WO2020108146A1 - 一种乐平霉素的制备方法及其中间体 - Google Patents

一种乐平霉素的制备方法及其中间体 Download PDF

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WO2020108146A1
WO2020108146A1 PCT/CN2019/111554 CN2019111554W WO2020108146A1 WO 2020108146 A1 WO2020108146 A1 WO 2020108146A1 CN 2019111554 W CN2019111554 W CN 2019111554W WO 2020108146 A1 WO2020108146 A1 WO 2020108146A1
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compound
formula
reaction
acid solution
hydroxyl protecting
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张绍勇
王继栋
张辉
李建宋
齐欢
滕云
白骅
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浙江海正药业股份有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/22Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

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  • the invention relates to the field of pesticides, in particular to a preparation method and intermediates of leucomycin.
  • Lepimectin (lepimectin), with the structural formula shown in formula V, is another successful 16-membered macrolide antibiotic developed by Sankyo Co., Ltd. and registered for use in Japan in 2006.
  • the product contains two effective components of Lepinin A3 and Lepinin A4, of which Lepinin A3 content is ⁇ 20% and Lepinin A4 content is ⁇ 80%.
  • Lepinicin is mainly used for agricultural pest control.
  • the target is Lepidoptera and Homoptera pests, such as Spodoptera litura, Plutella xylostella, Helicoverpa armigera, and mealybugs.
  • the main modes of action are stomach poisoning and contact.
  • rapamycin Compared with other avermectins, rapamycin has the advantage that it is not affected by temperature, it is more stable, and it has quick-acting properties. For example, the treatment of Spodoptera frugiperda showed symptoms after 6 hours, and soon died, showing 100% insecticidal activity.
  • the rapamycin toxicity test showed that the acute toxicity LD 50 of oral, transdermal and inhalation to rats was 1210mg/Kg, >2000mg/Kg, >5.15mg/L, which belonged to low-toxic pesticides.
  • leucomycin is less toxic and safer.
  • Leptomycin has higher insecticidal activity against certain targets, less dosage, and no cross resistance with Avermectin One of the pesticides. Therefore, leucomycin is a very promising variety.
  • This method uses mibemycin A4 as the starting material and undergoes 14, 15 epoxidation reactions and 5 hydroxyl groups Protective group, epoxy ring-opening reaction with azide acid, and finally remove the 5-hydroxy protecting group to obtain 15-hydroxymirbemycin A4, 15-hydroxymirbemycin A4 through conventional oxidants (such as manganese dioxide, etc.) Oxidation gives 15-hydroxy-5-ketomilbemycin A4.
  • the disadvantages of the above process are: 1. Long process route, Milbemycin fermentation unit is relatively low, and the cost is relatively high.
  • the raw material 15-hydroxy-5-ketomilbemycin A4 needs 5 steps from Milbemycin A4 as the starting material
  • the reaction is prepared, so the total yield of 13-( ⁇ -methoxyiminophenylacetoxy) Milbemycin A4 prepared from Milbemycin as the initial raw material is much lower than 26%.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an intermediate compound of formula III for the preparation of leucomycin:
  • R is a methyl group or ethyl group
  • G is a hydroxy protecting group, preferably a silicon ether protecting group or an allyloxycarbonyl group.
  • the silicon ether protecting group is selected from t-butyldimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl or triisopropylsilyl.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the compound of formula III:
  • R and G are as defined in formula III.
  • the hydroxyl protecting agent is selected from tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, tert-butyldiphenylchlorosilane, triisopropylchlorosilane or allyl chloroformate,
  • the molar ratio of the hydroxyl protecting agent to the compound of formula II is (3 to 5):1.
  • the reaction temperature of the compound of formula II with a hydroxyl protecting agent is -15 to 30°C, more preferably -10 to 25°C, and the reaction time is 3 to 8 hours.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an intermediate compound of formula II for the preparation of lepinmycin:
  • R is methyl or ethyl.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the compound of formula II.
  • the method includes the compound of formula I in an organic solvent under acidic conditions to obtain a compound of formula II by hydrolysis reaction:
  • R is methyl or ethyl.
  • the organic solvent is selected from methanol, isopropanol, n-butanol or acetone
  • the acidic solution under acidic conditions is selected from a sulfuric acid solution with a mass fraction greater than 90%, and a hydrochloric acid solution with a mass fraction greater than 30% Or an acetic acid solution with a mass fraction greater than 38%
  • the volume ratio of the organic solvent to the acid solution is 80:20 to 99:1, more preferably 90:10 to 95:5.
  • the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction is -10 to 100°C, more preferably 20 to 80°C, and the reaction time of the hydrolysis reaction is 3 to 15 hours.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the compound of formula V according to the compounds of formula II and formula III and their preparation methods provided above:
  • R and G are as defined in formula III.
  • the SN 2 reaction is a Mitsunobu reaction.
  • the azo reagent of the Mitsunobu reaction is selected from diethyl azodicarboxylate, diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate, and azodicarboxylic diacid P-chlorobenzyl ester or N,N,N',N'-tetramethylazodicarboxamide
  • Mitsunobu reaction phosphine compound is selected from triphenylphosphine, tributylphosphine or trimethylphosphine; azo reagent,
  • the molar ratio of the phosphine compound to the compound of formula III is (3-7):(3-7):1.
  • the solvent of the Mitsunobu reaction is selected from one or both of benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or methylene chloride
  • the temperature of the Mitsunobu reaction is -15 to 10°C, more preferably -5 to 0°C.
  • the catalyst in step (b) is p-toluenesulfonic acid or sodium borohydride, and the molar ratio of the catalyst to the compound of formula IV is (1 to 5): 1, more preferably (1 to 2): 1
  • the reaction temperature in the step (b) is -15 to 10°C, and the reaction time in the step (b) is 2 to 4 hours.
  • step (a) the following steps are further included:
  • R and G are as defined in formula III.
  • the organic solvent in the step (c) is selected from methanol, isopropanol, n-butanol or acetone
  • the acid solution in the acidic condition in the step (c) is selected from sulfuric acid with a mass fraction greater than 90%
  • the hydrochloric acid solution with a mass fraction greater than 30% or the acetic acid solution with a mass fraction greater than 38% the volume ratio of the organic solvent to the acid solution is 80:20 to 99:1, more preferably 90:10 to 95:5.
  • the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction in the step (c) is -10 to 100°C, more preferably 20 to 80°C, and the hydrolysis reaction time is 3 to 15 hours.
  • the hydroxyl protecting agent in step (d) is selected from tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, tert-butyldiphenylchlorosilane, triisopropylchlorosilane or chlorine
  • the molar ratio of the hydroxyl protecting agent to the compound of formula II is (3 to 5):1.
  • the reaction temperature of the compound of formula II and the hydroxyl protecting agent in the step (d) is -15-30°C, preferably -10-25°C, and the reaction time is 3-8 hours.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide the use of the compound of formula III or the compound of formula II in the preparation of rapamycin represented by formula V.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a formula II, formula III and preparation method provided above, and further provide a preferred method for preparing the compound of formula V, including the following steps:
  • R in the steps (1) to (4) is a methyl group or an ethyl group
  • G is a silicon ether protective group
  • the compound of formula I i.e., avermectin
  • 13-position carbon as a single configuration
  • the starting material respectively, acid-hydrolyzed to protect the 5-position hydroxyl group, and then the 13-position hydroxyl group and 2-methoxy
  • the aminophenylacetic acid undergoes SN 2 reaction, and finally the 5-position hydroxyl protecting group is removed to obtain a compound of formula V with 13-position carbon as ⁇ single configuration (ie: leucomycin).
  • the use of Milbemycin or its derivatives with lower fermentation units as starting materials for the preparation of leucomycin is not only costly, but also has a long process route.
  • the present invention uses avermectin as the starting material.
  • Leptomycin can be obtained through only 4 steps of reaction; among them, the fermentation unit of avermectin is higher, which not only reduces the production cost of leptomycin, but also shortens the reaction route and simplifies the production process.
  • Starting materials, intermediates or final products, the configuration of the 13-position carbon of their parent core maintains a single configuration after the completion of each step of the reaction, thus avoiding the need for chiral resolution after the reaction, simplifying After the operation, this not only benefits industrial production, but also improves the yield of the product.
  • the yield of the present invention can reach 45%.
  • SN 2 reaction Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.
  • the attacking group attacks from the back of the leaving group. If the attacked atom has chirality, the stereochemistry of the chiral atom after the reaction will reverse configuration.
  • Lepinin is a mixture of Lepinin A3 and Lepinin A4.
  • Avermectin refers to avermectin A represented by formula I-1 And avermectin B represented by formula I-2 mixture.
  • TBDMS refers to tert-butyldimethylsilyl.
  • v/v refers to the volume ratio
  • w/v refers to the weight to volume ratio
  • the reagents (analytical purity) required in the present invention were purchased from Sinopharm Group Reagent Co., Ltd.; silica gel (100-200 mesh) was purchased from Qingdao Ocean Chemical Factory; high-performance liquid chromatography (Agilent 1100, Zorbax SB-C18, 5 ⁇ m, 250 x9.4mm), Agilent, PaloAlto, CA, USA; Rotary Evaporator (Digital water SB-1000) was purchased from EYELA Japan; Superconducting Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Bruber AVANCE-400), purchased from Bruker, Rheinstetten, Germany.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种式V所示的乐平霉素的制备方法及其中间体,以天维菌素为起始原料,分别经过酸水解反应,5位羟基上保护基,然后与2-甲氧亚氨基苯乙酸经过SN2反应,最后脱除5位羟基保护基得到式V化合物。本发明具有成本低,纯度高,收率高和适合工业化生产的优点。

Description

一种乐平霉素的制备方法及其中间体 技术领域
本发明涉及农药领域,尤其涉及一种乐平霉素的制备方法及其中间体。
背景技术
乐平霉素(lepimectin),结构式如式V所示,是日本三共公司开发的又一个成功的16元大环内酯类抗生素,并于2006年在日本登记使用。该产品含有乐平霉素A3和乐平霉素A4两个有效组分,其中乐平霉素A3含量≤20%,乐平霉素A4含量≥80%。乐平霉素主要应用于农业害虫防治,靶标为鳞翅目和同翅目害虫,如斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾、棉铃虫和粉蚧类等,主要作用方式是胃毒和触杀。乐平霉素相较于其他阿维菌素类药物的优势在于不受温度影响,更稳定,具有速效性。如对灰翅夜蛾处理6h后即呈现症状,并很快死亡,呈现100%的杀虫活性。
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000001
乐平霉素A3:R=CH 3;乐平霉素A4:R=C 2H 5
乐平霉素毒性试验表明,对大鼠的经口、经皮和吸入急性毒性LD 50分别为1210mg/Kg,>2000mg/Kg,>5.15mg/L,属于低毒农药。与同类药物阿维菌素(avermectin),埃玛菌素(emamectin)及米尔贝霉素(milbemycin)相比,乐平霉素的毒性更小,安全性更高。另外,作为新型杀虫剂,与米尔贝霉素,阿维菌素相比,乐平霉素对某些靶标的杀虫活性更高,用量更少,且与阿维菌素等无交互抗性的杀虫剂之一。因此,乐平霉素是非常有开发潜力的品种。
现有技术制备乐平霉素工艺的最初始原料都是米尔贝霉素,如专利EP0675133B1,公开了如下反应通式:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000002
具体公开了:以15-羟基-5-酮米尔贝霉素A4为物料,经过碘化亚铜催化重排并酯化得到13-(α-甲氧亚氨基苯基乙酰氧基)-5-酮-米尔贝霉素A4,后经5位酮还原成羟基得到产物13-(α-甲氧亚氨基苯基乙酰氧基)米尔贝霉素A4。其中,15-羟基-5-酮米尔贝霉素A4是参考EP0147852公开的方法制备,该方法以米尔贝霉素A4为起始原料,分别经14,15位环氧化反应、5位羟基上保护基、与叠氮酸反应环氧开环,最后脱去5-羟基保护基得到15-羟基米尔贝霉素A4,15-羟基米尔贝霉素A4经常规的氧化剂(如二氧化锰等)氧化得到15-羟基-5-酮米尔贝霉素A4。上述工艺缺点是:1、工艺路线长,米尔贝霉素发酵单位较低,成本相对较高,无论是对于乐平霉素的产业化还是在农药市场上的推广应用都具有很大的限制;2、得到的终产物13-(α-甲氧亚氨基苯基乙酰氧基)米尔贝霉素A4母核中的13位碳以α构型和β构型的混合形式存在,需通过拆分技术得到13位为β构型的乐平霉素A4,不适合工业化大生产;3、以15-羟基-5-酮米尔贝霉素A4为原料制备13-(α-甲氧亚氨基苯基乙酰氧基)米尔贝霉素A4的工艺总收率较低,约为26%,其中,原料15-羟基-5-酮米尔贝霉素A4还需由米尔贝霉素A4为起始原料经过5步反应制备得到,因此从米尔贝霉素为最初始的原料制备13-(α-甲氧亚氨基苯基乙酰氧基)米尔贝霉素A4总收率远低于26%。
综上所述,为加快乐平霉素的推广和应用,需要寻找一种生产路线较短,成本低,收率高,适合工业化大生产的乐平霉素制备工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种制备乐平霉素的中间体式III化合物:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000003
其中:R为甲基或乙基,G为羟基保护基,优选硅醚类保护基或烯丙氧羰基。
本发明的优选方案,所述硅醚类保护基选自叔丁基二甲基硅基、三甲基硅基、叔丁基二苯基硅基或三异丙基硅基。
本发明的目的之一是提供式III化合物的制备方法:
式II化合物与羟基保护剂反应得到式III化合物:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000004
其中,R和G的定义如式III中所述。
本发明的优选方案,所述羟基保护剂选自叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷、三甲基氯硅烷、叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷、三异丙基氯硅烷或氯甲酸烯丙酯,所述羟基保护剂与式II化合物的摩尔比为(3~5):1。
本发明的优选方案,所述式II化合物与羟基保护剂反应的温度为-15~30℃,更优选-10~25℃,反应的时间为3~8小时。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种制备乐平霉素的中间体式II化合物:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000005
其中,R为甲基或乙基。
本发明的目的之一是提供式II化合物的制备方法,所述方法包括式I化合物在有机溶剂中,在酸性条件下经过水解反应得到式II化合物:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000006
其中,R为甲基或乙基。
本发明的优选方案,所述有机溶剂选自甲醇,异丙醇,正丁醇或丙酮,所述酸性条件的酸溶液选自质量分数大于90%的硫酸溶液,质量分数大于30%的盐酸溶液或质量分数大于38%的醋酸溶液,有机溶剂与酸溶液的体积比为80:20~99:1,更优选90:10~95:5。
本发明的优选方案,所述水解反应的温度为-10~100℃,更优选20~80℃,水解反应的反应时间为3~15小时。
本发明的目的之一是根据上述提供的式II和式III化合物及其制备方法,从而提供一种制备式V化合物的方法:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000007
包括以下步骤:
(a)式III化合物与2-甲氧亚氨基苯乙酸经过SN 2反应得到式IV化合物:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000008
(b)式IV化合物在催化剂的作用下脱去羟基保护基G得到化合物V:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000009
其中:R和G的定义如式III中所述。
本发明的优选方案,所述SN 2反应为Mitsunobu反应。
本发明的优选方案,所述Mitsunobu反应的偶氮试剂选自偶氮二甲酸二乙酯,偶氮二羧酸二异丙酯,偶氮二羧酸二叔丁酯,偶氮二羧酸二对氯苄酯或N,N,N',N'-四甲基偶氮二羧酰胺,Mitsunobu反应的膦化合物选自三苯基膦,三丁基膦或三甲基膦;偶氮试剂,膦化合物和所述 式III化合物的摩尔比为(3~7):(3~7):1。
本发明的优选方案,所述Mitsunobu反应的溶剂选自苯,甲苯,四氢呋喃,乙腈,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺或二氯甲烷中一种或两种,所述Mitsunobu反应的温度为-15~10℃,更优选-5~0℃。
本发明的优选方案,所述步骤(b)的催化剂为对甲苯磺酸或硼氢化钠,催化剂与式IV化合物的摩尔比为(1~5):1,更优选(1~2):1,所述步骤(b)的反应温度为-15~10℃,步骤(b)的反应时间为2~4小时。
本发明的优选方案,所述步骤(a)之前还包括以下步骤:
(c)、式I化合物在有机溶剂中,在酸性条件下经过水解反应得到式II化合物:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000010
(d)、式II化合物与羟基保护剂反应得到式III化合物:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000011
其中,R和G的定义如式III中所述。
本发明的优选方案,所述步骤(c)中有机溶剂选自甲醇,异丙醇,正丁醇或丙酮,所述步骤(c)中酸性条件的酸溶液选自质量分数大于90%的硫酸溶液,质量分数大于30%的盐酸溶液或质量分数大于38%的醋酸溶液,有机溶剂与酸溶液的体积比为80:20~99:1,更优选90:10~95:5。
本发明的优选方案,所述步骤(c)中水解反应的温度为-10~100℃,更优选20~80℃,水解反应的时间为3~15小时。
本发明的优选方案,所述步骤(d)中羟基保护剂选自叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷、三甲基氯硅烷、叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷、三异丙基氯硅烷或氯甲酸烯丙酯,所述羟基保护剂与式II化合物的摩尔比为(3~5):1。
本发明的优选方案,所述步骤(d)中式II化合物与羟基保护剂反应的温度为-15~30℃,优选-10~25℃,反应的时间为3~8小时。
本发明的目的之一在于提供式III化合物或式II化合物在制备式V所示的乐平霉素中的用途。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种根据上述提供的式II、式III及制备方法,进而提供一种优选的制备式V化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、在甲醇与浓硫酸的混合溶剂中,式I化合物水解得到式II化合物:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000012
(2)、在二氯甲烷溶剂中,式II化合物与羟基保护剂反应得到式III化合物:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000013
(3)、在甲苯和四氢呋喃的混合溶剂中,式III化合物与2-甲氧亚氨基苯乙酸经过Mitsunobu反应得到式IV化合物:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000014
(4)、在甲醇溶剂中,式IV化合物在对甲苯磺酸或硼氢化钠的作用下脱去羟基保护基G得到式V所示的乐平霉素:
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000015
其中,步骤(1)~步骤(4)中的R为甲基或乙基,G为硅醚类保护基。
本发明的优点:
本发明首次以13位碳为α单一构型的式I化合物(即:天维菌素)为起始原料,分别经酸水解,5位羟基上保护,然后13位羟基与2-甲氧亚氨基苯乙酸经过SN 2反应,最后脱除5位羟基保护基得到13位碳为β单一构型的式V化合物(即:乐平霉素)。现有技术使用发酵单位较低的米尔贝霉素或其衍生物为起始原料制备乐平霉素不仅成本较高,而且工艺路线也较长,而本发明以天维菌素为起始原料,仅通过4步反应就能得到乐平霉素;其中,天维菌素的发酵单位较高,不仅降低了乐平霉素的生产成本,而且缩短了反应路线,简化了生产工艺,且本发明无论是起始原料,中间体还是终产物,它们母核13位碳的构型在每个步骤反应结束后都保持单一的构型,因此避免了在反应结束后进行需手性拆分的操作,简化了操作,这不仅有利于工业化生产,而且提高了产物的收率,本发明的收率可达45%。
本发明中所涉及的部分术语定义如下:
SN 2反应:双分子亲核取代反应,进攻基团从离去基团的背面进攻,受进攻的原子如果 具有手性,则反应后的手性原子的立体化学发生构型翻转。
乐平霉素是指乐平霉素A3和乐平霉素A4的混合物。
天维菌素是指式I-1所示的天维菌素A
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000016
和式I-2所示的天维菌素B
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000017
的混合物。
TBDMS是指叔丁基二甲基硅基。
v/v是指体积比。
w/v是指重量体积比。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容做进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为对本发明的限制。
参考专利CN106459885A的发酵工艺,和其分离天维菌素A和天维菌素B的方法制备得到本发明的原料天维菌素,其中天维菌素B含量85%,天维菌素A含量11%,HPLC(流动相为乙腈:水=90:10,v/v)纯度为96%;
本发明中所需试剂(分析纯)均购自国药集团试剂有限公司;硅胶(100-200目)购自青岛海洋化工厂;高效液相色谱仪(Agilent 1100,Zorbax SB-C18,5μm,250 x 9.4mm i.d),Agilent,Palo Alto,CA,USA;旋转蒸发仪(Digital water bath SB-1000)购自日本EYELA公司;超导核磁共振仪(Bruber AVANCE-400),购自Bruker,Rheinstetten,Germany。
实施例1 2-甲氧基亚氨基苯乙酸的合成
将50g(0.030mol)苯甲酰甲酸乙酯溶于含33g甲氧氨基盐酸盐的350mL甲醇溶液中,80℃回流8h,TLC检测反应完全,乙酸乙酯萃取(3×100mL),浓缩后硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱体 系为甲醇:氯仿=1:9(v/v),得2-甲氧基亚氨基苯乙酸乙酯53.6g,收率91%。
将53.6g 2-甲氧基亚氨基苯乙酸乙酯溶于500mL四氢呋喃与水的混合液(v:v=1:1)中,缓慢加入15mL一水氢氧化锂,25℃搅拌5h,加入10M盐酸中和至中性,乙酸乙酯萃取(3×300mL),有机层用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸馏至干,硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=2:3(v/v),得2-甲氧基亚氨基苯乙酸47.92g,ESI-MS:m/z 180.36[M+H] +,收率96.4%,HPLC纯度95%。
实施例2式II-1化合物的制备
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000018
将式I-1化合物(天维菌素A)20g(0.024mol)加入到250mL甲醇和95%的硫酸(90:10,v/v)混合溶液中,氮气保护下,25℃搅拌15h,然后向反应液中加入100mL冰水稀释,二氯甲烷萃取3次(3×100mL),有机层分别用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和水洗涤,合并有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,45℃下减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析分离,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3(v/v),得式II-1化合物12.5g,ESI-MS:m/z 545.2[M+H] +,收率96%。
实施例3式III-1化合物的制备
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000019
将10g(0.0184mol)式II-1化合物溶于75mL干燥的二氯甲烷中,加入6.25g(0.0918mol)咪唑,25℃搅拌至所有原料溶解,再加入11g(0.073mol)叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷,25℃继续搅拌3h,反应物浓缩至干,硅胶柱层析梯度洗脱,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6-1:3(v/v),得式III-1化合物11.8g,ESI-MS:m/z 659.4[M+H] +,收率97.4%。
实施例4式V-1化合物(乐平霉素A3)的制备
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000020
将2-甲氧基亚氨基苯乙酸11.6g(0.0607mol)、式III-1化合物10g(0.0152mol)和三丁基膦9.25g(0.0457mol)溶于200mL甲苯与四氢呋喃(5:1,v/v)的混合液中,-15℃逐滴加入8g(0.0459mol)偶氮二甲酸二乙酯,滴加完毕后,恢复至10℃搅拌反应8h,用乙醚或正己烷稀释,过滤除去三苯基膦氧化物,滤液减压浓缩,粗产物硅胶柱层析,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=10:90(v/v),得式IV-1化合物6.1g,ESI-MS:m/z 820.4[M+H] +,收率48.9%。
将2g(0.0030mol)式IV-1化合物在-15℃条件下加入到0.83%(w/v)的对甲苯磺酸(1.0g,0.0058mol)的甲醇溶液120mL中,10℃搅拌反应2h,饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取(3×50mL),合并有机层,并依次用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,减压浓缩后用硅胶柱层析分离,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=1:5(v/v),得式V-1化合物,即乐平霉素A32.0g,收率94.5%,HPLC纯度97.3%(流动相为乙腈:水=90:10)。乐平霉素A3理化性质和表征数据如下:
外观:白色粉末;
熔点:150-152℃;
ESI-MS m/z 706.34[M+H] +
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δppm:3.28(1H,br,s,H-2),5.40(1H,s,H-3),4.30(1H,d,J=6.0Hz,H-5),3.97(1H,d,J=6.3Hz,H-6),5.81(2H,m,H-9,H-10),5.40(1H,m,H-11),2.63(1H,m,H-12),5.20(1H,br d,J=10.2Hz,H-13),5.55(1H,dd,J=11.3,2.5Hz,H-15),2.33(1H,m,H-16a),2.44(1H,m,H-16b),3.63(1H,m,H-17),0.90(1H,q,J=11.9Hz,H-18a),1.73(1H,m,H-18b),5.40(1H,m,H-19),1.36(1H,t,J=12.2Hz,H-20a),2.03(1H,dd,J=12.2,4.2Hz,H-20b),1.51(1H,m,H-22a),1.69(1H,m,H-22b),1.51(2H,m,H-23),1.36(1H,m,H-24),3.31(1H,m,H-25),1.88(3H,br s,H-26),4.65(1H,d,J=12.1Hz,H-27a),4.71(1H,d,J=12.1Hz,H-27b),1.10(3H,d,J=6.0Hz,H-28),1.55(3H,br s,H-29),0.84(3H,d,J=6.4Hz,H-30),1.17(3H,d,J=6.0Hz,H-31),7.33-7.52(5H,H-phenyl),3.97(3H,s,OCH 3)。
实施例5式II-2化合物的制备
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000021
将式I-2化合物(天维菌素B)10g(0.0118mol)加入到150mL甲醇和95%的硫酸(90:10,v/v)混合溶液中,氮气保护下,80℃搅拌3h,然后向反应液中加入60mL冰水稀释,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×100mL),有机层分别用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和水洗涤,合并有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,45℃下减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析分离,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3(v/v),得式II-2化合物6.46g,ESI-MS:m/z 559.1[M+H] +,收率98%。
实施例6式III-2化合物的制备
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000022
将5g(0.0089mol)式II-2化合物溶于50mL干燥二氯甲烷中,加入2.5g(0.0367mol)咪唑,搅拌至所有原料溶解,再加入6.75g(0.0448mol)叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷,-10℃搅拌8h,反应物浓缩至干,硅胶柱层析梯度洗脱,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6-1:3(v/v),得式III-2化合物5.90g,ESI-MS:m/z 673.2[M+H] +,收率98%。
实施例7式V-2化合物(乐平霉素A4)的制备
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000023
将2-甲氧基亚氨基苯乙酸3.2g(0.0167mol)、式III-2化合物5.90g(0.0087mol)和三苯基膦12g(0.0457mol)溶于200mL甲苯与四氢呋喃(5:1,v/v)的混合液中,0℃下逐滴加入10g(0.0574mol)偶氮二甲酸二乙酯,滴加完毕后,恢复至10℃搅拌反应3h,用乙醚或正己烷稀释,过滤除去三苯基膦氧化物,滤液减压浓缩,粗产物硅胶柱层析,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=10:90(v/v),得式IV-2化合物43.58g,ESI-MS:m/z 834.4[M+H] +,收率49%。
将2g(0.0024mol)式IV-2化合物在冰水浴条件下加入到1%(w/v)的对甲苯磺酸(1.2g,0.007mol)的甲醇溶液120mL中,10℃条件下反应2h,饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取(3×50mL),合并有机层,并依次用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,减压浓缩后用硅胶柱层析分离,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=1:5(v/v),得式V-2化合物,即乐平霉素A41.69g,收率97.9%,HPLC纯度98.6%(流动相为乙腈:水=90:10)。乐平霉素A4理化性质和表征数据如下:
外观:白色粉末;
熔点:152-154℃;
ESI-MS m/z 719.99[M+H] +;m/z 743.23[M+Na] +
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δppm:3.27(1H,br,s,H-2),5.40(1H,s,H-3),4.30(1H,d,J=5.9Hz,H-5),3.96(1H,d,J=6.2Hz,H-6),5.82(2H,m,H-9,H-10),5.40(1H,m,H-11),2.62(1H,m,H-12),5.20(1H,br d,J=10.5Hz,H-13),5.53(1H,dd,J=11.5,2.5Hz,H-15),2.31(1H,m,H-16a),2.42(1H,m,H-16b),3.62(1H,m,H-17),0.90(1H,q,J=11.9Hz,H-18a),1.72(1H,m,H-18b),5.40(1H,m,H-19),1.36(1H,t,J=12.2Hz,H-20a),2.03(1H,dd,J=12.2,4.2Hz,H-20b),1.51(1H,m,H-22a),1.69(1H,m,H-22b),1.51(2H,m,H-23),1.36(1H,m,H-24),3.07(1H,t,J=8.2Hz,H-25),1.87(3H,br s,H-26),4.65(1H,d,J=14.6Hz,H-27a),4.71(1H,d,J=14.6Hz,H-27b),1.10(3H,d,J=6.4Hz,H-28),1.55(3H,br s,H-29),0.83(3H,d,J=6.4Hz,H-30),1.38(1H,m,H-31a),1.69(1H,m,H-31b),1.00(3H,t,J=7.2Hz,H-32),7.33-7.52(5H,H-phenyl),3.97(3H,s,OCH 3)。
实施例8乐平霉素的制备
将5g天维菌素加入到75mL甲醇和95%的硫酸(90:10,v/v)混合溶液中,在氮气保护下,25℃搅拌10h,后加入40mL冰水稀释,二氯甲烷萃取(3×80mL),有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和清水洗涤,合并有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,45℃减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析分离,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3(v/v),得式II-1化合物和式II-2化合物的混合物3.23g,收率98%。
将2g式II-1化合物和式II-2化合物的混合物溶于25mL干燥二氯甲烷中,加入1.1g咪唑, 25℃搅拌至所有原料溶解,再加入1.65g(0.011mol)叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷,25℃搅拌3h,反应物浓缩至干,硅胶柱层析梯度洗脱,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6-1:3(v/v),得式III-1化合物和式III-2化合物的混合物2.36g,收率98%。
将2-甲氧亚氨基-苯乙酸9.55g(0.05mol),式III-1化合物和式III-2化合物的混合物2.2g和三丁基膦4.2g(0.021mol)溶于150mL甲苯与四氢呋喃(5:1,v/v)的混合液中,0℃下逐滴加入3.5g(0.02mol)偶氮二羧酸二异丙酯,滴加完毕后,0℃搅拌反应5h,用乙醚稀释,过滤除去三苯基膦氧化物,滤液减压浓缩,粗产物硅胶柱层析,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=10:90(v/v),得式IV-1化合物和式IV-2化合物的混合物1.33g,收率48.7%。
将1g式IV-1化合物和式IV-2化合物的混合物加入到1%(w/v)的60mL对甲苯磺酸的甲醇溶液中,0℃条件下反应约2.5h,饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取(3×50mL),合并有机层,并依次用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤减压浓缩后用硅胶柱层析分离,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=1:5(v/v),得乐平霉素0.84g,收率97%,HPLC纯度97%。实施例9乐平霉素的制备
将50g天维菌素加入到750mL甲醇和95%的硫酸(99:1,v/v)混合溶液中,在氮气保护下,50℃搅拌8h,后加入500mL冰水稀释,二氯甲烷萃取(3×500mL),有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和清水洗涤,合并有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,45℃减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析分离,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3(v/v),得式II-1化合物和式II-2化合物的混合物29.5g,收率90%。
将20g上述式II-1化合物和式II-2化合物的混合物溶于1000mL干燥二氯甲烷中,加入11g(0.162mol)咪唑,25℃搅拌至所有原料溶解,再加入16.2g(0.108mol)叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷,25℃搅拌8h,反应物浓缩至干,硅胶柱层析分离,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6-1:3(v/v),得式III-1化合物和式III-2化合物的混合物14.98g,收率94%。
将2-甲氧亚氨基-苯乙酸5.68g(0.03mol)、式III-1化合物和式III-2化合物的混合物10g和三丁基膦9.0g(0.044mol)溶于150mL甲苯与四氢呋喃(5:1,v/v)的混合液中,-5℃下逐滴加入偶氮二羧酸二异丙酯9.2g(0.046mol),滴加完毕后,恢复至5℃搅拌反应8h,用乙醚稀释,过滤除去三丁基膦氧化物,滤液减压浓缩,粗产物硅胶柱层析,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=10:90(v/v),得式IV-1化合物和式IV-2化合物的混合物5.0g,收率40.3%。
将上述5g式IV-1化合物和式IV-2化合物的混合物加入到2%(w/v)的对甲苯磺酸(1.2g,0.007mol)的甲醇溶液60mL,-15℃条件下反应约4h,饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃 取(3×100mL),合并有机层,并依次用水、饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤减压浓缩后用硅胶柱层析分离,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=1:5(v/v),得乐平霉素4.0g,收率92.7%,HPLC纯度97%。
实施例10乐平霉素的制备
Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-000024
将5g天维菌素加入到75mL甲醇和36%的盐酸(80:20,v/v)混合溶液中,在氮气保护下,20℃搅拌15h,后加入200mL冰水稀释,二氯甲烷萃取(3×50mL),有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和清水洗涤,合并有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,45℃减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析分离, 洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3(v/v),得式II-1化合物和式II-2化合物的混合物3.0g,收率91%。
将3.0g上述式II-1化合物和式II-2化合物的混合物置于干燥的三口烧瓶中,加入5mL二氯甲烷溶解,氮气保护-15℃条件下,加入四甲基乙二胺0.65g(0.0056mol),缓慢滴加氯甲酸烯丙酯2.0g(0.0166mol,溶于2mL二氯甲烷中),搅拌,反应3h后,加入50mL2%磷酸溶液终止反应,二氯甲烷萃取(3×50mL),无水硫酸钠干燥,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,45℃减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析梯度洗脱,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5-1:3(v/v),得式III-3化合物和式III-4化合物的混合物3.1g,收率90%。
将2-甲氧亚氨基-苯乙酸1.8g(0.009mol)、式III-3化合物和式III-4化合物的混合物3g(0.0047mol)和三苯基膦6.1g(0.023mol)溶于50mL二甲基甲酰胺与四氢呋喃(3:1,v/v)的混合液中,0℃逐滴加入偶氮二甲酸二乙酯4.1g(0.023mol),滴加完毕后,恢复至10℃搅拌反应8h,用乙醚稀释,过滤除去三苯基膦氧化物,滤液减压浓缩,粗产物硅胶柱层析,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=10:90(v/v),得式IV-3化合物和式IV-4化合物的混合物1.3g,收率35%。
将上述式IV-3化合物和式IV-4化合物的混合物1.3g溶于100mL甲醇中,在0℃条件下加入硼氢化钠60mg(0.0016mol),搅拌反应约4h,TLC检测。碳酸氢钠饱和溶液洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取(3×80mL),合并有机层并依次用水、饱和食盐水洗,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤浓缩后用硅胶柱层析梯度洗脱,洗脱体系为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=1:5-1:3(v/v)分离,得乐平霉素1.12g,收率96%,HPLC纯度96%。
等同方案和范围
上面已经描述了本发明的一些非限制性优选实施方案。本领域技术人员,可以在不背离权利要求书界定的本发明实质范围的情况下对该描述作出多种不同改变和修饰。这些改变和修饰也应视为本发明保护的范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种式III所示的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-100001
    其中:R为甲基或乙基,G为羟基保护基,优选硅醚类保护基或烯丙氧羰基。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的式III化合物,其特征在于,所述硅醚类保护基选自叔丁基二甲基硅基、三甲基硅基、叔丁基二苯基硅基或三异丙基硅基。
  3. 一种制备权利要求1或2中所述式III化合物的方法,其特征在于,式II化合物与羟基保护剂反应得到式III化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-100002
    其中,R和G的定义如权利要求1中所述。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述羟基保护剂选自叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷、三甲基氯硅烷、叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷、三异丙基氯硅烷或氯甲酸烯丙酯,所述羟基保护剂与式II化合物的摩尔比为(3~5):1。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述式II化合物与羟基保护剂反应的温度为-15~30℃,优选-10~25℃,反应的时间为3~8小时。
  6. 一种式II所示的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-100003
    其中,R为甲基或乙基。
  7. 一种制备权利要求6所述式II化合物的方法,所述方法包括式I化合物在有机溶剂中,在酸性条件下经过水解反应得到式II化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-100004
    其中,R为甲基或乙基。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂选自甲醇,异丙醇,正丁醇或丙酮,所述酸性条件的酸溶液选自质量分数大于90%的硫酸溶液,质量分数大于30%的盐酸溶液或质量分数大于38%的醋酸溶液,有机溶剂与酸溶液的体积比为80:20~99:1,优选90:10~95:5。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述水解反应的温度为-10~100℃,优选20~80℃,水解反应的时间为3~15小时。
  10. 一种制备式V所示的乐平霉素的方法:
    Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-100005
    其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    (a)式III化合物与2-甲氧亚氨基苯乙酸经过SN 2反应得到式IV化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-100006
    (b)式IV化合物在催化剂的作用下脱去羟基保护基G得到式V化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-100007
    其中:R和G的定义如权利要求1中所述。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述SN 2反应为Mitsunobu反应。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述Mitsunobu反应的偶氮试剂选自偶氮二甲酸二乙酯,偶氮二羧酸二异丙酯,偶氮二羧酸二叔丁酯,偶氮二羧酸二对氯苄酯或N,N,N',N'-四甲基偶氮二羧酰胺,Mitsunobu反应的膦化合物选自三苯基膦,三丁基膦或三甲基膦;偶氮 试剂,膦化合物和所述式III化合物的摩尔比为(3~7):(3~7):1。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述Mitsunobu反应的溶剂选自苯,甲苯,四氢呋喃,乙腈,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺或二氯甲烷中一种或两种,所述Mitsunobu反应的温度为-15~10℃,优选-5~0℃。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(b)的催化剂为对甲苯磺酸或硼氢化钠,催化剂与式IV化合物的摩尔比为(1~5):1,优选(1~2):1,所述步骤(b)的反应温度为-15~10℃,步骤(b)的反应时间为2~4小时。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(a)之前还包括以下步骤:
    (c)、式I化合物在有机溶剂中,在酸性条件下经过水解反应得到式II化合物::
    Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-100008
    (d)、式II化合物与羟基保护剂反应得到式III化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2019111554-appb-100009
    其中,R和G的定义如权利要求1中所述。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(c)中有机溶剂选自甲醇,异丙醇,正丁醇或丙酮,所述步骤(c)中酸性条件的酸溶液选自质量分数大于90%的硫酸溶液,质量分数大于30%的盐酸溶液或质量分数大于38%的醋酸溶液,有机溶剂与酸溶液的体积比为80:20~99:1,优选90:10~95:5。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(c)中水解反应的温度为-10~100℃,优选20~80℃,水解反应的时间为3~15小时。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(d)中羟基保护剂选自叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷、三甲基氯硅烷、叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷、三异丙基氯硅烷或氯甲酸烯丙酯,所述羟基保护剂与式II化合物的摩尔比为(3~5):1。
  19. 根据权利要求15或18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(d)中式II化合物与羟基保护剂反应的温度为-15~30℃,优选-10~25℃,反应的时间为3~8小时。
  20. 权利要求1所述的式III化合物或权利要求6所述的式II化合物在制备式V所示的乐平霉素中的用途。
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