TWI651360B - 碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物、樹脂片、預浸體、碳纖維強化複合材料 - Google Patents
碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物、樹脂片、預浸體、碳纖維強化複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI651360B TWI651360B TW104124883A TW104124883A TWI651360B TW I651360 B TWI651360 B TW I651360B TW 104124883 A TW104124883 A TW 104124883A TW 104124883 A TW104124883 A TW 104124883A TW I651360 B TWI651360 B TW I651360B
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- epoxy resin
- carbon fiber
- composite material
- reinforced composite
- fiber reinforced
- Prior art date
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/32—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
Abstract
本發明之目的在於提供一種碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物、及使用該樹脂組成物之優異之預浸體、樹脂片、碳纖維強化複合材料,該碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物可提供於用作碳纖維強化複合材料之環氧樹脂組成物時,其硬化物顯示出高耐熱性、尺寸穩定性以及高韌性、剛性之碳纖維強化複合材料。本發明之碳纖維複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物係以下述通式(1)所表示之環氧樹脂及硬化劑為必須成分。
(式中,(a)(b)之比率為(a)/(b)=1~3;G表示環氧丙基;n為重複數,為0~5)
Description
本發明係關於一種適合碳纖維強化複合材料之環氧樹脂組成物、及使用其之樹脂片、預浸體、使其硬化而成之碳纖維強化複合材料。
環氧樹脂係利用各種硬化劑進行硬化,藉此成為通常機械性質、耐水性、耐化學品性、耐熱性、電性等優異之硬化物,而用於接著劑、塗料、積層板、成形材料、澆鑄材料等廣泛領域。該等中,尤其是於纖維強化複合材料之領域中,以環氧樹脂及硬化劑作為基質樹脂,含浸於強化纖維進行硬化,藉此可賦予輕量化、高強度化等特性,因此於航空器結構用構件、風車之葉片、汽車外板及IC托盤或筆記型電腦之殼體(外殼)等電腦用途等廣泛展開,且其需求正逐年增加。
近年來,如上述般,碳纖維強化複合材料(CFRP)之應用範圍變大,而開始用於各種形狀之成型體。於該情形時,必須將單一之基材、或複數種基材進行貼合,藉此將上述複雜之形狀進行成型。
假定上述成型體係於汽車或飛機等溫度環境嚴酷之環境下使用,而容易出現根據其CFRP之厚度或形狀,由與碳纖維之線膨脹量之差引起之變
形。具體而言,例如於厚度較厚之部分與厚度較薄之部分中,線膨脹量不同而相互進行拉伸,因此內部之應力變得容易蓄積。因此,產生龜裂或與碳纖維之剝離等問題。
又,通常,如CFRP之強化纖維塑膠係其纖維與硬化基質樹脂之線膨脹係數之差大,尤其是於碳纖維之情形時,線膨脹為負,由溫度循環引起之線膨脹應變變大。
根據上述情況,為了使樹脂本身之線膨脹變化儘可能小,且可承受該應力,而要求強度、強韌性高之基質樹脂。
先前,已知有以具有聯苯骨架之苯酚酚醛清漆(phenol novolac)樹脂及藉由使其環氧化而獲得之苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、及硬化劑為必須成分之電子零件密封用環氧樹脂組成物(例如,專利文獻1)。然而,於該專利文獻1中,雖記載有電子零件密封用環氧組成物之耐熱性、難燃性優異之情況,但關於降低線膨脹特性之具體之樹脂組成,並無任何記載,且關於碳纖維強化複合材料用途之有用性,亦無記載。
專利文獻1:日本特開2013-43958號公報
本發明之課題在於鑒於上述先前技術之問題點,而提供一種碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物、及使用該樹脂組成物之優異之預浸體、樹脂片、碳纖維強化複合材料,上述碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物可提供於用作碳纖維強化複合材料之環氧樹脂組成物時,其硬化
物顯示出高耐熱性、尺寸穩定性、及高韌性、剛性之碳纖維強化複合材料。
本發明人等對上述課題進行努力研究,結果發現,含有具有特定結構之苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂與硬化劑之環氧樹脂組成物為作為可提供高耐熱性且低線膨脹性優異之樹脂硬化物之纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物優異者,從而完成本發明。
即,本發明提供:(1)一種碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物,其以下述通式(1)所表示之環氧樹脂及硬化劑為必須成分,
(式中,(a)(b)之比率為(a)/(b)=1~3;G表示環氧丙基;n為重複數,為0~5);(2)如上述(1)所記載之碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物,其中,上述硬化劑為胺系硬化劑;(3)如上述(1)或(2)所記載之碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物,其進而含有其他環氧樹脂;(4)一種樹脂片,其使用上述(1)至(3)中任一項所記載之碳纖維
強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物;(5)一種預浸體,其係使上述(1)至(3)中任一項所記載之碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物,或上述(4)所記載之樹脂片含浸於碳纖維而成;(6)一種碳纖維強化複合材料,其係使上述(5)所記載之預浸體進行硬化而成。
根據本發明,可提供一種碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物、使用其之樹脂片、預浸體、碳纖維強化複合材料,上述碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物之硬化物顯現低線膨脹係數(優異之尺寸穩定性)、高耐熱性以及高韌性、剛性。
圖1係藉由實施例5而獲得之碳纖維強化複合材料之TMA線圖。
圖2係藉由比較例3而獲得之碳纖維強化複合材料之TMA線圖。
對本發明之碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物進行說明。
本發明之碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物(以下,稱為「本發明之環氧樹脂組成物」)含有下述通式(1)所表示之環氧樹脂作為必須成
分。
(式中,(a)(b)之比率為(a)/(b)=1~3;G表示環氧丙基;n為重複數,為0~5)。
本發明中所使用之由式(1)表示之環氧樹脂,可利用日本特開2011-252037號公報、日本特開2008-156553號公報、日本特開2013-043958公報、國際公開WO2012/053522、WO2007/007827所記載之方法進行合成,但若具有上述式(1)之結構,則亦可使用任意方法。
其中,於本發明中,尤其是使用上述式(a)與上述式(b)之比例為(a)/(b)=1~3者。若(a)之結構多,則耐熱性提高,但相應地不僅吸水特性變差,而且變脆變硬。因此,設為上述範圍內之多官能化率。
所使用之環氧樹脂之軟化點(環球法)較佳為50~150℃,進而較佳為52~100℃,尤佳為52~95℃。若為50℃以下,則有黏膩性強烈,操作困難而於生產性方面產生問題之情形。又,於150℃以上之情形時,為接近成型溫度之溫度,而有無法確保成型時之流動性之虞,故而欠佳。
所使用之環氧樹脂之環氧當量較佳為180~350g/eq.。尤佳為190~300g/eq.。於環氧當量低於180g/eq.之情形時,有官能基過多,因
此硬化後之硬化物之吸水率變高,又容易變脆之情形。於環氧當量超過350g/eq.之情形時,認為軟化點變得非常大,或者環氧化未澈底進行,而有氯量變得非常多之虞,故而欠佳。
再者,本發明中所使用之環氧樹脂之氯量以總氯(水解法)計較佳為200~1500ppm,尤佳為成為200~900ppm。根據JPCA之標準,期望即便為環氧單體,氯量亦不超過900ppm。進而若氯量較多,則有相應地影響電氣可靠性之虞,故而欠佳。於氯量低於200ppm之情形時,有必須過度之純化步驟,而於生產性方面產生問題之傾向,故而欠佳。
再者,本發明中所使用之環氧樹脂於150℃之熔融黏度較佳為0.05~5Pa.s,尤佳為0.05~2.0Pa.s。若黏度較高,則有流動性產生問題,而加壓時之流暢性或嵌入性產生問題之虞。於黏度低於0.05Pa.s之情形時,有分子量過小,因此耐熱性不足之情形。
上述式(1)中(a)與(b)之比率為(a)/(b)=1~3。即,特徵在於一半以上為間苯二酚結構之環氧丙基醚體。本比率對結晶之析出及耐熱性之提高是重要的,較佳為(a)/(b)超過1。又,藉由(a)/(b)為3以下而限制間苯二酚結構之環氧丙基醚體之量,藉此可改善吸水率與強韌性。
上述式(1)中,n為重複單位,為0~5。藉由n不超過5而控制製成預浸體或樹脂片時之流暢性或流動性。於n超過5之情形時,不僅流動性產生問題,而且於溶劑中之溶解性亦產生問題。
本發明中所使用之環氧樹脂於溶劑中之溶解性變得重要。於併用具有相同骨架之聯苯芳烷基型之環氧樹脂之情形時,關於該等樹脂,亦需要對
甲基乙基酮或甲苯、丙二醇單甲醚等溶劑中之溶解性。
尤其是於甲基乙基酮中之溶解性重要,且要求於5℃、室溫等下2個月以上不會析出結晶。與上述(a)/(b)之比率亦有相關關係,若(a)值大,則結晶變得容易析出,因此重要的是(a)/(b)為1以上。
作為本發明之環氧樹脂組成物中可使用之硬化劑,例如可列舉:胺系硬化劑、酸酐系硬化劑、醯胺系硬化劑及酚系硬化劑等。其中,胺系硬化劑可平衡性良好地兼顧環氧樹脂組成物之低線膨脹與樹脂硬化物之耐熱性,故而較佳。
作為本發明中較佳含有之胺系硬化劑,可列舉:二胺基二苯基甲烷、二胺基二苯基碸、異佛酮二胺、萘二胺、苯胺酚醛清漆、正乙基苯胺酚醛清漆、藉由苯胺與α,α’-二氯二甲苯之反應而獲得之苯胺樹脂、藉由苯胺與取代聯苯類(4,4'-雙(氯甲基)-1,1'-聯苯及4,4'-雙(甲氧基甲基)-1,1'-聯苯等)、或者取代苯基類(1,4-雙(氯甲基)苯、1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯及1,4-雙(羥甲基)苯等)等之縮聚而獲得之苯胺樹脂等,但並不限定於該等。
尤其是就強韌性與耐熱性之方面而言,較佳為芳香族胺化合物,其中,關於3,3'-二胺基二苯基碸、4,4'-二胺基二苯基碸、苯胺酚醛清漆、正乙基苯胺酚醛清漆、藉由苯胺與α,α’-二氯二甲苯之反應而獲得之苯胺樹脂、藉由苯胺與取代聯苯類(4,4'-雙(氯甲基)-1,1'-聯苯及4,4'-雙(甲氧基甲基)-1,1'-聯苯等)、或者取代苯基類(1,4-雙(氯甲基)苯、1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯及1,4-雙(羥甲基)苯等)等之縮聚而獲得之苯胺樹脂,就對其彎曲或應力之強度較高,因其交聯密度而可提高高溫下之彈性模數,且使作為CFRP之強度提高之方面而言亦較佳,進而就耐熱性之方面而言較佳。
又,可列舉其他可含有之硬化劑之例。
作為酸酐系硬化劑,可列舉:鄰苯二甲酸酐、偏苯三甲酸酐、均苯四甲酸二酐、馬來酸酐、四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、甲基耐地酸酐、六氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、甲基六氫鄰苯二甲酸酐等。
作為醯胺系硬化劑,可列舉:由二氰二胺、或次亞麻油酸之二聚物與乙二胺所合成之聚醯胺樹脂等。
作為酚系硬化劑,可列舉:多酚類(雙酚A、雙酚F、雙酚S、茀雙酚、萜二酚、4,4'-二羥基聯苯、2,2'-二羥基聯苯、3,3',5,5'-四甲基-(1,1'-聯苯基)-4,4'-二醇、對苯二酚、間苯二酚、萘二醇、三(4-羥基苯基)甲烷及1,1,2,2-四(4-羥基苯基)乙烷等);藉由酚類(例如,苯酚、烷基取代苯酚、萘酚、烷基取代萘酚、二羥基苯、二羥基萘等)、與醛類(甲醛、乙醛、苯甲醛、對羥基苯甲醛及糠醛等)、酮類(對羥基苯乙酮及鄰羥基苯乙酮等)、或二烯類(二環戊二烯及三環戊二烯等)之縮合而獲得之酚樹脂;藉由上述酚類、與取代聯苯類(4,4'-雙(氯甲基)-1,1'-聯苯及4,4'-雙(甲氧基甲基)-1,1'-聯苯等)、或取代苯基類(1,4-雙(氯甲基)苯、1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯及1,4-雙(羥甲基)苯等)等之縮聚而獲得之酚樹脂;上述酚類及/或上述酚樹脂之改質物;四溴雙酚A及溴化酚樹脂等鹵化酚類。
作為其他咪唑硬化劑,可列舉:BF3-胺錯合物、胍衍生物等。
本發明之環氧樹脂組成物中,關於硬化劑之使用量,相對於環氧樹脂之環氧基1當量,較佳為0.7~1.2當量。於相對於環氧基1當量未滿0.7當量之情形時,或者超過1.2當量之情形時,均有硬化不完全而無法獲得良好之硬化物性之虞。
又,本發明之環氧樹脂組成物中,亦可視需要摻合硬化促進劑。亦可藉由使用硬化促進劑而調整凝膠化時間。作為可使用之硬化促進劑之例,可列舉:2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑等咪唑類;2-(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚、1,8-二氮雜雙環[5,4,0]十一碳烯-7等三級胺類;三苯基膦等膦類;辛酸亞錫等金屬化合物。關於硬化促進劑,相對於環氧樹脂100重量份,可視需要使用0.01~5.0重量份。
本發明之環氧樹脂組成物中,上述通式(1)所表示之環氧樹脂可單獨使用,亦可摻合其他環氧樹脂而以二種以上進行併用。作為可與通式(1)之環氧樹脂併用之其他環氧樹脂之具體例,可列舉:酚類(苯酚、烷基取代苯酚、芳香族取代苯酚、萘酚、烷基取代萘酚、二羥基苯、烷基取代二羥基苯、二羥基萘等)與各種醛(甲醛、乙醛、烷基醛、苯甲醛、烷基取代苯甲醛、羥基苯甲醛、萘甲醛、戊二醛、鄰苯二甲醛、巴豆醛、桂皮醛等)之縮聚物;酚類與各種二烯化合物(二環戊二烯、萜烯類、乙烯基環己烯、降莰二烯、乙烯基降莰烯、四氫茚、二乙烯基苯、二乙烯基聯苯、二異丙烯基聯苯、丁二烯、異戊二烯等)之聚合物;酚類與酮類(丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、苯乙酮、二苯甲酮等)之縮聚物;藉由酚類與取代聯苯類(4,4'-雙(氯甲基)-1,1'-聯苯及4,4'-雙(甲氧基甲基)-1,1'-聯苯等)、或取代苯基類(1,4-雙(氯甲基)苯、1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯及1,4-雙(羥甲基)苯等)等之縮聚而獲得之酚樹脂;使雙酚類與各種醛之縮聚物、醇類等進行環氧丙基化而成之環氧丙基醚系環氧樹脂;以4-乙烯基-1-環己烯二環氧化物或3,4-環氧環己基甲基-3,4'-環氧環己烷羧酸酯等為代表之脂環式環氧樹脂;以四環氧丙基二胺基二苯基甲烷(TGDDM)或三環氧丙基-
對胺基苯酚等為代表之環氧丙基胺系環氧樹脂;縮水甘油酯系環氧樹脂等。若為通常使用之環氧樹脂,則並不限定於該等。
於與其他環氧樹脂進行併用之情形時,上述通式(1)之環氧樹脂占全部環氧樹脂中之比例較佳為30重量%以上,尤佳為40重量%以上。若上述通式(1)之環氧樹脂之比例少於30重量%,則有無法獲得高耐熱性、尺寸穩定性、強韌性、耐水性等物性之情形。
本發明之環氧樹脂組成物中,可視需要進而摻合公知之添加劑。作為可使用之添加劑之具體例,可列舉:聚丁二烯及其改質物、丙烯腈共聚物之改質物、聚苯醚、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚醯亞胺、氟樹脂、馬來亞醯胺系化合物、氰酸酯系化合物、聚矽氧凝膠、聚矽氧油、以及二氧化矽、氧化鋁、碳酸鈣、石英粉、鋁粉末、石墨、滑石、黏土、氧化鐵、氧化鈦、氮化鋁、石棉、雲母、玻璃粉末等無機填充材、矽烷偶合劑等填充材之表面處理劑、脫模劑、碳黑、酞菁藍、酞菁綠等著色劑。
又,本發明之環氧樹脂組成物中,可視需要摻合公知之馬來亞醯胺系化合物。作為可使用之馬來亞醯胺化合物之具體例,可列舉:4,4'-二苯基甲烷雙馬來亞醯胺、聚苯甲烷馬來亞醯胺、間伸苯基雙馬來亞醯胺、2,2'-雙[4-(4-馬來亞醯胺苯氧基)苯基]丙烷、3,3'-二甲基-5,5'-二乙基-4,4'-二苯基甲烷雙馬來亞醯胺、4-甲基-1,3-伸苯基雙馬來亞醯胺、4,4'-二苯醚雙馬來亞醯胺、4,4'-二苯基碸雙馬來亞醯胺、1,3-雙(3-馬來亞醯胺苯氧基)苯、1,3-雙(4-馬來亞醯胺苯氧基)苯等,但並不限定於該等。該等可單獨使用,亦可併用2種以上。摻合馬來亞醯胺系化合物時,視需要摻合硬化促進劑,但可使用上述硬化促進劑、或有機化氧化物、偶氮化合物等自由基聚合起始
劑等。
可向本發明之環氧樹脂組成物添加有機溶劑而製成清漆狀之組成物(以下,簡稱為清漆)。作為所使用之溶劑,例如可列舉:γ-丁內酯類、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N,N-二甲基咪唑啶酮等醯胺系溶劑;四亞甲基碸等碸類;二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、丙二醇、丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單甲醚單乙酸酯、丙二醇單丁醚等醚系溶劑;甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、環戊酮、環己酮等酮系溶劑;甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族系溶劑。溶劑係於所獲得之清漆中之除溶劑以外之固形分濃度成為通常10~80重量%、較佳為20~70重量%之範圍內使用。
對本發明之樹脂片、預浸體、碳纖維強化複合材料進行說明。
亦可將本發明之環氧樹脂組成物塗佈於支持基材之單面或兩面而用作樹脂片。作為塗佈方法,例如可列舉:藉由澆鑄法、泵或擠出機等而將樹脂自噴嘴或模嘴擠出,並利用刀片調整厚度之方法;藉由輥進行壓光加工並調整厚度之方法;使用噴霧器等進行噴霧之方法等。再者,於形成層之步驟中,亦可一面於可避免環氧樹脂組成物之熱分解之溫度範圍內進行加熱一面進行層形成。又,亦可視需要實施壓延處理、研磨處理等。作為支持基材,例如可列舉:由紙、布、不織布等所構成之多孔質基材、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚酯膜等塑膠膜或片、網狀物、發泡體、金屬箔、及該等之層壓體等適當之葉狀體等,但並不限定於該等。支持基材之厚度並無特別限制,視用途而適當決定。
將本發明之環氧樹脂組成物及/或樹脂片進行加熱熔融,進行低黏度化,使之含浸於纖維基材,藉此可獲得本發明之預浸體。
又,使清漆狀之環氧樹脂組成物含浸於纖維基材並進行加熱乾燥,藉此可獲得本發明之預浸體。將上述預浸體剪裁為所需之形狀並進行積層後,一面利用加壓成形法或高壓釜成形法、扁線繞組成形法等對積層物施加壓力,一面使環氧樹脂組成物進行加熱硬化,藉此可獲得本發明之碳纖維強化複合材料。又,亦可於預浸體之積層時積層銅箔或有機膜。
進而,關於本發明之碳纖維強化複合材料之成形方法,除上述方法外,亦可利用公知之方法進行成形而獲得。例如亦可使用如下樹脂轉注成形技術(RTM法):將碳纖維基材(通常使用碳纖維梭織物)進行剪裁、積層、賦形而製作預型體(含浸樹脂前之預成形體),將預型體配置於成形模具內,將模具密封,注入樹脂並使之含浸於預型體,進行硬化後,打開模具,取出成形品。
又,亦可使用作為RTM法之一種之例如VaRTM法、SCRIMP(Seeman's Composite Resin Infusion Molding Process)法、日本特表2005-527410記載之CAPRI(Controlled Atmospheric Pressure Resin Infusion)法等,該CAPRI法係將樹脂供給槽自大氣壓進行排氣直至較低之壓力,使用循環壓縮,且控制有用之成形壓力,藉此更適當地控制樹脂注入製程、尤其是VaRTM法。
進而,亦可使用如下方法:以樹脂片(膜)夾持纖維基材之膜堆疊法;或為了提高含浸而使粉末狀之樹脂附著於強化纖維基材之方法;於使樹脂混合於纖維基材之過程中使用流動層或流體漿料法之成形方法(Powder Impregnated Yarn);使樹脂纖維混纖於纖維基材之方法。
作為碳纖維,可列舉:丙烯酸系、瀝青系、嫘縈系等碳纖維,其中,可較佳地使用拉伸強度較高之丙烯酸系之碳纖維。亦可將該等纖維2
種以上進行混合而使用。作為碳纖維之形態,並無特別限定,例如可使用向一方向拉齊之長纖維、絲束、梭織物、纖維氈、編織物、編帶、短切成未滿10mm之長度之短纖維等。此處所謂長纖維,係指實質上10mm以上連續之短纖維或纖維束。又,所謂短纖維,係指切割成未滿10mm之長度之纖維束。尤其是於要求比強度、比彈性模數高之用途中,將纖維束向單一方向拉齊之排列最適合,但操作容易之交叉(梭織物)狀之排列亦適合。
以下列舉合成例及實施例,對本發明之特徵進一步具體地進行說明。關於以下所示之材料、處理內容、處理順序等,只要不偏離本發明之主旨則可適當變更。因此,本發明之範圍並非應受以下所示之具體例限定性地加以解釋者。又,將實施例3換作成參考例1。
‧環氧當量
藉由JIS K-7236所記載之方法進行測定,單位為g/eq.。
‧軟化點
藉由依據JIS K-7234之方法進行測定,單位為℃。
合成例1
於安裝有溫度計、冷卻管、攪拌機之燒瓶中添加苯酚316份、間苯二酚158份,升溫至100℃後,歷時2小時分批添加4,4'-雙氯甲基聯苯201份,於相同溫度下進而反應5小時。其後,升溫至160℃,使4,4'-雙氯甲基聯苯全部反應。其間,利用鹼捕獲所產生之HCl並將其蒸餾去除。反應結束後,使用旋轉蒸發器,於180℃且於減壓下將未反應苯酚及未反應間苯二酚蒸餾去除,藉此獲得266份之酚樹脂(P-1)。所獲得之酚樹脂(P-1)之羥基當
量為137g/eq.,軟化點為94℃,ICI黏度為470mPa.s,二酚導入比例為64%。
合成例2
於具備攪拌機、回流冷卻管、攪拌裝置之燒瓶中,一面實施氮氣沖洗,一面添加合成例1中所獲得之酚樹脂(P-1)266份、表氯醇719份、甲醇72份、水21份,並升溫至75℃。繼而,歷時90分鐘分批添加薄片狀之氫氧化鈉83份後,進而於75℃反應75分鐘。反應結束後進行水洗,使用旋轉蒸發器,於140℃且於減壓下,自有機層將過量之表氯醇等溶劑蒸餾去除。於殘留物添加甲基異丁基酮750份並進行溶解,升溫至75℃。於攪拌下添加30%氫氧化鈉水溶液52份並進行1小時反應後,進行水洗直至清洗水成為中性,使用旋轉蒸發器,於180℃且於減壓下,自所獲得之有機層將甲基異丁基酮等溶劑進行蒸餾去除,藉此獲得環氧樹脂(EP1)338份。所獲得之環氧樹脂(EP1)之環氧當量為209g/eq.,軟化點為71℃,150℃之黏度為370mPa.s,經2價環氧丙基取代之苯基之導入比例為68%。
實施例1、比較例1
使用合成例2中所獲得之環氧樹脂(EP1)、及比較用之環氧樹脂(EP2日本化藥製造 雙酚A型環氧樹脂RE-310S),利用與環氧樹脂相同量之甲基乙基酮,對相對於環氧樹脂以活性氫當量計為1當量之硬化劑、進而相對於環氧樹脂之重量為1phr之作為硬化促進劑之觸媒進行稀釋,並於室溫下進行混合後,使用100微米之敷料器塗佈於聚醯亞胺(Upilex)後,於120℃,一面通過氮氣一面利用熱風乾燥器進行乾燥5分鐘,分別獲得樹脂片。使用合成例2中所獲得之環氧樹脂(EP1)之本發明之樹脂片之膜厚為平均32μm,使用比較用之環氧樹脂之比較用樹脂片為半固體狀,而無法測定膜
厚。確認所獲得之本發明之樹脂片於硬化前可溶解於四氫呋喃。
實施例2、4、參考例1、比較例2
分別使用合成例2中所獲得之環氧樹脂(EP1)21份、及比較用之環氧樹脂(EP2日本化藥製造 雙酚A型環氧樹脂RE-310S)18份,使相對於環氧樹脂以活性氫當量計為1當量之硬化劑於鋁杯中於140℃進行熔融,並且同時進行攪拌而使之均勻,進而添加相對於環氧樹脂之重量為1phr之作為硬化促進劑之觸媒並進行攪拌,進行冷卻。藉此,獲得樹脂板。
將所獲得之樹脂板以裝入鋁杯中之狀態放入180℃之烘箱中,直接於180℃加熱10小時,而獲得本發明之環氧樹脂組成物之成型體與比較用之成型體(表2中之硬化劑H-1:明和化成工業(股份)製造之苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂)。自所獲得之樹脂板切出2mm×10mm×5mm之評價用樣品,利用下述項目及方法對其特性進行測定。將測定結果示於表1及表2。
‧耐熱性、尺寸穩定性(線膨脹變化率):TMA(熱機械測定裝置TA Instruments TMA-Q400EM升溫速度2℃/min)
‧彈性模數(DMA)
動態黏彈性測定器:TA-instruments,DMA-2980
測定溫度範圍:-30~280℃
升溫速度2℃/min
試片尺寸:使用切割為5mm×50mm者
Tg:將DMA測定中之Tan-δ之波峰點設為Tg
[表1]
自表1確認,於使用本發明之環氧樹脂組成物之情形時,與比較用環氧樹脂組成物相比,線膨脹變化較小,因此尺寸穩定性優異。
自表2確認,本發明之環氧樹脂組成物係即便與具有相同程度之活性氫當量之其他硬化劑相比,亦具有較高之耐熱性,且吸水率較低,進而高溫下之彈性模數較高之材料。
實施例5、比較例3
分別使用合成例2中所獲得之環氧樹脂(EP1)6.8份、及比較用之環氧樹脂(EP2日本化藥製造 雙酚A型環氧樹脂RE-310S)6.5份,使用相
對於環氧樹脂以活性氫當量計為1當量之硬化劑,且溶劑使用甲基乙基酮(MEK)6.7份,於鋁杯中進行攪拌,以樹脂濃度成為60重量%之方式製作均勻之樹脂清漆。使所製備之樹脂清漆含浸於厚度150μm、綿密度18根/inch之碳織布後,於表3之乾燥條件下使溶劑揮發而製作預浸體。繼而,於熱板加壓機中於175℃施加10kg之負荷10分鐘而使預浸體預硬化後,於160℃進行2小時後硬化處理,於180℃進行6小時後硬化處理,藉此獲得碳纖維強化複合材料(CFRP)。自所獲得之CFRP切出4mm×16mm見方之評價用樣品,利用下述方法對耐熱性進行測定。將測定結果示於表3。
‧耐熱性、尺寸穩定性(線膨脹變化率):TMA(熱機械測定裝置TA Instruments TMA-Q400EM升溫速度2℃/min)
自表3確認,將本發明之環氧樹脂組成物與碳纖維組合而製備之碳纖維強化複合材料(CFRP)與使用比較用環氧樹脂組成物而製備之CFRP相比,線膨脹變化較小,因此尺寸穩定性優異。
參照特定態樣對本發明詳細地進行了說明,但從業者明瞭可
在不偏離本發明之精神與範圍之情況下進行各種變更及修正。
再者,本申請案係基於2014年8月1日提出申請之日本專利申請案(日本專利特願2014-157631)及2015年1月29日提出申請之日本專利申請案(日本專利特願2015-14980),藉由引用而援用其全文。又,此處所引用之全部參照係將全文併入本文中。
產業上之可利用性
使用本發明之環氧樹脂組成物而製造之碳纖維強化複合材料係輕量,且對來自外部之衝擊具有優異之耐性,因此,可較佳地用於機身、主翼、尾翼、動葉、整流裝置、整流罩、艙門、座位及內飾材料等航空器構件;馬達外殼及主翼等太空船構件;主體及天線等人造衛星構件;外板、底盤、空氣力學構件及座位等汽車構件;主體及座位等軌道車輛構件;船體及座位等船舶構件等較多之構造材料。
Claims (5)
- 一種碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物,其以下述通式(1)所表示之環氧樹脂及胺系硬化劑為必須成分,相對於該環氧樹脂之環氧基1當量,該胺系硬化劑之使用量為0.7~1.2當量,
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物,其進而含有其他環氧樹脂。
- 一種樹脂片,其使用申請專利範圍第1或2項之碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物。
- 一種預浸體,其係使申請專利範圍第1或2之碳纖維強化複合材料用環氧樹脂組成物,或申請專利範圍第3項之樹脂片含浸於碳纖維而成。
- 一種碳纖維強化複合材料,其係使申請專利範圍第4項之預浸體進行硬化而成。
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CN106661194A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
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