WO2019127992A1 - 一种预浸料、复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种预浸料、复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2019127992A1
WO2019127992A1 PCT/CN2018/083697 CN2018083697W WO2019127992A1 WO 2019127992 A1 WO2019127992 A1 WO 2019127992A1 CN 2018083697 W CN2018083697 W CN 2018083697W WO 2019127992 A1 WO2019127992 A1 WO 2019127992A1
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parts
epoxy resin
prepreg
flame retardant
preparation
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PCT/CN2018/083697
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘若鹏
赵治亚
杨鸿帆
张运湘
隋爱国
李雪
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洛阳尖端技术研究院
洛阳尖端装备技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2019127992A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019127992A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/249—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
    • C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
    • C08J5/244—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using glass fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/246—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using polymer based synthetic fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L71/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
    • C08L71/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
    • C08L71/12—Polyphenylene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L77/10—Polyamides derived from aromatically bound amino and carboxyl groups of amino-carboxylic acids or of polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2471/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2471/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
    • C08J2471/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
    • C08J2471/12—Polyphenylene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2477/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2477/10—Polyamides derived from aromatically bound amino and carboxyl groups of amino carboxylic acids or of polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/321—Phosphates
    • C08K2003/322—Ammonium phosphate
    • C08K2003/323—Ammonium polyphosphate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
    • C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
    • C08K5/523—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 with hydroxyaryl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/5399—Phosphorus bound to nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
    • C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
    • C08K7/10—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
    • C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
    • C08K7/14—Glass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a prepreg, and more particularly to a prepreg, a composite material prepared from the prepreg, and a process for the preparation thereof and use thereof.
  • Epoxy-based glass fiber composite materials have outstanding advantages such as low cost and small volume shrinkage during processing, and are widely used in construction, transportation, sports equipment, electronic appliances, aviation Kangtian and other fields.
  • Prepreg is the intermediate material in the preparation process of composite materials, and its quality directly affects the quality of the final product composite. Based on environmental protection requirements, the current method for improving the flame retardancy of epoxy prepregs is to add an additive or reactive flame retardant to the epoxy resin.
  • the present invention provides a prepreg and a preparation method thereof.
  • a method for preparing a prepreg comprising: weighing 40-60 parts of epoxy resin, 2-8 parts of a compatibilizer, and 12-18 parts of a flame retardant according to parts by weight. 20-40 parts of phenolic hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether and uniformly mixed to obtain an epoxy resin mixture; 50-80 parts of the epoxy resin mixture, 10-40 parts of curing agent, and uniformly dispersed according to parts by weight The solvent is evaporated in a solvent to obtain a flame retardant epoxy resin; a prepreg is prepared from the flame retardant epoxy resin and the reinforcing fiber.
  • the preparation method of the phenolic hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether comprises: reacting formaldehyde, methanol and diphenyl ether under the catalysis of concentrated sulfuric acid at 70-80 ° C to obtain methoxy diphenyl oxide.
  • the phenolic hydroxyl group-modified polyphenylene ether is obtained by reacting the methoxydiphenyl ether with phenol under the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid at 80 to 90 °C.
  • the compatibilizer is selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, and polyglycerin fatty acid ester. Combination of species or multiples.
  • the flame retardant is selected from the group consisting of hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene, melamine polyphosphate, polyphosphoric acid, tricresyl phosphate, and the curing agent is Aqueous polyisocyanate curing agent.
  • the solvent is selected from a combination of one or more of methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol.
  • the step of preparing the prepreg from the flame retardant epoxy resin and the reinforcing fiber further comprises: preparing the flame retardant epoxy resin by using a film coating machine, and then impregnating with the impregnation machine; A prepreg is prepared from the film and the reinforcing fibers by a squeeze roll extrusion process.
  • the reinforcing fibers are selected from a combination of one or more of glass fibers, carbon fibers, quartz fibers or aramid fibers.
  • the epoxy resin mixture and the curing agent are uniformly dispersed in acetone by means of ultrasonication.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising: heating the prepreg prepared by the above preparation method in a vacuum oven at a temperature of 100-120 ° C for 0.5-1.5 h, and curing at 140-160 ° C for 1.5. -2.5h, 170-190 ° C curing 1.5-2.5h, 190-210 ° C curing 1.5-2.5h, to obtain a composite.
  • a fifth aspect of the present invention there is also provided the use of the above prepreg and the above composite material in an aircraft interior non-metallic material, a ship facing material, and a building material.
  • Polyphenylene ether has poor compatibility with epoxy resin, and polyphenylene ether has poor fluidity, which makes it impossible to uniformly blend with epoxy resin during blending, and the viscosity of the mixed resin is too large to be used for preparing prepreg.
  • the invention synthesizes the polyphenylene ether with a phenolic hydroxyl group at the end, and controls the molecular weight of the polyphenylene ether to make the polyphenylene ether have suitable viscosity and fluidity, and the epoxy resin is modified by solution blending and ultrasonication.
  • the polyphenylene ether is uniformly mixed.
  • the invention adds the phenolic hydroxyl group modified polyphenylene ether to the epoxy resin molecular chain by adding a flame retardant and a phenolic hydroxyl group modified polyphenylene ether, and at the same time improves the flame retardancy and impact performance of the epoxy resin.
  • the invention is directed to the epoxy resin-based prepreg which is easy to burn, and has high crosslinking density of the epoxy resin after curing, resulting in poor toughness, adding structural flame retardant and modified polyphenylene ether, and improving glass fiber reinforcement. Impact properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resin matrix composites.
  • the modified resin prepared by the invention has excellent impact resistance and flame retardant performance, and the prepared prepreg and composite material can be applied to many fields such as non-metallic materials, ship facing materials and building materials in aircraft.
  • FIG. 1 shows a process flow diagram of a method of preparing a prepreg and a composite in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the preparation method of the prepreg and the composite material provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
  • Step S101 As shown in FIG. 1 , in this step, 40-60 parts of epoxy resin, 2-8 parts of compatibilizer, 12-18 parts of flame retardant, phenolic hydroxyl modified poly are weighed according to parts by weight. 20-40 parts of phenyl ether and uniformly mixed to obtain an epoxy resin mixture; wherein the preparation method of the phenolic hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether comprises: catalyzing formaldehyde, methanol and diphenyl ether under concentrated sulfuric acid at 85-90 ° C The reaction is carried out to obtain methoxydiphenyl ether; the methoxy-diphenyl ether is reacted with phenol under p-toluenesulfonic acid at 80-90 ° C to obtain a phenolic hydroxyl group-modified polyphenylene ether.
  • the compatibilizer is selected from the group consisting of a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene ether, a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, and a polyglycerin fatty acid ester.
  • the flame retardant is selected from the group consisting of hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene, melamine polyphosphate, polyphosphoric acid amine, tricresyl phosphate, or a combination thereof, preferably selected from hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene
  • the curing agent is an aqueous polyisocyanate curing agent.
  • Step S103 As shown in FIG. 1 , in this step, 50-80 parts of the epoxy resin mixture, 10-40 parts of curing agent are weighed according to parts by weight, uniformly dispersed in a solvent, and the solvent is evaporated to obtain flame retardant.
  • the solvent is selected from the group consisting of one or more of methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol.
  • 50 to 80 parts of the epoxy resin mixture and 10 to 40 parts of the curing agent are uniformly dispersed in acetone in an ultrasonic manner.
  • Step S105 As shown in FIG. 1, in this step, a prepreg is prepared from a flame retardant epoxy resin and a reinforcing fiber.
  • the method comprises the following steps: preparing a fire-retardant epoxy resin by using a film coating machine, then impregnating with an impregnation machine, extruding by a rubberizing roller, and preparing a prepreg from the rubber film and the reinforcing fiber.
  • the reinforcing fibers are selected from a combination of one or more of glass fibers, carbon fibers, quartz fibers or aramid fibers.
  • Step S107 As shown in FIG. 1, in this step, the prepreg is heated in a vacuum oven at 100-120 ° C for 0.5-1.5 h, 140-160 ° C for 1.5-2.5 h, and 170-190 ° C for 1.5-2.5 h. Curing at 190-210 ° C for 1.5-2.5 h gives a composite. (Increased the technical effect of this step, what is the technical effect of heating and curing first? What is the technical effect of continuously curing different lengths in three different temperature ranges?)
  • the methoxy diphenyl ether is continuously reacted with the molten phenol under the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid at 80-90 ° C. After the reaction is completed, excess phenol and small molecules are distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a pale yellow phenol. Hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether.
  • the flame retardant epoxy resin is first prepared by a film coating machine, then impregnated with an impregnation machine, and extruded by a rubberizing roller to prepare a prepreg from a film and carbon fiber.
  • the modified flame retardant epoxy resin remaining on the surface of the carbon fiber is removed, and finally wound up to obtain a modified flame retardant epoxy resin prepreg.
  • the prepreg was heated in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C for 0.5 h, at 140 ° C for 2.5 h, at 190 ° C for 2.5 h, and at 190 ° C for 1.5 h to obtain a composite.
  • the methoxy diphenyl ether is continuously reacted with the molten phenol under the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid at 80-90 ° C. After the reaction is completed, excess phenol and small molecules are distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a pale yellow phenol. Hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether.
  • the parts by weight weigh 50 parts of epoxy resin, compatibilizer polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester 5 parts, flame retardant tricresyl phosphate 15 parts, phenolic hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether 30 parts, and Mix well to obtain an epoxy resin mixture.
  • the flame retardant epoxy resin is first prepared by a film coating machine, then impregnated with an impregnation machine, and extruded by a rubberizing roller to prepare a prepreg from a film and a quartz fiber.
  • the modified flame retardant epoxy resin remaining on the surface of the quartz fiber is removed, and finally wound up to obtain a modified flame retardant epoxy resin prepreg.
  • the prepreg was heated in a vacuum oven at 120 ° C for 0.5 h, at 160 ° C for 1.5 h, at 170 ° C for 2.5 h, and at 210 ° C for 1.5 h to obtain a composite.
  • the methoxy diphenyl ether is continuously reacted with the molten phenol under the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid at 80-90 ° C. After the reaction is completed, excess phenol and small molecules are distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a pale yellow phenol. Hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether.
  • the parts by weight weigh 60 parts of epoxy resin, compatibilizer polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester 5 parts, flame retardant hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene 15 parts, phenolic hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether 20 parts and mix well to obtain an epoxy resin mixture.
  • the flame retardant epoxy resin is first prepared by a film coating machine, then impregnated with an impregnation machine, and extruded by a rubberizing roller to prepare a prepreg from the rubber film and the aramid fiber.
  • the modified flame retardant epoxy resin remaining on the surface of the aramid fiber is removed, and finally, the modified flame retardant epoxy resin prepreg is obtained.
  • the prepreg was heated in a vacuum oven at 120 ° C for 0.5 h, at 160 ° C for 1.5 h, at 170 ° C for 2.5 h, and at 190 ° C for 1.5 h to obtain a composite.
  • the methoxy diphenyl ether is continuously reacted with the molten phenol under the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid at 80-90 ° C. After the reaction is completed, excess phenol and small molecules are distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a pale yellow phenol. Hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether.
  • epoxy resin According to the parts by weight, weighed 40 parts of epoxy resin, 2 parts of compatibilizer fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 12 parts of flame retardant hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene, 20 parts of phenolic hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether, and Mix well to obtain an epoxy resin mixture.
  • Epoxy resin According to the parts by weight, 50 parts of the epoxy resin mixture and 10 parts of the aqueous polyisocyanate curing agent (VP LS 2240 of Bayer, Germany) were weighed, uniformly dispersed in acetone by ultrasonication, and acetone was evaporated to obtain flame retardant.
  • Epoxy resin 50 parts of the epoxy resin mixture and 10 parts of the aqueous polyisocyanate curing agent (VP LS 2240 of Bayer, Germany) were weighed, uniformly dispersed in acetone by ultrasonication, and acetone was evaporated to obtain flame retardant.
  • Epoxy resin 50 parts by weight, 50 parts of the epoxy resin mixture and 10 parts of the aqueous polyisocyanate curing agent (VP LS 2240 of Bayer, Germany) were weighed, uniformly dispersed in acetone by ultrasonication, and acetone was evaporated to obtain flame retardant.
  • Epoxy resin 50 parts by weight, 50 parts of the epoxy resin mixture and 10 parts of the aque
  • the flame retardant epoxy resin is first prepared by a film coating machine, then impregnated with an impregnation machine, and extruded by a rubberizing roller to prepare a prepreg from the film and the glass fiber.
  • the modified flame retardant epoxy resin remaining on the surface of the glass fiber is removed, and finally wound up to obtain a modified flame retardant epoxy resin prepreg.
  • the prepreg was heated in a vacuum oven at 110 ° C for 1 h, at 150 ° C for 2 h, at 180 ° C for 2 h, and at 200 ° C for 2 h to obtain a composite.
  • the methoxy diphenyl ether is continuously reacted with the molten phenol under the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid at 80-90 ° C. After the reaction is completed, excess phenol and small molecules are distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a pale yellow phenol. Hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether.
  • epoxy resin According to the parts by weight, weighed 45 parts of epoxy resin, compatibilizer polyglycerol fatty acid ester 8 parts, flame retardant hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene 18 parts, phenolic hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether 35 parts, and mixed Uniformly, an epoxy resin mixture was obtained.
  • the flame retardant epoxy resin is first prepared by a film coating machine, then impregnated with an impregnation machine, and extruded by a rubberizing roller to prepare a prepreg from the film and the glass fiber.
  • the modified flame retardant epoxy resin remaining on the surface of the glass fiber is removed, and finally wound up to obtain a modified flame retardant epoxy resin prepreg.
  • the prepreg was heated in a vacuum oven at 110 ° C for 1.5 h, at 150 ° C for 2.5 h, at 180 ° C for 1.5 h, and at 200 ° C for 2.5 h to obtain a composite.
  • the methoxy diphenyl ether is continuously reacted with the molten phenol under the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid at 80-90 ° C. After the reaction is completed, excess phenol and small molecules are distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a pale yellow phenol. Hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether.
  • the parts by weight weigh 50 parts of epoxy resin, 3 parts of compatibilizer polyglycerol fatty acid ester, 13 parts of flame retardant melamine polyphosphate, 28 parts of phenolic hydroxyl modified polyphenylene ether, and mix well to obtain ring Oxygen resin mixture.
  • the flame retardant epoxy resin is first prepared by a film coating machine, then impregnated with an impregnation machine, and extruded by a rubberizing roller to prepare a prepreg from the film and the glass fiber.
  • the modified flame retardant epoxy resin remaining on the surface of the glass fiber is removed, and finally wound up to obtain a modified flame retardant epoxy resin prepreg.
  • the prepreg is heated in a vacuum oven at 100-120 ° C for 0.5-1.5 h, 140-160 ° C for 1.5-2.5 h, 170-190 ° C for 1.5-2.5 h, and 190-210 ° C for 1.5-2.5 h to obtain a composite. .
  • the composites prepared in Examples 1-6 were tested for performance. Among them, the mechanical properties of the modified composite material were tested according to the test standard GB/T2567, and the flame retardant performance test was carried out in accordance with the test standard specified in UL-94.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种预浸料、由该预浸料制备得到的复合材料及其它们的制备方法和应用。预浸料的制备方法包括：按照重量份数，称取40-60份环氧树脂、增容剂2-8份、阻燃剂12-18份、酚羟基改性聚苯醚20-40份，并混合均匀，得到环氧树脂混合物；按照重量份数，称取环氧树脂混合物50-80份，固化剂10-40份，均匀分散于溶剂中，蒸发掉溶剂，得到阻燃环氧树脂；由阻燃环氧树脂和增强纤维制备得到预浸料。本发明所制备的改性树脂具有优异的耐冲击性能和阻燃性能，所制备的预浸料和复合材料可以应用于飞机内部非金属材料、舰船饰面材料以及建筑用材等诸多领域。

Description

一种预浸料、复合材料及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种预浸料，更具体地，涉及一种预浸料、由该预浸料制备得到的复合材料及其它们的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
先进复合材料常用树脂体系有酚醛、环氧、双马和氰酸酯树脂等，其中环氧树脂具有优异的粘接性能、耐磨性能、电绝缘性能、化学稳定性能。然而环氧树脂也具有容易燃烧，力学性能尤其是冲击性能差的缺点。环氧树脂基玻璃纤维复合材料具有成本低廉、加工时体积收缩率小等突出优点，在建筑、交通运输、体育器材、电子电器、航空康天等领域应用广泛。预浸料是复合材料制备过程的中间材料，其质量的优劣直接影响到最终制品复合材料的质量。基于环保要求，目前提高环氧基预浸料阻燃性能的方法是在环氧树脂中添加添加型或者反应型的阻燃剂。
现有技术中，只是重点关注材料的阻燃性能或是力学性能，且并没有考虑如何提高材料的综合性能，此外，由于阻燃剂添加量较大，且与基体的相容性较差导致材料的力学性能降低，从而限制了阻燃复合材料的应用范围。
发明内容
针对现有技术中阻燃复合材料的阻燃性能或力学性能不能兼顾的缺陷，本发明提供了一种预浸料及其制备方法。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种预浸料的制备方法，包括：按照重量份数，称取40-60份环氧树脂、增容剂2-8份、阻燃剂12-18份、酚羟基改性聚苯醚20-40份，并混合均匀，得到环氧树脂混合物；按照重量份数，称取所述环氧树脂混合物50-80份，固化剂10-40份，均匀分散于溶剂 中，蒸发掉溶剂，得到阻燃环氧树脂；由所述阻燃环氧树脂和增强纤维制备得到预浸料。
在上述制备方法中，所述酚羟基改性聚苯醚的制备方法包括：使甲醛、甲醇和二苯醚在浓硫酸催化下，在70-80℃下发生反应，制得甲氧基二苯醚；使所述甲氧基二苯醚与苯酚在对甲苯磺酸催化下，在80-90℃下发生反应，制得所述酚羟基改性聚苯醚。
在上述制备方法中，所述增容剂选自脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯醚、聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、聚甘油脂肪酸酯中的一种或多种的组合。
在上述制备方法中，所述阻燃剂选自六苯氧基环三磷腈、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、聚磷酸胺、磷酸三甲苯酯中的一种或多种的组合，所述固化剂为水性聚异氰酸酯固化剂。
在上述制备方法中，所述溶剂选自甲醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇中的一种或多种的组合。
在上述制备方法中，由所述阻燃环氧树脂和增强纤维制备得到预浸料的步骤进一步包括：将所述阻燃环氧树脂先采用涂膜机制备得到胶膜，然后采用含浸机含浸，通过挤胶辊挤压处理，由所述胶膜和所述增强纤维制备得到预浸料。
在上述制备方法中，所述增强纤维选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维或芳纶纤维中的一种或多种的组合。
在上述制备方法中，通过超声的方式将所述环氧树脂混合物、所述固化剂均匀分散于丙酮中。
根据本发明的第二方面，还提供了一种由上述制备方法制备得到的预浸料。
根据本发明的第三方面，还提供了一种复合材料的制备方法，包括：将上述制备方法制得的预浸料在真空烘箱100-120℃加热0.5-1.5h，140-160℃固化1.5-2.5h，170-190℃固化1.5-2.5h，190-210℃固化1.5-2.5h，得到复合材料。
根据本发明的第四方面，还提供了一种由上述制备方法制得的复合材 料。
根据本发明的第五方面，还提供了上述预浸料和上述复合材料在飞机内部非金属材料、舰船饰面材料以及建筑用材中的应用。
聚苯醚与环氧树脂相容性差，且聚苯醚流动性差，导致共混时不能与环氧树脂均匀共混，且混合树脂粘度太大，无法用于制备预浸料。本发明通过合成末端带有酚羟基基团的聚苯醚，且控制聚苯醚的分子量，使聚苯醚具有合适的粘度和流动性，在通过溶液共混和超声的方法将环氧树脂和改性聚苯醚混合均匀。本发明通过添加阻燃剂和酚羟基改性聚苯醚，将酚羟基改性聚苯醚接枝到环氧树脂分子链中，同时提高了环氧树脂的阻燃性能和冲击性能。
本发明针对环氧树脂基预浸料容易燃烧，且固化后环氧树脂交联密度大，导致韧性较差的缺点，添加结构型阻燃剂和改性聚苯醚，同时提高了玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的冲击性能和阻燃性能。
本发明所制备的改性树脂具有优异的耐冲击性能和阻燃性能，所制备的预浸料和复合材料可以应用于飞机内部非金属材料、舰船饰面材料以及建筑用材等诸多领域。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1示出了根据本发明的一些实施例的预浸料和复合材料的制备方法的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的 前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。此外，在本发明中，相同的参考标号表示相同的部件。
本发明提供的预浸料和复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S101：如图1所示，在该步骤中，按照重量份数，称取40-60份环氧树脂、增容剂2-8份、阻燃剂12-18份、酚羟基改性聚苯醚20-40份，并混合均匀，得到环氧树脂混合物；其中，酚羟基改性聚苯醚的制备方法包括：使甲醛、甲醇和二苯醚在浓硫酸催化下，在85-90℃下发生反应，制得甲氧基二苯醚；使甲氧基二苯醚与苯酚在对甲苯磺酸催化下，在80-90℃下发生反应，制得酚羟基改性聚苯醚。增容剂选自脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯醚、聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、聚甘油脂肪酸酯中的一种或多种的组合。阻燃剂选自六苯氧基环三磷腈、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、聚磷酸胺、磷酸三甲苯酯中的一种或多种的组合，优选地，选自六苯氧基环三磷腈，所述固化剂为水性聚异氰酸酯固化剂。
步骤S103：如图1所示，在该步骤中，按照重量份数，称取环氧树脂混合物50-80份，固化剂10-40份，均匀分散于溶剂中，蒸发掉溶剂，得到阻燃环氧树脂。溶剂选自甲醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇中的一种或多种的组合。优选地，以超声的方式，将环氧树脂混合物50-80份，固化剂10-40份，均匀分散于丙酮中。
步骤S105：如图1所示，在该步骤中，由阻燃环氧树脂和增强纤维制备得到预浸料。具体地，包括：将阻燃环氧树脂先采用涂膜机制备得到胶膜，然后采用含浸机含浸，通过挤胶辊挤压处理，由胶膜和增强纤维制备得到预浸料。增强纤维选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维或芳纶纤维中的一种或多种的组合。
步骤S107：如图1所示，在该步骤中，将预浸料在真空烘箱100-120℃加热0.5-1.5h，140-160℃固化1.5-2.5h，170-190℃固化1.5-2.5h，190-210℃固化1.5-2.5h，得到复合材料。(增加这个步骤的技术效果，先加热后固化的技术效果是什么？然后在三段不同温度范围内连续固化不同的时长的技术效果是什么？)
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例1
(1)酚羟基改性聚苯醚的制备过程：
将甲醛、浓硫酸、甲醇和熔融的二苯醚依次加入三口烧瓶中，加热至70-80℃，使其发生反应，待反应结束后，减压蒸馏得到淡黄色粘稠液体-甲氧基二苯醚。
使甲氧基二苯醚继续与熔融的苯酚在对甲苯磺酸的催化作用下于80-90℃发生反应，待反应结束后，减压蒸馏除去多余的苯酚和小分子，得到淡黄色的酚羟基改性聚苯醚。
(2)阻燃环氧树脂的制备过程：
按照重量份数，称取40份环氧树脂、增容剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯醚5份、阻燃剂聚磷酸胺15份、酚羟基改性聚苯醚40份，并混合均匀，得到环氧树脂混合物。
按照重量份数，称取环氧树脂混合物60份，水性聚异氰酸酯固化剂(德国拜耳公司的VP LS 2240)40份，以超声的方式将其均匀分散于甲醇中，蒸发掉甲醇，得到阻燃环氧树脂。
(3)预浸料的制备：
将阻燃环氧树脂先采用涂膜机制备得到胶膜，然后采用含浸机含浸，通过挤胶辊挤压处理，由胶膜和碳纤维制备预浸料。除去碳纤维表面残余的改性阻燃环氧树脂，最后收卷，得到改性阻燃环氧树脂预浸料。
(4)复合材料的制备：
将预浸料在真空烘箱100℃加热0.5h，140℃固化2.5h，190℃固化2.5h，190℃固化1.5h，得到复合材料。
实施例2
(1)酚羟基改性聚苯醚的制备过程：
将甲醛、浓硫酸、甲醇和熔融的二苯醚依次加入三口烧瓶中，加热至70-80℃，使其发生反应，待反应结束后，减压蒸馏得到淡黄色粘稠液体-甲氧基二苯醚。
使甲氧基二苯醚继续与熔融的苯酚在对甲苯磺酸的催化作用下于80-90℃发生反应，待反应结束后，减压蒸馏除去多余的苯酚和小分子，得到淡黄色的酚羟基改性聚苯醚。
(2)阻燃环氧树脂的制备过程：
按照重量份数，称取50份环氧树脂、增容剂聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯5份、阻燃剂磷酸三甲苯酯15份、酚羟基改性聚苯醚30份，并混合均匀，得到环氧树脂混合物。
按照重量份数，称取环氧树脂混合物60份，水性聚异氰酸酯固化剂(德国拜耳公司的VP LS 2240)40份，以超声的方式将其均匀分散于乙酸乙酯中，蒸发掉乙酸乙酯，得到阻燃环氧树脂。
(3)预浸料的制备：
将阻燃环氧树脂先采用涂膜机制备得到胶膜，然后采用含浸机含浸，通过挤胶辊挤压处理，由胶膜和石英纤维制备预浸料。除去石英纤维表面残余的改性阻燃环氧树脂，最后收卷，得到改性阻燃环氧树脂预浸料。
(4)复合材料的制备：
将预浸料在真空烘箱120℃加热0.5h，160℃固化1.5h，170℃固化2.5h，210℃固化1.5h，得到复合材料。
实施例3
(1)酚羟基改性聚苯醚的制备过程：
将甲醛、浓硫酸、甲醇和熔融的二苯醚依次加入三口烧瓶中，加热至70-80℃，使其发生反应，待反应结束后，减压蒸馏得到淡黄色粘稠液体-甲氧基二苯醚。
使甲氧基二苯醚继续与熔融的苯酚在对甲苯磺酸的催化作用下于80-90℃发生反应，待反应结束后，减压蒸馏除去多余的苯酚和小分子，得到淡黄色的酚羟基改性聚苯醚。
(2)阻燃环氧树脂的制备过程：
按照重量份数，称取60份环氧树脂、增容剂聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯5份、阻燃剂六苯氧基环三磷腈15份、酚羟基改性聚苯醚20份，并 混合均匀，得到环氧树脂混合物。
按照重量份数，称取环氧树脂混合物60份，水性聚异氰酸酯固化剂(德国拜耳公司的VP LS 2240)40份，以超声的方式将其均匀分散于丙酮中，蒸发掉丙酮，得到阻燃环氧树脂。
(3)预浸料的制备：
将阻燃环氧树脂先采用涂膜机制备得到胶膜，然后采用含浸机含浸，通过挤胶辊挤压处理，由胶膜和芳纶纤维制备预浸料。除去芳纶纤维表面残余的改性阻燃环氧树脂，最后收卷，得到改性阻燃环氧树脂预浸料。
(4)复合材料的制备：
将预浸料在真空烘箱120℃加热0.5h，160℃固化1.5h，170℃固化2.5h，190℃固化1.5h，得到复合材料。
实施例4
(1)酚羟基改性聚苯醚的制备过程：
将甲醛、浓硫酸、甲醇和熔融的二苯醚依次加入三口烧瓶中，加热至70-80℃，使其发生反应，待反应结束后，减压蒸馏得到淡黄色粘稠液体-甲氧基二苯醚。
使甲氧基二苯醚继续与熔融的苯酚在对甲苯磺酸的催化作用下于80-90℃发生反应，待反应结束后，减压蒸馏除去多余的苯酚和小分子，得到淡黄色的酚羟基改性聚苯醚。
(2)阻燃环氧树脂的制备过程：
按照重量份数，称取40份环氧树脂、增容剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚2份、阻燃剂六苯氧基环三磷腈12份、酚羟基改性聚苯醚20份，并混合均匀，得到环氧树脂混合物。
按照重量份数，称取环氧树脂混合物50份，水性聚异氰酸酯固化剂(德国拜耳公司的VP LS 2240)10份，以超声的方式将其均匀分散于丙酮中，蒸发掉丙酮，得到阻燃环氧树脂。
(3)预浸料的制备：
将阻燃环氧树脂先采用涂膜机制备得到胶膜，然后采用含浸机含浸， 通过挤胶辊挤压处理，由胶膜和增玻璃纤维制备预浸料。除去玻璃纤维表面残余的改性阻燃环氧树脂，最后收卷，得到改性阻燃环氧树脂预浸料。
(4)复合材料的制备：
将预浸料在真空烘箱110℃加热1h，150℃固化2h，180℃固化2h，200℃固化2h，得到复合材料。
实施例5
(1)酚羟基改性聚苯醚的制备过程：
将甲醛、浓硫酸、甲醇和熔融的二苯醚依次加入三口烧瓶中，加热至70-80℃，使其发生反应，待反应结束后，减压蒸馏得到淡黄色粘稠液体-甲氧基二苯醚。
使甲氧基二苯醚继续与熔融的苯酚在对甲苯磺酸的催化作用下于80-90℃发生反应，待反应结束后，减压蒸馏除去多余的苯酚和小分子，得到淡黄色的酚羟基改性聚苯醚。
(2)阻燃环氧树脂的制备过程：
按照重量份数，称取45份环氧树脂、增容剂聚甘油脂肪酸酯8份、阻燃剂六苯氧基环三磷腈18份、酚羟基改性聚苯醚35份，并混合均匀，得到环氧树脂混合物。
按照重量份数，称取环氧树脂混合物70份，水性聚异氰酸酯固化剂(德国拜耳公司的VP LS 2240)20份，以超声的方式将其均匀分散于丙二醇中，蒸发掉丙二醇，得到阻燃环氧树脂。
(3)预浸料的制备：
将阻燃环氧树脂先采用涂膜机制备得到胶膜，然后采用含浸机含浸，通过挤胶辊挤压处理，由胶膜和玻璃纤维制备预浸料。除去玻璃纤维表面残余的改性阻燃环氧树脂，最后收卷，得到改性阻燃环氧树脂预浸料。
(4)复合材料的制备：
将预浸料在真空烘箱110℃加热1.5h，150℃固化2.5h，180℃固化1.5h，200℃固化2.5h，得到复合材料。
实施例6
(1)酚羟基改性聚苯醚的制备过程：
将甲醛、浓硫酸、甲醇和熔融的二苯醚依次加入三口烧瓶中，加热至70-80℃，使其发生反应，待反应结束后，减压蒸馏得到淡黄色粘稠液体-甲氧基二苯醚。
使甲氧基二苯醚继续与熔融的苯酚在对甲苯磺酸的催化作用下于80-90℃发生反应，待反应结束后，减压蒸馏除去多余的苯酚和小分子，得到淡黄色的酚羟基改性聚苯醚。
(2)阻燃环氧树脂的制备过程：
按照重量份数，称取50份环氧树脂、增容剂聚甘油脂肪酸酯3份、阻燃剂三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐13份、酚羟基改性聚苯醚28份，并混合均匀，得到环氧树脂混合物。
按照重量份数，称取环氧树脂混合物75份，水性聚异氰酸酯固化剂(德国拜耳公司的VP LS 2240)35份，以超声的方式将其均匀分散于丙酮中，蒸发掉丙酮，得到阻燃环氧树脂。
(3)预浸料的制备：
将阻燃环氧树脂先采用涂膜机制备得到胶膜，然后采用含浸机含浸，通过挤胶辊挤压处理，由胶膜和玻璃纤维制备预浸料。除去玻璃纤维表面残余的改性阻燃环氧树脂，最后收卷，得到改性阻燃环氧树脂预浸料。
(4)复合材料的制备：
将预浸料在真空烘箱100-120℃加热0.5-1.5h，140-160℃固化1.5-2.5h，170-190℃固化1.5-2.5h，190-210℃固化1.5-2.5h，得到复合材料。
性能测试：
对实施例1-6制备得到的复合材料进行性能测试。其中，按照测试标准GB/T2567测试改性后复合材料的力学性能，按照UL-94规定的测试标准进行阻燃性能测试。
测试结果如表1所示：
表1
Figure PCTCN2018083697-appb-000001
由上述结果可知，本发明实施例提供的一种预浸料、由该预浸料制备得到的复合材料具有优异的阻燃性能和抗冲击性能。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种预浸料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：
    按照重量份数，称取40-60份环氧树脂、增容剂2-8份、阻燃剂12-18份、酚羟基改性聚苯醚20-40份，并混合均匀，得到环氧树脂混合物；
    按照重量份数，称取所述环氧树脂混合物50-80份，固化剂10-40份，均匀分散于溶剂中，蒸发掉溶剂，得到阻燃环氧树脂；
    由所述阻燃环氧树脂和增强纤维制备得到预浸料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述酚羟基改性聚苯醚的制备方法包括：
    使甲醛、甲醇和二苯醚在浓硫酸催化下，在70-80℃下发生反应，制得甲氧基二苯醚；
    使所述甲氧基二苯醚与苯酚在对甲苯磺酸催化下，在80-90℃下发生反应，制得所述酚羟基改性聚苯醚。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述增容剂选自脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯醚、聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、聚甘油脂肪酸酯中的一种或多种的组合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂选自六苯氧基环三磷腈、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、聚磷酸胺、磷酸三甲苯酯中的一种或多种的组合，所述固化剂为水性聚异氰酸酯固化剂。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，由所述阻燃环氧树脂和增强纤维制备得到预浸料的步骤进一步包括：
    将所述阻燃环氧树脂先采用涂膜机制备得到胶膜，然后采用含浸机含浸，通过挤胶辊挤压处理，由所述胶膜和所述增强纤维制备得到预浸料。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述增强纤维选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维或芳纶纤维中的一种或多种的组合。
  7. 一种根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的预浸料。
  8. 一种复合材料的制备方法，包括：将权利要求1-6中任一项所述的制备方法制得的预浸料在真空烘箱100-120℃加热0.5-1.5h，140-160℃固化 1.5-2.5h，170-190℃固化1.5-2.5h，190-210℃固化1.5-2.5h，得到复合材料。
  9. 一种通过权利要求8所述的制备方法制得的复合材料。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的预浸料和根据权利要求9所述的复合材料在飞机内部非金属材料、舰船饰面材料以及建筑用材中的应用。
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