WO2020031723A1 - ガス検出器 - Google Patents
ガス検出器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020031723A1 WO2020031723A1 PCT/JP2019/029238 JP2019029238W WO2020031723A1 WO 2020031723 A1 WO2020031723 A1 WO 2020031723A1 JP 2019029238 W JP2019029238 W JP 2019029238W WO 2020031723 A1 WO2020031723 A1 WO 2020031723A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
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- organic polymer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
- B01D71/10—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
- B01D71/12—Cellulose derivatives
- B01D71/22—Cellulose ethers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
- G01N1/2205—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
- G01N33/0014—Sample conditioning by eliminating a gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/14—Membrane materials having negatively charged functional groups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/16—Membrane materials having positively charged functional groups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas detector such as a gas sensor, and particularly to a filter thereof.
- an organic polymer permeable membrane such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) is used as a filter for a gas sensor (for example, Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-128687A).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-128687A.
- Such an organic polymer gas-permeable membrane allows small molecules such as hydrogen to permeate quickly, but allows gas having a large molecular weight to permeate only slowly. For this reason, the organic polymer breathable membrane is promising as a filter for siloxane gas.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-212565A discloses that an ion exchange resin such as Nafion (Nafion is a trademark of E.I. Dupont) is used as a siloxane gas filter.
- the ion exchange resin is said to efficiently absorb or adsorb the siloxane gas. It is also stated that the ion exchange resin may be in the form of beads, for example, and that Nafion may be supported on a silica carrier.
- Patent Document 3 (WO2017-138190A) discloses that when a sulfo group is contained in mesoporous silica, a siloxane molecule can be polymerized in the mesoporous silica.
- An object of the present invention is to fix siloxane molecules in an organic polymer breathable membrane and prevent its permeation.
- the present invention provides a gas detector for introducing an atmosphere into a gas detection unit through a filter, wherein the filter has an acidic group or a basic group and is a gas-permeable organic polymer film.
- the gas detector is a gas sensor and includes, in addition to the gas detection unit and the filter, a housing that houses the gas detection unit and has the filter attached thereto.
- the filter may be provided outside the housing of the gas sensor.
- a gas sensor without a filter may be housed at the base end of a suction pipe or the like, and the filter of the present invention may be provided upstream of the gas flow path to the gas sensor, such as at the tip of the pipe. Even in this case, the operation of the filter is the same.
- the gas-permeable organic polymer membrane has a carboxyl group as an acidic group or an amino group as a basic group.
- a sulfo group, a phosphate group, or the like may be used.
- the siloxane molecules diffused into the film are prevented from desorbing from the film by fixing the-(O-Si-O)-portion to an acidic group or a basic group.
- the siloxane concentration in the film increases and the siloxane molecules hydrolyzed at the-(O-Si-O)-portion polymerize, the siloxane is completely fixed to the film.
- the introduction of an acidic group or a basic group makes it difficult for siloxane to pass through the membrane.
- the gas-permeable organic polymer film may be referred to as a film as described above, or may be referred to as a polymer film, a gas-permeable film, or the like.
- the gas-permeable organic polymer membrane is a polysaccharide membrane.
- the polysaccharide membrane is a cellulose membrane, a chitosan membrane, a fucoidan membrane, a membrane of another acidic polysaccharide, or the like.
- These polysaccharide membranes have an acidic group such as a carboxyl group or a basic group such as an amino group from the beginning, or can have an acidic group such as a sulfo group or a basic group introduced.
- an acidic group or a basic group may be introduced into a gas-selective permeable membrane made of a synthetic polymer.
- a proton conductive polymer such as Nafion or a hydroxyl ion conductive polymer may be introduced.
- the PTFE membrane has a gas permeability that does not impair the response of the gas sensor, and the cellulose membrane and the gas-selective permeable membrane also have high gas permeability. The drop is slight.
- the organic polymer membrane is particularly preferably a carboxymethyl cellulose membrane having a carboxyl group or a chitosan membrane having an amino group.
- the organic polymer film is formed by casting, spin coating, spray coating, roll coating, etc., and may be a single film or a film formed on a support film.
- the membrane is attached to the housing, and the atmosphere outside the housing penetrates the membrane and reaches the gas detection section inside the housing.
- the mechanism of gas permeability of the membrane is arbitrary. For example, there may be a mechanism in which micropores having a pore size on the order of nm and continuous exist and gas molecules diffuse through the micropores. Further, a mechanism may be employed in which the membrane has a large free volume (a space not occupied by the polymer), and gas molecules dissolved in the membrane diffuse while hopping between the free volumes.
- the gas permeates through the film and reaches the gas detection unit.
- the function of the acidic group and the basic group is to fix siloxane molecules in the film.
- the siloxane molecule is restricted in its molecular motion in the film and is easily fixed in its posture, so that it is stably fixed to an acidic group or a basic group and easily reacted.
- the Nafion membrane is supported on a carrier such as silica, and does not allow gas to permeate through the membrane.
- the mechanism for removing siloxane gas is considered to be polymerization by hydrolysis of siloxane molecules adsorbed on the film surface.
- siloxane molecules are likely to move at the interface between the nafion film and the gas phase, and therefore it is considered that a strong functional group such as a sulfo group is required for polymerization.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a driving pattern of a gas sensor according to the embodiment. Diagram showing durability of Examples and Comparative Examples against siloxane (D5 x 100 ppm)
- FIGS. 1 to 4 show the gas sensor 2 of the embodiment, and FIG. 5 shows test results.
- the gas sensor 2 includes, for example, a Si chip 4, and the Si chip 4 is an example of a gas detection unit.
- the Si chip 4 is housed in a housing 5 made of ceramic or the like, and is fixed in the housing 5 by die bonding or the like.
- An opening of the housing 5 is covered with a lid 6 made of ceramics, and an atmosphere outside the housing is supplied to the filter 8 from the plurality of openings 7.
- a film filter 8 is attached to the inner surface of the lid 6 (the surface on the side of the Si chip 4).
- the type of the gas detection unit and the structure of the housing are arbitrary.
- the filter 8 is, for example, a film in which a gas-permeable organic polymer film 12 is laminated on a porous support film 10.
- the gas permeable organic polymer film 12 may be simply referred to as the film 12, and the thickness of the film 12 is, for example, about 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the support film 10 is a film of a synthetic resin or polysaccharide having continuous pores, and has a film thickness of, for example, about 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. In the embodiment, the handling of the gas-permeable organic polymer film 12 is facilitated by the support film 10, but the support film 10 may not be provided.
- the gas-permeable organic polymer membrane 12 is composed of polysaccharides such as carboxymethylcellulose, sulfated cellulose, fucoidan and chitosan. It has an acidic group or a basic group. In addition to these functional groups, a phosphate group, a basic hydroxyl group, or the like may be provided. Hereinafter, the acidic group and the basic group are simply referred to as functional groups.
- micropores are considered to be a gas diffusion path.
- functional groups such as a carboxyl group and an amino group cause regular micropores, and the functional groups are considered to be present near the micropores.
- the functional group forms a hydrogen bond with the-(O-SiO)-portion of the siloxane molecule, reacts with this portion of the siloxane molecule by hydrolysis or the like, and fixes the siloxane molecule.
- Patent Document 3 The inventor has confirmed that when a sulfo group is introduced into mesoporous silica, the adsorbed siloxane molecule can be polymerized (Patent Document 3). A similar mechanism operates in the membrane, and the siloxane molecules diffused into the membrane should polymerize by hydrolysis.
- Membranes such as carboxymethylcellulose become water-soluble when reacted with alkali and become insoluble in water when treated with acid. Therefore, by forming a film in a water-soluble state and treating with an acid, a film insoluble in water can be formed. A film that is difficult to operate between a water-soluble state and a water-insoluble state can be converted into a stable film by dissolving in an appropriate solvent to form a film and removing the solvent.
- an acidic group or a basic group may be introduced into a highly permeable synthetic resin membrane known as a gas-selective permeable membrane.
- a gas-selective permeable membrane For example, nafion may be introduced into a fluororesin-based gas-selective permeable membrane.
- gas-selective permeable membranes fluorine resin-based synthetic resin membranes
- Nafion membrane materials are commercially available as solutions, and when mixed to form a film, sulfo groups can be introduced into the gas-selective permeable membrane. .
- FIG. 3 shows the Si chip 4.
- the Si chip 4 has a micro hot plate 20 provided with electrodes and heaters on the cavity 26.
- the hot plate 20 is supported by a beam 24, and a film-shaped metal oxide semiconductor 22 is provided on the hot plate 20. 28 is a pad.
- the pads of the Si chip 4 are connected to the terminals 17 provided on the housing 5 via the lead wires 16.
- FIG. 4 shows an operation pattern of the gas sensor 2.
- the gas sensor 2 operates in a cycle P, is heated to an operating temperature of about 250 ° C. to 450 ° C. for a period T1 every cycle, and detects gas from the resistance value of the metal oxide semiconductor during heating.
- the gas detection unit is not limited to the Si chip 4, and the gas detection material is not limited to a metal oxide semiconductor.
- the catalytic combustion catalyst may be used as the gas detection material.
- the metal oxide semiconductor 22 it may be supported by something other than the hot plate 20.
- an electrochemical gas sensor in which a detection electrode and a counter electrode are connected to a liquid or solid electrolyte, or a reference electrode is additionally connected thereto may be used.
- Siloxane is a catalyst poison and poisons the Pt catalyst and the like in the catalytic combustion type gas sensor, and poisons the Pt catalyst and the like at the detection electrode of the electrochemical gas sensor. Therefore, the filter of the present invention can prevent the gas sensors from being poisoned.
- Figure 5 shows the results of a siloxane endurance test (exposure to 100 ppm D5 for 10 days).
- the gas sensors used are those shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- solid line a thin film of carboxymethylcellulose (thickness of about 0.5 ⁇ m) was used
- comparative example dashed line
- a thin film of methylcellulose thickness of about 0.4 ⁇ m was used.
- the change in sensitivity to 10 ppm of hydrogen and the change in sensitivity of 10 ppm of ethanol following exposure to D5 were measured, and the sensitivity during and after exposure was converted to the concentrations of hydrogen and ethanol from the calibration curve before exposure.
- the hydrogen sensitivity increases from late in the exposure, which is a sign of siloxane poisoning. No signs of siloxane poisoning were observed in the examples.
- a method for introducing an acidic group or a basic group into the organic polymer film is arbitrary.
- a film is formed by adding salt, sugar, fine oil droplets, and the like to an emulsion of water and vinyl acetate.
- salt, sugar, etc. are removed with water, or oil droplets are removed with oil, a porous vinyl acetate film is obtained.
- this membrane is impregnated with an aqueous solution of an organic sulfonic acid compound and dried, the organic sulfonic acid compound can be introduced into the pores of the membrane.
- a porous organic polymer gas permeable membrane may be impregnated with an aqueous solution of an organic acidic compound or an organic basic compound and dried.
- the concentration of the organic acidic substance or the organic basic substance with respect to the organic polymer film is arbitrary. For example, when the pore diameter is small, the concentration becomes low. When the pore diameter is large, the concentration can be increased.
- the weight ratio of the organic sulfonic acid compound to the membrane is preferably about 1: 100 to 30: 100.
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Abstract
Description
この発明の課題は、有機高分子通気性膜中にシロキサン分子を固定し、その透過を防止することにある。
4 Siチップ(ガス検出部)
5 ハウジング
6 リッド
7 開口
8 フィルタ
10 支持膜
12 通気性有機高分子膜
16 リード線
17 端子
20 マイクロホットプレート
22 金属酸化物半導体
24 ビーム
26 キャビティ
28 パッド
Claims (5)
- フィルタを介して雰囲気をガス検出部へ導入するガス検出器において、
前記フィルタは酸性基あるいは塩基性基を有しかつ通気性の有機高分子膜であることを特徴とする、ガス検出器。 - 前記ガス検出器はガスセンサであり、
前記ガス検出部と前記フィルタに加えて、前記ガス検出部を収容しかつ前記フィルタが取り付けられているハウジングを備えていることを特徴とする、請求項1のガス検出器。 - 前記有機高分子膜は、酸性基としてカルボキシル基を有するか、あるいは塩基性基としてアミノ基を有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2のガス検出器。
- 前記有機高分子膜は多糖類の膜であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2のガス検出器。
- 前記有機高分子膜は、カルボキシル基を有するカルボキシメチルセルロースの膜、あるいはアミノ基を有するキトサンの膜であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2のガス検出器。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020217007115A KR102685435B1 (ko) | 2018-08-10 | 2019-07-25 | 가스 검출기 |
US17/267,059 US11940432B2 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2019-07-25 | Gas detector |
CN201980053885.2A CN112703395A (zh) | 2018-08-10 | 2019-07-25 | 气体检测器 |
EP19847206.0A EP3835773A4 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2019-07-25 | GAS DETECTOR |
JP2020536457A JP7021756B2 (ja) | 2018-08-10 | 2019-07-25 | ガス検出器 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2018151404 | 2018-08-10 | ||
JP2018-151404 | 2018-08-10 |
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WO2020031723A1 true WO2020031723A1 (ja) | 2020-02-13 |
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PCT/JP2019/029238 WO2020031723A1 (ja) | 2018-08-10 | 2019-07-25 | ガス検出器 |
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US (1) | US11940432B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3835773A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7021756B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102685435B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN112703395A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2020031723A1 (ja) |
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EP3805745A4 (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2021-11-24 | Figaro Engineering Inc. | GAS DETECTION DEVICE AND GAS DETECTION METHOD |
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JP2011212565A (ja) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-27 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | シロキサン除去剤及びそれを用いたフィルター |
JP2013242269A (ja) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-12-05 | Figaro Eng Inc | ガスセンサ |
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2019
- 2019-07-25 CN CN201980053885.2A patent/CN112703395A/zh active Pending
- 2019-07-25 EP EP19847206.0A patent/EP3835773A4/en active Pending
- 2019-07-25 US US17/267,059 patent/US11940432B2/en active Active
- 2019-07-25 WO PCT/JP2019/029238 patent/WO2020031723A1/ja active Search and Examination
- 2019-07-25 KR KR1020217007115A patent/KR102685435B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2019-07-25 JP JP2020536457A patent/JP7021756B2/ja active Active
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US11940432B2 (en) | 2024-03-26 |
CN112703395A (zh) | 2021-04-23 |
KR102685435B1 (ko) | 2024-07-15 |
EP3835773A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
JPWO2020031723A1 (ja) | 2021-08-26 |
JP7021756B2 (ja) | 2022-02-17 |
KR20210039472A (ko) | 2021-04-09 |
US20210164951A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
EP3835773A4 (en) | 2022-04-27 |
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