WO2019223257A1 - 轨道车辆及其碰撞吸能系统 - Google Patents

轨道车辆及其碰撞吸能系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019223257A1
WO2019223257A1 PCT/CN2018/115799 CN2018115799W WO2019223257A1 WO 2019223257 A1 WO2019223257 A1 WO 2019223257A1 CN 2018115799 W CN2018115799 W CN 2018115799W WO 2019223257 A1 WO2019223257 A1 WO 2019223257A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
collision
collision energy
energy absorption
climbing device
coupler
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/115799
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋忠城
王先锋
陈晶晶
周礼
段华东
袁文辉
蒋济雄
张俊
张波
刘晓波
郭冰彬
江大发
李旺
李登科
刘国云
Original Assignee
中车株洲电力机车有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 filed Critical 中车株洲电力机车有限公司
Publication of WO2019223257A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019223257A1/zh
Priority to ZA2020/06957A priority Critical patent/ZA202006957B/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F19/00—Wheel guards; Bumpers; Obstruction removers or the like
    • B61F19/04—Bumpers or like collision guards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G9/00—Draw-gear
    • B61G9/04—Draw-gear combined with buffing appliances

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rail vehicle, and particularly to a rail vehicle and a collision energy absorption system thereof.
  • the present invention also relates to a rail vehicle including the above-mentioned collision energy absorption system.
  • Existing collision energy absorption systems mainly rely on couplers, anti-climbing devices, and front-end buffer beam structures of vehicles, and are all passive types.
  • the anti-climbing device is generally arranged outside the front end of the front of the vehicle, which will affect the appearance of the vehicle and the airflow resistance.
  • there is no linkage between the anti-climbing device and the coupler and there is a disconnection between the energy absorption between the two, which cannot reduce the instantaneous impact injury during the collision, and the safety is low.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a collision energy absorption system for rail vehicles, which makes the time sequence of energy absorption between the coupler and the anti-climbing device continuous through a linkage device, and there is no unbuffered interruption time, which reduces the instantaneous impact hazard of the collision process.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a rail vehicle including the above-mentioned collision energy absorbing system.
  • the present invention provides a collision energy absorption system for a rail vehicle, which includes a coupler mounted on the front of the front of the vehicle, an anti-climbing device, and a linkage device, and the linkage device is respectively connected to the coupler and the anti-climbing device.
  • the coupler protrudes from the front of the front of the vehicle, and the anti-climbing device is located inside the front of the vehicle.
  • the coupler moves to the rear of the front of the vehicle, and the anti-climbing is made by a linkage device.
  • the device moves forward of the front of the vehicle, so that the anti-climbing device can contact the collision object and absorb the collision energy during the compression process.
  • a guide box is installed in the vehicle head, an opening is provided at the front end of the guide box, and the opening faces the front of the vehicle head, and the anti-climbing device is installed in the guide box and can be along the guide box. Move to protrude from the opening.
  • the coupler includes a traction rod that protrudes from the front of the vehicle head under normal conditions and a compression tube that is provided inside the vehicle head and can be compressed, and a rear end of the traction rod is connected to the compression tube.
  • the crushing tube is connected to the linkage device.
  • the linkage device includes a linkage rod, the middle portion of the linkage rod is connected to the vehicle head through a fixed hinge, and the two ends of the linkage rod are respectively connected to the middle portion of the anti-climbing device and the crush tube through a slotted hinge. .
  • the two anti-climbing devices are included, and the two anti-climbing devices are respectively disposed on both sides of the coupler through the linkage device.
  • a movable baffle is provided at a corresponding position of the driver's cab hood of the vehicle head, and the climb preventer is located behind the movable baffle in a normal state.
  • a load bearing device is provided in the middle of the guide box to bear the collision pressure after the anti-climbing device is extended.
  • the load bearing device includes a stopper plate installed on the side of the guide box and a spring installed on the outer end of the stopper plate.
  • the stopper plate In a normal state, the stopper plate abuts the anti-climbing device (1)
  • the spring pushes the stopper into the guide box and abuts against the rear end of the anti-climbing device.
  • both sides of the guide box are provided with the carrying device.
  • the invention provides a rail vehicle, which includes a vehicle head and a collision energy absorption system installed on the vehicle head.
  • the collision energy absorption system is specifically the collision energy absorption system according to any one of the above.
  • the invention provides a collision energy absorption system for a rail vehicle, which includes a coupler, an anti-climbing device and a linkage device installed on the front of the vehicle head.
  • the linkage device is connected to the coupler and the anti-climbing device respectively.
  • the anti-climbing device is located inside the front of the vehicle, and the coupler is compressed into the front of the vehicle during a collision, and the anti-climbing device is pushed out of the front of the vehicle through a linkage device, so that the anti-climbing device can contact the collision object and absorb collision energy during the compression process.
  • the anti-climbing device In the normal state, the anti-climbing device is located inside the front of the vehicle, which is both beautiful and reduces the aerodynamic resistance of the front of the vehicle; through the linkage device, when the collision occurs, the anti-climbing device is actively pushed out for collision energy absorption, and the time between the coupler and the anti-climbing device is absorbed.
  • the sequence is coherent, and there is no unbuffered interruption time, which reduces the transient impact hazard of the collision process and improves safety.
  • the present invention also provides a rail vehicle including the above collision energy absorption system. Since the above collision energy absorption system has the above technical effects, the above rail vehicles should also have the same technical effects, which will not be described in detail here.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a normal state of a specific embodiment of a collision energy absorption system provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a collision state of a specific embodiment of a collision energy absorption system provided by the present invention.
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a collision energy absorption system for a rail vehicle.
  • the time sequence of energy absorption between the coupler and the anti-climbing device is continuous through a linkage device. There is no unbuffered interruption time, which reduces the instantaneous impact hazard of the collision process.
  • Another core of the present invention is to provide a rail vehicle including the above-mentioned collision energy absorption system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a normal state of a specific embodiment of a collision energy absorption system provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a specific embodiment of a collision energy absorption system provided by the present invention Collision status diagram.
  • a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a collision energy absorbing system for a rail vehicle, which includes a coupler installed at the front of the front 10, an anti-climbing device 1 and a linkage device.
  • the interlocking device connects the coupler and the anti-climbing device 1, respectively, and the hook extends under normal conditions. Since the front of the front 10 and the anti-climbing device 1 are located inside the front 10, the coupler moves toward the rear of the front 10 during a collision (in some cases, the coupler will be compressed into the inside of the front 10), and the linkage device will The anti-climbing device 1 moves forward of the front 10 and is pushed out of the front 10 so that the anti-climbing device 1 can contact the collision object and absorb collision energy during compression.
  • the anti-climber 1 In the normal state (when the vehicle is in normal operation without collision), the anti-climber 1 is located inside the front 10, which is both beautiful and reduces the aerodynamic resistance of the front 10; through the linkage device, the anti-climber 1 is actively pushed out for collision when a collision occurs Energy absorption, the time sequence of energy absorption between the coupler and the anti-climbing device 1 is continuous, and there is no unbuffered interruption time, which reduces the instant impact hazard of the collision process and improves safety.
  • a guide box 2 is installed in the vehicle head 10, an opening is provided at the front end of the guide box 2, and the opening faces the front of the vehicle head 10.
  • the anti-climbing device 1 is installed in the guide box 2. And can move along the guide box 2 to protrude from the opening. That is, in a normal state, the anti-climbing device 1 is located in the guide box 2, and the anti-climbing device 1 is pushed out of the guide box 2 during a collision, and because the guide box 2 is located inside the front 10 and near the front of the front 10, the anti-climbing device 1 is in the guide box.
  • the expansion and contraction in 2 is the expansion and contraction of the anti-climbing device 1 relative to the vehicle head 10.
  • the guide box 2 plays a guiding role to ensure that the extending direction of the anti-climbing device 1 is toward the front of the vehicle head 10.
  • the lubricant is coated between the anti-climbing device 1 and the guide box 2.
  • Other guiding methods can also be adopted, such as providing a guide slide rail, which are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the coupler includes a traction rod 3 and a crushing tube 4, the rear end of the traction rod 3 is connected to the crushing tube 4, and the crushing tube 4 is connected to a linkage device.
  • the traction rod 3 protrudes from the front of the front 10 and is crushed
  • the tube 4 is in an extended state.
  • the tow bar 3 is pushed back to the inside of the vehicle head 10 to further compress the crushed tube 4 and simultaneously drive the linkage device connected to the crushed tube 4 to realize the linkage control of the coupler to the anti-climbing device 1 .
  • the linkage device may take various forms.
  • the linkage device includes a linkage rod 5, the middle portion of the linkage rod 5 is connected to the vehicle head 10 through a fixed hinge 6, and both ends of the linkage rod 5 pass
  • the chute hinge 7 is respectively connected to the middle of the anti-climbing device 1 and the crushing tube 4, and the end of the linkage rod 7 penetrates into the chute with the chute hinge 7.
  • a lever structure is formed, the fixed hinge 6 is a fulcrum, and the slotted hinge 7 at both ends moves synchronously, and the directions of movement in the front-rear direction are opposite.
  • a pulley block mechanism or a multi-link mechanism can also be used, both of which can realize the linkage control of the coupler to the anti-climbing device 1.
  • the number and position of the anti-climbing devices 1 can be adjusted according to the situation. For example, two anti-climbing devices 1 and two sets of linkage devices are provided at the same time. The two anti-climbing devices 1 are respectively arranged on both sides of the coupler through the linkage devices.
  • a movable baffle is provided at the corresponding position of the driver's cab head cover of the vehicle head 10.
  • the anti-climbing device 1 is located behind the movable baffle, and the movable baffle and the driver's cab head cover are formed.
  • the complete external structure does not guarantee the streamlined shape of the vehicle head 10.
  • the movable baffle can be opened so that the anti-climbing device 1 can protrude from the vehicle head 10.
  • a load bearing device is provided in the middle of the guide box 2 to bear the collision pressure after the anti-climbing device 1 is extended to improve the collision energy absorption effect.
  • the bearing device includes a stopper plate 8 installed on the side of the guide box 2 and a spring 9 installed on the outer end of the stopper plate 8.
  • the stopper plate 8 abuts against the side of the anti-climbing device 1 and prevents
  • the spring 9 pushes the stop plate 8 into the guide box 2 and abuts against the rear end of the anti-climber 1.
  • Both sides of the guide box 2 are provided with a carrying device.
  • the specific working process is that, in a normal state, the tow bar 3 is located outside the front 10, and the crushing tube 4 connected to the tow bar 3 is in an extended state.
  • the opening at the front end and the inner end of the stopper plate 8 abut against the side of the anti-climbing device 1, at this time, the spring 9 is in a compressed state.
  • the tow bar 3 is pushed into the vehicle head 10 while compressing the crushing tube 4, the movement of the hinge 7 with the groove is decomposed, the lateral movement is realized along the groove, the longitudinal movement drives the rotation of the linkage 5, Under the action of the hinge 7 at one end, the anti-climbing device 1 is pushed forward, punching out the movable baffle, and protruding out of the front 10.
  • the stops on both sides of the guide box 2 The plate 8 enters the guide box 2 under the pressure of the spring 9 and abuts against the rear end of the anti-climbing device 1 and bears the collision pressure of the anti-climbing device 1.
  • the front of the anti-climbing device 1 contacts the collision object It absorbs collision energy during compression.
  • load bearing devices such as a baffle provided at the inner rear end of the guide box 2 and a snap-in positioning block on the inner side wall of the guide box 2, are also within the scope of the present invention.
  • a specific embodiment of the present invention also provides a rail vehicle including the above-mentioned collision energy-absorbing system.
  • a rail vehicle including the above-mentioned collision energy-absorbing system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)

Abstract

一种轨道车辆的碰撞吸能系统，包括安装于车头（10）前部的车钩、防爬器（1）和联动装置，所述联动装置分别连接所述车钩和所述防爬器，正常状态下所述车钩伸出于所述车头前部，且所述防爬器位于所述车头内部，碰撞时所述车钩向所述车头的后方移动，并通过联动装置使所述防爬器向所述车头的前方移动，使所述防爬器能够与碰撞对象接触并在压缩过程中吸收碰撞能量。该碰撞吸能系统既美观又减小了车头气动阻力，在碰撞时不存在无缓冲的间断时间，减少了碰撞过程的瞬时冲击危害，提高了安全性。一种包括上述碰撞吸能系统的轨道车辆。

Description

轨道车辆及其碰撞吸能系统 技术领域
本发明涉及轨道车辆别是涉及一种轨道车辆及其碰撞吸能系统。此外，本发明还涉及一种包括上述碰撞吸能系统的轨道车辆。
背景技术
为了提高安全性，现有轨道交通车辆均需要设置碰撞吸能系统，现有的碰撞吸能系统主要依靠车钩、防爬器及车体前端缓冲梁结构等，且均为被动型式。防爬器一般设置于车头前端外部，会影响车辆外观和气流阻力。在碰撞过程中，防爬器与车钩之间没有联动关系，两者之间的吸能存在脱节，无法减缓碰撞过程中的瞬时冲击伤害，安全性较低。
因此，如何提供一种有效减缓碰撞过程中瞬时冲击伤害提高安全性的碰撞吸能系统是本领域技术人员目前需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种轨道车辆的碰撞吸能系统，通过联动装置使车钩与防爬器之间吸能的时间顺序连贯，不存在无缓冲的间断时间，减少了碰撞过程的瞬时冲击危害。本发明的另一目的是提供一种包括上述碰撞吸能系统的轨道车辆。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种轨道车辆的碰撞吸能系统，包括安装于车头前部的车钩、防爬器和联动装置，所述联动装置分别连接所述车钩和所述防爬器，正常状态下所述车钩伸出于所述车头前部，且所述防爬器位于所述车头内部，碰撞时所述车钩向所述车头的后方移动，并通过联动装置使所述防爬器向所述车头的前方移动，使所述防爬器能够与碰撞对象接触并在压缩过程中吸收碰撞能量。
优选地，所述车头内安装有导向盒，所述导向盒的前端设置有开口，且开口朝向所述车头前部，所述防爬器安装于所述导向盒内并能够沿所述导向盒移动以伸出于所述开口。
优选地，所述车钩包括正常状态下伸出于所述车头前部的牵引杆和设置于所述车头内部并能够被压缩的压溃管，所述牵引杆的后端连接所述压溃管，所述压溃管连接所述联动装置。
优选地，所述联动装置包括联动杆，所述联动杆的中部通过固定铰连接车头，所述联动杆的两端通过带滑槽铰分别连接所述防爬器的中部和所述压溃管。
优选地，包括两个所述防爬器，两个所述防爬器通过所述联动装置分别设置于所述车钩两侧。
优选地，所述车头的司机室头罩对应位置设置有活动挡板，正常状态下所述防爬器位于 所述活动挡板后。
优选地，所述导向盒中部设置有在所述防爬器伸出后承载碰撞压力的承载装置。
优选地，所述承载装置包括安装于所述导向盒侧面的止挡板和安装于所述止挡板外端的弹簧，正常状态下所述止挡板抵接于所述防爬器(1)的侧面，当所述防爬器伸出时所述弹簧推动所述止挡板进入所述导向盒并与所述防爬器后端相抵。
优选地，所述导向盒两侧均设置有所述承载装置。
本发明提供一种轨道车辆，包括车头以及安装于所述车头的碰撞吸能系统，所述碰撞吸能系统具体为上述任意一项所述的碰撞吸能系统。
本发明提供一种轨道车辆的碰撞吸能系统，包括安装于车头前部的车钩、防爬器和联动装置，联动装置分别连接车钩和防爬器，正常状态下车钩伸出于车头前部，且防爬器位于车头内部，碰撞时车钩被压缩至车头内部，并通过联动装置将防爬器推出于车头，使防爬器能够与碰撞对象接触并在压缩过程中吸收碰撞能量。正常状态时，防爬器处于车头内部，既美观又减小了车头气动阻力；通过联动装置，在碰撞发生时主动推出防爬器进行碰撞吸能，车钩与防爬器之间吸能的时间顺序连贯，不存在无缓冲的间断时间，减少了碰撞过程的瞬时冲击危害，提高安全性。
本发明还提供一种包括上述碰撞吸能系统的轨道车辆，由于上述碰撞吸能系统具有上述技术效果，上述轨道车辆也应具有同样的技术效果，在此不再详细介绍。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供的碰撞吸能系统的一种具体实施方式的正常状态示意图；
图2为本发明所提供的碰撞吸能系统的一种具体实施方式的碰撞状态示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心是提供一种轨道车辆的碰撞吸能系统，通过联动装置使车钩与防爬器之间吸能的时间顺序连贯，不存在无缓冲的间断时间，减少了碰撞过程的瞬时冲击危害。本发明的另一核心是提供一种包括上述碰撞吸能系统的轨道车辆。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图1和图2，图1为本发明所提供的碰撞吸能系统的一种具体实施方式的正常状态示意图；图2为本发明所提供的碰撞吸能系统的一种具体实施方式的碰撞状态示意图。
本发明具体实施方式提供一种轨道车辆的碰撞吸能系统，包括安装于车头10前部的车钩、防爬器1和联动装置，联动装置分别连接车钩和防爬器1，正常状态下车钩伸出于车头10前部，且防爬器1位于车头10内部，碰撞时所述车钩向所述车头10的后方移动(某些 情况下车钩会被压缩至车头10内部)，并通过联动装置使防爬器1向车头10的前方移动，推出于车头10，使防爬器1能够与碰撞对象接触并在压缩过程中吸收碰撞能量。
正常状态时(车辆正常运行未发生碰撞时，)，防爬器1处于车头10内部，既美观又减小了车头10气动阻力；通过联动装置，在碰撞发生时主动推出防爬器1进行碰撞吸能，车钩与防爬器1之间吸能的时间顺序连贯，不存在无缓冲的间断时间，减少了碰撞过程的瞬时冲击危害，提高安全性。
在本发明具体实施方式提供的碰撞吸能系统中，车头10内安装有导向盒2，导向盒2的前端设置有开口，且开口朝向车头10前部，防爬器1安装于导向盒2内并能够沿导向盒2移动以伸出于开口。即正常状态下，防爬器1位于导向盒2内，碰撞时防爬器1被推出导向盒2，且由于导向盒2位于车头10内部并靠近车头10前端，因此防爬器1在导向盒2内的伸缩即为防爬器1相对于车头10的伸缩。同时导向盒2起到导向的作用，保证防爬器1的伸出方向为向车头10前方伸出，为了保证防爬器1伸缩顺畅，防爬器1和导向盒2之间涂有润滑油。也可采用其他导向方式，如设置导向滑轨等，均在本发明的保护范围之内。
其中，车钩包括牵引杆3和压溃管4，牵引杆3的后端连接压溃管4，压溃管4连接联动装置，正常状态下牵引杆3伸出于车头10前部，且压溃管4处于伸展状态，碰撞时牵引杆3被推回车头10内部，进一步压缩压溃管4，同时带动了连接压溃管4的联动装置运动，实现了车钩对防爬器1的联动控制。
在本发明具体实施方式提供的碰撞吸能系统中，联动装置可以采用多种形式，如联动装置包括联动杆5，联动杆5的中部通过固定铰6连接车头10，联动杆5的两端通过带滑槽铰7分别连接防爬器1的中部和压溃管4，联动杆7的端部穿入带滑槽铰7的滑槽中。形成了杠杆结构，固定铰6为支点，两端的带滑槽铰7同步运动，且在前后方向上的运动方向相反。也可采用滑轮组机构或多连杆机构等，均能够实现车钩对防爬器1的联动控制。
可以根据情况调整防爬器1的数量和设置位置，如设置两个防爬器1，同时设置两套联动装置，两个防爬器1通过联动装置分别设置于车钩两侧。
为了进一步提高美观程度并减小气动阻力，在车头10的司机室头罩对应位置处设置有活动挡板，正常状态下防爬器1位于活动挡板后，活动挡板与司机室头罩形成完整的外部结构，不会保证车头10的流线型外形，碰撞时，活动挡板可以打开，使防爬器1能够伸出于车头10。
在上述各具体实施方式提供的碰撞吸能系统的基础上，导向盒2中部设置有承载装置，在防爬器1伸出后承载碰撞压力，提高碰撞吸能效果。
具体地，承载装置包括安装于导向盒2侧面的止挡板8和安装于止挡板8外端的弹簧 9，正常状态下止挡板8抵接于所述防爬器1的侧面，当防爬器1伸出时弹簧9推动止挡板8进入导向盒2并与防爬器1后端相抵。导向盒2两侧均设置有承载装置。
具体工作过程为，正常状态下，牵引杆3位于车头10外部，与其连接的压溃管4处于伸展状态，防爬器1位于导向盒2内部，即位于车头10内部，活动挡板遮挡车头10前端的开口，止挡板8的内端与防爬器1侧面相抵，此时弹簧9处于压缩状态。
发生碰撞时，牵引杆3被向车头10内部推入，同时压缩压溃管4，带滑槽铰7的运动被分解，沿滑槽实现横向运动，纵向运动驱动联动杆5的旋转，在另一端的带滑槽铰7的作用下，防爬器1被向前推出，冲出活动挡板，伸出于车头10外部，当防爬器1完全推出时，导向盒2两侧的止挡板8在弹簧9压力下进入导向盒2，并与防爬器1后端相抵，承载防爬器1的碰撞压力；当压溃管4被压到底时，防爬器1前端与碰撞对象接触并在压缩的过程中吸收碰撞能量。
也可采用其他类型的承载装置，如设置于导向盒2内部后端的挡板，并在导向盒2内侧壁上设置卡接定位块等结构，均在本发明的保护范围之内。
除了上述碰撞吸能系统，本发明的具体实施方式还提供一种包括上述碰撞吸能系统的轨道车辆，该轨道车辆其他各部分的结构请参考现有技术，本文不再赘述。
以上对本发明所提供的轨道车辆及其碰撞吸能系统进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种轨道车辆的碰撞吸能系统，其特征在于，包括安装于车头(10)前部的车钩、防爬器(1)和联动装置，所述联动装置分别连接所述车钩和所述防爬器(1)，正常状态下所述车钩伸出于所述车头(10)前部，且所述防爬器(1)位于所述车头(10)内部，碰撞时所述车钩向所述车头(10)的后方移动，并通过联动装置使所述防爬器(1)向所述车头(10)的前方移动，使所述防爬器(1)能够与碰撞对象接触并在压缩过程中吸收碰撞能量。
  2. 一种轨道车辆的碰撞吸能系统，其特征在于，包括安装于车头(10)前部的车钩、防爬器(1)和联动装置，所述联动装置分别连接所述车钩和所述防爬器(1)，正常状态下所述车钩伸出于所述车头(10)前部，且所述防爬器(1)位于所述车头(10)内部，碰撞时所述车钩被压缩至所述车头(10)内部，并通过联动装置将所述防爬器(1)推出于所述车头(10)，使所述防爬器(1)能够与碰撞对象接触并在压缩过程中吸收碰撞能量。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的碰撞吸能系统，其特征在于，所述车头(10)内安装有导向盒(2)，所述导向盒(2)的前端设置有开口，且开口朝向所述车头(10)前部，所述防爬器(1)安装于所述导向盒(2)内并能够沿所述导向盒(2)移动以伸出于所述开口。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的碰撞吸能系统，其特征在于，所述车钩包括正常状态下伸出于所述车头(10)前部的牵引杆(3)和设置于所述车头(10)内部并能够被压缩的压溃管(4)，所述牵引杆(3)的后端连接所述压溃管(4)，所述压溃管(4)连接所述联动装置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的碰撞吸能系统，其特征在于，所述联动装置包括联动杆(5)，所述联动杆(5)的中部通过固定铰(6)连接车头(10)，所述联动杆(5)的两端通过带滑槽铰(7)分别连接所述防爬器(1)的中部和所述压溃管(4)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的碰撞吸能系统，其特征在于，包括两个所述防爬器(1)，两个所述防爬器(1)通过所述联动装置分别设置于所述车钩两侧。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的碰撞吸能系统，其特征在于，所述车头(10)的司机室头罩对应位置设置有活动挡板，正常状态下所述防爬器(1)位于所述活动挡板后。
  8. 根据权利要求3至7任意一项所述的碰撞吸能系统，其特征在于，所述导向盒(2)中部设置有在所述防爬器(1)伸出后承载碰撞压力的承载装置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的碰撞吸能系统，其特征在于，所述承载装置包括安装于所述导向盒(2)侧面的止挡板(8)和安装于所述止挡板(8)外端的弹簧(9)，正常状态下所述止挡板(8)抵接于所述防爬器(1)的侧面，当所述防爬器(1)伸出时所述弹簧(9)推动所述止挡板(8)进入所述 导向盒(2)并与所述防爬器(1)后端相抵。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的碰撞吸能系统，其特征在于，所述导向盒(2)两侧均设置有所述承载装置。
  11. 一种轨道车辆，包括车头(10)以及安装于所述车头(10)的碰撞吸能系统，其特征在于，所述碰撞吸能系统具体为权利要求1至10任意一项所述的碰撞吸能系统。
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