WO2020124634A1 - 利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法 - Google Patents

利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法 Download PDF

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WO2020124634A1
WO2020124634A1 PCT/CN2018/123845 CN2018123845W WO2020124634A1 WO 2020124634 A1 WO2020124634 A1 WO 2020124634A1 CN 2018123845 W CN2018123845 W CN 2018123845W WO 2020124634 A1 WO2020124634 A1 WO 2020124634A1
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edible
oil
medicinal
powder
fermentation
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French (fr)
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丁重阳
刘元法
蒋云芝
徐萌萌
赵丽婷
曹晨
王琼
顾正华
石贵阳
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Jiangnan University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L11/50—Fermented pulses or legumes; Fermentation of pulses or legumes based on the addition of microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS OR COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils
    • A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L11/05—Mashed or comminuted pulses or legumes; Products made therefrom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L11/05—Mashed or comminuted pulses or legumes; Products made therefrom
    • A23L11/07—Soya beans, e.g. oil-extracted soya bean flakes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L25/40—Fermented products; Products treated with microorganisms or enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
    • A61K36/062—Ascomycota
    • A61K36/066—Clavicipitaceae
    • A61K36/068—Cordyceps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
    • A61K36/07—Basidiomycota, e.g. Cryptococcus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
    • A61K36/07—Basidiomycota, e.g. Cryptococcus
    • A61K36/074—Ganoderma
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/31—Brassicaceae or Cruciferae (Mustard family), e.g. broccoli, cabbage or kohlrabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
    • A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
    • A61K2236/19—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving fermentation using yeast, bacteria or both; enzymatic treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for fermenting soybean or other oil crops by using edible and medicinal bacteria, and belongs to the technical field of fermentation.
  • soybean is an important grain and oil dual-use product in the world, and about 85% of the world's soybean production is used for oil extraction. Therefore, soybean is the main source of vegetable oil and protein feed in the world.
  • the existing soybean processing technology for preparing soybean oil and soybean meal is mainly to expand the soybean first, extract the oil to obtain soybean oil, and then dry the residue to obtain soybean meal.
  • the squeezed soybean oil is an excellent edible oil with high nutritional value, and it is one of the most common edible oils in people's daily life.
  • the processed soybean meal is used as a by-product after soybean oil is made. The output is huge, and the protein content in soybean meal is as high as 45%, and the amino acid composition is more reasonable, which is a source of high-quality plant protein for farming feed.
  • soybean oil With the continuous improvement of the quality of life, consumers have higher and higher quality requirements for edible oils and fats.
  • edible oil researchers and production companies try to add natural functions to soybean oil Sexual substances (such as carotenoids, squalene, flavonoids, etc.) to give soybean oil a certain biological activity, and the resulting functional oils and fats not only have more market competitiveness and greatly increase the added value; however, these natural
  • the acquisition of functional substances itself requires a process of production, extraction, and preparation. Therefore, the production of such oil products has the drawback of long process flow or the need to purchase natural functional substance products at a higher cost for addition.
  • soybean meal For soybean meal, feed researchers and production companies often carry out microbial fermentation of soybean meal to further improve and improve the quality of soybean meal; however, the acquisition of fermented soybean meal requires the addition of water ingredients, raw material sterilization, inoculation fermentation, drying, etc. Links, while improving and improving the quality of soybean meal, have also greatly increased production costs. This is an important and urgent problem for the feed and aquaculture industry that requires strict cost control.
  • the present invention provides a method for fermenting puffed soybeans or other oil crops with edible and medicinal bacteria.
  • This method is to inoculate active polysaccharides, flavonoids, such as Ganoderma lucidum, golden ear, Hericium erinaceus, Cordyceps militaris, etc. into the fermentation substrate of oil-rich oil crops such as puffed soybeans, peanuts, rapeseed, etc.
  • Solid-state fermentation of edible and medicinal fungi such as triterpenoids and other biologically active substances to obtain oils and fats rich in flavonoids and triterpenoid carotenoids and oils rich in active polysaccharides, flavonoids and triterpenoids Crop meal;
  • the content of flavonoids in oils and fats obtained by this method can be as high as 0.302 mg/g
  • the content of triterpenoids can be as high as 65.663 mg/g
  • the content of active polysaccharides in oil crop meal can be as high as 60.651 mg/g
  • the content of the compounds can be as high as 1.599mg/g
  • the content of triterpenes can be as high as 14.225mg/g
  • the above active substances have biological activities such as anti-oxidation, delaying aging, enhancing immunity and preventing cancer; only one fermentation is required to use this method 1.
  • One-time oil squeezing which can simultaneously obtain fats and oil crop residues rich in biologically active ingredients without additional addition
  • the invention provides a method for fermenting soybeans or other oil crops by using edible and medicinal bacteria.
  • the method is to first inoculate edible and medicinal fungi into a fermentation medium for solid fermentation to obtain a fermented product after solid fermentation , And then squeeze the fermented material to obtain oil and oil crop residues;
  • the edible and medicinal fungus is an edible and medicinal fungus that can produce bioactive substances
  • the biologically active substance includes one or more of active polysaccharides, flavonoids or triterpenoids;
  • the components of the fermentation medium include oil crop powder and water;
  • the oil crop powder contains one or more of soybean puffed powder, soybean powder, peanut powder, rapeseed powder, castor powder or sesame powder.
  • the components of the fermentation medium include oil crop powders that account for 40-50% of the total mass of the fermentation medium and water that accounts for 50-60% of the total mass of the fermentation medium.
  • the components of the fermentation medium include oil crop powder that accounts for 40% of the total mass of the fermentation medium and water that accounts for 60% of the total mass of the fermentation medium.
  • the components of the fermentation medium include soybean expanded powder and water.
  • the edible and medicinal fungi comprise the edible and medicinal fungi comprise Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma lucidum), golden ear (Tremella aurantialba), hericium erinaceus (Hericium erinaceus) or Cordyceps sinensis (Cordyceps sinensis) ).
  • the edible and medicinal fungus is Ganoderma lucidum.
  • the conditions of the solid-state fermentation are a temperature of 25-30°C and a time of 10-20 days.
  • the conditions of the solid-state fermentation are a temperature of 30° C. and a time of 10 days.
  • the inoculation of the edible and medicinal fungus into the fermentation medium for solid state fermentation is to inoculate the edible and medicinal fungus seed liquid into the fermentation medium for solid state fermentation; the edible and medicinal fungus
  • the inoculation amount of the seed liquid in the fermentation medium is that the volume of the edible and medicinal fungal seed liquid accounts for 5 to 20% of the oil crop powder mass; the edible and medicinal fungal seed liquid is obtained by inoculating the edible and medicinal fungus into the seed medium Obtained through cultivation.
  • the 5-20% refers to inoculation of 5-20 mL of edible and medicinal fungal seed liquid per 100 g of oil crop powder.
  • the invention provides the fat and oil crop meal prepared by the above method.
  • the present invention provides products containing the above oils and/or oil crop residues.
  • the product includes feed, food, medicine or health products.
  • the oil and fat prepared by the method of the present invention is rich in bioactive substances such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, etc., wherein the content of flavonoids can be as high as 0.302 mg/g, and the content of triterpenoids can be as high as 65.663 mg/ g, therefore, the fat prepared by the method of the present invention has anti-cancer, anti-oxidation and other effects, and has great application prospects in the fields of food, medicine and health products;
  • the present invention directly inoculates edible and medicinal bacteria capable of producing biologically active components into a fermentation medium formed by mixing oil-rich oil crop powders such as puffed soybeans, peanuts, rapeseed, etc., with water for solid-state fermentation to obtain Functional oil rich in bioactive substances such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, simple operation and low cost;
  • the oil crop meal prepared by the method of the present invention such as soybean meal, peanut meal, rapeseed meal, etc.
  • the oil crop meal prepared by the method of the present invention is rich in active polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenoids and other biologically active substances, in which the active polysaccharide content can be as high as 60.651mg/g, the content of flavonoids can be as high as 1.599mg/g, and the content of triterpenoids can be as high as 14.225mg/g. Therefore, the oil crop meal prepared by the method of the present invention has the functions of anti-cancer and anti-oxidation, It has great application prospects in the preparation of high-quality feed;
  • Figure 1 Functional oils and fats extracted from puffed soybeans by solid fermentation of different food and medicine bacteria.
  • the Ganoderma lucidum 5.26, Golden ear, Hericium erinaceus, Cordyceps militaris involved in the following examples were all purchased from the China General Microbial Culture Collection Management Center, numbered CGMCC No. 5.26, CGMCC No. 5.506, CGMCC No. 5.111 and CGMCC No.3.15498; the soybean expanded powder involved in the following examples comes from Shandong Bohai Oil Industry Co., Ltd., peanuts and rapeseed are purchased from Wuxi farmers' Market (the above strain Ganoderma lucidum CGMCC No. 5.26, Golden Ear CGMCC No. 5.506, Hericium Mushroom CGMCC No. 5.111 and Cordyceps militaris CGMCC No. 3.15498 are both available for purchase and do not need to be preserved for patent procedures).
  • Seed medium (m/v) of edible and medicinal fungi peptone 1%, yeast powder 0.5%, glucose 2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.1%, VB 0.01%.
  • the fermented product after solid-state fermentation is dried at 50°C and dried to a water content of 5-10%; mixed with n-hexane at a mass ratio of 1:30, soaked and stirred for 24 h; suction filtration, and the filtrate is taken; using a rotary evaporator at 50°C Rotate the filtrate to obtain functional oil and oil crop meal.
  • Preparation of standard curve Weigh 12.5mg of rutin standard at 120°C dry and constant weight, add 50% ethanol to dissolve and dilute to 50mL, and prepare a standard with concentration of 0.25mg/mL; accurately absorb the standard solution 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5mL, placed in a 10mL colorimetric tube, add 0.2mL of 5% NaNO 2 solution in turn and shake it for 5min; add 0.2mL of 10% AL(NO 3 ) 3 solution And place for 6min; add 7mL of 1mol/L NaOH and shake well, dilute to the mark with 50% ethanol, shake well, the solution is brownish red and leave for 15min; take No. 0 as a blank control and measure its OD value at the absorbance wavelength of 510nm Draw a curve with absorbance A as the abscissa and concentration as the ordinate.
  • Standard curve preparation prepare 0.04g/L glucose standard solution, draw 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0mL standard products into 25mL colorimetric tubes, add 2.0 respectively , 1.8, 1.6, 1.4, 1.2, 1.0, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2, 0mL of deionized water, add 1mL of 60% phenol solution, and finally add 5mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, shake well, after cooling, the absorption wavelength is Measure its OD value at 490nm and draw a standard curve.
  • Preparation of standard curve Weigh 12.5mg of rutin standard at 120°C dry and constant weight, add 50% ethanol to dissolve and dilute to 50mL, and prepare a standard with concentration of 0.25mg/mL; accurately absorb the standard solution 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5mL, placed in a 10mL colorimetric tube, add 0.2mL of 5% NaNO 2 solution in turn and shake it for 5min; add 0.2mL of 10% AL(NO 3 ) 3 solution And place for 6min; add 7mL of 1mol/L NaOH and shake well, dilute to the mark with 50% ethanol, shake well, the solution is brownish red and leave for 15min; take No. 0 as a blank control and measure its OD value at the absorbance wavelength of 510nm Draw a curve with absorbance A as the abscissa and concentration as the ordinate.
  • Example 1 Using soybean expanded powder as raw material
  • the analysis results are shown in Table 2-4, where the blank group is the original soybean puffed powder without microbial fermentation.
  • the functional oils and fats obtained from the original soybean puffed powder, Group A, Group B, Group C, and Group D are shown in Figure 1.
  • the oils and fats extracted from the original soybean puffed powder are golden yellow; the functional oils and fats obtained from Group A are darker and darker. Brown; the functional oil and fat obtained in group B is lighter than group A and is light brown; the functional oil and fat obtained in group C is lighter than group B and is dark orange; the functional oil and fat obtained in group D is the lightest and light orange .
  • SFA saturated fatty acid
  • SUFA monounsaturated fatty acid
  • PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid
  • UFA unsaturated fatty acid
  • the functional oils and soybean meal obtained by further processing the fermented puffed soybeans with edible and medicinal bacteria are rich in biologically active substances.
  • the obtained functional oils and fats are rich in biologically active substances triterpenes and flavonoids.
  • the resulting soybean meal is rich in biologically active substances such as triterpenes, flavonoids and polysaccharides.
  • These biologically active substances endow oil to increase host immunity, prevent vascular sclerosis and inhibit tumors, anti-oxidation and inhibit free radicals and other physiological functions, and also make fermented soybean meal function The performance is improved, and the feeding value is improved.
  • Table 3-4 the content of different fatty acids in functional oils and fats is not obvious, but the content of unsaturated fatty acids is rich. It can be seen that the functional oils and fats prepared by the present invention have better health care effects.
  • Example 2 Using peanut powder as raw material
  • Substitute peanut flour for soybean puffed powder take 300g of fermentation medium in a 2500mL Erlenmeyer flask (sterilized at 121°C for 30min), and inoculate the seed liquid into the fermentation medium according to the fermentation parameters in Table 1 for solid fermentation to obtain Ferment.
  • the obtained fermented material is subjected to oil and fat extraction according to the method of analyzing functional oil and oil crop meal to obtain functional oil and fermented peanut meal; the obtained functional oil and fermented peanut meal are analyzed according to functional oil and oil crop meal After analysis by the method, it was found that both the functional oil and the fermented peanut meal were rich in bioactive substances. Among them, the obtained functional oil and fat were rich in bioactive substances triterpenes and flavonoids, and the obtained peanut meal was rich in bioactive substances. The presence of terpenes, flavonoids and polysaccharides, biologically active substances, not only endows the fat with certain physiological functions, but also improves the quality of peanut meal, and comprehensively enhances the nutritional value of fat and peanut meal.
  • Example 3 Using rapeseed meal as raw material
  • Substitute rapeseed powder for soybean puffed powder take 300g of fermentation medium in a 2500mL Erlenmeyer flask (sterilized at 121°C for 30min), inoculate the seed liquid into the fermentation medium according to the fermentation parameters of Table 1 for solid fermentation, The fermented material is obtained.
  • the obtained fermented material is subjected to oil and fat extraction according to the method of analyzing functional oil and fat crop meal to obtain functional oil and fermented rapeseed meal; the obtained functional oil and fermented rapeseed meal are processed according to the functional oil and oil crop meal After analysis, it was found that both the functional oil and the fermented rapeseed meal were rich in bioactive substances.
  • the obtained functional oil and fat were rich in bioactive substances triterpene and flavonoids
  • the obtained rapeseed meal was rich in
  • the biologically active substances triterpenes, flavonoids and polysaccharides the presence of biologically active substances not only endows the fat with a certain physiological function, but also improves the quality of rapeseed meal, and comprehensively enhances the nutritional value of fat and rapeseed meal.

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Abstract

利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，先将食药用真菌接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵，得到固态发酵后的发酵物，然后将发酵物进行榨油，得到油脂以及油料作物粕；所述食药用真菌为可产生物活性物质的食药用真菌；所述生物活性物质包含活性多糖、黄酮类化合物或三萜类化合物中的一种或多种；所述发酵培养基的成分包含油料作物粉末以及水；所述油料作物粉末包含大豆膨化粉、大豆粉、花生粉、菜籽粉、蓖麻粉或芝麻粉中的一种或多种。还涉及由上述方法制备得到的油脂和/或油料作物粕，以及含有所述油脂和/或油料作物粕的产品，所述产品包括饲料、食品、药品或保健品。

Description

利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，属于发酵技术领域。
背景技术
大豆，是世界重要的粮油兼用作物，且世界大豆产量的约85％都用于榨油，因此，大豆是全球植物油和蛋白饲料最主要的来源。现有的制备大豆油和豆粕的大豆加工工艺主要为将大豆先膨化处理，榨油得到大豆油，然后将残渣烘干获得豆粕。其榨得的大豆油是一种优良的食用油脂，具有很髙的营养价值，是人们日常生活中最为常见的食用油之一；其加工得到的大豆粕作为大豆制油后得到副产物，不仅产量巨大，且豆粕中蛋白含量高达45％以上，其中氨基酸组成较为合理，是养殖饲料优质植物蛋白源。
对于大豆油，目前，随着生活质量的不断提高，消费者对食用油脂的质量要求也越来越高，食用油脂研究者和生产企业为获得消费者的青睐，尝试在大豆油中添加天然功能性物质(如类胡萝卜素、角鲨烯、黄酮等)，以赋予大豆油一定的生物活性，其得到的产品功能性油脂不但更具市场竞争力并大幅度提高了附加值；然而，这些天然功能性物质的获得本身需要一个生产、提取、制备的过程，因此，该类油产品的生产存在着工艺流程长的缺陷或者需要以较高的成本购买天然功能性物质产品进行添加。
对于大豆粕，饲料研究者和生产企业往往通过对豆粕进行微生物发酵，以进一步改善和提高豆粕的品质；但是，发酵豆粕的获得需要进行加水配料、原料灭菌，接种发酵，烘干等多个环节，在改善和提高豆粕品质的同时也大幅度增加了生产成本，这对于需要严格控制成本的饲料和养殖行业来讲，是一个重要且亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种利用食药用菌对膨化大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法。此方法为通过在含如膨化大豆、花生、菜籽等的富含油脂的油料作物的发酵基质中接种如灵芝、金耳、猴头菇、蛹虫草等的可产活性多糖、黄酮类化合物、三萜类化合物等生物活性物质的食药用真菌进行固态发酵，以得到富含黄酮类化合物、三萜类化合物类胡萝卜素的油脂及富含活性多糖、黄酮类化合物、三萜类化合物的油料作物粕；利用此方法获得的油脂中的黄酮类化合物含量可高达0.302mg/g、三萜类化合物含量可高达65.663mg/g，油料作物粕中的活性多糖含量可高达60.651mg/g、黄酮类化合物含量可高达1.599mg/g、三 萜类化合物含量可高达14.225mg/g，且以上活性物质具有抗氧化、延缓衰老、增强免疫力、预防癌症等生物活性；利用此方法仅需一次发酵、一次榨油，无需额外添加即可同时得到富含生物活性成分的油脂以及油料作物粕，大幅度降低了功能性油脂及发酵油料作物粕的生产成本。
本发明的技术方案如下：
本发明提供了一种利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，所述方法为先将食药用真菌接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵，得到固态发酵后的发酵物，然后将发酵物进行榨油，得到油脂以及油料作物粕；
所述食药用真菌为可产生物活性物质的食药用真菌；
所述生物活性物质包含活性多糖、黄酮类化合物或三萜类化合物中的一种或多种；
所述发酵培养基的成分包含油料作物粉末以及水；
所述油料作物粉末包含大豆膨化粉、大豆粉、花生粉、菜籽粉、蓖麻粉或芝麻粉中的一种或多种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述发酵培养基的成分包含占发酵培养基总质量40～50％的油料作物粉末以及占发酵培养基总质量50～60％的水。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述发酵培养基的成分包含占发酵培养基总质量40％的油料作物粉末以及占发酵培养基总质量60％的水。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述发酵培养基的成分包含大豆膨化粉以及水。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述食药用菌包含所述食药用真菌包含灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)、金耳(Tremella aurantialba)、猴头菇(Hericium erinaceus)或蛹虫草(Cordyceps sinensis)中的一种或多种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述食药用菌为灵芝。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述固态发酵的条件为温度25～30℃、时间10～20d。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述固态发酵的条件为温度30℃、时间10d。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述将食药用真菌接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵为将食药用真菌种子液接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵；所述食药用真菌种子液在发酵培养基中的接种量为食药用真菌种子液体积占油料作物粉末质量的5～20％；所述食药用真菌种子液是通过将食药用真菌接种至种子培养基中进行培养获得的。所述5～20％是指每100g油料作物粉末中接种了5～20mL的食药用真菌种子液。
本发明提供了应用上述方法制备得到的油脂以及油料作物粕。
本发明提供了含有上述油脂和/或油料作物粕的产品。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述产品包含饲料、食品、药品或保健品。
有益效果：
(1)利用本发明的方法制备得到的油脂富含黄酮类化合物、三萜类化合物等生物活性物质，其中，黄酮类化合物含量可高达0.302mg/g、三萜类化合物含量可高达65.663mg/g，因此，利用本发明的方法制备得到的油脂具有抗癌、抗氧化等功效，在食品、药品以及保健品领域均具有极大的应用前景；
(2)现有的功能性油脂需先制备、提取得到营养成分，再将油脂与各种能够对人体健康起调节作用的营养成分进行调配才能得到，具有工艺复杂、成本较高的缺陷，而本发明通过直接将能够生产生物活性成分的食药用菌接种至如膨化大豆、花生、菜籽等的富含油脂的油料作物粉末与水混合而成的发酵培养基中进行固态发酵，得到了富含黄酮类化合物、三萜类化合物等生物活性物质的功能性油脂，操作简单、成本低；
(3)利用本发明的方法制备得到的如豆粕、花生粕、菜籽粕等的油料作物粕富含活性多糖、黄酮类化合物、三萜类化合物等生物活性物质，其中，活性多糖含量可高达60.651mg/g、黄酮类化合物含量可高达1.599mg/g、三萜类化合物含量可高达14.225mg/g，因此，利用本发明的方法制备得到的油料作物粕具有抗癌、抗氧化等功效，在制备优质饲料方面具有极大的应用前景；
(4)现有的饲料生产厂家常将这些榨油后油料作物灭菌后再与各种菌进行发酵以作成发酵豆粕饲料，这无疑为饲料的加工添加了灭菌、发酵等的额外工序，使得饲料的成本大幅度增加，而本发明通过直接将能够生产生物活性成分的食药用菌接种至如膨化大豆、花生、菜籽等的富含油脂的油料作物粉末与水混合而成的发酵培养基中进行固态发酵，榨油所获得的油料作物粕已经达到原有对油料作物粕发酵的目的和意义，同时减少了操作工序，有利于大幅度降低成本；
(5)为降低被饲养动物的成活率，饲料生产厂家常将大量的抗生素添加至饲料中，这无疑会造成大量抗生素在被饲养动物体内残留，给健康食品卫生安全造成隐患，而本发明通过直接将能够生产生物活性成分的食药用菌接种至如膨化大豆、花生、菜籽等的富含油脂的油料作物粉末与水混合而成的发酵培养基中进行固态发酵，得到了富含多糖、三萜、黄酮等的活性物质的，具有抗氧化、延缓衰老、增强免疫力、预防癌症抗等功效的油料作物粕，此油料作物粕有极大潜力完全或部分取代饲料中的抗生素，起到提高被饲养动物成活率的效果。
附图说明
图1：不同食药用菌固态发酵膨化大豆提取所得功能性油脂。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步的阐述。
下述实施例中涉及的灵芝5.26、金耳、猴头菇、蛹虫草均购自中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心，编号分别为CGMCC No.5.26、CGMCC No.5.506、CGMCC No.5.111以及CGMCC No.3.15498；下述实施例中涉及的大豆膨化粉来自山东渤海油脂工业有限公司，花生、菜籽均购自无锡农贸市场(上述菌株灵芝CGMCC No.5.26、金耳CGMCC No.5.506、猴头菇CGMCC No.5.111、蛹虫草CGMCC No.3.15498均可以购买得到，不需要进行用于专利程序的保藏)。
下述实施例中涉及的培养基如下：
食药用真菌的种子培养基(m/v)：蛋白胨1％、酵母粉0.5％、葡萄糖2％、磷酸二氢钾0.1％、七水硫酸镁0.1％、VB 0.01％。
下述实施例中涉及的检测方法如下：
功能性油脂和油料作物粕分析：
1、提取
固态发酵后的发酵物在50℃下进行干燥，烘干至含水量5-10％；与正己烷以1:30的质量比混合浸泡搅拌24h；抽滤，取滤液；用旋转蒸发仪50℃旋蒸滤液，得到功能性油脂和油料作物粕。
2、功能性油脂中的脂肪酸种类及其含量的测定
取50mg得到的功能性油脂加入2mL的0.5mol/L的NaOH-CH 3OH溶液；65℃水浴皂化30min；冷却至室温，加入2mL的14％的BF 3-CH 3OH溶液；65℃水浴皂化30min；冷却至室温，加入5mL的正己烷振荡3～4min提取脂肪酸甲酯；加入少许的无水Na 2SO 4进行脱水处理；10000r/min离心5min；取上层有机相过0.22μm的有机膜备用；在甲酯化过膜后的溶液中以1:1的体积比加入0.2mg/mL的十九烷酸甲酯溶液(以正己烷作为溶剂)作为内标；使用GC-MS对提取物中的脂肪酸的含量进行测定。
3、功能性油脂中的生物活性物质的提取与含量测定
(1)功能性油脂中黄酮类化合物的提取测定
准确称量200mg功能性油脂，加入4mL的70％的乙醇，在80℃水浴下提取2h；取1mL稀释适当倍数的黄酮提取物置于10mL比色管中，依次加入0.2mL 5％的NaNO 2溶液摇匀， 放置5min；加入0.2mL 10％Al(NO 3) 3溶液，放置6min；加入7mL的1mol/L NaOH摇匀，用50％乙醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，溶液呈棕红色，放置15min；以蒸馏水作为空白对照，在吸光波长为510nm处测其OD值带入标曲计算黄酮的含量；
标准曲线的制作：精密称取120℃干燥恒重的芦丁标准品12.5mg，加入50％的乙醇溶解并定容至50mL，配成浓度为0.25mg/mL的标准品；准确吸取标品溶液0.0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5mL，分别置于10mL比色管中，依次加入0.2mL 5％的NaNO 2溶液摇匀，放置5min；加入0.2mL 10％AL(NO 3) 3溶液，放置6min；加入7mL的1mol/L NaOH摇匀，用50％乙醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，溶液呈棕红色，放置15min；以0号作为空白对照，在吸光波长为510nm处测其OD值，以吸光度A为横坐标，浓度为纵坐标绘制曲线。
(2)功能性油脂中三萜类化合物的提取测定
精密称取功能性油脂0.2g，置于10mL容量瓶中，用甲醇溶解，定容至刻度，超声提取2h(每20min摇匀一次)；取1mL提取液于1.5mL的离心管中，4000rpm离心10min，取上清备用；取样品溶液0.1mL，沸水浴蒸干，再分别加入0.2mL的5％香草醛溶液和0.5mL的高氯酸，60℃水浴20min；转移入冰水浴中冷却，再加入5.0mL的冰醋酸，摇匀；利用分光光度计在吸光波长为548nm处测其OD值，带入标曲计算其含量；
标准曲线制作：精密吸取度0.1mg/mL熊果酸溶液，0.10mL、0.20mL、0.40mL、0.60mL、0.80mL、1.00mL、1.20mL置具塞10mL比色管中，水浴加热挥去溶剂，加入新配制的5％的香草醛-冰乙酸溶液0.2mL和0.8mL的高氯酸溶液，在65℃水浴加热15min，取出冰浴冷却，再加入5.0mL冰乙酸，摇匀放置15min，在548nm波长处测定；以吸收度(A)对浓度(C)进行线性回归，得回归方程。
4、油料作物粕中的生物活性物质的提取与含量测定
(1)油料作物粕中多糖的提取测定
取20mg油料作物粕加入4mL的水，在沸水浴中煮3h，10000r/min离心10分钟，取上清液定容待测；取100μL的上清溶液，加入1.9mL的去离子水，对照组为2mL的去离子水；加入1mL的60％的苯酚溶液；加入5mL的浓硫酸，摇匀；冷却后在吸光波长为490nm处测其OD值带入标曲计算多糖含量；
标准曲线制作：配制0.04g/L的葡萄糖标准溶液，分别吸取0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8、2.0mL标准品到25mL比色管中，分别加入2.0、1.8、1.6、1.4、1.2、1.0、0.8、0.6、0.4、0.2、0mL的去离子水，加入1mL的60％的苯酚溶液，最后加入5mL的浓硫酸，摇匀，冷却后在吸光波长为490nm处测其OD值，绘制标准品曲线。
(2)油料作物粕中黄酮类化合物的提取测定
取200mg油料作物粕加入4mL 70％乙醇，在80℃下提取2h；取1mL稀释适当倍数的黄酮提取物置于10mL比色管中，依次加入0.2mL 5％的NaNO 2溶液摇匀，放置5min；加入0.2mL 10％AL(NO 3) 3溶液，放置6min；加入7mL的1mol/L NaOH摇匀，用50％乙醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，溶液呈棕红色，放置15min；以蒸馏水作为空白对照，在吸光波长为510nm处测其OD值带入标曲计算黄酮的含量；
标准曲线的制作：精密称取120℃干燥恒重的芦丁标准品12.5mg，加入50％的乙醇溶解并定容至50mL，配成浓度为0.25mg/mL的标准品；准确吸取标品溶液0.0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5mL，分别置于10mL比色管中，依次加入0.2mL 5％的NaNO 2溶液摇匀，放置5min；加入0.2mL 10％AL(NO 3) 3溶液，放置6min；加入7mL的1mol/L NaOH摇匀，用50％乙醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，溶液呈棕红色，放置15min；以0号作为空白对照，在吸光波长为510nm处测其OD值，以吸光度A为横坐标，浓度为纵坐标绘制曲线。
(3)油料作物粕中三萜类化合物的提取测定
准确称取样品0.5g置于50mL的容量瓶中，加入35mL乙酸乙酯溶解，用超声震动提取30min，取出放冷至室温，用乙酸乙酯定容至刻度，摇匀，静置，过滤，弃去初滤液，保留续滤液，作为样品提取液备用；稀释适当倍数，在548nm波长处测定；
标准曲线制作：精密吸取度0.1mg/mL熊果酸溶液，0.10mL、0.20mL、0.40mL、0.60mL、0.80mL、1.00mL、1.20mL置具塞10mL比色管中，水浴加热挥去溶剂，加入新配制的5％的香草醛-冰乙酸溶液0.2mL和0.8mL的高氯酸溶液，在65℃水浴加热15min，取出冰浴冷却，再加入5.0mL冰乙酸，摇匀放置15min，在548nm波长处测定；以吸收度(A)对浓度(C)进行线性回归，得回归方程。
实施例1：以大豆膨化粉为原料
具体步骤如下：
(1)取80mL种子培养基置于250mL三角瓶中(121℃灭菌30min)，将4℃下保存的食药用真菌菌株取1cm 2的小方块接种到灭菌后液体种子培养基，于30℃、150r·min -1条件下培养7d，得到种子液；
(2)取300g的发酵培养基置于2500mL三角瓶中(121℃灭菌30min)，将种子液按照表1的发酵参数接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵，得到发酵物。
将得到的发酵产物按照功能性油脂和油料作物粕分析的方法进行油脂提取，得到功能性 油脂和发酵豆粕；将得到的功能性油脂和发酵豆粕按照功能性油脂和油料作物粕分析的方法进行分析，分析结果见表2-4，其中，空白组为不进行微生物发酵的原始大豆膨化粉。
原始大豆膨化粉、A组、B组、C组、D组得到的功能性油脂见图1，原始大豆膨化粉提取得到的油脂呈现金黄色；A组得到的功能性油脂颜色较深，为深棕色；B组得到的功能性油脂较A组浅，为浅棕色；C组得到的功能性油脂较B组浅，为深橘色；D组得到的功能性油脂颜色最浅，为浅橘色。
表1发酵参数
Figure PCTCN2018123845-appb-000001
表2功能性油脂和发酵豆粕中的生物活性物质的含量
Figure PCTCN2018123845-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2018123845-appb-000003
表3功能性油脂中的脂肪酸种类及其含量(mg/g功能性油脂)
Figure PCTCN2018123845-appb-000004
表4功能性油脂中的脂肪酸种类及其含量(mg/g功能性油脂)
Figure PCTCN2018123845-appb-000005
注：SFA为饱和脂肪酸；SUFA为单不饱和脂肪酸；PUFA为多不饱和脂肪酸；UFA为不饱和脂肪酸。
由表2可知，经过食药用菌发酵膨化大豆，进一步加工处理得到的功能性油脂、豆粕中均富含生物活性物质，其中，所得的功能性油脂中富含生物活性物质三萜、黄酮，所得的豆粕中富含生物活性物质三萜、黄酮和多糖，这些生物活性物质赋予油脂增加宿主免疫力、预防血管硬化及抑制肿瘤、抗氧化和抑制自由基等生理功能，也使得发酵豆粕的功能性得到改善，饲养价值得到提升；由表3-4可知，功能性油脂中不同脂肪酸含量变化不明显，而不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富，可见，本发明制备的功能性油脂具有更好的保健功效。
实施例2：以花生粉为原料
具体步骤如下：
(1)同实施例1；
(2)同实施例1；
(3)将花生放入热风循环烘箱，在50℃下进行干燥，洪干至含水量为5-10％，之后对其进行剥壳处理，把去壳后的花生磨成细粉，得到花生粉；
(4)以花生粉替代大豆膨化粉，取300g发酵培养基置于2500mL三角瓶中(121℃灭菌30min)，将种子液按照表1的发酵参数接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵，得到发酵物。
将得到的发酵物进行按照功能性油脂和油料作物粕分析的方法进行油脂提取，得到功能性油脂和发酵花生粕；将得到的功能性油脂和发酵花生粕按照功能性油脂和油料作物粕分析的方法进行分析后，发现功能性油脂和发酵花生粕中均富含生物活性物质，其中，所得的功能性油脂中富含生物活性物质三萜、黄酮，所得的花生粕中富含生物活性物质三萜、黄酮和多糖，生物活性物质的存在，既赋予了油脂一定的生理功能，又改良了花生粕的品质，全面提升了油脂和花生粕的营养价值。
实施例3：以菜籽粉为原料
具体步骤如下：
(1)同实施例1；
(2)同实施例1；
(3)将菜籽放入热风循环烘箱，在50℃下进行干燥，洪干至含水量为5-10％，之后对其进行剥壳处理，把去壳后的菜籽磨成细粉，得到菜籽粉；
(4)以菜籽粉替代大豆膨化粉，取300g发酵培养基置于2500mL三角瓶中(121℃灭菌30min)，将种子液按照表1的发酵参数接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵，得到发酵物。
将得到的发酵物进行按照功能性油脂和油料作物粕分析的方法进行油脂提取，得到功能性油脂和发酵菜籽粕；将得到的功能性油脂和发酵菜籽粕按照功能性油脂和油料作物粕分析的方法进行分析后，发现功能性油脂和发酵菜籽粕中均富含生物活性物质，其中，所得的功能性油脂中富含生物活性物质三萜、黄酮，所得的菜籽粕中富含生物活性物质三萜、黄酮和多糖，生物活性物质的存在，既赋予了油脂一定的生理功能，又改良了菜籽粕的品质，全面提升了油脂和菜籽粕的营养价值。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉此技术的人，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可做各种的改动与修饰，因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，其特征在于，所述方法为先将食药用真菌接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵，得到固态发酵后的发酵物，然后将发酵物进行榨油，得到油脂以及油料作物粕；
    所述食药用真菌为可产生物活性物质的食药用真菌；
    所述生物活性物质包含活性多糖、黄酮类化合物或三萜类化合物中的一种或多种；
    所述发酵培养基的成分包含油料作物粉末以及水；
    所述油料作物粉末包含大豆膨化粉、大豆粉、花生粉、菜籽粉、蓖麻粉或芝麻粉中的一种或多种；
    所述发酵培养基的成分包含占发酵培养基总质量40～50％的油料作物粉末以及占发酵培养基总质量50～60％的水；
    所述食药用真菌包含灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)、金耳(Tremella aurantialba)、猴头菇(Hericium erinaceus)或蛹虫草(Cordyceps sinensis)中的一种或多种；
    所述固态发酵的条件为温度25～30℃、时间10～20d；
    所述将食药用真菌接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵为将食药用真菌种子液接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵；所述食药用真菌种子液在发酵培养基中的接种量为食药用真菌菌液体积占油料作物粉末质量的5～20％；所述食药用真菌种子液是通过将食药用真菌接种至种子培养基中进行培养获得的。
  2. 一种利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，其特征在于，所述方法为先将食药用真菌接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵，得到固态发酵后的发酵物，然后将发酵物进行榨油，得到油脂以及油料作物粕；
    所述食药用真菌为可产生物活性物质的食药用真菌；
    所述生物活性物质包含活性多糖、黄酮类化合物或三萜类化合物中的一种或多种；
    所述发酵培养基的成分包含油料作物粉末以及水；
    所述油料作物粉末包含大豆膨化粉、大豆粉、花生粉、菜籽粉、蓖麻粉或芝麻粉中的一种或多种。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，其特征在于，所述发酵培养基的成分包含占发酵培养基总质量40～50％的油料作物粉末以及占发酵培养基总质量50～60％的水。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的一种利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，其特征在于，所述发酵培养基的成分包含占发酵培养基总质量40％的油料作物粉末以及占发酵培养基总质量60％的水。
  5. 如权利要求2-4任一所述的一种利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，其特征在于，所述发酵培养基的成分包含大豆膨化粉以及水。
  6. 如权利要求2-5任一所述的一种利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，其特征在于，所述食药用真菌包含灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)、金耳(Tremella aurantialba)、猴头菇(Hericium erinaceus)或蛹虫草(Cordyceps sinensis)中的一种或多种。
  7. 如权利要求2-6任一所述的一种利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，其特征在于，所述食药用菌为灵芝。
  8. 如权利要求2-7任一所述的一种利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，其特征在于，所述固态发酵的条件为温度25～30℃、时间10～20d。
  9. 如权利要求2-8任一所述的一种利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，其特征在于，所述固态发酵的条件为温度30℃、时间10d。
  10. 如权利要求2-9任一所述的一种利用食药用菌对大豆或其他油料作物进行发酵处理的方法，其特征在于，所述将食药用真菌接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵为将食药用真菌种子液接种至发酵培养基中进行固态发酵；所述食药用真菌种子液在发酵培养基中的接种量为食药用真菌菌液体积占油料作物粉末质量的5～20％；所述食药用真菌种子液是通过将食药用真菌接种至种子培养基中进行培养获得的。
  11. 应用权利要求2-10任一所述的方法制备得到的油脂以及油料作物粕。
  12. 含有权利要求11所述油脂和/或油料作物粕的产品。
  13. 如权利要求12所述产品，其特征在于，所述产品包含饲料、食品、药品或保健品。
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