WO2020125813A1 - 一种玻璃纤维织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种玻璃纤维织物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020125813A1
WO2020125813A1 PCT/CN2020/074835 CN2020074835W WO2020125813A1 WO 2020125813 A1 WO2020125813 A1 WO 2020125813A1 CN 2020074835 W CN2020074835 W CN 2020074835W WO 2020125813 A1 WO2020125813 A1 WO 2020125813A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass fiber
fiber fabric
fabric
warp
yarn
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PCT/CN2020/074835
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘劲松
付家鹏
黄欣
赵子豪
韩进华
郭仁贤
朱斌
秦向荣
张扬
祖群
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中材科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020125813A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020125813A1/zh

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
    • D06B3/02—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fibres, slivers or rovings

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of glass fiber, in particular to a glass fiber fabric and a preparation method thereof.
  • Glass fiber is an excellent inorganic non-metallic material. It has the advantages of easy availability of raw materials, high strength, high modulus, corrosion resistance, and good insulation. It is commonly used in the fields of reinforced composite materials, electrical insulation materials, thermal insulation materials, etc. .
  • glass fibers can usually be produced by ore raw materials through high-temperature melting, drawing, yarn withdrawal, and yarn process.
  • glass infiltrant is a special surface treatment used for coating glass fibers on the surface of glass fibers during the drawing process
  • the agent which has the functions of lubricating, protecting glass fibers, and promoting the bonding and bundling of glass fibers, is one of the key factors that affect whether the glass fibers can meet the subsequent processing requirements and the performance of the glass fibers.
  • glass infiltrant can be divided into reinforced infiltrant and textile infiltrant.
  • the glass fiber reinforced yarn obtained by coating with a reinforcing infiltrant can be directly used to make reinforced glass fiber products such as thermosetting plastics, thermoplastics, rubber, and elastomers; Glass fiber textile yarn can be used in the textile industry to make fiber fabrics.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present application lies in overcoming the drawbacks of the cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive detection method of the warp and weft displacement skew of the glass fiber fabric in the prior art, thereby providing a glass fiber fabric and a preparation method thereof.
  • the present application provides a glass fiber fabric, which includes primary color glass fibers as warp yarns or weft yarns and a fabric tracer incorporated in the primary color glass fibers.
  • the fabric tracer includes colored glass fibers.
  • the distance between adjacent fabric tracers is 100-300mm.
  • One said fabric tracer is composed of at least one said colored glass fiber.
  • the density of the warp threads is 5-50 threads/cm, and the density of the weft threads is 5-50 threads/cm.
  • the colored glass fiber is blended into primary color glass fiber as warp and/or weft, and warped, reeded, and woven.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing a glass fiber fabric.
  • Color glass fibers are blended into primary color glass fibers as warp and/or weft threads, and warped, threaded, and woven to obtain a glass fiber fabric.
  • the colored glass fiber may be, but not limited to, one of red glass fiber, silver-white glass fiber, indigo glass fiber, and basalt glass yarn.
  • the preparation method of the colored glass fiber includes the following steps:
  • the silane coupling agent is hydrolyzed to obtain a coupling agent hydrolysate, and the gelatinized starch slurry, coupling agent hydrolysate, emulsion, and lubricant solution are mixed, Add inorganic coloring matter, and then perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to prepare an infiltrant;
  • the glass fiber raw material is drawn to obtain a colored glass fiber raw yarn, and then the colored glass fiber is obtained through a yarn withdrawal and yarn spinning process;
  • the mass ratio of starch to soft water is (2-6.5): (72-85.5).
  • the temperature is 55-65°C
  • the dispersion frequency is 30-50kHz
  • the dispersion time is 30-60min.
  • the temperature of the infiltrant is controlled to 55-65°C.
  • the density of the warp threads is 5-50 threads/cm
  • the density of the weft threads is 5-50 threads/cm
  • the spacing of the fabric tracers is 100-300 mm.
  • the heat treatment includes a first smoldering stage and a second smoldering stage, wherein,
  • the first smoldering stage is to raise the temperature of the woven glass fiber fabric to 300°C-400°C, and then to keep it warm for 5-7 hours;
  • the second smoldering stage is to continue to heat up to 350-420°C, followed by heat preservation for 8-10 hours.
  • the inorganic coloring substance may be and is not limited to at least one of red, silver white, and indigo inorganic pigments.
  • step (1) the mass ratio of the starch, vegetable oil, emulsifier, lubricant, inorganic coloring substance and coupling agent is (2-6.5): (1-2): (0.1-0.3): (0.1 -0.5): (0.5-5): (0-0.8).
  • the glass fiber fabric provided in this application innovatively incorporates colored glass fiber as a fabric tracer into the primary color glass fiber as a warp or weft, and is used to perform trace detection on the fabric.
  • the colored glass fiber yarn is used as a reference. The operator can easily and conveniently check whether the warp or weft of the fabric is skewed and the degree of skew, and significantly reduce the number of inspections, save labor costs, improve the accuracy of fabric inspection, reduce the rate of waste, and also facilitate the positioning of the fabric cutting and cutting , Significantly reduce the skew degree of warp and weft yarns, and also provide a baseline for subsequent processing.
  • the glass fiber fabric provided in this application is coated on the surface of the glass fiber by using an infiltrant prepared by compounding starch, vegetable oil, emulsifier, lubricant and inorganic coloring material, after the color glass fiber is prepared, the color glass fiber is blended
  • the glass fiber fabric is prepared by adding the primary color glass fiber, and the gelatinization degree of the starch slurry during the preparation of the infiltrant is controlled to be 60%-90%.
  • the vegetable oil and emulsifier are mixed with the lubricant and soft water to prepare the emulsion and Lubricant solution, then mix the starch slurry, emulsion and lubricant solution, and then add the inorganic coloring material.
  • the prepared glass fiber has good performance, and the color is firm, not easy to discolor , Staining, color fastness to washing and rubbing color fastness tests showed that the color fastness is not less than 3, and after heat treatment of the fabric made of glass fiber, the appearance is basically unchanged, no yellowing, brown stripes, In case of discoloration, etc., and there are few wool yarns, the fabric condition is good.
  • the glass fiber fabric provided by this application by controlling the mass ratio of starch to soft water to (2-6.5): (72-85.5), the color fastness of the colored glass fiber can be further improved, by controlling the ultrasonic dispersion treatment
  • the temperature in is 55-65°C
  • the dispersion frequency is 30-50kHz
  • the dispersion time is 30-60min. It improves the dispersion uniformity of inorganic coloring substances, makes it better blend with emulsifiers and lubricants, and further improves the color glass fiber. Color fastness and color uniformity.
  • the glass fiber fabric provided in this application is subjected to heat insulation treatment in two stages of temperature increase, and the temperature increase process is carried out at a constant speed, which is beneficial to the slow removal of other infiltrant components other than inorganic coloring substances on the surface of the glass fiber fabric. Moreover, the uniform distribution of inorganic coloring substances on the glass fiber fabric is well preserved, which is beneficial to further improve the color fastness and color uniformity of the glass fiber surface, so that the appearance of the prepared glass fiber fabric has almost no change in the heat treatment process, the color Even and firm.
  • the density of the warp threads is 5-50 threads/cm
  • the density of the weft threads is 5-50 threads/cm.
  • the density of warp threads and weft threads and the color fabric display can be adjusted according to the design requirements
  • the number and distribution of tracers can be but not limited to the production of traditional eight three-fly satin fabrics, which is also conducive to the formation of subsequent composite material patterns, and the spacing of the fabric tracers is controlled to 100-300mm
  • the colored glass fiber yarn can better play the role of reference and tracer, and maximize the accuracy of identification.
  • the preparation method of the infiltrant includes the following steps:
  • the preparation method of colored glass fiber is: taking the infiltrant prepared by the above method as a coating agent, adding the glass fiber raw material to the wire drawing equipment, controlling the temperature of the infiltrant to 60°C, and drawing with a belt applicator, The colored glass fiber raw yarn is prepared, and then subjected to yarn unwinding and yarn merging processes in order to prepare colored glass fiber.
  • the preparation method of glass fiber fabric includes the following steps:
  • Warping, threading and weaving using the colored glass fibers prepared above as a fabric tracer, incorporating the above colored glass fibers into the warp yarns, and then winding the warp yarns in parallel on the warp beam, through the warping Machine to warp it; then put the warp yarn wound on the warp beam on the steel reed; then weave the warp yarn and weft yarn through the air-jet loom, cut and cut along the colored yarn after weaving to obtain Glass fiber fabric, in which the warp yarn and the weft yarn are both primary color glass fibers (specification: EC6-68x1 Z28), the density of the warp yarn is controlled to 22 yarns/cm, the density of the weft yarn is 21.6 yarns/cm, and the pitch of the colored glass fibers is 203.2mm .
  • the warp yarn and the weft yarn are both primary color glass fibers (specification: EC6-68x1 Z28)
  • the density of the warp yarn is controlled to 22 yarns/cm
  • the thickness of the obtained fabric is 0.229 ⁇ 0.02mm, the surface weight is 305 ⁇ 10g/m 2 , and the tensile strength of the fabric is greater than 800N/25mm.
  • the preparation method of the infiltrant includes the following steps:
  • the preparation method of colored glass fiber is: taking the infiltrant prepared by the above method as a coating agent, adding the glass fiber raw material to the wire drawing equipment, controlling the temperature of the infiltrant to 65°C, and drawing with a belt applicator, The colored glass fiber raw yarn is prepared, and then subjected to yarn unwinding and yarn merging processes in order to prepare colored glass fiber.
  • the preparation method of glass fiber fabric includes the following steps:
  • Warping, threading and weaving using the colored glass fibers prepared above as a fabric tracer, incorporating the above colored glass fibers into the warp yarns, and then winding the warp yarns in parallel on the warp beam, through the warping Machine to warp it; then put the warp yarn wound on the warp beam on the steel reed; then weave the warp yarn and weft yarn through the air-jet loom, cut and cut along the colored yarn after weaving to obtain Glass fiber fabric, in which the warp yarn and the weft yarn are primary color glass fibers (specification: EC6-68x1 Z28), the density of the warp yarn is controlled to 10 pieces/cm, the density of the weft yarn is 30 pieces/cm, and the spacing of the colored glass fibers is 100mm.
  • the warp yarn and the weft yarn are primary color glass fibers (specification: EC6-68x1 Z28)
  • the density of the warp yarn is controlled to 10 pieces/cm
  • the density of the weft yarn is
  • the thickness of the obtained fabric is 0.224 ⁇ 0.02mm, the surface weight is 300 ⁇ 10g/m 2 , and the tensile strength of the fabric is greater than 800N/25mm.
  • the preparation method of the infiltrant includes the following steps:
  • the preparation method of colored glass fiber is: taking the infiltrant prepared by the above method as a coating agent, adding the glass fiber raw material to the wire drawing equipment, controlling the temperature of the infiltrant to 55°C, and drawing with a belt applicator, The colored glass fiber raw yarn is prepared, and then subjected to yarn unwinding and yarn merging processes in order to prepare colored glass fiber.
  • the preparation method of glass fiber fabric includes the following steps:
  • Warping, threading and weaving using the colored glass fibers prepared above as a fabric tracer, incorporating the above colored glass fibers into the warp yarns, and then winding the warp yarns in parallel on the warp beam, through the warping Machine to warp it; then put the warp yarn wound on the warp beam on the steel reed; then weave the warp yarn and weft yarn through the air-jet loom, cut and cut along the colored yarn after weaving to obtain Glass fiber fabric, in which the warp yarn and the weft yarn are primary color glass fibers (specification: EC6-68x1 Z28), the density of the warp yarn is controlled to 30 pieces/cm, the density of the weft yarn is 10 pieces/cm, and the spacing of the colored glass fibers is 300mm.
  • the warp yarn and the weft yarn are primary color glass fibers (specification: EC6-68x1 Z28)
  • the density of the warp yarn is controlled to 30 pieces/cm
  • the density of the weft yarn is
  • the thickness of the obtained fabric is 0.240 ⁇ 0.03mm, the surface weight is 305 ⁇ 9g/m 2 , and the tensile strength of the fabric is greater than 820N/25mm.
  • the preparation method of the infiltrant includes the following steps:
  • the preparation method of colored glass fiber is: taking the infiltrant prepared by the above method as a coating agent, adding the glass fiber raw material to the wire drawing equipment, controlling the temperature of the infiltrant to 40°C, and drawing with a belt applicator, The colored glass fiber raw yarn is prepared, and then subjected to yarn unwinding and yarn merging processes in order to prepare colored glass fiber.
  • the preparation method of glass fiber fabric includes the following steps:
  • Warping, threading and weaving using the colored glass fibers prepared above as a fabric tracer, incorporating the above colored glass fibers into the warp yarns, and then winding the warp yarns in parallel on the warp beam, through the warping Machine to warp it; then put the warp yarn wound on the warp beam on the steel reed; then weave the warp yarn and weft yarn through the air-jet loom, cut and cut along the colored yarn after weaving to obtain Glass fiber fabric, in which the warp yarn and the weft yarn are both primary color glass fibers (specification: EC6-68x1 Z28), the density of the warp yarn is controlled to 22 yarns/cm, the density of the weft yarn is 21.6 yarns/cm, and the pitch of the colored glass fibers is 203.2mm .
  • the warp yarn and the weft yarn are both primary color glass fibers (specification: EC6-68x1 Z28)
  • the density of the warp yarn is controlled to 22 yarns/cm
  • the thickness of the obtained fabric is 0.224 ⁇ 0.18mm, the surface weight is 314 ⁇ 11g/m 2 , and the tensile strength of the fabric is greater than 810N/25mm.
  • the preparation method of the infiltrant includes the following steps:
  • the preparation method of colored glass fiber is: taking the infiltrant prepared by the above method as a coating agent, adding the glass fiber raw material to the wire drawing equipment, controlling the temperature of the infiltrant to 60°C, and drawing with a belt applicator, The colored glass fiber raw yarn is prepared, and then subjected to yarn unwinding and yarn merging processes in order to prepare colored glass fiber.
  • the preparation method of glass fiber fabric includes the following steps:
  • Warping, threading and weaving using the colored glass fibers prepared above as a fabric tracer, incorporating the above colored glass fibers into the warp yarns, and then winding the warp yarns in parallel on the warp beam, through the warping Machine to warp it; then put the warp yarn wound on the warp beam on the steel reed; then weave the warp yarn and weft yarn through the air-jet loom, cut and cut along the colored yarn after weaving to obtain Glass fiber fabric, in which the warp yarn and the weft yarn are both primary color glass fibers (specification: EC6-68x1 Z28), the density of the warp yarn is controlled to 22 yarns/cm, the density of the weft yarn is 21.6 yarns/cm, and the pitch of the colored glass fibers is 203.2mm .
  • the warp yarn and the weft yarn are both primary color glass fibers (specification: EC6-68x1 Z28)
  • the density of the warp yarn is controlled to 22 yarns/cm
  • the thickness of the obtained fabric is 0.232 ⁇ 0.19mm, the surface weight is 316 ⁇ 11g/m 2 , and the tensile strength of the fabric is greater than 815N/25mm.
  • the preparation method of the infiltrant includes the following steps:
  • the preparation method of colored glass fiber is: taking the infiltrant prepared by the above method as a coating agent, adding the glass fiber raw material to the wire drawing equipment, controlling the temperature of the infiltrant to 60°C, and drawing with a belt applicator, The colored glass fiber raw yarn is prepared, and then subjected to yarn unwinding and yarn merging processes in order to prepare colored glass fiber.
  • the preparation method of glass fiber fabric includes the following steps:
  • Warping, threading and weaving using the colored glass fibers prepared above as a fabric tracer, incorporating the above colored glass fibers into the warp yarns, and then winding the warp yarns in parallel on the warp beam, through the warping Machine to warp it; then put the warp yarn wound on the warp beam on the steel reed; then weave the warp yarn and weft yarn through an air-jet loom to obtain a glass fiber fabric, in which both the warp yarn and weft yarn are primary glass For fibers (specification: EC6-68x1 Z28), the density of the warp yarns is 22/cm, the density of the weft yarns is 21.6/cm, and the pitch of the colored glass fibers is 203.2mm.
  • the thickness of the obtained fabric is 0.230 ⁇ 0.03mm, the surface weight is 301 ⁇ 10g/m 2 , and the tensile strength of the fabric is greater than 800N/25mm.
  • the preparation method of the infiltrant includes the following steps:
  • the preparation method of colored glass fiber is: taking the infiltrant prepared by the above method as a coating agent, adding the glass fiber raw material to the wire drawing equipment, controlling the temperature of the infiltrant to 60°C, and drawing with a belt applicator, The colored glass fiber raw yarn is prepared, and then subjected to yarn unwinding and yarn merging processes in order to prepare colored glass fiber.
  • the preparation method of glass fiber fabric includes the following steps:
  • Warping, threading reed and weaving the warp yarn is wound on the warp beam in parallel, and it is warped by the warping machine; then the warp yarn wound on the warp beam is threaded on the steel reed, as described above
  • the prepared colored glass fiber is a fabric tracer, the above colored glass fiber is incorporated into the weft yarn, and then the warp yarn and the weft yarn are woven through an air-jet loom to obtain a glass fiber fabric, in which the warp yarn and the weft yarn are primary color glass fibers (Specification: EC9-34x1 x2 S55), control the density of warp yarns to 22/cm, the density of weft yarns to 21/cm, and the spacing of colored glass fibers to be 103.2 ⁇ 30.5mm.
  • the thickness of the obtained fabric is 0.25 ⁇ 0.02mm, the surface weight is 295 ⁇ 10g/m 2 , and the tensile strength of the fabric is greater than 1450N/25mm.
  • the preparation method of the infiltrant includes the following steps:
  • the preparation method of colored glass fiber is: taking the infiltrant prepared by the above method as a coating agent, adding the glass fiber raw material to the wire drawing equipment, controlling the temperature of the infiltrant to 60°C, and drawing with a belt applicator, The colored glass fiber raw yarn is prepared, and then subjected to yarn unwinding and yarn merging processes in order to prepare colored glass fiber.
  • the preparation method of glass fiber fabric includes the following steps:
  • the warp yarns are primary color glass fibers (specifications: EC5-11 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 S180 ), control the density of warp yarns to 40/cm, the density of weft yarns to 41.6/cm, and the pitch of colored glass fibers to 150 ⁇ 25mm.
  • the warp and weft yarns are primary color glass fibers (specifications: EC5-11 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 S180 ), control the density of warp yarns to 40/cm, the density of weft yarns to 41.6/cm, and the pitch of colored glass fibers to 150 ⁇ 25mm.
  • the thickness of the resulting fabric is 0.11 ⁇ 0.02 mm, the surface weight is 106 ⁇ 6 g/m 2 , and the tensile strength of the fabric is greater than 500 N/25 mm.
  • the preparation method of the infiltrant includes the following steps:
  • the preparation method of colored glass fiber is: taking the infiltrant prepared by the above method as a coating agent, adding the glass fiber raw material to the wire drawing equipment, controlling the temperature of the infiltrant to 60°C, and drawing with a belt applicator, The colored glass fiber raw yarn is prepared, and then subjected to yarn unwinding and yarn merging processes in order to prepare colored glass fiber.
  • the preparation method of glass fiber fabric includes the following steps:
  • the warp yarns are primary color glass fibers (specifications: EC5-11 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 S180 ), control the density of warp yarns to 5 pieces/cm, the density of weft yarns to 15 pieces/cm, and the pitch of colored glass fibers to 150 ⁇ 25mm.
  • the warp and weft yarns are primary color glass fibers (specifications: EC5-11 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 S180 ), control the density of warp yarns to 5 pieces/cm, the density of weft yarns to 15 pieces/cm, and the pitch of colored glass fibers to 150 ⁇ 25mm.
  • the thickness of the obtained fabric is 0.12 ⁇ 0.02mm, the surface weight is 110 ⁇ 8g/m2, and the tensile strength of the fabric is greater than 800N/25mm.
  • the preparation method of glass fiber fabric includes the following steps:
  • Warping, threading and weaving using commercially available colored glass fiber as fabric tracer, it will be incorporated into the weft yarn, and then the warp yarn will be wound on the warp beam in parallel, and it will be warped by the warping machine After processing; then the warp yarn wound on the warp beam is put on the steel reed; then the warp yarn and the weft yarn are woven through an air-jet loom to obtain a glass fiber fabric, in which both the warp yarn and the weft yarn are primary color glass fibers (specification: EC6 -68x1 Z28), control the density of warp yarns to 22 yarns/cm, the density of weft yarns to 21.6 yarns/cm, and the pitch of colored glass fibers to 203.2mm.
  • both the warp yarn and the weft yarn are primary color glass fibers (specification: EC6 -68x1 Z28), control the density of warp yarns to 22 yarns/cm, the density of weft yarns to 21.6 yarn
  • the thickness of the obtained fabric is 0.209 ⁇ 0.03mm, the surface weight is 302 ⁇ 13g/m 2 , and the tensile strength of the fabric is greater than 800N/25mm.
  • the preparation method of glass fiber fabric includes the following steps:
  • Warping, reeding and weaving using basalt glass yarn as a fabric tracer, incorporating it into the weft yarn, then winding the warp yarn in parallel on the warp beam, and performing warping treatment on the warping machine ; Then the warp yarn wound on the warp beam is put on the steel reed; then the warp yarn and weft yarn are woven through an air jet loom to obtain a glass fiber cloth, in which the warp yarn and weft yarn are primary color glass fiber (specification: EC6-68x1) Z28), control the density of warp yarns to 22/cm, the density of weft yarns to 21.6/cm, and the pitch of colored glass fibers to 203.2mm.
  • primary color glass fiber specificallyation: EC6-68x1) Z28
  • the thickness of the obtained fabric is 0.213 ⁇ 0.03mm, the surface weight is 305 ⁇ 16g/m 2 , and the tensile strength of the fabric is greater than 800N/25mm.
  • the glass fiber fabric was prepared according to the preparation method described in Example 1. The only difference was that in the preparation step (1) of the infiltrant, 50% by weight of soft water was added to the starch to prepare starch slurry. Control the gelatinization degree of starch slurry to 50%.
  • the glass fiber fabric is prepared according to the preparation method described in Example 1.
  • the only difference is that the preparation of the infiltrant (4) is: mixing the above starch paste and emulsion after the gelatinization treatment, adding 2.35 kg of soft water, Then heated to 60 °C, placed in a stirring device, add 3kg of indigo inorganic pigment, and then under the conditions of temperature of 60 °C, speed of 40rpm, the material was stirred and dispersed, the dispersion time was 45min, to prepare an infiltrant.
  • This comparative example prepares a glass fiber fabric according to the preparation method described in Example 1. The only difference is that the preparation method of the infiltrant is different.
  • the preparation method of the infiltration agent in this comparative example specifically includes the following steps:
  • the glass fiber fabric is prepared according to the preparation method described in Example 1. The only difference is that in the warping, threading and weaving steps, no colored glass fibers are added, and the primary color glass fibers are used for the warp yarns and the weft yarns.
  • the deviation of the warp yarn from the vertical direction ie, the skewness of the warp yarn
  • Comparative Example 1 the relative horizontal level of the weft yarns in Example 7 and Example 10-14 were measured respectively
  • the degree of deviation of the direction that is, the degree of weft skew
  • Example 6 3-4 3 Example 7 4 4 Example 8 4-5 4 Example 9 4 4 Example 10 2 2 Example 11 2 2 Example 12 2 1-2 Example 13 2 1 Example 14 2 1
  • Table 3 The appearance changes of different batches of glass fiber fabrics before and after heat treatment
  • Example 1 Almost no change in color and shade, no fading, no staining Example 2 Almost no change in color and shade, no fading, no staining Example 3 Almost no change in color and shade, no fading, no staining Example 4
  • the color is almost unchanged, the color light is slightly lightened, there is no fade, no staining Example 5
  • the color is almost unchanged, the color light is slightly lightened, there is no fade, no staining Example 6
  • the color is slightly lighter, the color light is almost unchanged, there is no fade, no staining Example 10
  • the color is obviously lighter, the color light is obviously lighter, and the color fade is serious
  • Example 11 The color is obviously lighter, the color light is obviously lighter, and there is discoloration Example 12
  • the color is obviously lighter, the color light is obviously lighter, and the color fade is serious
  • Example 13 The color is obviously lighter, the color light is obviously lighter, and there is discoloration Example 14
  • the color is obviously lighter, the color light is obviously lighter, and there is discoloration Example 14
  • the color fastness to washing and the color fastness to rubbing of the colored glass fibers in Examples 1-9 are significantly improved, among which the color fastness to washing Not less than level 3, and the color fastness to rubbing is not less than level 3, indicating that the colored glass fiber of the present application is firm in color and is not easy to discolor; and the appearance and color of the fabric made by using the colored glass fiber of Example 1-6 after heat treatment Small, no color fading, no staining phenomenon, indicating that the colored glass fiber of this application can be used for fabric tracking to quickly and accurately detect the warp and weft displacement of the fabric; moreover, compared with Examples 4, 5 and 6, the implementation
  • the color fastness to washing and the color fastness to rubbing of the colored glass fibers prepared in Examples 1-3 are significantly improved, indicating that by optimizing the preparation method of the colored glass fibers and controlling the heat treatment conditions of the fabric, it is conducive to further improve the preparation The color fastness of the obtained colored glass fiber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

一种玻璃纤维织物及其制备方法，将彩色玻璃纤维掺入作为经线和/或纬线的原色玻璃纤维中，经整经、穿筘、织造，制得玻璃纤维织物，该玻璃纤维织物经热处理后，未出现变黄、褐色条纹、掉色等情况，可快速便捷地检验织物经线或纬线的位移，也便于织物下料剪裁的定位，或为后道加工提供基准线。

Description

一种玻璃纤维织物及其制备方法
交叉引用
本申请要求在2018年12月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811559337.0、发明名称为“一种玻璃纤维织物及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及玻璃纤维技术领域，具体涉及一种玻璃纤维织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
玻璃纤维是一种优异的无机非金属材料，具有原料易得、强度高、模量高、耐腐蚀、绝缘性好等优点，常用在复合材料的增强材料、电绝缘材料、绝热保温材料等领域。
目前，玻璃纤维通常可通过矿石原料经高温熔融、拉丝、退纱、并纱工艺制得，其中，玻璃浸润剂是玻璃纤维在拉丝过程中用于涂覆在玻璃纤维表面的一种专用表面处理剂，其具有润滑、保护玻璃纤维，以及促进玻璃纤维粘结、集束的作用，是影响玻璃纤维是否能够满足后续加工要求以及玻璃纤维的使用性能的关键因素之一。根据玻璃纤维纱的用途不同，玻璃浸润剂可以分为增强型浸润剂和纺织型浸润剂。其中经过增强型浸润剂涂覆后制得的玻璃纤维增强纱，可直接用于制作热固性塑料、热塑性塑料、橡胶、弹性体等增强玻纤制品；而经纺织型浸润剂涂覆后制得的玻璃纤维纺织纱，可以应用于纺织行业，制作纤维织物。
随着复合材料应用领域的拓展、市场的升级，对复合材料制备工艺提出了更加精细严苛的要求，特别是在玻璃纤维织物铺层过程中，对织物经纬向位移有严格控制。然而，专用织物经纬向歪斜测量仪器不仅投资大、费用高、占地大，而且测量误差大，不能满足复合材料市场的严苛要求，现有厂家还多采用人工肉眼对织物经纬向歪斜进行全面识别。目前，采用原色玻璃纤维制作而成 的玻璃纤维纺织纱均为银白色纤维织物，检验过程相当繁琐，操作工往往需要几小时至几天的时间来验布，费时费力。因而，亟需一种快速便捷的方法来检测玻璃纤维织物的经纬向位移歪斜，以辨识玻璃纤维织物的优劣。
发明内容
因此，本申请要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的玻璃纤维织物经纬向位移歪斜检测方法繁琐，费时费力的缺陷，从而提供一种玻璃纤维织物及其制备方法。
本申请提供了一种玻璃纤维织物，包括作为经纱或纬纱的原色玻璃纤维和掺入所述原色玻璃纤维中的织物示踪物，所述织物示踪物包括彩色玻璃纤维。
所述织物示踪物设置有多个。
相邻的所述织物示踪物的间距为100-300mm。
一个所述织物示踪物由至少一根所述彩色玻璃纤维构成。
所述经线的密度为5-50根/cm，所述纬线的密度为5-50根/cm。
将所述彩色玻璃纤维掺入作为经线和/或纬线的原色玻璃纤维中，经整经、穿筘、织造而成。
本申请提供了一种玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，将彩色玻璃纤维掺入作为经线和/或纬线的原色玻璃纤维中，经整经、穿筘、织造，制得玻璃纤维织物。
所述彩色玻璃纤维可以但不限于红色玻璃纤维、银白色玻璃纤维、靛蓝色玻璃纤维、玄武岩玻璃纱中的一种。
所述彩色玻璃纤维的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将淀粉与软水混合均匀，制得淀粉浆，然后将所述淀粉浆进行糊化处理，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为60％-90％；将植物油、乳化剂加入软水中，经乳化处理制得乳液；将润滑剂与软水混合，并溶解，制得润滑剂溶液，将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入无机着色物质，然后进行超声波分散处理，制得浸润剂；或
当玻璃纤维织物包括偶联剂水解液时，将硅烷偶联剂进行水解制得偶联剂 水解液，将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、偶联剂水解液、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入无机着色物质，然后进行超声波分散处理，制得浸润剂；
(2)以所述浸润剂为涂覆剂，将玻璃纤维原料进行拉丝，制得彩色玻璃纤维原丝，然后经退纱、并纱工艺，制得彩色玻璃纤维；
(3)以所述彩色玻璃纤维为织物示踪物，将所述彩色玻璃纤维掺入作为经线和/或纬线的原色玻璃纤维中，经整经、穿筘、织造，制得玻璃纤维织物。
在所述淀粉浆制备步骤中，淀粉与软水的质量之比为(2-6.5)：(72-85.5)。
所述超声波分散处理步骤中，温度为55-65℃，分散频率为30-50kHz，分散时间为30-60min。
在所述拉丝步骤中，控制浸润剂的温度为55-65℃。
所述经线的密度为5-50根/cm，所述纬线的密度为5-50根/cm，所述织物示踪物的间距为100-300mm。
还包括热处理和表面处理步骤。
所述热处理包括第一闷烧阶段和第二闷烧阶段，其中，
所述第一闷烧阶段为将织造后的玻璃纤维织物升温至300℃-400℃，随后保温5-7小时；
所述第二闷烧阶段为继续升温至350-420℃，随后保温8-10小时。
所述无机着色物质可以为且不局限于红色、银白色和靛蓝色无机颜料中的至少一种。
步骤(1)中，所述淀粉、植物油、乳化剂、润滑剂、无机着色物质及偶联剂的质量之比为(2-6.5)：(1-2)：(0.1-0.3)：(0.1-0.5)：(0.5-5)：(0-0.8)。
本申请技术方案，具有如下优点：
1.本申请提供的玻璃纤维织物，创新性地将彩色玻璃纤维作为织物示踪物掺入作为经线或纬线的原色玻璃纤维中，应用于对织物进行示踪检测，彩色玻璃纤维纱作为参照，操作人员可通过肉眼简单方便地检验织物经线或纬线是否歪斜以及歪斜程度，而且显著降低检验次数，节约人力成本，提高验布的准确 度，减少废品率，此外，也便于织物下料剪裁的定位，明显降低经纱和纬纱的歪斜程度，也可为后道加工提供基准线。
2.本申请提供的玻璃纤维织物，使用淀粉、植物油、乳化剂、润滑剂和无机着色物质复配后制得的浸润剂涂覆于玻璃纤维表面制得彩色玻璃纤维后，将彩色玻璃纤维掺入原色玻璃纤维中制得玻璃纤维织物，并通过控制浸润剂制备过程中淀粉浆的糊化度为60％-90％，首先将植物油和乳化剂，与润滑剂分别与软水混合，制备乳液和润滑剂溶液，再将淀粉浆、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合后加入无机着色物质，通过上述分步制液再混合均匀的方式有助于促进各组分之间更好地融合，使得有机着色物质分布均匀，再结合采用超声波分散工艺将无机着色物质分散入混合溶液中，使得无机着色物质均匀分散于浸润剂的其他组分中，制得的玻璃纤维具有良好的性能，且颜色牢固，不易脱色、沾色，经水洗色牢度和摩擦色牢度试验显示色牢度均不小于3级，而且经过玻璃纤维制得的织物经热处理后，外观基本无变化，未出现变黄、褐色条纹、掉色等情况，且毛纱少，布面情况良好。
3.本申请提供的玻璃纤维织物，通过控制淀粉与软水的质量之比为(2-6.5)：(72-85.5)，能够使彩色玻璃纤维的颜色牢固度进一步得到提高，通过控制超声波分散处理中的温度为55-65℃，分散频率为30-50kHz，分散时间为30-60min，提高无机着色物质的分散均匀性，使其与乳化剂、润滑剂更好地融合，进一步提高彩色玻璃纤维的颜色牢固度和颜色均匀性。
4.本申请提供的玻璃纤维织物，分两个阶段的升温后保温处理，且升温过程匀速缓慢进行，有利于缓慢地去除玻璃纤维织物表面的除无机着色物质之外的其他浸润剂组分，并且较好地保留无机着色物质在玻璃纤维织物的均匀分布，有利于进一步提高玻璃纤维表面的颜色牢固度和颜色均匀性，从而使得制得的玻璃纤维织物在热处理过程先后外观几乎无变化，颜色均匀，牢固。
5.本申请提供的玻璃纤维织物，所述经线的密度为5-50根/cm，所述纬线的密度为5-50根/cm，可根据设计要求调整经线、纬线的密度以及彩色织物示 踪物的数量和分布，可以但不局限于制作传统的八枚三飞缎纹织物，也有利于形成后续复合材料的纹案，而且将所述织物示踪物的间距控制在100-300mm之间，彩色玻璃纤维纱可以更好地发挥参照物以及示踪物的作用，最大限度提高识别的准确度。
具体实施方式
提供下述实施例是为了更好地进一步理解本申请，并不局限于所述最佳实施方式，不对本申请的内容和保护范围构成限制，任何人在本申请的启示下或是将本申请与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本申请相同或相近似的产品，均落在本申请的保护范围之内。
实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。
实施例1
(一)浸润剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)称取淀粉4kg，加入78.6kg的软水，搅拌均匀，制得淀粉浆，然后将淀粉浆置于蒸煮器中进行糊化处理，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为75％；
(2)称取大豆油1.5kg和吐温0.2kg，加入2.3kg的软水，经高速乳化器乳化处理后，制得乳液；
(3)称取酰胺盐润滑剂0.3kg，加入9.25kg的软水，溶解，制得润滑剂溶液；
(4)将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入2.35kg的软水，然后加热至60℃，置于超声波分散装置中，加入3kg靛蓝色无机颜料，然后在温度为60℃、分散频率为40Hz的条件下对物料进行超声波分散处理，分散时间为45min，制得浸润剂。
(二)彩色玻璃纤维的制备方法为：取上述方法制得的浸润剂为涂覆剂，将玻璃纤维原料加入拉丝设备中，控制浸润剂的温度为60℃，采用带式涂油器 拉丝，制得彩色玻璃纤维原丝，然后依次经退纱、并纱工艺，制备得到彩色玻璃纤维。
(三)玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)整经、穿筘和织造：以上述制得的彩色玻璃纤维为织物示踪物，将上述彩色玻璃纤维掺入到经纱中，然后将经纱平行卷绕在经轴上，通过整经机对其进行整经处理；接着将卷绕到经轴上的经纱穿在钢筘上；然后将经纱和纬纱通过喷气织机进行织造，织造后沿着彩色纱进行裁剪切去下料，得到玻璃纤维胚布，其中经纱和纬纱均为原色玻璃纤维(规格：EC6-68x1 Z28)，控制经纱的密度为22根/cm，纬纱的密度为21.6根/cm，彩色玻璃纤维的间距为203.2mm。
(2)热处理和表面处理：将上述玻璃纤维胚布在热脱浆炉内进行热处理，以脱除玻璃纤维坯布表面的浆料和浸润剂；其中，热处理包括第一闷烧阶段和第二闷烧阶段，第一闷烧阶段为将织造后的玻璃纤维织物升温至350℃，随后保温6小时；第二闷烧阶段为继续升温至400℃，随后保温9小时；然后将上述经过热处理后的玻璃纤维坯布浸入到硅烷类偶联剂中，对玻璃纤维坯布进行表面处理，使玻璃纤维布与硅烷类偶联剂上的树脂进行偶联，得到玻璃纤维织物成品。
所得织物的厚度为0.229±0.02mm，面重305±10g/m 2，织物拉伸强力大于800N/25mm。
实施例2
(一)浸润剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)称取淀粉2kg，加入85.5kg的软水，搅拌均匀，制得淀粉浆，然后将淀粉浆置于蒸煮器中进行糊化处理，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为60％；
(2)称取菜籽油2kg和聚乙二醇0.1kg，加入2.7kg的软水，经高速乳化器乳化处理后，制得乳液；
(3)称取酰胺盐润滑剂0.1kg，加入0.9kg的软水，溶解，制得润滑剂溶液；
(4)将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入5.9kg的软水，然后加热至55℃，置于超声波分散装置中，加入5kg银白色无机颜料，然后在温度为55℃、分散频率为50Hz的条件下对物料进行超声波分散处理，分散时间为30min，制得浸润剂。
(二)彩色玻璃纤维的制备方法为：取上述方法制得的浸润剂为涂覆剂，将玻璃纤维原料加入拉丝设备中，控制浸润剂的温度为65℃，采用带式涂油器拉丝，制得彩色玻璃纤维原丝，然后依次经退纱、并纱工艺，制备得到彩色玻璃纤维。
(三)玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)整经、穿筘和织造：以上述制得的彩色玻璃纤维为织物示踪物，将上述彩色玻璃纤维掺入到经纱中，然后将经纱平行卷绕在经轴上，通过整经机对其进行整经处理；接着将卷绕到经轴上的经纱穿在钢筘上；然后将经纱和纬纱通过喷气织机进行织造，织造后沿着彩色纱进行裁剪切去下料，得到玻璃纤维胚布，其中经纱和纬纱均为原色玻璃纤维(规格：EC6-68x1 Z28)，控制经纱的密度为10根/cm，纬纱的密度为30根/cm，彩色玻璃纤维的间距为100mm。
(2)热处理和表面处理：将上述玻璃纤维胚布在热脱浆炉内进行热处理，以脱除玻璃纤维坯布表面的浆料和浸润剂；其中，热处理包括第一闷烧阶段和第二闷烧阶段，第一闷烧阶段为将织造后的玻璃纤维织物升温至330℃，随后保温7小时；第二闷烧阶段为继续升温至380℃，随后保温10小时；然后将上述经过热处理后的玻璃纤维坯布浸入到硅烷类偶联剂中，对玻璃纤维坯布进行表面处理，使玻璃纤维布与硅烷类偶联剂上的树脂进行偶联，得到玻璃纤维织物成品。
所得织物的厚度为0.224±0.02mm，面重300±10g/m 2，织物拉伸强力大于800N/25mm。
实施例3
(一)浸润剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)称取淀粉6.5kg，加入72kg的软水，搅拌均匀，制得淀粉浆，然后将淀粉浆置于蒸煮器中进行糊化处理，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为90％；
(2)称取花生油1kg和聚乙二醇0.3kg，加入1.8kg的软水，经高速乳化器乳化处理后，制得乳液；
(3)称取酰胺盐润滑剂0.5kg，加入5kg的软水，溶解，制得润滑剂溶液；
(4)将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入1.2kg的软水，然后加热至65℃，置于超声波分散装置中，加入0.6kg红色无机颜料，然后在温度为65℃、分散频率为30Hz的条件下对物料进行超声波分散处理，分散时间为60min，制得浸润剂。
(二)彩色玻璃纤维的制备方法为：取上述方法制得的浸润剂为涂覆剂，将玻璃纤维原料加入拉丝设备中，控制浸润剂的温度为55℃，采用带式涂油器拉丝，制得彩色玻璃纤维原丝，然后依次经退纱、并纱工艺，制备得到彩色玻璃纤维。
(三)玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)整经、穿筘和织造：以上述制得的彩色玻璃纤维为织物示踪物，将上述彩色玻璃纤维掺入到经纱中，然后将经纱平行卷绕在经轴上，通过整经机对其进行整经处理；接着将卷绕到经轴上的经纱穿在钢筘上；然后将经纱和纬纱通过喷气织机进行织造，织造后沿着彩色纱进行裁剪切去下料，得到玻璃纤维胚布，其中经纱和纬纱均为原色玻璃纤维(规格：EC6-68x1 Z28)，控制经纱的密度为30根/cm，纬纱的密度为10根/cm，彩色玻璃纤维的间距为300mm。
(2)热处理和表面处理：将上述玻璃纤维胚布在热脱浆炉内进行热处理，以脱除玻璃纤维坯布表面的浆料和浸润剂；其中，热处理包括第一闷烧阶段和第二闷烧阶段，第一闷烧阶段为将织造后的玻璃纤维织物升温至370℃，随后保温5小时；第二闷烧阶段为继续升温至420℃，随后保温8小时；然后将上述经过热处理后的玻璃纤维坯布浸入到硅烷类偶联剂中，对玻璃纤维坯布进行表面处理，使玻璃纤维布与硅烷类偶联剂上的树脂进行偶联，得到玻璃纤维织 物成品。
所得织物的厚度为0.240±0.03mm，面重305±9g/m 2，织物拉伸强力大于820N/25mm。
实施例4
(一)浸润剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)称取淀粉4kg，加入78.6kg的软水，搅拌均匀，制得淀粉浆，然后将淀粉浆置于蒸煮器中进行糊化处理，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为75％；
(2)称取大豆油1.5kg和吐温0.2kg，加入2.3kg的软水，经高速乳化器乳化处理后，制得乳液；
(3)称取酰胺盐润滑剂0.3kg，加入9.25kg的软水，溶解，制得润滑剂溶液；
(4)将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入2.35kg的软水，然后加热至40℃，置于超声波分散装置中，加入3kg靛蓝色无机颜料，然后在温度为40℃、分散频率为40Hz的条件下对物料进行超声波分散处理，分散时间为45min，制得浸润剂。
(二)彩色玻璃纤维的制备方法为：取上述方法制得的浸润剂为涂覆剂，将玻璃纤维原料加入拉丝设备中，控制浸润剂的温度为40℃，采用带式涂油器拉丝，制得彩色玻璃纤维原丝，然后依次经退纱、并纱工艺，制备得到彩色玻璃纤维。
(三)玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)整经、穿筘和织造：以上述制得的彩色玻璃纤维为织物示踪物，将上述彩色玻璃纤维掺入到经纱中，然后将经纱平行卷绕在经轴上，通过整经机对其进行整经处理；接着将卷绕到经轴上的经纱穿在钢筘上；然后将经纱和纬纱通过喷气织机进行织造，织造后沿着彩色纱进行裁剪切去下料，得到玻璃纤维胚布，其中经纱和纬纱均为原色玻璃纤维(规格：EC6-68x1 Z28)，控制经纱的密度为22根/cm，纬纱的密度为21.6根/cm，彩色玻璃纤维的间距为203.2mm。
(2)热处理和表面处理：将上述玻璃纤维胚布在热脱浆炉内进行热处理，以脱除玻璃纤维坯布表面的浆料和浸润剂；其中，热处理包括第一闷烧阶段和第二闷烧阶段，第一闷烧阶段为将织造后的玻璃纤维织物升温至350℃，随后保温6小时；第二闷烧阶段为继续升温至400℃，随后保温9小时；然后将上述经过热处理后的玻璃纤维坯布浸入到硅烷类偶联剂中，对玻璃纤维坯布进行表面处理，使玻璃纤维布与硅烷类偶联剂上的树脂进行偶联，得到玻璃纤维织物成品。
所得织物的厚度为0.224±0.18mm，面重314±11g/m 2，织物拉伸强力大于810N/25mm。
实施例5
(一)浸润剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)称取淀粉4kg，加入78.6kg的软水，搅拌均匀，制得淀粉浆，然后将淀粉浆置于蒸煮器中进行糊化处理，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为75％；
(2)称取大豆油1.5kg和吐温0.2kg，加入2.3kg的软水，经高速乳化器乳化处理后，制得乳液；
(3)称取酰胺盐润滑剂0.3kg，加入9.25kg的软水，溶解，制得润滑剂溶液；
(4)将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入2.35kg的软水，然后加热至60℃，置于超声波分散装置中，加入3kg靛蓝色无机颜料，然后在温度为60℃、分散频率为20Hz的条件下对物料进行超声波分散处理，分散时间为20min，制得浸润剂。
(二)彩色玻璃纤维的制备方法为：取上述方法制得的浸润剂为涂覆剂，将玻璃纤维原料加入拉丝设备中，控制浸润剂的温度为60℃，采用带式涂油器拉丝，制得彩色玻璃纤维原丝，然后依次经退纱、并纱工艺，制备得到彩色玻璃纤维。
(三)玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)整经、穿筘和织造：以上述制得的彩色玻璃纤维为织物示踪物，将上述彩色玻璃纤维掺入到经纱中，然后将经纱平行卷绕在经轴上，通过整经机对其进行整经处理；接着将卷绕到经轴上的经纱穿在钢筘上；然后将经纱和纬纱通过喷气织机进行织造，织造后沿着彩色纱进行裁剪切去下料，得到玻璃纤维胚布，其中经纱和纬纱均为原色玻璃纤维(规格：EC6-68x1 Z28)，控制经纱的密度为22根/cm，纬纱的密度为21.6根/cm，彩色玻璃纤维的间距为203.2mm。
(2)热处理和表面处理：将上述玻璃纤维胚布在热脱浆炉内进行热处理，以脱除玻璃纤维坯布表面的浆料和浸润剂；其中，热处理包括第一闷烧阶段和第二闷烧阶段，第一闷烧阶段为将织造后的玻璃纤维织物升温至350℃，随后保温6小时；第二闷烧阶段为继续升温至400℃，随后保温9小时；然后将上述经过热处理后的玻璃纤维坯布浸入到硅烷类偶联剂中，对玻璃纤维坯布进行表面处理，使玻璃纤维布与硅烷类偶联剂上的树脂进行偶联，得到玻璃纤维织物成品。
所得织物的厚度为0.232±0.19mm，面重316±11g/m 2，织物拉伸强力大于815N/25mm。
实施例6
(一)浸润剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)称取淀粉4kg，加入78.6kg的软水，搅拌均匀，制得淀粉浆，然后将淀粉浆置于蒸煮器中进行糊化处理，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为75％；
(2)称取大豆油1.5kg和吐温0.2kg，加入2.3kg的软水，经高速乳化器乳化处理后，制得乳液；
(3)称取酰胺盐润滑剂0.3kg，加入9.25kg的软水，溶解，制得润滑剂溶液；
(4)将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入2.35kg的软水，然后加热至60℃，置于超声波分散装置中，加入3kg靛蓝色无机颜料，然后在温度为60℃、分散频率为40Hz的条件下对物料进行超声波分散处理， 分散时间为45min，制得浸润剂。
(二)彩色玻璃纤维的制备方法为：取上述方法制得的浸润剂为涂覆剂，将玻璃纤维原料加入拉丝设备中，控制浸润剂的温度为60℃，采用带式涂油器拉丝，制得彩色玻璃纤维原丝，然后依次经退纱、并纱工艺，制备得到彩色玻璃纤维。
(三)玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)整经、穿筘和织造：以上述制得的彩色玻璃纤维为织物示踪物，将上述彩色玻璃纤维掺入到经纱中，然后将经纱平行卷绕在经轴上，通过整经机对其进行整经处理；接着将卷绕到经轴上的经纱穿在钢筘上；然后将经纱和纬纱通过喷气织机进行织造，得到玻璃纤维胚布，其中经纱和纬纱均为原色玻璃纤维(规格：EC6-68x1 Z28)，控制经纱的密度为22根/cm，纬纱的密度为21.6根/cm，彩色玻璃纤维的间距为203.2mm。
(2)热处理和表面处理：将上述玻璃纤维胚布在热脱浆炉内进行热处理，以脱除玻璃纤维坯布表面的浆料和浸润剂；其中，热处理为将织造后的玻璃纤维织物升温至400℃，随后保温15小时；然后将上述经过热处理后的玻璃纤维坯布浸入到硅烷类偶联剂中，对玻璃纤维坯布进行表面处理，使玻璃纤维布与硅烷类偶联剂上的树脂进行偶联，得到玻璃纤维织物成品。
所得织物的厚度为0.230±0.03mm，面重301±10g/m 2，织物拉伸强力大于800N/25mm。
实施例7
(一)浸润剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)称取淀粉4kg，加入78.6kg的软水，搅拌均匀，制得淀粉浆，然后将淀粉浆置于蒸煮器中进行糊化处理，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为75％；
(2)称取大豆油1.5kg和吐温0.2kg，加入2.3kg的软水，经高速乳化器乳化处理后，制得乳液；
(3)称取酰胺盐润滑剂0.3kg，加入9.25kg的软水，溶解，制得润滑剂溶 液；
(4)将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入2.35kg的软水，然后加热至60℃，置于超声波分散装置中，加入3kg靛蓝色无机颜料，然后在温度为60℃、分散频率为40Hz的条件下对物料进行超声波分散处理，分散时间为45min，制得浸润剂。
(二)彩色玻璃纤维的制备方法为：取上述方法制得的浸润剂为涂覆剂，将玻璃纤维原料加入拉丝设备中，控制浸润剂的温度为60℃，采用带式涂油器拉丝，制得彩色玻璃纤维原丝，然后依次经退纱、并纱工艺，制备得到彩色玻璃纤维。
(三)玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)整经、穿筘和织造：将经纱平行卷绕在经轴上，通过整经机对其进行整经处理；接着将卷绕到经轴上的经纱穿在钢筘上，以上述制得的彩色玻璃纤维为织物示踪物，将上述彩色玻璃纤维掺入到纬纱中，然后将经纱和纬纱通过喷气织机进行织造，得到玻璃纤维胚布，其中经纱和纬纱均为原色玻璃纤维(规格：EC9-34x1 x2 S55)，控制经纱的密度为22根/cm，纬纱的密度为21根/cm，彩色玻璃纤维的间距为103.2±30.5mm。
所得织物的厚度为0.25±0.02mm，面重295±10g/m 2，织物拉伸强力大于1450N/25mm。
实施例8
(一)浸润剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)称取淀粉4kg，加入78.6kg的软水，搅拌均匀，制得淀粉浆，然后将淀粉浆置于蒸煮器中进行糊化处理，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为75％；
(2)称取大豆油1.5kg和吐温0.2kg，加入2.3kg的软水，经高速乳化器乳化处理后，制得乳液；
(3)称取酰胺盐润滑剂0.3kg，加入9.25kg的软水，溶解，制得润滑剂溶液；
(4)将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入2.35kg的软水，然后加热至60℃，置于超声波分散装置中，加入3kg银白色无机颜料，然后在温度为60℃、分散频率为40Hz的条件下对物料进行超声波分散处理，分散时间为45min，制得浸润剂。
(二)彩色玻璃纤维的制备方法为：取上述方法制得的浸润剂为涂覆剂，将玻璃纤维原料加入拉丝设备中，控制浸润剂的温度为60℃，采用带式涂油器拉丝，制得彩色玻璃纤维原丝，然后依次经退纱、并纱工艺，制备得到彩色玻璃纤维。
(三)玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
将经纱平行卷绕在经轴上，通过整经机对其进行整经处理；接着将卷绕到经轴上的经纱穿在钢筘上；以上述制得的彩色玻璃纤维为织物示踪物，将上述彩色玻璃纤维掺入到纬纱中，然后将经纱和纬纱通过喷气织机进行织造，得到玻璃纤维胚布，其中经纱和纬纱均为原色玻璃纤维(规格：EC5-11×1×2 S180)，控制经纱的密度为40根/cm，纬纱的密度为41.6根/cm，彩色玻璃纤维的间距为150±25mm。
所得织物的厚度为0.11±0.02mm，面重106±6g/m 2，织物拉伸强力大于500N/25mm。
实施例9
(一)浸润剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)称取淀粉3.5kg，加入70kg的软水，搅拌均匀，制得淀粉浆，然后将淀粉浆置于蒸煮器中进行糊化处理，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为75％；
(2)称取大豆油1.0kg和吐温0.2kg，加入2.3kg的软水，经高速乳化器乳化处理后，制得乳液；
(3)称取酰胺盐润滑剂0.3kg，加入9.25kg的软水，溶解，制得润滑剂溶液；
(4)取10kg的软水，加入约0.15kg冰醋酸，调节PH值为3-4，称取硅 烷类偶联剂0.25kg，缓慢搅拌水解，制得偶联剂水解液，用冰醋酸或柠檬酸调节PH值为4-6；
(5)将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、偶联剂水解液、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入1.35kg的软水，然后加热至60℃，置于超声波分散装置中，加入3kg银白色无机颜料，然后在温度为60℃、分散频率为40Hz的条件下对物料进行超声波分散处理，分散时间为45min，制得浸润剂。
(二)彩色玻璃纤维的制备方法为：取上述方法制得的浸润剂为涂覆剂，将玻璃纤维原料加入拉丝设备中，控制浸润剂的温度为60℃，采用带式涂油器拉丝，制得彩色玻璃纤维原丝，然后依次经退纱、并纱工艺，制备得到彩色玻璃纤维。
(三)玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
将经纱平行卷绕在经轴上，通过整经机对其进行整经处理；接着将卷绕到经轴上的经纱穿在钢筘上；以上述制得的彩色玻璃纤维为织物示踪物，将上述彩色玻璃纤维掺入到纬纱中，然后将经纱和纬纱通过喷气织机进行织造，得到玻璃纤维胚布，其中经纱和纬纱均为原色玻璃纤维(规格：EC5-11×1×2 S180)，控制经纱的密度为5根/cm，纬纱的密度为15根/cm，彩色玻璃纤维的间距为150±25mm。
所得织物的厚度为0.12±0.02mm，面重110±8g/m2，织物拉伸强力大于800N/25mm。
实施例10
玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)整经、穿筘和织造：以市售的彩色玻璃纤维为织物示踪物，将掺入到纬纱中，然后将经纱平行卷绕在经轴上，通过整经机对其进行整经处理；接着将卷绕到经轴上的经纱穿在钢筘上；然后将经纱和纬纱通过喷气织机进行织造，得到玻璃纤维胚布，其中经纱和纬纱均为原色玻璃纤维(规格：EC6-68x1 Z28)，控制经纱的密度为22根/cm，纬纱的密度为21.6根/cm，彩色玻璃纤维的间距 为203.2mm。
(2)热处理和表面处理：将上述玻璃纤维胚布在热脱浆炉内进行热处理，以脱除玻璃纤维坯布表面的浆料和浸润剂；其中，热处理包括第一闷烧阶段和第二闷烧阶段，第一闷烧阶段为将织造后的玻璃纤维织物升温至350℃，随后保温6小时；第二闷烧阶段为继续升温至400℃，随后保温9小时；然后将上述经过热处理后的玻璃纤维坯布浸入到硅烷类偶联剂中，对玻璃纤维坯布进行表面处理，使玻璃纤维布与硅烷类偶联剂上的树脂进行偶联，得到玻璃纤维织物成品。
所得织物的厚度为0.209±0.03mm，面重302±13g/m 2，织物拉伸强力大于800N/25mm。
实施例11
玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)整经、穿筘和织造：以玄武岩玻璃纱为织物示踪物，将其掺入到纬纱中，然后将经纱平行卷绕在经轴上，通过整经机对其进行整经处理；接着将卷绕到经轴上的经纱穿在钢筘上；然后将经纱和纬纱通过喷气织机进行织造，得到玻璃纤维胚布，其中经纱和纬纱均为原色玻璃纤维(规格：EC6-68x1 Z28)，控制经纱的密度为22根/cm，纬纱的密度为21.6根/cm，彩色玻璃纤维的间距为203.2mm。
(2)热处理和表面处理：将上述玻璃纤维胚布在热脱浆炉内进行热处理，以脱除玻璃纤维坯布表面的浆料和浸润剂；其中，热处理包括第一闷烧阶段和第二闷烧阶段，第一闷烧阶段为将织造后的玻璃纤维织物升温至350℃，随后保温6小时；第二闷烧阶段为继续升温至400℃，随后保温9小时；然后将上述经过热处理后的玻璃纤维坯布浸入到硅烷类偶联剂中，对玻璃纤维坯布进行表面处理，使玻璃纤维布与硅烷类偶联剂上的树脂进行偶联，得到玻璃纤维织物成品。
所得织物的厚度为0.213±0.03mm，面重305±16g/m 2，织物拉伸强力大于 800N/25mm。
实施例12
本实施例按照实施例1所述的制备方法制备玻璃纤维织物，区别仅在于，在浸润剂的制备步骤(1)中，向淀粉中加入占软水总质量50wt％的软水，制得淀粉浆，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为50％。
实施例13
本实施例按照实施例1所述的制备方法制备玻璃纤维织物，区别仅在于，在浸润剂的制备(4)为：将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液混合，加入2.35kg的软水，然后加热至60℃，置于搅拌装置中，加入3kg靛蓝色无机颜料，然后在温度为60℃、转速为40rpm的条件下对物料进行搅拌分散处理，分散时间为45min，制得浸润剂。
实施例14
本对比例按照实施例1所述的制备方法制备玻璃纤维织物，区别仅在于，浸润剂的制备方法不同，本对比例中浸润剂的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
(1)称取淀粉4kg，加入78.6kg的软水，搅拌均匀，制得淀粉浆，然后将淀粉浆置于蒸煮器中进行糊化处理，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为75％；
(2)称取大豆油1.5kg、吐温0.2kg、酰胺盐润滑剂0.3kg，加入2.3kg的软水，经高速乳化器乳化处理后，制得乳液；
(3)将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液混合，加入2.35kg的软水，然后加热至60℃，置于超声波分散装置中，加入3kg靛蓝色无机颜料，然后在温度为60℃、分散频率为40Hz的条件下对物料进行超声波分散处理，分散时间为45min，制得浸润剂。
对比例1
本对比例按照实施例1所述的制备方法制备玻璃纤维织物，区别仅在于，整经、穿筘和织造步骤中，未加入彩色玻璃纤维，经纱和纬纱均采用原色玻璃纤维。
实验例1
按照GB/T18373-2013标准的有关规定，分别测量实施例1-6对比例1中经纱相对竖直方向的偏离度(即经纱的歪斜程度)以及实施例7和实施例10-14纬纱相对水平方向的偏离度(即纬纱的歪斜程度)，测量结果如下表所示(n＝10)。
表1不同批次的玻璃纤维织物的裁剪的偏离度
不同批次的彩色玻璃纤维 偏离度
实施例1 0.7％
实施例2 0.6％
实施例3 0.5％
实施例4 0.7％
实施例5 0.5％
实施例6 0.6％
实施例7 0.7％
实施例10 0.7％
实施例11 1.0％
实施例12 0.8％
实施例13 0.9％
实施例14 0.8％
对比例1 1.7％
从表1中可知，实施例1-14中制得的玻璃纤维织物织纬纱或经纱的偏离程度明显低于对比例1制得的玻璃纤维织物，说明本申请的玻璃纤维织物能够降低经纱或纬纱的歪斜程度。
实验例2
参照国家标准GB 18401-2010中的有关规定，测定实施例1-14制得的彩色玻璃纤维的水洗色牢度和摩擦色牢度，测定结果如下表所示。
表2不同批次的彩色玻璃纤维的水洗色牢度和摩擦色牢度
不同批次的彩色玻璃纤维 水洗色牢度(级) 摩擦色牢度(级)
实施例1 5 4
实施例2 4 4
实施例3 4-5 4-5
实施例4 3-4 3-4
实施例5 3 3
实施例6 3-4 3
实施例7 4 4
实施例8 4-5 4
实施例9 4 4
实施例10 2 2
实施例11 2 2
实施例12 2 1-2
实施例13 2 1
实施例14 2 1
实验例3
观察实施例1-6和对比例1-3中制得的玻璃纤维织物，热处理前后织物的外观变化，结果如下表所示。
表3不同批次的玻璃纤维织物经热处理前后织物的外观变化
不同批次的玻璃纤维织物 热处理前后织物的外观变化
实施例1 色泽、色光几乎无变化，无掉色，无沾色现象
实施例2 色泽、色光几乎无变化，无掉色，无沾色现象
实施例3 色泽、色光几乎无变化，无掉色，无沾色现象
实施例4 色泽几乎无变化、色光稍微变浅，无掉色，无沾色现象
实施例5 色泽几乎无变化、色光稍微变浅，无掉色，无沾色现象
实施例6 色泽稍微变浅，色光几乎无变化，无掉色，无沾色现象
实施例10 色泽明显变浅，色光明显变淡，掉色严重
实施例11 色泽明显变浅，色光明显变淡，出现掉色
实施例12 色泽明显变浅，色光明显变淡，掉色严重
实施例13 色泽明显变浅，色光明显变淡，出现掉色
实施例14 色泽明显变浅，色光明显变淡，出现掉色
从表2和表3中可以看出，与实施例10-14相比，实施例1-9中的彩色玻璃纤维的水洗色牢度和摩擦色牢度均有显著提高，其中水洗色牢度不小于3级，摩擦色牢度不小于3级，说明本申请的彩色玻璃纤维颜色牢固，不易脱色；而且采用实施例1-6的彩色玻璃纤维制得的织物经过热处理后外观色泽、色光变化小，且无掉色，无沾色现象，说明本申请的彩色玻璃纤维可以用于织物示踪，以快速、准确检测织物的经纬向位移；而且，与实施例4、5和6相比，实施例 1-3中制得的彩色玻璃纤维的水洗色牢度和摩擦色牢度均有显著提高，说明通过对彩色玻璃纤维制备方法的优化，以及对织物热处理条件的控制，有利于进一步提高制得的彩色玻璃纤维的颜色牢固性。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本申请创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种玻璃纤维织物，其特征在于，包括作为经纱或纬纱的原色玻璃纤维和掺入所述原色玻璃纤维中的织物示踪物，所述织物示踪物包括彩色玻璃纤维。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的玻璃纤维织物，其特征在于，所述织物示踪物设置有多个。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的玻璃纤维织物，其特征在于，相邻的所述织物示踪物的间距为100-300mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的玻璃纤维织物，其特征在于，一个所述织物示踪物由至少一根所述彩色玻璃纤维构成。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一所述的玻璃纤维织物，其特征在于，所述经线的密度为5-50根/cm，所述纬线的密度为5-50根/cm。
  6. 权利要求1-5中任一所述的玻璃纤维织物的制作方法，其特征在于，将所述彩色玻璃纤维掺入作为经线和/或纬线的原色玻璃纤维中，经整经、穿筘、织造而成。
  7. 权利要求1-6中任一所述的玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述彩色玻璃纤维的制备方法包括如下步骤：
    (1)将淀粉与软水混合均匀，制得淀粉浆，然后将所述淀粉浆进行糊化处理，控制淀粉浆的糊化度为60％-90％；将植物油、乳化剂加入软水中，经乳化处理制得乳液；将润滑剂与软水混合，并溶解，制得润滑剂溶液；将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入无机着色物质，然后进行超声波分散处理，制得浸润剂，将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入无机着色物质，然后进行超声波分散处理，制得浸润剂；
    当玻璃纤维织物包括偶联剂水解液时，将硅烷偶联剂进行水解制得偶联剂水解液，将上述糊化处理后的淀粉浆、偶联剂水解液、乳液和润滑剂溶液混合，加入无机着色物质，然后进行超声波分散处理，制得浸润剂；
    (2)以所述浸润剂为涂覆剂，将玻璃纤维原料进行拉丝，制得彩色玻璃纤维原丝，然后经退纱、并纱工艺，制得彩色玻璃纤维。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述淀粉浆制备步骤中，淀粉与软水的质量之比为(2-6.5)：(72-85.5)。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8中任一所述的玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述超声波分散处理步骤中，温度为55-65℃，分散频率为30-50kHz，分散时间为30-60min。
  10. 根据权利要求7-9中任一项所述的玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，其特在于：在所述拉丝步骤中，控制浸润剂的温度为55-65℃。
  11. 根据权利要求6-10中任一项所述的玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于：还包括热处理和表面处理步骤；
    优选地，所述热处理包括第一闷烧阶段和第二闷烧阶段，其中，
    所述第一闷烧阶段为将织造后的玻璃纤维织物升温至300℃-400℃，随后保温5-7小时；
    所述第二闷烧阶段为继续升温至350-420℃，随后保温8-10小时。
  12. 根据权利要求7-11中任一项所述的玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述无机着色物质为红色、银白色和靛蓝色无机颜料中的至少一种。
  13. 根据权利要求7-12中任一项所述的玻璃纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述淀粉、植物油、乳化剂、润滑剂、无机着色物质与偶联剂的质量之比为(2-6.5)：(1-2)：(0.1-0.3)：(0.1-0.5)：(0.5-5)：(0-0.8)。
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