WO2020042560A1 - 固化胶及其投影屏幕 - Google Patents

固化胶及其投影屏幕 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020042560A1
WO2020042560A1 PCT/CN2019/076614 CN2019076614W WO2020042560A1 WO 2020042560 A1 WO2020042560 A1 WO 2020042560A1 CN 2019076614 W CN2019076614 W CN 2019076614W WO 2020042560 A1 WO2020042560 A1 WO 2020042560A1
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Prior art keywords
projection screen
weight
parts
curing
incident surface
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PCT/CN2019/076614
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王杰
王霖
崔可建
张红秀
李屹
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Shenzhen Appotronics Corp Ltd
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Appotronics Corp Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/56—Projection screens
    • G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a curing glue and a projection screen thereof, and belongs to the technical field of display screen manufacturing.
  • the traditional white screen is susceptible to interference from ambient light.
  • the contrast of the picture is not high under bright living room lighting conditions, and it cannot display colors well.
  • To improve the contrast of the picture it is necessary to reduce the screen's reflectivity to ambient light, while maintaining the screen's gain as much as possible.
  • Existing wire grid screens improve the contrast of ambient light by absorbing light and reflecting.
  • the microstructure of the wire grid cannot well collimate the light of the projector, and the white Lambertian scattering coating on the surface reduces the gain of the screen. , So the effect of improvement is very limited.
  • the existing coating forming processes are mainly various coating methods such as spray coating or screen printing.
  • This process will necessarily use a large proportion of organic solvent mixtures, such as anhydrous acetone, anhydrous xylene, anhydrous cyclohexanone, Anhydrous methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate and anhydrous ethyl acetate.
  • organic solvent mixtures such as anhydrous acetone, anhydrous xylene, anhydrous cyclohexanone, Anhydrous methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate and anhydrous ethyl acetate.
  • Such solvents can cause volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions during the production process and subsequent drying, posing a threat to the environment and human health.
  • VOC volatile organic compound
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a curing glue and a projection screen thereof.
  • a UV photoinitiator and a heat curing agent instead of the oily coating used in the conventional light-resistant screen, the VOC is reduced.
  • the environmental protection function is realized; the structure of the projection screen is simple, the thickness can be controlled within the range of 150 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m, and the production of ultra-thin projection light curtain is realized, which reduces the production process and reduces the production cost.
  • the invention provides a curing glue for forming a Fresnel structure layer of a projection screen.
  • the curing glue comprises the following components in parts by weight:
  • the curing adhesive auxiliary agent includes a dispersant, a leveling agent, a defoaming agent, and a polymerization inhibitor.
  • the UV absorption peak of the UV photoinitiator is 220nm-380nm.
  • the reflectivity of the cured glue is 20% -25%.
  • the curing gum body includes the following components in parts by weight:
  • Monomer diluent 20-30 parts by weight.
  • the doped particles include the following components in parts by weight:
  • Scattering particles 0.5-5 parts by weight.
  • the curing adhesive auxiliary agent includes the following components in parts by weight:
  • the invention also provides a projection screen.
  • the projection screen includes a substrate and a Fresnel structure layer disposed on the substrate.
  • the Fresnel structure layer is cured by the curing glue as described above.
  • the outer surface of the Fresnel structure layer is composed of a first incident surface and a second incident surface arranged alternately, and the first incident surface is provided with a concave-convex structure.
  • the height difference of the uneven structure is 0 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the height difference of the uneven structure is 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the projection screen is 150 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention uses a UV photoinitiator and a heat curing agent to replace the oil-based paint used in conventional light-resistant screens, reduces VOC emissions, and realizes environmental protection functions; the structure of the projection screen is simple and the thickness can be controlled at In the range of 150 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m, the production of ultra-thin projection light curtain is realized, and the production process is reduced while the production cost is reduced.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a ring-shaped Fresnel reflection structure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a projection screen according to the present invention.
  • 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of collimating the light of the projector by the projection screen of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a radius of a reflective structure layer, a first incident surface, and a second incident surface of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a path diagram of a portion of ambient light shining on a projection screen
  • FIG. 6 is a light intensity distribution diagram of light at different scattering angles on a Lambertian reflecting surface
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a production process of a projection screen of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view of a projection screen of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a hundred grid test chart of the projection screen of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a ring-shaped Fresnel reflection structure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a projection screen of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a projection screen.
  • the projection screen includes a substrate 10 and a Fresnel structure layer 20 disposed on the substrate 10.
  • the material of the substrate 10 is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyimide (PI ),
  • the transmittance of the substrate 10 is preferably (1% to 95%).
  • the Fresnel structure layer 20 is a ring-shaped Fresnel reflection structure, which is composed of a plurality of concentric rings.
  • the cross-section of the ring is a triangle.
  • the triangle is formed by the bottom surface of the Fresnel structure layer 20, the first The incident surface a and the second incident surface b are enclosed, that is, the outer surface of the Fresnel structure layer 20 (the surface remote from the substrate 10) is composed of the first incident surface a and the second incident surface b alternately disposed.
  • the first incident surface a mainly functions to reflect the projection light of the projector into the field of view of the audience
  • the second incident surface b mainly functions to absorb ambient light.
  • the structure of the projection screen in the present invention is simple, and its thickness is 150 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of collimating the projector light by the projection screen of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the radius of the reflective structure layer and the first incident surface and the second incident surface of the invention.
  • 3, [alpha] is the projection light of the projector l angle (angle between the normal of the plane of the projected light and the projection screen where l 1, hereinafter referred to as incident angle) 20 is irradiated to the Fresnel structure layer 1
  • [theta] 1 Is the angle between the first incident surface a and the plane on which the projection screen is located
  • ⁇ 2 is the angle between the second incident surface b and the plane on which the projection screen is located.
  • Figure 4 shows the distribution of a projector. When ⁇ 2
  • ⁇ 2 is preferably 70 ° -90 °.
  • the reflectance of the Fresnel structure layer 20 is preferably 10% -40%, and more preferably 20% -25%.
  • the black contrast ⁇ is defined as the ratio of the brightness of ambient light on the whiteboard and the brightness of the screen. Because the ambient light comes from all directions, the brightness reflected by the screen surface can be regarded as a Lambertian scattering surface. which is
  • E environment is the illuminance of ambient light
  • ⁇ is the reflectance of the projection screen.
  • the reflection ratio of the projection screen is 25%
  • the theoretical value of the black contrast ratio is 4, and at this time, it is already higher than that of a general anti-light screen.
  • the light is optimally aligned in the direction of the collimated projector (set to facilitate the light in the direction of the collimated projector), and most of the ambient light will not enter the viewer's vision after one reflection. In the field, for example, it is reflected to the floor or both sides of the audience, so the actual black contrast will be higher than 4.
  • FIG. 5 is a path diagram of part of the ambient light after the projection screen. As shown in FIG. 5, part of the ambient light is irradiated on the second incident surface b and then reflected to the first incident surface a, and then reflected by the first incident surface a. When the reflectivity of the projection screen surface is low, such as 25%, the double reflection makes the actual reflectance of ambient light only about 6%. The low reflectance of this part of the ambient light can further improve the black contrast of the projection screen.
  • FIG. 6 is a light intensity distribution diagram of light at different scattering angles on a Lambertian reflecting surface. As shown in Figure 6, the light intensity distribution on the Lambertian reflecting surface conforms to the cosine distribution, and then combines the formula It can be concluded that when the reflected light flux is the same, reducing the angle of diffusion can increase the central light intensity.
  • the viewing angle of the white Lambertian diffuse reflection is ⁇ 60 °, and if the reflectivity is 100%, a screen effect with a gain of 1.0 can be achieved; when the reflectance drops to 25%, the maximum gain of diffuse reflection is 0.25.
  • viewing angles of ⁇ (20 ° -30 °) can already meet the viewing needs of ordinary families, so by reducing the viewing angle, the gain of the Fresnel structure layer 20 with a reflectance of 25% can be increased to Greater than 1.0. While ensuring the center gain of the projection screen, the reflection of the projection screen on ambient light is effectively reduced, thereby improving the overall contrast of the projection screen against ambient light.
  • a concave-convex structure is provided on the first incident surface a, and the height difference of the concave-convex structure is different. It is 0 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and preferably 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the height of the concave portion in the uneven structure refers to the height perpendicular to the first incident surface a
  • the height of the convex portion in the uneven structure refers to the perpendicular to the first incident surface a.
  • the height, the difference in height of the uneven structure refers to the difference between the height of the concave portion in the uneven structure and the height of the convex portion in the convex structure.
  • the uneven structure can be made by sandblasting + hydrofluoric acid etching. , Or can also be made by the corresponding mold.
  • the concave-convex structure can ensure that the reflected light of the projector has a certain diffusion angle, such as ⁇ (20 ° -45 °).
  • the second incident surface b can reflect more ambient light while absorbing ambient light. Performing secondary absorption to the first incident surface a improves the contrast effect and improves the contrast by 5%.
  • FIGS. 7a-7d are ray optical simulation diagrams of Fresnel structure layers with different structures.
  • the optical properties of the first incident surface a and the second incident surface b of the Fresnel structure layer 20 are set to diffuse reflection (both convex and concave structures are provided on the first incident surface a and the second incident surface b), the projected light
  • the simulation results are shown in Figure 7a and the ambient light simulation results are shown in Figure 7c.
  • the projection light simulation result is shown in FIG. 7b and the ambient light simulation result is shown in FIG. 7d.
  • the present invention also provides a curing glue, and the reflection rate of the curing glue 20% -25%,
  • the curing glue includes the following components in parts by weight:
  • the curing adhesive auxiliary agent includes a dispersant, a leveling agent, a defoaming agent, and a polymerization inhibitor.
  • the main body of the cured glue includes the following components in parts by weight:
  • Monomer diluent 20-30 parts by weight.
  • the doped particles include the following components in parts by weight:
  • Scattering particles 0.5-5 parts by weight.
  • the curing adhesive auxiliary agent includes the following components in parts by weight:
  • the acrylate is one or more of polyurethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, and epoxy acrylate.
  • the monomer diluent is phenoxyethyl acrylate (POEA) or isobornyl methacrylate (IBOA) (monofunctional, ensuring a lower shrinkage rate after the structure is formed).
  • the aluminum silver powder may be a floating type or a non-floating type, and the aluminum silver powder is in a sheet shape and has a particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and preferably 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
  • the carbon black is one of aniline black, carbon black particles, and iron black, and the particle diameter is preferably 1 ⁇ m.
  • the scattering particles are one or more of nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide, and ultrafine calcium carbonate.
  • the UV photoinitiator (ultraviolet photoinitiator) has a UV absorption peak in the range of 220 nm to 380 nm, such as 184, TPO, 651, DEP and other cleavable radicals or hydrogen abstraction radical photoinitiators.
  • the heat curing agent is a heat curing agent and includes fatty amines and aromatic amines, and preferably aromatic amines.
  • the dispersant is one or more of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium silicate, and fatty alcohol.
  • the leveling agent is a silicone type or a fluorocarbon type.
  • the defoaming agent is one or more of ethanol, n-butanol, silicone ester, and mineral oil.
  • the polymerization inhibitor is one or more of phenothiazine, p-hydroxyanisole, hydroquinone, phenylnaphthylamine, and p-tert-butylcatechol.
  • the photoinitiator absorbs the energy in the UV band and performs chain reflection with the acrylate host / monomer diluent.
  • thermosetting glue reacts by absorbing thermal energy, and the reaction speed of a single thermosetting glue is slow, which is not conducive to mass production of products and release transfer of the structure.
  • the curing glue in the present invention includes a UV photoinitiator and a thermal curing agent.
  • the UV photoinitiator completes the semi-curing reaction by absorbing the ultraviolet band of the Hg lamp, which can make the structure mold and easily fall off the mold.
  • the thermal curing The agent also undergoes a curing reaction by absorbing the heat of the Hg lamp, that is, the thermal curing reaction also continues during the light curing process, and the reaction is completed after about 1h-2h.
  • the Fresnel structural layer 20 is located on the viewing surface, the physical properties such as hardness, wear resistance, and scratch resistance of the structural surface directly affect consumers' daily use and maintenance. Therefore, a fully-reactive adhesive layer structure is important for the subsequent product Stability is very important.
  • the curing glue in the present invention contains a UV photoinitiator and a thermal curing agent.
  • the processed Fresnel structure layer can achieve the above-mentioned physical properties and can also improve the product performance of the projection screen.
  • aniline black Take 20 parts by weight of aniline black and add it to the first substrate, and use a grinder to grind until the aniline black is completely dispersed;
  • IBOA Take 25 parts by weight of IBOA, 2 parts by weight of UV photoinitiator (184 cyclohexyl benzophenone), 2 parts by weight of thermosetting agent (fatty amine), 1 part by weight of titanium dioxide particles (particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m), and 1.5 weight by weight of dispersant Parts, 1 part by weight of defoaming agent, 1 part by weight of polymerization inhibitor, and 1.5 parts by weight of leveling agent, stirred at normal temperature to obtain a second matrix after uniformity;
  • UV photoinitiator 184 cyclohexyl benzophenone
  • thermosetting agent fatty amine
  • titanium dioxide particles particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m
  • dispersant Parts 1 part by weight of defoaming agent, 1 part by weight of polymerization inhibitor, and 1.5 parts by weight of leveling agent, stirred at normal temperature to obtain a second matrix after uniformity
  • the first matrix is added to the second matrix, and the cured glue is obtained after being stirred uniformly.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a production process of a projection screen of the present invention.
  • the method for preparing the projection screen in the present invention is described below with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the curing glue is coated on the substrate 10, and the curing glue is processed into a Fresnel reflection structure by using a mold 50 (may be Hard Mold / soft Mold).
  • a UV curing device 30 preferably a high-voltage polarized lamp, such as Hg
  • Lamp curing to form a Fresnel structure layer 20 on the substrate 10.
  • the concave-convex structure on the first incident surface a of the Fresnel structure layer is processed and manufactured by the mold 50, and the original mold is immediately formed with a concave-convex structure on the surface.
  • UV photoinitiator a small amount of unreacted UV photoinitiator, heat curing agent, acrylate resin and diluent may remain in the projection screen, and UV light may also be present.
  • the initiator, heat curing agent, acrylate resin and diluent are completely reacted. There is no UV light initiator, heat curing agent, acrylate resin and diluent in the projection screen.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the projection screen of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a 100 grid test chart of the projection screen of the present invention, wherein the test adhesion of the 100 grid is 5B.
  • the projection screen obtained through the above process has the appearance characteristics of absorption and reflection directly.
  • the gain is 1.0
  • the contrast is 8.2
  • the viewing angle is 46 °
  • the reflectivity of the cured glue is 22%.
  • the curing glue in the present invention uses a UV photoinitiator and a heat curing agent to replace the oil-based paint used in a conventional light-resistant screen, which reduces VOC emissions and realizes environmental protection functions; the structure of the projection screen is simple and the thickness can be controlled to 150 ⁇ m In the range of -300 ⁇ m, the production of ultra-thin projection light curtain is realized, which reduces the production process and reduces the production cost.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)

Abstract

一种固化胶及其投影屏幕，固化胶包含固化胶主体、掺杂粒子、UV光引发剂、热固化剂以及固化胶助剂，固化胶助剂包含分散剂、流平剂、消泡剂、阻聚剂；投影屏幕包含基底(10)以及设置在基底(10)上的菲涅尔结构层(20)，菲涅尔结构层(20)由固化胶固化而成。利用UV光引发剂和热固化剂来代替常规抗光屏幕所使用的油性涂料，降低了VOC的排放，实现了环保功能；投影屏幕的结构简单，能够将厚度控制在150μm-300μm范围内，实现了超薄投影抗光幕的制作，在减少产品生产工序的同时，降低了生产成本。

Description

固化胶及其投影屏幕 技术领域
本发明涉及一种固化胶及其投影屏幕，属于显示屏幕制造技术领域。
背景技术
超短焦投影的使用中，传统的白色屏幕容易受到环境光的干扰，在明亮的客厅灯光环境下画面的对比度不高，不能很好的展示色彩。要提高画面的对比度需要降低屏幕对环境光的反射率，同时尽量保持屏幕的增益。现有的线栅屏幕通过一面吸光一面反射的方式来改善环境光对比度，但是线栅微结构不能很好的准直投影机的光线，同时表面采用的白色朗伯散射涂层降低了屏幕的增益，因此改善的效果非常有限。
另外，现有的涂层形成工艺主要为喷涂或丝印等各种涂布方式，此种工艺必然会使用大比例的有机溶剂混合物，例如无水丙酮、无水二甲苯、无水环已酮、无水丁酮、乙酸乙酯和无水醋酸丁醋等。此类溶剂在生产过程及后续干燥中均会造成挥发性有机化合物(VOC)排放，对环境及人员的身体健康产生威胁。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种固化胶及其投影屏幕，通过利用UV光引发剂和热固化剂来代替常规抗光屏幕所使用的油性涂料，降低了VOC的排放，实现了环保功能；投影屏幕的结构简单，能够将厚度控制在150μm-300μm范围内，实现了超薄投影抗光幕的制作，在减少产品生产工序的同时，降低了生产成本。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过如下技术方案实现的：
本发明提供一种固化胶，用于形成投影屏幕的菲涅尔结构层，所述固化胶包含按重量份计的如下组分：
Figure PCTCN2019076614-appb-000001
所述固化胶助剂包含分散剂、流平剂、消泡剂、阻聚剂。
为了实现固化，所述UV光引发剂的UV吸收峰值为220nm-380nm。
为了增加对环境光的吸收，所述固化胶的反射率为20％-25％。
所述固化胶主体包含按重量份计的如下组分：
丙烯酸酯树脂/乙烯基树脂     20-25重量份
单体稀释剂                  20-30重量份。
所述掺杂粒子包含按重量份计的如下组分：
铝银粉                      10-20重量份
炭黑                        10-25重量份
散射粒子                    0.5-5重量份。
所述固化胶助剂包含按重量份计的如下组分：
Figure PCTCN2019076614-appb-000002
本发明还提供一种投影屏幕，所述投影屏幕包含基底以及设置在基底上的菲涅尔结构层，所述菲涅尔结构层由如上所述的固化胶固化而成。
为了保证投影机的反射光线具备一定的扩散角度，所述菲涅尔结构层的外表面由交替设置的第一入射面和第二入射面组成，所述第一入射面上设有凹凸结构。
优选地，所述凹凸结构的高度差为0μm-10μm。
优选地，所述凹凸结构的高度差为2μm-5μm。
优选地，所述投影屏幕的厚度为150μm-300μm。
综上所述，本发明利用UV光引发剂和热固化剂来代替常规抗光屏幕所使用的油性涂料，降低了VOC的排放，实现了环保功能；投影屏幕的结构简单，能够将厚度控制在150μm-300μm范围内，实现了超薄投影抗光幕的制作，在减少产品生产工序的同时，降低了生产成本。
下面结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行详细地说明。
附图说明
图1为环形的菲涅尔反射结构的示意图；
图2为本发明投影屏幕的结构示意图；
图3为本发明投影屏幕对投影机光线进行准直的原理示意图；
图4为本发明反射结构层的半径与第一入射面以及第二入射面的关系示意图；
图5为部分环境光照射在投影屏幕后的路径图；
图6为不同散射角度的光线在朗伯反射表面上的光强分布图；
图7a-图7d为不同结构的菲涅尔结构层的光线光学仿真图；
图8为本发明投影屏幕的生产工艺示意图；
图9为本发明投影屏幕的局部剖视图；
图10为本发明投影屏幕的百格测试图。
具体实施方式
图1为环形的菲涅尔反射结构的示意图；图2为本发明投影屏幕的结构示意图。如图1和图2所示，本发明提供一种投影屏幕，所述投影屏幕包含基底10以及设置在基底10上的菲涅尔结构层20。所述基底10的材质为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚碳酸脂(PC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚酰亚胺(PI)中的一种，所述基底10的透过率优选为(1％～95％)。所述菲涅尔结构层20为环形的菲涅尔反射结构，其由多个同心的环形构成，所述环形的横截面为三角形，所述三角形由菲涅尔结构层20的底面、第一入射面a 以及第二入射面b围设而成，即所述菲涅尔结构层20的外表面(远离基底10的一面)由交替设置的第一入射面a和第二入射面b组成。其中，第一入射面a的主要作用为将投影机的投影光线反射至观众的视场内，所述第二入射面b的主要作用为吸收环境光。本发明中投影屏幕的结构简单，其厚度为150μm-300μm。
图3为本发明投影屏幕对投影机光线进行准直的原理示意图；图4为本发明反射结构层的半径与第一入射面以及第二入射面的关系示意图。如图3所示，α为投影机的投影光线l 1照射至菲涅尔结构层20时的角度(投影光线l 1与投影屏幕所在平面的法线之间的夹角，下文简称入射角度)，β为投影机的投影光线l 1经菲涅尔结构层20反射后的角度(投影光线l 1反射后与投影屏幕所在平面的法线之间的夹角，下文简称出射角度)，θ 1为第一入射面a与投影屏幕所在平面之间的夹角，θ 2为第二入射面b与投影屏幕所在平面之间的夹角，图4为一种投影机摆放下的分布，此时θ 2固定，θ 1的角度范围在5°-50°的范围内变化。
当投影机和观众相对于投影屏幕的位置已知的情况下，投影机的入射角度α和反射到观众视场光线的角度β已知，此时，根据折射定律可以求出θ 1＝(α-β)/2。
为了使第二入射面b不反射投影机的投影光线l 1，同时使第二入射面b不会将环境光线l 2反射到观众的视场中，θ 2优选为70°-90°。
另外，当投影机和投影屏幕的相对位置固定的情况下，还可以计算出θ 1、θ 2随反射结构层3的半径的分布。根据图4可以看出，在投影机和投影屏幕的相对位置固定的情况下，为了使投影光的反射最优化，随着菲涅尔结构层20半径的增大，θ 2保持不变，而θ 1相应地增大。
为了在不改变菲涅尔结构层20倾斜角度的情况下，保持其准直特性，所述菲涅尔结构层20的反射率优选为10％-40％，更优选为20％-25％。
通过降低投影屏幕表面的反射率，可以有效的增加对环境光的吸收，从而在显示黑夜中的星空或者其他黑色背景的图像时，可以显著的提高黑色对比度γ。其中黑色对比度γ定义为环境光照射在白板上的亮度和照射在屏幕上的亮度比值。因为环境光来自于各个方向，屏幕 表面反射的亮度近似看成一个朗伯散射表面。即
Figure PCTCN2019076614-appb-000003
其中，E 环境为环境光的照度，ρ为投影屏幕的反射率。
例如当投影屏幕的反射率为25％时，黑色对比度的理论值为4，此时其已经高于一般抗光屏幕的对比度。实际上，由于投影屏幕表面为结构的取向最优于准直投影机方向的光线(设置成有利于准直投影机方向的光线)，大部分环境光线经过1次反射不会进入到观众的视场中，例如反射至地板或者观众的两侧，因此实际的黑色对比度会比4高。
提高黑色对比度的另一个原因是部分环境光在投影屏幕表面的2次反射，图5为部分环境光照射在投影屏幕后的路径图。如图5所示，部分环境光照射在第二入射面b后被反射至第一入射面a，之后再被第一入射面a反射。当投影屏幕表面的反射率很低，比如25％时，两次反射使得环境光的实际反射率仅约为6％，这部分环境光的低反射率也可以进一步提高投影屏幕的黑色对比度。
需要补充的是，降低投影屏幕表面反射率的同时，也会降低投影光线反射的亮度，然而，本实施例中通过控制菲涅尔结构层20的散射角度仍能够产生1.0左右的增益。
图6为不同散射角度的光线在朗伯反射表面上的光强分布图。如图6所示，朗伯反射表面的光强分布符合余弦分布，再结合公式
Figure PCTCN2019076614-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2019076614-appb-000005
可得出当反射光通量相同的时候，降低扩散的角度可以提高中心光强。
具体来说，白色朗伯漫反射的观看视角为±60°，如果反射率为100％，则能够实现增益为1.0的屏幕效果；当反射率降为25％的时候，漫反射的增益最高为0.25。对于电视来说，视角为±(20°-30°)时已经能够满足一般家庭的观看需求，因此通过缩小观看视角的方法可以将反射率为25％的菲涅尔结构层20的增益提高到大于1.0的水平。在保证投影屏幕中心增益的同时有效的降低投影屏幕对环境光的反射，从而可以提高投影屏幕的整体抗环境光的对比度。
为保证所述菲涅尔反射结构具有±(20°-30°)的可视角，同时防 止菲涅尔镜面反射，所述第一入射面a上设有凹凸结构，所述凹凸结构的高度差为0μm-10μm，优选为2μm-5μm。以第一入射面a为基准，凹凸结构中的凹部的高度指的是垂直于第一入射面a方向的高度，凹凸结构中的凸部的高度指的是垂直于第一入射面a方向的高度，凹凸结构的高度差即是指的是：凹凸结构中的凹部的高度与凸结构中的凸部的高度的差值，所述凹凸结构可以通过喷砂+氢氟酸腐蚀的方式制得，或者也可以通过相应的模具制得。此设计方式下，凹凸结构能够保证投影机的反射光线具备一定的扩散角度，如±(20°-45°)，第二入射面b在吸收环境光的同时，可将更多的环境光反射至第一入射面a进行二次吸收，提高了对比度效果，对比度提高5％。
图7a-图7d为不同结构的菲涅尔结构层的光线光学仿真图。当菲涅尔结构层20的第一入射面a和第二入射面b的光学属性均设置为扩散反射(第一入射面a和第二入射面b上均设有凹凸结构)时，投影光线仿真结果如图7a所示，环境光线仿真结果如图7c所示；当菲涅尔结构层20的第一入射面a的光学属性设置为扩散反射，第二入射面b设置为镜面反射(第一入射面a上设有凹凸结构，而第二入射面b上没有凹凸结构)时，投影光线仿真结果如图7b所示，环境光线仿真结果如图7d所示。如图7a和图7b所示，两种结构下的增益几乎相同，因为投影光线主要作用于第一入射面a上，因此第二入射面b的光学属性对其没有影响，而由于环境光线来自投影屏幕的上方，其中的一部分会入射在菲涅尔结构层20的第二入射面b上，从图7c和图7d中可以看出，当第二入射面b设置为镜面反射时，被反射向观众视场方向的光线明显减少，对比度得到提升。
为保证所述菲涅尔结构层20的反射率为10％-40％，进而保证投影屏幕的对比度，本发明还提供一种固化胶，所述固化胶的反射率为20％-25％，所述固化胶包含按重量份计的如下组分：
Figure PCTCN2019076614-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2019076614-appb-000007
所述固化胶助剂包含分散剂、流平剂、消泡剂、阻聚剂。
其中，所述固化胶主体包含按重量份计的如下组分：
丙烯酸酯树脂/乙烯基树脂       20-25重量份
单体稀释剂                    20-30重量份。
所述掺杂粒子包含按重量份计的如下组分：
铝银粉                       10-20重量份
炭黑                         10-25重量份
散射粒子                     0.5-5重量份。
所述固化胶助剂包含按重量份计的如下组分：
Figure PCTCN2019076614-appb-000008
具体来说，所述丙烯酸酯为聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯、聚醚丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种。
所述单体稀释剂为丙烯酸苯氧基乙脂(POEA)或者甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯(IBOA)(单官能，保证结构成型后较低的收缩率)。
所述铝银粉可以为浮型或非浮型，所述铝银粉为片状，粒径为1μm-5μm，优选为1μm-3μm。
所述炭黑为苯胺黑、炭黑颗粒、铁黑其中的一种，粒径优选为1μm。
所述散射粒子为纳米二氧化钛、纳米二氧化硅、超微细碳酸钙中的一种或多种。
所述UV光引发剂(紫外光引发剂)的UV吸收峰值为220nm-380nm，如184、TPO、651、DEAP等裂解型自由基或夺氢型自由基光引发剂等。
所述热固化剂为加热固化剂，包括脂肪胺类、芳香胺类，优选芳香胺类。
所述分散剂为六偏磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠、硅酸钠、脂肪醇中的一种或多种。
所述流平剂为有机硅类或氟碳类。
所述消泡剂为乙醇、正丁醇、有机硅酯、矿物油中的一种或多种。
所述阻聚剂为吩噻嗪、对羟基苯甲醚、对苯二酚、苯基萘胺、对叔丁基邻苯二酚中的一种或多种。
此UV波段下，光引发剂吸收紫外波段能量，同丙烯酸酯主体/单体稀释剂进行链式反映。
目前业内高压有极灯(Hg灯)的效率最高仅有15％的紫外波段，且固化胶中增加了炭黑进行光吸收，铝银粉进行光反射，因此单一的UV光源很难使固化胶完全反应，再加上固化胶的完全固化同固化胶的厚度为指数关系，以目前投影屏幕的结构高度(20μm-100μm)，很难达到完全固化的效果。而热固胶水为通过吸收热能进行反应，单一的热固胶水反应速度较慢，不利于产品的量产及结构的脱模转印。
本发明中的固化胶中包含UV光引发剂和热固化剂，其中UV光引发剂通过吸收Hg灯的紫外波段完成半固化反应，可使结构成型并易于从模具上脱落，此时，热固化剂通过吸收Hg灯的热量同样进行了固化反应，即热固化反应在光固化过程中也是持续进行的，约1h-2h后反应完成。因菲涅尔结构层20是位于观影面的，其结构表面的硬度、耐磨、抗刮等物理性能直接影响消费者的日常使用保养，所以一个完全反应的胶层结构，对于产品后续的稳定性至关重要，本发明中的固化胶中包含UV光引发剂和热固化剂，加工出的菲涅尔结构层便能达到上述上述物理性能，也能提高投影屏幕的产品性能。
下面结合具体实施例来介绍固化胶的生产过程。
首先取聚氨酯丙烯酸酯25重量份、片状铝银粉(粒径为1μm)20重量份常温下进行搅拌，得到第一基体；
取苯胺黑20重量份加入第一基体，使用研磨机研磨至苯胺黑完全分散；
取IBOA 25重量份、UV光引发剂(184环已基苯甲酮)2重量份、热固化剂(脂肪胺)2重量份、二氧化钛粒子(粒径为3μm)1重量份、分散剂1.5重量份、消泡剂1重量份、阻聚剂1重量份、流平剂1.5重量份常温下进行搅拌，均匀后得到第二基体；
将第一基体加入第二基体内，搅拌均匀后得到固化胶。
图8为本发明投影屏幕的生产工艺示意图。下面结合图8对本发明中投影屏幕的制备方法进行介绍。首先在基底10上涂布固化胶，利用模具50(可为Hard Mold/soft Mold)将固化胶加工成菲涅尔反射结构的同时，采用UV固化装置30(优选为高压有极灯，如Hg灯)固化，以在基底10上形成菲涅尔结构层20。
所述菲涅尔结构层的第一入射面a上的凹凸结构通过所述模具50加工制作，原始模具开立即为表面凹凸的结构。
需要说明的是，实际生产过程中，由于多种因素的影响，投影屏幕中仍可能残留有少量没有发生反应的UV光引发剂、热固化剂、丙烯酸酯树脂及稀释剂等，也有可能UV光引发剂、热固化剂、丙烯酸酯树脂及稀释剂完全反应，投影屏幕中没有UV光引发剂、热固化剂、丙烯酸酯树脂及稀释剂。
图9为本发明投影屏幕的局部剖视图；图10为本发明投影屏幕的百格测试图，其中，百格测试附着力为5B。通过上述工艺得到的投影屏幕直接具备吸收及反射的外观特性，其增益为1.0，对比度为8.2，可视角为46°，固化胶的反射率为22％。
本发明中的固化胶利用UV光引发剂和热固化剂来代替常规抗光屏幕所使用的油性涂料，降低了VOC的排放，实现了环保功能；投影屏幕的结构简单，能够将厚度控制在150μm-300μm范围内，实现了超薄投影抗光幕的制作，在减少产品生产工序的同时，降低了生产成本。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种固化胶，用于形成投影屏幕的菲涅尔结构层，其特征在于，所述固化胶包含按重量份计的如下组分：
    Figure PCTCN2019076614-appb-100001
    所述固化胶助剂包含分散剂、流平剂、消泡剂、阻聚剂。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的固化胶，其特征在于，所述UV光引发剂的UV吸收峰值为220nm-380nm。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的固化胶，其特征在于，所述固化胶的反射率为20％-25％。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的固化胶，其特征在于，所述固化胶主体包含按重量份计的如下组分：
    丙烯酸酯树脂/乙烯基树脂       20-25重量份
    单体稀释剂                    20-30重量份。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的固化胶，其特征在于，所述掺杂粒子包含按重量份计的如下组分：
    铝银粉                       10-20重量份
    炭黑                         10-25重量份
    散射粒子                     0.5-5重量份。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的固化胶，其特征在于，所述固化胶助剂包含按重量份计的如下组分：
    Figure PCTCN2019076614-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2019076614-appb-100003
  7. 一种投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述投影屏幕包含基底以及设置在基底上的菲涅尔结构层，所述菲涅尔结构层由如权利要求1至6任一项所述的固化胶固化而成。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述菲涅尔结构层的外表面由交替设置的第一入射面和第二入射面组成，所述第一入射面上设有凹凸结构。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述凹凸结构的高度差为0μm-10μm。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述凹凸结构的高度差为2μm-5μm。
  11. 如权利要求7所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述投影屏幕的厚度为150μm-300μm。
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