WO2020098149A1 - 一种零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020098149A1
WO2020098149A1 PCT/CN2019/071975 CN2019071975W WO2020098149A1 WO 2020098149 A1 WO2020098149 A1 WO 2020098149A1 CN 2019071975 W CN2019071975 W CN 2019071975W WO 2020098149 A1 WO2020098149 A1 WO 2020098149A1
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compound feed
zero
feed
shrimp fry
shrimp
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PCT/CN2019/071975
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
洪越群
洪宇聪
洪宇建
孙恺辉
赵书燕
王晓珊
蔡晓敏
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广东越群海洋生物研究开发有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/071975 priority Critical patent/WO2020098149A1/zh
Priority to EP19872252.2A priority patent/EP3874966B1/en
Priority to CN201980003109.1A priority patent/CN110868869A/zh
Publication of WO2020098149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020098149A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of open bait, in particular to a zero-starch adhesive-free shrimp seedling open compound feed and a preparation method thereof.
  • Shrimp is an arthropod that lives in water. It is an arthropod crustacean with many types, including Antarctic red shrimp, green shrimp, river shrimp, grass shrimp, prawn, shrimp, lobster and so on. Shrimp has high nutritional value in food therapy, can be steamed, fried, etc., and can be used as Chinese herbal medicine.
  • Open feed is the bait eaten by animal seedlings for the first time.
  • the open feed of shrimp seedlings is generally egg yolk, soy milk and microalgae. Due to the poor water resistance of these baits in water, After being put into the water, it spreads rapidly, most of the bait cannot be preyed by the shrimp seedlings, resulting in low bait utilization rate and large nutrient loss, making the bait nutrient incomplete, affecting the growth rate of shrimp seedlings, and failing to achieve the purpose of fast growth and high yield; at the same time
  • the composition of the bait is basically organic matter, so the lost bait is likely to pollute the water quality and deteriorate the aquaculture environment.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a zero-starch (flour) binder-free, good water stability, selective diffusibility and suitable suspendability, good palatability, good attractant performance, and a zero-starch free to increase the food intake of seedlings Binder shrimp openings are compounded with feed.
  • Raw materials in terms of mass percentage, include Antarctic krill meal 15-50%, enzymolysis protein 10-25%, red worm 3-10%, beer yeast powder 2-5%, earthworm 5-8%, Fengnian 4- 10%, fresh squid 5-10%, sand bug 2-10%, phospholipid 1-3%, oyster 3-10%, fish oil 1-2.5%, vitamin mixture 1-2%, mineral element mixture 1-3%, Immune enhancer 2-4%, EPA 1-5%, DHA 1-6%;
  • the raw materials include 30% of Antarctic krill powder, 15% of enzymolyzed protein, 6% of red worm, 3% of beer yeast powder, 6% of earthworm, 6% of worms, and 7% of fresh squid. , Sandworm 6%, phospholipid 2%, oyster 6%, fish oil 1%, vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, chitin 3%, EPA 3%, DHA 3%.
  • the above-mentioned pulverization of all raw materials is pulverized to 325-400 mesh by ultrafine pulverizer and / or colloid mill.
  • Said emulsification by adding water to adjust the slurry is to emulsify by adding water to adjust the slurry for 10-20 minutes, and prepare a thick slurry whose raw material mass accounts for 25-35%.
  • the vacuum freeze drying under the low temperature condition of -50 ° C to -100 ° C is vacuum drying under the low temperature condition of -80 ° C.
  • the puffing is micro-puffing with a swelling coefficient of 16%.
  • the inlet air temperature is 175 ° C and the outlet air temperature is 85 ° C.
  • the drying temperature is 75 °C ⁇ 125 °C.
  • the immune enhancer may be chitin.
  • the said vitamin mixture, per kilogram contains:
  • the said mixture of mineral elements per kilogram contains:
  • the present invention does not add starch or other binders, through the selection of raw materials, treatment and processing technology screening optimization (vacuum freeze-drying, effectively controlling the dispersion of the splits in the solution, the use of micro-expansion can give the compound feed good Physical properties), so that the product can not only form microcapsule particles, but also prevent various nutrients from being destroyed during processing, and the microcapsule particles are balanced.
  • comprehensive consideration is given to the nutritional structure, dissolution rate, and physical properties of feed suspension, so that all aspects have the physical properties of biologically active bait, and the nutrition is rich and uniform, the attractant is stronger, and it is easy to digest and absorb, promote growth and improve survival rate. advantage.
  • the enzymolysis protein is an enzymolysis protein obtained by using enzymes, such as papain and / or neutral protease, to enzymatically digest some animal offal or scraps, such as squid offal and other scraps.
  • enzymes such as papain and / or neutral protease
  • the enzymatic hydrolyzed protein used in the following examples is obtained by digesting squid offal with papain and then drying.
  • it can be prepared by the following method: mixing fresh (frozen) squid offal with water at a mass ratio of 1: 1, and then adding papain, the amount of papain added is 6000IU / g squid offal at a temperature of 50 ° C , PH value is 7, enzymolysis for 12 hours to obtain enzymolysis solution, and the enzymolysis solution is spray-dried to obtain enzymolysis protein.
  • the said vitamin mixture, per kilogram contains:
  • the said mixture of mineral elements per kilogram contains:
  • Zero starch binder-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 30%, enzymatic hydrolysis protein 15%, red worm 6%, brewer's yeast powder 3%, earthworm 6%, carnivorous insect 6 %, Fresh squid 7%, sand bug 6%, phospholipid 2%, oyster 6%, fish oil 1%, vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, chitin 3%, EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) 3 %, DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) 3%.
  • EPA Ecosapentaenoic acid
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  • the slurry is emulsified for 15 minutes, then vacuum freeze-dried at -80 ° C (such as liquid nitrogen) at low temperature, and then homogenized and expanded (expansion coefficient is 16%, the expansion coefficient refers to (expanded particle volume-unexpanded particle volume) / Volume of unexpanded particles, the same below), spray (air inlet temperature is 175 °C, outlet air temperature is 85 °C), drying (temperature is 75 °C ⁇ 125 °C), sieving, cooling to get shrimp seedling opening feed.
  • the shrimp fry opening compound feed is composed of the following mass percent raw materials: fish meal 17%, earthworm powder 17%, barley insect protein powder 17%, black water fly larvae powder 17%, whey Protein powder 17%, butter 7%, coconut oil 6%, compound vitamin 1%, compound mineral 1%.
  • the preparation method of the shrimp fry opening compound feed includes the following steps: after ultra-pulverizing the protein source raw material into a 400-mesh micropowder, fully mixed with the fat source raw material, compound vitamins, and compound minerals; emulsified by adding water to adjust the slurry for 15 minutes to prepare A thick slurry of 30% (that is, 30% of the mass of raw materials) is homogenized and sprayed (the inlet air temperature is 230 ° C and the outlet air temperature is 110 ° C), dried at 100 ° C, sieved, and cooled to obtain the shrimp shrimp opening compound feed .
  • Zero starch binder-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 30%, enzymatic hydrolysis protein 15%, red worm 37%, beer yeast powder 3%, phospholipid 2%, fish oil 1% , Vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, chitin 3%, EPA 3%, DHA 3%.
  • Zero starch adhesive-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 30%, enzymatic hydrolysis protein 15%, earthworm 37%, beer yeast powder 3%, phospholipid 2%, fish oil 1%, Vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, chitin 3%, EPA 3%, DHA 3%.
  • Zero-starch binder-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 30%, enzymatic hydrolysis protein 15%, fertile insect 37%, beer yeast powder 3%, phospholipid 2%, fish oil 1% , Vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, chitin 3%, EPA 3%, DHA 3%.
  • Zero starch adhesive-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 30%, enzymatic hydrolysis protein 15%, fresh squid 37%, beer yeast powder 3%, phospholipid 2%, fish oil 1% , Vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, chitin 3%, EPA 3%, DHA 3%.
  • Zero starch adhesive-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill powder 30%, enzymatic hydrolysis protein 15%, sandworm 37%, beer yeast powder 3%, phospholipid 2%, fish oil 1% , Vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, chitin 3%, EPA 3%, DHA 3%.
  • Zero starch adhesive-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 30%, enzymatic hydrolysis protein 15%, oyster 37%, beer yeast powder 3%, phospholipid 2%, fish oil 1%, Vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, chitin 3%, EPA 3%, DHA 3%.
  • Zero starch binder-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 30%, enzymatic hydrolysis protein 15%, red worm 18%, fresh squid 19%, beer yeast powder 3%, phospholipid 2 %, Fish oil 1%, vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, chitin 3%, EPA 3%, DHA 3%.
  • Zero starch adhesive-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 30%, enzymatically hydrolyzed protein 15%, bastard insect 18%, sandworm 19%, beer yeast powder 3%, phospholipid 2 %, Fish oil 1%, vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, chitin 3%, EPA 3%, DHA 3%.
  • Zero starch binder-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 30%, enzymatic hydrolysis protein 15%, sandworm 18%, fresh squid 19%, beer yeast powder 3%, phospholipid 2 %, Fish oil 1%, vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, chitin 3%, EPA 3%, DHA 3%.
  • Zero starch binder-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 30%, enzymatic hydrolysis protein 15%, red worm 6%, brewer's yeast powder 3%, earthworm 6%, carnivorous insect 6 %, Fresh squid 7%, sand bug 6%, phospholipid 2%, oyster 6%, fish oil 1%, vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, chitin 3%, EPA 3%, DHA 3%.
  • Pulverize all raw materials crushed by ultrafine pulverizer or colloidal milling homogenate
  • water quality 30:70
  • dry by drum then homogenize Quality
  • puffing expansion coefficient is 16%
  • spray air inlet temperature is 175 °C
  • air outlet temperature 85 °C
  • drying temperature is 75 °C ⁇ 125 °C
  • sieving cooling to get shrimp shrimp opening compound feed .
  • the pH of other factors in the water environment was measured to be 8.0 to 8.5, and the dissolved oxygen content was 5.0 mg / L.
  • Determination of the opening rate starting from the 8th day (the seedlings generally open from the 8th day after the film is released), the shrimp opening compound feed is fed, 8 times a day, and the opening rate of each group is measured 1 hour after each feeding , Take 60 shrimps from each beaker, check their feeding situation by microscopy, and calculate the aperture ratio (the second place after the decimal point is based on the principle of rounding). For the determination of the aperture ratio, the 9th day is the final statistical result (all the apertures have been opened on the 10th day), and the average of the test results is taken.
  • the natural bait Artemia was used as a control.
  • Opening ratio (%) opening mantissa / determined total mantissa ⁇ 100%;
  • Comparative Example 6 70.7% Comparative Example 7 75.3% Comparative Example 8 80.1% Comparative Example 9 81.2% Comparative Example 10 80.6% Comparative Example 11 81.1% Control (Artemia) 85.5%
  • Example 1 Use the shrimp seedling openings of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-11 to feed the shrimp shrimps just hatched, and use the conventional natural bait brine shrimp as a control to carry out the breeding experiment.
  • Feeding management is in accordance with conventional farm operations. Feed every 2-4 hours regularly.
  • Weight gain rate (%) 100 ⁇ (last weight-initial weight) / initial weight
  • Feed conversion rate (%) 100 ⁇ (last weight-initial weight) / feed weight
  • the state of the feed in the water is mainly floating on the water surface, suspended in the water, and sinking into the bottom of the water. Due to different living habits, various aquatic animals have different requirements for the ups and downs of feed.
  • the shrimp fry are mainly in the upper waters, so the feeding area is mainly in the upper waters. Due to the weak swimming ability of the newly hatched shrimp fry, the poor predation ability, and the uninterrupted feeding state, higher requirements have been placed on the sedimentation rate and water stability (dry matter retention rate) of the shrimp fry opening compound feed.
  • Suspension test Suspension of feed is often measured by suspension rate. Add 100ml of distilled water to a 100ml beaker, weigh a certain amount of m1 (g) feed and evenly spread it on the surface of distilled water. After standing for a while, use a pipette to remove suspended solids along the liquid surface. After filtration, put the suspended solids at 80 °C Dry to a constant weight in an oven to obtain a solid, the mass of which is marked as m2 (g).
  • the water stability of the feed is determined by referring to the method of the American Feed Industry Association. Take the feed mg, and evenly spread it on the 200 mesh screen and slowly put it into a glass container containing 40L of deionized water at 27 ° C, soak it for 1h to sieve Take out the net, dry it, weigh it, and calculate the retention rate of the dry matter of the feed at different soaking times. Set 3 repetitions for each group.
  • the water stability (the data is accurate to the second decimal place, the third digit is based on the rounding principle) is The final dry matter weight as a percentage of the initial dry matter weight is shown in Table 3.
  • Example 1 The compound feed for shrimp seedlings in Example 1 was soaked for 10min, 30min and 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h and 12h to calculate the retention rate of the dry matter of the feed at different soaking times. Each group was set up with 3 repetitions (the data are accurate to the decimal point The number of the second place and the number of the third place enter the second place according to the principle of rounding.) The stability in water is the percentage of the final dry matter weight to the initial dry matter weight. The results are shown in Table 4.
  • the shrimp fry opening compound feed of the present invention has excellent suspendability and water stability, and is basically suspended in the upper layer of the water body, while other shrimp fry opening compound feeds are basically suspended in the middle layer region.
  • Zero starch adhesive-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 15%, enzymatic hydrolysis protein 25%, red worm 3%, brewer's yeast powder 5%, earthworm 5%, Fengnong 10 %, Fresh squid 5%, sand bug 2%, phospholipid 3%, oyster 10%, fish oil 2.5%, vitamin mixture 2%, mineral element mixture 1%, chitin 4%, EPA 1%, DHA 6%.
  • the ratio of 25:75 is adjusted by adding water to emulsify the slurry for 10min, and then vacuum freeze-drying at -50 °C under low temperature conditions, and then homogenization, expansion (expansion coefficient of 16%), spray (air inlet temperature is 175 °C, outlet temperature is 85 °C), drying (temperature 75 °C ⁇ 125 °C), sieving, cooling to get shrimp feed compound feed.
  • the shrimp feed compound feed of this embodiment has the physical properties of biologically active bait, and is rich in nutrients and uniform, more attractive to attract, easy to digest and absorb, and has the advantages of promoting growth and improving survival rate.
  • Zero starch adhesive-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 50%, enzymatic hydrolysis protein 10%, red worm 3%, brewer's yeast powder 2%, earthworm 5%, Fengnong 4 %, Fresh squid 5%, sandworm 2%, phospholipid 1%, oyster 3%, fish oil 1%, vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 3%, chitin 2%, EPA 5%, DHA 3%.
  • the shrimp feed compound feed of this embodiment has the physical properties of biologically active bait, and is rich in nutrients and uniform, more attractive to attract, easy to digest and absorb, and has the advantages of promoting growth and improving survival rate.
  • Zero-starch binder-free shrimp fry opening compound feed based on mass percentage, including Antarctic krill meal 30%, enzymolysis protein 9%, red worm 10%, brewer's yeast powder 2%, earthworm 8%, genus 4 %, Fresh squid 10%, sand bug 10%, phospholipid 1%, oyster 3%, fish oil 1%, vitamin mixture 1%, mineral element mixture 3%, chitin 2%, EPA 5%, DHA 1%.
  • water quality Emulsify by adding water to adjust the ratio of 30:70 for 15min, and then freeze freeze-dry at -80 °C under low temperature conditions, and then homogenize, expand (expansion coefficient 16%), spray (inlet temperature is 175 °C, outlet temperature is 85 °C), drying (temperature 75 °C ⁇ 125 °C), sieving, cooling to get shrimp feed compound feed.
  • the shrimp feed compound feed of this embodiment has the physical properties of biologically active bait, and is rich in nutrients and uniform, more attractive to attract, easy to digest and absorb, and has the advantages of promoting growth and improving survival rate.

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Abstract

一种零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料。原料按质量百分数计包括南极磷虾粉15-50％、酶解蛋白10-25％、红虫3-10％、啤酒酵母粉2-5％、蚯蚓5-8％、丰年虫4-10％、新鲜鱿鱼5-10％、沙虫2-10％、磷脂1-3％、牡蛎3-10％、鱼油1-2.5％、维生素混合物1-2％、矿物元素混合物1-3％、免疫增强剂2-4％、EPA1-5％、DHA1-6％；将全部的原料粉碎，混合均匀，加水调浆乳化，在-50℃～-100℃低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化，喷雾、烘干、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。从营养结构、溶解速率、饲料悬浮性物理性状进行综合考量，使其各方面具有生物活性饵料的物性，并且营养丰富均匀，诱食性更强，易消化吸收，促进生长及提高成活率的优点。

Description

一种零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料及其制备方法 技术领域：
本发明属于开口饵料领域，具体涉及一种零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术：
虾(Shrimp)，是一种生活在水中的节肢动物，属节肢动物甲壳类，种类很多，包括南极红虾、青虾、河虾、草虾、对虾、明虾、龙虾等。虾具有很高的食疗营养价值，可以有蒸、炸等做法，并可以用做于中药材。
开口料是动物苗种第一次摄食时吃的饵料，目前在水产养殖业中，虾苗期的开口料一般为蛋黄、豆浆及微藻等饵料，由于这些饵料在水中的抗水性能差，投入到水中后即迅速扩散，大部分饵料不能被虾苗捕食到，造成饵料利用率低、营养损失大，使饵料营养不全，影响虾苗生长速度，达不到快长高产的目的；同时由于饵料的成分基本上是有机物，这样流失的饵料容易污染水质，恶化水体养殖环境。
传统的人工配合饲料，须以淀粉作为填充剂和粘合剂，并辅以包被材料，以保证颗粒饲料的成型和固化。然而，由于水产动物对淀粉的消化利用功能较差，是先天的“糖尿病”患者,不能对淀粉充分加以利用，而造成浪费。
发明内容：
本发明的目的提供一种零淀粉(面粉)无粘合剂，水稳定性好、选择扩散性和适宜的悬浮性，适口性好，诱食性能好，提高种苗的摄食量的零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料。
本发明的零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，其特征在于，通过以下方法制备的：
原料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉15-50％、酶解蛋白10-25％、红虫3-10％、啤酒酵母粉2-5％、蚯蚓5-8％、丰年虫4-10％、新鲜鱿鱼5-10％、沙虫2-10％、磷脂1-3％、牡蛎3-10％、鱼油1-2.5％、维生素混合物1-2％、矿物元素混合物1-3％、免疫增强剂2-4％、EPA1-5％、DHA1-6％；
将全部的原料粉碎，混合均匀，加水调浆乳化，在-50℃～-100℃低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化，喷雾、烘干、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
优选，所述的原料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白15％、红虫6％、啤酒酵母粉3％、蚯蚓6％、丰年虫6％、新鲜鱿鱼7％、沙虫6％、磷脂2％、牡蛎6％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA3％、DHA3％。
所述的将全部原料粉碎是通过超微粉碎机和/或胶体磨粉碎至325～400目。
所述的加水调浆乳化是加水调浆乳化10-20min，制备成原料质量占比25～35％的浓浆。
所述的在-50℃～-100℃低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥是在-80℃低温条件下真空干燥。
所述的膨化是膨化系数为16％的微膨化。
所述的喷雾，其进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃。
所述的烘干，其烘干温度是75℃～125℃。
所述的免疫增强剂可以为甲壳素。
所述的维生素混合物，每千克含有：
Figure PCTCN2019071975-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019071975-appb-000002
按照上述含量，称取各种维生素，再与玉米芯粉混合，搅拌均匀而得到维生素混合物。
所述的每千克矿物元素混合物含有：
Figure PCTCN2019071975-appb-000003
将上述各种矿物盐在100℃烘干2小时，以去除矿物盐中的水分，然后再粉碎，过100目标准筛，再按照上述含量，称取各种过100目标准筛后的矿物盐，再与饲料级沸石粉混合，搅拌均匀而得到矿物元素混合物。
本发明在不添加淀粉或其他粘合剂的前提下，通过对原材料的选择、处理及加工工艺筛选优化(真空冷冻干燥，有效控制分体在溶液中分散，利用微膨化可以赋予配合饲料好的物性)，使产品既能形成微胶囊颗粒，又能使各种营养成分在加工过程中不会被破坏，且微胶囊颗粒内均衡。并且还从营养结构、溶解速率、饲料悬浮性物理性状进行综合考量， 使其各方面具有生物活性饵料的物性，并且营养丰富均匀，诱食性更强，易消化吸收，促进生长及提高成活率的优点。
具体实施方式：
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
酶解蛋白是用酶，例如木瓜蛋白酶和/或中性蛋白酶，酶解一些动物内脏或边角料，例如鱿鱼内脏等边角料而获得的酶解蛋白。
以下实施例使用的酶解蛋白是鱿鱼内脏经木瓜蛋白酶酶解，再经干燥而获得的。
具体可以通过以下方法制备：将新鲜(冰冻的也可以)的鱿鱼内脏按质量比1:1与水混合，然后加入木瓜蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶的加入量为6000IU/g鱿鱼内脏，在温度为50℃，pH值为7，酶解12小时，得到酶解液，酶解液经喷雾干燥后得到酶解蛋白。
以下实施例使用的：
所述的维生素混合物，每千克含有：
Figure PCTCN2019071975-appb-000004
按照上述含量，称取各种维生素，再与玉米芯粉混合，搅拌均匀而得到维生素混合物。
所述的每千克矿物元素混合物含有：
Figure PCTCN2019071975-appb-000005
实施例1：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白15％、红虫6％、啤酒酵母粉3％、蚯蚓6％、丰年虫6％、新鲜鱿鱼7％、沙虫6％、磷脂2％、牡蛎6％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA(二十碳五烯酸)3％、DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)3％。
将全部的原料粉碎(通过超微粉碎机粉碎或胶体磨匀浆，如南极磷虾粉、酶解蛋白、啤酒酵母粉、磷脂、维生素混合物、矿物元素混合物、甲壳素、EPA、DHA通过超微粉碎机粉碎，红虫、蚯蚓、丰年虫、新鲜鱿鱼、沙虫、牡蛎、鱼油等用胶体磨匀浆)至400目，充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝30:70的比例加水调浆乳化15min，而后在-80℃(如液氮)低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数为16％，膨化系数指的是(膨化颗粒体积-未膨化的颗粒体积)/未膨化的颗粒体积，下同)，喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
对比例1：
零淀粉的虾苗开口配合饲料，所述虾苗开口配合饲料由以下质量百分数的原材料组成：鱼粉17％、蚯蚓粉17％、大麦虫蛋白粉17％、黑水虻幼虫粉17％、乳清蛋白粉17％、牛油7％、椰子油6％、复合维生素1％，复合矿物质1％。
所述虾苗开口配合饲料的制备方法包括如下步骤：将蛋白源原料超微粉碎成400目的微粉后，与脂肪源原料、复合维生素、复合矿物质充分混合；加水调浆后乳化15min，制备成30％(即原料质量占比30％)的浓浆，均质，喷雾(进风温度为230℃，出风温度为110℃)、100℃干燥、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
对比例2：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白15％、红虫37％、啤酒酵母粉3％、磷脂2％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA3％、DHA3％。
将全部的原料粉碎(通过超微粉碎机粉碎或胶体磨匀浆)至400目，充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝30:70的比例加水调浆乳化15min，而后在-80℃(如液氮)低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数为16％)，喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
对比例3：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解 蛋白15％、蚯蚓37％、啤酒酵母粉3％、磷脂2％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA 3％、DHA 3％。
将全部的原料粉碎(通过超微粉碎机粉碎或胶体磨匀浆)至400目，充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝30:70的比例加水调浆乳化15min，而后在-80℃(如液氮)低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数为16％)，喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
对比例4：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白15％、丰年虫37％、啤酒酵母粉3％、磷脂2％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA3％、DHA3％。
将全部的原料粉碎(通过超微粉碎机粉碎或胶体磨匀浆)至400目，充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝30:70的比例加水调浆乳化15min，而后在-80℃(如液氮)低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数为16％)，喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
对比例5：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白15％、新鲜鱿鱼37％、啤酒酵母粉3％、磷脂2％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA3％、DHA3％。
将全部的原料粉碎(通过超微粉碎机粉碎或胶体磨匀浆)至400目，充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝30:70的比例加水调浆乳化15min，而后在-80℃(如液氮)低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数为16％)，喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
对比例6：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白15％、沙虫37％、啤酒酵母粉3％、磷脂2％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA3％、DHA3％。
将全部的原料粉碎(通过超微粉碎机粉碎或胶体磨匀浆)至400目，充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝30:70的比例加水调浆乳化15min，而后在-80℃(如液氮)低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数为16％)，喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
对比例7：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白15％、牡蛎37％、啤酒酵母粉3％、磷脂2％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA3％、DHA3％。
将全部的原料粉碎(通过超微粉碎机粉碎或胶体磨匀浆)至400目，充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝30:70的比例加水调浆乳化15min，而后在-80℃(如液氮)低温条 件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数为16％)，喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
对比例8：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白15％、红虫18％、新鲜鱿鱼19％、啤酒酵母粉3％、磷脂2％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA3％、DHA3％。
将全部的原料粉碎(通过超微粉碎机粉碎或胶体磨匀浆)至400目，充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝30:70的比例加水调浆乳化15min，而后在-80℃(如液氮)低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数为16％)，喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
对比例9：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白15％、丰年虫18％、沙虫19％、啤酒酵母粉3％、磷脂2％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA3％、DHA3％。
将全部的原料粉碎(通过超微粉碎机粉碎或胶体磨匀浆)至400目，充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝30:70的比例加水调浆乳化15min，而后在-80℃(如液氮)低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数为16％)，喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
对比例10：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白15％、沙虫18％、新鲜鱿鱼19％、啤酒酵母粉3％、磷脂2％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA3％、DHA3％。
将全部的原料粉碎(通过超微粉碎机粉碎或胶体磨匀浆)至400目，充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝30:70的比例加水调浆乳化15min，而后在-80℃(如液氮)低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数为16％)，喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
对比例11：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白15％、红虫6％、啤酒酵母粉3％、蚯蚓6％、丰年虫6％、新鲜鱿鱼7％、沙虫6％、磷脂2％、牡蛎6％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA3％、DHA3％。
将全部的原料粉碎(通过超微粉碎机粉碎或胶体磨匀浆)至400目，充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝30:70的比例加水调浆乳化15min，经滚筒干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数为16％，喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
效果实验：
1、开口率实验：
将充分曝气的自来水添加到1000ml的烧杯中。在试验前先将每组的温度、盐都调至预置的水平上，微充气。每个试验组合的盐度用海水晶调控，从6ppt开始，每隔2小时升高或降低4ppt，直至达到各组合所需的盐度设置水平。为保证温度精确可控，所有试验组合在盐度水平设置完成后放置在光照培养箱(MGC型)进行。温度从25℃开始，每隔2小时升高或降低2.0℃。将对虾虾苗依此分别放入不同的1000ml的烧杯内，每个烧杯内放1000尾，光强周期为12L:12D。同时测得水体环境中其它因子pH为8.0～8.5，溶氧量为5.0mg/L。开口率的测定，从第8天(种苗一般从出膜后第8天开口)开始投喂虾苗开口配合饲料，一天投喂8次，每次投喂后1小时开始测量各组开口率，从每个烧杯中取60尾虾，镜检其摄食情况，计算开口率(小数点后第二位按照四舍五入的原则)。开口率测定以第9天为最终统计结果(第10天已全部开口)，试验结果取其平均值。以天然饵料卤虫作为对照。
开口率(％)＝开口尾数/测定总尾数×100％；
结果如表1所示
表1
组别 开口率
实施例1 98.1％
对比例1 90.6％
对比例2 70.5％
对比例3 68.2％
对比例4 75.8％
对比例5 72.1％
对比例6 70.7％
对比例7 75.3％
对比例8 80.1％
对比例9 81.2％
对比例10 80.6％
对比例11 81.1％
对照(卤虫) 85.5％
从表1可以看出，实施例1的虾苗开口配合饲料饲养虾苗，其开口率显著高于对比例和对照。
2、生长实验：
a、分别用实施例1、对比例1-11的虾苗开口配合饲料养殖对虾刚刚孵化的虾苗，以常规的天然饵料卤虫为对照，进行养殖实验。
b、实验分组
选择同一批次刚刚孵化的虾苗进行试验，每组3个重复，每个重复2000尾左右虾苗。数据统计取平均值。
饲喂管理按照常规养殖场操作。每隔2-4小时定时投喂一次。
c、结果统计
观察统计开口摄食情况，记录首次有虾苗开始摄食的时间。为了尽可能的减小误差，各组三个重复的三批数据分别由三个人负责完成，结果取平均数。
统计各组各重复鱼苗初始总重量，以及30日后的总重量，计算30日内增重。
增重率(％)＝100×(末重-初重)/初重
统计计算45日后鱼苗的成活率。同时，统计计算饲料转化率和特定生长率：
饲料转化率(％)＝100×(末重-初重)/饲料重
特定生长率(％)＝100×(ln末重-ln初重)/t(养殖天数)
d、结果如表2所示。
表2
组别 开始摄食时间 30日增重率 45日后成活率 饲料转化率
实施例1 36h后 3525％ 97％ 96％
对比例1 48h后 3235％ 90％ 90％
对比例2 60h后 3697％ 93％ 93％
对比例3 72h后 3578％ 91％ 92％
对比例4 84h后 2356％ 92％ 89％
对比例5 96h后 1980％ 72％ 69％
对比例6 108h后 3670％ 91％ 93％
对比例7 120h后 3893％ 93％ 93％
对比例8 132h后 3512％ 92％ 93％
对比例9 144h后 3568％ 91％ 90％
对比例10 156h后 3601％ 90％ 91％
对比例11 168h后 3257％ 89％ 88％
对照(卤虫) 200h后 1456％ 71％ 69％
由实验结果(表2)可知，在本发明的虾苗开口配合饲料中，各组分及其配比形成了协调统一的有机整体，显示出了明显的协同增效作用，可提高开口效果，显著提升饲料的诱食性，虾苗喜欢摄食，有助于虾苗的生长发育。而且，饲料转化率高，可以显著提高成活率和生长率。
3、悬浮性和稳定性实验：
饲料在水中的状态主要有漂浮在水面，悬浮于水中、沉入水底三种。各种水产动物由于生活习性不同，对饲料的沉浮性的要求也不同。而虾苗主要活动在上层水域，因此其摄食区域主要在上层水域。由于刚孵化的虾苗游动能力弱，捕食能力差，处于不间断的摄食状态，对虾苗开口配合饲料的沉降速率与水稳定性(干物质保留率)提出了更高的要求。
以实施例1和对比例1-11制备的虾苗开口配合饲料，测试本发明虾苗开口配合饲料的性质，包括悬浮性和水稳定性。
a、测试方法
(1)悬浮性的检测：常以悬浮率衡量饲料的悬浮性。在100ml烧杯中加入100ml蒸馏水，称取一定质量m1(g)饲料均匀撒于蒸馏水表面，静置一段时间后，用移液管沿液面取出悬浮固体，过滤后，将悬浮固体放入80℃烘箱中烘干至恒重，得到固体，质量分别标记为m2(g)。
悬浮率(％)＝m2/m1×100％
(2)饲料的水稳定性测定参照美国饲料工业协会的方法，取饲料mg，至于200目的筛网上均匀铺开缓慢地放入27℃盛有40L去离子水的玻璃容器中，浸泡1h将筛网取出，干燥，称重，分别计算不同浸泡时间饲料对干物质保留率，每组设3个重复，水中稳定性(数据精确到小数点后第2位，第3位按照四舍五入的原则)即为最终干物质重量占初始干物质重量的百分比，结果如表3所示。而实施例1的虾苗开口配合饲料是浸泡10min、30min和1h、2h、4h、6h、12h分别计算不同浸泡时间饲料对干物质保留率，每组设3个重复(数据精确到小数点后第2位，第三位的数按照四舍五入的原则进入第二位)，水中稳定性即为最终 干物质重量占初始干物质重量的百分比，结果如表4所示。
表3
组别 时间 悬浮性 水稳定性
实施例1: 10min 98.26％ 98.82％
对比例1 10min 82.12％ 83.34％
对比例2 10min 85.78％ 83.57％
对比例3 10min 78.20％ 79.11％
对比例4 10min 83.34％ 83.82％
对比例5 10min 79.21％ 80.74％
对比例6 10min 80.22％ 82.44％
对比例7 10min 90.55％ 89.77％
对比例8 10min 86.61％ 87.73％
对比例9 10min 70.29％ 71.35％
对比例10 10min 72.48％ 73.14％
对比例11 10min 87.24％ 88.49％
表4
时间 10min 30min 1h 2h 4h 6h 12h
悬浮性 98.26％ 72.34％ 69.72％ 61.97％ 57.12％ 49.75 37.58％
稳定性 98.82％ 90.14％ 87.79％ 85.01％ 80.06％ 62.41％ 54.18％
结果如表4所示，本发明的虾苗开口配合饲料具有优异的悬浮性及水稳定性，并且基本悬浮在水体的上层区域，而其他的虾苗开口配合饲料基本悬浮在中层区域。
实施例2：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉15％、酶解 蛋白25％、红虫3％、啤酒酵母粉5％、蚯蚓5％、丰年虫10％、新鲜鱿鱼5％、沙虫2％、磷脂3％、牡蛎10％、鱼油2.5％、维生素混合物2％、矿物元素混合物1％、甲壳素4％、EPA 1％、DHA 6％。
将南极磷虾粉、酶解蛋白、红虫、啤酒酵母粉、蚯蚓、丰年虫、新鲜鱿鱼、沙虫、牡蛎粉碎至235目，然后再与其他原料充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝25:75的比例加水调浆乳化10min，而后在-50℃条低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数16％),喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
本实施例的虾苗开口配合饲料具有生物活性饵料的物性，并且营养丰富均匀，诱食性更强，易消化吸收，促进生长及提高成活率的优点。
实施例3：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉50％、酶解蛋白10％、红虫3％、啤酒酵母粉2％、蚯蚓5％、丰年虫4％、新鲜鱿鱼5％、沙虫2％、磷脂1％、牡蛎3％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物3％、甲壳素2％、EPA5％、DHA 3％。
将南极磷虾粉、酶解蛋白、红虫、啤酒酵母粉、蚯蚓、丰年虫、新鲜鱿鱼、沙虫、牡蛎粉碎至400目，然后再与其他原料充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝35:65的比例加水调浆乳化20min，而后在-100℃条低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数16％),喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、 分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
本实施例的虾苗开口配合饲料具有生物活性饵料的物性，并且营养丰富均匀，诱食性更强，易消化吸收，促进生长及提高成活率的优点。
实施例4：
原料：
零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白9％、红虫10％、啤酒酵母粉2％、蚯蚓8％、丰年虫4％、新鲜鱿鱼10％、沙虫10％、磷脂1％、牡蛎3％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物3％、甲壳素2％、EPA5％、DHA 1％。
将南极磷虾粉、酶解蛋白、红虫、啤酒酵母粉、蚯蚓、丰年虫、新鲜鱿鱼、沙虫、牡蛎粉碎至400目，然后再与其他原料充分混合均匀，按照原料质量：水质量＝30:70的比例加水调浆乳化15min，而后在-80℃条低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化(膨化系数16％),喷雾(进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃)、烘干(温度为75℃～125℃)、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
本实施例的虾苗开口配合饲料具有生物活性饵料的物性，并且营养丰富均匀，诱食性更强，易消化吸收，促进生长及提高成活率的优点。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，其特征在于，通过以下方法制备的：
    原料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉15-50％、酶解蛋白10-25％、红虫3-10％、啤酒酵母粉2-5％、蚯蚓5-8％、丰年虫4-10％、新鲜鱿鱼5-10％、沙虫2-10％、磷脂1-3％、牡蛎3-10％、鱼油1-2.5％、维生素混合物1-2％、矿物元素混合物1-3％、免疫增强剂2-4％、EPA1-5％、DHA1-6％；
    将全部的原料粉碎，混合均匀，加水调浆乳化，在-50℃～-100℃低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥，然后均质，膨化，喷雾、烘干、分筛、冷却后得虾苗开口配合饲料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，其特征在于，所述的原料，按质量百分数计，包括南极磷虾粉30％、酶解蛋白15％、红虫6％、啤酒酵母粉3％、蚯蚓6％、丰年虫6％、新鲜鱿鱼7％、沙虫6％、磷脂2％、牡蛎6％、鱼油1％、维生素混合物1％、矿物元素混合物2％、甲壳素3％、EPA3％、DHA3％。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，其特征在于，所述的将全部原料粉碎是通过超微粉碎机和/或胶体磨粉碎至325～400目。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，其特征在于，所述的加水调浆乳化是加水调浆乳化10-20min，制备成原料质量占比25～35％的浓浆。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，其特征在于，所述的在-50℃～-100℃低温条件下进行真空冷冻干燥是在-80℃低温条件下真空干燥。
  6. 根据权利要求1、2或4所述的零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，其特征在于，所述的膨化是膨化系数为16％的微膨化。
  7. 根据权利要求1、2或4所述的零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，其特征在于，所述的喷雾，其进风温度为175℃，出风温度为85℃。
  8. 根据权利要求1、2或4所述的零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，其特征在于，所述的烘干，其烘干温度是75℃～125℃。
  9. 根据权利要求1、2或4所述的零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，其特征在于，所述的免疫增强剂为甲壳素。
  10. 根据权利要求1、2或4所述的零淀粉无粘合剂的虾苗开口配合饲料，其特征在于，所述的维生素混合物，每千克含有：
    Figure PCTCN2019071975-appb-100001
    所述的每千克矿物元素混合物含有：
    Figure PCTCN2019071975-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2019071975-appb-100003
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