WO2019168114A1 - クロマト分離方法およびクロマト分離装置 - Google Patents
クロマト分離方法およびクロマト分離装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019168114A1 WO2019168114A1 PCT/JP2019/007894 JP2019007894W WO2019168114A1 WO 2019168114 A1 WO2019168114 A1 WO 2019168114A1 JP 2019007894 W JP2019007894 W JP 2019007894W WO 2019168114 A1 WO2019168114 A1 WO 2019168114A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
- B01D15/18—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
- B01D15/1807—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns using counter-currents, e.g. fluidised beds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
- B01D15/18—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
- B01D15/18—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
- B01D15/1814—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns recycling of the fraction to be distributed
- B01D15/1821—Simulated moving beds
- B01D15/1828—Simulated moving beds characterized by process features
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
- B01D15/20—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to the conditioning of the sorbent material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/42—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the development mode, e.g. by displacement or by elution
- B01D15/424—Elution mode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
- G01N30/46—Flow patterns using more than one column
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
- G01N30/44—Flow patterns using recycling of the fraction to be distributed
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
- G01N30/46—Flow patterns using more than one column
- G01N30/468—Flow patterns using more than one column involving switching between different column configurations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a chromatographic separation method, and more particularly to a chromatographic separation method for separating a plurality of components in a liquid to be separated by passing the liquid to be separated through a separating agent.
- a chromatographic separation method for performing continuous chromatographic separation which is typified by a simulated moving bed method, is known.
- Such a chromatographic separation method is particularly useful in an industrial field where a large amount of liquid to be separated is required to be processed.
- it is widely used in the field of sugar production such as separation of fructose and glucose from isomerized sugar, separation of sucrose from molasses, and removal of low molecular components contained in oligosaccharides.
- sugar production such as separation of fructose and glucose from isomerized sugar, separation of sucrose from molasses, and removal of low molecular components contained in oligosaccharides.
- Several methods have been developed as chromatographic separation methods for continuous chromatographic separation.
- Patent Document 1 is configured so that a fluid can circulate in one direction, and a set of raw material fluid supply ports, a non-adsorbent fluid outlet, and a desorbent fluid supply port along the flow direction. And the adsorbate fluid outlet are provided in this order, and the entire adsorbing zone occupies between the raw material fluid supply port and the non-adsorbate fluid outlet, the non-adsorbate fluid outlet and the desorbent fluid supply port, Is divided into four zones: a purification zone that occupies between, a desorption zone that occupies between the desorbent fluid supply port and the adsorbate fluid outlet, and a concentration zone that occupies between the adsorbate fluid outlet and the raw material fluid supply port. And the set of supply ports and outlets are provided with a packed bed configured to be switched to another set of supply ports and outlets downstream after a predetermined working time. Separation of substances in the raw fluid using a lithographic apparatus The law has been disclosed.
- the eluent is supplied to the first bed of the simulated moving bed composed of four unit packed beds from the first bed to the fourth bed, the raw material liquid is supplied to the third bed, and the first bed is discharged from the first bed.
- a part of the liquid to be extracted is a fraction rich in the B component, and a part of the liquid flowing out from the third bed is a fraction rich in the C component, and the supply-extraction step and the supply / extraction of the liquid are not performed.
- Patent Document 3 is a method in which a raw material fluid containing a plurality of components is supplied to an endless circulation chromatographic separation system, and an adsorption zone for each component is formed in a packed bed and then separated into two or more fractions. At least (i) supplying the raw material and extracting the fraction enriched in one component, (ii) supplying the desorbent and extracting the fraction enriched in the other component, and (iii) to the packed bed In the chromatographic separation method, which includes the steps of circulating the fluid in the bed and moving the mixed zone of multiple components without supplying the raw material and extracting the fraction, and repeating the cycle including this step.
- the packed bed is composed of a packed bed for supplying the raw material fluid and one or more other packed beds, and the packed bed for supplying the raw material fluid has an average larger than the adsorbent (ion exchange resin) of the other packed bed. Filled with ion exchange resin with particle size and / or high cross-linking degree Chromatographic separation method is disclosed, wherein the being.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a chromatographic separation method and the like in which consolidation of a separating agent hardly occurs when continuous chromatographic separation is performed.
- the present inventors have conceived of solving the above-mentioned problem by introducing an upward flow into any of the chromatographic separation steps, contrary to the common sense when performing continuous chromatographic separation.
- continuous chromatographic separation it is common knowledge of those skilled in the art to supply a separation target solution and an eluent in a downward flow in order to maintain high piston performance while maintaining piston flow.
- a separation target solution and an eluent in a downward flow in order to maintain high piston performance while maintaining piston flow.
- a space is formed between the top and the surface layer of the separating agent (resin).
- a separation device comprising: a supply unit that supplies an eluent for extracting any component contained in the liquid to the filling unit; and an extraction unit that extracts any component contained in the liquid to be separated from the filling unit.
- a chromatographic separation method including an upward supply extraction step of extracting any component contained in the liquid from the upward flow extraction portion.
- the upward flow supply unit may be the extraction unit, and the upward flow extraction unit may be the supply unit.
- the apparatus configuration can be further simplified.
- the liquid to be separated and the eluent are supplied in a downward flow from the supply section to different filling sections among the plurality of filling sections, and further include a downward supply and extraction step of extracting the separation liquid from any of the extraction sections.
- the separated component can be extracted.
- the liquid to be separated and the eluent are supplied to different filling parts among the plurality of filling parts in a downward flow from the supply part, and the separation liquid is drawn downward from any of the extraction parts.
- a supply / extraction step, and a circulation step of circulating the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling section in a downward flow between the filling sections without supplying the liquid to be separated and the eluent. can do.
- chromatographic separation can be performed continuously.
- the circulation step can be performed after the upward supply and extraction step, and can be a separation and circulation step in which separation of a plurality of components is advanced. In this case, it is easy to perform chromatographic separation more continuously.
- the three steps of the downward supply extraction step, the upward supply extraction step, and the separation / circulation step can be performed in this order.
- the order of the steps is more suitable for continuous chromatographic separation.
- three steps can be repeated.
- the separation operation can be performed for a longer period.
- the two steps of the downward supply extraction step and the separation circulation step are repeated in this order, and three steps can be inserted between the two steps.
- a step of loosening the separating agent can be added when necessary.
- an adjustment circulation step can be further included which is performed between the downward supply extraction step and the upward supply extraction step and adjusts the position of the liquid to be separated and the eluent.
- the position of the concentration distribution of the liquid to be separated or the eluent can be adjusted to a better position for performing the next step.
- the four steps of the downward supply extraction step, the adjustment circulation step, the upward supply extraction step, and the separation circulation step can be performed in this order.
- the order of the steps is more suitable for continuous chromatographic separation.
- 4 processes can be repeated.
- the separation operation can be performed for a longer period. It is possible to repeat the two steps of the downward supply extraction step and the separation and circulation step in this order, and to insert four steps between the repetition of the two steps. In this case, a step of loosening the separating agent can be added when necessary.
- the filling unit used when the eluent is allowed to flow in the upward flow in the upward supply / withdrawing step can be sequentially moved upstream in the upward flow each time the upward supply / withdrawal step is repeated. .
- a more suitable packed portion can be selected by performing chromatographic separation continuously.
- the separation liquid can be extracted from the upward flow extraction portion of the filling portion that supplies the eluent. In this case, the separation liquid can be extracted from a more suitable position.
- a filling unit for flowing the eluent in a downward flow in the downward supply and extraction step and a filling unit for flowing the eluent in an upward flow in the upward supply and extraction step that is performed first after the downward supply and extraction step.
- the eluent is caused to flow downwardly into one or a plurality of filling sections, and the filling section used at that time enters the liquid to be separated from the extraction section of the filling section located on the most downstream side.
- One component is extracted from a plurality of components contained, and the eluent is caused to flow upward in one or more filling portions in the upward supply and extraction step, and is located at the most downstream of the filling portions used at that time. It is possible to extract one component from the upward flow extraction portion of the filling portion. In this case, one component can be extracted more efficiently.
- a plurality of filling parts that are filled with a separating agent for separating a plurality of components contained in the liquid to be separated by chromatography and each of the filling parts are filled with the liquid to be separated.
- a supply unit that supplies to the gas supply unit and a filling unit, each of which supplies a separation liquid rich in any component in the liquid to be separated from the filling part, and an eluent for extracting the separation liquid.
- the eluent is switched so that it flows in the opposite direction when it is supplied from the supply part and when it is supplied from the extraction part.
- a chromatographic separation device comprising a switching unit for extracting a liquid. In this case, when performing continuous chromatographic separation, a chromatographic separation apparatus in which consolidation of the separating agent hardly occurs can be provided.
- the switching unit when supplying the eluent from the extraction unit, supplies the eluent in an upward flow to any of the extraction units, and is provided with a extraction unit for supplying the eluent.
- the separation liquid can be controlled to be extracted from the supply section. In this case, the separation liquid can be extracted from a more suitable position.
- the switching unit can supply the separated liquid and the eluent in a downward flow from separate supply units, and can further perform control for extracting the separation liquid from any of the extraction units. In this case, the separation liquid can be extracted efficiently.
- the switching unit can further control to circulate the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling part in a downward flow between the filling parts without supplying the liquid to be separated and the eluent.
- chromatographic separation can be performed continuously.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a chromatographic separation method and the like in which the separation agent is less likely to be consolidated when performing continuous chromatographic separation. Further, when a branch pipe filter for a separation liquid or an eluent is provided in the supply unit, the branch pipe filter is washed by an upward flow, and a reduction in pressure loss on the apparatus surface can be expected.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure explaining the chromatographic separation apparatus with which this embodiment is applied. It is the flowchart explaining operation
- (A)-(b) is a figure showing each density distribution of P ingredient and R ingredient in a filling part. It is the flowchart explaining operation
- (A) to (c) are diagrams showing the concentration distributions of the P component and the R component in the filling portion.
- (A) to (l) are diagrams showing the flow directions of the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling section when the three steps of Step 201 to Step 203 are repeated four times (from the first cycle to the fourth cycle). It is.
- (A) to (d) are diagrams showing the concentration distribution of each P component and R component in the filling portion.
- (A) to (p) are diagrams showing the flow direction of the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the packed portion when the four steps from Step 301 to Step 304 are repeated four times (from the first cycle to the fourth cycle). It is.
- the liquid to be separated according to the present embodiment is a liquid to be separated using a chromatographic separation apparatus, which will be described later, and is obtained by dissolving a plurality of components in a solvent such as water or an organic solvent. It is. Then, by utilizing the difference in the interaction of each component with the separating agent, a plurality of components are largely separated into two fractions.
- the plurality of components are, for example, two components of a P component and an R component, they can be separated and either or both of the P component and the R component can be selectively extracted as useful components.
- a component having a larger interaction with the separating agent is a P component
- a component having a smaller interaction with the separating agent is an R component (when the interaction with the separating agent is R component ⁇ P component). )
- R component ⁇ P component when the interaction with the separating agent is R component ⁇ P component.
- the separation can be performed not only when the components included are two components, but may be three or more components. It can also be applied to the case where one component is separated from these, or the case where it is separated into two large fractions.
- components in the liquid to be separated can be separated even when the liquid to be separated has a high viscosity.
- Specific examples include liquids to be separated containing saccharides such as oligosaccharides and maltose.
- the separating agent used in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and a synthetic adsorbent, an ion exchange resin, or the like can be used.
- synthetic adsorbents reverse phase chromatography using the difference in hydrophobicity of each component, normal phase chromatography using ⁇ - ⁇ interaction, hydrogen bonding, etc. are the main separation principles.
- ion exchange resins size exclusion chromatography utilizing the difference in molecular size, ion exclusion chromatography utilizing repulsion with a functional group, etc. are the main separation principles.
- the synthetic adsorbent may be aromatic, aromatic modified or methacrylic.
- the ion exchange resin any of strong acid cation exchange resin, weak acid cation exchange resin, strong basic anion exchange resin, and weak basic anion exchange resin may be used.
- a strongly acidic cation exchange resin for example, UBK510L, UBK530, UBK550, UBK535J, UBK535K, etc., which are cation exchange resins for industrial chromatographic separation manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation can be used. Further, AMBERLITE CR1320 manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd., LEWATIT MDS1368 manufactured by LANXESS, or the like can be used.
- the particle size of the particles constituting the separating agent is preferably more uniform.
- the particle size distribution is preferably 150 ⁇ m to 450 ⁇ m, and the proportion of particles having a particle size of about 220 ⁇ m to 360 ⁇ m is preferably 80% or more of the total volume. Further, it is more preferably 85% or more.
- the eluent is a liquid used for developing the components in the packed bed filled with the separating agent and adjusting the magnitude of the interaction between the separating agent and the components.
- the interaction between the separating agent and the component is adjusted by the concentration of the eluent, so that it is not completely adsorbed and each component can be separated and eluted.
- the eluent for example, alcohols such as ethanol and methanol, and hexanes can be used.
- ion exchange resins use the size of molecules and the weak interaction between functional units and components, pure water is often used as the eluent.
- an acidic aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or the like, or an alkaline aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide or the like may be used.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a chromatographic separation apparatus 1 to which the present embodiment is applied.
- the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 includes a filling unit 10 that separates components, a supply unit 20 that supplies a liquid to be separated and an eluent, an extraction unit 30 that extracts a separation liquid, and a switching unit 40 that switches a flow path.
- a filling unit 10 that separates components
- a supply unit 20 that supplies a liquid to be separated and an eluent
- an extraction unit 30 that extracts a separation liquid
- a switching unit 40 that switches a flow path.
- filling units 10 are provided.
- filling portions 11, 12, 13, and 14 filling portions 11 to 14
- the filling parts 11, 12, 13, and 14 may be simply referred to as the filling part 10 when not distinguished from each other.
- the filling unit 10 is filled with a separating agent for separating a plurality of components contained in the liquid to be separated by chromatography.
- the separation column packed with these separation agents is more preferably a packed column type having no empty column at the top. Two filling portions 10 are sufficient.
- the number is 3 or more from the viewpoint of separation efficiency, and it is more preferable that the number is 4 or more when it is necessary to change or adjust the operating conditions of the system based on the type of liquid to be separated.
- the filling part 10 may consist of five or more.
- the filling unit 10 is, for example, a column and has a space for filling the separating agent therein.
- the filling part 10 is made of, for example, a steel plate as a material, and the liquid contact part can be a rubber-lined part, but is not limited thereto.
- a resin or the like can be used as the material of the filling portion 10.
- the shape of the packed portion 10 is not particularly limited, but in the present embodiment, for example, it is generally cylindrical and has a tower shape as a whole.
- the supply unit 20 is provided in each of the filling units 10 and supplies the liquid to be separated and the eluent to the filling unit 10.
- the supply part 20 is a supply port provided in the upper part of the filling part 10, for example.
- supply units 21, 22, 23, and 24 supply units 21 to 24
- the supply units 21, 22, 23, and 24 may be simply referred to as the supply unit 20.
- one supply unit 20 is provided for each filling unit 10, but a plurality of supply units 20 may be provided. For example, it is possible to provide two separate solutions for supplying the liquid to be separated and for supplying the eluent.
- the extraction unit 30 is provided in each of the filling units 10 and extracts the separation liquid rich in any component in the liquid to be separated from the filling unit 10.
- the extraction unit 30 is, for example, a discharge port provided in the lower part of the filling unit 10.
- extraction portions 31, 32, 33, and 34 extraction portions 31 to 34
- the extraction units 31, 32, 33 and 34 may be simply referred to as the extraction unit 30 when not distinguished from each other.
- one extraction unit 30 is provided for each filling unit 10, but a plurality of extraction units 30 may be provided.
- the extraction part 30 can be provided at a more appropriate position for extracting the P fraction and the R fraction.
- the eluent may be supplied from the extraction unit 30. Therefore, you may provide the supply port used in this case separately.
- the extraction unit 30 for extracting the separation liquid and the supply port for supplying the eluent are separated, and the interference with the other filling unit 10 and the pipes HX1 to HX4, which will be described later, is suppressed and the separation operation is stabilized. It becomes easier to do.
- the switching unit 40 is, for example, an open / close valve (open / close valve). By opening and closing this on-off valve, the flow paths of the liquid to be separated, the eluent, and the separation liquid can be switched.
- the switching unit 40 includes eluent on / off valves W1, W2, W3, W4 (eluent on / off valves W1 to W4), separated liquid on / off valves F1, F2, F3, F4 (separated liquid on / off valves).
- connection path on / off valves X1, X2, X3, X4 connection path on / off valves X1 to X4
- R component on / off valves R1, R2, R3, R4 R component on / off valves R1 to R4
- P component On-off valves P1, P2, P3, and P4 P component on-off valves P1 to P4) are provided.
- the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 includes a pipe HW for supplying an eluent from an eluent tank and the like, a pipe HW1 for supplying the eluent from the pipe HW to the filling unit 11, a pipe HW2 for supplying the eluent from the pipe HW to the filling unit 12, A pipe HW3 for supplying the eluent from the pipe HW to the filling unit 13 and a pipe HW4 for supplying the eluent from the pipe HW to the filling unit 14 are provided.
- the eluent on / off valves W1 to W4 are provided in the pipes HW1 to HW4, respectively, and control the supply of the eluent to the filling units 11 to 14.
- the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 supplies a pipe HF for supplying a liquid to be separated from a liquid tank to be separated, a pipe HF1 for supplying a liquid to be separated to the filling part 11 from the pipe HF, and a liquid to be separated to the filling part 12 from the pipe HF.
- the separated liquid on-off valves F1 to F4 are provided in the pipes HF1 to HF4, respectively, and control the supply of the separated liquid to the filling units 11 to 14.
- the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 has a pipe HX1 that connects the extraction part 31 of the filling part 11 and the supply part 22 of the filling part 12 as a connection path that connects the filling parts 10, and an extraction part of the filling part 12.
- the pipe HX2 connecting the supply section 23 of the filling section 13, the pipe HX3 connecting the extraction section 33 of the filling section 13 and the supply section 24 of the filling section 14, the extraction section 34 and the filling section of the filling section 14.
- 11 is provided with a pipe HX4 that connects the 11 supply sections 21.
- connection path opening / closing valves X1 to X4 are provided in the pipes HX1 to HX4, respectively, and control the flow of the liquid to be separated between the filling parts 11 to 14.
- a bypass path HB is provided at the connection path opening / closing valve X4 of the pipe HX4, and a pump PM is provided in the bypass path HB.
- the bypass HB and the pump PM are installed in the pipe HX4, but may be installed in any of the pipes HX1 to HX4, and may be installed in a plurality of positions (for example, all positions) of the pipes HX1 to HX4. Good.
- the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 is filled with piping HR for extracting the R fraction, piping HR1 for extracting the R fraction from the filling portion 11 to the piping HR, and piping HR2 for extracting the R fraction from the filling portion 12 to the piping HR, and R fraction.
- a pipe HR3 to be extracted from the portion 13 to the pipe HR and a pipe HR4 to extract the R fraction from the filling portion 14 to the pipe HR are provided.
- the R component on-off valves R1 to R4 are provided in the pipes HR1 to HR4, respectively, and control the extraction of the separation liquid from the filling portions 11 to 14.
- the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 is filled with piping HP for extracting the P fraction, piping HP1 for extracting the P fraction from the filling unit 11 to the piping HP, piping HP2 for extracting the P fraction from the filling unit 12 to the piping HP, and P fraction.
- a pipe HP3 that is extracted from the section 13 to the pipe HP, and a pipe HP4 that extracts the P fraction from the filling section 14 to the pipe HP are provided.
- the P component on-off valves P1 to P4 are provided in the pipes HP1 to HP4, respectively, and control the extraction of the separation liquid from the filling portions 11 to 14.
- the switching unit 40 is used to perform switching for supplying an eluent for extracting the separation liquid from either the supply unit 20 or the extraction unit 30.
- the separation liquid is extracted with the eluent flowing in the opposite direction between when the eluent is supplied from the supply unit 20 and when it is supplied from the extraction unit 30.
- the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 described above operates as follows. Here, first, the operation of the conventional chromatographic separation apparatus 1 will be described, and then the operation of the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the conventional chromatographic separation apparatus 1.
- FIGS. 3A to 3B are diagrams showing the concentration distributions of the P component and the R component in the filling portions 11 to 14, respectively.
- the horizontal direction represents a position in the filling portions 11 to 14.
- the left side in the figure is the position of the upper part (upstream side) in the filling part 11 to 14, and the right side in the figure is the inside of the filling part 11 to 14 This means that the position is lower (more downstream).
- the vertical direction represents the density of the P component and R component at each position.
- the right arrow and the left arrow indicate the flow direction of the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling parts 11 to 14, and in the case of the right arrow, the liquid to be separated and the eluent are lowered in the filling parts 11 to 14. Means flowing in countercurrent. In this case, the downward flow is a normal flow direction when the separation operation is performed. On the other hand, in the case of the left arrow, it means that the liquid to be separated or the eluent flows upward in the filling portions 11 to 14. In this case, the upward flow is opposite to the normal flow direction. Further, when the right arrow and the left arrow are not shown, it means that no flow has occurred in the filling portions 11 to 14.
- the down arrow and the up arrow represent the location where the separation liquid and the eluent are supplied, and the location where the P fraction which is a separation liquid rich in the P component and the R fraction which is a separation liquid rich in the R component are extracted.
- the liquid to be separated is represented by “F”
- the eluent is represented by “W”
- the P component and the P fraction are represented by “P”
- the R component and the R fraction are represented by “R”.
- the filling part 13 may be referred to as an adsorption zone (Zone 1), the filling part 14 as a purification zone (Zone 2), the filling part 11 as a desorption zone (Zone 3), and the filling part 12 as a concentration zone (Zone 4).
- the separation operation is continuously performed while shifting these zones one by one. Note that the method described below may be referred to as an improved simulated moving bed method.
- the passing speed of the R component becomes larger than the passing speed of the P component as described above. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 3A, the R component tends to proceed first in the liquid passing direction, and the P component tends to remain later. That is, separation between the P component and the R component occurs in the filling portions 11 to 14.
- each liquid is supplied to a different filling part 10 among the several filling parts 10 by a downward flow from a supply part in the state of Fig.3 (a).
- the separation liquid rich in the P component and the separation liquid rich in the R component are each extracted from separate extraction portions (step 101: downward supply extraction process).
- the separated liquid on-off valve F3, the eluent on-off valve W1, the connection path on-off valves X1, X2, the P component on-off valve P1, and the R component on-off valve R3 are opened, and the other on-off valves are closed.
- the liquid to be separated is supplied from the supply unit 23 to the filling unit 13
- the eluent is supplied from the supply unit 21 to the filling unit 11.
- the P fraction which is a separation liquid rich in P component
- the R fraction which is a separation liquid rich in R component
- the P component is eluted by the eluent supplied from the supply unit 21 to the filling unit 11, and a part of the supplied eluate is separated from the P fraction which is a separation liquid rich in P component. Pull out to the pipe HP1. Further, the remainder of the eluent that has not been extracted from the extraction portion 31 flows into the filling portion 12 from the pipe HX1. As a result, the eluent moves downward and flows through the filling part 12 and the filling part 13. Then, the separation of the P component and the R component proceeds in the filling unit 12 and the filling unit 13, and the concentration distribution of the P component and the R component also moves downstream. Then, the liquid to be separated is supplied to the filling unit 13, and the R fraction, which is a separation liquid rich in R component, is extracted from the extraction unit 33 of the filling unit 13 to the pipe HR ⁇ b> 3.
- the amount of liquid extracted into the pipe HP1 is a part of the amount of liquid supplied from the supply unit 21. Therefore, in order to control this flow rate, it is necessary to attach a pump at the end of the pipe HP1 and extract it at a constant flow rate or to adjust the extraction amount with an integrating flow meter.
- the liquid to be separated is supplied from the supply unit 23
- the R fraction is extracted from the extraction unit 33
- the eluent is supplied from the supply unit 21
- the P image is extracted from the extraction unit 31.
- the operation of extracting the fraction and the operation of supplying the eluent from the supply unit 21 and extracting the R fraction from the extraction unit 33 may be performed separately.
- step 101 the concentration distributions of the P component and the R component are as shown in FIG.
- step 102 separation and circulation step.
- connection on-off valves X1, X2, and X3 are opened, and the other on-off valves are closed. Then, by operating the pump PM, the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling unit 10 are circulated between the filling units 10 in a downward flow. That is, in this case, by opening the connection path on-off valves X1, X2, and X3, all the filling portions 10 are connected by the pipes HX1, HX2, HX3, HX4, and the bypass path HB, and a circulation path is formed. . Then, the pump PM is operated to move the liquid to be separated and the eluent through the circulation path.
- the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling unit 10 are moved downward by one in the filling unit 10.
- separation of the P component and the R component proceeds.
- the concentration distribution is shifted from the state of FIG. 3A by one on the right side in the drawing for the filling portion 10.
- the density distribution is reproduced in a form shifted by one for the filling portion 10 on the right side in the figure.
- step 103 it is determined whether or not to end the chromatographic separation. For example, the chromatographic separation is terminated when a predetermined amount of water to be treated is treated. Further, the process may be terminated when the pressure loss exceeds a predetermined magnitude, or may be terminated when a predetermined separation operation time has elapsed.
- Step 104 the separation operation is stopped.
- Step 104 the separation operation is stopped.
- the process returns to step 101. That is, the above two steps of Step 101 to Step 102 are repeated.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams showing the concentration distributions of the P component and the R component in the filling portions 11 to 14, respectively.
- the horizontal direction represents the positions in the filling portions 11 to 14, and the vertical direction represents the concentrations of the P component and the R component at each position, as in FIG.
- the direction of the arrow, the symbols F, W, P, and R, and the meanings of Zone 1 to Zone 4 are the same as those in FIG.
- step 201 and step 203 to step 205 are the same as step 101 to step 104, respectively, and the upward supply and extraction step of step 202 is performed. It is different. Therefore, the following description will focus on the upward supply and extraction process of step 202.
- the concentration distributions of the P component and the R component are as shown in FIG. 5B similar to FIG. 3B.
- the separation liquid is extracted from the supply unit 20 of the filling unit 10 that supplies the eluent while supplying the eluent in an upward flow to any of the extraction units 30 (step 202). : Upward supply extraction process).
- the eluent on / off valve W1 In the upward supply extraction process, the eluent on / off valve W1, the connection path on / off valves X3 and X4, and the component on / off valve R3 are opened, and the other on / off valves are closed.
- the R fraction which is a separation liquid rich in R components, is extracted from the supply unit 24 of the filling unit 14. Specifically, the eluent is supplied from a location where the concentrations of the P fraction and the R fraction are low, particularly from a location where the density of the R fraction is low.
- the eluent in the upward supply extraction process, the eluent is allowed to flow upward through the filling unit 14, thereby removing the R component flowing into the upper part of the filling unit 14 while alleviating consolidation of the separating agent.
- the connection path opening / closing valves X1 and X2 the eluent is allowed to flow from the lower part of the filling part 14 through the extraction part 34, and is circulated in the filling part 14 in an upward flow.
- 14 is extracted from the supply unit 24 above 14 as an R fraction.
- the flow direction of the eluent in the filling unit 14 is an upward flow, and goes from below to above. Therefore, the consolidation of the separating agent can be reduced.
- the supply unit 24 may be provided with a branch pipe filter for the liquid to be separated or the eluent.
- the branch pipe filter is washed by the upward flow, and a reduction in pressure loss on the apparatus surface can be expected.
- the linear velocity (LV) is preferably 0.5 m / hr or more and 10.0 m / hr or less, and more preferably 1.0 m / hr or more and 5.0 m / hr or less.
- connection path opening / closing valves X1 and X2 are closed, the concentration distribution of the P component and the R component in the filling portions 11, 12, and 13 does not change, and only the concentration distribution of the R component in the filling portion 14 changes. To do. Therefore, even if the eluent is flowed in the upward direction opposite to the normal separation operation, the separation of the P component and the R component is not disturbed. In this case, the consolidation of the separating agent can be eased and the R fraction can be extracted.
- step 202 the concentration distributions of the P component and the R component are as shown in FIG.
- step 203 separation and circulation step.
- the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling unit 10 are circulated between the filling units 10 in a downward flow to advance separation of a plurality of components (step 203: separation and circulation step). ).
- the liquid to be separated and the eluent are moved in the circulation path.
- the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling unit 10 are moved downward by one in the filling unit 10.
- separation of the P component and the R component proceeds.
- the concentration distribution is shifted from the state of FIG. 5A by one on the right side in the drawing for the filling portion 10.
- the density distribution is reproduced in a form shifted by one for the filling portion 10 on the right side in the figure.
- FIG. 6 (a) to (l) show four steps (first cycle to fourth cycle) of three steps (downward supply extraction step, upward supply extraction step, separation circulation step) of step 201 to step 203.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the flow direction of the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling sections 11 to 14 when it is repeated.
- FIGS. 6A to 6C show the first cycle
- FIGS. 6D to 6F show the second cycle.
- 6 (g) to (i) are the third cycle
- FIGS. 6 (j) to (l) are the fourth cycle.
- the right arrow means a downward flow
- the left arrow means an upward flow.
- the right arrow and the left arrow when the right arrow and the left arrow are not shown, it means that no flow has occurred in the filling portions 11 to 14.
- the down arrow and the up arrow represent the part which supplies a to-be-separated liquid and an eluent, and the part which extracts P fraction and R fraction.
- the separated liquid is represented by “F”
- the eluent is represented by “W”
- the P component and the P fraction are represented by “P”
- the R component and the R fraction are represented by “R”.
- Table 1 below shows what is opened for each on-off valve of the switching unit 40. Note that on-off valves other than the on-off valves shown here are closed.
- the filling unit 10 used when the eluent flows in the upward flow sequentially moves to the upstream side in the upward flow every time the upward supply and extraction step is repeated. You can also say. Referring to FIG. 6, the filling unit 10 that flows the eluent in a downward flow in the downward supply extraction process, and the eluent in the upward supply extraction process that is performed first after the downward supply extraction process. It turns out that it is a different filling part from the filling part 10 circulated by countercurrent. Further, in FIG.
- the eluent when viewing the position where the R fraction is extracted, the eluent is allowed to flow downward in one or a plurality of filling sections 10 in the downward supply extraction process, and the most of the filling sections 10 used at that time.
- the R fraction is extracted from the plurality of components contained in the liquid to be separated from the extraction portion 30 of the filling portion 10 located downstream, and the eluent is supplied to one or a plurality of filling portions 10 in the upward supply extraction step.
- the R fraction is extracted from the upward flow extraction portion of the filling portion 10 located on the most downstream side of the filling portion 10 used at that time.
- the R fraction is an example of one component.
- the position of the opening / closing valve to be opened is similarly shifted by one by one to the right side (downstream side) in the drawing with respect to each filling portion 10. If one cycle is performed four times, the original state is restored again. That is, after FIG. 6 (l), the process returns to FIG. 6 (a).
- any component contained in the liquid to be separated is extracted from the supply unit 20 while supplying the eluent to at least one filling unit 10 from the extraction unit 30 in an upward flow. It includes an upward supply extraction process.
- the location where the eluent is supplied in the upward flow can be regarded as an upward flow supply unit that supplies the eluent to the filling unit 10 in the upward supply extraction process.
- a place for extracting any component contained in the liquid to be separated may be provided in the filling unit 10 separately from the supply unit 20. That is, the supply unit 20 and a portion for extracting any component contained in the separation liquid are separately provided in the upper part of the filling unit 10 in the filling unit 10.
- the location where any component contained in the separation liquid is extracted can be regarded as an upward flow extraction portion for extracting the eluent from the filling portion 10 in the upward supply extraction step.
- the apparatus configuration can be further simplified by using the upward flow supply unit as the extraction unit 30 and the upward flow extraction unit as the supply unit 20.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 8A to 8D are diagrams showing the concentration distributions of the P component and the R component of the filling portions 11 to 14, respectively.
- the horizontal direction represents the position in the filling parts 11, 12, 13, and 14, and the vertical direction represents the concentrations of the P component and the R component, as in FIGS.
- the directions of the arrows, the symbols F, W, P, and R, and the meanings of Zone 1 to Zone 4 are the same as in FIGS.
- an adjustment circulation step is inserted between the downward supply extraction step and the upward supply extraction step as compared with the first embodiment.
- the steps other than the adjustment circulation step are the same, the following description will be focused on the adjustment circulation step.
- Step 301 and Steps 303 to 306 shown in FIG. 7 are the same as Step 201 to Step 205 of FIG. 8A, 8C, and 8D are substantially the same as FIGS. 5A to 5C, respectively.
- step 301 the concentration distributions of the P component and the R component are as shown in FIG. 8B, the separation liquid and the eluent in the filling section 10 are circulated between the filling sections 10 in a downward flow, and the position of the separation liquid and the elution liquid in the filling section 10 is determined. Move to the start position of the next process (step 302: adjustment circulation process). At this time, the liquid to be separated and the eluent are not supplied. Thereby, the position of the concentration distribution of the liquid to be separated or the eluent can be adjusted to a better position for performing the next step.
- connection on-off valves X1, X2, and X3 are opened, and the other on-off valves are closed, as in the case of the separation circulation process of step 203 in FIG. Then, by operating the pump PM, the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling unit 10 are circulated between the filling units 10 in a downward flow. As a result, the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling unit 10 move downward by a certain amount.
- the R fraction which is a separation liquid rich in R component in the filling unit 14 is extracted, so the circulation amount is adjusted so that the P component in the filling unit 13 does not flow into the filling unit 14.
- the P component and R component density distributions are as shown in FIG.
- the R component is moved into the filling unit 14 as much as possible, and the P component is prevented from flowing into the filling unit 14.
- the extraction unit 30 that supplies the eluent while supplying the eluent in an upward flow to any one of the extraction units 30.
- the separation liquid is extracted from the supply unit 20 of the filling unit 10 provided with (step 303: upward supply extraction process).
- step 303 the P component and R component concentration distributions are as shown in FIG.
- the separation target liquid and the eluent in the filling unit 10 are circulated between the filling units 10 in a downward flow to advance separation of a plurality of components (step 304: separation and circulation step). ).
- step 304 separation and circulation step.
- the liquid to be separated and the eluent are moved in the circulation path.
- the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling unit 10 are moved downward by one in the filling unit 10.
- separation of the P component and the R component proceeds.
- the concentration distribution is shifted from the state of FIG. 8A by one on the right side in the drawing for the filling portion 10.
- the density distribution is reproduced in a form shifted by one for the filling portion 10 on the right side in the figure.
- the adjustment circulation process is performed, so that the position of the concentration distribution of the liquid to be separated and the eluent can be adjusted to a better position.
- separation performed by a downward supply extraction process with the to-be-separated liquid which flowed into the filling part 12 from the filling part 11 can be supplemented in the adjustment circulation process. Therefore, in the previous downward supply extraction process, part or all of the liquid to be separated that flows from the filling unit 11 into the filling unit 12 may be reduced.
- the amount of eluent used is increased by performing the upward supply and extraction step.
- FIGS. 9A to 9P show four steps (downward supply extraction step, adjustment circulation step, upward supply extraction step, separation circulation step) of step 301 to step 304 four times (first cycle to (4th cycle) is a diagram showing the flow direction of the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling sections 11 to 14 when it is repeated.
- first cycle to (4th cycle) is a diagram showing the flow direction of the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling sections 11 to 14 when it is repeated.
- FIGS. 9A to 9D show the first cycle
- FIGS. 9E to 9H show the second cycle.
- 9 (i) to (l) are the third cycle
- FIGS. 9 (m) to (p) are the fourth cycle.
- the meanings of the arrows shown in FIG. 9 are the same as those in FIG.
- Table 2 below shows what is opened for each on-off valve of the switching unit 40. Note that on-off valves other than the on-off valves shown here are closed.
- the place where the separation liquid and the eluent are supplied and the place where the P fraction and the R fraction are extracted are shifted one by one to the right side (downstream side) in the drawing.
- the position of the opening / closing valve that is opened similarly shifts by one on the right side (downstream side) in the figure with respect to each filling portion 10. If one cycle is performed four times, the original state is restored again. That is, after FIG. 9 (p), the process returns to FIG. 9 (a).
- the process of the to-be-separated liquid performed with the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 demonstrated above can also be regarded as the chromatographic separation method containing the following processes (1), (3), (4) in 1st Embodiment. it can. Steps (1), (3), and (4) correspond to Step 201 to Step 203, respectively. In the second embodiment, it can also be regarded as a chromatographic separation method including the steps (1) to (4).
- the processes (1) to (4) correspond to the above-described steps 301 to 304, respectively.
- Adjusting and circulating step of adjusting the position of the liquid to be separated and the eluent (3) A plurality of filling sections 10 filled with a separating agent for separating a plurality of components contained in the liquid to be separated, and a plurality of filling sections 10
- a supply unit 20 for supplying an eluent for extracting a liquid to be separated or any component contained in the liquid to be separated to the filling unit 10, and any component contained in the liquid to be separated.
- a chromatographic separation apparatus 1 comprising an extraction unit 30 extracted from the filling unit 10.
- a chromatographic separation method for separating a plurality of components contained in a liquid to be separated by chromatography wherein an eluent is supplied in an upward flow from an upward flow supply unit to at least one filling unit 10, Upward supply and extraction step of extracting any component contained in the liquid to be separated from the upward flow extraction portion (4) Performed after the upward supply and extraction step, the separation liquid and eluent in the filling portion 10 , A separation / circulation process in which a plurality of components are separated by circulating between the filling sections 10 in a downward flow
- At least one of (2) and (4) circulates the liquid to be separated and the eluent in the filling section 10 between the filling sections 10 in a downward flow without supplying the liquid to be separated and the eluent. It can be understood that this is an example of a circulating process.
- the first embodiment is a chromatographic separation method in which three steps of (1) downward supply extraction step, (3) upward supply extraction step, and (4) separation and circulation step are performed in this order. It can also be taken as. It can also be understood as a chromatographic separation method in which these four steps are repeated.
- the second embodiment is a chromatograph that performs four steps in this order: (1) downward supply extraction step, (2) adjustment circulation step, (3) upward supply extraction step, and (4) separation circulation step. It can also be regarded as a separation method. Furthermore, it can be understood that this is a chromatographic separation method in which these three steps are repeated.
- separation is achieved while obtaining equivalent performance in terms of purity and recovery rate of each component as compared with the conventional improved simulated moving bed method described in FIGS. It is possible to provide a chromatographic separation method capable of reducing the compaction of the agent. As a result, the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 can contribute to a long-term stable operation.
- the opening / closing control of the switching unit 40 which is an opening / closing valve, may be performed manually or automatically. Moreover, you may use together the case where it performs manually and the case where it performs automatically.
- a control unit such as a control panel is provided, and the control unit controls the switching unit 40 by cooperating software and hardware resources. That is, a control PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) provided in the control unit reads a program that realizes opening / closing control of the switching unit 40 and executes the program to control opening / closing of the switching unit 40.
- a control PLC Programmable Logic Controller
- Example 1 separation operation was performed by the method according to the first embodiment using the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 shown in FIG. Table 3 shows the separation operation conditions at this time.
- varicella was used as the liquid to be separated.
- This varicella contains monosaccharides (DP1), disaccharides (DP2), and trisaccharides or more (DP3 +).
- the monosaccharide (DP1) is mainly glucose.
- the disaccharide (DP2) is mainly maltose.
- trisaccharide or more (DP3 +) is mainly maltotriose.
- Table 3 the respective composition ratios were 61.23%, 15.40%, and 23.37% by weight when the total was 100%. Further, the concentration of all of these components relative to the whole liquid to be separated was 51.2% as shown in Table 3.
- Example 1 the separation operation which isolate
- trisaccharide or more (DP3 +) can be separated as R fraction.
- Demineralized water was used as the eluent.
- UBK530 which is a cation exchange resin for industrial chromatographic separation manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, was used as a separating agent, and this was packed into four columns as the packing unit 10.
- This separating agent is a Na-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin. At this time, the column had an inner diameter of 29.4 mm, and when 1492 ml of the separating agent was packed, the layer height was 550 mm.
- the temperature of the liquid to be separated and the eluent was set to 65 ° C., and the space velocity (SV) during liquid passing was set to 0.5 min ⁇ 1 . Further, the flow rate was 58.6 ml per 1 L resin, and the eluent / separated liquid was supplied in a volume ratio of 2.53. The extraction ratio (P fraction / R fraction) of the P fraction and the R fraction was 0.98. In Example 1, the purpose was to separate trisaccharides or more (DP3 +).
- the supply amount of the liquid to be separated was 32.4 ml
- the extraction amount of the P fraction was 55.4 ml
- the extraction amount of the R fraction was 15.1 ml.
- the supply amount of the eluent was 9.6 ml.
- the circulation amount was 158.3 ml.
- Example 2 In Example 2, the separation operation was performed by the method according to the second embodiment using the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 shown in FIG. At this time, the separation operation conditions of (1) downward supply extraction step and (3) upward supply extraction step were the same as those in Example 1. Further, (4) the circulation amount in the separation and circulation step was reduced by 3.0 ml to 155.3 ml with respect to Example 1, and (2) the circulation amount in the adjustment circulation step was set to 3.0 ml. As a result, the total amount of circulation in one cycle is the same as in the first embodiment.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, the chromatographic separation apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is used to perform (1) a downward supply extraction process and (4) a separation circulation process, (2) an adjustment circulation process, and (3) an upward supply extraction. Separation operation was performed without performing the process. The separation operation conditions at this time were as shown in Table 3.
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Abstract
Description
ここで、連続式クロマト分離を行う際には、ピストンフローを維持して高い分離性能を引き出すために、被分離液や溶離液を下向流で供給することが当業者の常識である。
工業的に使用される大型の連続式クロマト分離装置において、分離材が充填された充填部の内部は、大量の粒状体を充填時に最密充填することは困難なため、少なくともその運転を通じて、塔頂部と分離剤(樹脂)の表層までには空間が生じる。この状態で、被分離液や溶離液が下向流で充填部に導入されれば、液体による圧力が分離剤を押し下げる方向に作用するために、分離材の位置がほぼ変わらない(充填部内で流動しない)ため、ピストンフローを保持することが可能である。一方で、被分離液や溶離液が上向流で充填部に導入されると、液体による圧力が分離剤を押し上げる方向に作用するため、分離剤が流動してしまう。分離剤が流動すると、ピストンフローの保持が難しいため、分離性能が低下する恐れがある。
本発明者らは従来の常識にとらわれず、運転条件を鋭意検討した結果、クロマト分離の一部に上向流抜出工程を取り入れても分離性能が低下せずにクロマト分離を実施できることを見出して本発明を完成した。
また被分離液および溶離液を複数の充填部のうち異なる充填部に供給部から下向流で供給するとともに、抜出部の何れかから分離液を抜き出す下向供給抜出工程をさらに含むようにすることができる。この場合、分離した成分を抜き出すことができる。
そして被分離液および溶離液を供給せずに、充填部内の被分離液および溶離液を、下向流にて充填部間で循環させる循環工程をさらに含むようにすることができる。この場合、複数の成分の分離を促進することができる。
さらに被分離液および前記溶離液を、複数の充填部のうち異なる充填部にそれぞれの液を供給部から下向流で供給するとともに、前記抜出部の何れかから前記分離液を抜き出す下向供給抜出工程と、被分離液および前記溶離液を供給せずに、充填部内の被分離液および溶離液を、下向流にて当該充填部間で循環させる循環工程と、を含むようにすることができる。この場合、クロマト分離を連続的に行なうことができる。
また循環工程は、上向供給抜出工程の後に行ない、複数の成分の分離を進める分離循環工程とすることができる。この場合、クロマト分離をより連続的に行ないやすい。
さらに下向供給抜出工程、上向供給抜出工程および分離循環工程の3工程をこの順で行なうことができる。この場合、クロマト分離を連続的に行なうのにより好適な工程の順となる。
またさらに3工程を繰り返すことができる。この場合、分離運転をより長期に行なうことができる。
また下向供給抜出工程および分離循環工程の2工程をこの順で繰り返すとともに、2工程の繰り返しの間に3工程を挿入することができる。この場合、必要なときに分離剤をほぐす工程を入れることができる。
さらに循環工程として、下向供給抜出工程と上向供給抜出工程との間に行ない、被分離液および溶離液の位置を調製する調整循環工程をさらに含むようにすることができる。この場合、被分離液や溶離液の濃度分布の位置を、次工程を行なうのに、よりよい位置に合わせることができる。
またさらに下向供給抜出工程、調整循環工程、上向供給抜出工程および分離循環工程の4工程をこの順で行なうことができる。この場合、クロマト分離を連続的に行なうのにより好適な工程の順となる。
そして4工程を繰り返すことができる。この場合、分離運転をより長期に行なうことができる。
下向供給抜出工程および分離循環工程の2工程をこの順で繰り返すとともに、2工程の繰り返しの間に4工程を挿入することができる。この場合、必要なときに分離剤をほぐす工程を入れることができる。
上向供給抜出工程で溶離液を上向流で流すときに使用する充填部は、上向供給抜出工程を繰り返す毎に、上向流における上流側に順次移動するようにすることができる。この場合、クロマト分離を連続的に行なうのにより好適な充填部を選択することができる。
上向供給抜出工程は、溶離液を供給する充填部の上向流抜出部から分離液を抜き出すようにすることができる。この場合、より適した位置から分離液を抜き出すことができる。
さらに下向供給抜出工程で溶離液を下向流で流す充填部と、下向供給抜出工程の後最初に行う上向供給抜出工程で溶離液を上向流で流す充填部とは、異なる充填部であるようにすることができる。この場合、分離した成分が混合することを抑制することができる。
そして下向供給抜出工程で溶離液を1または複数の充填部に下向流で流し、そのときに使用する充填部のうち最下流に位置する充填部の抜出部から被分離液中に含まれる複数の成分のうち1の成分を抜き出すとともに、上向供給抜出工程で溶離液を1または複数の充填部に上向流で流し、そのときに使用する充填部のうち最下流に位置する充填部の上向流抜出部から1の成分を抜き出すようにすることができる。この場合、1の成分をより効率的に抜き出すことができる。
また切換部は、被分離液および溶離液を別々の供給部から下向流で供給するとともに、抜出部の何れかから分離液を抜き出す制御をさらに行なうようにすることができる。この場合、分離液を効率よく抜き出すことができる。
さらに切換部は、被分離液および溶離液を供給せずに、充填部内部の被分離液および溶離液を、充填部間で下向流にて循環させる制御をさらに行なうことができる。この場合、クロマト分離を連続的に行なうことができる。
(被分離液)
本実施の形態の被分離液は、含まれる複数の成分を、後述するクロマト分離装置を使用して分離する対象となる液体であり、水または有機溶媒等の溶媒に複数の成分が溶解したものである。そして、各成分の分離剤に対する相互作用の差を利用することで、複数の成分を大きく2つの画分に分離する。この複数の成分が、例えば、P成分およびR成分の2成分だった場合、これらを分離し、P成分およびR成分の何れかまたは双方を有用成分として選択的に抽出することができる。なお以下の説明では、分離剤との相互作用がより大きい成分をP成分、分離剤との相互作用がより小さい成分をR成分とし(分離剤との相互作用が、R成分<P成分の場合)、このP成分とR成分とを分離する場合について説明を行なう。つまりこの場合、被分離液を分離剤に通液すると、R成分の通過速度の方が、P成分の通過速度より大きくなる。その結果、通液方向に向かいR成分が先に進みやすく、P成分が後に残りやすい。つまりP成分とR成分との分離が生ずる。なお以後、これらの成分を分離した後の液体であって、P成分とR成分の何れかに富む液体を、「分離液」と言うことがある。
本実施の形態で使用する分離剤は、特に限られるものではなく、合成吸着剤、イオン交換樹脂などを使用することができる。
合成吸着剤においては、各成分の疎水性の差を利用した逆相クロマトグラフィー、π-π相互作用、水素結合などを利用した順相クロマトグラフィーが主な分離原理となる。
またイオン交換樹脂においては、分子サイズの違いを利用したサイズ排除クロマトグラフィー、官能基との反発力を利用したイオン排除クロマトグラフィーなどが主な分離原理となる。
このような分離剤としては、例えば、三菱ケミカル株式会社製の工業クロマト分離用陽イオン交換樹脂である、UBK510L、UBK530、UBK550、UBK535J、UBK535K等を用いることができる。またダウ・ケミカル社製のAMBERLITE CR1320)、ランクセス社製のLEWATIT MDS1368等を用いることができる。
分離剤を構成する粒子の粒径はより均一であることが好ましい。例えば、粒度分布として、粒径150μm~450μmであることが好ましく、220μm~360μm程度の粒子の割合が、体積比で全体の80%以上であることが好ましい。また85%以上であることがさらに好ましい。
本実施の形態では、溶離液は、分離剤を充填する充填層において成分を展開し、分離剤と成分の相互作用の大きさを調整するために使用する液体である。
合成吸着剤では、分離剤と成分間の相互作用を溶離液濃度によって調整することで、完全に吸着せず、かつ各成分を分離して溶出させることができる。溶離液として、例えば、エタノールやメタノール等のアルコール類やヘキサン類を用いることができる。
またイオン交換樹脂は、分子サイズの大きさや、官能器と成分の微弱な相互作用を利用するため、溶離液は純水を用いることが多い。また、分離液中の成分の安定性や解離状態を維持するため、塩酸や硫酸等を含む酸性水溶液、あるいは水酸化ナトリウム等を含むアルカリ性水溶液を用いることがある。
図1は、本実施形態が適用されるクロマト分離装置1について説明した図である。
なお配管HX4の接続路開閉弁X4の箇所には、バイパス路HBが設けられ、バイパス路HBには、ポンプPMが設けられる。なおバイパス路HBおよびポンプPMは、配管HX4に設置されているが、配管HX1~HX4の何れに設置してもよく、配管HX1~HX4の複数位置(例えば、全ての位置)に設置してもよい。
以上説明したクロマト分離装置1は、以下のように動作する。
ここでは、まず従来のクロマト分離装置1の動作について説明をした後、本実施の形態に係るクロマト分離装置1の動作について説明を行う。
また図3(a)~(b)は、充填部11~14内のP成分およびR成分のそれぞれの濃度分布について示した図である。ここで横方向は、充填部11~14内の位置を表す。各充填部11~14において、図中において、より左方ほど充填部11~14内のより上部(より上流側)の位置であり、図中において、より右方ほど充填部11~14内のより下部(より下流側)の位置であることを意味する。また縦方向は、各位置におけるP成分およびR成分の濃度を表す。さらに右矢印および左矢印は、充填部11~14内において、被分離液や溶離液の流れの向きを表し、右矢印の場合は、充填部11~14内を被分離液や溶離液が下向流で流れることを意味する。この場合、下向流は、分離運転するときの通常の流れの向きである。対して、左矢印の場合は、充填部11~14内を被分離液や溶離液が上向流で流れることを意味する。この場合、上向流は、通常の流れの向きとは逆側である。さらに右矢印および左矢印が図示されていない場合は、その充填部11~14内で、流れが生じていないことを意味する。また下矢印や上矢印は、被分離液や溶離液を供給する箇所、およびP成分に富む分離液であるP画分やR成分に富む分離液であるR画分を抜き出す箇所を表す。図中、被分離液を「F」、溶離液を「W」、P成分やP画分を「P」、R成分やR画分を「R」で表す。
そして図3(b)の状態において、充填部10内の被分離液および溶離液を、下向流にて充填部10間で循環させ、複数の成分の分離を進める(ステップ102:分離循環工程)。なおこのとき被分離液および溶離液の供給は行なわない。
対して、クロマト分離を終了させない場合(ステップ103でNo)、ステップ101に戻る。つまり上記ステップ101~ステップ102の2工程を繰り返す。
[第1の実施形態]
ここではまず本実施の形態のクロマト分離装置1の動作として、第1の実施形態について説明を行なう。
図4は、第1の実施形態におけるクロマト分離装置1の動作について説明したフローチャートである。
また図5(a)~(c)は、充填部11~14内のP成分およびR成分のそれぞれの濃度分布について示した図である。ここで横方向は、充填部11~14内の位置を表し、縦方向は、各位置におけるP成分およびR成分の濃度を表すのは、図3と同様である。さらに、矢印の向き、F、W、P、Rの記号、およびZone1~Zone4の意味も図3と同様である。
そして図5(b)の状態において、抜出部30の何れかに対し溶離液を上向流で供給しつつ、溶離液を供給する充填部10の供給部20から分離液を抜き出す(ステップ202:上向供給抜出工程)。
具体的に、溶離液は、P画分およびR画分の濃度が低い箇所、特にR画分の濃度が低い箇所から供給する。即ち、ほとんど溶離液しか含まれない箇所から同じ溶離液を供給することで、RとP成分の濃度分布への影響が少ないため、分離性能が低下しない。一方、RとP成分濃度が高い箇所から逆向き(上向流)に溶離液を供給すると、部分的に本来の溶離位置と異なるところに出るので、最終製品の純度が低下するため、クロマト分離で向上させたい性能が落ちることとなる。
そして図5(c)の状態において、充填部10内の被分離液および溶離液を、下向流にて充填部10間で循環させ、複数の成分の分離を進める(ステップ203:分離循環工程)。これにより、循環路内を、被分離液や溶離液を移動させる。ここでは、充填部10内の被分離液および溶離液を、充填部10の1個分、下向方向に移動する。またこの際に、P成分とR成分との分離が進む。その結果、図5(a)の状態から、充填部10について、図中右側に1個分ずれた形の濃度分布となる。つまり図中右側に充填部10について、1個分ずれた形で濃度分布が再現される。これにより、再びステップ201に戻り、同じ分離処理を繰り返すことができ、クロマト分離を連続して行なうことができる。
なお、溶離液を上向流で供給する箇所を、充填部10に抜出部30とは別に設けてもよい。即ち、充填部10に抜出部30と溶離液を上向流で供給する箇所とを充填部10の下部に別々に設ける。この場合、溶離液を上向流で供給する箇所は、上向供給抜出工程において、溶離液を充填部10に供給する上向流供給部として捉えることができる。
また同様に、被分離液に含まれる何れかの成分を抜き出す箇所を、充填部10に供給部20とは別に設けてもよい。即ち、充填部10に供給部20と分離液に含まれる何れかの成分を抜き出す箇所とを充填部10の上部に別々に設ける。この場合、分離液に含まれる何れかの成分を抜き出す箇所は、上向供給抜出工程において、溶離液を充填部10から抜き出す上向流抜出部として捉えることができる。
ただし、上述したように、上向流供給部を、抜出部30とし、上向流抜出部を、供給部20とすることにより、装置構成をより簡単にすることができる。
次に、クロマト分離装置1の動作として、第2の実施形態について説明を行なう。
図7は、第2の実施形態におけるクロマト分離装置1の動作について説明したフローチャートである。また図8(a)~(d)は、充填部11~14のそれぞれのP成分およびR成分の濃度分布について示した図である。ここで横方向は、充填部11、12、13、14内の位置を表し、縦方向は、P成分およびR成分の濃度を表すのは、図3、5と同様である。さらに、矢印の向き、F、W、P、Rの記号、およびZone1~Zone4の意味も図3、5と同様である。
そしてステップ302の終了時点で、P成分およびR成分の濃度分布は、図8(c)に示すようなものになる。この調整循環工程では、R成分をできるだけ、充填部14内に移動させるともに、P成分を充填部14内に流入させないようにする。
そして図8(d)の状態において、充填部10内の被分離液および溶離液を、下向流にて充填部10間で循環させ、複数の成分の分離を進める(ステップ304:分離循環工程)。これにより、循環路内を、被分離液や溶離液を移動させる。ここでは、充填部10内の被分離液および溶離液を、充填部10の1個分、下向方向に移動する。またこの際に、P成分とR成分との分離が進む。その結果、図8(a)の状態から、充填部10について、図中右側に1個分ずれた形の濃度分布となる。つまり図中右側に充填部10について、1個分ずれた形で濃度分布が再現される。これにより、再びステップ301に戻り、同じ分離処理を繰り返すことができ、クロマト分離を連続して行なうことができる。
(2)下向供給抜出工程と上向供給抜出工程との間に行ない、充填部10内の被分離液および溶離液を、下向流にて充填部10間で循環させ、被分離液および溶離液の位置を調製する調整循環工程
(3)被分離液中に含まれる複数の成分を分離するための分離剤を充填した複数の充填部10と、複数の充填部10のそれぞれに設けられた、被分離液または被分離液に含まれる何れかの成分を抜き出すための溶離液を充填部10に供給する供給部20と、被分離液中に含まれる何れかの成分を充填部10から抜き出す抜出部30と、を備えるクロマト分離装置1により、被分離液中に含まれる複数の成分をクロマトグラフィーにより分離するクロマト分離方法であって、溶離液を、少なくとも1の充填部10に上向流供給部から上向流で供給しつつ、被分離液に含まれる何れかの成分を上向流抜出部から抜き出す上向供給抜出工程
(4)上向供給抜出工程の後に行ない、充填部10内の被分離液および溶離液を、下向流にて充填部10間で循環させ、複数の成分の分離を進める分離循環工程
また第2の実施形態は、(1)下向供給抜出工程、(2)調整循環工程、(3)上向供給抜出工程、(4)分離循環工程の4工程をこの順で行なうクロマト分離方法であると捉えることもできる。さらにこの3工程を繰り返すクロマト分離方法であると捉えることもできる。
(実施例1)
実施例1では、図1に示すクロマト分離装置1を用い、第1の実施形態による方法で、分離運転を行なった。このときの分離運転条件を表3に示す。
また(3)上向供給抜出工程では、溶離液の供給量を9.6mlとした。
さらに(4)分離循環工程では、循環量を158.3mlとした。
実施例2では、図1に示すクロマト分離装置1を用い、第2の実施形態による方法で、分離運転を行なった。このとき(1)下向供給抜出工程および(3)上向供給抜出工程の分離運転条件は、実施例1と同様とした。また(4)分離循環工程の循環量は、実施例1に対し3.0ml減らして、155.3mlとし、(2)調整循環工程の循環量を3.0mlとした。これにより1サイクル中の循環量の総量は、実施例1と同じとしている。
比較例1では、図1に示すクロマト分離装置1を用い、(1)下向供給抜出工程および(4)分離循環工程を行ない、(2)調整循環工程および(3)上向供給抜出工程は行なわないで、分離運転を行なった。このときの分離運転条件は、表3に示すようにした。
結果について表3に示す。
実施例1、実施例2および比較例1を対比すると、分離液(R画分)について、単糖類(DP1)、二糖類(DP2)、および三糖類以上(DP3+)のそれぞれの成分比は、重量比でほぼ同じとなった。またこれらの成分全体の濃度もほぼ同じとなった。
また実施例1および実施例2と比較例1とを対比すると、実施例1および実施例2の三糖類以上(DP3+)の純度および回収率は、比較例1のそれと比較してほぼ同等となった。これにより、従来の改良型擬似移動床法と比較して各成分の純度・回収率で同等の性能を得ながら、分離剤の圧密化を緩和することができるクロマト分離方法を提供できることがわかる。
Claims (21)
- 被分離液中に含まれる複数の成分を分離するための分離剤を充填した複数の充填部と、
前記複数の充填部のそれぞれに設けられた、
前記被分離液または前記被分離液に含まれる何れかの成分を抜き出すための溶離液を前記充填部に供給する供給部と、
前記被分離液中に含まれる何れかの成分を前記充填部から抜き出す抜出部と、
を備える分離装置により、
前記被分離液中に含まれる複数の成分をクロマトグラフィーにより分離するクロマト分離方法であって、
前記溶離液を、少なくとも1の前記充填部に上向流供給部から上向流で供給しつつ、前記被分離液に含まれる何れかの成分を上向流抜出部から抜き出す上向供給抜出工程を含むクロマト分離方法。 - 前記上向流供給部は、前記抜出部であるとともに、前記上向流抜出部は、前記供給部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記被分離液および前記溶離液を前記複数の充填部のうち異なる充填部に供給部から下向流で供給するとともに、前記抜出部の何れかから前記分離液を抜き出す下向供給抜出工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記被分離液および前記溶離液を供給せずに、前記充填部内の被分離液および溶離液を、下向流にて当該充填部間で循環させる循環工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記被分離液および前記溶離液を、前記複数の充填部のうち異なる充填部にそれぞれの液を供給部から下向流で供給するとともに、前記抜出部の何れかから前記分離液を抜き出す下向供給抜出工程と、
前記被分離液および前記溶離液を供給せずに、前記充填部内の被分離液および溶離液を、下向流にて当該充填部間で循環させる循環工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のクロマト分離方法。 - 前記循環工程は、前記上向供給抜出工程の後に行ない、前記複数の成分の分離を進める分離循環工程であることを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記下向供給抜出工程、前記上向供給抜出工程および前記分離循環工程の3工程をこの順で行なうことを特徴とする請求項6に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記3工程を繰り返すことを特徴とする請求項7に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記下向供給抜出工程および前記分離循環工程の2工程をこの順で繰り返すとともに、当該2工程の繰り返しの間に前記3工程を挿入することを特徴とする請求項7に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記循環工程として、前記下向供給抜出工程と前記上向供給抜出工程との間に行ない、前記被分離液および前記溶離液の位置を調製する調整循環工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記下向供給抜出工程、前記調整循環工程、前記上向供給抜出工程および前記分離循環工程の4工程をこの順で行なうことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記4工程を繰り返すことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記下向供給抜出工程および前記分離循環工程の2工程をこの順で繰り返すとともに、当該2工程の繰り返しの間に前記4工程を挿入することを特徴とする請求項11に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記上向供給抜出工程で前記溶離液を上向流で流すときに使用する前記充填部は、当該上向供給抜出工程を繰り返す毎に、上向流における上流側に順次移動することを特徴とする請求項8または12に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記上向供給抜出工程は、前記溶離液を供給する前記充填部の前記上向流抜出部から前記分離液を抜き出すことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記下向供給抜出工程で前記溶離液を下向流で流す充填部と、前記下向供給抜出工程の後最初に行う前記上向供給抜出工程で当該溶離液を上向流で流す充填部とは、異なる充填部であることを特徴とする請求項3または5に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 前記下向供給抜出工程で前記溶離液を1または複数の充填部に下向流で流し、そのときに使用する充填部のうち最下流に位置する充填部の抜出部から前記被分離液中に含まれる複数の成分のうち1の成分を抜き出すとともに、前記上向供給抜出工程で当該溶離液を1または複数の充填部に上向流で流し、そのときに使用する充填部のうち最下流に位置する充填部の上向流抜出部から当該1の成分を抜き出すことを特徴とする請求項16に記載のクロマト分離方法。
- 被分離液中に含まれる複数の成分をクロマトグラフィーにより分離するための分離剤を充填する、複数の充填部と、
前記充填部のそれぞれに設けられ、前記被分離液を前記充填部に供給する供給部と、
前記充填部のそれぞれに設けられ、前記被分離液中の何れかの成分に富む分離液を前記充填部から抜き出す抜出部と、
前記分離液を抜き出すための溶離液を、前記供給部および前記抜出部の何れか一方から供給するための切り換えを行ない、当該溶離液を、当該供給部から供給するときと当該抜出部から供給するときとで、当該溶離液が流れる向きを逆側にして前記分離液を抜き出す切換部と、
を備えるクロマト分離装置。 - 前記切換部は、前記溶離液を前記抜出部から供給するときは、当該抜出部の何れかに対し当該溶離液を上向流で供給しつつ、当該溶離液を供給する抜出部が設けられる前記充填部の供給部から前記分離液を抜き出す制御を行なうことを特徴とする請求項18に記載のクロマト分離装置。
- 前記切換部は、前記被分離液および前記溶離液を別々の供給部から下向流で供給するとともに、前記抜出部の何れかから前記分離液を抜き出す制御をさらに行なうことを特徴とする請求項19に記載のクロマト分離装置。
- 前記切換部は、前記被分離液および前記溶離液を供給せずに、前記充填部内部の被分離液および溶離液を、前記充填部間で下向流にて循環させる制御をさらに行なうことを特徴とする請求項20に記載のクロマト分離装置。
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