WO2020081848A1 - Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors - Google Patents

Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020081848A1
WO2020081848A1 PCT/US2019/056786 US2019056786W WO2020081848A1 WO 2020081848 A1 WO2020081848 A1 WO 2020081848A1 US 2019056786 W US2019056786 W US 2019056786W WO 2020081848 A1 WO2020081848 A1 WO 2020081848A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optionally substituted
chloro
halogen
compound
mmol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/US2019/056786
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
James F. Blake
Mark Laurence Boys
Mark Joseph Chicarelli
Adam Cook
Mohamed S. A. ELSAYED
Jay B. FELL
John P. Fischer
Ronald Jay Hinklin
Oren T. MCNULTY
Macedonio J. Mejia
Martha E. Rodriguez
Christina E. WONG
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Array Biopharma Inc
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Array Biopharma Inc
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Publication date
Priority to CN201980068343.2A priority Critical patent/CN114341124B/zh
Priority to IL282179A priority patent/IL282179B2/en
Priority to EP19801996.0A priority patent/EP3867238B1/en
Priority to ES19801996T priority patent/ES2947464T3/es
Priority to CR20210189A priority patent/CR20210189A/es
Priority to JP2021520556A priority patent/JP7449282B2/ja
Priority to MX2021004410A priority patent/MX2021004410A/es
Priority to EA202190801A priority patent/EA202190801A1/ru
Priority to AU2019359885A priority patent/AU2019359885B2/en
Priority to US17/285,997 priority patent/US12187721B2/en
Priority to PL19801996.0T priority patent/PL3867238T3/pl
Priority to SG11202102985YA priority patent/SG11202102985YA/en
Priority to BR112021005733-1A priority patent/BR112021005733A2/pt
Application filed by Array Biopharma Inc filed Critical Array Biopharma Inc
Priority to CU2021000029A priority patent/CU20210029A7/es
Priority to KR1020217014574A priority patent/KR102649419B1/ko
Priority to CA3116561A priority patent/CA3116561C/en
Priority to PE2021000527A priority patent/PE20211465A1/es
Publication of WO2020081848A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020081848A1/en
Priority to ZA2021/01960A priority patent/ZA202101960B/en
Priority to PH12021550674A priority patent/PH12021550674A1/en
Priority to DO2021000070A priority patent/DOP2021000070A/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to CONC2021/0004966A priority patent/CO2021004966A2/es
Priority to CY20231100379T priority patent/CY1126122T1/el
Priority to US18/946,138 priority patent/US20250066357A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/4985—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/08—Bridged systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/10—Spiro-condensed systems
    • C07D491/107—Spiro-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compounds that inhibit SHP2 and are useful for treating hyperproliferative and neoplastic diseases.
  • the present invention further relates to methods for treating cancer or hyperproliferative diseases with compounds of the present invention.
  • SHP2 is a protein tryosine phosphatase (PTP) containing Src Homology 2 (SH2) domains encoded by the PTPN11 gene.
  • PTP protein tryosine phosphatase
  • SH2 Src Homology 2 domains encoded by the PTPN11 gene.
  • SHP2 contributes to multiple cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle maintenance and migration.
  • SHP2 is necessary for full activation of the Ras/ERK1/2 pathway, a key signaling cascade in cancer biology downstream of a wide array of receptor tyrosine kinases and other signal transducers.
  • SHP2 has also been shown to promote PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, JNK, and NF-kB signaling, which are also associated with various human cancers.
  • SHP2 is an oncoprotein.
  • small-molecular inhibitors of SHP2 would be useful for treating a broad spectrum of cancers, such as, for example, melanoma, juvenile myelomoncytic leukemias, neuroblastoma, Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid, Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemias, acute myeloid leukemias, myeloproliferative neoplasms (such as Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia and Primary Myelofibrosis), breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, squamous- cell carcinoma of the head and neck, glioblastoma, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, thyroid carcinoma, spitzoid neoplasms, as well as, Neurofibramatosis and Noonan Syndrome.
  • cancers such as, for example, melanoma, juvenile myelomoncytic le
  • SHP2 inhibitors are known, see for example, WO 2015/107493; WO 2015/107494; WO 2015/107495; WO 2016/203404; WO 2016/203405; WO 2016/203406; WO 2017/210134; WO 2017/211303; WO 2017/216706; WO 2018/013597; WO 2018/057884; WO 2018/081091; WO 2018/136264; WO 2018/136265; and WO 2018/172984.
  • Another aspect provides compounds of Formulas II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another aspect provides a method for treating a hyperproliferative disorder by administering a therapeutically effective quantity of a compound according to Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient in need thereof.
  • the compound can be administered alone or co-administered with at least one other anti-hyperproliferative or chemotherapeutic compound.
  • Another aspect provides a method of inhibiting SHP2 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in a cell comprising treating the cell with a compound according to Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in an amount effective to attenuate or eliminate SHP2 kinase activity.
  • Another aspect provides methods of treating or preventing a disease or disorder modulated by SHP2, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • diseases and disorders include, but are not limited to, hyperproliferative disorders, such as cancer.
  • Another aspect provides methods of treating or preventing cancer, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, alone or in combination with one or more additional compounds having anti-cancer properties.
  • Another aspect provides a method of treating a hyperproliferative disease in a mammal comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.
  • Another aspect provides the use of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a hyperproliferative disease.
  • Another aspect provides a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases.
  • Another aspect provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • Another aspect provides intermediates for preparing compounds of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI. Certain compounds of the Formulas may be used as intermediates for other compounds of the Formulas.
  • Another aspect includes processes for preparing, methods of separation, and methods of purification of the compounds described herein.
  • phrase“a” or“an” entity as used herein refers to one or more of that entity; for example, a compound refers to one or more compounds or at least one compound.
  • a compound refers to one or more compounds or at least one compound.
  • the terms“a” (or“an”),“one or more”, and“at least one” can be used interchangeably herein.
  • the terms “comprise(s)” and “comprising” are to be interpreted as having an open-ended meaning. That is, the terms are to be interpreted synonymously with the phrases “having at least” or “including at least”.
  • the term “comprising” means that the process includes at least the recited steps, but may include additional steps.
  • the term “comprising” means that the compound or composition includes at least the recited features or components, but may also include additional features or components.
  • any variable e.g., R 1 , R 4a , Ar, X 1 or Het
  • its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Also, combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such compounds result in stable compounds.
  • optionally substituted means that the optionally substituted moiety may incorporate a hydrogen or a substituent.
  • variable can be equal to any integer value of the numerical range, including the end-points of the range.
  • variable can be equal to any real value of the numerical range, including the end-points of the range.
  • a variable that is described as having values between 0 and 2 can be 0, 1 or 2 for variables that are inherently discrete, and can be 0.0, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, or any other real value for variables that are inherently continuous.
  • Tautomeric compounds can exist as two or more interconvertable species.
  • Prototropic tautomers result from the migration of a covalently bonded hydrogen atom between two atoms.
  • Tautomers generally exist in equilibrium and attempts to isolate an individual tautomers usually produce a mixture whose chemical and physical properties are consistent with a mixture of compounds. The position of the equilibrium is dependent on chemical features within the molecule. For example, in many aliphatic aldehydes and ketones, such as acetaldehyde, the keto form predominates; while in phenols, the enol form predominates.
  • the compounds of Formula I may contain one or more chiral centers and therefore exist in two or more stereoisomeric forms.
  • the racemates of these isomers, the individual isomers and mixtures enriched in one enantiomer, as well as diastereomers when there are two chiral centers, and mixtures partially enriched with specific diastereomers are within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention includes all the individual stereoisomers (e.g., enantiomers), racemic mixtures or partially resolved mixtures of the compounds of Formula I and, where appropriate, the individual tautomeric forms thereof.
  • the compounds of Formula I may contain a basic center and suitable acid addition salts are formed from acids that form non-toxic salts.
  • suitable acid addition salts are formed from acids that form non-toxic salts.
  • salts of inorganic acids include the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, bisulfate, nitrate, phosphate, and hydrogen phosphate.
  • salts of organic acids include acetate, fumarate, pamoate, aspartate, besylate, carbonate, bicarbonate, camsylate, D and L-lactate, D and L-tartrate, esylate, mesylate, malonate, orotate, gluceptate, methylsulfate, stearate, glucuronate, 2- napsylate, tosylate, hibenzate, nicotinate, isethionate, malate, maleate, citrate, gluconate, succinate, saccharate, benzoate, esylate, and pamoate salts.
  • alkyl includes linear or branched-chain radicals of carbon atoms. Some alkyl moieties have been abbreviated, for example, methyl (“Me”), ethyl (“Et”), propyl (“Pr”) and butyl (“Bu”), and further abbreviations are used to designate specific isomers of compounds, for example, 1-propyl or n-propyl (“n-Pr”), 2-propyl or isopropyl (“i-Pr”), 1-butyl or n-butyl (“n- Bu”), 2-methyl-1-propyl or isobutyl (“i-Bu”), 1-methylpropyl or s-butyl (“s-Bu”), 1,1- dimethylethyl or t-butyl (“t-Bu”) and the like.
  • Me methyl
  • Et ethyl
  • Pr propyl
  • Bu butyl
  • isomers of compounds for example, 1-propyl or n-propyl (“n-P
  • alkyl is C1-10 alkyl. In certain embodiments, alkyl is C 1-6 alkyl.
  • Boc means tert-butyloxycarbonyl. Additional abbreviations used throughout the application may include, for example, benzyl (“Bn”), phenyl (“Ph”), acetate (“Ac”) and mesylate (“Ms”).
  • alkenyl and alkynyl also include linear or branched-chain radicals of carbon atoms.
  • heteroaryl includes five to six membered aromatic rings containing one, two, three or four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S. In certain instances, these terms may be specifically further limited, such as, five to six membered heteroaryl, wherein the heteroaryl contains one or two nitrogen heteroatoms. As well known to those skilled in the art, heteroaryl rings have less aromatic character than their all-carbon counter parts. Thus, for the purposes of the invention, a heteroaryl group need only have some degree of aromatic character.
  • a bond drawn into ring system indicates that the bond may be attached to any of the suitable ring atoms.
  • a bond with a wavy line on it indicates the point of attachment.
  • treat refers to therapeutic, prophylactic, palliative or preventative measures.
  • Beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable.
  • Treatment can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment.
  • Those in need of treatment include those already with the condition or disorder, as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder or those in which the condition or disorder is to be prevented.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount or“effective amount” mean an amount of a compound described herein that, when administered to a mammal in need of such treatment, sufficient to (i) treat or prevent the particular disease, condition, or disorder, (ii) attenuate, ameliorate, or eliminate one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) prevent or delay the onset of one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder described herein.
  • the amount of a compound that will correspond to such an amount will vary depending upon factors such as the particular compound, disease condition and its severity, the identity (e.g., weight) of the mammal in need of treatment, but can nevertheless be routinely determined by one skilled in the art.
  • cancer and “cancerous” refer to or describe the physiological condition in mammals that is typically characterized by abnormal or unregulated cell growth.
  • a “tumor” comprises one or more cancerous cells. Examples of cancer include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma, and leukemia or lymphoid malignancies.
  • squamous cell cancer e.g., epithelial squamous cell cancer
  • lung cancer including small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer ("NSCLC"), adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastric or stomach cancer including gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney or renal cancer, prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic carcinoma, anal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, skin cancer, including melanoma, as well as head and neck cancer.
  • NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
  • adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer,
  • phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable” indicates that the substance or composition is compatible chemically and/or toxicologically, with the other ingredients comprising a formulation, and/or the mammal being treated therewith.
  • phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable salt,” as used herein, refers to pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic salts of a compound described herein.
  • the compounds described herein also include other salts of such compounds that are not necessarily pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and which may be useful as intermediates for preparing and/or purifying compounds described herein and/or for separating enantiomers of compounds described herein.
  • mammal means a warm-blooded animal that has or is at risk of developing a disease described herein and includes, but is not limited to, guinea pigs, dogs, cats, rats, mice, hamsters, and primates, including humans.
  • X1 is selected from CH and N;
  • X 2 is selected from CH and N;
  • X3 is selected from CH and N;
  • L 1 is selected from a direct bond, S, CH 2 , O or NH;
  • R 1 is selected from phenyl, heteroaryl, bicyclic aryl, bicyclic heterocyclyl, and bicyclic heteroaryl,
  • phenyl, heteroaryl, bicyclic aryl, bicyclic heterocyclyl and bicyclic heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, OH, oxo, cyano, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and a heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano, OH or alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo;
  • R 2 is:
  • X 11 is selected from CR 13 R 14 , SiR 13 R 14 , NH and O;
  • X 12 is selected from CHR 15 and NH, wherein one or both of X 11 and X 12 must be carbon;
  • R 10 is selected from hydrogen and alkyl;
  • R 11 is selected from hydrogen, OH and CH 2 NH 2 ;
  • R 12 , R 16 and R 17 are hydrogen
  • R 13 is selected from hydrogen, OH, and (C 0 -C 3 alkyl)NR b R c ;
  • R 14 is selected from hydrogen, OH, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, methyl, OCH3 and a heteroaryl;
  • R 15 is selected from hydrogen or NH 2 ;
  • R 10 and R 11 may join together as CH 2 NHCH 2 to form a fused bicyclic
  • R 10 and R 15 may join together as alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic
  • R 11 and R 12 may join together as alkyl substituted with NH 2 to form a spirocycle
  • R 13 and R 14 may join together as a group selected from cycloalkyl, heterocycle, bicyclic carbocycle, and bicyclic heterocycle, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycle, carbocycle and heterocycle are optionally substituted with F, Cl, OH, OCH3, CN, methyl or NH2 to form a spirocycle,
  • R 10 and R 16 may join together as alkyl, O or NH to form a bridged bicyclic, R 11 and R 15 may join together as alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic, R 11 and R 16 may join together as alkyl or O to form a bridged bicyclic,
  • R 11 and R 17 may join together as alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic, or R 13 and R 15 may join together as NHCH2, or cycloalkyl wherein the cycloalkyl is substituted with NH 2 to form a fused bicyclic;
  • R 48 is selected from hydrogen and methyl
  • R a is hydrogen, alkyl optionally substituted with OH, methoxy, halogen or cyano, or cyclopropyl;
  • R b and R c are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and a Boc group; and a, b, c and d are selected from 0 and 1.
  • X 1 is selected from CH and N;
  • X2 is selected from CH and N;
  • X 3 is selected from CH and N;
  • L1 is selected from a direct bond, S, CH2, O or NH;
  • R 1 is selected from phenyl, a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl wherein the heteroaryl contains one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, a 10 membered bicyclic aryl, a 9-10 membered bicyclic heterocyclyl wherein the heterocyclyl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur,
  • phenyl, heteroaryl, bicyclic aryl, bicyclic heterocyclyl and bicyclic heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, OH, oxo, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano, OH or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and SO2;
  • R 2 is:
  • X11 is selected from CR 13 R 14 , SiR 13 R 14 , NH and O;
  • X 12 is selected from CHR 15 and NH, wherein one or both of X 11 and X 12 must be carbon;
  • R 10 is selected from hydrogen and C1-C3 alkyl;
  • R 11 is selected from hydrogen, OH and CH 2 NH 2 ;
  • R 12 , R 16 and R 17 are hydrogen
  • R 13 is selected from hydrogen, OH, and (C 0 -C 3 alkyl)NR b R c ;
  • R 14 is selected from hydrogen, OH, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, methyl, OCH 3 and a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl wherein the heteroaryl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;
  • R 15 is selected from hydrogen or NH 2 ;
  • R 10 and R 11 may join together as CH 2 NHCH 2 to form a fused bicyclic
  • R 10 and R 15 may join together as C1-C4 alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic
  • R 11 and R 12 may join together as C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituted with NH 2 to form a spirocyclic
  • R 13 and R 14 may join together as a group selected from C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 4 to 6 membered heterocycle wherein the heterocycle contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, saturated or partially unsaturated 8 to 10 membered bicyclic carbocycle, and a saturated or partially unsaturated 8 to 10 membered bicyclic heterocycle wherein the heterocycle contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycle, bicyclic carbocycle and bicyclic heterocycle are optionally substituted with F, Cl, OH, OCH3, CN, methyl or NH2 to form a spirocyclic,
  • R 10 and R 16 may join together as C1-C4 alkyl, O or NH to form a bridged bicyclic
  • R 11 and R 15 may join together as C 1 -C 4 alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic
  • R 11 and R 16 may join together as C1-C4 alkyl or O to form a bridged bicyclic
  • R 11 and R 17 may join together as C 1 -C 4 alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic
  • R 13 and R 15 may join together as NHCH2, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl wherein the cycloalkyl is substituted with NH 2 to form a fused bicyclic;
  • R 48 is selected from hydrogen and methyl
  • R a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, methoxy, halogen or cyano, or cyclopropyl;
  • R b and R c are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl and a Boc group; and a, b, c and d are selected from 0 and 1.
  • X 1 is CH, X 2 is N and X 3 is N; or X 1 is N, X 2 is N and X 3 is CH; or X 1 is CH, X 2 is CH and X3 is N;L1 is selected from a direct bond, S, CH2, O or NH;
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, and cyano; (b) a 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and SO 2 ; wherein the heteroaryl contains one or two nitrogen heteroatoms; (c) a 10 membered bicyclic aryl; (d) a 10 membered bicyclic heterocyclyl optionally substituted
  • R 2 is:
  • X11 is selected from CR 13 R 14 , SiR 13 R 14 , NH and O;
  • X12 is selected from CHR 15 and NH, wherein one or both of X11 and X12 must be carbon;
  • R 10 is selected from hydrogen and methyl;
  • R 11 is selected from hydrogen, OH and CH2NH2;
  • R 12 , R 16 and R 17 are hydrogen
  • R 13 is selected from hydrogen, OH, CH2NH2, NH2, NH(CH3), N(CH3)2, C(NH2)(CH3)2 or NHBoc;
  • R 14 is selected from hydrogen, OH, methyl, ethyl, propyl, CF3, CH2OH, CH2CH2OH, CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 OH, CH 2 OCH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 and -(CH 2 )pyridin-2-yl;
  • R 15 is selected from hydrogen or NH2
  • R 10 and R 11 may join together as CH2NHCH2 to form a fused bicyclic
  • R 10 and R 15 may join together as ethyl or propyl to form a bridged bicyclic
  • R 11 and R 12 may join together as cyclobutane substituted with NH2 to form a spirocyclic
  • R 13 and R 14 may join together as a group selected from cyclopentyl, tetrahydrofuran, azetidine, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene, 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine, 2,3- dihydrobenzofuran, or bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene, optionally substituted with F, Cl, OH, OCH 3 , CN, methyl or NH 2 to form a spirocyclic,
  • R 10 and R 16 may join together as methyl, ethyl, propyl, O or NH to form a bridged bicyclic,
  • R 11 and R 15 may join together as methyl or ethyl to form a bridged bicyclic
  • R 11 and R 16 may join together as methyl, ethyl, or O to form a bridged bicyclic
  • R 11 and R 17 may join together as ethyl to form a bridged bicyclic
  • R 13 and R 15 may join together as NHCH 2 , or cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl wherein the cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl is substituted with NH2 to form a fused bicyclic;
  • R 48 is selected from hydrogen and methyl
  • R a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, methoxy, halogen or cyano, or cyclopropyl;
  • a, b, c and d are selected from 0 and 1.
  • X 1 is selected from CH and N;
  • X2 is selected from CH and N;
  • X 3 is selected from CH and N;
  • L1 is selected from a direct bond, S, CH2, O and NH;
  • R 1 is selected from phenyl, a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl wherein the heteroaryl contains one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, a 10 membered bicyclic aryl, a 9-10 membered bicyclic heterocyclyl wherein the heterocyclyl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur,
  • phenyl, heteroaryl, bicyclic aryl, bicyclic heterocyclyl and bicyclic heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, OH, oxo, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano, OH or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and SO2; R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen and methyl
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, OH and CH2OH;
  • R 48 is selected from hydrogen and methyl
  • R a is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, methoxy, halogen or cyano, or cyclopropyl;
  • X 10 is CH or O
  • x is 1 or 2;
  • y is 1 or 2;
  • z is 0 or 1.
  • X1 is CH, X2 is N and X3 is N; or X1 is N, X2 is N and X3 is CH; or X1 is CH, X2 is CH and X 3 is N;
  • L1 is selected from a direct bond, S, CH2, O or NH;
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, and cyano; (b) a 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and SO 2 ; wherein the heteroaryl contains one or two nitrogen heteroatoms; (c) a 10 membered bicyclic aryl; (d) a 10 membered bicyclic heterocyclyl optionally substituted
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: ,
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen and methyl
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, OH and CH2OH;
  • R a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, methoxy, halogen or cyano, or cyclopropyl;
  • z is 0 or 1.
  • X 1 is selected from CH and N;
  • X2 is selected from CH and N;
  • X 3 is selected from CH and N;
  • L1 is selected from a direct bond, S, CH2, O and NH;
  • R 1 is selected from phenyl, a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl wherein the heteroaryl contains one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, a 10 membered bicyclic aryl, a 9-10 membered bicyclic heterocyclyl wherein the heterocyclyl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur,
  • phenyl, heteroaryl, bicyclic aryl, bicyclic heterocyclyl and bicyclic heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, OH, cyano, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano, OH or C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and SO 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen and methyl
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, OH and CH 2 OH;
  • R 48 is selected from hydrogen and methyl
  • R a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, methoxy, halogen or cyano, or cyclopropyl;
  • X 10 is CH or O
  • x is 1 or 2;
  • y is 1 or 2;
  • z is 0 or 1.
  • X1 is selected from CH and N;
  • X 2 is selected from CH and N;
  • X3 is selected from CH and N;
  • L 1 is selected from a direct bond, S, CH 2 , O or NH;
  • R 1 is selected from phenyl, a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl wherein the heteroaryl contains one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, a 10 membered bicyclic aryl, and a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur,
  • phenyl, heteroaryl, bicyclic aryl and bicyclic heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen and methyl
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, OH and CH2OH;
  • R a is hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, methoxy, halogen or cyano;
  • X10 is CH or O;
  • x is 1 or 2;
  • y is 1 or 2;
  • z is 0 or 1.
  • X 1 is CH, X 2 is N and X 3 is N; or X 1 is N, X 2 is N and X 3 is CH; or X 1 is CH, X 2 is CH and X3 is N;
  • L 1 is selected from a direct bond, S, CH 2 , O or NH;
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, and cyano; (b) a 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one nitrogen heteroatom, wherein the heteroaryl contains one nitrogen heteroatom; (c) a 10 membered bicyclic aryl; and (d) a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen and methyl
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, OH and CH 2 OH;
  • R a is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, methoxy, halogen or cyano; z is 0 or 1.
  • X1 is selected from CH and N; and X2 is selected from CH and N; and X3 is selected from CH and N, wherein only one or two of X1, X2 and X3 may be N.
  • X 1 is selected from CH and N; and X 2 is selected from CH and N; and X3 is selected from CH and N, wherein only one of X1, X2 and X3 may be N.
  • X 1 is CH
  • X 2 is N
  • X 3 is N
  • compounds of the invention have the Formula Ila:
  • X 1 is CH
  • X2 is N
  • X3 is N
  • compounds of the invention have the Formula II:
  • X 1 is N
  • X2 is N
  • X3 is CH
  • compounds of the invention have the Formula Illa:
  • X 1 is N
  • X2 is N
  • X3 is CH
  • compounds of the invention have the Formula III:
  • X 1 is CH
  • X 2 is CH
  • X 3 is N
  • compounds of the invention have the Formula IVa:
  • X 1 is CH
  • X 2 is CH
  • X 3 is N
  • compounds of the invention have the Formula IV:
  • L1 is selected from a direct bond, S, CH2, O or NH. In certain embodiments, L 1 is selected from a direct bond and S. In certain embodiments, L 1 is selected from S, CH2, O or NH. In certain embodiments, L1 is selected from a direct bond, S, O or NH. In certain embodiments, L 1 is selected from a S, O or NH. In certain embodiments, L 1 is selected from a direct bond and S. In certain embodiments, L1 is a direct bond. In certain embodiments, L 1 is S. In certain embodiments, L 1 is CH 2 . In certain embodiments, L 1 is O. In certain embodiments, L1 is NH.
  • compounds of the invention have the Formula Va:
  • R 1 and R 2 are as defined herein.
  • compounds of the invention have the Formula V:
  • R 1 and R 2 are as defined herein.
  • compounds of the invention have the Formula VIa:
  • R 1 and R 2 are as defined herein.
  • compounds of the invention have the Formula VI:
  • R 1 and R 2 are as defined herein.
  • R 1 is selected from phenyl, a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl wherein the heteroaryl contains one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, a 10 membered bicyclic aryl, a 9-10 membered bicyclic heterocyclyl wherein the heterocyclyl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the phenyl, heteroaryl, bicyclic aryl, bicyclic heterocyclyl and bicyclic heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen; oxo; cyano; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH; -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally
  • R 1 is selected from phenyl, a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl wherein the heteroaryl contains one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, a 10 membered bicyclic aryl, a 9-10 membered bicyclic heterocyclyl wherein the heterocyclyl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the phenyl, heteroaryl, bicyclic aryl, bicyclic heterocyclyl and bicyclic heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen; cyano; C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH; -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen,
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, and cyano; (b) a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three selected from halogen; C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and SO2; wherein the heteroaryl contains one, two, three of four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; (c) a 10 membered
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, and cyano; (b) a 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and SO 2 ; wherein the heteroaryl contains one or two nitrogen heteroatoms; (c) a 10 membered bicyclic aryl; (d) a 9-10 membered bicyclic heterocycly
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, and cyano; (b) a 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; C 1 - C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and SO2; wherein the heteroaryl contains one or two nitrogen heteroatoms; (c) a 10 membered bicyclic aryl; (d) a 9-10 membered bicyclic heterocycl
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-chloro-2- trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-chloro-3-methoxyphenyl, 3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-3- methoxyphenyl, 2,3-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl, 2-chloro-3-cyanophenyl, 2-chloro-3- fluorophenyl, 2-amino-3-chloropyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)pyridine-4-yl, 3- chloro-2-methoxypyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-(methylamino)pyridine-4-yl), 3-chloro-2-(3- hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-(methylamin
  • R 1 is selected from phenyl, a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl wherein the heteroaryl contains one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, a 10 membered bicyclic aryl, and a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the phenyl, heteroaryl, bicyclic aryl and bicyclic heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, - O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, and cyano; (b) a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl contains one, two, three of four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; (c) a 10 membered bicyclic aryl optionally substituted with halogen or methyl; and (d) a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, and cyano; (b) a 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one nitrogen heteroatom, wherein the heteroaryl contains one nitrogen heteroatom; (c) a 10 membered bicyclic aryl; and (d) a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with C 1 -C 3 alkyl, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-chloro-2- trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-chloro-3-methoxyphenyl, 3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-3- methoxyphenyl, 2,3-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl, 2-chloro-3-cyanophenyl, 2-chloro-3- fluorophenyl, 2-amino-3-chloropyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)pyridine-4-yl, 3- chloro-2-methoxypyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-(methylamino)pyridine-4-yl), 3-chloro-2-(3- hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl,3-chloro-2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino
  • R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, and cyano. In certain embodiments, R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, trifluoromethyl, methoxy and cyano.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-chloro-2- trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-chloro-3-methoxyphenyl, 3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-3- methoxyphenyl, 2,3-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl, 2-chloro-3-cyanophenyl and 2-chloro-3- fluorophenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, and cyano. In certain embodiments, R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, trifluoromethyl, methoxy and cyano.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-chloro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-chloro-3- methoxyphenyl, 3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl, 2,3-dichloro-4- methoxyphenyl, 2-chloro-3-cyanophenyl and 2-chloro-3-fluorophenyl.
  • R 1 is a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen; cyano; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH; -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano, OH or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and SO2; wherein the heteroaryl contains one, two, three or four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; cyano; C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH; - O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH; NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano, OH or C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and SO 2 ; wherein the heteroaryl contains one, two, three or four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three selected from halogen; C 1 - C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and SO2; wherein the heteroaryl contains one, two, three of four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three selected from halogen; C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and SO2; wherein the heteroaryl contains one or two nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and SO 2 ; wherein the heteroaryl contains one, two, three of four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and SO2; wherein the heteroaryl contains one or two nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and SO 2 ; wherein the heteroaryl contains one or two nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 5 or 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and SO2; wherein the heteroaryl contains one or two nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and SO2.
  • R 1 is pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and SO 2 .
  • R 1 is pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and 5 or 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and SO 2 .
  • R 1 is pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen; C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or OH; methoxy; NHR a ; and a 5 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or oxo, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and SO2.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of 2-amino-3-chloropyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)pyridine-4-yl, 3-chloro-2- methoxypyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-(methylamino)pyridine-4-yl), 3-chloro-2-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin- 1-yl)pyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)pyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-methylpyridin-4- yl, 6-amino-2,3-dichloropyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-(2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-4- yl, 2-amino-3-methylpyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-(1,1-dioxidothiomorpholino)pyridin-4-yl, 3- chlor
  • R 1 is a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl contains one, two, three or four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl contains one, two, three or four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl contains one, two, three of four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one nitrogen heteroatom, wherein the heteroaryl contains one nitrogen heteroatom.
  • R 1 is 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl contains one, two, three of four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl contains one nitrogen heteroatom.
  • R 1 is 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one nitrogen heteroatom, wherein the heteroaryl contains one nitrogen heteroatom.
  • R 1 is 6 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and 5 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one nitrogen heteroatom, wherein the heteroaryl contains one nitrogen heteroatom.
  • R 1 is pyridinyl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is pyridinyl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one nitrogen heteroatom.
  • R 1 is pyridinyl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and 5 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one nitrogen heteroatom.
  • R 1 is pyridinyl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, methoxy, NHR a , and pyrrolidinyl optionally substituted with OH.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of 2-amino-3-chloropyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)pyridine-4-yl, 3-chloro-2-methoxypyridin-4-yl, 3-chloro-2- (methylamino)pyridine-4-yl), 3-chloro-2-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl, and 3-chloro-2- ((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)pyridin-4-yl.
  • R 1 is a 10 membered bicyclic aryl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is a 10 membered bicyclic aryl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, - O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • R 1 is a 10 membered bicyclic aryl optionally substituted with halogen or methyl.
  • R 1 is a 10 membered bicyclic aryl.
  • R 1 is naphthalen-1-yl.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, OH, oxo, cyano, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclyl contains one to three nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen, OH, oxo, cyano, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclyl contains one to three nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, OH, oxo, cyano, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclyl contains one or two nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen, OH and oxo, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclyl contains one or two nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl, 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin- 1(2H)-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl and 3,4-dihydro-1,5-naphthyridin-1(2H)-yl, 3,3-difluoro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl and 7-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5H- cyclopenta[b]pyridin-4-yl.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with: halogen; C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen; -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen; cyano; or NHR a ; wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from: halogen; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen; -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen; cyano; or NHR a ; wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with: halogen; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen; -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen; cyano; or NHR a ; wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, or NHR a , wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, or NHR a , wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with methyl, trifluoromethyl, cyano, halogen or amino, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three methyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano, halogen or amino groups, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms. In certain embodiments, R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three methyl, trifluoromethyl, cyano, halogen or amino groups, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with methyl, trifluoromethyl, cyano, halogen or amino, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of 1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-4-yl, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4-yl, isoquinolin-8-yl, 3H-imidazo[4,5- b]pyridin-7-yl, 6-chloroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl, 6-cyanoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl, 1H- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl, 1,8-naphthyridin-4-yl, 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle contains one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with halogen, C 1 - C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, or cyano, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, or cyano, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with halogen, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -O(C1-C3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, or cyano, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl or halogen, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with C 1 -C 3 alkyl or halogen, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms. In certain embodiments, R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with methyl or halogen, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms. In certain embodiments, R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three methyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl or halogen groups, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three methyl or halogen groups, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms. In certain embodiments, R 1 is a 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with methyl, wherein the bicyclic heteroaryl contains one to three nitrogen heteroatoms. In certain embodiments, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of 1-methyl-1H- indazol-7-yl, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-4-yl, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4-yl and isoquinolin-8-yl.
  • R a is hydrogen; C1-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, methoxy, halogen or cyano; or cyclopropyl. In certain embodiments, R a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, methoxy or cyano, or cyclopropyl. In certain embodiments, R a is hydrogen, methyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, cyclopropylamino or 2-cyano-2- methylpropyl.
  • R a is hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, methoxy, halogen or cyano. In certain embodiments, R a is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH. In certain embodiments, R a is hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with OH. In certain embodiments, R a is hydrogen, methyl or 2-hydroxyethyl.
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 3 and R 4 are selected from hydrogen and methyl;
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, OH and CH 2 OH;
  • x is 1 or 2;
  • y is 1 or 2; and
  • z is 0 or 1.
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • x is 1 or 2.
  • R 2 has the structure:
  • R 2 has the structure:
  • y is 1 or 2.
  • R 2 has the structure:
  • R 2 has the structure
  • x is 1 and y is 1.
  • R 2 has the structure:
  • x is 2 and y is 1.
  • R 2 has the structure:
  • x is 2 and y is 2.
  • R 2 has the structure:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • X 1 o is CH or O.
  • R 2 has the structure:
  • R 2 has the structure:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • z is 0, 1 or 2.
  • R 2 has the structure:
  • R 2 has the structure:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: ,
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is: .
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is:
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen and methyl. In certain embodiments, R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R 3 and R 4 are methyl. In certain embodiments, R 3 is hydrogen and R 4 is methyl.
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, OH and CH2OH. In certain embodiments, R 5 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R 5 is methyl. In certain embodiments, R 5 is OH. In certain embodiments, R 5 is CH 2 OH.
  • R 2 is:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • X11 is selected from CR 13 R 14 , SiR 13 R 14 , NH and O. In certain embodiments, X 11 is selected from CR 13 R 14 , NH and O. In certain embodiments, X 11 is selected from CR 13 R 14 and SiR 13 R 14 . In certain embodiments, X11 is selected from NH and O. In certain embodiments, X 11 is CR 13 R 14 . In certain embodiments, X 11 is SiR 13 R 14 . In certain embodiments, X11 is NH. In certain embodiments, X11 is O.
  • X 12 is selected from CHR 15 and NH. In certain embodiments, X12 is CHR 15 . In certain embodiments, X12 is NH.
  • X 11 is selected from CR 13 R 14 , SiR 13 R 14 , NH and O; and X12 is selected from CHR 15 and NH, wherein one or both of X11 and X12 must be carbon.
  • X11 is CR 13 R 14 ; and X12 is selected from CHR 15 and NH, or X11 is selected from CR 13 R 14 , SiR 13 R 14 , NH and O; and X 12 is CHR 15 .
  • X 11 is CR 13 R 14 ; and X 12 is selected from CHR 15 and NH.
  • X11 is selected from CR 13 R 14 , SiR 13 R 14 , NH and O; and X 12 is CHR 15 .
  • X 11 is CR 13 R 14 ; and X 12 is CHR 15 .
  • X11 is CR 13 R 14 ; and X12 is NH.
  • X11 is SiR 13 R 14 ; and X12 is CHR 15 .
  • X 11 is NH; and X 12 is CHR 15 .
  • X 11 is O; and X12 is CHR 15 .
  • R 10 is selected from hydrogen and alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 10 is selected from hydrogen and C1-C3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 10 is selected from hydrogen and methyl. In certain embodiments, R 10 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R 10 is methyl.
  • R 11 is selected from hydrogen, OH and CH2NH2. In certain embodiments, R 11 is selected from hydrogen, OH and CH 2 NH 2 . In certain embodiments, R 11 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R 11 is OH. In certain embodiments, R 11 is CH2NH2.
  • R 12 , R 16 and R 17 are hydrogen.
  • R 13 is selected from hydrogen, OH, and (C0-C3 alkyl)NR b R c .
  • R 13 is selected from hydrogen, OH, CH2NH2, NH2, NH(CH 3 ), N(CH 3 ) 2 , C(NH 2 )(CH 3 ) 2 or NHBoc.
  • R 13 is hydrogen.
  • R 13 is OH.
  • R 13 is (C0-C3 alkyl)NR b R c .
  • R 13 is CH 2 NH 2 .
  • R 13 is NH 2 .
  • R 13 is NH(CH3).
  • R 13 is N(CH3)2.
  • R 13 is C(NH 2 )(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • R 13 is NHBoc.
  • R b and R c are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and a Boc group. In certain embodiments, R b and R c are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl and a Boc group. In certain embodiments, R b and R c are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl and a Boc group. In certain embodiments, R b is selected from hydrogen, methyl and a Boc group, and R c is hydrogen or methyl. In certain embodiments, R b is selected from hydrogen, methyl and a Boc group, and R c is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R b and R c are independently selected from hydrogen and methyl. In certain embodiments, R b is methyl and R c is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R b and R c are hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R b is a Boc group, R c is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R b is a Boc group, R c is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R b is a Boc group, R c is hydrogen. In
  • R 14 is selected from hydrogen, OH, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, methyl, OCH3 and a heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R 14 is selected from hydrogen, OH, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, methyl, OCH3 and a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl wherein the heteroaryl contains one to three heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In certain embodiments, R 14 is selected from hydrogen, OH, C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, methyl, OCH 3 and a 6 membered heteroaryl wherein the heteroaryl contains one nitrogen heteroatom.
  • R 14 is selected from hydrogen, OH, methyl, ethyl, propyl, CF 3 , CH 2 OH, CH 2 CH 2 OH, CH2C(CH3)2OH, CH2OCH3, CH2CH2OCH3 and -(CH2)pyridin-2-yl.
  • R 15 is selected from hydrogen or NH 2 . In certain embodiments, R 15 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R 15 is NH2.
  • two R groups in R 2 may join together to form a bridged, spirocyclic or fused bicycle. Only one set of two R groups within R 2 may join together to form the bridged, spirocyclic or fused bicyclic, selected from: R 10 and R 11 may join together to form a fused bicyclic, R 10 and R 15 may join together to form a bridged bicyclic, R 11 and R 12 may join together to form a spirocyclic, R 13 and R 14 may join together to form a spirocyclic, R 10 and R 16 may join together to form a bridged bicyclic, R 11 and R 15 may join together to form a bridged bicyclic, R 11 and R 16 may join together to form a bridged bicyclic, R 11 and R 16 may join together to form a bridged bicyclic, R 11 and R 17 may join together to form a bridged bicyclic, or R 13 and R 15 may join together to form a fused bicyclic.
  • R 10 and R 11 may join together as CH2NHCH2 to form a fused bicyclic.
  • R 10 and R 15 may join together as alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 10 and R 15 may join together as C 1 -C 4 alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 10 and R 15 may join together as ethyl or propyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 10 and R 15 may join together as ethyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 10 and R 15 may join together as propyl to form a bridged bicyclic.
  • R 11 and R 12 may join together as alkyl substituted with NH 2 to form a spirocycle. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 12 may join together as C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituted with NH2 to form a spirocycle. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 12 may join together as cyclobutane substituted with NH 2 to form a spirocycle.
  • R 13 and R 14 may join together as a group selected from cycloalkyl, heterocycle, bicyclic carbocycle, and bicyclic heterocycle, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycle, carbocycle and heterocycle are optionally substituted with F, Cl, OH, OCH3, CN, methyl or NH 2 , to form a spirocycle.
  • R 13 and R 14 may join together as a group selected from C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 4 to 6 membered heterocycle wherein the heterocycle contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, saturated or partially unsaturated 8 to 10 membered bicyclic carbocycle, and a saturated or partially unsaturated 8 to 10 membered bicyclic heterocycle wherein the heterocycle contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycle, bicyclic carbocycle and bicyclic heterocycle are optionally substituted with F, Cl, OH, OCH 3 , CN, methyl or NH 2 , to form a spirocycle.
  • R 13 and R 14 may join together as a group selected from C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 4 to 6 membered heterocycle wherein the heterocycle contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen, saturated or partially unsaturated 8 to 10 membered bicyclic carbocycle, and a saturated or partially unsaturated 8 to 10 membered bicyclic heterocycle wherein the heterocycle contains one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycle, bicyclic carbocycle and bicyclic heterocycle are optionally substituted with F, Cl, OH, OCH3, CN, methyl or NH2, to form a spirocycle.
  • R 13 and R 14 may join together as a group selected from C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 4 to 6 membered heterocycle wherein the heterocycle contains one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen, saturated or partially unsaturated 8 to 10 membered bicyclic carbocycle, and a saturated or partially unsaturated 8 to 10 membered bicyclic heterocycle wherein the heterocycle contains one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycle, bicyclic carbocycle and bicyclic heterocycle are optionally substituted with F, Cl, OH, OCH3, CN, methyl or NH2, to form a spirocycle.
  • R 13 and R 14 may join together as a group selected from cyclopentyl, tetrahydrofuran, azetidine, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene, 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine, 2,3- dihydrobenzofuran, or bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene, optionally substituted with F, Cl, OH, OCH3, CN, methyl or NH2, to form a spirocycle.
  • R 10 and R 16 may join together as alkyl, O or NH to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 10 and R 16 may join together as C1-C4 alkyl, O or NH to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 10 and R 16 may join together as C 1 -C 3 alkyl, O or NH to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 10 and R 16 may join together as C 1 -C 3 alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 10 and R 16 may join together as O to form a bridged bicyclic.
  • R 10 and R 16 may join together as NH to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 10 and R 16 may join together as methyl, ethyl, propyl, O or NH, to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 10 and R 16 may join together as methyl, ethyl, or propyl to form a bridged bicyclic.
  • R 11 and R 15 may join together as alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 15 may join together as C1-C4 alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 15 may join together as C1-C3 alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 15 may join together as methyl or ethyl to form a bridged bicyclic.
  • R 11 and R 16 may join together as alkyl or O to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 16 may join together as C 1 -C 4 alkyl or O to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 16 may join together as C1-C3 alkyl or O to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 16 may join together as C 1 -C 3 alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 16 may join together as methyl, ethyl, or O, to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 16 may join together as methyl or ethyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 16 may join together as O to form a bridged bicyclic.
  • R 11 and R 17 may join together as alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 17 may join together as C 1 -C 4 alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 17 may join together as C1-C3 alkyl to form a bridged bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 11 and R 17 may join together as ethyl to form a bridged bicyclic.
  • R 13 and R 15 may join together as NHCH2, or cycloalkyl substituted with NH2 to form a fused bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 may join together as NHCH 2 , or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl substituted with NH 2 to form a fused bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 may join together as NHCH2, or cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl wherein the cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl are substituted with NH 2 to form a fused bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 may join together as NHCH2 to form a fused bicyclic. In certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 may join together as cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl wherein the cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl are substituted with NH2 to form a fused bicyclic.
  • a, b, c and d are selected from 0 and 1.
  • a, b, c, and d are 1, wherein R 2 is:
  • a is 0, and b, c, and d are 1, wherein R 2 is:
  • a and b are 0 and c and d are 1, wherein R 2 is:
  • a, b and c are 0 and d is 1, wherein R 2 is:
  • a, b and d are 0 and c is 1, wherein R 2 is:
  • a, b, c and d are 0, wherein R 2 is:
  • R 48 is selected from hydrogen and methyl. In certain embodiments, R 48 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R 48 is methyl.
  • a compound of Examples 1 to 221 are provided.
  • a compound of Examples 1-6, 8-20, 22-46, 48, 49, and 51-221 are provided.
  • a compound of Examples 1-4, 6, 8-20, 22-33, 35-45, 48, 49 and 51-221 are provided.
  • a compound of Examples 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12-18, 20, 22, 24-33, 35, 36, 38-45, 48, 49 and 51-221 are provided.
  • a compound of Examples 1 to 51 In certain embodiments, a compound of Examples 1-6, 8-20, 22-46, 48, 49 and 51. In certain embodiments, a compound of Examples 1-4, 6, 8-20, 22-33, 35-45, 48, 49 and 51. In certain embodiments, a compound of Examples 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12-18, 20, 22, 24-33, 35, 36, 38-45, 48, 49 and 51.
  • a compound of Formula I, la, II, Ila, III, Ilia, IV, IVa, V, Va, VI or Via is provided.
  • a compound of Formula I, la, II, Ila, III, Ilia, IV, IVa, V, Va, VI or Via is provided, with the proviso that the compound is not Example 7, 21, 47 or 50.
  • a compound of Formula I, la, II, Ila, III, Ilia, IV, IVa, V, Va, VI or Via is provided, with the proviso that the compound is not Example 5, 7, 21, 34, 46, 47 or 50.
  • a compound of Formula I, la, II, Ila, III, Ilia, IV, IVa, V, Va, VI or Via is provided, with the proviso that the compound is not Example 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 19, 21, 23, 34, 37, 46, 47 or 50.
  • a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI is provided.
  • a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI is provided, with the proviso that the compound is not Example 7, 21, 47 or 50. In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI is provided, with the proviso that the compound is not Example 5, 7, 21, 34, 46, 47 or 50. In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI is provided, with the proviso that the compound is not Example 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 19, 21, 23, 34, 37, 46, 47 or 50.
  • Compounds described herein may be synthesized by synthetic routes that include processes analogous to those well-known in the chemical arts, particularly in light of the description contained herein.
  • the starting materials are generally available from commercial sources such as Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA), or TCI (Portland, OR), or are readily prepared using methods well known to those skilled in the art (e.g., prepared by methods generally described in Louis F. Fieser and Mary Fieser, Reagents for Organic Synthesis. v.1-23, New York: Wiley 1967-2006 ed. (also available via the Wiley InterScience® website), or Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie, 4, Aufl. ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, including supplements (also available via the Beilstein online database)).
  • Schemes 1-3 show general methods for preparing the compounds described herein, as well as key intermediates. For a more detailed description of the individual reaction steps, see the Examples section below. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other synthetic routes may be used to synthesize the compounds. Although specific starting materials and reagents are depicted in the Schemes and discussed below, other starting materials and reagents can be easily substituted to provide a variety of derivatives and/or reaction conditions. In addition, many of the compounds prepared by the methods described below can be further modified in light of this disclosure using conventional chemistry well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Scheme 1 shows a general scheme for the synthesis of compound 1.4.
  • 6- Chloropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-2(1H)-one 1.1 may be reacted with POCl 3 or triflic anhydride (“Tf2O”) to give pyridopyrazine 1.2, where R i is Cl or triflate (“OTf”).
  • Pyridopyrazine 1.2 may be subjected to a S N AR reaction to provide pyridopyrazine 1.3, where R 2 is defined herein.
  • a further SNAR reaction of pyridopyrazine 1.3 gives pyridopyrazine 1.4, where La is S, CH, O or NH, and R 1 is as defined herein.
  • a Negisi or copper coupling may be used to also provide pyridopyrazine 1.4.
  • Scheme 2 shows a general scheme for preparing pyridopyrazine 2.1, wherein R 1 and R 2 are as defined herein.
  • Pyridopyrazine 1.3 may be subjected to a Suzuki reaction to provide pyridopyrazine 2.1.
  • Scheme 3 shows a general scheme for preparing compound 3.4, wherein R j is I, Br or Cl, R k1 is selected from halogen and methyl; R k2 is selected from cyano, -O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, NHR a , and 3 to 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with halogen, cyano or OH, wherein the heterocycle is nitrogen linked and contains one or two nitrogen heteroatoms; and R m is hydrogen, Na or K.
  • Compound 3.1, where X is C or N may be subjected to a S N AR reaction to provide compound 3.2.
  • Compound 3.2 may be subjected to a Buchwald cross coupling to provide compound 3.3.
  • Compound 3.3 is reacted with sodium ethoxide to provide compound 3.4.
  • reaction products from one another and/or from starting materials.
  • the desired products of each step or series of steps is separated and/or purified (hereinafter separated) to the desired degree of homogeneity by the techniques common in the art.
  • separations involve multiphase extraction, crystallization from a solvent or solvent mixture, distillation, sublimation, or chromatography.
  • Chromatography can involve any number of methods including, for example: reverse-phase and normal phase; size exclusion; ion exchange; high, medium and low pressure liquid chromatography methods and apparatus; small scale analytical; simulated moving bed (“SMB”) and preparative thin or thick layer chromatography, as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and flash chromatography.
  • SMB simulated moving bed
  • Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization.
  • Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride), separating the diastereomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereoisomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers.
  • an appropriate optically active compound e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride
  • Enantiomers can also be separated by use of a chiral HPLC column.
  • a single stereoisomer, e.g., an enantiomer, substantially free of its stereoisomer may be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixture using a method such as formation of diastereomers using optically active resolving agents (Eliel, E. and Wilen, S. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994; Lochmuller, C. H, et al. “Chromatographic resolution of enantiomers: Selective review.” J Chromatogr Vol. 113, No. 3 (1975): pp. 283-302).
  • Racemic mixtures of chiral compounds described herein may be separated and isolated by any suitable method, including: (1) formation of ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and separation by fractional crystallization or other methods, (2) formation of diastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing reagents, separation of the diastereomers, and conversion to the pure stereoisomers, and (3) separation of the substantially pure or enriched stereoisomers directly under chiral conditions. See: Wainer, Irving W., ed. Drug Stereochemistry: Analytical Methods and Pharmacology. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1993.
  • diastereomeric salts can be formed by reaction of enantiomerically pure chiral bases such as brucine, quinine, ephedrine, strychnine, a-methyl-b- phenylethylamine (amphetamine), and the like with asymmetric compounds bearing acidic functionality, such as carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid.
  • the diastereomeric salts may be induced to separate by fractional crystallization or ionic chromatography.
  • the substrate to be resolved is reacted with one enantiomer of a chiral compound to form a diastereomeric pair (Eliel, E. and Wilen, S. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994, p. 322).
  • Diastereomeric compounds can be formed by reacting asymmetric compounds with enantiomerically pure chiral derivatizing reagents, such as menthyl derivatives, followed by separation of the diastereomers and hydrolysis to yield the pure or enriched enantiomer.
  • a method of determining optical purity involves making chiral esters, such as a menthyl ester, e.g., (-) menthyl chloroformate in the presence of base, or Mosher ester, a-methoxy-a- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl acetate (Jacob III, Peyton. “Resolution of ( ⁇ )-5-Bromonomicotine. Synthesis of ( R )- and (S)-Nornicotine of High Enantiomeric Purity.” J. Org Chem Vol. 47, No. 21 (1982): pp.
  • chiral esters such as a menthyl ester, e.g., (-) menthyl chloroformate in the presence of base, or Mosher ester, a-methoxy-a- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl acetate (Jacob III, Peyton. “Resolution of ( ⁇ )-5-Bromonomicotine. Synthesis of ( R )- and
  • Stable diastereomers of atropisomeric compounds can be separated and isolated by normal- and reverse-phase chromatography following methods for separation of atropisomeric naphthyl-isoquinolines (WO 96/15111).
  • a racemic mixture of two enantiomers can be separated by chromatography using a chiral stationary phase (Lough, W.J., ed. Chiral Liquid Chromatography. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1989; Okamoto, Yoshio, et al. “Optical resolution of dihydropyridine enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography using phenylcarbamates of polysaccharides as a chiral stationary phase.” J. of Chromatogr. Vol. 513 (1990): pp. 375-378).
  • Enriched or purified enantiomers can be distinguished by methods used to distinguish other chiral molecules with asymmetric carbon atoms, such as optical rotation and circular dichroism.
  • the compounds described herein may be administered by any convenient route appropriate to the condition to be treated. Suitable routes include oral, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural), transdermal, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal, intraperitoneal, intrapulmonary and intranasal.
  • the compounds may be administered in any convenient administrative form, e.g., tablets, powders, capsules, solutions, dispersions, suspensions, syrups, sprays, suppositories, gels, emulsions, patches, etc.
  • Such compositions may contain components conventional in pharmaceutical preparations, e.g., diluents, carriers, pH modifiers, sweeteners, bulking agents, and further active agents. If parenteral administration is desired, the compositions will be sterile and in a solution or suspension form suitable for injection or infusion.
  • a typical formulation is prepared by mixing a compound described herein and a carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • Suitable carriers, diluents and excipients are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in detail in, e.g., Ansel, Howard C., et al., Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2004; Gennaro, Alfonso R., et al. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2000; and Rowe, Raymond C. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. Chicago, Pharmaceutical Press, 2005.
  • the formulations may also include one or more buffers, stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents, diluents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound described herein or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament).
  • buffers stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents, diluents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound described herein or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the
  • One embodiment includes a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a further embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • a method of treating a hyperproliferative disease in a mammal comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal is provided.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating or preventing cancer in a mammal in need of such treatment, wherein the method comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating or preventing pain in a mammal in need of such treatment, wherein the method comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating or preventing an inflammatory disorder in a mammal in need of such treatment, wherein the method comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of inhibiting SHP2 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in a cell comprising treating the cell with a compound according to Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of inhibiting SHP2 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in a cell comprising treating the cell with a compound according to Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in an amount effective to attenuate or eliminate SHP2 kinase activity.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of inhibiting SHP2 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in a patient in need thereof comprising the step of administering to said patient a compound according to Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating or ameliorating the severity of a hyperproliferative disorder in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to said patient a compound according to Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating or ameliorating the severity of a hyperproliferative disorder in a patient in need thereof comprising co-administering to said patient a compound according to Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with at least one other chemotherapeutic agent used to treat or ameliorate the hyperproliferative disorder.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating or ameliorating the severity of pain in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to said patient a compound according to Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating or ameliorating the severity of an inflammatory disorder in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to said patient a compound according to Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a method of treating or preventing a disease or disorder modulated by SHP2 comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • diseases and disorders include, but are not limited to, hyperproliferative diseases, such as cancer, and pain or inflammatory diseases.
  • Another embodiment provides the use of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a hyperproliferative disease.
  • Another embodiment provides the use of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer.
  • Another embodiment provides the use of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of pain.
  • Another embodiment provides the use of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of an inflammatory disease.
  • Another embodiment provides the use of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases.
  • Another embodiment provides the use of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer.
  • Another embodiment provides the use of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of pain.
  • Another embodiment provides the use of a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI, or a stereoisomer, tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
  • the hyperproliferative disease is cancer.
  • the cancer may be selected from melanoma, juvenile myelomoncytic leukemias, neuroblastoma, Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid, Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemias, acute myeloid leukemias, myeloproliferative neoplasms (such as Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia and Primary Myelofibrosis), breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, squamous- cell carcinoma of the head and neck, glioblastoma, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, thyroid carcinoma, and spitzoid neoplasms.
  • melanoma juvenile myelomoncytic leukemias, neuroblastoma, Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid, Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemias, acute
  • the cancer is melanoma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is juvenile myelomoncytic leukemias. In certain embodiments, the cancer is neuroblastoma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid. In certain embodiments, the cancer is Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemias. In certain embodiments, the cancer is acute myeloid leukemias. In certain embodiments, the cancer is myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia and Primary Myelofibrosis.
  • the cancer is selected from the group consisting of Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia and Primary Myelofibrosis.
  • the cancer is Polycythemia Vera.
  • the cancer is Essential Thrombocythemia.
  • the cancer is Primary Myelofibrosis.
  • the cancer is breast cancer.
  • the cancer is lung cancer.
  • the cancer is liver cancer.
  • the cancer is colorectal cancer.
  • the cancer is esophageal cancer.
  • the cancer is gastric cancer.
  • the cancer is squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
  • the cancer is glioblastoma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is thyroid carcinoma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is spitzoid neoplasms.
  • the cancer is selected from the group consisting of NSCLC, a colon cancer, an esophageal cancer, a rectal cancer, JMML, breast cancer, melanoma, and a pancreatic cancer.
  • the disease or disorder may be selected from Neurofibramatosis and Noonan Syndrome. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is Neurofibramatosis. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is Noonan Syndrome.
  • the disease or disorder is Schwannomatosis.
  • the disease or disorder comprising a cell containing a mutation encoding the KRAS G12C variant. See WO 2019/051084.
  • the hyperproliferative disease is a disease or disorder comprising a cell with a mutation encoding an NF1 loss of function (“NF1 LOF ”) variant.
  • the NF1 mutation is a loss of function mutation.
  • the disease or disorder is a tumor comprising cells with an NF1 loss of function mutation.
  • the tumor is an NSCLC or melanoma tumor.
  • the disease is selected from neurofibromatosis type I, neurofibromatosis type II, schwannomatosis, and Watson syndrome.
  • the disease or disorder associated with a RAS pathway mutation in a cell of the subject that renders the cell at least partially dependent on signaling flux through SHP2.
  • the RAS pathway mutation is a RAS mutation selected from a KRAS mutation, an NRAS mutation, a SOS mutation, a BRAF Class III mutation, a Class I MEKl mutation, a Class II MEKl mutation, and an F1 mutation.
  • the KRAS mutation is selected from a KRAS G12A mutation, a KRAS G12C mutation, a KRAS G12D mutation, a KRAS G12F mutation, a KRAS G12l mutation, a KRAS G12L mutation, a KRAS G12R mutation, a KRAS G12S mutation, a KRAS G12V mutation, and a KRAS G12Y mutation.
  • the KRAS mutation is a KRAS G12A mutation.
  • the KRAS mutation is a KRAS G12C mutation.
  • the KRAS mutation is a KRAS G12D mutation.
  • the KRAS mutation is a KRAS G12F mutation. In certain embodiments, the KRAS mutation is a KRAS G12l mutation. In certain embodiments, the KRAS mutation is a KRAS G12L mutation. In certain embodiments, the KRAS mutation is a KRAS G12R mutation. In certain embodiments, the KRAS mutation is a KRAS G12S mutation. In certain embodiments, the KRAS mutation is a KRAS G12V mutation. In certain embodiments, the KRAS mutation is a KRAS G12Y mutation.
  • the BRAF Class III mutation is selected from one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in human BRAF: D287H; P367R; V459L; G466V; G466E; G466A; S467L; G469E; N581S; N581I; D594N; D594G; D594A; D594H; F595L; G596D; G596R and A762E.
  • the Class I MEKl mutation is selected from one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in human MEKl: D67N; P124L; P124S; and L177V.
  • the Class II MEKl mutation is selected from one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in human MEKl: AE51-Q58; AF53-Q58; E203K; L177M; C121S; F53L; K57E; Q56P; and K57N.
  • the compounds described herein and stereoisomers, tautomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may be employed alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents for treatment.
  • the compounds described herein may be used in combination with one or more additional drugs, for example an anti-hyperproliferative (or anti-cancer) agent that works through action on a different target protein.
  • the second compound of the pharmaceutical combination formulation or dosing regimen preferably has complementary activities to the compound described herein, such that they do not adversely affect each other.
  • Such molecules are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended.
  • the compounds may be administered together in a unitary pharmaceutical composition or separately and, when administered separately this may occur simultaneously or sequentially in any order. Such sequential administration may be close in time or remote in time.
  • the compound of Formula I is administered in combination with an inhibitor of the RAS pathway.
  • the inhibitor of the RAS pathway is a MEK inhibitor or ERK inhibitor.
  • the inhibitor of the Ras pathway is selected from one or more of trametinib, binimetinib, selumetinib, cobimetinib, LErafAON (NeoPharm), ISIS 5132; vemurafenib, pimasertib, TAK733, R04987655 (CH4987655); CI-1040; PD-0325901; CH5126766; MAP855; AZD6244; Refametinib (RDEA 119/BAY 86-9766); GDC-0973/XL581; AZD8330 (ARRY-424704/ARRY-704); R05126766; ARS-853; LY3214996; BVD523; GSK11202
  • a fluorescence intensity kinetic assay was configured for full-length SHP2 that monitors the amount of 6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (“DiFMU”) formed upon hydrolysis of 6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (“DiFMUP”) by SHP2.
  • DIFMU 6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin
  • DIFMUP 6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate
  • Assay mixtures consisted of 25 mM K + HEPES, pH 7.4, 0.01% Triton X-100, 1 mM DTT, 50 mM KCl, 100 ⁇ g/mL bovine g-globulin, 50 ⁇ M DiFMUP, 1 ⁇ M SHP2 activating peptide (LN(pY)IDLDLV(dPEG8)LST(pY)ASINFQK-amide), 1 nM full-length SHP2 (His6-tagged SHP2(2-527), recombinantly expressed in E. coli and purified in-house) and 2% dimethylsulfoxide (“DMSO”) (from compound).
  • DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
  • a 4-parameter logistic model was the fit to the POC data for each compound. From that fit, the IC50 was estimated and is defined as the concentration of compound at which the curve crosses 50 POC.
  • Table 1 contains representative data for Examples disclosed herein.
  • the reported IC 50 in Table 1 may be from a single assay or the mean of multiple assays.
  • Examples 1-51 were tested in the above assay and were found to have an IC50 of less than 10 ⁇ M.
  • Examples 1-51 were tested in the above assay and were found to have an IC 50 of less than 9.5 ⁇ M.
  • Examples 1-6, 8- 20, 22-46, 48, 49 and 51 were tested in the above assay and were found to have an IC50 of less than 5 mM.
  • Examples 1-4, 6, 8-20, 22-33, 35-45, 48, 49 and 51 were tested in the above assay and were found to have an IC50 of 2.5 mM or less.
  • Examples 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12-18, 20, 22, 24-33, 35, 36, 38-45, 48, 49 and 51 were tested in the above assay and were found to have an IC 50 of 1 mM or less.
  • Table 1 contains Examples tested in the above assay:
  • Inhibition of ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) phosphorylation was determined by the following cellular assay, which comprises incubating cells with a compound for 1 hour and quantifying pERK signal by In-Cell Western on fixed cells and normalizing to GAPDH signal.
  • KYSE520 cells were obtained from DSMZ and grown in RPMI supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, pennicillin/streptomycin, 2 mM L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide in 0.85% NaCl (Glutamax TM ), non-essential amino acids, and sodium pyruvate. Cells were plated in 96-well plates at 30,000 cells/well and allowed to attach overnight at 37 °C/5% CO2.
  • Cells were treated with compounds prepared as a 10-point, 1:3 dilution series (range: 20mM– 1nM), with a final DMSO concentration of 0.5%. After 1 hour incubation, cells were fixed in 3.7% formaldehyde in Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (“dPBS”) at room temperature for 20 minutes. Cells were then washed with dPBS and permeabilized in 100% MeOH at room temperature for 10 minutes. Following permeabilization, cells were washed in dPBS and incubated in LI-COR Blocking Buffer (LI-COR Biosciences, Cat#927-40000) for 1 hour or longer.
  • dPBS Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline
  • pErk1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) antibody was diluted in LI-COR blocking buffer containing 0.05% polysorbate-20 (Tween-20) at 1:250; GAPDH was diluted at 1:2,500. The plates were incubated overnight at 4 °C.
  • Table 2 contains selected Examples tested in the above assay:
  • N-Ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (3.0 mL, 16 mmol) was added to a slurry of 6-chloropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-2(1H)-one (2.0 g, 11 mmol) in dichloromethane (“DCM”) (110 mL, 11 mmol) cooled to 0 °C, follwed by Tf2O (2.1 mL, 13 mmol). The reaction was held at 0 °C for 30 minutes.
  • DCM dichloromethane
  • Step A 3-Mercaptopropionic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (2.3 mL, 22 mmol) and Hunig's base (6.9 mL, 39 mmol) were added to a mixture of 3-chloro-4-iodopyridin-2-amine (5.0 g, 20 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.22 g, 0.98 mmol) and xantphos (1.1 g, 2.0 mmol) in dioxane (65 mL, 20 mmol) under Ar gas. The reaction was heated to 100 °C under argon for 18 hours. The reaction was diluted in EtOAc and filtered through diatomaceous silica (Celite ® ). The filtrate was concentrated to provide methyl 3-((2-amino-3-chloropyridin-4-yl)thio)propanoate (4.3 g, 17 mmol, 88% yield).
  • Step B NaOEt (7.1 mL, 19 mmol) was added to methyl 3-((2-amino-3- chloropyridin-4-yl)thio)propanoate (4.3 g, 17 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (“THF”) (87 mL, 17 mmol) and was stirred under N2 for 1 hour at room temperature. DCM (20 mL) was added, and this mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. The reaction was concentrated, and the solid was titrated with DCM, filtered, and dried. The solids were brought up in water (slurry), and 1N HCl was added to bring the pH to about 6.
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • Step A 3-Chloro-2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine (4.0 g, 16 mmol) and pyrrolidine (3.9 mL, 46 mmol) were placed in DMSO (20 mL) and heated to 70 °C for 30 minutes. Water was added, and the mixture was extracted with ether. The ether layers were washed with water, dried, filtered and concentrated to provide 3-chloro-4-iodo-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridine (4.5 g, 14 mmol, 93% yield).
  • Step B 3-Chloro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridine-4-thiol was prepared according to Intermediate Example B, substituting 3-chloro-4-iodo-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridine for 3- chloro-4-iodopyridin-2-amine in Step A.
  • Intermediate Example F 3-Chloro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridine-4-thiol was prepared according to Intermediate Example B, substituting 3-chloro-4-iodo-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridine for 3- chloro-4-iodopyridin-2-amine in Step A.
  • 1 H NMR 400 MHz,
  • Step A Tetraethoxytitanium (5.0 g, 22 mmol) and (R)-2-methylpropane-2- sulfinamide (1.4 g, 12 mmol) were added to a solution of 8-boc-1-oxo-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decane (1.4 g, 5.5 mmol) in THF (37 mL, 5.5 mmol). The reaction was heated to 65 °C overnight. The solution was cooled to 0 °C, and MeOH (20 mL) was added followed by dropwise addition of LiBH 4 (5.5 mL, 11 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 1 hour.
  • Step A 3-Mercaptopropionic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (0.47 mL, 4.3 mmol) and Hunig's base (1.4 mL, 7.9 mmol) were added to a mixture of 3-chloro-4-iodo-2-methylpyridine (1.0 g, 3.945 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.044 g, 0.20 mmol) and xantphos (0.230 g, 0.40 mmol) in dioxane (13 mL, 4.0 mmol) under Ar gas. The reaction was heated to 100 °C under Argon for 18 hours. The reaction was diluted in EtOAc (60 mL) and filtered through Celite®.
  • Step B NaOEt (1.6 mL, 4.3 mmol) was added to methyl 3-((3-chloro-2- methylpyridin-4-yl)thio)propanoate (962 mg, 3.9 mmol) in THF (20 mL, 3.9 mmol) and was stirred under N2 for 1 hour at room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured onto ether, and solids were filtered and washed with ether to provide sodium 3-chloro-2-methylpyridine- 4-thiolate (701 mg, 3.9 mmol, 99 % yield).
  • Step A A mixture of tert-butyl 4-formylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (30 g, 140.84 mmol), lithium tert-butoxide (13.4 g, 169 mmol) and allyl bromide (10.2 mL, 161.96 mmol) in DMF (288 mL) was stirred for 15 minutes at 0 °C. The mixture was poured into a separating funnel containing saturated aqueous NH4Cl:H2O (1:1, 160 mL), and it was extracted with EtOAc (5 X 60 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • Step B Vinyl magnesium bromide (1M in THF, 102 mL, 102.92 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-formyl-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (21 g, 83.00 mmol) in THF (260 mL) at -78 °C under N2 atmosphere. The resulting solution was gradually warmed to room temperature within 1 hour. The mixture was poured into a separation funnel containing saturated aqueous solution of NH4Cl (60 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 X 100 mL).
  • Step C Dess-Martin periodinane (54g, 128.11 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(1-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-yl)-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (18 g, 64.05 mmol) in DCM (240 mL) and was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite®, the filtrate was poured into a separation funnel containing saturated NaHCO3 solution, and was extracted with DCM. The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a yellow semi-solid (20 g).
  • Step D Grubbs II (1.3 g, 1.61 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of tert- butyl 4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-4-(prop-2-enoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (15 g, 53.76 mmol) in toluene (degassed, 540 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred for 45 minutes at 85 °C.
  • Step E A mixture of CuCl (532 mg, 5.37 mmol), (S)-Tol-BINAP (3.6 g, 5.37 mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (517 mg, 5.37 mmol) in THF (45 mL) was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature.
  • Step F tert-Butyldimethylsilyl chloride (1.9 g, 13.0 mmol) was added to the stirred solution of imidazole (817 mg, 12.0 mmol) in dry DMF (27 mL) at 0 °C and stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature.
  • tert-Butyl (3R)-3-hydroxy-1-oxo-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-8- carboxylate (2.7 g, 10.0 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and allowed to stir at room temperature for 4 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted by addition of cold water and extracted with EtOAc (2 X 30 mL). The combined organic layer was then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • Step G A solution of tert-butyl (3R)-3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-oxo-8- azaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate (7.4 g, 27.3 mmol), titanium (IV) ethoxide (22.8 mL, 109.2 mmol), and (R)-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (6.6 g, 54.6 mmol) in THF (80 mL) was stirred for 4 hours at 65 °C. Water was added to the reaction mixture, stirred for 15 minutes, and filtered through a pad of Celite®.
  • Step H A solution of tert-butyl(1E,3R)-3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-1- ⁇ [(R)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinyl]imino ⁇ -8 azaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate (745 mg, 1.53 mmol) in THF (7 mL) was cooled to -78 °C followed by addition of MeOH (0.07 mL). Lithium borohydride (84 mg, 3.83 mmol) was added, and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours at -78 °C.
  • Step I TBAF solution (1.0M in THF, 2.3 mL, 2.29 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of tert-butyl (1R,3R)-3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-1- ⁇ [(R)-2-methylpropane-2- sulfinyl]amino ⁇ -8-azaspiro [4.5]decane-8-carboxylate (745 mg, 1.52mmol) in THF (7 mL) at room temperature and allowed to stir for 2 hours at the same temperature. At completion, the reaction mixture was treated with saturated NaHCO 3 solution and extracted with EtOAc (2 X 20 mL).
  • Step J tert-Butyl (1R,3R)-3-hydroxy-1- ⁇ [(R)-2-methylpropane-2- sulfinyl]amino ⁇ -8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.53 mmol) was added to a solution of TFA/DCM (2 mL, 1:10) at 0 °C and stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated. The obtained residue was dissolved in MeOH (0.5 mL), and solid NaHCO 3 was added to the reaction mixture. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • Step A LiHMDS (1M in THF; 26 mL, 26.99 mmol) was added drop wise to a stirred solution of 5,6-dichloropyridin-2-amine (2.0 g, 12.27 mmol) in THF (64 mL) at 0 °C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at the same temperature. Boc2O (3.1 mL, 13.49 mmol) was added and stirred for 15 minutes at this temperature. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for another 30 minutes. After completion (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was quenched with ice-cooled water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X 30 mL).
  • Step B n-BuLi (1.9M in THF; 4 mL, 7.63 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of diisopropylamine (1.1 mL, 7.63 mmol) in THF (8 mL) at -78 °C and stirred for 1 hour. Then a solution of tert-butyl (5,6-dichloropyridin-2-yl)carbamate (1.0 g, 3.82 mmol) in THF (6 mL) was added at same temperature and stirred at -78 °C for another 2 hours.
  • Step C DIPEA (9.0 mL, 51.54 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of tert- butyl (5,6-dichloro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)carbamate (10.0 g, 25.77 mmol) and 3-mercapto- propionic acid methyl ester (3.2 mL, 28.35 mmol) in dioxane (150 mL) and degassed with argon for 15 minutes.
  • Xantphos (0.75 g, 1.28 mmol) and Pd(OAc) 2 (0.35 g, 1.54 mmol) were added and degassed for another 10 minutes with argon.
  • reaction mixture was stirred in preheated oil bath at 100 °C for 4 hours. After completion (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was filtered through Ccelite® pad and washed with ethyl acetate (2 X 80 mL). Solvent was evaporated and crude was purified through flash silica gel column chromatography using 20% ethyl acetate in hexane as an eluant to afford methyl 3-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)- 2,3-dichloropyridin-4-yl)thio)propanoate (8.1 g, 82%). LCMS: 381.0 (M + H).
  • Step D NaOEt (21% wt. in EtOH; 4.7 mL, 14.47 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of methyl 3-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2,3-dichloropyridin-4- yl)thio)propanoate (5.0 g, 13.16 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at 0 °C and stirred for 40 minutes at the same temperature.
  • Step A Rel-(1S*,5R*,6R*)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-8-oxa-3- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carboxylic acid (365 mg, 1.42 mmol) was diluted with tert-butanol (7 mL), followed by the addition of triethylamine (395 ⁇ L, 2.84 mmol) and dropwise addition of diphenylphosphoryl azide (336 ⁇ L, 1.56 mmol).
  • Step B tert-Butyl (1S*,5S*,6R*)-6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-8-oxa-3- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carboxylate (146 mg, 0.45 mmol) was diluted with DCM (2 mL), followed by the addition of TFA (2 mL). After stirring for 3 hours, the reaction was concentrated to afford (1R*,5R*,6S*)-8-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-amine (57 mg, 0.45 mmol, 100% yield).
  • Step B Xantphos (0.21 g, 0.35 mmol), potassium ethanethioate (0.40 g, 3.5 mmol) and Pd2(dba)3 (0.19 g, 0.21 mmol) were added to a solution of (S)-(1-(3-chloro-4- iodopyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanol (1.2 g, 3.5 mmol) in dioxanes (15 mL). The reaction was sparged with argon for 10 minutes and heated to 80 °C for 2 hours. The reaction was filtered through GF/F paper and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Step C Ammonium hydroxide (0.70 mL, 13 mmol) was added to a solution of (S)-S-(3-chloro-2-(2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl) ethanethioate (0.90 g, 3.1 mmol) in THF (15 mL), and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo, and water was added to the residue. The water was acidified to about pH 5 using 1N HCl. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc.
  • Step B Xantphos (0.062 g, 0.11 mmol), Hunig's Base (0.37 mL, 2.1 mmol), 2- ethylhexyl 3-mercaptopropanoate (0.23 g, 1.1 mmol), and Pd 2 (dba) 3 (0.058 g, 0.064 mmol) were added to a solution of 1-(3-chloro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)piperidin-4-ol (0.36 g, 1.1 mmol) in dioxanes (2 mL). The reaction was sparged with argon for 10 minutes and heated to 100 °C for 2 hours.
  • reaction was cooled, filtered through GF/F paper and concentrated in vacuo.
  • THF 5 mL
  • sodium ethanolate (0.34 g, 1.1 mmol) were added to the residue, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • the reaction was diluted with DCM, stirred 10 minutes and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the material was taken up in water, made basic with NaOH, and the aqueous layer washed with EtOAc. The layers were separated. The aqueous layer was acidified with 1M HCl and extracted twice with EtOAc.
  • Step B Xantphos (0.089 g, 0.15 mmol), Hunig's Base (0.54 mL, 3.1 mmol), 2- ethylhexyl 3-mercaptopropanoate (0.34 g, 1.5 mmol), and Pd2(dba)3 (0.085 g, 0.092 mmol) were added to a solution of 4-(3-chloro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)morpholine (0.50 g, 1.5 mmol) in dioxanes (2 mL). The reaction was sparged with argon for 10 minutes and heated to 100 °C for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled, filtered through GF/F paper and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Step A Xantphos (0.13 g, 0.22 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (0.12 g, 0.13 mmol), N-ethyl- N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (0.79 mL, 4.4 mmol) and 2-ethylhexyl 3-mercaptopropanoate (0.48 g, 2.2 mmol) were added to a solution of (3,4-dichloropyridin-2-yl)methanol (0.39 g, 2.2 mmol) in dioxanes (4 mL). The reaction was sparged with argon for 10 minutes and heated to 100 °C overnight.
  • Step B Xantphos (0.087 g, 0.15 mmol), Pd 2 (dba) 3 (0.083 g, 0.090 mmol), and 2-ethylhexyl 3-mercaptopropanoate (0.33 g, 1.5 mmol) were added to a solution of (S)-(1-(3- chloro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)methanol (0.51 g, 1.5 mmol) in dioxanes (4 mL). The reaction was sparged with argon for 10 minutes and heated to 100 °C for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled, filtered through GF/F paper and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Step A tert-Butyl 1-oxo-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'- carboxylate (1.0 g, 3.32 mmol) and (R)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (1.21 g, 10.0 mmol) were placed in THF (10 mL). Ti(OEt)4 (4.87 mL, 23.23 mmol) was added, and the reaction was heated to 65 °C for 2 days. The reaction was cooled, and EtOAc was added, followed by water. The solids were filtered off, and the layers were separated. The organic layer was dried, filtered and concentrated to provide crude material that was used in the next step.
  • Step B tert-Butyl (R,E)-1-((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene- 2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (1.32 g, 3.26 mmol) was placed in THF (15 mL) and cooled to -45 °C. NaBH4 (0.19 g, 4.89 mmol) was added, and the reaction was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature and was stirred for 18 hours. Water was added, and the mixture was extracted with DCM (3 X 25 mL).
  • Step A tert-Butyl 3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate (1 g, 5.49 mmol) was dissolved in THF (15 mL) and cooled to -78 °C. N-Lithiohexamethyldisilazane (6.86 mL, 6.86 mmol) was added to the solution dropwise. A solution of 1-(bromomethyl)-2-iodobenzene (1.79 g, 6.04 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added to the mixture via syringe under nitrogen. After 3 hours, the reaction was quenched with sat NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 15 mL).
  • Step B tert-Butyl 3-cyano-3-(2-iodobenzyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (1.6 g, 4.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (40 mL), and the solution was cooled to -78 °C.
  • n-Butyl lithium (1.9 mL, 4.8 mmol) solution in hexane was added to the reaction under nitrogen dropwise over 10 minutes. The reaction was kept at -78 °C for 2 hours, was brought to room temperature and quenched with sat NH 4 Cl solution. The product was extracted with EtOAc, and the organic layer was dried and evaporated.
  • Step C tert-Butyl 1'-oxo-1',3'-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2'-indene]-1- carboxylate (0.72 g, 2.63 mmol) was suspended in tetraethoxytitanium (2.50 mL, 18.4 mmol), and (R)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (0.958 g, 7.90 mmol) was added to the mixture. The reaction was heated up in an oil bath to 90 °C for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc (20 mL).
  • Step D tert-Butyl (R,E)-1'-((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)-1',3'- dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2'-indene]-1-carboxylate (0.10 g, 0.27 mmol) was dissolved in THF (3 mL) and was cooled down to -78 °C. NaBH4 (0.030 g, 0.80 mmol) was added portion wise to the mixture, and the reaction was warmed up to room temperature over 3 hours. The reaction was quenched with saturated NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried and evaporated.
  • Step A 2-(2-iodophenyl)acetonitrile (1.3 mL, 10 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (20 mL), and the solution was cooled to 0 °C. NaH (1.0 g, 26 mmol) 60% suspension in mineral oil was added to the solution in portions, and the mixture was heated at 60 °C for 1.5 hours. tert-Butyl bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamate (3.0 g, 12 mmol) was added to the reaction, and the mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled down to room temperature, brine (25 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 X 100 mL).
  • Step B Diisobutylaluminium hydride (“DIBAL-H”; 2.4 mL, 2.4 mmol) 1M solution in DCM was added to a -78 °C cold solution of tert-butyl 4-cyano-4-(2- iodophenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (0.9 g, 2.2 mmol). The reaction was stirred at -78 °C, then warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. Additional DIBAL-H was added, and the reaction was stirred for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with 2M HCl solution, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 15 mL).
  • DIBAL-H Diisobutylaluminium hydride
  • Step C tert-butyl 4-formyl-4-(2-iodophenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (0.088 g, 0.21 mmol) was dissolved in THF (3 mL), and (R)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (0.027 g, 0.22 mmol) and tetraethoxytitanium (0.058 mL, 0.42 mmol) were added to the mixture. The reaction was stirred at 60 °C for overnight. Brine (10 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred vigorously for 5 minutes. EtOAc (10 mL) was added to the mixture, and the precipitate formed was removed by filtration.
  • Step D tert-Butyl (R,Z)-4-(((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)methyl)-4-(2- iodophenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (0.067 g, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in THF (2 mL) and cooled to -78 °C.
  • sec-Butyl lithium (0.18 mL, 0.26 mmol) 1.4 M solution in cyclohexane was added to the solution via syringe. The mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 2 hours and was quenched with saturated NH4Cl.
  • Step A 2-Chloropyridine (458 mL, 4.84 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (15 mL), and the solution was cooled down to -70 °C in IPA/dry ice bath. Lithium diisopropylamide (“LDA”; 2.75 mL, 5.50 mmol) was added dropwise to the mixture, and the reaction was warmed to -60 °C and stirred at that temperature for 1.5 hours. tert-Butyl 4- formyl-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (1 g, 4.40 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added to the mixture and stirred at -60 °C for 1 hour.
  • LDA Lithium diisopropylamide
  • Step B tert-Butyl 4-((2-chloropyridin-3-yl)(hydroxy)methyl)-4- methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.06 g, 3.11 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (8 mL), and DMP (2.64 g, 6.22 mmol) was added to the solution. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and was quenched with 10% sodium bisulfite solution. The organic layer was separated and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and brine, dried and evaporated.
  • Step C tert-Butyl 4-(2-chloronicotinoyl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (8.13 g, 24.0 mmol) was dissolved in mesitylene (70 mL) in a pressure tube. Tricyclohexylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate (0.884 g, 2.40 mmol), diacetoxypalladium (0.269 g, 1.20 mmol), pivalic acid (0.735 g, 7.20 mmol) and cesium carbonate (15.6 g, 48.0 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture. Nitrogen gas was bubbled for 5 minutes in the reaction mixture, and the tube was sealed and heated at 140 °C for 72 hours.
  • Step D tert-Butyl 5-oxo-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,4'- piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (2.23 g, 7.375 mmol) was suspended in tetraethoxytitanium (6.98 mL, 51.62 mmol), and (R)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (2.68 g, 22.12 mmol) was added to the mixture. The reaction was heated to 90 °C and stirred for 18 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, and EtOAc (250 mL) was added, followed by brine (200 mL).
  • Step E tert-Butyl (R,Z)-5-((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)-5,7- dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (0.15 g, 0.37 mmol) was dissolved in THF (2 mL) in a vial. The solution was cooled to -78 °C, and LiBH4 (0.28 mL, 0.55 mmol) 2M in THF was added in one portion. The reaction was kept at -78 °C for 1 hour. The reaction was slowly warmed room temperature and was stirred for 18 hours.
  • Step F tert-Butyl (S)-5-(((R)-tert-butylsulfinyl)amino)-5,7- dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (3.45 g, 8.46 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (10 mL), and to that solution (4 mL) of 4M HCl solution in dioxane was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.
  • Step A (S)-1,3-Dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidin]-1-amine dihydrochloride (3 g, 10.9 mmol) was suspended in 1,4-dioxane (36.3 mL, 10.9 mmol), and triethylamine (4.56 mL, 32.7 mmol) was added to the mixture. After 20 minutes of stirring at room temperature, 6-chloropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-2-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (3.42 g, 10.9 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.
  • Methyl 3-mercaptopropanoate (1.31 g, 10.9 mmol), Pd(OAc) 2 (0.245 g, 1.09 mmol) and xantphos (1.26 g, 2.18 mmol) were added to the reaction and nitrogen was bubbled in the reaction mixture for 2 minutes. The reaction was heated to 90 °C overnight, and it was cooled down to room temperature, mixed with EtOAc (30 mL) and filtered.
  • Step B Methyl (S)-3-((2-(1-amino-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidin]-1'- yl)pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-6-yl)thio)propanoate (1.6 g, 3.6 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (25 mL). Triethylamine (“TEA”; 0.99 mL, 7.1 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (“DMAP”; 0.043 g, 0.36 mmol) and BOC-anhydride (0.91 mL, 3.9 mmol) were added to the mixture and were stirred at room temperature overnight.
  • TAA Triethylamine
  • DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
  • BOC-anhydride 0.91 mL, 3.9 mmol
  • Step C Methyl (S)-3-((2-(1-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1,3- dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidin]-1'-yl)pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-6-yl)thio)propanoate (0.48 g, 0.87 mmol) was dissolved in THF (10 mL), and sodium ethanolate (0.65 mL, 1.75 mmol) 21% solution in ethanol was added to the solution slowly. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and was quenched with saturated NH 4 Cl (10 mL).
  • Step A To a stirred solution of 3-chloro-2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine (1.0 g, 3.89 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) was added 2-aminoethan-1-ol (0.47 mL, 7.78 mmol) and stirred at 70 °C for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • Step B To a stirred solution of 2-((3-chloro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)ethan-1- ol (500 mg, 1.67 mmol) and methyl 3-mercaptopropanoate (0.2 mL, 1.84 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) were added DIPEA (0.6 mL, 3.35 mmol) and degassed with argon for 10 minutes. Xantphos (48 mg, 0.08 mmol) and Pd(OAc) 2 (23 mg, 0.10 mmol) were added and degassed for another 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred in pre-heated oil bath in sealed tube at 100 °C for 4 hours.
  • Intermediate Example AT To a stirred solution of 3-((3-chloro-2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)pyridin- 4-yl)thio)propanoate (500 mg, 1.72 mmol) in THF (10 m
  • Step A To a stirred solution of 5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (5.0 g, 30.12 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added NaH (60% wt in paraffin) (3.61 g, 90.36 mmol) at 0 °C and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. N-Benzyl-2-chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)ethan- 1-amine (8.89 g, 33.13 mmol) was added portion wise at 0 °C and stirred at room temperature for another 5 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • Step B To a stirred solution of 1'-benzyl-5-chlorospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidin]- 1(3H)-one (2.0 g, 6.15 mmol) in DCE (20 mL) was added 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (3.49 g, 24.61 mmol) at 0 °C and stirred for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 hours. Then the reaction mixture was concentrated, and the crude material was dissolved in MeOH (20 mL) and again stirred at 80 °C for 1 hour.
  • Step C To a stirred solution of 5-chlorospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidin]-1(3H)-one hydrochloride (1.45 g, 6.17 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) was added triethylamine (3.43 mL, 24.68 mmol) and Boc anhydride (2.12 mL, 9.25 mmol) at 0 °C, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours.
  • Step D To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 5-chloro-1-oxo-1,3- dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (1.4 g, 4.14 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) were added Zn(CN)2 (982.0 mg, 8.35 mmol) and zinc powder (55.0 mg, 0.83 mmol) and stirred for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was degassed with argon, then trixiephos (383.0 mg, 0.41 mmol) followed by Pd(OAc) 2 (232.0 mg, 0.41 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 120 °C for 16 hours.
  • Step E To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 5-cyano-1-oxo-1,3- dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.53 mmol) in titanium (IV) ethoxide (1.62 mL, 7.66 mmol) was added (R)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (204.5 mg, 1.68 mmol) and stirred at 90 °C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was poured onto EtOAc and brine, stirred for 15 minutes. Solid precipitated was filtered off.
  • Step F To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 1-(((R)-tert-butylsulfinyl)amino)-5- cyano-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (600.0 mg, 1.39 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added NaBH4 (105.8 mg, 2.79 mmol) at -10 °C and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water.
  • Step G To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 1-(((R)-tert-butylsulfinyl) amino)-5- cyano-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (430.0 mg, 0.99 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) at 0 °C was added 4M HCl in dioxane (3 mL) and stirred at 0 °C for 2 hours.
  • Step A A mixture of cyclopentane-1,3-dione (20.0 g, 204.08 mmol), but-3-en- 2-one (26.78 mL, 306.12 mmol), molecular sieves 4 ⁇ (100 g) and NH4OAc (31.42 g, 408.16 mmol) in toluene (800 mL) was stirred at reflux for 24 hours.
  • Step B To a stirred solution of 2-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin- 5-one (5.0 g, 34.01 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) was added NaH (60 wt% in paraffin) (4.0 g, 102.04 mmol) at 0 °C and stirred for 30 min at room temperature.
  • N-Benzyl-2-chloro-N-(2- chloroethyl)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride (7.31 g, 27.21 mmol) was added portion wise at 0 °C and stirred for another 16 hours at room temperature.
  • Step D To a stirred solution of 2-methylspiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,4'- piperidin]-5(7H)-one (280.0 mg, 1.29 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added triethylamine (0.72 mL, 5.18 mmol) at 0 °C, followed by Boc anhydride (0.45 mL, 1.94 mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • Step E tert-Butyl 2-methyl-5-oxo-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine- 6,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (400 mg, 1.26 mmol) and (R)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (460.21 mg, 3.80 mmol) were added to titanium (IV) ethoxide (866.20 mg, 3.79 mmol) at 90 °C and stirred at 90 °C for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was poured onto ethyl acetate and brine. After stirring for 15 minutes, the precipitated solid was filtered off, and the liquid part was separated.
  • Step F To solution of tert-butyl (R,E)-1-((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)-5-methyl- 1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (410 mg, 0.98 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) at 0°C was added NaBH4 (185 mg, 4.89 mmol) and stirred at the room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with the ice water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • Step A To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-6-chloropyridin-3-ol (5.0 g, 24.16 mmol) and K2CO3 (5.0 g, 36.25 mmol) in ACN (30 mL) was added MeI (1.65 mL, 26.58 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried (over Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • Step B To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-formyl-4-methylpiperidine-1- carboxylate (3.89 g, 17.12 mmol) in THF (55 mL) was added iPrMgBr (19.76 mL, 1.3M in THF, 25.68 mmol) dropwise at 0 °C and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.3-Bromo-2- chloro-5-methoxypyridine (5.68 g, 25.68 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added dropwise at 0 °C and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl solution and extracted with EtOAc.
  • Step C To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-((2-chloro-5-methoxypyridin-3- yl)(hydroxy)methyl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.1 g, 2.97 mmol) in DCM (16 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (1.89 g, 4.45 mmol) at 0 °C and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated sodium thiosulphate solution and extracted with DCM.
  • Step D To a flame-dried sealed tube under argon was added tricyclohexylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate (145 mg, 0.39 mmol), Palladium(II) acetate (44 mg, 0.19 mmol), pivalic acid (121 mg, 1.18 mmol), cesium carbonate (1.54 g, 4.72 mmol) and tert-butyl 4-(2-chloro-5-methoxynicotinoyl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.45 g, 3.94 mmol) in mesitylene (20 mL). The mixture was degassed with argon for 10 minutes and heated at 140 °C for 48 hours.
  • Step E To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-methoxy-5-oxo-5,7- dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (575 mg, 1.73 mmol) in titanium(IV) ethoxide (2.2 mL, 10.38 mmol), was added (R)-(+)-2-methyl-2- propanesulfinamide (629 mg, 5.19 mmol) and was stirred at 110 °C for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and water.
  • Step F To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (R,Z)-5-((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)-3- methoxy-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (590 mg, 1.35 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL), was added sodium borohydride (256 mg, 6.77 mmol) at 0 °C and was stirred for 3 hours. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was allowed to increase the temperature to room temperature.
  • Step G To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 5-(((R)-tert-butylsulfinyl)amino)-3- methoxy-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (600 mg, 1.37 mmol) in MeOH (12 mL) was added dioxane-HCl (4M; 12 mL) at 0 °C and was stirred for 2 hours.
  • Step A To a stirred solution of 6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (2.0 g, 12.05 mmol) in DMF (40 mL) was added NaH (60% in mineral oil) (1.45 g, 36.14 mmol) at 0 °C, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0-5 °C.
  • N-benzyl-2-chloro-N-(2- chloroethyl)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride (3.06 g, 13.25 mmol) was added portion wise, and the mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 16 hours. The reaction was quenched with brine solution and was extracted with EtOAc.
  • Step B To a stirred solution of 1'-benzyl-6-chlorospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidin]- 1(3H)-one (1.55 g, 4.78 mmol) in dichloroethane (“DCE”; 24 mL) was added 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (1.55 mL, 14.34 mmol) and was refluxed for 1 hour. Then DCE was evaporated under reduced pressure, and MeOH (24 mL) was added and refluxed for 1 hour.
  • DCE dichloroethane
  • Step C To a stirred solution of 6-chlorospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidin]-1(3H)-one (1.13 g, 4.79 mmol) in DCM (20 mL), was added TEA (2.66 mL, 19.16 mmol) followed by boc-anhydride (1.65 mL, 7.19 mmol) at 0 °C and was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • Step D A solution of tert-butyl 6-chloro-1-oxo-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'- piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (800 mg, 2.38 mmol), titanium(IV) ethoxide (1.99 mL, 9.5 mmol), and (R)-(+)-2-methypropane-2-sulfinamide (577.5 mg, 4.76 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was stirred at 90 °C for 12 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and quenched with water. The compound was extracted with EtOAc.
  • Step E To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (R,E)-1-((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)-6- chloro-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (1 g, 2.28 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added sodium borohydride (43 mg, 11.42 mmol) at 0 °C and was stirred at 25 °C for 3 hours. Saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution was slowly added to quench the excess of borohydride, and the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc.
  • Step A To a stirred solution of 5-methyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (4.0 g, 27.39 mmol) in DMF (80 mL) was added NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 1.97 g, 82.19 mmol) portion wise at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 minutes. N-Benzyl-2-chloro- N-(2-chloroethyl)ethan-1-amine hydrocloride (8.09 g, 30.13 mmol) was added portion wise to the reaction mixture and was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction was diluted with brine and extracted with EtOAc.
  • Step B To a stirred solution of 1'-benzyl-5-methylspiro[indene-2,4'-piperidin]- 1(3H)-one (5.0 g, 16.37 mmol) in DCE (100 mL) was added chloroethyl chloroformate (6.97 g, 49.11 mmol) at 0 °C and stirred for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness, and MeOH (100 mL) was added and was stirred at 75 °C for 1 hour.
  • Step C To a stirred solution of 5-methylspiro[indene-2,4'-piperidin]-1(3H)-one (3.5 g, 16.27 mmol) in DCM (35 mL) was added triethyl amine (9.07 mL, 65.11 mmol) at 0 °C. Boc anhydride (5.61 mL, 24.42 mmol) was added at 0 °C, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours.
  • Step D tert-Butyl 5-methyl-1-oxo-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'- carboxylate (1.9 gm, 6.03 mmol) and (R)-(+)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (2.19 g, 18.09 mmol) were added into warm (100 °C) titanium (IV) ethoxide (4.12 g, 18.09 mmol) and stirred at 100 °C for 19 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into EtOAc and brine, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Solids were filtered off, and the liquid part was separated.
  • Step E To a solution at 0 °C of tert-butyl (R,E)-1-((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)-5- methyl-1,3-dihydro-spiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (1.3 g, 3.10 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was added sodium borohydride (470 mg, 12.42 mmol) and was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with the ice water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • Step A To a stirred solution of 3-bromo-2-chloro-5-fluoropyridine (5.0 g, 22.02 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (1.5 M in THF) (15 mL) drop wise at 0°C and stirred at RT for 2h.
  • Step B To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-((2-chloro-5-fluoropyridin-3- yl)(hydroxy)methyl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (2.7 g, 6.14 mmol) in DCM (25 mL) was added DMP (4.7 g, 11.31 mmol) at 0°C and stirred at RT for 3 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with sodium thiosulphate (30 mL) and extracted with DCM. The organic part was washed with 2M NaOH solution, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and concentrated.
  • Step C To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(2-chloro-5-fluoronicotinoyl)-4- methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (2 g, 5.61 mmol) in 1,3,5 mesitylene (10 mL) were added PCy 3 H.BF 4 (210 mg, 0.56 mmol), t BuCOOH (172 mg, 1.68 mmol) and Cs 2 CO 3 (2.2 g, 6.74 mmol) at RT and degassed with N2 balloon for 5 min. Pd(OAc)2 (70 mg, 0.28 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and again degassed with N 2 balloon. The reaction mixture was stirred at 140°C for 72h.
  • Step D To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-fluoro-5-oxo-5,7- dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (1 g, 3.12 mmol) in Ti(OEt) 4 (2.5 mL, 9.37 mmol) was added R-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (0.8 g, 6.25 mmol) at RT and reaction mixture was stirred at 100°C for 16h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and added an excess of ethyl acetate. The solution was filtrated via sintered funnel and organic layer was separated.
  • Step E To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (R,Z)-5-((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)-3- fluoro-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (1.1 g, 2.6 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added NaBH 4 (400 mg, 10.4 mmol) at 0°C and stirred for 10 min. The reaction mixture warmed to RT and stirred for 3 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with ice, evaporated and extracted with EtOAc.
  • Step F To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 5-(((R)-tert-butylsulfinyl)amino)-3- fluoro-5,7-dihydrospiro [cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (700 mg, 1.6 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was added HCl (4M in 1,4-dioxane) (5 mL) at 0°C and stirred for 1.5 h.
  • Step A In a 500mL two neck flask, containing a solution of vinyl magnesium bromide (1.0M in THF)(107 mL, 107 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at 0°C, dichloro(chloromethyl)(methyl)silane (5 g, 30.58 mmol) was slowly added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 hr. After the completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was slowly quenched with an excess amount of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and was stirred at room temperature for 30 min.
  • reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL) and the combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get (chloromethyl)(methyl)divinylsilane (2.6 g crude) as a light yellow oil.
  • the crude was used in next step without further purification.
  • Step B A suspension of (chloromethyl)(methyl)divinylsilane (2) (2.5 g, 17.48 mmol), potassium phthalimide (3.5 g, 19.2 mol) and potassium iodide (0.29 g, 1.74 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was heated at 80°C for 16 hr under N2 atmosphere.
  • reaction mixture was slowly quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL), washed with brine (100mL) and the combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get the crude, which was purified by normal silica column chromatography (eluted at 5-8% ethyl acetate in hexane) to afford 2- ((methyldivinylsilyl) methyl) isoindoline-1, 3-dione as light yellow oil (2.0 g, 25%; 2 steps).
  • Step C A solution of 9-BBN (0.5M in THF) (54.6 mL, 27.3 mmol) and 2- ((methyldivinylsilyl) methyl) isoindoline-1,3-dione (2 g, 7.81 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was stirred for 16h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was subsequently treated with H 2 O (2 mL) and then with an aqueous solution of NaOH (3M) (6 mL) at rt. An aqueous solution of H2O2 (30%) (6 mL) was added drop wise within 15 min at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at rt for 4h.
  • Step D Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.4 mL, 5.98 mmol) and TEA (1.37 mL, 9.52 mmol) were added sequentially in single portion at -20°C to a stirred solution of 2-((bis(2- hydroxyethyl)(methyl)silyl)methyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (800 mg, 2.72 mmol) in DCM (500 mL) and the mixture was stirred at -20°C for 3h. Allylamine (excess) was added in a single portion at -20°C to the mixture and was then warmed to 20°C and stirred at 20°C for 16 h.
  • Step E A mixture of 2-((1-allyl-4-methyl-1,4-azasilinan-4- yl)methyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (450 mg, 1.43 mmol) and methyl hydrazine (40% aq. soln.)(0.12 mL, 2.15 mmol) in EtOH-THF (10mL) was refluxed for 2 hr. Ethyl acetate was evaporated in vacuum, DCM was added to the reaction mixture and filtered.
  • Step F Tert-butyl ((1-allyl-4-methyl-1,4-azasilinan-4-yl)methyl)carbamate
  • Step G To a solution of tert-butyl ((1-allyl-4-methyl-1,4-azasilinan-4- yl)methyl)carbamate (165 mg, 0.64 mmol) in DCM (10 mL), 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (198.3mg, 0.70mmol) was added followed by the addition of (PPh3)4Pd (73.1 mg, 0.06 mmol). The reaction mixture was then purged with N 2 and heated in an oil bath at 40°C for 3 hr.
  • reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure to get crude, which was purified by amine silica column chromatography (eluted at 3% methanol in DCM) to afford tert-butyl ((4-methyl-1, 4-azasilinan-4-yl) methyl)carbamate (91 mg, 60%) as light yellow solid.
  • Step A To a solution of 3-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (0.25 g, 1.11 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.012 g, 0.055 mmol) and Xantphos (0.064 g, 0.11 mmol) in dioxane (3.69 mL, 1.11 mmol) under Ar gas was added 3-Mercaptopropionic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (0.13 mL, 1.22 mmol) and Hunig's base (0.39 mL, 2.21 mmol). The reaction was further sparged with argon for 10 minutes and then heated to 100°C overnight.
  • Step B A 21% w/w solution of NaOEt (0.46 mL, 1.22 mmol) in THF was added to a solution of methyl 3-((2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)thio)propanoate (0.29 g, 1.11 mmol) in THF (5.54 mL, 1.11 mmol) and this was stirred under nitrogen for 1 hour at room temp. DCM (20 mL) was added and this was stirred for 5 minutes and then water (25 mL) was added. The water phase was brought to ⁇ pH 6 with 1N HCl and the phases were separated. The water phase was extracted with DCM (3X15 mL).
  • Step A A mixture of 3-chloro-2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine (0.26 g, 1.01 mmol) and 2-methoxyethan-1-amine (0.11 mL, 2.02 mmol) in DMSO (2.02 mL, 1.01 mmol) was heated to 70°C and stirred for 16 hours. Added the mixture to water (20 mL) and then extracted the organics from the water phase with EtOAc (3X15 mL). The organic phases were pooled and washed with brine (25 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Step B To a mixture of 3-chloro-4-iodo-N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyridin-2-amine (0.31 g, 0.98 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.011 g, 0.049 mmol) and Xantphos (0.057 g, 0.098 mmol) in dioxane (3.26 mL, 0.98 mmol) under Ar gas was added 3-Mercaptopropionic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (0.12 mL, 1.08 mmol) and Hunig's base (0.34 mL, 1.96 mmol). The reaction was further sparged with argon for 10 minutes and then heated to 100°C overnight.
  • Step C A 21% w/w solution of NaOEt (0.40 mL, 1.08 mmol) in THF was added to methyl 3-((3-chloro-2-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)pyridin-4-yl)thio)propanoate (0.30 g, 0.98 mmol) in THF (4.89 mL, 0.98 mmol) and this was stirred under nitrogen for 1 hour at room temp. DCM (20 mL) was added and was stirred for 5 minutes and water (25 mL) was added. The water phase was brought to ⁇ pH 6 with 1N HCl and the phases were separated. The water phase was extracted with DCM (3X15 mL).
  • tert-butyl 4-mercapto-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate was prepared according to Intermediate Example BN, substituting 4-bromo-2,3-dihydro- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester for 3-chloro-2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine in Step A.
  • m/z (esi/APCI) M + 1 253.1.
  • Step A Sodium ethoxide (0.32 mL, 0.85 mmol) was added to methyl 3-((2- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)thio)propanoate (255 mg, 0.77 mmol)(Intermediate Example AL Step A) in THF (3.8 mL) and this mixture was stirred under N2 for 2 hours at room temperature. The mixture was evaporated in vac to give crude sodium 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-thiolate (258 mg, 0.898 mmol, 117 % yield) which was used as is.
  • Step A To solution of 4-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (1 g, 6.16 mmol) in DMF (12.3 mL) under Argon was added sodium hydride, 60 % dispersion in mineral oil (0.74 g, 18.5 mmol) in portions. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. N-benzyl-2-chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl) ethan-1-amine (1.57 g, 6.78 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was partitioned between EtOAc and water.
  • Step B A solution of 1'-benzyl-4-methoxyspiro[indene-2,4'-piperidin]-1(3H)- one (1.51 g, 4.70 mmol) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.13 g, 5.18 mmol) in EtOH (23.5 mL) and THF (23.5 mL) was purged with nitrogen for 5 minutes. To this solution was added palladium (1.25 g, 1.18 mmol) (Degussa Type, 10 wt% palladium, 50% H 2 O), and was immediately capped and purged with nitrogen for an additional 5 minutes. The solution was stirred under H 2 introduced via vacuum followed by balloon pressure.
  • Step C To a solution of tert-butyl 4-methoxy-1-oxo-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene- 2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (856 mg, 2.58 mmol) in THF (1.29 mL) was added (R)-(+)-2- Methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (939 mg, 7.75 mmol) and tetraethoxytitanium (4.12 g, 18.1 mmol) and the reaction stirred for 50 hours at 90°C. EtOAc was added followed by water. The solids were filtered off and the layers were separated.
  • Step D tert-butyl (R,Z)-1-((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)-4-methoxy-1,3- dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (0.79 g, 1.8 mmol) was placed in THF (15 mL) and cooled to 0°C. NaBH4 (0.1 g, 2.7 mmol) was added and the reaction was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for 18 hours. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with DCM. The extracts were combined, concentrated and the residue was purified by normal phase chromatography (0-5% MeOH in DCM with 2% NH4OH).
  • the first eluting peak was collected to provide tert-butyl (S)-1-(((R)-tert-butylsulfinyl)amino)-4-methoxy-1,3- dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (0.12 g, 15 % yield).
  • Step E To a solution of tert-butyl (S)-1-(((R)-tert-butylsulfinyl)amino)-4- methoxy-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (12 mg, 0.28 mmol) in DCM (550 ⁇ L) was added TFA (106 ⁇ L, 1.37 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • Step A To a stirred solution of 4-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (2 g, 13.69 mmol) in DMF (25 mL), was added NaH (60 %, 0.98 g, 15.06 mmol) at 0°C and stirred for 30 min at above temperature. N-benzyl-2-chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride salt was added and was stirred for 18 h at RT. The reaction was quenched with aqueous saturated NH 4 Cl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • Step C To a stirred solution of 4-methylspiro[indene-2,4'-piperidin]-1(3H)-one (1 g, crude) in DCM (15 mL), was added TEA (3.23 mL, 23.22 mmol) followed by addition of boc-anhydride (2.13 mL, 9.28 mmol) and was stirred for 18 h at RT.
  • Step D To tert-butyl 4-methyl-1-oxo-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]- 1'-carboxylate (1 g, 3.17 mmol) was added Ti(OEt) 4 (8.77 mL, 41.84 mmol) and heated to 90°C. At above temperature (R)-2-Methyl propane-2-sulfinamide (1.1 g, 9.51 mmol) was added and the heating was continued at 90oC for 24 h. The reaction was poured into ethyl acetate (50 mL) and to it aqueous saturated brine solution (50 mL) was added.
  • Step E To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (R,Z)-1-((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)-4- methyl-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (1.1 g, 2.62 mmol) in methanol (60 mL), was added sodium borohydride (600 mg, 15.76 mmol) at RT and stirred for 4 h. The reaction was quenched with saturated NH4Cl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • Step A N-Ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (0.25 mL, 1.4 mmol) was added to a solution of 6-chloropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-2-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.40 g, 1.3 mmol) in dimethylacetamide (“DMA”) cooled to 0 °C, follwed by tert-butyl (4- methylpiperidin-4-yl)carbamate (0.30 g, 1.4 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 1 hour. The reaction was poured onto water and extracted twice with MTBE.
  • DMA dimethylacetamide
  • Step B tert-Butyl (1-(6-chloropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-2-yl)-4-methylpiperidin-4- yl)carbamate (0.18 g, 0.46 mmol), potassium phosphate (0.30 g, 1.4 mmol), tetramethylethylenediamine (“TMEDA”) (0.042 mL, 0.28 mmol), 2-amino-3-chloropyridine- 4-thiol (0.22 g, 1.4 mmol) and copper(I) iodide (0.026 g, 0.14 mmol) were placed in dioxane (1.9 mL, 0.47 mmol).
  • TMEDA tetramethylethylenediamine

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