環基を有する繰り返し単位の含有量は、樹脂P中の全繰り返し単位に対して、30モル%以上が好ましい。なお、上限は特に制限されないが、例えば100モル%以下である。なかでも、30~100モル%が好ましく、40~100モル%がより好ましく、50~100モル%が更に好ましい。
本発明の組成物中、樹脂Pの含有量は、全固形分に対して、10質量%以上90質量%以下が好ましく、20質量%以上90質量%以下がより好ましく、30質量%以上90質量%以下が更に好ましい。
なお、固形分とは、組成物中の溶剤を除いた成分を意図し、溶剤以外の成分であれば液状成分であっても固形分とみなす。
本発明の組成物は、光酸発生剤Awを含有する。
光酸発生剤Awは、活性光線又は放射線の照射により、pKaが-1.40以上の酸を発生する化合物である。
前述したとおり、本発明では、pKaが-1.40以上という弱酸を発生する光酸発生剤Awを用いることで、pKaが-1.40未満の強酸を発生する光酸発生剤を用いる場合に比べて、樹脂Pとの相互作用が強くなり、発生酸の拡散を抑制することができ、これによって、EL性能が向上し、LWR及びLERが小さく、CDUに優れる。
活性光線又は放射線の照射により光酸発生剤Awから発生するpKaが-1.40以上の酸は、アルキルスルホン酸であることが好ましい。上記アルキルスルホン酸は、フッ素原子を含まないアルキルスルホン酸であるか、又は、スルホン酸基のα位の炭素原子にフッ素原子若しくはフルオロアルキル基が結合しており、かつ、上記スルホン酸基のα位の炭素原子に結合したフッ素原子の数と、上記スルホン酸基のα位の炭素原子に結合したフルオロアルキル基の数の総和が1である、アルキルスルホン酸であることが好ましい。
換言すれば、光酸発生剤Awは、活性光線又は放射線の照射により、下記一般式(Aw-1)、(Aw-2)及び(I)~(V)のいずれかで表されるスルホン酸を発生する化合物であることが好ましい。
一般式(Aw-2)中、R21W、R22W、及びR23Wは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、又は1価の有機基を表す。R24Wは、1価の有機基を表す。Rf2Wは、フッ素原子、又はフッ素原子を含む1価の有機基を表す。
一般式(I)中、R11及びR12は、各々独立して、1価の有機基を表す。R13は、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。L1は、-CO-O-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-O-CO-、-S-CO-又は-CO-S-で表される基を表す。R11、R12及びR13の2つは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
一般式(II)中、R21及びR22は、各々独立して、1価の有機基を表す。R23は、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。L2は、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-O-CO-、-S-CO-又は-CO-S-で表される基を表す。R21、R22及びR23の2つは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
一般式(III)中、R31及びR33は、各々独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。R31とR33とは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
一般式(IV)中、R41及びR43は、各々独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。R41とR43とは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
一般式(V)中、R51、R52及びR53は、各々独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。R51、R52及びR53の2つは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
R11Wで表される1価の有機基としては特に制限されず、炭素数1~20の有機基であることが好ましい。1価の有機基としては、例えば、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基が挙げられ、上記アルキル基は直鎖状及び分岐鎖状のいずれであってもよい。上記アルキル基の炭素数は、1~20が好ましく、1~10がより好ましく、炭素数1~6が更に好ましい。上記シクロアルキル基の炭素数は3~20好ましく、6~20がより好ましい。なお、R11Wで表されるアルキル基及びシクロアルキル基は、更に置換基を有していてもよい。R11Wで表される1価の有機基はフッ素原子を有さないことが好ましい。
R11Wとしては、水素原子が好ましい。
環状の有機基としては、例えば、脂環基、アリール基、及び複素環基が挙げられる。
脂環基は、単環式であってもよく、多環式であってもよい。単環式の脂環基としては、例えば、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、及びシクロオクチル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基が挙げられる。多環式の脂環基としては、例えば、ノルボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が挙げられる。なかでも、ノルボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基等の炭素数7以上の嵩高い構造を有する脂環基が好ましい。
複素環基は、単環式であってもよく、多環式であってもよい。また、複素環基は、芳香族性を有していてもよいし、芳香族性を有していなくてもよい。芳香族性を有している複素環としては、例えば、フラン環、チオフェン環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、ジベンゾフラン環、ジベンゾチオフェン環、及びピリジン環が挙げられる。芳香族性を有していない複素環としては、例えば、テトラヒドロピラン環、ラクトン環、スルトン環、及びデカヒドロイソキノリン環が挙げられる。ラクトン環及びスルトン環の例としては、前述の樹脂において例示したラクトン構造及びスルトン構造が挙げられる。複素環基における複素環としては、フラン環、チオフェン環、ピリジン環、又はデカヒドロイソキノリン環が特に好ましい。
Rf1Wで表される1価の有機基としては特に制限されず、例えば、フッ素原子を含む1価の有機基が挙げられ、少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基(直鎖状及び分岐鎖状のいずれであってもよい。)又はシクロアルキル基が好ましく挙げられる。上記アルキル基の炭素数は、1~10が好ましく、1~6がより好ましく、1~4が更に好ましく、1~3が特に好ましい。上記シクロアルキル基の炭素数は3~20が好ましく、6~15がより好ましい。また、少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基としては、パーフルオロアルキル基が好ましい。少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換されたシクロアルキル基としては、パーフルオロシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Rf1Wとしては、水素原子、フッ素原子又はパーフルオロアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子、フッ素原子又は炭素数1~4のパーフルオロアルキル基がより好ましく、水素原子、フッ素原子又はトリフルオロメチル基がより好ましい。
R21W、R22W、及びR23Wとしては、なかでも、水素原子又はフッ素原子が好ましい。
なお、R21WとR22Wは、少なくとも一方はフッ素原子以外の基を表すことが好ましく、いずれもが水素原子であることがより好ましい。
R24Wで表される1価の有機基としては、炭素数1~20の有機基であることが好ましく、例えば、フッ素原子を有さない炭素数1~20の1価の有機基が挙げられ、具体的には、一般式(Aw-1)中のR12Wで表される1価の有機基と同様のものが挙げられる。
Rf2Wで表されるフッ素原子を含む1価の有機基としては、一般式(Aw-1)中のRf1Wで表されるフッ素原子を含む1価の有機基で例示したものが挙げられる。
上記置換基としては、特に限定されないが、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基(直鎖、分岐のいずれであっても良く、炭素数1~12が好ましい)、シクロアルキル基(単環、多環、スピロ環のいずれであっても良く、炭素数3~20が好ましい)、アリール基(炭素数6~14が好ましい)、ヒドロキシ基、カルボニル基、エーテル基、シアノ基、アルコキシ基、エステル基、アミド基、ウレタン基、ウレイド基、チオエーテル基、スルホンアミド基、スルホン酸エステル基、及び、これらの基から選択される2種以上が組み合わされてなる基等が挙げられる。
一般式(II)中、L2は、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-O-CO-、-S-CO-又は-CO-S-で表される基を表し、上記した2価の連結基は、左側の結合手が、スルホン酸基(-SO3H)が結合する炭素原子に結合し、右側の結合手が、R22に結合することが好ましい。
一般式(b)中、Rf2及びRf3は、各々独立して、フッ素原子、又は、フッ素原子を含むアルキル基を表す。R2は、1価の有機基を表す。
R1及びR2の好ましい範囲は、R12Wと同様である。
また、フッ素原子を含むアルキル基は、パーフルオロアルキル基であることが好ましく、トリフルオロメチル基であることがより好ましい。
R201、R202及びR203は、各々独立に、有機基を表す。
R201、R202及びR203としての有機基の炭素数は、一般的に1~30であり、好ましくは1~20である。
また、R201~R203のうち2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル結合、アミド結合、又はカルボニル基を含んでいてもよい。R201~R203の内の2つが結合して形成する基としては、アルキレン基(例えば、ブチレン基、ペンチレン基)及び-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-が挙げられる。
Z-は、アニオン(非求核性アニオンが好ましい。)を表し、前述の一般式(Aw-1)、(Aw-2)及び(I)~(V)のいずれかで表されるスルホン酸に対応するスルホン酸アニオンを表すことが好ましい。
なお、光酸発生剤Awは、一般式(ZI)で表される構造を複数有する化合物であってもよい。例えば、一般式(ZI)で表される化合物のR201~R203の少なくとも1つと、一般式(ZI)で表されるもうひとつの化合物のR201~R203の少なくとも一つとが、単結合又は連結基を介して結合した構造を有する化合物であってもよい。
化合物(ZI-1)は、上記一般式(ZI)のR201~R203の少なくとも1つがアリール基である、アリールスルホニウム化合物、すなわち、アリールスルホニウムをカチオンとする化合物である。
アリールスルホニウム化合物は、R201~R203の全てがアリール基でもよいし、R201~R203の一部がアリール基であり、残りがアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基であってもよい。
また、R201~R203のうちの1つがアリール基であり、R201~R203のうちの残りの2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル基、アミド基、又はカルボニル基を含んでいてもよい。R201~R203のうちの2つが結合して形成する基としては、例えば、1つ以上のメチレン基が酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル基、アミド基、及び/又はカルボニル基で置換されていてもよいアルキレン基(例えば、ブチレン基、ペンチレン基、又は-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-)が挙げられる。
アリールスルホニウム化合物としては、例えば、トリアリールスルホニウム化合物、ジアリールアルキルスルホニウム化合物、アリールジアルキルスルホニウム化合物、ジアリールシクロアルキルスルホニウム化合物、及びアリールジシクロアルキルスルホニウム化合物が挙げられる。
アリールスルホニウム化合物が必要に応じて有しているアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基は、炭素数1~15の直鎖状アルキル基、炭素数3~15の分岐鎖状アルキル基、又は炭素数3~15のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
化合物(ZI-2)は、式(ZI)におけるR201~R203が、各々独立に、芳香環を有さない有機基を表す化合物である。ここで芳香環とは、ヘテロ原子を含む芳香族環も包含する。
R201~R203としての芳香環を有さない有機基は、一般的に炭素数1~30であり、炭素数1~20が好ましい。
R201~R203は、各々独立に、好ましくはアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリル基、又はビニル基であり、より好ましくは直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の2-オキソアルキル基、2-オキソシクロアルキル基、又はアルコキシカルボニルメチル基、更に好ましくは直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の2-オキソアルキル基である。
R201~R203は、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシ基(例えば炭素数1~5)、水酸基、シアノ基、又はニトロ基によって更に置換されていてもよい。
Mで表されるアリール基としては、フェニル基、又はナフチル基が好ましく、フェニル基がより好ましい。アリール基は、酸素原子又は硫黄原子等を有する複素環構造を有するアリール基であってもよい。複素環構造としては、フラン環、チオフェン環、ベンゾフラン環、及びベンゾチオフェン環等が挙げられる。
なお、Mが環構造を有する場合、上記環構造は、酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル結合、アミド結合、及び、炭素-炭素二重結合の少なくとも1種を含んでいてもよい。
R6c及びR7cで表されるハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、及びヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
Rx及びRyで表されるアルケニル基としては、アリル基又はビニル基が好ましい。
上記Rx及びRyは、更に置換基(例えば、置換基T)を有していてもよい。この態様として、例えば、Rx及びRyとして2-オキソアルキル基又はアルコキシカルボニルアルキル基などが挙げられる。
Rx及びRyで表される2-オキソアルキル基としては、例えば、炭素数1~15(好ましくは炭素数1~10)のものが挙げられ、具体的には、2-オキソプロピル基、及び2-オキソブチル基等が挙げられる。
Rx及びRyで表されるアルコキシカルボニルアルキル基としては、例えば、炭素数1~15(好ましくは炭素数1~10)のものが挙げられる。また、RxとRyは、結合して環を形成してもよい。
RxとRyとが互いに連結して形成される環構造は、酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル結合、アミド結合、又は、炭素-炭素二重結合を含んでいてもよい。
化合物(ZI-3A)は、下記一般式(ZI-3A)で表され、フェナシルスルフォニウム塩構造を有する化合物である。
R1c~R5cは、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニルオキシ基、シクロアルキルカルボニルオキシ基、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、アルキルチオ基又はアリールチオ基を表す。
R6c及びR7cとしては、上述した一般式(ZI-3)中のR6c及びR7cと同義であり、その好ましい態様も同じである。
Rx及びRyとしては、上述した上述した一般式(ZI-3)中のRx及びRyと同義であり、その好ましい態様も同じである。
上記環構造としては、芳香族又は非芳香族の炭化水素環、芳香族又は非芳香族の複素環、及びこれらの環が2つ以上組み合わされてなる多環縮合環が挙げられる。環構造としては、3~10員環が挙げられ、4~8員環が好ましく、5又は6員環がより好ましい。
R5cとR6c、及びR5cとRxが結合して形成する基としては、単結合又はアルキレン基が好ましい。アルキレン基としては、メチレン基、及びエチレン基等が挙げられる。
Zc-は、アニオンを表し、前述の一般式(Aw-1)、(Aw-2)及び(I)~(V)のいずれかで表されるスルホン酸に対応するスルホン酸アニオンを表すことが好ましい。
化合物(ZI-4)は、下記一般式(ZI-4)で表される。
lは0~2の整数を表す。lは0であることが特に好ましい。
rは0~8の整数を表す。
R13は、水素原子、フッ素原子、水酸基、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、又は単環若しくは多環のシクロアルキル骨格を有する基を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。
R14は、複数存在する場合は各々独立して、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルスルホニル基、シクロアルキルスルホニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、又は単環若しくは多環のシクロアルキル骨格を有するアルコキシ基を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。
R15は、各々独立して、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、又はナフチル基を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。2つのR15が互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。2つのR15が互いに結合して環を形成するとき、環骨格内に、酸素原子、又は窒素原子等のヘテロ原子を含んでもよい。一態様において、2つのR15がアルキレン基であり、互いに結合して環構造を形成することが好ましい。
Z-は、アニオンを表し、前述の一般式(Aw-1)、(Aw-2)及び(I)~(V)のいずれかで表されるスルホン酸に対応するスルホン酸アニオンを表すことが好ましい。
2つのR15が互い結合して環を形成する場合の環は置換基を有していてもよい。上記置換基としては特に限定されないが、例えば、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、又はアルコキシ基が挙げられる。上記ハロゲン原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子であることが好ましく、フッ素原子であることがより好ましい。上記アルキル基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~10が好ましく、1~6がより好ましい。上記アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基等が挙げられる。上記アルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては特に限定されないが、例えばハロゲン原子が挙げられる。上記アルコキシ基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。上記アルコキシ基の炭素数は1~10が好ましく、1~6がより好ましい。上記アルコキシ基としては、例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基及びtert-ブトキシ基等が挙げられる。上記アルコキシ基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては特に限定されないが、例えば、アルコキシ基(例えば炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基)又はシクロアルキル基(例えば炭素数5~10のシクロアルキル基)が挙げられる。
一般式(ZII)、及び(ZIII)中、R204~R207は、各々独立に、アリール基、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
R204~R207のアリール基としてはフェニル基、又はナフチル基が好ましく、フェニル基がより好ましい。R204~R207のアリール基は、酸素原子、窒素原子、又は硫黄原子等を有する複素環構造を有するアリール基であってもよい。複素環構造を有するアリール基の骨格としては、例えば、ピロール、フラン、チオフェン、インドール、ベンゾフラン、及びベンゾチオフェン等が挙げられる。
R204~R207のアルキル基及びシクロアルキル基としては、炭素数1~10の直鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数3~10の分岐鎖状アルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、及びペンチル基)、又は、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基(例えばシクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、及びノルボルニル基)が好ましい。
本発明において、光酸発生剤Awは、低分子化合物の形態であることが好ましい。
光酸発生剤Awが、低分子化合物の形態である場合、分子量は3000以下が好ましく、2000以下がより好ましく、1000以下が更に好ましい。
光酸発生剤Awが、重合体の一部に組み込まれた形態である場合、樹脂Pの一部に組み込まれてもよく、樹脂Pとは異なる樹脂に組み込まれてもよい。
光酸発生剤Awは、公知の方法で合成することができ、例えば、特開2007-161707号公報に記載の方法に準じて合成することができる。
光酸発生剤Awは、1種類単独又は2種類以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
本発明の組成物における光酸発生剤Awの含有量(複数種存在する場合はその合計の含有量)は、本発明の組成物の全固形分に対して、0.1~40質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは0.5~35質量%、更に好ましくは3~30質量%、特に好ましくは3~25質量%である。
光酸発生剤Awとして、上記一般式(ZI-3)又は(ZI-4)により表される化合物を含む場合、本発明の組成物中に含まれる光酸発生剤Awの含有量(複数種存在する場合はその合計の含有量)は、本発明の組成物の全固形分に対して、5~35質量%が好ましく、7~30質量%がより好ましい。
なお、本発明の組成物は、光酸発生剤Awとは異なる光酸発生剤を含有しても良いし、含有しなくても良い。活性光線又は放射線の照射によりpKaが-1.40未満の酸を発生する光酸発生剤の含有量は、本発明の組成物の全固形分に対して、5質量%以下であることが好ましく、3質量%以下であることがより好ましく、0質量%(すなわち含有しない)ことが更に好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、酸拡散制御剤を含有することが好ましい。酸拡散制御剤は、露光時に光酸発生剤Aw等から発生する酸をトラップし、余分な発生酸による、未露光部における酸分解性樹脂の反応を抑制するクエンチャーとして作用する。例えば、塩基性化合物(DA)、活性光線又は放射線の照射により塩基性が低下又は消失する塩基性化合物(DB)(「化合物(DB)」ともいう。)、光酸発生剤Awに対して相対的に弱酸となる酸を発生する化合物(DC)(「化合物(DC)」ともいう。)、窒素原子を有し、酸の作用により脱離する基を有する低分子化合物(DD)(「化合物(DD)」ともいう。)、又はカチオン部に窒素原子を有するオニウム塩化合物(DE)(「化合物(DE)」ともいう。)等を酸拡散制御剤として使用できる。本発明の組成物においては、公知の酸拡散制御剤を適宜使用できる。例えば、米国特許出願公開2016/0070167A1号明細書の段落[0627]~[0664]、米国特許出願公開2015/0004544A1号明細書の段落[0095]~[0187]、米国特許出願公開2016/0237190A1号明細書の段落[0403]~[0423]、及び、米国特許出願公開2016/0274458A1号明細書の段落[0259]~[0328]に開示された公知の化合物を酸拡散制御剤として好適に使用できる。
塩基性化合物(DA)としては、下記式(A)~(E)で示される構造を有する化合物が好ましい。
R200、R201及びR202は、同一でも異なってもよく、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~20)、シクロアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数3~20)又はアリール基(炭素数6~20)を表す。R201とR202は、互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
R203、R204、R205及びR206は、同一でも異なってもよく、各々独立に、炭素数1~20のアルキル基を表す。
上記アルキル基について、置換基を有するアルキル基としては、炭素数1~20のアミノアルキル基、炭素数1~20のヒドロキシアルキル基、又は炭素数1~20のシアノアルキル基が好ましい。
一般式(A)及び(E)中のR200、R201、R202、R203、R204、R205及びR206が表すアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基は、無置換であることがより好ましい。
また、塩基性化合物(DA)の共役酸のpKaは、使用する光酸発生剤Awの種類によっても異なるが、例えば、0.00~14.00が好ましく、3.00~13.00がより好ましく、3.50~12.50が更に好ましい。
塩基性化合物(DB)は、プロトンアクセプター性官能基を有し、かつ、活性光線又は放射線の照射により分解して、プロトンアクセプター性が低下、消失、又はプロトンアクセプター性から酸性に変化する化合物である。
プロトンアクセプター性は、pH測定を行うことによって確認することができる。
一般式(bd-1):
Rb1-Bb1-Xb1-Ab1-W1-N--W2-Rfb1 [Cb1 +]
W1及びW2は、それぞれ独立に、-SO2-又は-CO-を表す。
Rfb1は、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、又は置換基を有していてもよいアリール基を表す。
Ab1は、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。
Xb1は、単結合、-SO2-、又は-CO-を表す。
Bb1は、単結合、酸素原子、又は-N(Rb1x)Rb1y-を表す。
Rb1xは、水素原子又は有機基を表す。
Rb1yは、単結合又は2価の有機基を表す。
Rb1は、プロトンアクセプター性官能基を有する1価の有機基を表す。
Rb1xは、Rb1yと結合して環を形成していてもよく、Rb1と結合して環を形成していてもよい。
[Cb1 +]は、カウンターカチオンを表す。
Rb1xにおけるアルキル基としては、置換基を有していてもよく、好ましくは炭素数1~20の直鎖及び分岐アルキル基であり、アルキル鎖中に酸素原子、硫黄原子、及び/又は窒素原子を有していてもよい。
なお、置換基を有するアルキル基として、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基にシクロアルキル基が置換した基(例えば、アダマンチルメチル基、アダマンチルエチル基、シクロヘキシルエチル基、及びカンファー残基等)が挙げられる。
Rb1xにおけるシクロアルキル基としては、置換基を有していてもよく、炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。また、シクロアルキル基の環内に酸素原子を有していてもよい。
Rb1xにおけるアリール基としては、置換基を有していてもよく、好ましくは炭素数6~14のアリール基である。
Rb1xにおけるアラルキル基としては、置換基を有していてもよく、好ましくは炭素数7~20のアラルキル基が挙げられる。
Rb1xにおけるアルケニル基としては、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、Rb1xとして挙げたアルキル基の任意の位置に2重結合を有する基が挙げられる。
なお、プロトンアクセプター性官能基としては、窒素原子を有する官能基が好ましく、1~3級アミノ基を有する基、又は含窒素ヘテロ環基がより好ましい。これら構造においては、構造中に含まれる窒素原子に隣接する原子の全てが、炭素原子又は水素原子であることが好ましい。また、窒素原子に対して、電子求引性の官能基(カルボニル基、スルホニル基、シアノ基、及びハロゲン原子等)が直結していないことが好ましい。
このようなプロトンアクセプター性官能基を含む1価の有機基(基Rb1)における一価の有機基としては、好ましい炭素数は2~30であり、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、及びアルケニル基等を挙げられ、各基は置換基を有していてもよい。
また、塩基性化合物(DB)の共役酸のpKaは、使用する光酸発生剤Awの種類によっても異なるが、例えば、0.00~14.00が好ましく、3.00~13.00がより好ましく、3.50~12.50が更に好ましい。
化合物(DC)は好ましくは、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物である。以下、化合物(DC)のうち活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物を、「光酸発生剤B」とも呼ぶ。
光酸発生剤Bは、光酸発生剤Awから発生する酸よりもpKaが1.00以上大きい酸を発生する化合物であることが好ましい。
光酸発生剤Bから発生する酸のpKaと、光酸発生剤Awから発生する酸のpKaとの差(光酸発生剤Bから発生する酸のpKaから光酸発生剤Awから発生する酸のpKaを引いた値)は、1.00以上であり、1.00~10.00がより好ましく、1.00~5.00が更に好ましく、1.00~3.00が特に好ましい。
また、光酸発生剤Bから発生する酸のpKaは、使用する光酸発生剤Awの種類によっても異なるが、例えば、0.00~10.00が好ましく、0.50~5.00がより好ましく、1.00~5.00が更に好ましい。
Z2cは置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~30の炭化水素基(ただし、Sに隣接する炭素原子にはフッ素原子が置換されない)を表す。
Z2cにおける上記炭化水素基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよく、環状構造を有していてもよい。また、上記炭化水素基における炭素原子(好ましくは、上記炭化水素基が環状構造を有する場合における、環状構造を形成する炭素原子)は、カルボニル炭素(-CO-)であってもよい。上記炭化水素基としては、例えば、置換基を有していてもよいノルボルニル基を有する基が挙げられる。上記ノルボルニル基を形成する炭素原子は、カルボニル炭素であってもよい。
R52は有機基を表し、Y3は直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、又はアリーレン基を表し、Rfはフッ素原子を含む炭化水素基を表す。
また、一般式(d1-2)中の「Z2c-SO3 -」は、光酸発生剤Awにおけるアニオン(好ましくは前述の一般式(a)、(b)及び(I)~(V)のいずれかで表されるスルホン酸に対応するスルホン酸アニオン)とは異なることが好ましい。
M+は、それぞれ独立に、アンモニウムカチオン、スルホニウムカチオン、又はヨードニウムカチオンである。
スルホニウムカチオン及びヨードニウムカチオンとしては、例えば、光酸発生剤Awが有してもよいカチオンにおけるスルホニウムカチオン及びヨードニウムカチオン(より具体的には、一般式(ZI)で表される化合物、及び一般式(ZII)で表される化合物におけるカチオン)が同様に使用できる。
上記化合物としては、一般式(C-1)で表される化合物又は一般式(C-2)で表される化合物が好ましい。
R1、R2、及びR3は、それぞれ独立に炭素数1以上の置換基を表す。
L1は、カチオン性基(S+、I+、又はN+)と-X-とを連結する2価の連結基又は単結合を表す。
-X-は、-COO-、-SO3 -、-SO2 -、又は-N--R4を表す。
R4は、隣接するN原子との連結部位に、カルボニル基(-CO-)、スルホニル基(-SO2-)、及びスルフィニル基(-S(=O)-)のうち少なくとも1つを有する1価の置換基を表す。
R1、R2、R3、R4、及びL1は、互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
また、一般式(C-3)において、R1~R3のうち2つを合わせて1つの2価の置換基を表し、N原子と2重結合により結合していてもよい。
塩基性部位は、アミノ基であることが好ましく、脂肪族アミノ基であることがより好ましい。また、塩基性部位中の窒素原子に隣接する原子の全てが、水素原子又は炭素原子であることが好ましい。また、塩基性向上の観点から、窒素原子に対して、電子求引性の官能基(カルボニル基、スルホニル基、シアノ基、及びハロゲン原子等)が直結していないことが好ましい。
光酸発生剤Bは、低分子化合物の形態であることが好ましい。
光酸発生剤Bが、低分子化合物の形態である場合、分子量は3,000以下が好ましく、2,000以下がより好ましく、1,000以下が更に好ましい。
化合物(DD)は、酸の作用により脱離する基を窒素原子上に有するアミン誘導体であることが好ましい。
酸の作用により脱離する基としては、アセタール基、カルボネート基、カルバメート基、3級エステル基、3級水酸基、又はヘミアミナールエーテル基が好ましく、カルバメート基、又はヘミアミナールエーテル基がより好ましい。
化合物(DD)は低分子化合物であることが好ましい。
化合物(DD)の分子量は、100~1000が好ましく、100~700がより好ましく、100~500が更に好ましい。
化合物(DD)は、窒素原子上に保護基を有するカルバメート基を有してもよい。カルバメート基を構成する保護基としては、下記一般式(d-1)で表される。
Rbは、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10)、シクロアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数3~30)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数3~30)、アラルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10)、又はアルコキシアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10)を表す。Rbは相互に結合して環を形成していてもよい。
Rbが示すアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、及びアラルキル基は、各々独立にヒドロキシル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、ピロリジノ基、ピペリジノ基、モルホリノ基、オキソ基等の官能基、アルコキシ基、又はハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい。Rbが示すアルコキシアルキル基についても同様である。
2つのRbが相互に連結して形成する環としては、脂環式炭化水素、芳香族炭化水素、複素環式炭化水素及びその誘導体等が挙げられる。
一般式(d-1)で表される基の具体的な構造としては、米国特許公報US2012/0135348A1号明細書の段落[0466]に開示された構造が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。
lは0~2の整数を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、l+m=3を満たす。
Raは、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基又はアラルキル基を表す。lが2のとき、2つのRaは同じでも異なっていてもよく、2つのRaは相互に連結して式中の窒素原子と共に複素環を形成していてもよい。この複素環には式中の窒素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい。
Rbは、上記一般式(d-1)におけるRbと同義であり、好ましい例も同様である。
一般式(6)において、Raとしてのアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、及びアラルキル基は、各々独立にRbとしてのアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、及びアラルキル基が置換されていてもよい基として前述した基と同様な基で置換されていてもよい。
本発明における特に好ましい化合物(DD)の具体例としては、米国特許出願公開2012/0135348A1号明細書の段落[0475]に開示された化合物が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。
また、化合物(DD)の共役酸のpKaは、使用する光酸発生剤Awの種類によっても異なるが、例えば、0.00~14.00が好ましく、3.00~13.00がより好ましく、3.50~12.50が更に好ましい。
化合物(DE)は、カチオン部に窒素原子を含む塩基性部位を有する化合物であることが好ましい。塩基性部位は、アミノ基であることが好ましく、脂肪族アミノ基であることがより好ましい。塩基性部位中の窒素原子に隣接する原子の全てが、水素原子又は炭素原子であることが更に好ましい。また、塩基性向上の観点から、窒素原子に対して、電子求引性の官能基(カルボニル基、スルホニル基、シアノ基、及びハロゲン原子等)が直結していないことが好ましい。
化合物(DE)の好ましい具体例としては、米国特許出願公開2015/0309408A1号明細書の段落[0203]に開示された化合物が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。
また、化合物(DE)の共役酸のpKaは、使用する光酸発生剤Awの種類によっても異なるが、例えば、0.00~14.00が好ましく、3.00~13.00がより好ましく、3.50~12.50が更に好ましい。
本発明の組成物が酸拡散制御剤を含有する場合、酸拡散制御剤の含有量(複数種存在する場合はその合計の含有量)は、本発明の組成物の全固形分を基準として、0.05~10質量%が好ましく、0.05~5質量%がより好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、疎水性樹脂を含んでいてもよい。なお、疎水性樹脂は、樹脂Pとは異なる樹脂であり、膜の膜厚均一性により優れる点で、酸の作用により分解して極性が増大する基(酸分解性基)を有する繰り返し単位を実質的に含まないことが好ましい。なお、ここでいう「実質的に含まない」とは、疎水性樹脂中、上記酸分解性基を含む繰り返し単位の含有量が、疎水性樹脂の全繰り返し単位に対して、0モル%以上5モル%以下を意図し、上限は3モル%以下が好ましく、1モル%以下がより好ましい。
本発明の組成物が疎水性樹脂を含むことで、レジスト膜(感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜)の表面における静的、及び/又は動的な接触角を制御しやすい。これにより、現像特性の改善、アウトガスの抑制、液浸露光における液浸液追随性の向上、及び液浸欠陥の低減等が可能となる。
疎水性樹脂は、レジスト膜の表面に偏在するように設計されることが好ましいが、界面活性剤とは異なり、必ずしも分子内に親水基を有する必要はなく、極性物質及び非極性物質を均一に混合するのに寄与しなくてもよい。
また、疎水性樹脂は、上記疎水性基を含む繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましい。
なお、疎水性樹脂が、フッ素原子及び/又はケイ素原子を含む場合、疎水性樹脂における上記フッ素原子及び/又はケイ素原子は、樹脂の主鎖中に含まれていてもよく、側鎖中に含まれていてもよい。
上記フッ素原子を有する直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基としては、炭素数1~4のパーフルオロアルキル基が好ましく、CF3がより好ましい。
上記フッ素原子を有するシクロアルキル基としては、炭素数3~20のパーフルオロシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
フッ素原子を有するアリール基としては、例えば、フッ素原子で置換されたフェニル基が挙げられる。
上記アルキルシリル基としては、例えば、トリメチルシリル基、トリエチルシリル基、及びtert-ブチルジメチルシリル基等が挙げられる。
ここで、疎水性樹脂中に含まれるフッ素原子の個数は、上記疎水性樹脂がフッ素原子を含む繰り返し単位を1種のみ含む場合、下記式(1)により求められる。また、上記疎水性樹脂がフッ素原子を含む繰り返し単位を2種以上含む場合、フッ素原子を含む各繰り返し単位毎の下記式(1)により求められる値の総和として求められる。
式(1):YA=a×b÷100
YA:疎水性樹脂中に含まれるフッ素原子の個数
a:フッ素原子を含む繰り返し単位中のフッ素原子の個数
b:疎水性樹脂中の全繰り返し単位に対するフッ素原子を含む繰り返し単位の含有量(モル%)
また、以下に示す(x)及び(y)が、上述した疎水性基を含んでいてもよい。
(x)酸基
(y)アルカリ現像液の作用により分解してアルカリ現像液に対する溶解度が増大する基(以下、極性変換基ともいう)
酸基としては、フッ素化アルコール基(好ましくはヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール)、スルホンイミド基、又はビス(アルキルカルボニル)メチレン基が好ましい。
なお、ラクトン基を有する繰り返し単位としては、例えば、先に樹脂Pの項で説明したラクトン構造を有する繰り返し単位と同様の繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
Z1で表されるハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、及びヨウ素原子が挙げられ、なかでもフッ素原子が好ましい。
Z1で表されるアルキル基としては、炭素数1~12のアルキル基が挙げられる。上記アルキル基は、直鎖状及び分岐鎖状のいずれであってもよい。上記アルキル基の炭素数は、1~6が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。上記シクロアルキル基の炭素数は3~20が好ましく、5~15がより好ましい。
L1で表される(n+1)価の連結基としては特に制限されず、例えば、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい炭素数1~20の2価以上の脂肪族炭化水素基が挙げられる。
上記ヘテロ原子としては、例えば、窒素原子、酸素原子、及び硫黄原子が挙げられる。ヘテロ原子は、例えば、-O-、-S-、-SO2-、-NRA-、-CO-、又はこれらを2種以上組み合わせた連結基の形態で含まれていてもよい。なお、上記RAは、水素原子又は炭素数1~20のアルキル基を表す。
ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい炭素数1~20の2価以上の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい炭素数1~20の直鎖状、又は分岐鎖状アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基が挙げられ、炭素数1~10の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキレン基が好ましい。
電子求引性基としては特に制限されず、例えば、少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換された炭素数1~10のアルキル基(直鎖状及び分岐鎖状のいずれであってもよい。)又はシクロアルキル基が挙げられ、具体的には、-CF3、-CF2CF3、-CH2CF3、-CHFCF3、及び-CH(CF3)2等が挙げられる。膜厚均一性がより優れる点で、なかでも、電子求引性基としては、-CH(CF3)2が好ましい。
nは、1以上であれば特に制限されず、その上限値は、例えば10である。
なお、nが2以上である場合、複数のX1は、互いに同一であっても、異なっていてもよい。
また、疎水性樹脂がケイ素原子を含む繰り返し単位を含む場合、その含有量は、疎水性樹脂中の全繰り返し単位に対して、10~100モル%が好ましく、20~100モル%がより好ましい。
上記一般式(7)で表される繰り返し単位以外のその他の繰り返し単位としては、上記(y)から選ばれる基を含み、且つ、上述した疎水性基を含む繰り返し単位(言い換えると、上述したアルカリ現像液の作用により分解してアルカリ現像液に対する溶解度が増大する基を有する繰り返し単位であって、且つ、上述した疎水性基を含む繰り返し単位)が好ましく、上記(y)から選ばれる基を含み、且つ、炭素数が6以上の直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基、炭素数が9以上のアリール基、炭素数が10以上のアラルキル基、少なくとも1個の炭素数3以上の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基で置換されたアリール基、及び少なくとも1個の炭素数5以上のシクロアルキル基で置換されたアリール基からなる群より選択される1つ以上の基を含む繰り返し単位であることが好ましい。
なお、上記一般式(7)で表される繰り返し単位以外のその他の繰り返し単位としては、フッ素原子を含まないことが好ましい。
疎水性樹脂が、一般式(7)で表される繰り返し単位と、一般式(7)で表される繰り返し単位以外のその他の繰り返し単位を含む場合、上記一般式(7)で表される繰り返し単位の含有量は、疎水性樹脂の全繰り返し単位に対して、95モル%以下が好ましく、90モル%以下がより好ましく、85モル%以下が更に好ましい。なお、下限は特に制限されず、例えば10モル%以上であり、30モル%以上がより好ましい。
表面エネルギーが異なる2種以上の疎水性樹脂を混合して使用するのも、液浸露光における液浸液追随性と現像特性の両立の観点から好ましい。
本発明の組成物が疎水性樹脂を含有する場合、本発明の組成物中の疎水性樹脂の含有量(複数含まれる場合、その合計含有量)は、本発明の組成物中の全固形分に対し、0.1~12.0質量%が好ましく、0.2~10.0質量%がより好ましく、0.3~10.0質量%がより好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、溶剤を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の組成物においては、公知のレジスト溶剤を適宜使用できる。例えば、米国特許出願公開2016/0070167A1号明細書の段落[0665]~[0670]、米国特許出願公開2015/0004544A1号明細書の段落[0210]~[0235]、米国特許出願公開2016/0237190A1号明細書の段落[0424]~[0426]、及び米国特許出願公開2016/0274458A1号明細書の段落[0357]~[0366]に開示された公知の溶剤を好適に使用できる。
組成物を調製する際に使用できる溶剤としては、例えば、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルカルボキシレート、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、乳酸アルキルエステル、アルコキシプロピオン酸アルキル、環状ラクトン(好ましくは炭素数4~10)、環を有してもよいモノケトン化合物(好ましくは炭素数4~10)、アルキレンカーボネート、アルコキシ酢酸アルキル、及びピルビン酸アルキル等の有機溶剤が挙げられる。
水酸基を有する溶剤、及び水酸基を有さない溶剤としては、前述の例示化合物を適宜選択できるが、水酸基を含む溶剤としては、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル又は乳酸アルキル等が好ましく、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル(PGEE)、2-ヒドロキシイソ酪酸メチル、又は乳酸エチルがより好ましい。また、水酸基を有さない溶剤としては、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルアセテート、アルキルアルコキシプロピオネート、環を有していてもよいモノケトン化合物、環状ラクトン、又は酢酸アルキル等が好ましく、これらの中でも、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)、エチルエトキシプロピオネート、2-ヘプタノン、γ-ブチロラクトン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、又は酢酸ブチルがより好ましく、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、γ-ブチロラクトン、エチルエトキシプロピオネート、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、又は2-ヘプタノンが更に好ましい。水酸基を有さない溶剤としては、プロピレンカーボネートも好ましい。
水酸基を有する溶剤と水酸基を有さない溶剤との混合比(質量比)は、1/99~99/1が好ましく、10/90~90/10がより好ましく、20/80~60/40が更に好ましい。水酸基を有さない溶剤を50質量%以上含む混合溶剤が、塗布均一性の点で好ましい。
溶剤は、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートを含むことが好ましい。この場合、溶剤は、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート単独溶剤でもよいし、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートを含む2種類以上の混合溶剤でもよい。
組成物中の固形分濃度を適切な範囲に設定して適度な粘度をもたせ、塗布性又は製膜性を向上させて、本発明の組成物からなるレジスト膜(感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜)の膜厚を調整できる。
本発明の組成物は、界面活性剤を含んでもよい。
界面活性剤は、フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤(具体的には、フッ素系界面活性剤、シリコン系界面活性剤、又はフッ素原子とケイ素原子との両方を有する界面活性剤)が好ましい。
フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤として、米国特許出願公開第2008/0248425号明細書の段落[0276]に記載の界面活性剤が挙げられる。
また、米国特許出願公開第2008/0248425号明細書の段落[0280]に記載の、フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤以外の他の界面活性剤を使用してもよい。
本発明の組成物が界面活性剤を含有する場合、界面活性剤の含有量(複数含まれる場合、その合計含有量)は、組成物の全固形分に対して、0.0001~2質量%が好ましく、0.0005~1質量%がより好ましい。
一方、界面活性剤の含有量が、組成物の全固形分に対して10質量ppm(parts per million)以上とすれば、疎水性樹脂の表面偏在性が上がる。それにより、レジスト膜の表面をより疎水的にでき、液浸露光時の水追随性が向上する。
本発明の組成物は、更に、上述した以外の樹脂、架橋剤、酸増殖剤、染料、可塑剤、光増感剤、光吸収剤、アルカリ可溶性樹脂、溶解阻止剤、又は溶解促進剤等を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の組成物は、上記の成分を所定の有機溶剤(好ましくは上記混合溶剤)に溶解し、これをフィルター濾過した後、所定の支持体(基板)上に塗布して用いることが好ましい。
フィルター濾過に用いるフィルターのポアサイズは0.1μm以下が好ましく、0.05μm以下がより好ましく、0.03μm以下が更に好ましい。また、組成物の固形分濃度が高い場合(例えば、25質量%以上)は、フィルター濾過に用いるフィルターのポアサイズは3μm以下が好ましく、0.5μm以下がより好ましく、0.3μm以下が更に好ましい。このフィルターは、ポリテトラフロロエチレン製、ポリエチレン製、又はナイロン製のフィルターが好ましい。フィルター濾過においては、例えば日本国特許出願公開第2002-62667号明細書(特開2002-62667)に開示されるように、循環的な濾過を行ってもよく、複数種類のフィルターを直列又は並列に接続して濾過を行ってもよい。また、組成物を複数回濾過してもよい。更に、フィルター濾過の前後で、組成物に対して脱気処理等を行ってもよい。
本発明の組成物は、活性光線又は放射線の照射により反応して性質が変化する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に関する。更に詳しくは、本発明の組成物は、IC(Integrated Circuit)等の半導体製造工程、液晶若しくはサーマルヘッド等の回路基板の製造、インプリント用モールド構造体の作製、その他のフォトファブリケーション工程、又は平版印刷版、若しくは酸硬化性組成物の製造に使用される感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に関する。本発明において形成されるパターンは、エッチング工程、イオンインプランテーション工程、バンプ電極形成工程、再配線形成工程、及びMEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)等において使用できる。
本発明は上記感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いたパターン形成方法にも関する。以下、本発明のパターン形成方法について説明する。また、パターン形成方法の説明と併せて、本発明のレジスト膜(感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜)についても説明する。
(i)上述した感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いてレジスト膜(感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜)を支持体上に形成する工程(レジスト膜形成工程(成膜工程))、
(ii)上記レジスト膜を露光する(活性光線又は放射線を照射する)工程(露光工程)、及び、
(iii)上記露光されたレジスト膜を、現像液を用いて現像する工程(現像工程)、を有する。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、(ii)露光工程における露光方法が、液浸露光であってもよい。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、(ii)露光工程の前に、(iv)前加熱(PB:PreBake)工程を含むことが好ましい。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、(ii)露光工程の後、かつ、(iii)現像工程の前に、(v)露光後加熱(PEB:Post Exposure Bake)工程を含むことが好ましい。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、(ii)露光工程を、複数回含んでいてもよい。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、(iv)前加熱工程を、複数回含んでいてもよい。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、(v)露光後加熱工程を、複数回含んでいてもよい。
また、必要に応じて、レジスト膜と支持体との間にレジスト下層膜(例えば、SOG(Spin On Glass)、SOC(Spin On Carbon)、及び、反射防止膜)を形成してもよい。レジスト下層膜を構成する材料としては、公知の有機系又は無機系の材料を適宜使用できる。
レジスト膜の上層に、保護膜(トップコート)を形成してもよい。保護膜としては、公知の材料を適宜使用できる。例えば、米国特許出願公開第2007/0178407号明細書、米国特許出願公開第2008/0085466号明細書、米国特許出願公開第2007/0275326号明細書、米国特許出願公開第2016/0299432号明細書、米国特許出願公開第2013/0244438号明細書、国際特許出願公開第2016/157988A号明細書に開示された保護膜形成用組成物を好適に使用できる。保護膜形成用組成物としては、上述した酸拡散制御剤を含むことが好ましい。
上述した疎水性樹脂を含むレジスト膜の上層に保護膜を形成してもよい。
加熱時間は、(iv)前加熱工程及び(v)露光後加熱工程のいずれにおいても、30~300秒が好ましく、30~180秒がより好ましく、30~90秒が更に好ましい。
加熱は、露光装置及び現像装置に備わっている手段で行え、ホットプレート等を用いて行ってもよい。
更に、上記アルカリ現像液は、アルコール類、及び/又は界面活性剤を適当量含んでいてもよい。アルカリ現像液のアルカリ濃度は、通常0.1~20質量%である。アルカリ現像液のpHは、通常10~15である。
アルカリ現像液を用いて現像を行う時間は、通常10~300秒である。
アルカリ現像液のアルカリ濃度、pH、及び現像時間は、形成するパターンに応じて、適宜調整できる。
有機系現像液に対する有機溶剤の含有量は、現像液の全量に対して、50~100質量%が好ましく、80~100質量%がより好ましく、90~100質量%が更に好ましく、95~100質量%が特に好ましい。
炭化水素系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、アミド系溶剤、及びエーテル系溶剤の具体例としては、有機溶剤を含む現像液において説明した溶剤と同様の溶剤が挙げられる。
この場合のリンス工程に用いるリンス液としては、1価アルコールを含むリンス液がより好ましい。
1価アルコールは炭素数5以上であるのも好ましく、このような例としては、1-ヘキサノール、2-ヘキサノール、4-メチル-2-ペンタノール、1-ペンタノール、3-メチル-1-ブタノール、及びメチルイソブチルカルビノール等が挙げられる。
有機溶剤を含む現像液を用いた現像工程の後のリンス工程に用いるリンス液中の含水率は、10質量%以下が好ましく、5質量%以下がより好ましく、3質量%以下が更に好ましい。含水率を10質量%以下とすれば、良好な現像特性が得られる。
有機溶剤を含む現像液を用いた現像工程の後のリンス液は、界面活性剤を適当量含んでいてもよい。
フィルター濾過のほか、吸着材を用いて不純物の除去を行ってもよく、フィルター濾過と吸着材を組み合わせて使用してもよい。吸着材としては、公知の吸着材を使用でき、例えば、シリカゲル若しくはゼオライト等の無機系吸着材、又は活性炭等の有機系吸着材を使用できる。金属吸着材としては、例えば、日本国特許出願公開第2016-206500号明細書(特開2016-206500)に開示される材料が挙げられる。
また、上記各種材料に含まれる金属等の不純物を低減する方法としては、各種材料を構成する原料として金属含有量が少ない原料を選択する、各種材料を構成する原料に対してフィルター濾過を行う、又は装置内をテフロン(登録商標)でライニングする等してコンタミネーションを可能な限り抑制した条件下で蒸留を行う等の方法が挙げられる。レジスト成分の各種材料(バインダー及び光酸発生剤等)を合成する製造設備の全工程にグラスライニングの処理を施すのも、pptオーダーまでメタルを低減するために好ましい。各種材料を構成する原料に対して行うフィルター濾過における好ましい条件は、上記した条件と同様である。
また、上記の方法によって形成されたパターンは、例えば日本国特許出願公開第1991-270227号明細書(特開平3-270227)、及び米国特許出願公開第2013/0209941号明細書に開示されたスペーサープロセスの芯材(Core)として使用できる。
また、本発明は、上記したパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法にも関する。本発明の電子デバイスの製造方法により製造された電子デバイスは、電気電子機器(例えば、家電、OA(Office Automation)関連機器、メディア関連機器、光学用機器、及び通信機器等)に、好適に搭載される。
その後、飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液を添加し、水溶液をヘキサン/酢酸エチル=2/1(Vol)400mLで3回抽出し、有機層を合わせて硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥、ろ過の後に、ろ液を濃縮することで、粗生成物を28.3g得た。
この粗生成物をシリカゲル450g、展開液:ヘキサン/酢酸エチル=4/1(Vol)でカラム精製することで、目的のモノマーを19.0g(56%収率)で得た。
1H-NMR、400MHz、δ((CDCl3)ppm:0.88(3H、t,7.5Hz)、1.56-1.80(6H,m),2.02(2H,q,7.4Hz),2.10-2.24(2H,m),2.38(1H,t,6.6Hz),4.30(2H,d,6.5Hz),5.73-5,78(1H,m),6.14-6.20(1H,m).
シクロヘキサノン83.40質量部を窒素気流下,80℃に加熱した。この液を攪拌しながら、そこに下記構造式D-1で表されるモノマー22.22質量部、下記構造式E-1で表されるモノマー19.83質量部、シクロヘキサノン154.88質量部、及び、2,2’-アゾビスイソ酪酸ジメチル〔V-601,和光純薬工業(株)製〕2.76質量部の混合溶液を6時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、80℃で更に2時間攪拌した。反応液を放冷後、多量のヘプタン/酢酸エチル(質量比7:3)で再沈殿、ろ過し、得られた固体を真空乾燥することで酸分解性樹脂である樹脂A-1を30.70質量部得た。
なお、合成例1~2と同様の操作を行うことで、酸分解性樹脂である後掲の樹脂A-2~A-21を合成した。
使用した酸分解性樹脂(A-1~A-21、B-1及びB-2)の構造を以下に示す。
なお、樹脂の重量平均分子量(Mw)、数平均分子量(Mn)、及び分散度(Mw/Mn)は前述のとおりGPC(キャリア:テトラヒドロフラン(THF))により測定した(ポリスチレン換算量である)。また、樹脂の組成比(モル%比)は、13C-NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)により測定した。
使用した光酸発生剤(PAG-1~PAG-15)の構造を以下に示す。
使用した酸拡散制御剤(N-1~N-7)の構造を以下に示す。
使用した疎水性樹脂(1b、2b)の構造を以下に示す。
なお、樹脂の重量平均分子量、数平均分子量、及び分散度は前述のとおりGPC(キャリア:テトラヒドロフラン(THF))により測定した(ポリスチレン換算量である)。また、樹脂の組成比(モル%比)は、13C-NMRにより測定した。
使用した界面活性剤を以下に示す。
W-1:PolyFox PF-6320(OMNOVA Solutions Inc.製;フッ素系)
使用した溶剤を以下に示す。
SL-1:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)
SL-2:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)
SL-3:シクロヘキサノン
SL-4:γ-ブチロラクトン
表3及び4に示した各成分を表3及び4に示した含有量となるように添加し、固形分濃度が3質量%となるように混合した。次いで、得られた混合液を孔径0.03μmのポリエチレン製フィルターで濾過することにより、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物(レジスト組成物)を調製した。なお、固形分とは、溶剤以外の全ての成分を意味する。
-ArF液浸露光:ポジ型パターンの形成-
シリコンウエハ上に有機反射防止膜形成用組成物ARC29SR(Brewer Science社製)を塗布し、205℃で60秒間ベークを行い、膜厚95nmの反射防止膜を形成した。得られた反射防止膜上に表3に示すレジスト組成物を塗布し、100℃で60秒間に亘ってベーク(PB:Prebake)を行い、膜厚85nmのレジスト膜を形成した。
得られたウエハをArFエキシマレーザー液浸スキャナー(ASML社製;XT1700i、NA1.20、C-Quad、アウターシグマ0.900、インナーシグマ0.812、XY偏向)を用い、線幅44nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースパターンの6%ハーフトーンマスクを通して露光した。液浸液としては超純水を用いた。その後、100℃で60秒間加熱(PEB:Post Exposure Bake)した。次いで、2.38質量%テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド(TMAH)水溶液で30秒間パドルして現像し、4000rpmの回転数で30秒間ウエハを回転させることにより、線幅44nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースのパターンを形成した。
線幅が44nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースのマスクパターンを再現する最適露光量を感度(Eopt)(mJ/cm2)とした。
求めた最適露光量(Eopt)を基準とし、次いでラインの線幅が目的の値である44nmの±10%の幅(すなわち、39.6nm及び48.4nm)となる露光量を求めた。
得られた露光量の値を用いて、次式で定義される露光ラチチュード(EL)を算出した。
EL(%)=[〔(ラインの線幅が48.4nmとなる露光量)-(ラインの線幅が39.6nmとなる露光量)〕/Eopt]×100
ELの値が大きいほど、露光量変化による線幅の変化が小さく、レジスト膜のEL性能が良好であることを示す。
得られた線幅44nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースパターンについて、測長走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM(株)日立製作所S-9380II)にてパターン上部から観察し、ラインパターンの長手方向のエッジ2μmの範囲について、線幅を50ポイント測定し、その測定ばらつきについて標準偏差を求め、3σを算出した。値が小さいほど良好な性能であることを示す。
シリコンウエハ上に有機反射防止膜ARC29SR(Brewer Science社製)を塗布し、205℃で60秒間ベークを行い膜厚98nmの反射防止膜を形成し、その上に、下記表4に示すレジスト組成物を塗布し、100℃で60秒間に亘ってベークを行い、膜厚90nmのレジスト膜を形成した。
ArFエキシマレーザー液浸スキャナー(ASML社製;XT1700i、NA1.20、C-Quad、アウターシグマ0.98、インナーシグマ0.89、XY偏向)を用い、X方向がマスクサイズ45nm、ピッチ90nm、Y方向がマスクサイズ60nm、ピッチ120nmのパターン形成用のマスクパターン(6%ハーフトーン)を介して露光した。液浸液としては超純水を使用した。表中の100℃で60秒間加熱した後、有機現像液である酢酸ブチルで30秒間現像し、スピン乾燥してレジストパターン(ホールパターン)を得た。
測長走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM(株)日立製作所S-9380II)によりホールサイズを観察し、X方向のホールサイズが平均45nmのホールパターンを解像する時の最適露光量を感度(Eopt)(mJ/cm2)とした。求めた最適露光量(Eopt)を基準とし、次いでホールサイズが目的の値である45nmの±10%(すなわち、40.5nm及び49.5nm)となるときの露光量を求めた。そして、次式で定義される露光ラチチュード(EL)を算出した。ELの値が大きいほど、露光量変化による性能変化が小さく、良好である。
[EL(%)]=[(ホールサイズが40.5nmとなる露光量)-(ホールサイズが49.5nmとなる露光量)]/Eopt×100
最適露光量で露光された1ショット内において、互いの間隔が1μmの20箇所の領域において、各領域ごとに任意の25個(すなわち、計500個)のX方向のホールサイズを測定し、これらの標準偏差を求め、3σを算出した。値が小さいほど寸法のばらつきが小さく、良好な性能であることを示す。
表5に示した各成分を表5に示した含有量となるように用いて溶剤に溶解させ、固形分濃度1.6質量%の溶液を調製した。次いで、得られた溶液を0.03μmのポアサイズを有するポリエチレンフィルターで濾過することで、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物(レジスト組成物)を調製した。
-EUV露光:ネガ型パターン又はポジ型パターンの形成-
AL412(Brewer Science社製)を下層膜として形成したシリコンウエハ上に表5に示すレジスト組成物を塗布し、100℃で60秒間に亘ってベーク(PB:Prebake)を行い、膜厚30nmのレジスト膜を形成した。
EUV露光装置(Exitech社製、Micro Exposure Tool、NA0.3、Quadrupol、アウターシグマ0.68、インナーシグマ0.36)を用いて、得られたレジスト膜を有するシリコンウエハに対してパターン照射を行った。なお、レクチルとしては、ラインサイズ=20nmであり、且つ、ライン:スペース=1:1であるマスクを用いた。
その後、105℃で60秒間加熱(PEB:Post Exposure Bake)した。次いで、ネガ型現像液(酢酸ブチル)又はポジ型現像液(2.38質量%テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド(TMAH)水溶液)で30秒間パドルして現像し、ネガ型リンス液(FIRM Extreme 10(AZEM製))又はポジ型リンス液(純水)でリンスした。その後4000rpmの回転数で30秒間ウエハを回転させることにより、線幅20nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースのパターンを形成した。
測長走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM:Scanning Electron Microscope(日立ハイテクノロジー社製 CG-4100))により線幅が20nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースのマスクパターンを再現する露光量を求め、これを最適露光量Eoptとした。
次いでラインの線幅が目的の値である20nmの±10%の幅(つまり、18nmおよび22nm)となる露光量を求めた。
得られた露光量の値を用いて、次式で定義される露光ラチチュード(EL)を算出した。
ELの値が大きいほど、露光量変化による線幅の変化が小さく、レジスト膜のEL性能が良好であることを示す。
EL(%)=[〔(ラインの線幅が22nmとなる露光量)-(ラインの線幅が18nmとなる露光量)〕/Eopt]×100
感度評価における最適露光量にて解像したラインアンドスペースのレジストパターンの観測において、測長走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM:Scanning Electron Microscope(日立ハイテクノロジー社製 CG-4100))にてパターン上部から観察する際、パターンの中心からエッジまでの距離を任意のポイントで観測し、その測定ばらつきを3σで評価した。値が小さいほど良好な性能であることを示す。
本出願は、2018年12月21日出願の日本特許出願(特願2018-239960)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (16)
- 前記pKaが-1.40以上の酸がスルホン酸である請求項1に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記pKaが-1.40以上の酸が、下記一般式(Aw-1)、(Aw-2)及び(I)~(V)のいずれかで表されるスルホン酸である、請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
一般式(Aw-1)中、R11Wは、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。R12Wは、1価の有機基を表す。Rf1Wは、水素原子、フッ素原子、又は1価の有機基を表す。
一般式(Aw-2)中、R21W、R22W、及びR23Wは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、又は1価の有機基を表す。R24Wは、1価の有機基を表す。Rf2Wは、フッ素原子、又はフッ素原子を含む1価の有機基を表す。
一般式(I)中、R11及びR12は、各々独立して、1価の有機基を表す。R13は、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。L1は、-CO-O-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-O-CO-、-S-CO-又は-CO-S-で表される基を表す。R11、R12及びR13から選ばれる2つは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
一般式(II)中、R21及びR22は、各々独立して、1価の有機基を表す。R23は、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。L2は、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-O-CO-、-S-CO-又は-CO-S-で表される基を表す。R21、R22及びR23から選ばれる2つは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
一般式(III)中、R31及びR33は、各々独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。R31とR33とは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
一般式(IV)中、R41及びR43は、各々独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。R41とR43とは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
一般式(V)中、R51、R52及びR53は、各々独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。R51、R52及びR53から選ばれる2つは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。 - 前記pKaが-1.40以上の酸がアルキルスルホン酸であり、
前記アルキルスルホン酸は、
フッ素原子を含まないアルキルスルホン酸であるか、又は、
スルホン酸基のα位の炭素原子にフッ素原子若しくはフルオロアルキル基が結合しており、かつ、前記スルホン酸基のα位の炭素原子に結合したフッ素原子の数と、前記スルホン酸基のα位の炭素原子に結合したフルオロアルキル基の数の総和が1である、アルキルスルホン酸である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。 - 前記一般式(P1)におけるLp-Rpで表される基が、酸分解性基を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(P1)におけるLp-Rpで表される基が、極性基を含み、
前記極性基が、エステル基、スルホネート基、スルホンアミド基、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、カーボネート基、カーバメート基、水酸基、スルホキシド基、スルホニル基、ケトン基、イミド基、アミド基、スルホンイミド基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、及びエーテル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの基である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。 - 前記Lpが、-CO-O-、-CO-、-NRL1-、2価の芳香族基、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。ただし、RL1は水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。
- 前記Mpが、単結合又は炭素数1~5のアルキレン基を表す請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記Rpが、下記一般式(RP-1)又は(RP-2)で表される請求項9に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
一般式(RP-1)中、
Rp1~Rp3は、各々独立にアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、又はアリール基を表す。
Rp1~Rp3のいずれか2つが結合して環構造を形成しても良い。
*は前記Rpが結合する酸素原子との結合部位を表す。
一般式(RP-2)中、
Rp4及びRp5は、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
Rp6は、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
Rp4~Rp6のいずれか2つが結合して環構造を形成しても良い。
*は前記Rpが結合する酸素原子との結合部位を表す。 - 前記樹脂Pが、前記一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位とは別の繰り返し単位であって、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位K1を更に含む、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記樹脂Pが、前記一般式(P1)で表される繰り返し単位とは別の繰り返し単位であって、極性基を有する繰り返し単位K2を更に含む、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 塩基性化合物(DA)、活性光線又は放射線の照射により塩基性が低下又は消失する塩基性化合物(DB)、前記光酸発生剤Awから発生する酸よりもpKaが1.00以上大きい酸を発生する化合物(DC)、窒素原子を有し、酸の作用により脱離する基を有する化合物(DD)、及びカチオン部に窒素原子を有するオニウム塩化合物(DE)の少なくとも1つを更に含有する請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて形成されたレジスト膜。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いたパターン形成方法。
- 請求項15に記載のパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。
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