WO2019189898A1 - 甘味受容体(t1r2/t1r3)以外も甘味応答せしめる甘味組成物 - Google Patents
甘味受容体(t1r2/t1r3)以外も甘味応答せしめる甘味組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019189898A1 WO2019189898A1 PCT/JP2019/014357 JP2019014357W WO2019189898A1 WO 2019189898 A1 WO2019189898 A1 WO 2019189898A1 JP 2019014357 W JP2019014357 W JP 2019014357W WO 2019189898 A1 WO2019189898 A1 WO 2019189898A1
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- sweet
- sweetness
- food
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- sucrose
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- UQDJGEHQDNVPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N serine phosphoethanolamine Chemical compound [NH3+]CCOP([O-])(=O)OCC([NH3+])C([O-])=O UQDJGEHQDNVPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
- A23L27/33—Artificial sweetening agents containing sugars or derivatives
- A23L27/34—Sugar alcohols
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
- A23L2/60—Sweeteners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
- A23L27/33—Artificial sweetening agents containing sugars or derivatives
- A23L27/36—Terpene glycosides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
- A23L33/29—Mineral substances, e.g. mineral oils or clays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sweet food or drink having a sweetness essentially similar to sucrose, particularly a low calorie sweet food or drink, a method for producing the food or drink, and a sweetener composition for imparting a sweetness essentially similar to sucrose. Further, the present invention relates to a method for screening a sweet substance having a sweetness essentially similar to sucrose.
- T1R2 and T1R3 are known as sweet taste receptors. T1R2 and T1R3 have been reported to form heterodimers (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- Sweeteners have been developed as alternatives to sugar (also called sucrose or sucrose), which has been the main sweetener since ancient times, and many kinds of sweeteners are used as foods.
- Can be used for Sweeteners can be roughly classified into two types: sugar-type sweeteners and non-sugar-type sweeteners.
- Sugar-based sweeteners are classified into sucrose, starch-derived sugars, other sugars, sugar alcohols, etc., and non-sugar-based sweeteners include natural sweeteners and synthetic sweeteners, or low-sweetness sweeteners. And sweeteners.
- sucrose When substituting low-calorie sweeteners for sucrose (sweetness 1.0) in foods and beverages, or when designing a new design, part or all of sucrose is converted to saccharide-based sweeteners and / or non-sugar-based products
- saccharide sweeteners is as low as about 0.1 to 1.5, generally, non-saccharide sweeteners with high sweetness, which is several hundred times sweeter than sucrose, are mainly used.
- high-sweetness sweetener-containing low-calorie beverages high sucralose and other high-calorie beverages in which part or all of sucrose is replaced with high-sweetness sweeteners and the sweetness of high-sweetness sweeteners is improved to sucrose-like In beverages blended with sweeteners, brandy absolute or wine lease oil is blended) (Patent Document 1).
- Non-patent Document 8 As an example of the contrast effect, which is one of the taste interactions, the phenomenon that sweetness increases when salt is added to soup flour has long been known. There are examples that report on the interaction between salty taste and sweetness, focusing on this phenomenon, but sweetness (15% solution) and salt concentration (0.1-0.2%) are strong to some extent. (Non-patent Document 8).
- Patent Document 2 describes a beverage containing turmeric extract containing a predetermined amount of D-psicose, sodium citrate, acesulfame K, sucralose, etc.
- Patent Document 3 includes D-psicose, stevia, sodium citrate and the like.
- a cola beverage containing a fixed amount is a liquid sweetener containing a predetermined amount of D-psicose, sodium saccharin, etc. in Patent Document 4, and a beverage containing a predetermined amount of sodium gluconate, erythritol, stevia, etc. in Patent Document 5.
- Patent Document 6 a cola concentrate containing a predetermined amount of sugar-free diet cola concentrate, rebaudioside M, D-psicose, erythritol and the like
- Patent Document 7 includes sodium benzoate, rebaudioside M, D-psicose
- a diet cola beverage containing a predetermined amount of erythritol and the like is disclosed in Patent Document 8 as thaumatin and stevia sweet.
- Erythritol and sodium chloride are mixed in a predetermined amount
- Patent Document 9 describes acidified water in which RebX and erythritol are mixed in a predetermined amount. No comparison of quality with sucrose is described.
- Japanese Patent No. 4548836 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-23803 JP 2012-70708 A JP2016-54651A JP 2000-300190 A Special Table 2017-532027 Special table 2016-518143 gazette JP-A-8-89207 Special Table 2015-502404
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems. Even in the presence of lactisol, which is an inhibitor of the sweet receptor (T1R2 / T1R3), human beings have caloric sweetness such as glucose and fructose. It is found that the sweetness of non-caloric sweeteners such as D-allulose and erythritol can be felt as well as the ingredients.
- a sweetener that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than T1R2 / T1R3 such as, a low-calorie and essentially sweet sucrose sweetness while exhibiting moderate sweetness developed.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to the following.
- the component (a) is a caloric sweetener.
- the caloric sweetener is selected from sucrose, glucose, fructose and combinations thereof.
- the component (c) is rebaudioside D, rebaudioside M, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, glycyrrhizin, thaumatin, monelin, mogroside, rubusoside, curculin, mabinlin, brazein, pentadine, phyllodultin, hernandultin, miraculin, Siraitia grosvenorii plant Sweet component, Glycyrrhiza glabra plant-containing sweet component, Rubus suavissimus S. Lee plant-containing sweet component, Hydrangea macrophylla var.
- Sweet component Curculigo latifolia plant-containing sweet component, Richadella dulcifica plant-containing sweet component, Pentadiplandra brazzeana plant-containing sweet component, Capparis masaikai plant-containing sweet component, Lippia dulcis plant-containing sweet component and derivatives thereof, and It is selected from combinations thereof, [1] to food and drink according to any one of [7]. [9] The food or drink according to any one of [1] to [5] and [8], wherein the total energy amount is 0 to 5 Kcal / 100 ml. [10] The food or drink according to any one of [1], [6] to [8], wherein the total energy TE is 0 ⁇ TE ⁇ 24 Kcal / 100 ml. [11] The food or drink according to any one of [1] to [10], wherein the amount ratio of the component (c) to the component (a) is 1: 100000 to 1: 5.
- Component (a) includes one or more sweet substances selected from glucose, sucrose, fructose, erythritol and D-allulose, and component (c) is selected from rebaudioside D, rebaudioside M and mogroside V
- Ingredient (a) includes one or more sweet substances selected from glucose, sucrose, fructose, erythritol, D-allulose, sorbitol, D-xylose, xylitol, D-tagatose and D-ribose
- a method for screening a sweet substance for evaluating a taste response by a candidate substance in the presence of an inhibitor of a sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 or an inhibitor of a taste related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 A method comprising the steps.
- the taste-related molecule is selected from GLUT, SGLT, and Kir6.1 / SUR1 complex, and the inhibitor is lactisol, gymnemic acid, phlorizin, phloretin, facentin, STF31, WZB117, BAY-876, cytochalasin B , Sotagriflozin, ipragliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, sergliflozin, tofogliflozin and luseogliflozin.
- the present invention has one or more of the following effects. (1) By using a sweet substance other than sucrose, it is possible to produce a food or drink that exhibits a sweetness essentially similar to sucrose. (2) Sweetness essentially close to sucrose can be imparted to food and drink while keeping calories low. (3) A sweet substance other than sucrose that can impart sweetness essentially similar to sucrose can be selected. (4) A sucrose-like low-calorie sweetener composition and food and drink can be designed.
- this invention provides the following food / beverage products (henceforth "the food / beverage products A of this invention”).
- sweet receptor refers to a biomolecule that contacts a sweet substance and generates a signal related to a sweetness response.
- the sweet receptor in the present invention is preferably a T1R2 / T1R3 dimer (sometimes abbreviated as T1R2 / T1R3).
- the “sweet receptor” in the present invention refers to a T1R2 / T1R3 dimer.
- Sweet receptors are naturally expressed on the surface of taste cells, but may be artificially expressed in other cells.
- the sweet taste receptor is a human sweet taste receptor.
- sweet substance means any substance that causes a sweetness response
- sweetener means any substance or group of substances that cause a sweetness response. Whether a certain substance or group of substances causes a sweetness response is known or can be determined by sensory evaluation or the like.
- the sweet response typically occurs via the sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3, for example, an evaluation system using cells expressing T1R2 / T1R3, an animal having T1R2 / T1R3 (for example, rodents) It is also possible to determine whether a certain substance or substance group causes a sweetness response by using an evaluation system using a taste nerve response model in), an evaluation system using a sweet receptor genetic deficient mouse, or the like.
- test substances when test substances are allowed to act on cells expressing T1R2 / T1R3 and cell activation (for example, increase in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration) is detected, the test substance Can be determined to be sweet substances (see, for example, Masuda et al., PLoS One. 2012; 7 (4): e35380).
- the test substance is allowed to act on the tongue of an animal (for example, mouse) in the presence or absence of an inhibitor (for example, gurmarin) for T1R2 / T1R3, If the response in the presence is small compared to the response in the absence of the inhibitor, the test substance can be determined to be a sweet substance (see, eg, Yasumatsu et al., BMC Neurosci. 2009; 10: 152) .
- an inhibitor for example, gurmarin
- test substance is administered to a T1R3KO mouse and the sweetness response is small compared to its wild type, it can be determined that the test substance is a sweet substance (Damak et al, Science. 2003; 301 (5634): 850-3).
- Sweet substances can be divided into saccharide-based sweeteners and non-saccharide-type sweeteners based on structural characteristics, and can be classified into low-sweetness sweeteners and high-sweetness-weight sweeteners based on the sweetness level. Moreover, based on energy (calorie), a sweet substance can also be divided into a calorie sweetener and a non-calorie sweetener.
- Sugar-based sweeteners include, but are not limited to, sugar sugars such as sucrose, lactose, glucose, maltose, starch syrup, isomerized sugar, fructose and the like, erythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, xylitol, and palatinit.
- sucrose palatinose, fructooligosaccharide, coupling sugar (R) , lactose, galactooligosaccharide, dairy oligosaccharide, raffinose, soybean oligosaccharide, honey and the like.
- sugar-based sweetener contains a rare sugar.
- Rare sugars refer to monosaccharides and their derivatives that have a low abundance in nature.
- naturally occurring aldoses other than D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-ribose, D-xylose and L-arabinose naturally occurring ketose other than D-fructose, natural other than D-sorbitol Sugar alcohols and the like present in are included in rare sugars.
- Non-limiting examples of rare sugars include, for example, D-tagatose, D-sorbose, D-allulose (D-psicose), L-fructose, L-allulose (L-psicose), L-tagatose, L-sorbose, etc. Examples thereof include aldoses such as ketose, altrose and D-allose, and sugar alcohols such as xylitol, erythritol and D-talitol.
- Non-sugar sweeteners include, but are not limited to, steviol glycosides, glycyrrhizin, monelin, thaumatin, aspartame, saccharin, sodium saccharin, disodium glycyrrhizinate, trisodium glycyrrhizinate, acesulfame K, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, sucralose Etc.
- the low-sweetness sweetener means a compound having sweetness comparable to that of sucrose (for example, about 0.1 to 2 times, about 0.5 to 1.5 times that of sucrose).
- Non-limiting examples of low-intensity sweeteners include sucrose, isomerized sugar, glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, xylose, lactulose, fructooligosaccharides, maltooligosaccharides, isomaltoligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, coupling sugar (R) Saccharide low-sweetness sweeteners such as palatinose, and sugar alcohol low-sweetness sweeteners such as maltitol, sorbitol, erythritol, xylitol, lactitol, palatinit, and reduced starch saccharified product.
- the low-intensity sweetener contains a rare sugar.
- the high-intensity sweetener means a compound having a stronger sweetness than sucrose, and includes naturally occurring compounds, synthetic compounds, or naturally occurring compounds and combinations of synthetic compounds. High-intensity sweetener in the same amount as sucrose, more than 5 times, 10 times or more, 50 times or more, 100 times or more, 500 times or more, 1000 times or more, 5000 times or more, 10000 times or more, 50000 times or more than sucrose As described above, it exhibits a sweetness of 100,000 times or more.
- high-intensity sweeteners include peptide-based sweeteners such as aspartame, neotame, and advantame, and sucrose derivatives such as sucralose, such as acesulfame K, saccharin, sodium saccharin, sodium cyclamate, dultine, diglycyrrhizinate Synthetic sweeteners such as sodium, trisodium glycyrrhizinate, and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (including those that are naturally present, such as neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, but are mainly in circulation) such as thaumatin, monelin Sweeteners extracted from plants such as curculin, mabinlin, brazein, pentazine, hernanzultin, 4 ⁇ -hydroxyhernanzultin, miraculin, glycyrrhizin, rubusoside, phyllozultin, or high
- Lee extract Hydrangea macrophytha. (Amacha) extract, Sclerotiton ilicifolius extract, Thaumataococcus daniellii Benth extract, Dioscoreophyllum volkensii extract, Curculigo latifolia extract Western African strawberry) extract, Capparis masaikai extract, Lippia dulcis extract, and sweeteners in the extract, such as stevia extract and stevia extract, and enzyme with glucose added Stevia derivatives such as treated stevia Which steviol glycosides, Luohan fruit, and glycosides obtained from plant extracts such as mogrosides and phyllodultin glycosides obtained by processing Luohan fruit extract, Glycyrrhiza glabra plant-containing sweet ingredients (for example, triterpenes such as glycyrrhizin) Glycosides), Rubus suavissimus S.
- Amacha Sclerotiton ilicifolius extract
- Lee plant-containing sweet components eg diterpene glycosides such as rubusoside
- Hydrangea macrophylla var. Thunbergii plant-containing sweet components eg dihydroisocoumarins such as phyllodurtin
- Sclerotonroilicifolius plants Contains sweet ingredients (eg, amino acids such as monatin), Thaumataococcus daniellii Benth plant-containing sweet ingredients (eg, proteins such as thaumatin), Dioscoreophyllum volkensii plant-containing sweet ingredients (eg, proteins such as monelin), Curculigo latifolia plant-containing sweet ingredients (eg For example, curculin ), Richadella dulcifica plant-containing sweet ingredients (eg, proteins such as miraculin), Pentadiplandra brazzeana plant-containing sweet ingredients (eg, proteins such as brazein, pentadine), Capparis masaikai plant-containing sweet ingredients (eg, proteins
- steviol glycosides examples include stevioside, rebaudioside A (hereinafter, rebaudioside may be abbreviated as Reb), RebB, RebC, RebD, RebM, RebN, RebO, dulcoside A, rubusoside, and the like.
- mogrosides include mogroside IV and mogroside V.
- the licorice extract refers to an extract containing glycyrrhizic acid as a main component, which is obtained from roots or rhizomes of Ural licorice, butterfly or licorice.
- licorice extract examples include licorice extract, glycyrrhizin, and licorice extract.
- Sucrose derivatives include, for example, those obtained by substituting OH group or H group of sucrose with other substituents, such as halogen derivatives of sucrose (sucralose), oxathiadinone dioxide derivatives , Sugar alcohol, aldonic acid, uronic acid and the like.
- a caloric sweetener typically means a sweet substance having an energy of 4 kcal / g.
- the energy of the sweet substance is known, or the content is measured by HPLC etc. and calculated by multiplying by the energy conversion factor, or the physical combustion heat is measured by a calorimeter (for example, a bomb calorimeter etc.)
- a calorimeter for example, a bomb calorimeter etc.
- Non-limiting examples of caloric sweeteners include, for example, sucrose, lactose, glucose, maltose, starch syrup, isomerized sugar, fructose and the like.
- Non-caloric sweeteners typically refer to those that have the property of being less digestible in the body and resulting in less energy being consumed, less than 2 kcal / g, preferably less than 1 kcal / g, more preferably It means a sweet substance having an energy of less than 0.5 kcal / g.
- Non-limiting examples of non-caloric sweeteners include, for example, non-caloric hexoses such as allulose (psicose) and allose, non-caloric pentoses such as xylose and arabinose, non-caloric tetrose such as erythrose and threose, erythritol, and allitol. And non-caloric sugar alcohols.
- Sweet substances can also be classified by energy (calorie) level.
- the sweet substance can be classified into a sweet substance having an energy of 4 kcal / g or more and a sweet substance having an energy of less than 4 kcal / g.
- Sweet substances having an energy of less than 4 kcal / g are further sweeteners having an energy of less than 3 kcal / g, sweet substances having an energy of less than 2.5 kcal / g, sweet substances having an energy of less than 2 kcal / g, 1.5 kcal / g sweeteners with energy less than g, sweeteners with energy less than 1 kcal / g, sweeteners with energy less than 0.5 kcal / g, sweeteners with energy greater than 1 kcal / g and less than 4 kcal / g, 2 kcal / g g sweetener with energy less than 4 kcal / g, sweetener with energy greater than 3 kcal / g and less than
- Xylitol, D-xylose, D-ribose, D-tagatose, arabinose, etc. are sweeteners having energy of 0 kcal / g or more and less than 2 kcal / g. And so on.
- sweet substance (a) “component (a)”
- a sweet substance that can elicit a response (for example, a sweet response) even if a response (for example, a sweet response) through the receptor T1R2 / T1R3 is inhibited.
- a sweetening substance can elicit a sweetness response even if it inhibits the sweetness response via the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3, for example, the sweetness intensity of a solution (control solution) in which only the sweetening substance is dissolved ,
- Sweetness intensity is measured by sensory evaluation or cell assay, and is determined by comparing the sweetness intensity of the control solution with the sweetness intensity of the test solution.
- an amount sufficient to inhibit the sweetness response is, for example, when added to sucralose, but only when the sweetness intensity is below the sweetness threshold of sucrose, but when added to sucrose. Refers to the amount by which sweetness intensity above the sweetness threshold of sucrose is perceived.
- the sweetness threshold for sucrose is generally about 0.4 to 0.7 w / v%.
- the inhibitor Addition leaves 17% sweetness intensity, which corresponds to a sweetness concentration of 2.0 w / v% sucrose solution, which is above the threshold.
- the 200 ppm sucralose solution has a sweetness strength of 1.2% when the inhibitor is added and the sweetness strength when the inhibitor is not added is 100%, which corresponds to a sweetness concentration of 0.144 w / v% sucrose solution. And below the threshold.
- the amount of the sweet substance or the sweet taste receptor inhibitor is not limited to the above, and the amount can be arbitrarily adjusted.
- the ratio of the sweetness intensity of the test solution to the sweetness intensity of the control solution (eg, control The percentage when the sweetness intensity of the solution is 100% is, for example, 9% or more, 10% or more, 11% or more, 12% or more, 13% or more, 14% or more, 15% or more, or 16% or more In this case, it is possible to determine that the sweet substance is a “sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3”.
- Another method for determining whether a sweet substance can elicit a sweetness response even if it inhibits the sweetness response via the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 is, for example, sweetness via the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3. Compare the residual sweetness intensity of sucrose when the response was inhibited with the residual sweetness intensity of the test sweet substance when the sweetness response via the sweetness receptor T1R2 / T1R3 was inhibited. When the residual sweetness intensity of sucrose is close, it is determined that the test sweet substance is a sweet substance that can elicit a sweetness response even if the sweetness response via the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 is inhibited. It is done.
- the residual sweetness intensity of sucrose and the test sweetener is, for example, inhibition of the sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3 in an amount sufficient to inhibit the sweetness response via sucrose or the test sweetener and the sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3. It can be obtained by measuring the sweetness intensity of a solution (test solution) in which an agent (for example, lactisol, gymnemic acid, etc.) is dissolved by sensory evaluation or cell assay.
- test solution in which an agent (for example, lactisol, gymnemic acid, etc.) is dissolved by sensory evaluation or cell assay.
- the residual sweetness intensity of sucrose and the test sweet substance inhibits the sweetness intensity of a solution (control solution) in which only sucrose or the test sweet substance is dissolved, and the sweetness response via the sweetness receptor T1R2 / T1R3 in the control solution
- the sweetness intensity of a solution (test solution) in which a sufficient amount of the sweetness receptor T1R2 / T1R3 inhibitor is dissolved is measured by sensory evaluation or cell assay, and the sweetness intensity of the control solution and the sweetness of the test solution are measured. It can also be obtained by comparing the strength.
- the ratio of the residual sweetness intensity of the test solution to the residual sweetness intensity of sucrose is, for example, 50% or more, 51% or more, 52% or more, 53% or more, 54% or more, 55% or more, 56% or more, 57% or more, When it is 58% or more or 59% or more, it can be determined that the sweet substance is a “sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3”.
- the ratio of the residual sweetness intensity of the test solution to the residual sweetness intensity of sucrose for example, 50% or more, 51% or more, 52% or more, 53% or more, 54% or more, 55% or more, 56% or more, 57%
- the sweet substance is a “sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3”.
- Another method for determining whether a sweet substance is a "sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3" is, for example, a taste-related molecule other than sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3
- a method for determining whether or not the sweetness response by the sweetener is reduced when an inhibitor of the above is allowed to act is determined by, for example, the sweetness intensity of a solution (control solution) in which only the test sweet substance is dissolved, and a solution obtained by adding an inhibitor of a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 to the control solution.
- the sweetness intensity (residual sweetness intensity) of the (test solution) can be measured by sensory evaluation or a cell assay, and can be evaluated by comparing the two. If the reduction in sweetness response exceeds a predetermined value, the test sweet substance can be determined to be a “sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3”.
- Taste-related molecules other than sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3 (sometimes abbreviated as “non-T1R2 / T1R3 taste-related molecule”) refers to a molecule.
- the non-T1R2 / T1R3 taste-related molecule is expressed on a cell (eg, taste cell) that expresses the sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3, particularly on the cell surface.
- the non-T1R2 / T1R3 taste-related molecule is enhanced in activity by sodium, glucose, and the like.
- the non-T1R2 / T1R3 taste-related molecule is a sugar transporter such as GLUT (GLUT1-12, 14, HMIT, etc., especially GLUT2, 4, 8, 9), SGLT (SGLT1-6, especially SGLT1), One or more molecules selected from the Kir6.1 / SUR1 complex.
- the non-T1R2 / T1R3 taste-related molecule is one or more molecules selected from GLUT (particularly GLUT2, 4, 8, 9), SGLT (particularly SGLT1), Kir6.1 / SUR1 complex .
- the inhibitor of a non-T1R2 / T1R3 taste-related molecule is not particularly limited as long as it can inhibit the function of the molecule.
- phloretin, Fasentin, STF31, WZB117, BAY-876, cytochalasin B, etc. GLUT inhibitors, phlorizin, sotagliflozin, ipragliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, tofogliflozin, sergliflozin, luseogliflozin, and other SGLT inhibitors.
- the sweetness intensity of the control solution containing no phlorizin is 100%
- the relative sweetness intensity of the test solution is, for example, less than 94%, less than 93.5%, less than 93%, less than 92.5%, less than 92%, less than 91.5%, less than 91%, less than 90.5%, or less than 90% If the sweetness intensity reduction rate is more than 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5% or 10% It can be determined that the sweet substance is a “sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3”.
- Sweetening substances (a) include, but are not limited to, sugar-based sweeteners and low-sweetness sweeteners.
- sweetener (a) includes non-caloric saccharide sweeteners and low sweetness sweeteners.
- sweetener (a) comprises a non-caloric hexose, pentose, tetrose, polysaccharide whose terminal sugar is an aldose or ketose, a sugar alcohol, or a combination thereof.
- sweetener (a) comprises allulose, allose, xylose, arabinose, erythrose, threose, erythritol or a combination thereof.
- the sweet tastant (a) comprises a rare sugar.
- the sweet substance (a) contains a non-caloric rare sugar.
- sweetener (a) comprises erythritol, D-allulose or a combination thereof.
- the sweet substance (a) includes a caloric sugar-based sweetener and a low-intensity sweetener.
- sweetener (a) comprises sucrose, glucose, fructose or combinations thereof.
- the sweet substance (a) includes both a non-caloric sugar-based sweetener and a low-sweetness sweetener and a caloric sugar-based sweetener and a low-sweetness sweetener.
- sweetener (a) comprises erythritol, D-allulose, sucrose, glucose, fructose or combinations thereof.
- sweetener (a) comprises a sweetener having an energy of less than 4 kcal / g.
- sweetener (a) comprises a combination of a sweetener having an energy of less than 4 kcal / g and a sweetener having an energy of 4 kcal / g or greater.
- the sweet substance having an energy of less than 4 kcal / g is a sweet substance having an energy of less than 3 kcal / g, a sweet substance having an energy of less than 2.5 kcal / g, and a sweet substance having an energy of less than 2 kcal / g.
- sweet substances having an energy of 2 kcal / g or more and less than 4 kcal / g, sweet substances having an energy of 3 kcal / g or more and less than 4 kcal / g, sweet substances having an energy of 2 kcal / g or more and less than 3 kcal / g Includes sweet substances with energy of 1 kcal / g or more and less than 2 kcal / g, sweet substances with energy of 0 kcal / g or more and less than 2 kcal / g, sweet substances with energy of 0 kcal / g or more and less than 1 kcal / g, etc. That.
- sweetener (a) comprises a monosaccharide selected from hexose, pentose, tetrose, or a combination thereof.
- the hexose may be selected from ketohexoses such as allulose, fructose, sorbose, tagatose, aldohexoses such as allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, talose, deoxyhexoses such as fucose, fucose, rhamnose, etc. .
- the pentose may be selected from ketopentoses such as ribulose and xylulose, aldopentoses such as ribose, arabinose, xylose and lyxose, and deoxypentoses such as deoxyribose.
- Tetrose may be selected from ketotetroses such as erythrulose, and aldotetroses such as erythrose and threose.
- Monosaccharide includes D-form and L-form. In a preferred embodiment, the monosaccharide is a major stereoisomer in nature.
- the monosaccharide is D-allulose, D-fructose, D-sorbose, D-tagatose, D-allose, D-altrose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-gulose, D-idose.
- D-galactose, D-talose, D-fucose, D-fucose, D-rhamnose, D-ribulose, D-xylulose, D-ribose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-lyxose, D-deoxyribose It may be selected from D-erythulose, D-erythrose, D-threose.
- sweetener (a) comprises D-xylose, D-ribose, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-tagatose, D-allulose or combinations thereof.
- sweetener (a) comprises D-fructose, D-glucose, D-xylose, D-ribose, D-allulose or combinations thereof.
- sweetener (a) comprises a sugar alcohol. In a preferred embodiment, sweetener (a) comprises a hexose, pentose or tetrose sugar alcohol. In certain embodiments, the sweet tastant (a) comprises erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, inositol, mannitol or combinations thereof. In certain preferred embodiments, the sweet tastant (a) comprises erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol or a combination thereof.
- One embodiment of the particularly preferred sweet substance (a) comprises glucose, sucrose, fructose, erythritol, D-allulose, sorbitol, D-xylose, xylitol, D-ribose or a combination thereof.
- Another embodiment of the particularly preferred sweet substance (a) comprises glucose, sucrose, fructose, erythritol, D-allulose, xylitol, D-tagatose or combinations thereof.
- the amount of the component (a) contained in the food or drink of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as a predetermined sweetness intensity and / or a predetermined energy can be obtained when combined with the components (b) and (c).
- the amount Pa (w / v%) of the component (a) contained in the food or drink of the present invention is, for example, about 0.1 to about 20, about 0.2 to about 20, about 0.3 to about 19.5, about 0.4.
- Sodium source means a compound capable of producing sodium ions when food or drink is put in the mouth.
- the amount of the sodium source contained in the food or drink of the present invention is about 11.5 to about 46 mg / 100 ml as the amount of sodium (sodium atom) Pb (mg / 100 ml).
- the amount of sodium contained in the food and drink of the present invention is about 11.5 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 12 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 12.5 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 13 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, depending on the embodiment.
- the amount of sodium contained in the food or drink of the present invention is about 6 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 6.5 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 7 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 7.5 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, About 8 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 8.5 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 9 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 9.5 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 10 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 10.5 to about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 11 To about 46 mg / 100 ml, about 6 to about 34.5 mg / 100 ml, about 6.5 to about 34.5 mg / 100 ml, about 7 to about 34.5 mg / 100 ml, about 7.5 to about 34.5 mg / 100 ml, about 8 to about 34.5 mg / 100 ml About 8.5 to about 34.5 mg / 100 ml, about 9
- Non-limiting examples of sodium sources include, for example, organic acid salts such as sodium malate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, sodium lactate, sodium alginate, sodium gluconate, sodium ascorbate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate And inorganic salts such as sodium carbonate, sodium disulfide, sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide, and amino acid salts such as sodium arginate, sodium glutamate, sodium aspartate and sodium caseinate.
- organic acid salts such as sodium malate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, sodium lactate, sodium alginate, sodium gluconate, sodium ascorbate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate
- inorganic salts such as sodium carbonate, sodium disulfide, sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide
- amino acid salts such as sodium arginate, sodium glutamate, sodium aspartate and sodium caseinate.
- sodium sources of organic acid salts and inorganic salts are preferable, and sodium chloride, sodium malate, sodium citrate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium tartrate from the viewpoint of cost and versatility as raw materials for food and drink Sodium lactate, sodium ascorbate, sodium gluconate and the like are more preferable.
- “Naturally occurring good-quality, high-sweetness sweet substances” are compared with (1) Naturally high sweetness with one or more taste characteristics selected from low astringency, (2) low metal taste, (3) low sweetness aftertaste, and (4) low bitterness Means a sweet substance. Whether a certain sweet substance has the above-mentioned taste characteristic is known or can be determined based on sensory evaluation or the like.
- “Naturally occurring” does not mean that the high-sweetness sweet substance contained in the food or drink of the present invention is a natural product, but if the same substance exists in nature, the food or drink of the present invention
- the high-sweetness sweet substance contained in may be artificially produced (for example, by bioconversion) (non-natural product).
- Non-limiting examples of the sweet substance (c) include, for example, RebD, RebM, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, glycyrrhizin, thaumatin, monelin, mogroside, rubusoside, curculin, mabinlin, brazein, pentadine, phyllodurtin, hernandultin, miraculin, Stevia rebaudiana plant-containing sweet component, Siraitia grosvenorii plant-containing sweet component, Glycyrrhiza glabra plant-containing sweet component, Rubus suavissimus S. Lee plant-containing sweet component, Hydrangea macrophylla var.
- Thunbergii plant-containing sweet component Sclerolichitoni Ingredients, Thaumataococcus daniellii th Benth plant-containing sweet component, Dioscoreophyllum volkensii plant-containing sweet component, Curculigo latifolia plant-containing sweet component, Richardella dulcifica plant-containing sweet component, Pentadiplandra brazzeana plant-containing sweet component, Capparis masaikai plant-containing sweet component ia dulcis plant-containing sweet ingredients or derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof.
- the sweet substance (c) does not contain main components of stevia sweeteners such as RebA and stevioside.
- sweetener (c) comprises RebD, RebM, mogroside (eg, mogroside V) or combinations thereof. In another specific embodiment, sweetener (c) comprises RebD, RebM, mogroside (eg, mogroside V), thaumatin or a combination thereof.
- sweetener (c) comprises the following combinations: RebD and RebM, RebD and mogroside V, RebM and mogroside V, RebD and RebM and mogroside V, RebD and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, RebM and neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone, RebD and RebM and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, Mogroside V and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, RebD and RebM and mogroside V and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, RebD and brazein, RebM and brazein, Mogroside V and brazein, Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone Blazein, RebM and RebD and brazein, RebM and RebD and brazein and mogroside V, RebM and RebD and brazein and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, RebM and RebD, brazein, mogroside V and
- sweetener (c) comprises the following combination: RebD and thaumatin, RebM and thaumatin, mogroside V and thaumatin, RebD and RebM and thaumatin, RebD and mogroside V and thaumatin, RebM and mogroside V and thaumatin, RebD, RebM, mogroside V and thaumatin.
- the amount of component (c) contained in the food or drink of the present invention is not less than the sweetness threshold value.
- the sweetness threshold is a concept well known in the art and means the minimum concentration at which sweetness is felt.
- the sweetness threshold of the sweet substance is known or can be determined by sensory evaluation or the like.
- component (c) includes a combination of a plurality of sweet substances, the combined amount of all the sweet substances is equal to or greater than the sweetness threshold.
- Pc is, for example, about 20 to about 550, about 25 to about 550, about 30 to about 550, about 35 to about 550, about 40 to about 550, about 45 to about 550, about 50 to about 550, about 55 to about 550, about 20 to about 540, about 25 to about 540, about 30 to about 540, about 35 to about 540, about 40 to about 540, about 45 to About 540, about 50 to about 540, about 55 to about 540, about 20 to about 530, about 25 to about 530, about 30 to about 530, about 35 to about 530, about 40 to about 530, about 45 to about 530 About 50 to about 530, about 55 to about 530, about 20 to about 520, about 25 to about 520, about 30 to about 520, about 35 to about 520, about 40 to about 520, about 45 to about 520, about 50 to about 520, about 55 to about 530, about 20 to about 520, about 25 to about 520, about 30 to about 520, about 35 to
- Components (a) to (c) can be arbitrarily combined. As shown in the examples below, component (a) has a sweetness that is essentially close to sucrose, improving the sweetness of component (c), and component (b) is essentially this sucrose. Since sweetness can be enhanced and sweetness can be made closer to sucrose, by combining components (a) to (c), sucrose is not used or the amount used is reduced. It is possible to produce foods and drinks that exhibit a sweetness essentially similar to sucrose. For this reason, the design of a new low-calorie sweet food or drink like sucrose is possible.
- a high-intensity sweetener such as RebD or RebM that is particularly excellent in taste quality is used for component (c), and D-allulose or erythritol is used for component (a), which is low Improve sweetness with sodium concentration.
- a caloric sweetener such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol and the like can be blended as the component (a).
- a sweet substance or a food or drink having “essentially close to sucrose sweetness” means that the sweet substance or food or drink has a sweetness intensity equal to or higher than a threshold in the presence of a sweetness receptor T1R2 / T1R3 inhibitor. This means that the taste quality of sucrose is close to that of sucrose.
- the sweet substance or food or drink is subjected to a sensory evaluation on items related to sweetness intensity and taste of sucrose, It can be determined by comparing with the results. Examples of such items include, but are not limited to, for example, “fastness of sweetness”, “thickness of sweetness”, “subtraction of sweetness”, “artificial feeling”, “general feeling” used in Example 4 described later. For example, “satisfaction of sweetness”.
- sweet substances that exhibit this “essential sweetness similar to sucrose” produce a sweet response even if they inhibit the sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3.
- a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 is involved in the sweetness response, that is, there is a sweetness response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3, and the sweet substance is It is possible that a sweet taste response can occur. Therefore, it is considered that a sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 exhibits “sweetness close to sucrose”.
- component (a) and component (c) is not limited and includes, for example, component (a) containing one or more sweet substances selected from glucose, sucrose, fructose, erythritol and D-allulose, Examples thereof include a combination with a component (c) containing one or more sweet substances selected from RebD, RebM and mogroside V. More specific combinations of component (a) and component (c) include glucose as a1, sucrose as a2, fructose as a3, erythritol as a4, D-allulose as a5, RebD as c1, RebM as c2 and mogroside When V is c3, those listed in parentheses in the list below are listed. In the following list, for example, (a1, c1) indicates a combination of glucose and RebD.
- component (a) and component (c) include, but are not limited to, for example, component (a) comprising one or more sweet substances selected from sorbitol, D-xylose, xylitol and D-ribose , RebD, RebM and mogroside V, and combinations with component (c) containing one or more sweet substances selected. More specific combinations of component (a) and component (c) include sorbitol a6, D-xylose a7, xylitol a8, D-ribose a9, RebD c1, RebM c2 and mogroside V c3 In this case, the ones shown in parentheses in the list below are listed. In the following list, for example, (a6, c1) indicates a combination of sorbitol and RebD.
- component (a) and component (c) are not limited and is selected from, for example, glucose, sucrose, fructose, erythritol, D-allulose, sorbitol, D-xylose, xylitol and D-ribose And a combination of a component (a) containing one or more sweet substances and a component (c) containing one or more sweet substances selected from RebD, RebM and mogroside V.
- component (a) and component (c) include glucose as a1, sucrose as a2, fructose as a3, erythritol as a4, D-allulose as a5, sorbitol as a6, D-xylose as a7
- xylitol is a8
- D-ribose is a9
- RebD is c1
- RebM is c2
- mogroside V is c3, those shown in parentheses in the following list can be mentioned.
- (a1, a6, c1) indicates a combination of glucose, sorbitol and RebD.
- component (a) and component (c) include, but are not limited to, for example, one or more caloric sweet substances selected from glucose, sucrose, fructose and erythritol, D-allulose, xylitol and A combination of a component (a) containing one or more non-caloric sweet substances selected from D-tagatose and a component (c) containing one or more sweet substances selected from RebD, RebM and mogroside V Can be mentioned.
- component (a) and component (c) include glucose as a1, sucrose as a2, fructose as a3, erythritol as a4, D-allulose as a5, xylitol as a6, D-tagatose as a7
- RebD is c1
- RebM is c2
- mogroside V is c3, those shown in parentheses in the following list are listed.
- (a1, a4, c1) indicates a combination of glucose, erythritol and RebD.
- component (a) and component (c) include, but are not limited to, for example, one or more sweet substances selected from glucose, sucrose, fructose, erythritol, D-allulose and D-tagatose
- a combination of the component (a) and the component (c) containing one or more sweet substances selected from RebD, RebM, mogroside V and thaumatin is exemplified.
- component (a) and component (c) include glucose as a1, sucrose as a2, fructose as a3, erythritol as a4, D-allulose as a5, D-tagatose a6, RebD as c1,
- RebM is c2
- mogroside V is c3
- thaumatin is c4
- (a1, a6, c1) indicates a combination of glucose, D-tagatose and RebD.
- the following list does not include combinations containing only thaumatin as component (c).
- the mass ratio c: a of component (c) to component (a) in the food and drink of the present invention is, for example, from about 1: 100000 to about 1: 5, from about 1: 50000 to about 1: 5. , About 1: 25000 to about 1: 5, about 1: 10000 to about 1: 2, about 1: 9600 to about 1: 3, about 1: 9400 to about 1: 4, about 1: 9200 to about 1: 5 , About 1: 9000 to about 1: 6, about 1: 8800 to about 1: 7, about 1: 8600 to about 1: 8, about 1: 8400 to about 1: 9, about 1: 8200 to about 1:10 , About 1: 8000 to about 1:11, about 1: 7800 to about 1:12, about 1: 7600 to about 1:13, about 1: 7400 to about 1:14, about 1: 7200 to about 1:15 , About 1: 7000 to about 1:16, about 1: 6800 to about 1:17, about 1: 6600 to about 1:18, about 1: 6400 to about 1:19, about 1: 6200 to
- the mass ratio a: b (b is the mass of sodium) of component (a) to component (b) in the food and drink of the present invention is, for example, about 2: 1 to about 1750: 1, about 4 : 1 to about 1720: 1, about 6: 1 to about 1690: 1, about 8: 1 to about 1660: 1, about 10: 1 to about 1630: 1, about 12: 1 to about 1600: 1, about 14 : 1 to about 1570: 1, about 16: 1 to about 1540: 1, about 18: 1 to about 1510: 1, about 20: 1 to about 1480: 1, about 22: 1 to about 1450: 1, about 24 : 1 to about 1420: 1, about 26: 1 to about 1390: 1, about 28: 1 to about 1360: 1, about 30: 1 to about 1330: 1, about 32: 1 to about 1300: 1, about 34 : 1 to about 1270: 1, about 36: 1 to about 1240: 1, about 38: 1 to about 1210: 1, about 40: 1 to about 1180: 1, about 42: 1 to about 11
- the mass ratio c: b (b is the mass of sodium) of the component (c) and the component (b) in the food and drink of the present invention is, for example, about 1:25 to about 5: 1, : 24.5 to about 4.96: 1, about 1:24 to about 4.92: 1, about 1: 23.5 to about 4.88: 1, about 1:23 to about 4.84: 1, about 1: 22.5 to about 4.8: 1, about 1: 22.5 to about 4.8: 1, about 1: 22 to about 4.76: 1, about 1: 21.5 to about 4.72: 1, about 1:21 to about 4.68: 1, about 1: 20.5 to about 4.64: 1, about 1:20 to about 4.6: 1, about 1 : 19.5 to about 4.56: 1, about 1:19 to about 4.52: 1, about 1: 18.5 to about 4.48: 1, about 1:18 to about 4.44: 1, about 1: 17.5 to about 4.4: 1, about 1 : 17 to about 4.36: 1, about 1: 16.5 to about 4.32: 1, about 1:16 to about 4.28: 1, about 1: 15.5 to about 4.
- the combination of the mass ratio of component (c) to component (a) and the mass ratio of component (a) to component (b) (c1: a1 to c2: a2) , A1 ′: b1 ′ to a2 ′: b2 ′) are, for example, (1: 10000 to 1: 2, 2: 1 to 3000: 1), (1: 9600 to 1: 3, 4: 1 to 2900: 1), (1: 9400-1: 4, 6: 1-2800: 1), (1: 9200-1: 5, 8: 1-2700: 1), (1: 9000-1: 6, 10: 1 to 2600: 1), (1: 8800 to 1: 7, 12: 1 to 2500: 1), (1: 8600 to 1: 8, 14: 1 to 2450: 1), (1: 8400 to 1: 9, 16: 1 to 2400: 1), (1: 8200 to 1:10, 18: 1 to 2350: 1), (1: 8000 to 1:11, 20: 1 to 2300: 1), (1: 7800-1: 12, 22: 1-2
- the sweetness and taste quality of the food / beverage products of the present invention can be evaluated by panelists trained in sensuality. In that case, the below-mentioned Example can be referred for the concrete measurement conditions.
- standard foods and beverages e.g., sucrose water
- sucrose water that serve as a standard for sweetness are used for sweetness intensity 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, and so on. It is also possible to measure the sweetness of the food / beverage product of the present invention by adjusting the sugar concentration and comparing the sweetness of the food / beverage product of the present invention with the sweetness of the reference food / beverage product.
- the reference food or drink closest to the sweetness of the present invention is selected, and sucrose is added to the selected reference food and drinks. It is adjusted so as to exhibit the same sweetness as the food and drink of the present invention by adding, and at that time, the sweetness intensity of the food and drink of the present invention can be measured from the amount of sucrose contained in the adjusted standard food and drink it can.
- VAS method sweetness intensity evaluation
- LMS method Visual Analogue Scale and Labeled Magnitude Scale
- the evaluator sets the sweetness intensity as “not sweet at all” at the lower end, and “cannot think anything sweeter” at the upper end. Using a paper on which a vertical line representing the intensity is drawn, a sweetness intensity felt at that time is expressed by a position on the line.
- the sweetness intensity of the food or drink of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is acceptable as a food or drink.
- the sweetness level is 4.0 to 20, 4.0 to 15, 4.0 to 12.5, 4.0 to 10, 4.5. -20, 4.5-15, 4.5-12.5, 4.5-10, 5.0-20, 5.0-15, 5.0-12.5, 5.0-10, 5.5-20, 5.5-15, 5.5-12.5, 5.5-10, 6.0 -20, 6.0-15, 6.0-12.5, 6.0-10, 6.5-20, 6.5-15, 6.5-12.5, 6.5-10, 7.0-20, 7.0-15, 7.0-12.5, 7.0-10, 7.5 -20, 7.5-15, 7.5-12.5, 7.5-10, 7.5-9, 7.5-8, 8.0-20, 8.0-20, 8.0-15, 8.0-12.5, 8.0-10, 8.5-20, 8.5-15 , 8.5-12.5, 8.5-10, 9.0-20, 9.0-15, 9.0-12.5, 9.0-10, 9.5-20, 9.5-15, 9.5-12.5, 9.5-10,
- the sweetness intensity of the food and drink is X
- the sweetness intensity of the component (a) is Xa
- the sweetness intensity of the component (c) is Xc, for example, 0.1 ⁇ (Xa + Xc) ⁇ X ⁇ 20, 0.5 ⁇ (Xa + Xc ) ⁇ X ⁇ 19, 1 ⁇ (Xa + Xc) ⁇ X ⁇ 18, 1.5 ⁇ (Xa + Xc) ⁇ X ⁇ 18, 2 ⁇ (Xa + Xc) ⁇ X ⁇ 17, 2.5 ⁇ (Xa + Xc) ⁇ X ⁇ 16, 3 ⁇ (Xa + Xc ) ⁇ X ⁇ 15, 3.5 ⁇ (Xa + Xc) ⁇ X ⁇ 14, or 4 ⁇ (Xa + Xc) ⁇ X ⁇ 13.
- sweetening substances other than the above components (a) to (c) are not limited, but include aspartame, neotame, advantame, sucralose, acesulfame K, saccharin, sodium saccharin, sodium cyclamate, dultin, disodium glycyrrhizinate, glycyrrhizic acid Synthetic sweeteners such as trisodium, RebA, RebB, RebC, RebE, RebF, stevioside, rubusoside, steviolmonoside, steviolbioside, zulcoside A, stevia extract and the like.
- Another embodiment of the food or drink of the present invention does not contain a sweet substance other than the above components (a) to (c).
- the mass ratio of RebD and / or RebM and RebA is 60:40 or less (that is, when the total mass of RebD and / or RebM and RebA is 100%, the mass of RebA is 40% or less, RebD and / or The mass of RebM is 60% or more, the same applies hereinafter), 70:30 or less, 80:20 or less, 85:15 or less, 90:10 or less, 95: 5 or less, 97: 3 or less, 98: 2 or less, 99: 1 Hereinafter, it may be 99.5: 0.5 or less.
- the energy (total energy amount) of the food and drink of the present invention is 0 to 50 Kcal / 100 ml, 0 to 45 Kcal / 100 ml, 0 to 40 Kcal / 100 ml, 0 to 35 Kcal / 100 ml, 0 to 30 Kcal / 100 ml, 0 to 24 Kcal depending on the embodiment.
- the energy (total energy amount, TE) of the food and drink of the present invention is 0 ⁇ TE ⁇ 50 Kcal / 100 ml, 0 ⁇ TE ⁇ 45 Kcal / 100 ml, 0 depending on the embodiment (for example, the embodiment including a caloric sweetener), 0 ⁇ TE ⁇ 40Kcal / 100ml, 0 ⁇ TE ⁇ 35Kcal / 100ml, 0 ⁇ TE ⁇ 30Kcal / 100ml, 0 ⁇ TE ⁇ 24Kcal / 100ml, 0 ⁇ TE ⁇ 22Kcal / 100ml, 0 ⁇ TE ⁇ 20Kcal / 100ml, 0 ⁇ TE ⁇ 15 Kcal / 100 ml, 0 ⁇ TE ⁇ 10 Kcal / 100 ml, 0 ⁇ TE ⁇ 5 Kcal / 100 ml (ie, not completely zero).
- “food or drink” is a general term for solids, fluids, liquids, and mixtures thereof that can be orally consumed.
- Examples of the food and drink of the present invention include nutritional supplement food and drink, health food and drink, functional food and drink, infant food and drink, infant formula, premature infant formula, elderly food and drink, and the like.
- Nutritional supplement foods and drinks are foods and drinks that are enriched with specific nutritional ingredients.
- Healthy foods and drinks refer to foods and drinks that are said to be healthy or healthy, and include nutritional supplement foods and drinks, natural foods and drinks, diet foods and drinks, and the like.
- Functional food and drink refers to food and drink for replenishing nutritional components that fulfill the body's regulatory functions, and is synonymous with food for specified health use.
- Infant food and drink means food and drink for children up to about 6 years old.
- Aged foods and beverages refer to foods and beverages that have been processed so that they are easier to digest and absorb than untreated foods and beverages.
- Infant formula refers to formula for feeding to children up to about 1 year old.
- Premature infant formula refers to formula that is given to premature infants until they are about 6 months old.
- the form of the food and drink is not particularly limited, and can be various forms. Examples of such forms include beverages, confectionery, supplements and the like.
- the beverage may be either an alcoholic beverage or a non-alcoholic beverage.
- Non-alcoholic beverages such as non-alcoholic beer, malt beverages, lactic acid bacteria beverages, cocoa, sports drinks, nutrition drinks, tea beverages, coffee beverages, carbonated beverages, functional beverages, fruit / vegetable beverages, dairy beverages, soy milk Examples include, but are not limited to, beverages and flavored water.
- the non-alcohol beer in the present specification means a carbonated beverage having a beer-like flavor and is of a non-fermented non-alcohol type, which is substantially free of alcohol.
- the non-alcohol beer does not exclude a beverage containing an extremely small amount of alcohol that cannot be detected.
- composition of the present invention is a tea-based beverage
- it is preferably a black tea beverage or a sugar-free tea beverage.
- sugar-free tea beverages include green tea beverages, oolong tea beverages, barley tea beverages, brown rice tea beverages, pigeon tea beverages, and sugar-free tea beverages.
- the coffee beverage may be either packaged coffee or liquid coffee.
- the form of the carbonated drink is preferably a cola flavor drink, a transparent carbonated drink, ginger ale, a fruit juice carbonated drink, a milk-containing carbonated drink or a sugar-free carbonated drink.
- Functional beverages include sports drinks, energy drinks, health support drinks and pouch jelly drinks.
- Examples of the fruit / vegetable beverage include 100% fruit juice drink, fruit drink, low fruit juice soft drink, fruit-containing fruit drink or fruit drink.
- Milk beverages include milk, drink yogurt, lactic acid bacteria beverages or soft drinks with milk, and soy milk beverages include soy milk or soy beverages.
- Alcoholic beverages refer to beverages containing alcohol ingredients. Chuhai may be used. Examples of the alcohol raw material include brewed liquor, distilled liquor, and mixed liquor. Examples of the brewed liquor include wine and beer. Speaking of distilled liquor, for example, spirits (for example, gin, uotka, rum, tequila, news spirits, etc., and alcohol for raw materials), liqueurs, whiskeys (for example, whiskey, brandy, etc.), shochu and the like.
- the alcoholic beverage only needs to contain a detectable amount of alcohol. For example, the alcoholic beverage contains 1% by volume or more, 2% by volume or more, 3% by volume or more, 4% by volume or more, 5% by volume or more alcohol. .
- processed foods include processed foods of cereals, seafood and meats (bread, noodles, tortillas, pasta, ham, bacon, sausage, kamaboko, fried tempura, hampen, etc.).
- dairy products include butter, cheese, yogurt, gii and the like.
- confectionery include, but are not limited to, candy, jam, chewing gum, ice cream, snack confectionery, cookies, biscuits, cakes, wafers, confectionery bread, chocolate, Japanese confectionery, and the like.
- the food and drink of the present invention also includes fine granules, tablets, granules, powders, capsules (including soft capsules and hard capsules), chewables, syrups, mouthwashes, toothpastes, oral ointments, mouthwashes, throats
- a pharmaceutical or quasi-drug such as a spray, or a natural liquid food, semi-digested, in which the composition of the present invention is blended with proteins, sugars, fats, trace elements, vitamins, emulsifiers, fragrances, etc.
- It may be a processed form such as a state nutritional diet, a component nutritional diet, a drink, an enteral nutrient.
- the present invention provides a pharmaceutical product comprising components (a) to (c), wherein the amount of component (b) is 11.5 to 46 mg / 100 ml as sodium, and the amount of component (c) is not less than the sweetness threshold value.
- Oral products such as quasi-drugs, natural liquid foods, semi-digested nutritional foods, ingredient nutritional foods, drinks and enteral nutritional products are also provided.
- an oral substance is a general term for what is introduced into the mouth regardless of ingestion.
- the food / beverage products of this invention may be sterilized by container packing.
- This invention provides the following food / beverage products (henceforth "the food / beverage product B of this invention") as a 2nd aspect.
- the food and drink A of the present invention and “the food and drink B of the present invention” may be collectively referred to as “the food and drink of the present invention”.
- (b) a sodium source A food or drink in which the amount of the component (b) is 11.5 to 46 mg / 100 ml as sodium.
- the food / beverage product B of the present invention is the same as the food / beverage product A of the present invention, except that the component (c) in the food / beverage product A of the present invention is not essential. It is also applied to the food and drink B of the present invention on the condition that the component (c) is not essential. As shown in the examples below, component (a) has the essential sweetness of sucrose, and component (b) enhances the essential sweetness of this sucrose and makes the sweetness closer to sucrose. Therefore, by combining the components (a) to (b), foods and beverages that exhibit a sweetness that is essentially similar to sucrose without using sucrose or while reducing the amount used. Can be manufactured. For this reason, the design of a new low-calorie sweet food or drink like sucrose is possible. In some embodiments, the food / beverage product B of the present invention may contain the component (c) in the food / beverage product A of the present invention.
- composition A of the present invention provides, as a third aspect, the following sweetener composition (hereinafter referred to as "composition A of the present invention”).
- composition A a sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3;
- B a sodium source, and
- c a naturally occurring good-quality high-intensity sweetener,
- composition A of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be in the form of powder, mixed powder, crystal, granule, liquid, concentrated liquid, mixed liquid, paste, tablet, and the like.
- the composition A of the present invention can be used as a raw material for the food and drink A of the present invention.
- the food / beverage product A of this invention can be manufactured by mix
- Composition A of the present invention can be mixed with “other ingredients” in any volume ratio, and the resulting food or drink contains 11.5 to 46 mg / 100 ml of sodium.
- the composition A of the present invention is the only sweetening ingredient in the food and drink A of the present invention. Therefore, in this embodiment, the “other raw material” does not include a component that contributes to sweetness.
- the present invention provides the following sweetener composition (hereinafter referred to as “the composition B of the present invention”).
- the composition A of the present invention and “the composition B of the present invention” may be collectively referred to as “the composition of the present invention”.
- composition B of the present invention is the same as the composition A of the present invention except that the component (c) in the composition A of the present invention is not essential. This also applies to the composition B of the present invention, provided that the component (c) is not essential. In some embodiments, composition B of the present invention may comprise component (c) in composition A of the present invention.
- composition of the present invention may be for imparting sucrose-like sweetness to oral products such as food and drink.
- the present invention also provides use of the composition of the present invention (composition A or B of the present invention) for imparting sucrose-like sweetness to oral products such as foods and drinks.
- this invention provides the following manufacturing methods of food-drinks (henceforth "the manufacturing method A of this invention") as a further aspect.
- (I) (a) a sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3, and (c) a naturally occurring high-quality sweetness in an amount greater than the sweetness threshold. Adding a substance; (Ii) (b) adding a sodium source to obtain a sodium concentration of 11.5 to 46 mg / 100 ml; A method for producing a food or drink having a sweetness close to that of sucrose.
- the food / beverage product manufactured by the manufacturing method A of the present invention is the food / beverage product A of the present invention described in the above item “1.
- the “raw material” in the production method of the present invention may be each material necessary for the production of food and drink or a mixture thereof, and further contains additional components such as preservatives, fragrances, carriers and fruit juices. Also good.
- the “raw material” may be composed of a plurality.
- the food or drink produced by the production method A of the present invention does not contain any component that contributes to sweetness other than the components (a) to (c).
- any of the following steps (i) and (ii) may be performed first or simultaneously.
- (I) (a) a sweetening substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3, and (c) a naturally occurring good-quality, high-sweetness sweetening substance in an amount equal to or greater than the sweetness threshold (Ii)
- step (i) (a) a sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3, and (c) a naturally occurring good-quality, high-sweetness sweet substance in an amount equal to or greater than the sweetness threshold.
- the high-sweetness sweetener may be added separately.
- Sodium sources added to the raw material in step (ii) include, for example, sodium chloride, sodium malate, sodium sulfate, sodium citrate, sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium disulfide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium alginate, It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium alginate, sodium glucoheptanoate, sodium gluconate, sodium glutamate, sodium tartrate, sodium aspartate, sodium lactate, sodium caseinate, sodium ascorbate and mixtures thereof. .
- “addition” means not only an operation of actually adding any of the components (a), (b) and (c) to the raw material, but also finally through the production process of the food and drink of the present invention.
- the operation which prepares so that component (a), (b) and (c) may exist in the food-drinks manufactured is also meant.
- the first raw material includes fruit juice, cereals, beans and extracts thereof, and for this purpose, the raw material includes any one or more of the components (a), (b) and (c) in advance
- the second raw material to be mixed with the raw material the components (a), (b) and (c) are included, and the food and drink of the present invention can be produced by mixing the first and second raw materials.
- the finally produced food or drink of the present invention is (a) sweet Sweet substances that cause a response via a taste-related molecule other than the receptor T1R2 / T1R3, (b) 11.5-46 mg / 100 ml sodium, and (c) a naturally occurring good quality high sweetness in an amount above the sweetness threshold Steps (i) and (ii) are considered to have been performed as long as they contain a sweetened substance.
- the present invention provides the following method for producing a food or drink (hereinafter referred to as “production method B of the present invention”).
- “Production method A of the present invention” and “Production method B of the present invention” are sometimes collectively referred to as “production method of the present invention”.
- Adding i) (a) a sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 to the raw material; (Ii) (b) adding a sodium source to obtain a sodium concentration of 11.5 to 46 mg / 100 ml; A method for producing a food or drink having a sweetness close to that of sucrose.
- the production method B of the present invention is the same as the production method A of the present invention except that the addition of the component (c) in the production method A of the present invention is not essential, and the matters described above for the production method A of the present invention. Is also applied to the production method B of the present invention on the condition that the addition of the component (c) is not essential.
- the production method B of the present invention may include addition of the component (c) in the production method A of the present invention.
- the present invention provides, as a further aspect, the following screening method (hereinafter referred to as “the screening method of the present invention”).
- a method for screening a sweet substance comprising evaluating a taste response by a candidate substance in the presence of an inhibitor of a sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 or an inhibitor of a taste related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 ,Method.
- the food and drink A of the present invention for “sweet substances”, “inhibitors of sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3”, and “inhibitors of taste-related molecules other than sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3”, the food and drink A of the present invention As described above. Evaluation of the taste response (preferably sweetness response) in the screening method of the present invention can be performed by various known techniques. Examples of such methods include, but are not limited to, sensory evaluation using a sensory panel, taste nerve response or behavior test using animals (eg, mice), in vitro using isolated taste cells, taste-related molecule-expressing cells, and the like. Assays (see, for example, Yoshida et al, Diabetes. 2015; 64 (11): 3751-62; Bissonnette et al, J Physiol. 1999 15; 520 Pt 2: 359-71).
- a sweet substance causing a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 (a sweet substance having an essentially sweet taste similar to sucrose), and a sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 Sweet substances that act substantially specifically can be screened.
- a sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 has a sweetness intensity (residual sweetness intensity) in the presence of an inhibitor of the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 above a predetermined level
- the sweetness intensity (residual sweetness intensity) in the presence of an inhibitor of a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 can be selected as being less than a predetermined level.
- a sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 is a taste quality in the presence of an inhibitor of the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 (residual taste quality) and / or sweetness.
- a taste quality in the presence of an inhibitor of the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 (residual taste quality) and / or sweetness.
- Select the taste (residual taste) in the presence of inhibitors of taste-related molecules other than receptors T1R2 / T1R3 as close to the taste of sucrose (residual taste) under similar conditions Can do.
- the sweet substance that acts specifically specifically on the sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3 has a sweetness intensity (residual sweetness intensity) in the presence of an inhibitor of the sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3 below a predetermined level
- the sweetness intensity (residual sweetness intensity) in the presence of an inhibitor of a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 can be selected as being a predetermined level or higher.
- the sweet substance that acts substantially specifically on the sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3 is a taste (residual taste) in the presence of an inhibitor of the sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3 and / or a sweet receptor Taste (residual taste) in the presence of inhibitors of taste-related molecules other than T1R2 / T1R3 can be selected as far from sucrose taste (residual taste) under similar conditions .
- the “sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3” selected by the screening method of the present invention is used, for example, as a component (a) of the food or drink or composition of the present invention. Can do.
- the “sweet substance that acts substantially specifically on the sweetness receptor T1R2 / T1R3” selected by the screening method of the present invention includes, for example, the component (a) and the food / beverage product B or the composition B of the present invention. It can be used in combination with (b).
- the screening method of the present invention may comprise the following steps.
- Screening method A (i) a step of functionally measuring the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweetener in the absence of an inhibitor of the sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3; (ii) sensorially measuring the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweetener in the presence of an inhibitor of sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3, and (iii)
- the sweetness intensity obtained in step (i) is compared with the sweetness intensity obtained in step (ii), and the sweetness intensity obtained in step (ii) is compared with the sweetness intensity obtained in step (i).
- the candidate sweet substance is selected as a sweet substance having a sweetness essentially similar to sucrose when it is above a predetermined level for strength, and / or the candidate sweet substance is sweetened when it is below a predetermined level Selecting as a sweet substance substantially specific for receptor T1R2 / T1R3.
- the predetermined level is not limited, for example, in the absence of an inhibitor of sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3, the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweet substance is equivalent to sucrose Brix 12, and 100 ppm lactisol as a sweet receptor inhibitor. If used, it may be 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15% or 16%, etc. Further, either step (i) or step (ii) may be performed first or both may be performed simultaneously.
- (2) Screening method B (i) a step of functionally measuring the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweet substance and sucrose in the absence of an inhibitor of the sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3; (ii) sensorially measuring the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweetener and sucrose in the presence of an inhibitor of sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3; and (iii) (a) the ratio of the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweet substance obtained in step (ii) to the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweet substance obtained in step (i), and (b) obtained in step (i) Compared with the ratio of sweetness intensity of sucrose obtained in step (ii) to the sweetness intensity of sucrose, and when the ratio (a) based on the ratio (b) is a predetermined level or more,
- the candidate sweetener is selected as a sweetener having a sweetness essentially similar to sucrose and / or is substantially specific for the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 when less than a predetermined level Selecting as a sweet substance.
- the predetermined level is not limited, for example, the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweet substance in the absence of an inhibitor of sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3 is equivalent to sucrose Brix12, and lactisol 100 ppm or as a sweet receptor inhibitor When 200 ppm is used, it may be 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58% or 59%. Further, either step (i) or step (ii) may be performed first or both may be performed simultaneously. Step (i) can be omitted, for example, when the sweetness intensity of sucrose is known in the absence of an inhibitor of the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3. In this case, the screening method B includes the following steps.
- step (i) functionally measuring the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweetener and sucrose in the presence of an inhibitor of the sweet receptor T1R2 / T1R3; and (ii) When the ratio of the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweetness substance to the sweetness intensity of sucrose obtained in step (i) is not less than a predetermined level, the sweetness having a sweetness essentially similar to sucrose as the candidate sweetness substance Selecting the candidate sweet substance as a sweet substance substantially specific for the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3, if selected as a substance and / or less than a predetermined level.
- step (i) a step of functionally measuring the sweetness intensity of a candidate sweetener in the absence of an inhibitor of a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3; (ii) sensorially measuring the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweetener in the presence of an inhibitor of a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3, and (iii)
- the sweetness intensity obtained in step (i) is compared with the sweetness intensity obtained in step (ii), and the sweetness intensity obtained in step (ii) is compared with the sweetness intensity obtained in step (i).
- the candidate sweetener is selected as a sweetener that provides sucrose-like sweetness when it is below a predetermined level relative to strength, and / or the candidate sweetener is selected as a sweetness receptor when above a predetermined level
- the process of selecting as a sweet substance substantially specific to T1R2 / T1R3.
- the predetermined level is not limited, for example, the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweet substance in the absence of an inhibitor of a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 is equivalent to sucrose Brix12, and the sweet taste receptor T1R2
- a test solution containing phloridin 500 ⁇ M as an inhibitor of taste-related molecules other than / T1R3 for example, 94%, 93.5%, 93%, 92.5%, 92%, 91.5%, 91%, 90.5% or 90% Etc.
- Either step (i) or step (ii) may be performed first or both may be performed simultaneously.
- Screening method D (i) a step of functionally measuring the sweetness intensity of a candidate sweet substance and sucrose in the absence of an inhibitor of a taste-related molecule other than a sweet taste receptor; (ii) functionally measuring the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweetener and sucrose in the presence of an inhibitor of a taste-related molecule other than a sweet taste receptor, and (iii) (a) the ratio of the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweet substance obtained in step (ii) to the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweet substance obtained in step (i), and (b) obtained in step (i) When comparing the ratio of sweetness intensity of sucrose obtained in step (ii) to the sweetness intensity of sucrose and the ratio (a) based on the ratio (b) is less than a predetermined level,
- the candidate sweetener is selected as a sweetener that provides sucrose-like sweetness and / or, if above a predetermined level, the candidate sweetener is selected as a sweetener substantially specific for the sweetness receptor T1R2 / T1R3
- step (i) or step (ii) may be performed first or both may be performed simultaneously.
- step (i) can be omitted, for example, when the sweetness intensity of sucrose is known in the absence of an inhibitor of taste-related molecules other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3.
- the screening method D includes the following steps.
- step (i) functionally measuring the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweetener and sucrose in the presence of an inhibitor of a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3, and (ii) When the ratio of the sweetness intensity of the candidate sweet substance to the sweetness intensity of sucrose obtained in step (i) is less than a predetermined level, the candidate sweet substance is used as a sweet substance that provides sucrose-like sweetness. Selecting and / or selecting the candidate sweet substance as a sweet substance substantially specific for the sweet taste receptor T1R2 / T1R3 if it is above a predetermined level.
- the phrase “at least” means that the number of specific items may be greater than or equal to the number listed.
- the word “about” is present within the range of ⁇ 25%, ⁇ 10%, ⁇ 5%, ⁇ 3%, ⁇ 2%, or ⁇ 1% of the numerical value that the subject follows “about”. It means to do. For example, “about 10” means a range of 7.5 to 12.5.
- Example 1 Evaluation of sucrose and sucralose in the presence of sweet receptor (T1R2 / T1R3) inhibitors
- Experimental methods (5 persons) who were trained in sensory sensuality were evaluated as panelists.
- Beverage samples (sample solutions 1 to 4) were prepared by dissolving sucrose, sucralose, and lactisol in pure water at the ratios shown in Table 2 below.
- Each sample solution was designed such that the sweetness intensity of sucralose was 600 times that of sucrose and the sweetness intensity was comparable.
- the solutions having the same composition as the sample solutions 1 and 2 except that lactisol was not added were used as control solutions 1 and 2, respectively.
- the sensory evaluation was carried out by a spout test.
- the sweetness intensity was scored on the VAS scale, and the intensity of the solution not added with lactisol was taken as 100%, and the sweetness intensity of the solution added with lactisol was calculated as a relative value (%). These verified the sweetness-inhibiting effect of lactisol.
- the energy (kcal / 100 ml) was calculated using sucrose as 4 kcal / g and sucralose as 0 kcal / g.
- T1R2 / T1R3 is said to be the only sweet taste receptor that feels sweet on the human tongue, and the sweetness intensity of sucralose almost disappears at a sweetness level well above the threshold at which humans feel sweeteners (about 12 Brix). It is surprising that sucrose remained sweet at a high rate even at the lactisole concentration (100 ppm). We believe that sucrose responds via taste-related molecules other than T1R2 / T1R3 rather than simply due to differences in interaction with T1R2 / T1R3 receptors, sweeteners, and inhibitors. We thought that this sweetness that may have occurred and remained at the time of addition of lactisol was the essential sweetness of sucrose.
- Example 2 Evaluation of various sweet substances in the presence of sweet receptor (T1R2 / T1R3) inhibitors Experimental Method Sample solution 1 used in Example 1 (sucrose 12 w / v%, 100 ppm lactisol pure water solution. Brix approx. 12 (48 kcal / 100 ml) derived from sucrose) and various sweet substance solutions (various sweet substances) And a sample solution which is 100 ppm lactisol pure water solution). The various sweet substances were blended in terms of the known sweetness of the various sweet substances so as to be equivalent to the sweetness of sucrose 12 w / v% (corresponding to Brix of about 12).
- the sensory evaluation was carried out in the spout test in the same manner as in Example 1, with panelists (4 to 8 persons) trained in sensory skills.
- the sweetness intensity of each sample solution was scored on the VAS scale, and the sweetness intensity of each solution as a relative value (%) when the sweetness intensity of sample solution 1 (sucrose 12 w / v% + lactisol 100 ppm) was taken as 100% Calculated.
- Example solution 1 the sweetness intensity of the sucrose solution (sample solution 1) remaining in the presence of lactisol is 100%.
- the relative value of sweetness intensity was as low as less than 50% (40% or less).
- glucose and fructose were considered to be sweet substances having a sucrose-like intrinsic sweetness because the relative value of sweetness intensity was 50% or more.
- the relative value of the sweetness intensity of erythritol and D-allulose, which are non-caloric sweeteners, is 50% or more, and it turns out to be a sweet substance having an essential sweetness similar to sucrose. did.
- the present inventors have found that the human being can calories such as glucose and fructose at a sweetness level sufficiently higher than the threshold at which humans feel sweeteners (about 12 Brix), even in the presence of a predetermined concentration of lactisol.
- sweeteners about 12 Brix
- non-caloric sweeteners such as natural sweeteners and D-allulose and erythritol was felt.
- Sweeteners with high sweetness in the presence of inhibitors of sweet receptors (here, glucose, fructose as caloric sweeteners, erythritol, D-allulose as non-caloric sweeteners) It is a sweetener with an essential sweetness like sucrose that is thought to cause a response via taste-related molecules other than the body (T1R2 / T1R3). In order to make a low calorie design, it was considered useful to combine the non-caloric sweetener having the essential sweetness of sucrose found in this study.
- Example 3 Verification of the effect of sodium gluconate on sweetness Experimental Method Erythritol, RebD, and sodium gluconate were dissolved in pure water at the ratios shown in Table 3 below to prepare a control solution (3-0) and sample solutions (3-1 to 3-9).
- a sweetness increasing effect is seen with respect to a solution containing no sodium.
- saltiness is felt when containing 92 mg / 100 ml or more of sodium. From the above, it has become clear that it is preferable as a beverage to contain a sweet substance having an essential sweetness like sucrose, a high-intensity sweetener, and sodium of 11.5 mg / 100 ml to 46 mg / 100 ml. It was.
- the beverage has a sweetness intensity exceeding 8 as a beverage, although only a non-calorie sweetener with a sweetness intensity of 1.6 and a high-intensity sweetener with a sweetness intensity of 6.4 are included. It turns out that it can be granted.
- Sample solutions A to E were prepared by dissolving erythritol, RebD (purity 95% or more), sucralose, and sodium gluconate in pure water at the ratios shown in Table 5 below.
- 8% sucrose solution as a control solution, the sweetness of these sample solutions was changed to “the speed of sweetness”, “thickness of sweetness”, “subtraction of sweetness”, “artificial feeling”, “total sweetness”.
- Evaluation was based on the evaluation item “Satisfaction of Satisfaction”. For each evaluation item, 0 points were assigned when there was no difference from the control solution, and points were assigned from -3 points to 3 points.
- the sweetness is faster than the control, the sweetness is thicker, the sweetness is shorter, the artificial feeling is not felt, and the satisfaction is very satisfactory, give a score close to 3 points. If the sweetness is slow, the sweetness is not thick, the sweetness is long, the artificial feeling is not satisfactory, the score is close to -3. In other words, the closer to 0, the closer to the control.
- the evaluation was conducted by panelists (7 persons) trained in sensuality. In addition, the amount of the sweet substance contained in each sample solution is set so as to be equivalent to the control solution (about Brix 8).
- Table 6 shows the number of evaluation items for each solution shown in FIGS. 3-1 to 3-2, the average value thereof, and the area ratio of the radar chart. The area ratio indicates a numerical value when the control solution is 100. From the results of sample solutions A and B, by adding sodium, all the evaluation items approach the taste of sucrose, and from the results of sample solutions C and D, a sweet substance having an essential sweetness like sucrose (Erythritol) added with sodium was shown to have a taste closer to sucrose than sweetener (RebD) added with sodium.
- Erythritol essential sweetness like sucrose
- RebD sweetener
- Example 5 Sensory evaluation of taste quality when sodium is added in the form of a container-packed beverage Experimental Method Concentrated cassis juice (6-fold concentrated), citric acid, ascorbic acid, sucrose, erythritol, RebD (purity 95% or more), sodium gluconate in pure water at the ratios shown in Table 7 below, A container (glass bottle) was filled and sterilized by holding at 85 ° C. for 10 minutes to prepare a control solution and beverage samples A and B as container-packed beverages. The sweetness quality of these beverage samples was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4. In addition, the amount of the sweet substance contained in each sample solution is set to be equivalent to the control solution (about Brix 9.6) in calculation.
- Example 6 Evaluation of sweetness increasing effect by sodium using animal model Experimental Method The sweetness-increasing effect of sodium was evaluated by the taste (chordoneal) nerve response test in mice. The test was carried out following the method described in Kawai K, et al., PNAS. 2000: 97 (20): 11044-9 after urethane anesthesia was performed on C57BL / 6J mice aged 8 to 16 weeks. As sweet substances to be added to the sample solution, from the results of Example 2, erythritol and D-allulose, which are considered to cause a response via a taste-related molecule other than T1R2 / T1R3, and sucralose and RebD as high-intensity sweet substances. It was used.
- the sample solution was prepared by dissolving each sweet substance in pure water.
- the concentration of each sweet substance in the sample solution was set to be equivalent to the sweetness level of 7 w / v sucrose (corresponding to Brix of about 7) (specifically, 130 ppm sucralose, 10.8% sorbitol, 10% erythritol) , RebD (purity 95% or more) 250.9ppm, D-allulose 10%).
- the sample solution which added sodium gluconate (GluNa) 7.5mM (17.5mg / 100ml as sodium amount) to each said sample solution was also prepared.
- the analysis method of the sweetness increasing effect was performed following the analysis method described in Yamamoto T, et al., Chem Senses. 2009: 34 (9): 809-18. Specifically, the sum of the response value of the solution containing only the sweet substance and the response value of the solution containing only sodium gluconate (calculated value) is compared with the response value (actually measured value) of the mixed solution. When the response value showed a high value (that is, actual measurement value / calculated value ⁇ 100 (%)> 100 (%)), it was determined that an increase in response was observed.
- the series of animal experiments was conducted based on a plan approved by the head of the institution after reviewing the Animal Animal Care Committee, in compliance with the Act on Animal Protection and other related laws.
- sorbitol is “a calorie sweet substance that causes a response via a taste-related molecule other than T1R2 / T1R3”
- erythritol and D-allulose are “responses via a taste-related molecule other than T1R2 / T1R3” It has been found that the sweetness provided by these sweeteners is increased by the presence of low concentrations of sodium.
- Example 7 Evaluation of sweetness-enhancing effect of various sweet substances with sodium Experimental method D-allulose as a sweet substance that causes both T1R2 / T1R3-mediated responses and responses via taste-related molecules other than T1R2 / T1R3, and RebD as a sweet substance that causes responses via T1R2 / T1R3 Sample solutions (7-1 to 7-9) were prepared at the ratios shown in Table 8. The sweetness intensity was adjusted to sucrose Brix equivalent to 8%.
- the solution to which sodium gluconate was not added was used as a control, and the sweetness intensity with each sample solution was compared by sensory function. At the same time, the salty strength of each sample solution was evaluated.
- the evaluation criteria were as follows. ⁇ Sweet increase effect> ⁇ (2 points): Available ⁇ (0 points): None ⁇ Saltiness> ⁇ (3 points): I do not feel the taste ⁇ (2 points): I can taste it but cannot distinguish it from salty ⁇ (1 point): I feel salty ⁇ (0 point): I feel a strong salty ⁇ Comprehensive evaluation> ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ were 0 point, 1 point, 2 points, and 3 points, respectively, and the scores for sweetness increasing effect and salty strength were added together to give a comprehensive evaluation score. In accordance with the above evaluation criteria, evaluation was conducted by panelists (5 to 8) who were trained in sensuality. In the comprehensive evaluation, if the score was 4 or more, it was determined that the effects of the present invention were obtained.
- Results The results are summarized in Table 8 below. As described above, the same results as in Example 3 were obtained in the sample solution containing D-allulose and RebD.
- Example 8 Sensory evaluation of taste when sodium is added Experimental Method Sample solutions A to H were prepared by dissolving D-allulose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, RebM (purity 94%) and sodium gluconate in pure water at the ratios shown in Table 9 below. Using the 8% sucrose solution as a control solution, the sweetness of these sample solutions was changed to “the speed of sweetness”, “thickness of sweetness”, “subtraction of sweetness”, “artificial feeling”, “total sweetness”. Evaluation was based on the evaluation item “Satisfaction of Satisfaction”. For each evaluation item, 0 points were assigned when there was no difference from the control solution, and points were assigned from -3 points to 3 points.
- the sweetness is faster than the control, the sweetness is thicker, the sweetness is shorter, the artificial feeling is not felt, and the satisfaction is very satisfactory, give a score close to 3 points. If the sweetness is slow, the sweetness is not thick, the sweetness is long, the artificial feeling is not satisfactory, the score is close to -3. In other words, the closer to 0, the closer to the control.
- the evaluation was conducted by panelists (4 persons) trained in sensuality. In addition, the amount of the sweet substance contained in each sample solution was set to be equivalent to the control solution (about Brix 8) in calculation.
- Table 10 shows the score of the evaluation items of each solution shown in FIGS. 6-1 to 6-4, the average value thereof, and the area ratio of the radar chart.
- the area ratio indicates a numerical value when the control solution is 100.
- the sweetness intensity of the control solution was taken as 100%, and the sweetness intensity of each sample solution was calculated as a relative value (%). These verified the sweetness-inhibiting effect of phlorizin.
- the bitterness intensity of each sample solution was also evaluated. When feeling the bitterness derived from a phlorizin, it was set as x, and the case where it did not feel was made into ⁇ .
- the energy in Table 11 was calculated by setting the energy conversion coefficient of sucrose to 4 (kcal / 100 ml).
- the sweetness-inhibiting effect of 10% or more was observed by adding 500 ⁇ M or more of phlorizin.
- phlorizin-derived bitterness was detected with 1000 ⁇ M phlorizin. From the above, it was shown that if phlorizin of about 500 ⁇ M, a sweetness suppressing effect can be obtained without imparting bitterness.
- Example 10 Evaluation of various sweet substances in the presence of phlorizin Experimental method
- Sample solution 9-4 sucrose 12 w / v%, sodium gluconate 7.5 mM, phlorizin 500 ⁇ M mixed solution, Brix 12, 48 kcal / 100 ml
- various sweet substances were converted from the known sweetness of various sweet substances so as to be equivalent to the sweetness of sucrose of 12 w / v% (corresponding to Brix of about 12).
- glucose 18.46 w / v%, erythritol 17.14 w / v%, D-allulose 17.14 w / v%, RebM (purity 94%) 456.07 ppm, and sucralose 200 ppm were used.
- Each component was dissolved in pure water to prepare a sample solution.
- Each sweetness intensity was scored on a VAS scale, and the relative value (%) was calculated with the sweetness intensity of the control solution not containing phlorizin as 100%.
- Example 11 Evaluation of sweetness increase effect by sodium in animal model (1) Verification of optimum concentration of sodium gluconate for erythritol Experimental method As sample solution, in addition to the sample solution performed in Example 3, erythritol 2.29 w / v%, RebD 284.2 ppm, and various concentrations of Na gluconate (2.61 mM, 3.48 mM, 4.35 mM, 5.65 mM, 6.09mM, 6.52mM, 7.87mM, each containing Na, 6, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18mg / 100ml), as a control solution a mixture of erythritol 2.29w / v%, RebD 284.2ppm In the same manner as in Example 6, the taste (chorda tympani) nerve response of the mouse was measured, and the sweetness increasing effect was analyzed.
- Example 12 Evaluation of various sweet substances in the presence of sweet receptor (T1R2 / T1R3) inhibitors Experimental method Sucrose 12w / v%, lactisol 200ppm pure water solution (sucrose-derived Brix approx. 12, 48kcal / 100ml) and various sweet substance solutions (various sweet substances and lactisol 200ppm pure water solution) A sample solution was prepared. The various sweet substances were blended in terms of the known sweetness of the various sweet substances so as to be equivalent to the sweetness of sucrose 12 w / v% (corresponding to Brix of about 12).
- sucralose 200 ppm, sorbitol 16.5 w / v%, D-xylose 17.91 w / v%, xylitol 13 w / v%, D-ribose 17 w / v%, and lactisol 200 ppm were dissolved in pure water.
- a sample solution was prepared.
- the sensory evaluation was conducted in the spout test in the same manner as in Example 1 by panelists (5 to 6 persons) trained in sensory skills.
- the sweetness intensity of each sample solution is scored on the VAS scale, and the sweetness intensity of each solution is calculated as a relative value (%) when the sweetness intensity of the sample solution (sucrose 12 w / v% + lactisol 200 ppm) is 100%.
- Sucrose-like substances that taste close to sucrose at 50% or more, and substances that taste far from sucrose at less than 50%.
- Example 14 Method for evaluating sweet substances in the presence of lactisol and phlorizin Sample solutions were prepared by dissolving sucrose, lactisol and phlorizin in pure water at the ratios shown in Table 12 below. The sensory evaluation was carried out in the spout test in the same manner as in Example 1 by panelists consisting of 3 persons trained in sensory skills. The sweetness intensity of each sample was scored on the VAS scale, and the sweetness intensity of each solution was calculated as a relative value (%) when the sweetness intensity of the sucrose 12 w / v% solution was taken as 100%.
- Example 15 Evaluation of sweet substances with different concentrations of sweet receptor (T1R2 / T1R3) inhibitors Experimental Method A sample solution was prepared by dissolving sucrose, sucralose or sorbitol and lactisol in pure water at the ratio shown in Table 13 below. The sensory evaluation was carried out in the spout test in the same manner as in Example 1 by panelists who were trained in sensory skills (3 to 4 people). The sweetness intensity of each sample solution was scored on the VAS scale.
- the sweetness intensity of solution 14-1 (sucrose 12 w / v% + lactisol 100 ppm) was 100%
- the relative intensity (%) of the sweetness intensity is 100% for the solutions 14-4 and 14-6 using 200 ppm lactisol and the solution 14-2 (sucrose 12 w / v% + lactisol 200 ppm).
- the relative intensity (%) of the sweetness intensity was calculated.
- Example 16 Evaluation of tagatose by sweet receptor (T1R2 / T1R3) inhibitor Experimental Method A sample solution was prepared by dissolving sucrose or D-tagatose and lactisol in pure water at the ratio shown in Table 14 below. D-tagatose was blended in terms of the known sweetness so as to be equivalent to the sweetness of sucrose 12 w / v% (corresponding to Brix of about 12). The sensory evaluation was conducted in the spout test in the same manner as in Example 1 by the panelists of 4 persons trained in sensuality.
- the sweetness intensity of each sample solution was scored on the VAS scale, and the relative intensity (%) of the sweetness intensity of each solution when the sweetness intensity of solution 15-1 (sucrose 12 w / v% + lactisol 100 ppm) was taken as 100% Calculated as Sucrose-like substances that taste close to sucrose at 50% or more, and substances that taste far from sucrose at less than 50%.
- Example 17 Sensory evaluation of taste when sodium is added Experimental Method Combinations of various sweet substances were dissolved in pure water at the ratios shown in Table 15 below to prepare sample solutions 15-1 to 15-8. Using the 8% sucrose solution as a control solution, the sweetness of these sample solutions was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4. The evaluation was conducted by panelists (3 to 7 people) trained in sensuality. In addition, the amount of the sweet substance contained in each sample solution was set to be equivalent to the control solution (about Brix 8) in calculation.
- Table 16 shows the score of the evaluation items of each solution shown in FIGS. 15-1 to 15-4, the average value thereof, and the area ratio of the radar chart. The area ratio indicates a numerical value when the control solution is 100. From the above results, it was shown that by adding sodium, any sweet substance combination approaches the taste of sucrose.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、飲食品を低カロリーにするためには糖濃度を低く抑える必要がある。
しかし、ヒトにおいて、甘味受容体(T1R2/T1R3ヘテロ二量体)以外の経路で、ヒトが甘味料の甘味を感じる/知覚するか否か、またその経路に非カロリー性甘味料が作用するか否かについては、未だ明らかにされていない。
[1] (a)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質、
(b)ナトリウム源、および
(c)天然に存在する良味質の高甘味度甘味物質
を含み、
前記成分(b)の量がナトリウムとして11.5~46mg/100mlであり、前記成分(c)の量が甘味閾値以上である飲食品。
[2] 甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子が、GLUT、SGLTおよびKir6.1/SUR1複合体から選択される、[1]に記載の飲食品。
[3] 成分(a)が非カロリー性甘味料である、[1]または[2]に記載の飲食品。
[4] 非カロリー性甘味料が、非カロリー性の、ヘキソース、ペントース、テトロース、末端糖がアルドースまたはケトースである多糖、糖アルコール、およびその組み合わせから選択される、[3]に記載の飲食品。
[5] 非カロリー性甘味料が、エリスリトール、D-アルロース、およびその組合せから選択される、[4]に記載の飲食品。
[5-1] 非カロリー性甘味料が、エリスリトール、D-アルロース、ソルビトール、D-キシロース、キシリトール、D-リボース、D-タガトースおよびその組合せから選択される、[4]に記載の飲食品。
[6] 成分(a)がカロリー性甘味料である、[1]または[2]に記載の飲食品。
[7] カロリー性甘味料が、ショ糖、ブドウ糖、果糖およびその組合せから選択される、[6]に記載の飲食品。
[9] 総エネルギー量が0~5Kcal/100mlである、[1]~[5]および[8]のいずれか一項に記載の飲食品。
[10] 総エネルギー量TEが0<TE≦24Kcal/100mlである、[1]、[6]~[8]のいずれか一項に記載の飲食品。
[11] 成分(c)と成分(a)の量比が、1:100000~1:5である、[1]~[10]のいずれか一項に記載の飲食品。
[13] 成分(a)が、ブドウ糖、ショ糖、果糖、エリスリトールおよびD-アルロースから選択される1以上の甘味物質を含み、成分(c)がレバウジオシドD、レバウジオシドMおよびモグロシドVから選択される1以上の甘味物質を含む、[1]~[12]のいずれか一項に記載の飲食品。
[13-1] 成分(a)が、ブドウ糖、ショ糖、果糖、エリスリトール、D-アルロース、ソルビトール、D-キシロース、キシリトール、D-タガトースおよびD-リボースから選択される1以上の甘味物質を含み、成分(c)がレバウジオシドD、レバウジオシドMおよびモグロシドVから選択される1以上の甘味物質を含む、[1]~[12]のいずれか一項に記載の飲食品。
[14] 甘味物質をスクリーニングする方法であって、甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3の阻害剤または甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤の存在下における、候補物質による味覚応答を評価する工程を含む、方法。
[15] 前記味覚関連分子が、GLUT、SGLTおよびKir6.1/SUR1複合体から選択され、阻害剤が、ラクチゾール、ギムネマ酸、フロリジン、フロレチン、ファセンチン、STF31、WZB117、BAY-876、サイトカラシンB、ソタグリフロジン、イプラグリフロジン、エンパグリフロジン、カナグリフロジン、ダパグリフロジン、セルグリフロジン、トホグリフロジンおよびルセオグリフロジンから選択される、[14]に記載の方法。
(1)ショ糖以外の甘味物質を利用して、本質的にショ糖に近い甘味を呈する飲食品を製造することができる。
(2)飲食品に、カロリーを低く抑えたまま、本質的にショ糖に近い甘味を付与することができる。
(3)本質的にショ糖に近い甘味を付与することができる、ショ糖以外の甘味物質を選定することができる。
(4)ショ糖様の低カロリー甘味料組成物および飲食品を設計できる。
なお、本明細書において引用した全ての文献、および公開公報、特許公報その他の特許文献は、参照として本明細書に組み込むものとする。また、本明細書は、本願優先権主張の基礎となる2018年3月30日に出願された日本国特許出願(特願2018-069160号)および2018年12月7日に出願された日本国特許出願(特願2018-230083号)の明細書及び図面に記載の内容を包含する。
本発明は、第1の態様として、以下の飲食品(以下、「本発明の飲食品A」という)を提供する。
(a)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質、
(b)ナトリウム源、および
(c)天然に存在する良味質の高甘味度甘味物質
を含み、
前記成分(b)の量がナトリウムとして11.5~46mg/100mlであり、前記成分(c)の量が甘味閾値以上である飲食品。
糖質系甘味料としては、限定されずに、ショ糖、乳糖、ブドウ糖、麦芽糖、水あめ、異性化糖、果糖などのデンプン糖、エリスリトール、ソルビトール、マンニトール、マルチトール、キシリトール、パラチニットなどの糖アルコール、ショ糖、パラチノース、フラクトオリゴ糖、カップリングシュガー(R)、乳糖、ガラクトオリゴ糖、乳果オリゴ糖、ラフィノース、大豆オリゴ糖、蜂蜜等が挙げられる。また、糖質系甘味料は希少糖を含む。
カンゾウ抽出物とは、ウラルカンゾウ、チョウカカンゾウまたはヨウカンゾウの根または根茎から得られた、グリチルリチン酸を主成分とするものをいう。カンゾウ抽出物の例としてはカンゾウエキス、グリチルリチン、リコリス抽出物が挙げられる。
ショ糖誘導体は、例えば、ショ糖のOH基またはH基を別の置換基で置換して得られるものを含み、その例としては、ショ糖のハロゲン誘導体(スクラロース)、オキサチアジノンジオキシド誘導体、糖アルコール、アルドン酸、ウロン酸等が挙げられる。
とりわけ好ましい甘味物質(a)の一態様は、ブドウ糖、ショ糖、果糖、エリスリトール、D-アルロース、ソルビトール、D-キシロース、キシリトール、D-リボースまたはその組合せを含む。
とりわけ好ましい甘味物質(a)の別の態様は、ブドウ糖、ショ糖、果糖、エリスリトール、D-アルロース、キシリトール、D-タガトースまたはその組合せを含む。
飲食品に含まれるナトリウムの量は、原子吸光法により測定することができる。また、飲食品に含まれるナトリウムの量は、配合されたナトリウム源の配合量が判明している場合には、その配合量から算出してもよい。
さらには、上記測定において本発明の飲食品よりも甘味が少ない基準飲食品のうち、本発明の飲食品と最も甘味の近い基準飲食品を選択し、当該選択された基準飲食品にショ糖を追加することによって本発明の飲食品と同じ甘味を呈するように調整し、その際に、調整後の基準飲食品に含まれるショ糖量から、本発明の飲食品の甘味強度を測定することができる。
乳製品の例としてはバター、チーズ、ヨーグルト、ギイ等が挙げられる。
菓子類の例としては、飴、ジャム、チューインガム、アイスクリーム、スナック菓子、クッキー、ビスケット、ケーキ、ウェハース、菓子パン、チョコレート、和菓子等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない。
さらに、本発明の飲食品は容器詰め殺菌されたものであってもよい。
(a)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質、および
(b)ナトリウム源
を含み、
前記成分(b)の量がナトリウムとして11.5~46mg/100mlである飲食品。
本発明は、第3の態様として、以下の甘味料組成物(以下、「本発明の組成物A」という)を提供する。
(a)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質、
(b)ナトリウム源、および
(c)天然に存在する良味質の高甘味度甘味物質
を含み、
前記成分(b)の量がナトリウムとして11.5~46mg/100ml、前記成分(c)の量が甘味閾値以上となるように使用される、甘味料組成物。
本発明の組成物Aは、本発明の飲食物Aの原料として使用することができる。例えば、本発明の組成物Aを他の原料と配合することにより、本発明の飲食品Aを製造することができる。本発明の組成物Aは「他の原料」と任意の体積比で混合することができ、それによって生じる飲食品は、11.5~46mg/100mlのナトリウムを含む。一部の態様において、本発明の組成物Aは、本発明の飲食物Aにおける唯一の甘味成分となる。したがって、この態様において、上記「他の原料」には、甘味に寄与する成分は含まれない。
(a)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質、および
(b)ナトリウム源
を含み、
前記成分(b)の量がナトリウムとして11.5~46mg/100mlとなるように使用される、甘味料組成物。
上述のとおり、成分(a)、所定量の成分(b)および所定量の成分(c)を配合することにより、飲食品に本質的にショ糖に近い甘味を付与することが可能である。したがって、本発明は、さらなる態様として、以下の飲食品の製造方法(以下、「本発明の製造方法A」という)を提供する。
原材料に対し
(i)(a)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質および(c)甘味閾値以上の量の天然に存在する良味質の高甘味度甘味物質を添加する工程と、
(ii)(b)ナトリウム源を、11.5~46mg/100mlのナトリウム濃度が得られるように添加する工程と、
を含む、本質的にショ糖に近い甘味を呈する飲食品を製造する方法。
(i)(a)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質および(c)甘味閾値以上の量の天然に存在する良味質の高甘味度甘味物質を添加する工程
(ii)(b)ナトリウム源を、11.5~46mg/100mlのナトリウム濃度が得られるように添加する工程
さらに(a)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質を添加する場合であっても、一度に添加する必要はなく、数回に分けて添加してよい。同様に(c)甘味閾値以上の量の天然に存在する良味質の高甘味度甘味物質を添加する場合であっても、一度に全量を添加する必要はなく、数回に分けて添加してよい。
また、別の態様として、甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質と甘味閾値以上の量の天然に存在する良味質の高甘味度甘味物質の混合物を数回に分けて添加することも可能である。
工程(ii)において原材料に加えるナトリウム源は、例えば、塩化ナトリウム、リンゴ酸ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、クエン酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、二硫化ナトリウム、重炭酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、アルギン酸ナトリウム、アルギニン酸ナトリウム、グルコヘプタン酸ナトリウム、グルコン酸ナトリウム、グルタミン酸ナトリウム、酒石酸ナトリウム、アスパラギン酸ナトリウム、乳酸ナトリウム、カゼインナトリウム、アスコルビン酸ナトリウムおよびその混合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであってもよい。
例えば、第1の原材料に果汁、穀類、豆類やその抽出物が含まれ、そのために原材料に予め成分(a)、(b)および(c)のいずれか1つ以上が含まれ、第1の原材料と混合するための第2の原材料においても成分(a)、(b)および(c)が含まれ、第1および第2の原材料を混合することにより本発明の飲食品が製造できた場合、成分(a)、(b)および(c)を個別に原材料に追加する操作は存在していないが、本発明の方法では、最終的に製造される本発明の飲食品が(a)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質、(b)11.5~46mg/100mlのナトリウム、および(c)甘味閾値以上の量の天然に存在する良味質の高甘味度甘味物質を含む限り、工程(i)および(ii)は行われたものとみなす。
原材料に対し
(i)(a)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質を添加する工程と、
(ii)(b)ナトリウム源を、11.5~46mg/100mlのナトリウム濃度が得られるように添加する工程と、
を含む、本質的にショ糖に近い甘味を呈する飲食品を製造する方法。
本発明は、さらなる態様として、以下のスクリーニング方法(以下、「本発明のスクリーニング方法」という)を提供する。
甘味物質をスクリーニングする方法であって、甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3の阻害剤または甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤の存在下における、候補物質による味覚応答を評価する工程を含む、方法。
本発明のスクリーニング方法における味覚応答(好ましくは甘味応答)の評価は、既知の種々の手法によって行うことができる。かかる手法としては、限定されずに、例えば、官能パネルによる官能評価、動物(例えばマウス)を用いた味覚神経応答または行動試験、単離味細胞や、味覚関連分子発現細胞等を用いたin vitroアッセイ(例えばYoshida et al, Diabetes. 2015 ;64(11):3751-62、Bissonnette et al, J Physiol. 1999 15;520 Pt 2:359-71参照)などが挙げられる。
本発明のスクリーニング方法で選定した「甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質」は、例えば、本発明の飲食品や組成物の成分(a)として使用することができる。また、本発明のスクリーニング方法で選定した「甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3に実質的に特異的に作用する甘味物質」は、例えば、本発明の飲食品Bや組成物Bにおいて、成分(a)および(b)と組み合わせて使用することができる。
(1)スクリーニング方法A
(i)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3の阻害剤の非存在下における、候補甘味物質の甘味強度を官能的に測定する工程、
(ii)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3の阻害剤の存在下における、候補甘味物質の甘味強度を官能的に測定する工程、および
(iii)工程(i)で得られた甘味強度と工程(ii)で得られた甘味強度とを比較し、工程(ii)で得られた甘味強度が、工程(i)で得られた甘味強度に対し所定水準以上である場合に、前記候補甘味物質を本質的にショ糖に近い甘味を有する甘味物質として選定し、および/または、所定水準未満である場合に、前記候補甘味物質を甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3に実質的に特異的な甘味物質として選定する工程。
所定水準としては、限定されずに、例えば、甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3の阻害剤の非存在下における、候補甘味物質の甘味強度がショ糖Brix12相当であり、甘味受容体阻害剤としてラクチゾール100ppmを用いた場合、9%、10%、11%、12%、13%、14%、15%または16%等であってよい。また、工程(i)と工程(ii)はいずれか一方を先に行っても、両方を同時行ってもよい。
(i)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3の阻害剤の非存在下における、候補甘味物質およびショ糖の甘味強度を官能的に測定する工程、
(ii)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3の阻害剤の存在下における、候補甘味物質およびショ糖の甘味強度を官能的に測定する工程、および
(iii)(a)工程(i)で得られた候補甘味物質の甘味強度に対する工程(ii)で得られた候補甘味物質の甘味強度の割合と、(b)工程(i)で得られたショ糖の甘味強度に対する工程(ii)で得られたショ糖の甘味強度の割合とを比較し、割合(b)を基準とした場合の割合(a)が所定水準以上である場合に、前記候補甘味物質を本質的にショ糖に近い甘味を有する甘味物質として選定し、および/または、所定水準未満である場合に、前記候補甘味物質を甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3に実質的に特異的な甘味物質として選定する工程。
工程(i)は、例えば、甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3の阻害剤の非存在下におけるショ糖の甘味強度が分かっている場合などにおいて、省略することができる。この場合、スクリーニング方法Bは、以下の工程を含むことになる。
(i)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3の阻害剤の存在下における、候補甘味物質およびショ糖の甘味強度を官能的に測定する工程、および
(ii)工程(i)で得られたショ糖の甘味強度に対する候補甘味物質の甘味強度の割合が所定水準以上である場合に、前記候補甘味物質を本質的にショ糖に近い甘味を有する甘味物質として選定し、および/または、所定水準未満である場合に、前記候補甘味物質を甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3に実質的に特異的な甘味物質として選定する工程。
(i)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤の非存在下における、候補甘味物質の甘味強度を官能的に測定する工程、
(ii)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤の存在下における、候補甘味料の甘味強度を官能的に測定する工程、および
(iii)工程(i)で得られた甘味強度と工程(ii)で得られた甘味強度とを比較し、工程(ii)で得られた甘味強度が、工程(i)で得られた甘味強度に対し所定水準未満である場合に、前記候補甘味物質をショ糖様の甘味を提供する甘味物質として選定し、および/または、所定水準以上である場合に、前記候補甘味物質を甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3に実質的に特異的な甘味物質として選定する工程。
所定水準としては、限定されずに、例えば、甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤の非存在下における、候補甘味物質の甘味強度がショ糖Brix12相当であり、甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤としてフロリジン500μMを含む試験溶液を用いた場合、例えば、94%、93.5%、93%、92.5%、92%、91.5%、91%、90.5%または90%等であってよい。工程(i)と工程(ii)はいずれか一方を先に行っても、両方を同時行ってもよい。
(i)甘味受容体以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤の非存在下における、候補甘味物質とショ糖の甘味強度を官能的に測定する工程、
(ii)甘味受容体以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤の存在下における、候補甘味物質とショ糖の甘味強度を官能的に測定する工程、および
(iii)(a)工程(i)で得られた候補甘味物質の甘味強度に対する工程(ii)で得られた候補甘味物質の甘味強度の割合と、(b)工程(i)で得られたショ糖の甘味強度に対する工程(ii)で得られたショ糖の甘味強度の割合とを比較し、割合(b)を基準とした場合の割合(a)が所定水準未満である場合に、前記候補甘味物質をショ糖様の甘味を提供する甘味物質として選定し、および/または、所定水準以上である場合に前記候補甘味物質を甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3に実質的に特異的な甘味物質として選定する工程。
また、工程(i)は、例えば、甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤の非存在下におけるショ糖の甘味強度が分かっている場合などにおいて、省略することができる。この場合、スクリーニング方法Dは、以下の工程を含むことになる。
(i)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤の存在下における、候補甘味物質とショ糖の甘味強度を官能的に測定する工程、および
(ii)工程(i)で得られたショ糖の甘味強度に対する候補甘味物質の甘味強度の割合が所定水準未満である場合に、前記候補甘味物質をショ糖様の甘味を提供する甘味物質として選定し、および/または、所定水準以上である場合に前記候補甘味物質を甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3に実質的に特異的な甘味物質として選定する工程。
(i)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3の阻害剤または甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤の存在下における、候補甘味物質およびショ糖の味質(残存味質)を官能的に測定する工程、および
(ii)工程(i)で得られた候補甘味物質の残存味質と、ショ糖の残存味質とが近しい場合に、前記候補甘味物質をショ糖様の甘味を有する甘味物質として選定し、および/または、工程(i)で得られた候補甘味物質の残存味質が、ショ糖の残存味質から遠い場合に、前記候補甘味物質を甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3に実質的に特異的な甘味物質として選定する工程。
実験方法
官能に関して訓練を受けた者(5名)がパネラーとなって評価を実施した。下記の表2に示した比率でショ糖、スクラロース、ラクチゾールを純水に溶解して、飲料サンプル(サンプル溶液1~4)を調製した。なお、各サンプル溶液は、スクラロースの甘味強度をショ糖の600倍として、甘味強度が同程度となるように設計した。また、ラクチゾールを添加していない以外はサンプル溶液1、2と同じ組成の溶液をそれぞれコントロール溶液1、2とした。官能評価は吐きだし試験にて行った。甘味強度はVASスケールで評点し、ラクチゾールを添加していない溶液の強度を100%とし、ラクチゾールを添加した溶液の甘味強度を相対値(%)として算出した。これらによりラクチゾールによる甘味抑制効果を検証した。なお、エネルギー(kcal/100ml)はショ糖を4kcal/g、スクラロースを0kcal/gとして、それぞれ算出した。
結果を図1に示す(n=5の平均値)。図1に示すとおり、スクラロースは、ラクチゾール未添加(0ppm)の場合の甘味強度を100%とした場合、ラクチゾールを100ppm添加時には、甘味強度がほぼ消失した(1.2%)。しかしながら、ショ糖溶液は、ラクチゾール未添加の場合の甘味強度を100%とした場合、ラクチゾールを100ppm添加時においても17%もの甘味強度が残存した。これにより、甘味受容体(T1R2/T1R3)の阻害剤であるラクチゾールの共存下でも、ヒトの官能で甘味料の甘味を知覚できることが示された。
実験方法
実施例1で用いたサンプル溶液1(ショ糖12w/v%と、ラクチゾール100ppmの純水溶解液。ショ糖由来Brix約12(48kcal/100ml))と、各種甘味物質溶液(各種甘味物質と、ラクチゾール100ppmの純水溶解液)であるサンプル溶液を調製した。各種甘味物質は、ショ糖12w/v%の甘味度(Brix約12相当)と同等となるように、各種甘味物質の公知の甘味度から換算して配合した。具体的には、ブドウ糖18.46w/v%、果糖8.28 w/v%、エリスリトール17.14 w/v%、D-アルロース17.14 w/v%、RebA(純度99%)516.41ppm、RebD(純度95%以上)430.16ppm、RebM(純度94%)456.07ppm、アセスルファムK 600ppmと、ラクチゾール100ppmとを純水に溶解して、サンプル溶液を調製した。官能評価は、官能に関して訓練を受けた者(4~8名)がパネラーとなり、実施例1と同様に吐きだし試験にて行った。各サンプル溶液の甘味強度をVASスケールで評点し、サンプル溶液1(ショ糖12w/v%+ラクチゾール100ppm)の甘味強度を100%としたときのそれぞれの溶液の甘味強度を相対値(%)として算出した。50%以上でショ糖と味わいが近しいショ糖様の物質、50%未満でショ糖と味わいが遠い物質と判定した。
結果を図2に示す(n=4~8の平均値)。図2に示すとおり、ラクチゾール存在下で残存しているショ糖溶液(サンプル溶液1)の甘味強度を100%としたときに、RebA、RebD、RebMおよびアセスルファムKは、実施例1のスクラロースと同様に、甘味強度の相対値が50%未満(40%以下)と低かった。しかし、ブドウ糖、果糖は、甘味強度の相対値が50%以上であったことから、ショ糖様の本質的甘さを有する甘味物質と考えられた。そして、驚くべきことに、非カロリー性甘味料であるエリスリトール、D-アルロースの甘味強度の相対値は50%以上で、同様にショ糖様の本質的甘さを有する甘味物質であることが判明した。
甘味受容体(T1R2/T1R3)の阻害剤共存下で甘味強度が高かった甘味料(ここでは、カロリー性甘味料としてブドウ糖、果糖、非カロリー性甘味料としてエリスリトール、D-アルロース)は、甘味受容体(T1R2/T1R3)以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こすと考えられる、ショ糖様の本質的甘さを有する甘味料であり、特に、ショ糖様の甘味を有しながら飲食品の低カロリー設計を行うには、本検討で見出したショ糖様の本質的甘さを有する非カロリー性甘味料を組み合わせることが有用と考えられた。
実験方法
下記の表3に示した比率で、エリスリトール、RebD、グルコン酸ナトリウムを純水に溶解して、コントロール溶液(3-0)とサンプル溶液(3-1~3-9)を調製した。
<甘味増大効果>
○(2点):あり
×(0点):なし
<塩味強度>
◎(3点):味を感じない
○(2点):味を感じるが塩味と識別できない
△(1点):塩味を感じる
×(0点):塩味を強く感じる
<総合評価>
×、△、○、◎をそれぞれ0点、1点、2点、3点とし、甘味増大効果と塩味強度の得点を合算して、総合評価点とした。
上記評価基準に沿い、官能に関して訓練を受けた者(8名)がパネラーとなって評価を実施した。なお、総合評価においては、4点以上であれば本発明の効果を有すると判断した。
実験方法
下記の表5に示した比率でエリスリトール、RebD(純度95%以上)、スクラロース、グルコン酸ナトリウムを純水に溶解して、サンプル溶液A~Eを調製した。8%ショ糖溶液をコントロール溶液として、これらサンプル溶液の甘味質を、「甘味の立ちの速さ」、「甘味の厚み」、「甘味の後引き」、「人工感」、「総合的な甘さの満足感」の評価項目により評価した。各評価項目において、コントロール溶液と差がない場合を0点とし、-3点から3点まで点数付けを行った。コントロールよりも甘味の立ちが速い、甘味に厚みがある、甘味の後引きが短い、人工感がない、非常に満足感が得られる場合は3点に近い点数をつけ、コントロールよりも甘味の立ちが遅い、甘味に厚みがない、甘味の後引きが長い、人工感がある、満足感がない場合には-3点に近い点数をつけた。すなわち、0点に近いほど、コントロールに近いことを指す。評価は、官能に関して訓練を受けた者(7名)がパネラーとなって実施した。なお、各サンプル溶液に含まれる甘味物質の量は、計算上コントロール溶液と同等(Brix8程度)になるよう設定してある。
結果を図3-1~3-2および表6にまとめる。表6は、図3-1~3-2に示す各溶液の評価項目の点数、その平均値およびレーダーチャートの面積比を示す。面積比は、コントロール溶液を100とした場合の数値を示す。
サンプル溶液AとBの結果から、ナトリウムを添加することで全ての評価項目がショ糖の味質に近づくこと、サンプル溶液CとDの結果から、ショ糖様の本質的甘さを有する甘味物質(エリスリトール)にナトリウムを添加したものが、そうではない甘味物質(RebD)にナトリウムを添加したものよりも味質がショ糖に近いことが示された。
実験方法
下記の表7に示した比率で濃縮カシス果汁(6倍濃縮)、クエン酸、アスコルビン酸、ショ糖、エリスリトール、RebD(純度95%以上)、グルコン酸ナトリウムを純水に溶解して、容器(ガラス瓶)に充填し、85℃で10分保持して殺菌を行い、容器詰め飲料であるコントロール溶液、飲料サンプルA、Bを調製した。これら飲料サンプルの甘味質を実施例4と同様に評価した。なお、各サンプル溶液に含まれる甘味物質の量は、計算上コントロール溶液と同等(Brix9.6程度)になるよう設定してある。
結果を図4にまとめる。
飲料サンプルAとBの結果から、飲料形態においてもナトリウムを添加することで全ての評価項目がコントロールの味質に近づくことが示された。
実験方法
ナトリウムによる甘味増大効果を、マウスの味覚(鼓索)神経応答試験により評価した。試験は、8~16週齢のC57BL/6Jマウスにウレタン麻酔を施し、Kawai K, et al., PNAS. 2000: 97(20):11044-9に記載の方法に倣って実施した。サンプル溶液に添加する甘味物質として、実施例2の結果から、T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こすと考えられるエリスリトールおよびD-アルロース、ならびに、高甘味度甘味物質としてスクラロースおよびRebDを使用した。サンプル溶液は、各甘味物質を純水に溶解して作製した。サンプル溶液中の各甘味物質の濃度は、ショ糖7w/v%の甘味度(Brix約7相当)と同等となるように設定した(具体的には、スクラロース130ppm、ソルビトール10.8%、エリスリトール10%、RebD(純度95%以上)250.9ppm、D-アルロース10%)。また、上記各サンプル溶液にグルコン酸ナトリウム(GluNa)7.5mM(ナトリウム量として17.5mg/100ml)を添加したサンプル溶液も準備した。サンプル溶液による舌刺激開始5秒~25秒後までの神経応答の大きさの平均値を求め、同様に求めた0.1M NH4Clに対する応答を1とした相対値を算出した。甘味増大効果の解析法はYamamoto T, et al., Chem Senses. 2009:34(9): 809-18に記載の解析法に倣って行った。具体的には、甘味物質のみを含む溶液の応答値とグルコン酸ナトリウムのみを含む溶液の応答値の和(計算値)と、それらの混合溶液の応答値(実測値)を比べ、混合溶液の応答値が高い値を示したとき(すなわち、実測値÷計算値×100(%)>100(%))、応答の増大がみられたと判定した。
一連の動物実験は、動物愛護管理法他関連法令を遵守し、社内動物実験委員会の審査を経て機関の長が承認した計画に基づき実施した。
結果を図5に示す(n=1)。図5に示すとおり、スクラロース以外の甘味物質(RebD、ソルビトール、エリスリトール、D-アルロース)について、ナトリウム(ここでは、ナトリウム源としてグルコン酸ナトリウムを使用)の添加により鼓索神経応答の増大(120%以上)がみられた 。
実施例2の結果から、ソルビトールは「T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こすカロリー性甘味物質」、エリスリトールやD-アルロースは、「T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす非カロリー性甘味物質」と考えられるが、これらの甘味物質がもたらす甘味が、低濃度のナトリウムの存在により増大することが見出された。
実験方法
T1R2/T1R3を介した応答とT1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答の両方を起こす甘味物質としてD-アルロース、T1R2/T1R3を介した応答を起こす甘味物質としてRebDを用いて下記の表8に示した比率でサンプル溶液(7-1~7-9)を調製した。甘味強度はショ糖Brix8%相当に合わせた。
<甘味増大効果>
○(2点):あり
×(0点):なし
<塩味強度>
◎(3点):味を感じない
○(2点):味を感じるが塩味と識別できない
△(1点):塩味を感じる
×(0点):塩味を強く感じる
<総合評価>
×、△、○、◎をそれぞれ0点、1点、2点、3点とし、甘味増大効果と塩味強度の得点を合算して、総合評価点とした。
上記評価基準に沿い、官能に関して訓練を受けた者(5~8名)がパネラーとなって評価を実施した。総合評価において、4点以上であれば本発明の効果を有すると判定した。
実験方法
下記の表9に示した比率でD-アルロース、ショ糖、ブドウ糖、果糖、RebM(純度94%)、グルコン酸ナトリウムを純水に溶解して、サンプル溶液A~Hを調製した。8%ショ糖溶液をコントロール溶液として、これらサンプル溶液の甘味質を、「甘味の立ちの速さ」、「甘味の厚み」、「甘味の後引き」、「人工感」、「総合的な甘さの満足感」の評価項目により評価した。各評価項目において、コントロール溶液と差がない場合を0点とし、-3点から3点まで点数付けを行った。コントロールよりも甘味の立ちが速い、甘味に厚みがある、甘味の後引きが短い、人工感がない、非常に満足感が得られる場合は3点に近い点数をつけ、コントロールよりも甘味の立ちが遅い、甘味に厚みがない、甘味の後引きが長い、人工感がある、満足感がない場合には-3点に近い点数をつけた。すなわち、0点に近いほど、コントロールに近いことを指す。評価は、官能に関して訓練を受けた者(4名)がパネラーとなって実施した。なお、各サンプル溶液に含まれる甘味物質の量は、計算上コントロール溶液と同等(Brix8程度)になるよう設定した。
結果を図6-1~6-4および表10にまとめる。表10は、図6-1~6-4に示す各溶液の評価項目の点数、その平均値およびレーダーチャートの面積比を示す。面積比は、コントロール溶液を100とした場合の数値を示す。
実験方法
T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤として、SGLT1の阻害剤であるフロリジンを使用し、その効果を検証した。
官能に関して訓練を受けた者(4名)がパネラーとなって評価を実施した。下記の表11に示した比率でショ糖、グルコン酸ナトリウム、フロリジンを純水に溶解して、サンプル溶液を調製した。また、フロリジンを添加していない溶液をコントロール溶液とし、吐きだし試験にて、甘味強度をVASスケールで評点した。コントロール溶液の甘味強度を100%とし、各サンプル溶液の甘味強度を相対値(%)として算出した。これらによりフロリジンによる甘味抑制効果を検証した。また、同時に各サンプル溶液の苦味強度も評価した。フロリジン由来の苦味を感じる場合は×、感じない場合を○とした。なお、表11におけるエネルギーは、ショ糖のエネルギー換算係数を4(kcal/100ml)として算出した。
実験方法
実施例9で用いたサンプル溶液9-4(ショ糖12w/v%、グルコン酸ナトリウム7.5mM、フロリジン500μMの混合液、Brix12、48kcal/100ml)に、ショ糖に代えて、各種甘味物質を、ショ糖12w/v%の甘味度(Brix約12相当)と同等となるように、各種甘味物質の公知の甘味度から換算して配合した。具体的には、ブドウ糖18.46w/v%、エリスリトール17.14w/v%、D-アルロース17.14w/v%、RebM(純度94%)456.07ppm、スクラロース200ppmを使用した。各成分を純水に溶解して、サンプル溶液を調製した。それぞれの甘味強度をVASスケールで評点し、フロリジンを含まないコントロール溶液の甘味強度を100%として相対値(%)を算出した。
結果を図8に示す(n=3~8の平均値)。図8に示すとおり、ショ糖、ブドウ糖、エリスリトール、D-アルロースにおいて、フロリジン添加により甘味強度がコントロール溶液の90%未満に低下した。一方、RebM、スクラロースはフロリジンを添加しても、95%以上の甘味強度が残存した。以上より、ショ糖、ブドウ糖、エリスリトール、D-アルロースは、SGLT1(甘味受容体以外の味覚関連分子)を介しても応答を起こすことが示唆された。
(1)エリスリトールに対するグルコン酸ナトリウムの最適濃度の検証
実験方法
サンプル溶液として、実施例3で実施したサンプル溶液に加え、エリスリトール2.29w/v%、RebD 284.2ppm、および、種々の濃度のグルコン酸Na(2.61mM、3.48mM、4.35mM、5.65mM、6.09mM、6.52mM、7.87mM、それぞれNa量として6、8、10、13、14、15、18mg/100ml)を含むもの、コントロール溶液としてエリスリトール2.29w/v%、RebD 284.2ppmの混合液を使用して、実施例6と同様に、マウスの味覚(鼓索)神経応答を計測し、甘味増大効果を解析した。
結果を図9に示す(n=5の平均値)。図9に示すとおり、エリスリトール(E)+RebD溶液において、グルコン酸Na(GluNa)混合により概ね鼓索神経応答の増大がみられた。特にGluNaとして2.5~12.5mM(Na量として5.75~28.75mg/100ml)の濃度範囲で、実測値が計算値の120%以上となる強い増大がみられた。(他の濃度では実測値は計算値の120%以未満)。なお、棒グラフ上の%は、実測値÷計算値×100(%)を示す。
実験方法
サンプル溶液として、実施例3で実施したサンプル溶液に加え、D-アルロース2.29w/v%、RebD 284.2ppm、および、種々の濃度のグルコン酸Na(2.61mM、3.48mM、4.35mM、5.65mM、6.09mM、6.52mM、7.87mM、それぞれNa量として6、8、10、13、14、15、18mg/100ml)を含むもの、コントロール溶液としてD-アルロース2.29w/v%、RebD 284.2ppmの混合液を使用して、上記実験(1)と同様にマウス鼓索神経応答の計測および甘味増大効果の解析を行った。
結果を図10に示す(n=5の平均値)。図10に示すとおり、D-アルロース(A)+RebD溶液において、グルコン酸ナトリウム(GluNa)混合により概ね鼓索神経応答の増大がみられた 。特にGluNaとして2.5~15.0mM(Na量として5.75~34.5mg/100ml)の濃度範囲で、実測値が計算値の120%以上となる強い増大がみられた。(他の濃度では実測値は計算値の120%以未満)。なお、棒グラフ上の%は、実測値÷計算値×100(%)を示す。
実験方法
ショ糖12w/v%と、ラクチゾール200ppmの純水溶解液(ショ糖由来Brix約12、48kcal/100ml)と、各種甘味物質溶液(各種甘味物質と、ラクチゾール200ppmの純水溶解液)であるサンプル溶液を調製した。各種甘味物質は、ショ糖12w/v%の甘味度(Brix約12相当)と同等となるように、各種甘味物質の公知の甘味度から換算して配合した。具体的には、スクラロース200ppm、ソルビトール16.5 w/v%、D-キシロース17.91 w/v%、キシリトール13 w/v%、D-リボース17 w/v%と、ラクチゾール200ppmとを純水に溶解して、サンプル溶液を調製した。官能評価は、官能に関して訓練を受けた者(5~6名)がパネラーとなり、実施例1と同様に吐きだし試験にて行った。各サンプル溶液の甘味強度をVASスケールで評点し、サンプル溶液(ショ糖12w/v%+ラクチゾール200ppm)の甘味強度を100%としたときのそれぞれの溶液の甘味強度を相対値(%)として算出した。50%以上でショ糖と味わいが近しいショ糖様の物質、50%未満でショ糖と味わいが遠い物質と判定した。
結果を図11に示す(n=5~6の平均値)。図11に示すとおり、ラクチゾール存在下で残存しているショ糖溶液の甘味強度を100%としたときに、ソルビトール、D-キシロース、キシリトール、D-リボースは、甘味強度の相対値が50%以上であったことから、これらの甘味物質もショ糖様の本質的甘さを有する甘味物質と考えられた。
実験方法
実施例6と同じ方法で、試験個体数を増やしてナトリウムによる甘味増大効果を評価した(n=2~5)。
結果
結果を図12に示す。図12に示すとおり、試験個体数を増やしても実施例6と同様の結果が得られた。
実験方法
下記の表12に示した比率でショ糖、ラクチゾール、フロリジンを純水に溶解して、サンプル溶液を調製した。官能評価は、官能に関して訓練を受けた者(3名)がパネラーとなり、実施例1と同様に吐きだし試験にて行った。各サンプルの甘味強度をVASスケールで評点し、ショ糖12w/v%溶液の甘味強度を100%としたときのそれぞれの溶液の甘味強度を相対値(%)として算出した。
結果を図13に示す(n=3の平均値)。図13に示すとおり、ラクチゾールの添加により甘味強度が24.8%まで低下した。さらに、ラクチゾールとフロリジンの両方を添加することで、全体の甘味強度が14.1%まで低下した。ラクチゾール添加時と比較すると、フロリジン添加により甘味強度が約60%低下した。以上から、甘味受容体以外の応答にSGLT1が関与していることが示唆された。
実験方法
下記の表13に示した比率でショ糖、スクラロースまたはソルビトールと、ラクチゾールとを純水に溶解して、サンプル溶液を調製した。官能評価は、官能に関して訓練を受けた者(3~4名)がパネラーとなり、実施例1と同様に吐きだし試験にて行った。各サンプル溶液の甘味強度をVASスケールで評点し、ラクチゾール100ppmを使用した溶液14-3および14-5については、溶液14-1(ショ糖12w/v%+ラクチゾール100ppm)の甘味強度を100%としたときの甘味強度の相対値(%)を、ラクチゾール200ppmを使用した溶液14-4および14-6については溶液14-2(ショ糖12w/v%+ラクチゾール200ppm)の甘味強度を100%としたときの甘味強度の相対値(%)をそれぞれ算出した。
実験方法
下記の表14に示した比率でショ糖またはD-タガトースと、ラクチゾールとを純水に溶解して、サンプル溶液を調製した。D-タガトースは、ショ糖12w/v%の甘味度(Brix約12相当)と同等となるように、公知の甘味度から換算して配合した。官能評価は、官能に関して訓練を受けた者(4名)がパネラーとなり、実施例1と同様に吐きだし試験にて行った。各サンプル溶液の甘味強度をVASスケールで評点し、溶液15-1(ショ糖12w/v%+ラクチゾール100ppm)の甘味強度を100%としたときのそれぞれの溶液の甘味強度を相対値(%)として算出した。50%以上でショ糖と味わいが近しいショ糖様の物質、50%未満でショ糖と味わいが遠い物質と判定した。
下記表14に結果を示す(n=4の平均値)。
ラクチゾール存在下で残存しているショ糖溶液の甘味強度を100%としたときに、D-タガトースの相対甘味強度が50%以上であったことから、D-タガトースもショ糖様の本質的甘さを有する甘味物質と考えられた。
実験方法
下記の表15に示した比率で各種甘味物質の組合せを純水に溶解し、サンプル溶液15-1~15-8を調製した。8%ショ糖溶液をコントロール溶液として、これらサンプル溶液の甘味質を、実施例4と同様に評価した。評価は、官能に関して訓練を受けた者(3~7名)がパネラーとなって実施した。なお、各サンプル溶液に含まれる甘味物質の量は、計算上コントロール溶液と同等(Brix8程度)になるよう設定した。
Claims (15)
- (a)甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子を介した応答を起こす甘味物質、
(b)ナトリウム源、および
(c)天然に存在する良味質の高甘味度甘味物質
を含み、
前記成分(b)の量がナトリウムとして11.5~46mg/100mlであり、前記成分(c)の量が甘味閾値以上である飲食品。 - 甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子が、GLUT、SGLTおよびKir6.1/SUR1複合体から選択される、請求項1に記載の飲食品。
- 成分(a)が非カロリー性甘味料である、請求項1または2に記載の飲食品。
- 非カロリー性甘味料が、非カロリー性の、ヘキソース、ペントース、テトロース、末端糖がアルドースまたはケトースである多糖、糖アルコール、およびその組み合わせから選択される、請求項3に記載の飲食品。
- 非カロリー性甘味料が、エリスリトール、D-アルロース、ソルビトール、D-キシロース、キシリトール、D-リボース、D-タガトースおよびその組合せから選択される、請求項4に記載の飲食品。
- 成分(a)がカロリー性甘味料である、請求項1または2に記載の飲食品。
- カロリー性甘味料が、ショ糖、ブドウ糖、果糖およびその組合せから選択される、請求項5に記載の飲食品。
- 成分(c)が、レバウジオシドD、レバウジオシドM、ネオヘスペリジンジヒドロカルコン、グリチルリチン、ソーマチン、モネリン、モグロシド、ルブソシド、クルクリン、マビンリン、ブラゼイン、ペンタジン、フィロズルチン、ヘルナンズルチン、ミラクリン、Siraitia grosvenorii植物含有甘味成分、Glycyrrhiza glabra植物含有甘味成分、Rubus suavissimus S. Lee植物含有甘味成分、Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii植物含有甘味成分、Sclerochiton ilicifolius植物含有甘味成分、Thaumataococcus daniellii Benth植物含有甘味成分、Dioscoreophyllum volkensii植物含有甘味成分、Curculigo latifolia植物含有甘味成分、Richadella dulcifica植物含有甘味成分、Pentadiplandra brazzeana植物含有甘味成分、Capparis masaikai植物含有甘味成分、Lippia dulcis植物含有甘味成分およびそれらの誘導体、およびその組合せから選択される、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の飲食品。
- 総エネルギー量が0~5Kcal/100mlである、請求項1~5および8のいずれか一項に記載の飲食品。
- 総エネルギー量TEが0<TE≦24Kcal/100mlである、請求項1、2、6~8のいずれか一項に記載の飲食品。
- 成分(c)と成分(a)の量比が、1:100000~1:5である、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の飲食品。
- 飲食品全体に対する成分(a)の配合割合が0.5~10%であり、成分(c)の配合割合が20~550ppmである、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の飲食品。
- 成分(a)が、ブドウ糖、ショ糖、果糖、エリスリトール、D-アルロース、ソルビトール、D-キシロース、キシリトール、D-タガトースおよびD-リボースから選択される1以上の甘味物質を含み、成分(c)がレバウジオシドD、レバウジオシドMおよびモグロシドVから選択される1以上の甘味物質を含む、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の飲食品。
- 甘味物質をスクリーニングする方法であって、甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3の阻害剤または甘味受容体T1R2/T1R3以外の味覚関連分子の阻害剤の存在下における、候補物質による味覚応答を評価する工程を含む、方法。
- 前記味覚関連分子が、GLUT、SGLTおよびKir6.1/SUR1複合体から選択され、阻害剤が、ラクチゾール、ギムネマ酸、フロリジン、フロレチン、ファセンチン、STF31、WZB117、BAY-876、サイトカラシンB、ソタグリフロジン、イプラグリフロジン、エンパグリフロジン、カナグリフロジン、ダパグリフロジン、セルグリフロジン、トホグリフロジンおよびルセオグリフロジンから選択される、請求項14に記載の方法。
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EP4241569A4 (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2024-10-09 | Suntory Holdings Ltd | ENHANCED SWEETNESS DRINKS |
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