CN112080110B - 一种可储存环氧树脂基卷材及其微波固化方法 - Google Patents
一种可储存环氧树脂基卷材及其微波固化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可储存环氧树脂基卷材及其微波固化方法,所述可储存环氧树脂基卷材由纤维布充分浸渍基体树脂得到的纤维预浸布多层密实整齐重叠,并在上下表面覆上隔离膜再卷曲后得到。本发明提供的可储存环氧树脂基卷材柔韧性好,卷材具有裁剪灵活性,便于设计,固化后具有优良的力学性能,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和层间剪切强度高,具有一定的增强及承重作用,并且储存稳定,因而还具有使用简单、固化迅速、应用灵活、施工简便、缩短施工时间并显著降低使用成本等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料技术领域,涉及一种可储存环氧树脂基卷材及其微波固化方法。
背景技术
纤维增强复合材料硬化后具有优异的综合性能,已广泛应用在结构工程材料领域中。目前,工艺简单、硬化较快的复合材料卷材多是以水硬性无机胶凝材料体系作为基体,再经纤维增强制备而成,但由于粉状基体存在遇水受潮和颠簸脱粉等问题,不仅增加了储存、运输及施工难度,而且缩短了产品的可使用寿命,使得这种无机体系基复合材料的应用受限。
现有技术中以环氧树脂为基体制备复合材料卷材存在基体浸润不均匀、卷材内部性能固化不均匀、存储性能不稳定等问题,因此,制备出一种在常温下能够长期储存、制备工艺简单、形状厚度等可根据需求随意设计,能够快速均匀固化成型的可储存环氧树脂基卷材具有重大的工业应用价值。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中存在的上述不足,提供一种储存期久、尺寸稳定性好、力学性能优良的可储存环氧树脂基卷材及其微波固化方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的技术方案是:
提供一种可储存环氧树脂基卷材,由纤维布充分浸渍基体树脂得到的纤维预浸布多层密实整齐重叠,并在上下表面覆上隔离膜再卷曲后得到。
按上述方案,所述纤维布为碳纤维,玄武岩纤维,芳纶纤维,玻璃纤维中的一种或几种纤维丝编织而成,单丝直径为3~24μm,克重为200~1000g/m2,网孔中心距为5~8mm,断裂应变(经、纬向)≤5%。纤维布赋予了卷材一定的柔性骨架作用,作为增强材料对基体树脂起到支撑同时也增强了固化后产物的力学性能。
按上述方案,纤维布充分浸渍基体树脂后基体树脂在单层纤维布上的涂覆量≥20g/m2。
按上述方案,所述基体树脂原料及质量份配比如下:环氧树脂80~150份,固化剂8~20份,偶联剂0.5~3.0份,消泡剂0.5~2.0份,填料50~200份。本发明的基体树脂与纤维布浸渍性好,并增强了纤维布层间粘结力,不易漏胶。
按上述方案,所述环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂E-44、E-51、E-55中的一种或几种的混合物,环氧值为0.41~0.56,纯度≥98%(质量百分比)。
按上述方案,所述固化剂为潜伏性固化剂,选自2-(β-二甲氨基乙氧基)-1,3,6,2-三硼杂八环,2-(β-二甲胺基乙氧基)-1,3,2-二/>硼杂六环,2-(β-二甲胺基乙氧基)-4-甲基-1,3,2-二/>硼杂六环中的一种或几种的混合物,纯度≥95%(质量百分比),胺值为80~200mgKOH/g。以潜伏性环氧树脂体系作为基体不仅储存稳定,而且能与纤维体紧密黏结,可以有效避免基体变质、易脱离等现象,并且固化后综合性能良好。
按上述方案,所述偶联剂为硅氧烷偶联剂,选自γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种的混合物,纯度≥97%,水解率≤1%。此处百分比均指质量百分比。
按上述方案,所述消泡剂为聚醚类消泡剂,有机硅消泡剂,聚硅氧烷消泡剂,聚醚改性硅消泡剂,硅聚醚消泡剂中的一种或几种混合物,固含量≥99%(质量百分比),pH值为5.5~8.5。
按上述方案,所述填料为超细硅微粉,超细碳酸钙粉,超细氧化铝粉,超细莫来石粉,超细云母粉,超细滑石粉中的一种或几种复掺的混合物,细度为2000~8000目,纯度≥99.5%,含水量≤0.5%。此处百分比均指质量百分比。
按上述方案,纤维预浸布重叠层数为5~15层。
优选的是,所述可储存环氧树脂基卷材单层厚度为10~20mm。
按上述方案,所述隔离膜为聚四氟乙烯薄膜,聚全氟乙丙烯薄膜,聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯薄膜中的一种,表面能为31~34达因,厚度为0.03~0.10mm,断裂伸长率≥30%,拉伸强度≥10MPa。
本发明还提供上述可储存环氧树脂基卷材的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
1)将基体树脂原料按比例混合,加热至40~70℃,搅拌均匀,然后保温进行抽真空脱泡处理得到基体树脂;
2)将步骤1)所得基体树脂升温至70~90℃,在基体树脂粘度低于1500mPa·s下将纤维布充分浸渍于基体树脂中,然后将所得纤维预浸布整齐重叠层铺,压实后刮平表面,并在表面附上隔离膜,经卷曲制备出可储存环氧树脂基卷材。
按上述方案,步骤1)抽真空脱泡处理工艺条件为:真空度为100~150Pa,脱泡时间为3~4h。
按上述方案,步骤2)纤维布在基体树脂中浸渍时间为3~4h。
本发明还包括上述可储存环氧树脂基卷材的微波固化方法,具体方法为:将所述可储存环氧树脂基卷材采用间歇式微波加热方法固化成型,首先在微波功率420~560W条件下加热,每加热90~120s,自然冷却30~60s为一个周期,加热6~10个周期,然后在微波功率560~700W条件下加热,每加热60~90s,自然冷却60~120s为一个周期,加热5~15个周期。
本发明还包括上述可储存环氧树脂基卷材固化后的纤维增强复合材料,采用上述微波固化方法固化。相较普通的加热固化方式,本申请采用微波固化方法能够使卷材内部固化均匀。
本发明还包括上述可储存环氧树脂基卷在建筑材料方面的应用。如作为结构材料、快速修补材料、工程防护材料应用于建筑工程中一些快速施工的结构部件、建筑结构表面修复补强以及需要短期完成的遮蔽防护结构件。实际施工中,将可储存环氧树脂基卷材按一定形状设计固定后,以微波辐射固化方式使其快速硬化成型,具有优异的力学性能。
本发明以多层浸渍有基体树脂的纤维布密实整齐重叠,并制成卷材,纤维布层叠后的厚度达10~20mm,制备的卷材通常厚度半径达到50cm,通过对基体树脂进行改进,并采用多层纤维布增强,使卷材具有易于设计、粘结强度高、机械性能好的优点,同时,结合优选的微波固化方式能够使卷材内部迅速均匀固化,并提高固化后材料整体性能。
本发明的有益效果在于:1、本发明提供的可储存环氧树脂基卷材柔韧性好,卷材具有裁剪灵活性,便于设计,固化后具有优良的力学性能,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和层间剪切强度高,具有一定的增强及承重作用,并且储存稳定(基体树脂固化温度达120℃以上,常温下储存性能稳定,储存期为90d与1d的可储存环氧树脂基卷材经固化后的固化物的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和层间剪切强度比≥95%),因而还具有使用简单、固化迅速、应用灵活、施工简便、缩短施工时间并显著降低使用成本等优点;2、本发明提供的可储存环氧树脂基卷材的制备方法工艺流程简便,制备成本低,易于产业化推广。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
本发明实施例所用环氧树脂环氧值为0.41~0.56,纯度≥98%;所用潜伏性固化剂纯度≥95%,胺值为80~200mgKOH/g;所用偶联剂纯度≥97%,水解率≤1%;所用消泡剂固含量≥99%,pH值为5.5~8.5;所用填料纯度≥99.5%,含水量≤0.5%;所用隔离膜表面能为31~34达因,厚度为0.03~0.10mm,断裂伸长率≥30%,拉伸强度≥10MPa。
实施例1
一种可储存环氧树脂基卷材,具体制备方法为:
1)按照重量份,称取环氧树脂E-51 100份,潜伏性固化剂2-(β-二甲氨基乙氧基)-1,3,6,2-三硼杂八环10份,γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷1.5份,道康宁DC-65有机硅消泡剂1份,超细硅微粉(3000目)100份,加入电动搅拌锅中加热至50℃,混合搅拌5分钟,得到潜伏性环氧树脂基体,将上述得到的基体保持温度在50℃下进行抽真空(真空度为100~150Pa)脱泡处理3h,得到低粘度(粘度1000mPa·s)且无气泡的潜伏性环氧树脂基体;
2)将所得潜伏性环氧树脂基体升温至75℃,然后将玻璃纤维布(无捻平纹无碱玻璃纤维布,单丝直径5μm,克重为400g/m2,网孔中心距为6mm,断裂应变3%)浸渍于潜伏性环氧树脂基体中,浸渍时间3h,之后取出浸有基体的玻璃纤维布,静置,刮平表面多余树脂(单层纤维布上基体的涂覆量为22g/m2),铺层10层(厚度15mm),经压实和修边后,覆上聚四氟乙烯薄膜,卷曲得到可储存环氧树脂基卷材。
将本实施例制备的卷材样品放入微波固化炉中,采用间歇式微波加热方法,按照如下两步进行固化:第一步在420W微波功率下加热,以每加热90s,自然冷却30s为一个周期,加热8个周期;第二步在630W微波功率下加热,以每加热75s,自然冷却90s为一个周期,加热5个周期,冷却完毕得到卷材固化物。
实施例2
一种可储存环氧树脂基卷材,具体制备方法为:
1)按照重量份,称取环氧树脂E-44和E-51各75份,潜伏性固化剂2-(β-二甲氨基乙氧基)-1,3,6,2-三硼杂八环15份,3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷1.5份,恒鑫牌X-299聚醚改性硅消泡剂2份,超细硅微粉(3000目)和超细碳酸钙粉(5000目)各75份,加入电动搅拌锅中加热至60℃,混合5分钟,得到潜伏性环氧树脂基体,将上述得到的基体保持温度在60℃下进行抽真空脱泡处理4h,得到低粘度(粘度960mPa·s)且无气泡的潜伏性环氧树脂基体;
2)将所得潜伏性环氧树脂基体升温至90℃,然后将玻璃纤维布(无捻平纹玄武岩纤维布,单丝直径为15μm,克重为600g/m2,网孔中心距为5mm,断裂应变≤3.5%)浸渍于潜伏性环氧树脂基体中,浸渍时间4h,之后取出浸有基体的玻璃纤维布,静置,刮平表面多余树脂(单层纤维布上基体的涂覆量为25g/m2),手工铺层12层(厚度约15mm),经压实和修边后,覆上聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯薄膜,卷曲得到可储存环氧树脂基卷材。
将本实施例制备的卷材样品放入微波反应器中采用间歇式微波加热方法,按照如下两步进行固化:第一步在560W微波功率下加热,以每加热95s,自然冷却45s为一个周期,加热6个周期;第二步,在700W微波功率下间歇加热,每加热90s,自然冷却120s为一个周期,加热8个周期,冷却完毕得到卷材固化物。
实施例3
一种可储存环氧树脂基卷材,具体制备方法为:
1)按照重量份,称取环氧树脂E-44和E-55各60份,潜伏性固化剂2-(β-二甲胺基乙氧基)-1,3,2-二硼杂六环、2-(β-二甲胺基乙氧基)-4-甲基-1,3,2-二/>硼杂六环各6份,3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷1.5份,瑞克曼RK-720F硅聚醚消泡剂1.5份,超细硅微粉(3000目)100份与超细云母粉(3000目)50份,加入电动搅拌锅中加热至45℃,混合10分钟,得到潜伏性环氧树脂基体,将上述得到的基体保持温度在45℃下,进行抽真空脱泡处理3h,得到低粘度(粘度1150mPa·s)且无气泡的潜伏性环氧树脂基体。
2)将所得潜伏性环氧树脂基体升温至80℃,然后将玻璃纤维布(无捻平纹芳纶纤维布,单丝直径为10μm,克重为400g/m2,网孔中心距为6mm,断裂应变5%)浸渍于潜伏性环氧树脂基体中,浸渍时间3.5h,之后取出浸有基体的玻璃纤维布,静置,刮平表面多余树脂(单层纤维布上基体的涂覆量为23g/m2),手工铺层10层(厚度约15mm),经压实和修边后,覆上聚全氟乙丙烯薄膜,卷曲得到可储存环氧树脂基卷材。
将本实施例制备的卷材样品放入微波反应器中采用间歇式微波加热方法,按照如下两步进行固化:第一步在420W微波功率下加热,以每加热120s,自然冷却60s为一个周期,加热6个周期;第二步在700W微波功率下间歇加热,每加热90s,自然冷却90s为一个周期,加热5个周期,冷却完毕得到卷材固化物。
对比例1
一种可储存环氧树脂基卷材,具体制备方法为:
1)按照重量份,称取环氧树脂E-51 100份,潜伏性固化剂2-(β-二甲氨基乙氧基)-1,3,6,2-三硼杂八环10份,γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷1.5份,道康宁DC-65有机硅消泡剂1份,超细硅微粉(3000目)100份,加入电动搅拌锅中加热至50℃,混合搅拌5分钟,得到潜伏性环氧树脂基体,将上述得到的基体保持温度在50℃下进行抽真空(真空度为100~150Pa)脱泡处理3h,得到低粘度(粘度约为1000mPa·s)且无气泡的潜伏性环氧树脂基体;
2)将所得潜伏性环氧树脂基体升温至75℃,然后将玻璃纤维布(无捻平纹无碱玻璃纤维布,单丝直径5μm,克重为400g/m2,网孔中心距为6mm,断裂应变3%)浸渍于潜伏性环氧树脂基体中,浸渍时间3h,之后取出浸有基体的玻璃纤维布,静置,刮平表面多余树脂(单层纤维布上基体的涂覆量为22g/m2),铺层10层(厚度15mm),经压实和修边后,覆上聚四氟乙烯薄膜,卷曲得到可储存环氧树脂基卷材。
将本对比例制备的卷材样品放入微波固化炉中,采用微波加热方式对卷材进行固化,固化工艺为在420W微波功率下持续加热12min,然后在630W微波功率下持续加热375s,冷却完毕得到卷材固化物。
为了检测实施例1-3以及对比例1制备的可储存环氧树脂基卷材的储存稳定性和微波固化物的力学性能,按照GB/T 3354-2014、GB/T 3356-2014和GB/T 1450.1-2005分别测试储存期分别为1d、30d、60d、90d的卷材经固化后固化物在室温下的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和层间剪切强度。测试结果如下表1所示:
表1
上表1结果表明:通过对比实施例1-3与对比例1的测试结果可知,间歇式微波加热方法下卷材固化后的力学性能较持续微波加热方法下有所提升。另外可知,该可储存环氧树脂基卷材的固化物性能随着卷材储存期的增加呈现出先提升后下降的趋势,这是由于随着储存时间延长,基体与纤维之间的浸润更加充分、粘结更加紧密,提升了固化物力学性能,而后,随着储存期增加,基体内部发生了部分固化,相当于一部分基体变质,所以固化物表现出力学强度有一定的下降。总体上看,该可储存环氧树脂基卷材在储存90d后经微波快速固化后,固化物的力学强度较1d时基本保持不变,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和层间剪切强度比≥95%,具有良好的储存稳定性,能充分满足工程结构应用中储存期久及固化性能好的需求,并能实现简化工艺与节省成本的目标。
需要说明的是,上述仅仅是本发明的部分实施例,并非用来限定本发明的保护范围,在上述实施例的基础上做出的任意组合或等同变换均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种可储存环氧树脂基卷材的微波固化方法,所述可储存环氧树脂基卷材由纤维布充分浸渍基体树脂得到的纤维预浸布多层密实整齐重叠,并在上下表面覆上隔离膜再卷曲后得到,其特征在于,所述基体树脂原料及质量份配比如下:环氧树脂80~150份,固化剂8~20份,偶联剂0.5~3.0份,消泡剂0.5~2.0份,填料50~200份;
所述环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂E-44、E-51、E-55中的一种或几种的混合物,环氧值为0.41~0.56,纯度≥98%;
所述固化剂为潜伏性固化剂,选自2-(β-二甲氨基乙氧基)-1,3,6,2-三噁硼杂八环,2-(β-二甲胺基乙氧基)-1,3,2-二噁硼杂六环,2-(β-二甲胺基乙氧基)-4-甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼杂六环中的一种或几种的混合物,纯度≥95%,胺值为80~200mgKOH/g;
所述偶联剂为硅氧烷偶联剂,选自γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种的混合物,纯度≥97%,水解率≤1%;
所述消泡剂为聚醚类消泡剂,有机硅消泡剂,聚硅氧烷消泡剂,聚醚改性硅消泡剂,硅聚醚消泡剂中的一种或几种混合物,固含量≥99%,pH值为5.5~8.5;
所述填料为超细硅微粉,超细碳酸钙粉,超细氧化铝粉,超细莫来石粉,超细云母粉,超细滑石粉中的一种或几种复掺的混合物,细度为2000~8000目,纯度≥99.5%,含水量≤0.5%;
具体微波固化方法为:将所述可储存环氧树脂基卷材采用间歇式微波加热方法固化成型,首先在微波功率420~560W条件下加热,每加热90~120s,自然冷却30~60s为一个周期,加热6~10个周期,然后在微波功率560~700W条件下加热,每加热60~90s,自然冷却60~120s为一个周期,加热5~15个周期。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可储存环氧树脂基卷材的微波固化方法,其特征在于,所述纤维布为碳纤维,玄武岩纤维,芳纶纤维,玻璃纤维中的一种或几种纤维丝编织而成,单丝直径为3~24μm,克重为200~1000g/m2,网孔中心距为5~8mm,断裂应变≤5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可储存环氧树脂基卷材的微波固化方法,其特征在于,纤维布充分浸渍基体树脂后基体树脂在单层纤维布上的涂覆量≥20g/m2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可储存环氧树脂基卷材的微波固化方法,其特征在于,纤维预浸布重叠层数为5~15层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可储存环氧树脂基卷材的微波固化方法,其特征在于,所述隔离膜为聚四氟乙烯薄膜,聚全氟乙丙烯薄膜,聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯薄膜中的一种,表面能为31~34达因,厚度为0.03~0.10mm,断裂伸长率≥30%,拉伸强度≥10MPa。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可储存环氧树脂基卷材的微波固化方法,其特征在于,所述可储存环氧树脂基卷材的制备方法具体步骤如下:
1)将基体树脂原料按比例混合,加热至40~70℃,搅拌均匀,然后保温进行抽真空脱泡处理得到基体树脂;
2)将步骤1)所得基体树脂升温至70~90℃,在基体树脂粘度低于1500mPa·s下将纤维布充分浸渍于基体树脂中,然后将所得纤维预浸布整齐重叠层铺,压实后刮平表面,并在表面附上隔离膜,经卷曲制备出可储存环氧树脂基卷材。
7.一种可储存环氧树脂基卷材固化后的纤维增强复合材料,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-6任一项所述的微波固化方法固化。
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