WO2019102679A1 - Extrémité d'endoscope et endoscope - Google Patents

Extrémité d'endoscope et endoscope Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019102679A1
WO2019102679A1 PCT/JP2018/032645 JP2018032645W WO2019102679A1 WO 2019102679 A1 WO2019102679 A1 WO 2019102679A1 JP 2018032645 W JP2018032645 W JP 2018032645W WO 2019102679 A1 WO2019102679 A1 WO 2019102679A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
distal end
endoscope
fitting hole
tip
end hard
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2018/032645
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
匡浩 阿部
松田 英二
Original Assignee
オリンパス株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by オリンパス株式会社 filed Critical オリンパス株式会社
Priority to JP2019556106A priority Critical patent/JP6796215B2/ja
Publication of WO2019102679A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019102679A1/fr

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/24Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a distal end portion of an endoscope and an endoscope provided in an insertion portion of the endoscope.
  • an endoscope capable of observing a body cavity by inserting an elongated insertion portion into the body cavity is widely used.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2009-285305 discloses an endoscope in which a tapered distal end portion is provided at the distal end of the insertion portion for facilitating insertion of the insertion portion into a narrow and narrow lumen such as the urethra. ing.
  • a technique for facilitating insertion of the insertion portion into a narrow and narrow lumen to facilitate insertion of the insertion portion of the endoscope into a narrow and narrow lumen such as the urethra is disclosed. It is disclosed.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a distal end portion of an endoscope and an endoscope which can further reduce the diameter of the insertion portion and improve the insertability. There is.
  • a distal end portion of an endoscope according to one aspect of the present invention is a distal end hard portion, and a first fitting hole having a hole portion formed in the distal end hard portion and having a substantially rectangular cross section into which the imaging unit is fitted.
  • a second fitting hole formed in the distal end hard portion adjacent to a long side of the hole of the first fitting hole, into which a connection pipe to which a treatment instrument insertion channel is connected is fitted;
  • the outer surface has an inclined surface formed in the circumferential direction, and a covering member has a bottom surface formed by adhering the covering member in a thread-wound manner and continuing to the inclined surface in the circumferential direction of the outer surface. And a step formed.
  • the endoscope according to one aspect of the present invention includes a first rigid hole, a first fitting hole formed in the rigid distal portion, and a hole having a substantially rectangular cross section into which the imaging unit is fitted; A second fitting hole formed in the distal end hard portion so as to be adjacent to the long side of the hole of the first fitting hole and into which a connection pipe to which a treatment instrument insertion channel is connected is fitted; 1, a flat surface formed on the outer surface of the distal end hard portion in parallel with the long side of the fitting hole, two curved surfaces formed continuously in the circumferential direction of the outer surface, and the two curved surfaces An inclined surface formed in the circumferential direction of the outer surface continuously, and a covering member having a bottom surface formed in the circumferential direction of the outer surface continuously formed by thread-wound bonding, and the distal end hard portion A distal end portion including a step portion formed in the inner diameter direction is provided at the insertion portion.
  • the perspective view showing the composition of the endoscope of this embodiment The same, the perspective view which shows the structure of the front-end
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the endoscope
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the tip of the endoscope
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross section showing the configuration of the tip
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the distal end hard portion as viewed from the rear
  • FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view showing the configuration of the distal end hard portion
  • FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view showing the configuration of the distal end portion.
  • an endoscope according to the present embodiment will be described below.
  • the bronchoscope is described as an example, but the technology described below can be applied to various endoscopes such as a digestive system and a surgical system.
  • the endoscope 1 is mainly configured by an insertion portion 2, an operation portion 3, a universal cord 4, an endoscope connector 5 and the like.
  • the insertion portion 2 is formed in an elongated shape, and the tip portion 6, the bending portion 7 which is an endoscope bending portion, and the flexible tube portion 8 are sequentially provided in order from the tip side, and the flexibility as a whole is obtained. Have.
  • the distal end portion 6 of the insertion portion 2 incorporates an imaging unit, which is an imaging device including an imaging element and the like inside, and an illumination optical system (both not shown) that radiates illumination light forward.
  • an imaging unit which is an imaging device including an imaging element and the like inside, and an illumination optical system (both not shown) that radiates illumination light forward.
  • the endoscope which can apply this invention, it is not limited to the above-mentioned example (an electronic endoscope provided with the imaging unit etc.), A form other than that, for example, an imaging unit is not provided.
  • a so-called fiberscope or the like in which the image guide fiber is disposed in the insertion portion 2 may be used.
  • the bending portion 7 receives a pivoting operation of the bending lever 13 for performing bending operation among the operation members provided in the operation portion 3 and follows the first direction and a second direction which is the opposite direction thereof.
  • it is configured to be able to actively bend in two directions of up and down (UP and DOWN).
  • the upper and lower sides (UP and DOWN) here are the up-down direction in the endoscopic image imaged by the imaging unit.
  • the flexible tube portion 8 is configured to have flexibility so as to be passively flexible.
  • the flexible tube portion 8 extends from the imaging unit built in the distal end portion 6 and extends to the inside of the universal cord 4 through the inside of the operation portion 3 Guides light emitted from a light source device (not shown) which is an external device to an illumination window (not shown) provided on the tip surface of tip 6 A lumen through which a light guide (not shown) is inserted is formed.
  • the light source may have a form in which a light emitter (for example, a light emitting diode (LED) or the like) is provided inside the operation unit.
  • a light emitter for example, a light emitting diode (LED) or the like
  • the light guide (not shown) is used to guide the light emitted from the LED in the operation unit to the illumination window of the tip portion 6.
  • a light emitter such as an LED may be provided in the inside of the distal end portion 6, for example, a portion near the base end of the illumination window. In this configuration, the light emitted from the LED is transmitted directly through the illumination window to illuminate the front of the tip 6.
  • the light guide (not shown) in the flexible tube portion 8 becomes unnecessary.
  • a power supply line or the like for causing the LED provided at the distal end portion 6 to emit light is inserted into the lumen in the flexible tube portion 8.
  • the operation unit 3 is a component unit connected to the proximal end of the insertion unit 2 and configured to have a plurality of operation members and the like.
  • the operation unit 3 includes a bending portion 9, a grip 10, a plurality of operation members (13, 14 and the like), a treatment tool insertion portion 11, a suction valve 15, and the like.
  • the folding prevention portion 9 is provided at a connection portion between the distal end portion of the operation portion 3 and the proximal end portion of the flexible tube portion 8, and covers the proximal end portion of the flexible tube portion 8 to obtain It is a protection member for preventing that the flexible tube part 8 is broken unnecessarily unnecessarily at the time of use.
  • the grip unit 10 is a housing unit that accommodates various constituent members inside.
  • the gripping portion 10 is continuously provided to the fold preventing portion 9.
  • the holding part 10 is a site
  • the plurality of operation members are members provided on the outer surface of the grip portion 10 for operating various functions of the endoscope 1.
  • the plurality of operation members for example, besides the bending lever 13 for performing the bending operation in the vertical direction of the bending portion 7, the operation member for performing the air / water / water operation or the suction operation, the imaging unit 35 (see FIG. 3), the illumination unit Etc. are the operation member 14 etc. for performing each corresponding operation.
  • the treatment instrument insertion portion 11 has a treatment instrument insertion port (not shown) into which various treatment instruments (not shown) are inserted, and the treatment instrument insertion which doubles as an air / water supply conduit and a suction conduit inside the operation unit 3 It is a component provided with a treatment instrument insertion path in communication with the channel 26 (see FIG. 3).
  • a forceps plug 12 which is a lid member for opening and closing the treatment tool insertion port and is configured to be removable (replaceable) from the treatment tool insertion portion 11 is disposed.
  • the suction valve 15 is a connecting portion for connecting a suction line to a suction device (not shown).
  • the universal cord 4 is a hollow tubular member that is flexible and extends from the operation unit 3.
  • the universal cord 4 is inserted from the distal end portion 6 of the insertion portion 2 through the inside of the insertion portion 2 and passes through the inside of the operation portion 3 and various signal lines and a light source device (not shown) which is an external device.
  • the light guide (not shown) and the air / water feeding tube from the air / water / water feeding device (not shown) which is an external device are a composite cable inserted inside.
  • the endoscope connector 5 is a connection member disposed at the tip of the universal cord 4 for securing connection with an external device.
  • the endoscope connector 5 has an electrical connector portion 16 at a side surface portion for connecting a signal cable for connection with a video processor (not shown) which is an external device.
  • the endoscope connector 5 is a light guide connector portion for connecting a light guide bundle for connecting with a light source device (not shown) which is an external device, and an electric cable (not shown) for collecting the various signal lines. And the like.
  • the distal end portion 6 is provided with a distal end hard portion 21 having a diameter of about 4.0 mm.
  • the distal end hard portion 21 has a so-called cannonball shape formed of a hard resin such as polysulfone, or a metal such as stainless steel.
  • the distal end surface 21a of the distal end hard portion 21 is provided with an observation window 22 having a diameter of about 1.0 mm for guiding the image light of the subject and two illumination windows 23 for emitting illumination light here. It is done. Further, an opening 24 is formed in the distal end hard portion 21.
  • the distal end hard portion 21 has a proximal end portion covered with a curved rubber 31 which is a tube-shaped covering member, and the distal end portion of the curved rubber 31 is fixed by a thread wound bonding portion 32.
  • a metal pipe 27 is provided on the inner periphery of the curved rubber 31.
  • connection tube 25 to which the treatment instrument insertion channel 26 is connected the imaging unit 35 in which the imaging cable 36 is extended, and an illumination optical system (not shown) are arranged.
  • the filler 28 is filled and solidified in an adhesive or the like.
  • connection pipe 25 is fitted to the distal end hard portion 21 so as to communicate with the opening 24. That is, the opening 24 constitutes an opening of the treatment instrument insertion channel 26.
  • the opening portion 24 has an inclined portion 20 whose opening surface is obliquely formed at a predetermined angle toward the rear side with respect to the distal end surface 21 a of the distal end hard portion 21.
  • the endoscope for a bronchus 1 as in the present embodiment has the inclined part 20 on the distal end hard part 21 so that the insertion part 2 is inserted into the bronchus which extends from the trachea to a wide variety of bronchial tubes. It is provided, and the shape of the tip portion 6 is substantially shell-shaped.
  • the distal end portion 6 of the insertion portion 2 can be easily introduced into a thin bronchus when the distal end hard portion 21 has the inclined portion 20 which is inclined at an acute angle with respect to the distal end surface 21 a.
  • the tip portion 6 is provided with the opening 24 in the inclined portion 20, if the angle of the inclined portion 20 is made too acute, the suction performance is significantly deteriorated.
  • the inclined portion 20 of the distal end hard portion 21 of the present embodiment has a distance a from the distal end surface 21 a to the outer peripheral portion in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the insertion portion 2 and the longitudinal direction of the insertion portion 2 from the distal end surface 21 a.
  • the relationship of depth b along is set.
  • the distance a is set between 1.2 mm and 2.235 mm
  • the depth b is It is set between 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm.
  • the inclined portion 20 when the distance a is 1.2 mm, the inclined portion 20 is formed with a depth b of 1.0 mm (0.83 times a) to 2.0 mm (1.67 times a), and the distance When a is 2.235 mm, the inclined portion 20 having a depth b of 1.0 mm (0.45 times a) is formed. In addition, for example, when the distance a is 1.8 mm, the inclined portion 20 having a depth b of 1.0 mm (0.56 times a) to 1.5 mm (0. 83 times a) is formed. As described above, the inclined portion 20 is set so that the range of the depth b becomes smaller as the distance a becomes longer.
  • the depth b is set in the range of 0.45 times to 1.67 times the distance a.
  • the opening 24 of the inclined portion 20 of the distal end hard portion 21 is perpendicular to the distance a in the vertical surface direction along the distal end surface 21 a of the distal end hard portion 21 from the distal end surface 21 a to the distal end surface 21 a.
  • the depth b in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the surface direction is inclined at a predetermined angle set in the range of 0.45 times to 1.67 times.
  • the distal end hard portion 21 of the present embodiment has a first fitting hole 51 which is an internals placement portion into which the imaging unit 35 is fitted, and a treatment instrument insertion channel 26.
  • the first fitting hole 51 for the imaging unit 35 has a cylindrical hole portion at the tip end in accordance with the shape of the lens unit, and the proximal end is substantially in accordance with the shape of the imaging device, imaging substrate, etc. It is a square pillar shaped hole.
  • the distal end hard portion 21 is a substantially rectangular hole of the first fitting hole 51 in which the imaging unit 35 is disposed in the middle of the outer surface which is a portion to which the curved rubber 31 is adhered by the thread winding adhesive portion 32.
  • a flat surface 41 is formed along the long side of the portion, and a smooth curved surface 41 a is formed along the outer peripheral direction from both ends of the flat portion 41.
  • the distal end hard portion 21 is formed with a sloped surface 42 which is a flat slope continuous with the curved surface 41a, and the groove portion 43 as a stepped portion formed stepwise in the inner diameter direction continuously with the sloped surface 42 It is formed in the direction. Further, at the base end of the groove portion 43, an outward flange 44 for retaining the tip end portion of the thread-wound bonded curved rubber 31 is formed.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram in which the image by the imaging unit 35 is aligned in the vertical and horizontal directions.
  • the second fitting hole 52 which is a hole communicating with the treatment instrument insertion channel 26, has a short rectangular direction (a width W of the first fitting hole 51 in which the imaging unit 35 is disposed). Are arranged adjacent to the long side along the direction. That is, the first fitting hole 51 has a long side with a long height H and a short width W in accordance with the cross-sectional shape of the substantially rectangular portion where the rear portion is provided with the imaging device of the imaging unit 35 and the imaging substrate.
  • the hole has a substantially rectangular cross section having a short side.
  • the arrangement of the first fitting hole 51 and the second fitting hole 52 is set such that the distal end hard portion 21 has the smallest possible outer shape.
  • the distal end hard portion 21 of the distal end portion 6 configured as described above has two curved surfaces 41 a at both ends of the flat surface 41 so as to have necessary strength from the first fitting hole 51 in which the imaging unit 35 is disposed.
  • the diameter d1 which is smaller in the vertical direction than the diameter D which is a substantially perfect circular cross-section indicated by a dashed dotted line as in the prior art d1) and the left and right direction can be made smaller in diameter d2 (D> d2).
  • the distal end hard portion 21 can have an outer shape smaller than that of the prior art.
  • the portion of the distal end portion 6 in which the distal end hard portion 21 is covered with the curved rubber 31 also has a diameter D1 as shown in FIG.
  • the vertical direction can be made smaller in diameter d3 (D1> d3), and the lateral direction can be made smaller in diameter d4 (D1> d4).
  • the outer shape of the distal end portion 6 can be made smaller, and the diameter of the curved portion 7 and the flexible tube portion 8 continuously provided to the distal end portion 6 can be reduced, and the entire diameter of the insertion portion 2 is small. It becomes the endoscope 1 which can be Thereby, the insertability of the endoscope 1 is improved by the smaller diameter insertion portion 2.
  • the outer diameter of the distal end portion is easily increased by providing the inclined portion 20 in the distal end hard portion 21.
  • the outer diameter of the distal end hard portion 21 can be further reduced. Therefore, the improvement of the insertability by the reduction of the diameter is added to the improvement of the insertability by the provision of the inclined portion 20, and the insertability is extremely improved.
  • the distal end portion 6 has the groove portion 43 at the location of the thread wound bonding portion 32 to which the distal end hard portion 21 adheres the curved rubber 31, so that the position where the curved rubber 31 is adhered can be clarified and has the outward flange 44. It is also possible to prevent the curved rubber 31 from coming off.
  • the tip end portion 6 is in close contact with the curved rubber 31 by the tip hard portion 21 covered with the curved rubber 31 making the two inclined surfaces 42 smoothly continuous on both ends of the plane 41 via the curved surface 41 a.
  • the structure is secured sufficiently to maintain watertightness.
  • the tip surface 21 a is shifted to the rear side with respect to the planar shape. It is necessary to provide a thread wound bonding portion 32 for fixing the curved rubber 31 at a position rearward of the obliquely formed portion.
  • the thread-wound bonding portion 32 is provided on the outer periphery of a portion where the imaging device of the imaging unit 35, which is a built-in object of the distal end hard portion 21, the imaging substrate, and the like.
  • the region where the imaging device, the imaging substrate, etc. is provided in this imaging unit 35 is the thickest portion, so when the distal end hard portion 21 has a perfect circular shape as in the prior art, it is difficult to reduce the diameter of the distal end portion 6 there were.
  • the imaging unit 35 By making the distal end hard portion 21 into a cross-sectional different shape in accordance with the shape of the unit 35, the diameter can be reduced.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the distal end rigid portion of the first modified example.
  • the distal end hard portion 21 may have two inclined surfaces 42 formed as smooth and continuous surfaces on both ends of the plane 41 via the curved surfaces 41 a as convex surfaces.
  • the distal end portion 6 has a structure in which adhesion with the curved rubber 31 is enhanced and watertightness is maintained.
  • the two inclined surfaces 42 of the distal end hard portion 21 may be formed into a concave curved surface.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the distal end rigid portion of the second modified example. As shown in FIG. 9, the distal end hard portion 21 is also true to the second fitting hole 52 on the side of the second fitting hole 52 to which the connection tube 25 to which the treatment instrument insertion channel 26 is connected is fitted.
  • the outer surface may have a smooth continuous inclined surface 42, which is a modified shape having a circular arc surface.
  • the distal end hard portion 21 can further reduce the diameter of the distal end portion 6 by making the outer peripheral portion of the second fitting hole 52 communicating with the treatment instrument insertion channel 26 different, and the treatment instrument insertion channel Even if the diameter of the tip end 26 is increased, the upsizing of the tip 6 can be suppressed. As a result, the degree of freedom in the dimension of the treatment instrument insertion channel 26 is improved while suppressing an increase in the outer shape of the distal end portion 6.
  • the invention described in the above embodiment is not limited to those embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage.
  • the above embodiments include inventions of various stages, and various inventions can be extracted by an appropriate combination of a plurality of disclosed configuration requirements. For example, even if some of the configuration requirements are removed from all the configuration requirements shown in each form, the configuration requirements can be eliminated if the problems described can be solved and the described advantages can be obtained.
  • the configuration can be extracted as the invention.
  • the distal end portion and the endoscope of the endoscope which can further reduce the diameter of the insertion portion and improve the insertion performance.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)
  • Instruments For Viewing The Inside Of Hollow Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une extrémité 6 d'un endoscope 1 qui est pourvue : d'un premier orifice d'ajustement 51 ayant une partie d'orifice ayant une forme de section transversale sensiblement rectangulaire dans laquelle une unité d'imagerie 35 est ajustée, le premier orifice d'ajustement 51 étant formé dans une partie rigide d'extrémité distale 21 ; d'un second orifice d'ajustement 52 dans lequel est fixé un tube de raccordement 25 auquel est raccordé un canal d'insertion d'outil 26 de traitement, le second orifice d'ajustement 52 étant formé dans la partie rigide d'extrémité distale 21 de façon à être adjacent à un côté long du premier orifice d'ajustement ; d'une face plate 41 formée sur une surface externe de la partie rigide d'extrémité distale 21 parallèle au côté long ; de deux faces incurvées 41a formées de façon continue vis-à-vis de la face plate 4 1 ; de faces inclinées 42 de façon continue vis-à-vis des deux faces incurvées 41a ; et d'une partie en marche d'escalier 43 sur laquelle un élément de revêtement 31 est enroulé en bobine et d'une partie liée 32, la partie en marche d'escalier 43 formant une marche ayant une face inférieure formée dans la direction circonférentielle de la surface externe de façon continue vis-à-vis des faces inclinées.
PCT/JP2018/032645 2017-11-21 2018-09-03 Extrémité d'endoscope et endoscope WO2019102679A1 (fr)

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JP2019556106A JP6796215B2 (ja) 2017-11-21 2018-09-03 内視鏡の先端部および内視鏡

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JP2017223588 2017-11-21
JP2017-223588 2017-11-21

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021117200A1 (fr) * 2019-12-12 2021-06-17 オリンパス株式会社 Endoscope
WO2021182600A1 (fr) 2020-03-12 2021-09-16 Hoya株式会社 Dispositif de traitement d'informations, système d'inspection, programme et procédé de traitement d'informations

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02224728A (ja) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-06 Asahi Optical Co Ltd 内視鏡の先端部
JP2002345736A (ja) * 2001-05-22 2002-12-03 Fuji Photo Optical Co Ltd 内視鏡の挿入部
JP2005013708A (ja) * 2003-05-30 2005-01-20 Olympus Corp 内視鏡及びその組立方法
JP2012110526A (ja) * 2010-11-25 2012-06-14 Olympus Medical Systems Corp 内視鏡挿入部の先端部構造

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02224728A (ja) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-06 Asahi Optical Co Ltd 内視鏡の先端部
JP2002345736A (ja) * 2001-05-22 2002-12-03 Fuji Photo Optical Co Ltd 内視鏡の挿入部
JP2005013708A (ja) * 2003-05-30 2005-01-20 Olympus Corp 内視鏡及びその組立方法
JP2012110526A (ja) * 2010-11-25 2012-06-14 Olympus Medical Systems Corp 内視鏡挿入部の先端部構造

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021117200A1 (fr) * 2019-12-12 2021-06-17 オリンパス株式会社 Endoscope
WO2021182600A1 (fr) 2020-03-12 2021-09-16 Hoya株式会社 Dispositif de traitement d'informations, système d'inspection, programme et procédé de traitement d'informations

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JPWO2019102679A1 (ja) 2020-07-27
JP6796215B2 (ja) 2020-12-02

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