WO2019097806A1 - 整流器、およびレクテナ装置 - Google Patents
整流器、およびレクテナ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019097806A1 WO2019097806A1 PCT/JP2018/031984 JP2018031984W WO2019097806A1 WO 2019097806 A1 WO2019097806 A1 WO 2019097806A1 JP 2018031984 W JP2018031984 W JP 2018031984W WO 2019097806 A1 WO2019097806 A1 WO 2019097806A1
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- voltage
- rectifier
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- power
- diode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/613—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in parallel with the load as final control devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
- G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F3/08—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc
- G05F3/10—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics
- G05F3/16—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices
- G05F3/20—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H02J50/27—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/2176—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only comprising a passive stage to generate a rectified sinusoidal voltage and a controlled switching element in series between such stage and the output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/248—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set provided with an AC/DC converting device, e.g. rectennas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rectifier that converts high frequency power to direct current power, and a rectenna apparatus.
- a rectifier for converting high frequency power into direct current power there is a rectifier which is provided with a voltage regulator diode (Zener diode) on a pair of lines on the output side of a rectifying unit having a rectifying element to absorb voltage surge generated on the pair of lines
- a voltage regulator diode Zener diode
- the reverse withstand voltage of the voltage regulator diode is set equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element. Thereby, the voltage applied to the rectifying element can be suppressed to the reverse withstand voltage or less of the rectifying element.
- the rectifier When the power density of microwaves irradiated to the rectenna fluctuates with time, high power may be input to the rectifier, and the rectifier may fail.
- the main cause of failure of the rectifier is that a reverse voltage higher than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element is applied to the rectifying element.
- the DC voltage output from the rectifying element is equal to the reverse voltage value of the constant voltage diode. Since the voltage applied to the rectifying element is the voltage addition of the DC voltage and the high frequency voltage amplitude, when the reverse voltage of the constant voltage diode is set to the same value as the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element, the voltage is applied to the rectifying element. Reverse voltage can cause the rectifier to fail and the rectifier is unreliable.
- the present invention has been made to solve the problems as described above, and an object thereof is to provide a highly reliable rectifier and rectenna device.
- a rectifier is a rectifier which converts high frequency power input from an input terminal into direct current power and outputs the DC power from an output terminal.
- the rectifier includes a rectifying unit and an impedance variable unit.
- the rectifying unit has a rectifying element, converts high frequency power into direct current power, and outputs the DC power to an output terminal.
- One end of the impedance variable portion is connected to a connection point between the rectifying portion and the output terminal, and a reference voltage is applied to the other end.
- the impedance of the variable impedance section changes with negative correlation to the absolute value of the voltage of the DC power.
- the impedance of the variable impedance unit is a value that can be regarded as a short circuit from the rectifying unit if the absolute value of the voltage of the DC power is larger than a predetermined value equal to or less than the absolute value of the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element.
- the rectifier of the present invention when the absolute value of the voltage of the DC power is larger than a predetermined value equal to or less than the absolute value of the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element, the impedance of the impedance variable portion is viewed from the rectifying portion.
- a predetermined value equal to or less than the absolute value of the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element.
- Block diagram showing the configuration of the rectenna apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention The figure which shows the example of a circuit structure of the rectifier which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- Relationship between the state of the FET switch and the gate-source voltage V gs according to the first embodiment The figure which shows the flow of the electric current in the rectifier which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- a figure showing an example of circuit composition of a rectifier concerning Embodiment 2 of the present invention A figure showing an example of circuit composition of a rectifier concerning Embodiment 3 of the present invention Relationship between the state of the diode and the voltage V dc according to the third embodiment
- Block diagram showing a configuration of a modification of the rectifier according to the third embodiment A figure showing an example of circuit composition of a rectifier concerning Embodiment 4 of the present invention The figure which shows the relationship between gate-source voltage V gs and voltage V dc of FET switch in the rectifier which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- a figure showing the 1st modification of circuit composition of a rectifier concerning Embodiment 6 A figure showing the 2nd modification of circuit composition of a rectifier concerning Embodiment 6 A figure showing the 3rd modification of circuit composition of a rectifier concerning Embodiment 6 A figure showing an example of circuit composition of a rectifier concerning Embodiment 7 The figure which shows the relationship between the resistance value of the thermistor concerning Embodiment 7, and temperature.
- a rectenna apparatus 10 used for microwave wireless power transmission includes an antenna 7 and a rectifier 100 as shown in FIG.
- the antenna 7 receives the high frequency and sends it to the rectifier 100.
- the rectifier 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention performs RF (Radio Frequency) -DC (Direct Current) conversion for converting high frequency power input from the antenna 7 through the input terminal 5 into DC power, and converts the DC power. Is output from the output terminal 6.
- the rectifier 100 converts the high frequency power into direct current power and outputs it to the output terminal 6, the input filter 2, the output filter 3, and the impedance has a negative correlation with the absolute value of the voltage of the direct current power. And the impedance variable part 4 which changes.
- the input filter 2 is provided in a circuit between the input terminal 5 and the rectifying unit 1, performs harmonic processing to reduce the harmonic component, and cuts off the DC component.
- the rectifying unit 1 has a rectifying element, converts high frequency power input from the input terminal 5 through the input filter 2 into DC power and outputs the DC power.
- the rectifying element is an element having an action of causing current to flow in one direction only, and is formed of, for example, a diode.
- the output filter 3 is provided in a circuit between the rectifying unit 1 and the output terminal 6, performs harmonic processing to reduce harmonic components generated by the processing in the rectifying unit 1, and smoothes DC power.
- the impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 changes with negative correlation to the absolute value of the voltage of the DC power. Specifically, the impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 is short-circuited as viewed from the rectifying unit 1 when the absolute value of the voltage of the DC power is larger than a predetermined value equal to or less than the absolute value of the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element. It is a value that can be considered. Further, the impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 is a value that can be regarded as open when viewed from the rectifying unit 1 when the absolute value of the voltage of the DC power is equal to or less than the above-described predetermined value.
- the input filter 2 includes a transmission line 21 whose line length is a quarter wavelength of the fundamental wave, an open stub 22 whose line length is a quarter wavelength of the second harmonic, and a line length , And an open stub 23 having a quarter wavelength of the third harmonic, and a DC block capacitive element 24.
- the fundamental wave is a predetermined frequency component of the radio wave received by the rectenna device 10.
- the second harmonic is a frequency component that is twice the frequency of the fundamental wave
- the third harmonic is a frequency component that has a frequency that is three times the frequency of the fundamental wave.
- One end of the DC block capacitive element 24 functions as an input end of the input filter 2 and is connected to the input terminal 5.
- One end of the transmission line 21 functions as an output end of the input filter 2 and is connected to the rectifying unit 1.
- the other end of the DC block capacitive element 24 is connected to the other end of the transmission line 21 located opposite to one end of the transmission line 21 connected to the rectifying unit 1 and the connection point between the open stub 22 and the open stub 23. Ru.
- the rectifying unit 1 has a rectifying element 11 composed of a diode.
- the rectifying element 11 is disposed in the direction in which the rectifying unit 1 outputs a positive DC voltage. That is, the anode of the rectifying element 11 is grounded, and the cathode of the rectifying element 11 is connected to the output end of the input filter 2 and the input end of the output filter 3.
- the output filter 3 includes a transmission line 31 whose line length is a quarter wavelength of the fundamental wave, an open stub 32 whose line length is a quarter wavelength of the fundamental wave, and a quarter of a second harmonic line length.
- An open stub 33 having a wavelength and a smoothing capacitance element 34 for smoothing a direct current are provided.
- One end of the transmission line 31 functions as an input end of the output filter 3 and is connected to the rectifying unit 1.
- One end of the smoothing capacitance element 34 is grounded.
- the other end of the transmission line 31 is connected to the connection point between the open stub 32 and the open stub 33, and the other end of the smoothing capacitance element 34 located opposite to the grounded end.
- the rectifier 100 includes the input filter 2 and the output filter 3 shown in FIG. 2, so that the rectifying element 11 can be operated in class F, and high RF-DC conversion efficiency can be obtained.
- the impedance variable unit 4 includes a switching element that switches between conduction and non-conduction of an electric path by a control signal applied to a control terminal.
- the case where the impedance variable part 4 has FET (Field Effective Transistor: Field effect transistor) switch 40 is made into an example, and is demonstrated.
- the FET switch 40 is a switch configured by an enhancement type FET.
- the source terminal of the FET switch 40 is grounded, and the drain terminal and the gate terminal are connected to the connection point between the output filter 3 and the output terminal 6. In other words, the drain terminal and the gate terminal are at substantially the same voltage and are both connected to the output terminal 6.
- the gate terminal of the FET switch 40 corresponds to the control terminal of the switching element described above.
- the rectifier 100 when the load connected to the output terminal 6 is constant, the voltage V dc of the DC power output from the output terminal 6 increases as the high frequency power input increases, and the DC current increases.
- the input high frequency power is constant, as the circuit impedance on the output side connected in series to the rectifying element 11 decreases, the direct current increases and the voltage V dc decreases, and the voltage V dc is applied to the rectifying element 11 The high frequency voltage amplitude V amp is reduced.
- the DC impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 is a value that can be regarded as being open as viewed from the rectifier unit 1, as shown by a thick solid line in FIG.
- the direct current flowing from the unit 1 through the output filter 3 to the output terminal 6 does not leak to the impedance variable unit 4. Therefore, the RF-DC conversion efficiency of the rectifier 100 equivalent to that in the case where the impedance variable unit 4 is not provided can be obtained.
- the DC impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 is a value that can be regarded as a short circuit when viewed from the rectifier unit 1 as shown by thick solid lines in FIG. As shown, a part of the direct current flowing from the rectifying unit 1 to the output terminal 6 through the output filter 3 leaks to the impedance variable unit 4.
- the direct current impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying unit 1 is a parallel impedance of a load (not shown) connected to the output terminal 6 and the impedance variable unit 4.
- the impedance of the circuit of the output side seen from the rectification part 1 becomes low. If the input high frequency power is constant, if the impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying unit 1 decreases, the voltage V dc decreases and the high frequency voltage amplitude V amp applied to the rectifying element 11 decreases. That is, compared with the case where the impedance variable part 4 is not provided, it can suppress that the reverse direction voltage applied to the rectifier 11 becomes excessive.
- the operation of the rectifier 100 will be described.
- the rectifying element 11 of the rectifying unit 1 repeats ON and OFF every half cycle, the output of the rectifying unit 1 includes higher harmonics, and the DC voltage in the direction according to the polarity of the rectifying element 11 (Offset) occurs.
- the output of the rectifying unit 1 is smoothed by the output filter 3, and DC power is output from the output terminal 6.
- the impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 changes with a negative correlation with the absolute value of the voltage V dc of the DC power output from the output terminal 6. Since the DC voltage output from the rectifying unit 1 is a positive voltage, the impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 changes with a negative correlation with the voltage V dc .
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the state of the FET switch 40 and the gate-source voltage V gs .
- a gate-source voltage V gs at the time of switching between conduction and non-conduction between the drain and source of the FET switch 40 is set as a threshold voltage V FET _th .
- the threshold voltage V FET _ th is set to a value equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element 11. If voltage V dc ⁇ threshold voltage V FET_th, the drain of the FET switch 40 - is between the source because it is non-conductive, the impedance of the impedance varying unit 4 is a value regarded as open. The flow of the direct current at this time is shown by a thick solid line in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, direct current does not leak between the drain and source of the FET switch 40. Further, since the DC impedance of the output filter 3 is sufficiently small, the DC impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying unit 1 can be regarded as a load connected to the output terminal 6. Since direct current does not leak between the drain and source of the FET switch 40, the RF-DC conversion efficiency of the rectifier 100 equivalent to that in the case where the impedance variable unit 4 is not provided can be obtained.
- the drain-source of the FET switch 40 is conductive and the impedance variable section 4 has a shorted impedance.
- the direct current impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying unit 1 is lower than that shown in FIG.
- the voltage V dc is lowered and the high frequency voltage amplitude applied to the rectifying element 11 is reduced.
- the drain-source of the FET switch 40 When the drain-source of the FET switch 40 conducts, the voltage V dc drops. As a result, when the voltage V dc ⁇ the threshold V FET _th , the drain-source of the FET switch 40 becomes nonconductive. When the drain-source of the FET switch 40 is nonconductive, the DC impedance of the circuit on the output side as viewed from the rectifying unit 1 is higher than that shown in FIG. When the DC impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying unit 1 becomes high, the voltage V dc becomes high.
- the drain of the FET switch 40 - is between the source and the non-conductive, as a result of increased voltage V dc, becomes a voltage V dc> threshold voltage V FET_th, again drain - to-source conduction.
- V FET_th threshold voltage
- the threshold voltage V FET_th is set to a value equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element 11, the value at which the voltage V dc converges is equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element 11. Therefore, the reverse voltage applied to the rectifying element 11 is equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element 11.
- the rectifier 100 sets the reverse direction voltage applied to the rectifying element 11 to be equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element 11 by providing the impedance variable portion 4. Can. In other words, the high frequency power input to the rectifier 100 can be increased.
- the device on which the rectifier is mounted is not limited to the rectenna device 10.
- the circuit configuration of the rectenna device 10 is not limited to the configuration of the first embodiment.
- the impedance variable unit 4 included in the rectifier 101 shown in FIG. 8 further includes a voltage dividing circuit having a resistor 41 and a resistor 42 in addition to the configuration of the impedance variable unit 4 included in the rectifier 100.
- the gate voltage V gs of the FET switch 40 is a resistance division value of the voltage V dc as shown in the following equation (1).
- V gs V dc ⁇ R42 / (R41 + R42) (1)
- the voltage V gs between the gate and the source of the FET switch 40 can be changed by changing the resistance values of the resistor 41 and the resistor. Even if the threshold voltage V FET_th of the FET switch 40 is the same, if the resistance values of the resistors 41 and 42 are different, the value of the voltage V dc when the impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 switches from open to short is different. That is, it is possible to change the timing at which conduction and non-conduction between the gate and the source of the FET switch 40 are switched without changing the threshold voltage of the FET switch 40.
- the rectifier 101 sets the reverse voltage applied to the rectifying element 11 to be equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element 11 by providing the impedance variable portion 4. Can.
- the rectifier is not limited to the rectenna device 10 and can be mounted on any device.
- the circuit configuration of the rectifier is not limited to the examples of the first and second embodiments.
- the impedance variable unit 4 included in the rectifier 102 illustrated in FIG. 9 applies a ground voltage or a negative voltage corresponding to the voltage V dc of DC power to the control terminal of the switching element It further has a pull-down circuit.
- the impedance variable unit 4 included in the rectifier 102 further includes a resistor 42 included in the impedance variable unit 4 included in the rectifier 101 according to the second embodiment, and a diode 43.
- the diode 43 has an anode connected to the connection point between the rectifying unit 1 and the output terminal 6, and a cathode connected to the connection point between the resistor 42 and the gate terminal of the FET switch 40. That is, the gate terminal of the FET switch 40 is connected to the output terminal 6 via the diode 43, and the connection point between the diode 43 and the gate terminal of the FET switch 40 is grounded via the resistor 42.
- FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the state of the diode 43 and the voltage V dc .
- the threshold voltage of the diode 43 of the rectifier 102 is V di — th 1
- the diode 43 is off when the voltage V dc ⁇ the threshold voltage V di — th 1
- the impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 is a value that can be regarded as open.
- the diode 43 is turned on, and the impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 is a value that can be regarded as a short circuit.
- FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the gate-source voltage V gs of the FET switch 40 and the voltage V dc . Since the high frequency power input to the rectifier 102 is small and the voltage V dc is low, the diode 43 is off when the voltage V dc ⁇ the threshold voltage V di — th1 . Therefore, the voltage V gs between the gate and the source of the FET switch 40 is pulled down by the resistor 42 and is 0V. At this time, since the drain-source of the FET switch 40 is nonconductive, the DC current does not leak between the drain-source, and the RF-DC conversion efficiency equivalent to the case where the impedance variable unit 4 is not provided can get.
- a positive voltage is applied between the gate and the source even when the drain-source is not conductive, while in the rectifier 102 according to the third embodiment, a voltage is applied.
- V dc threshold voltage V di — th 1
- gate-source voltage V gs 0. Therefore, leakage of direct current between the drain and the source is suppressed more than in the rectifier 102 according to the second embodiment, and a decrease in the RF-DC conversion efficiency is suppressed.
- Vdc - Vdi_th1 is applied to the gate terminal of the FET switch 40.
- the source voltage V gs is equal to or less than the threshold voltage V FET_th of FET switch 40, i.e., when V dc -V di_th1 ⁇ V FET_th, the drain of the FET switch 40 - - the gate of the FET switch 40 between the source is non-conductive Therefore, the direct current does not leak between the drain and the source, and the RF-DC conversion efficiency of the rectifier 100 equivalent to that in the case where the impedance variable unit 4 is not provided can be obtained.
- the drain-source of the FET switch 40 conducts.
- the DC impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying element 11 is a parallel impedance of the load connected to the output terminal 6 and the drain-source impedance of the FET switch 40.
- the drain-source impedance of the FET switch 40 is less than 10 ohms.
- V FET _ th and V di _ th 1 are determined such that V FET _ th + V di _ th 1 has a value equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element 11.
- the rectifier 102 may include at least one diode 431 connected in series instead of the diode 43.
- the forward direction of at least one diode 431 connected in series is from one end connected to the connection point between the rectifier 1 and the output terminal 6 to the other end connected to the gate terminal of the FET switch 40 .
- the sum of the threshold voltages of the diode 431 corresponds to the threshold voltage V di — th1 of the diode 43 in FIG. 11. Therefore, it is possible to change the threshold voltage Vdi_th1 by changing the number of diodes 431.
- the reverse voltage applied to the rectifying device 11 is made equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying device 11 by providing the impedance variable portion 4. Can.
- the gate-source voltage V gs 0 in the range of voltage V dc ⁇ threshold voltage V di — th 1, reduction in the RF-DC conversion efficiency of the rectifier 102 is suppressed.
- the rectifier is not limited to the rectenna device 10 and can be mounted on any device. Further, the circuit configuration of the rectifier is not limited to the example of the embodiment 1-3.
- the pull-down circuit is an arbitrary circuit that applies a ground voltage or a negative voltage corresponding to the voltage V dc to the control terminal of the switching element of the impedance variable unit 4.
- the impedance variable unit 4 included in the rectifier 103 according to the fourth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13 further includes a resistor 44 and a resistor 45 in addition to the configuration of the impedance variable unit 4 included in the rectifier 102 illustrated in FIG.
- the resistors 42, 44 and 45 and the diode 43 constitute a pull-down circuit.
- One end of the resistor 44 is connected to the connection point between the output filter 3 and the output terminal 6.
- the other end of the resistor 44 is connected to the source terminal of the FET switch 40. That is, since the source terminal is connected to the output terminal 6 through the resistor 44, the resistor 44 is connected in parallel between the drain terminal and the source terminal of the FET switch 40.
- One end of the resistor 45 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the source terminal of the FET switch 40. That is, the contact between the resistor 44 and the source terminal of the FET switch 40 is grounded via the resistor 45.
- FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the gate-source voltage V gs of the FET switch 40 and the voltage V dc .
- V di — th2 in FIG. 14 is the threshold voltage of the diode 43 of the rectifier 103.
- the gate-source voltage Vgs of the FET switch 40 has a negative value in the range of voltage Vdc ⁇ Vdi_th2 ⁇ ⁇ (R44 + R45) / R44 ⁇ .
- R44 represents the resistance value of the resistor 44
- R45 represents the resistance value of the resistor 45.
- the threshold voltage of the diode 43 of the rectifier 103 is V di — th 2
- the drain of the FET switch 40 Conduction between sources.
- the DC impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying element 11 is a parallel impedance of the load connected to the output terminal 6 and the drain-source impedance of the FET switch 40.
- the voltage V dc converges to (V di — th 2 + V FET — th ) ⁇ (R 44 + R 45) / R 44 by switching between conduction and non-conduction between the drain and source.
- the values of V di — th 2 , V FET — th , R 44, and R 45 are determined such that (V di — th 2 + V FET — th ) ⁇ (R 44 + R 45) / R 44 is less than or equal to the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifier 11.
- the rectifier 103 may include at least one diode 431 connected in series instead of the diode 43.
- the forward direction of at least one diode 431 connected in series is a direction from one end connected to the connection point between the output filter 3 and the output terminal 6 to the other end connected to the gate terminal of the FET switch 40 .
- the sum of the threshold voltages of the diode 431 corresponds to the threshold voltage V di — th2 of the diode 43 in FIG. 13. Therefore, it is possible to change the threshold voltage Vdi_th2 by changing the number of diodes 431.
- the reverse voltage applied to the rectifying device 11 is made equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying device 11 by providing the impedance variable portion 4.
- the voltage V gs between the gate and the source of the FET switch 40 is a negative voltage, so the RF-DC conversion efficiency of the rectifier 103 is reduced. Be suppressed.
- the rectifier is not limited to the rectenna device 10 and can be mounted on any device. Further, the circuit configuration of the rectifier is not limited to the example of the embodiment 1-4.
- the pull-down circuit is an arbitrary circuit that applies a ground voltage or a negative voltage corresponding to the voltage V dc to the control terminal of the switching element of the impedance variable unit 4.
- the impedance variable unit 4 included in the rectifier 104 according to the fifth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 16 includes a diode 46 instead of the resistor 45 included in the impedance variable unit 4 included in the rectifier 103 illustrated in FIG.
- the cathode of the diode 46 is grounded and the anode is connected to the source terminal of the FET switch 40. That is, the source terminal is connected to the output terminal 6 via the resistor 44, and the connection point between the resistor 44 and the source terminal of the FET switch 40 is grounded via the diode 46.
- the threshold voltage of the diode 46 of the rectifier 104 is Vdi_th3 .
- the threshold voltage V di — th3 of the diode 46 is lower than the threshold voltage V di — th2 of the diode 43. That is, Vdi_th3 ⁇ Vdi_th2 is established.
- Vdc threshold voltage Vdi_th3 the diode 46 is on, and the DC impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 is a value that can be regarded as a short circuit.
- V dc V di — th3
- V gs ⁇ V dc when the diode 46 and the diode 43 are off.
- the rectifier 104 since the gate-source voltage Vgs of the FET switch 40 has a negative value in the range of voltage Vdc ⁇ gate-source voltage Vdi_th2 , the rectifier 104 The amount of leakage of current can be further reduced, and the reduction in RF-DC conversion efficiency can be reduced.
- gate-source voltage V gs of FET switch 40 in rectifier 104 is ⁇ V dc
- the rectifier 104 may include at least one diode 431 connected in series instead of the diode 43.
- the forward direction of at least one diode 431 connected in series is a direction from one end connected to the connection point between the output filter 3 and the output terminal 6 to the other end connected to the gate terminal of the FET switch 40 .
- the sum of the threshold voltages of the diode 431 corresponds to the threshold voltage V di — th2 of the diode 43 in FIG. Therefore, it is possible to change the threshold voltage Vdi_th2 by changing the number of diodes 431.
- the rectifier 104 may include at least one diode 461 connected in series instead of the diode 46.
- the forward direction of at least one diode 461 connected in series is from one end connected to the source terminal of the FET switch 40 toward the other end grounded.
- the sum of the threshold voltages of the diode 461 corresponds to the threshold voltage V di — th3 of the diode 46 of FIG. Therefore, by changing the number of diodes 461, it is possible to change the threshold voltage Vdi_th2 .
- the reverse voltage applied to the rectifying device 11 is made equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying device 11 by providing the impedance variable portion 4.
- the range of voltage V dc ⁇ threshold voltage V di — th 3 since the voltage V gs between the gate and source of the FET switch 40 in the rectifier 104 is ⁇ V dc , the decrease in the RF-DC conversion efficiency of the rectifier 104 is suppressed. Ru.
- the rectifier is not limited to the rectenna device 10 and can be mounted on any device. Further, the circuit configuration of the rectifier is not limited to the example of the embodiment 1-5.
- the impedance variable unit 4 provided in the rectifier 105 according to the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 18 has a diode 47.
- the diode 47 is provided in the direction according to the polarity of the DC power. In the rectifier 105, since the voltage of DC power is a positive voltage, the anode of the diode 47 is connected to the connection point between the output filter 3 and the output terminal 6, and the cathode is grounded.
- the threshold voltage of the diode 47 of the rectifier 105 is V di — th 4
- the diode 47 is off and the DC impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 is a value that can be regarded as open.
- the DC current does not leak to the impedance variable unit 4, and an RF-DC conversion efficiency equivalent to that in the case where the impedance variable unit 4 is not provided can be obtained.
- the diode 47 When voltage Vdc ⁇ ⁇ threshold voltage Vdi_th4 , the diode 47 is on, and the DC impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 is a value that can be regarded as a short circuit, for example, a value less than 10 ⁇ . At this time, a part of the direct current leaks to the impedance variable unit 4.
- the DC impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying unit 1 is lower than when the diode 47 is off.
- the direct current impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying unit 1 becomes low, the voltage V dc becomes low, and the high frequency voltage amplitude applied to the rectifying element 11 becomes small.
- the diode 47 When the diode 47 is turned on, the voltage Vdc drops. As a result, when the voltage V dc ⁇ the threshold voltage V di — th 4 , the diode 47 is turned off. When the diode 47 is turned off, the DC impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying unit 1 becomes higher than when the diode 47 is turned on, and the voltage V dc becomes high. When the voltage Vdc rises and the voltage Vdc > the threshold voltage Vdi_th4 , the diode 47 is turned on as described above. The voltage V dc converges to the threshold voltage V di — th 4 as the diode 47 repeatedly turns on and off.
- the threshold voltage V di — th 4 is determined to be equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element 11. As a result, the reverse voltage applied to the rectifying element 11 becomes equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element 11.
- the rectifier 105 may include at least one diode 471 connected in series instead of the diode 47.
- the forward direction of at least one diode 471 connected in series is a direction from one end connected to the connection point of the output filter 3 and the output terminal 6 to the other end grounded.
- the sum of the threshold voltages of the diodes 471 corresponds to the threshold voltage Vdi_th4 of FIG. Therefore, it is possible to change the threshold voltage Vdi_th3 by changing the number of diodes 471.
- the rectifying unit 1 has a rectifying element 12 which is a diode.
- the rectifying element 12 is disposed in the direction in which the rectifying unit 1 outputs a negative DC voltage. That is, the anode of the rectifying element 12 is connected to the output end of the input filter 2 and the input end of the output filter 3, and the cathode of the rectifying element 12 is grounded.
- the impedance variable unit 4 has a diode 48. The anode of the diode 48 is grounded, and the cathode is connected to the connection point between the rectifying unit 1 and the output terminal 6. Specifically, the cathode of the diode 48 is connected to the connection point between the output filter 3 and the output terminal 6.
- the rectifier 106 When high frequency power is input to the rectifier 106, the rectifier 106 outputs a voltage V dc that is a negative voltage from the output terminal. The higher the high frequency power, the larger the absolute value
- the diode 48 When the absolute value of the voltage V dc is equal to or less than the threshold voltage of the diode 48, the diode 48 is off, and the impedance of the impedance variable unit 4 is a value that can be regarded as open. When the absolute value of the voltage V dc is larger than the threshold voltage of the diode 48, the diode 48 is on, and thus the impedance of the variable impedance unit 4 has a value that can be regarded as a short circuit, for example, a value less than 10 ⁇ . Similar to the rectifier 105, as the diode 48 repeatedly turns on and off, the absolute value of the voltage V dc converges to the threshold voltage of the diode 48. The threshold voltage of the diode 48 is determined to be equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element 11. As a result, the reverse voltage applied to the rectifying element 11 becomes equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element 11.
- the rectifier 106 may include at least one diode 481 connected in series instead of the diode 48.
- the forward direction of at least one diode 481 connected in series is a direction from the other end grounded to one end connected to the connection point of the output filter 3 and the output terminal 6.
- the sum of the threshold voltages of the diodes 481 corresponds to the threshold voltage V di — th 4 of the diodes 48 of FIG. Therefore, the threshold voltage V di — th 4 can be changed by changing the number of diodes 481.
- the reverse direction voltage applied to the rectifying element 11 is equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying element 11 by providing the impedance variable portion 4. can do.
- the rectifier is not limited to the rectenna device 10 and can be mounted on any device.
- the circuit configuration of the rectifier is not limited to that of Embodiment 1-6.
- the impedance variable unit 4 provided in the rectifier 107 according to the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 22 includes a thermistor 49 which is an example of a circuit element whose resistance value changes with negative correlation with temperature.
- FIG. 23 shows the relationship between the resistance value of the thermistor 49 and the temperature.
- the thermistor 49 is an element having a characteristic that the resistance value decreases with an increase in temperature. That is, when the current increases according to the increase of the voltage V dc output from the rectifier 107, the temperature rise caused by the current decreases the resistance value of the thermistor 49.
- the impedance of the thermistor 49 is a value that can be regarded as open.
- the impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying element 11 is a load connected to the output terminal 6. Since the direct current does not leak to the thermistor 49, RF-DC conversion efficiency equivalent to that in the case where the impedance variable unit 4 is not provided can be obtained.
- the impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying unit 1 is a parallel impedance of the load connected to the output terminal 6 and the resistance value of the thermistor 49. That is, the impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying unit 1 is lower than when the high frequency power is low.
- the impedance of the circuit on the output side viewed from the rectifying unit 1 becomes low, the voltage V dc and the high frequency voltage amplitude applied to the rectifying element 11 become small. Therefore, even if the input high frequency power is increased, the reverse voltage applied to the rectifying element 11 can be suppressed.
- the reverse voltage applied to the rectifying device 11 is made equal to or less than the reverse withstand voltage of the rectifying device 11 by providing the impedance variable portion 4.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.
- the input filter 2 and the output filter 3 further include at least one of an open stub whose line length is a quarter wavelength of even harmonics and an open stub whose line length is a quarter wavelength of odd harmonics. It is also good.
- the switching element included in the impedance variable unit 4 is not limited to the FET switch 40, and may be any switching element that switches between conduction and non-conduction of an electric path according to a control signal applied to the control terminal.
- the FET switch 40 switches between conduction and non-conduction between the drain and source of the FET switch 40 instantaneously at V.sub.FET.sub .-- th , but the switching element has a gradual change in impedance with respect to voltage. You may use. In this case, voltage and current overshoots in transient response are suppressed.
- the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit of the rectifier 101 according to the second embodiment can be arbitrarily determined. Further, the voltage dividing circuit performs voltage division by an arbitrary method such as resistance division or capacitance division.
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Abstract
Description
マイクロ波無線電力の伝送に用いられるレクテナ装置10は、図1に示すように、アンテナ7と、整流器100とを備える。アンテナ7は、高周波を受信し、整流器100に送る。本発明の実施の形態1に係る整流器100は、アンテナ7から入力端子5を介して入力された高周波電力を直流電力に変換するRF(Radio Frequency)-DC(Direct Current)変換を行い、直流電力を出力端子6から出力する。整流器100は、高周波電力を直流電力に変換して出力端子6に出力する整流部1と、入力フィルタ2と、出力フィルタ3と、インピーダンスが直流電力の電圧の絶対値に対し負の相関を有して変化するインピーダンス可変部4とを備える。
整流器が搭載される装置は、レクテナ装置10に限られない。またレクテナ装置10の回路構成は、実施の形態1の構成に限定されない。整流器の回路構成は、電圧Vdcが上がると、整流部1から見た出力側の回路の直流インピーダンスが低くなり、電圧Vdcが下がると、整流部1から見た出力側の回路の直流インピーダンスが高くなる任意の回路である。回路の一例について、説明する。図8に示す整流器101が備えるインピーダンス可変部4は、整流器100が備えるインピーダンス可変部4の構成に加えて、抵抗41と抵抗42とを有する分圧回路さらに備える。
Vgs=Vdc・R42/(R41+R42) (1)
上述したように、整流器は、レクテナ装置10に限られず任意の装置に搭載可能である。また整流器の回路構成は、実施の形態1,2の例に限られない。図9に示す整流器102が備えるインピーダンス可変部4は、整流器100が備えるインピーダンス可変部4の構成に加え、直流電力の電圧Vdcに応じた接地電圧または負電圧をスイッチング素子の制御端子に印加するプルダウン回路をさらに有する。詳細には、整流器102が備えるインピーダンス可変部4は、実施の形態2に係る整流器101が備えるインピーダンス可変部4が有する抵抗42と、ダイオード43とをさらに備える。ダイオード43は、アノードが整流部1と出力端子6との接続点に接続され、カソードは、抵抗42とFETスイッチ40のゲート端子との接続点に接続される。つまり、FETスイッチ40のゲート端子は、ダイオード43を介して出力端子6に接続され、ダイオード43とFETスイッチ40のゲート端子との接続点は抵抗42を介して接地される。
上述したように、整流器は、レクテナ装置10に限られず任意の装置に搭載可能である。また整流器の回路構成は、実施の形態1-3の例に限られない。プルダウン回路は、インピーダンス可変部4が有するスイッチング素子の制御端子に、電圧Vdcに応じた接地電圧または負電圧を印加する任意の回路である。図13に示す実施の形態4に係る整流器103が備えるインピーダンス可変部4は、図9に示す整流器102が備えるインピーダンス可変部4の構成に加えて、抵抗44と、抵抗45とをさらに備える。抵抗42,44,45とダイオード43とでプルダウン回路を構成する。
上述したように、整流器は、レクテナ装置10に限られず任意の装置に搭載可能である。また整流器の回路構成は、実施の形態1-4の例に限られない。プルダウン回路は、インピーダンス可変部4が有するスイッチング素子の制御端子に、電圧Vdcに応じた接地電圧または負電圧を印加する任意の回路である。図16に示す実施の形態5に係る整流器104が備えるインピーダンス可変部4は、図15に示す整流器103が備えるインピーダンス可変部4が有する抵抗45に代えて、ダイオード46を備える。ダイオード46のカソードは接地され、アノードはFETスイッチ40のソース端子に接続される。つまり、ソース端子が抵抗44を介して出力端子6に接続され、抵抗44とFETスイッチ40のソース端子との接続点はダイオード46を介して接地される。
上述したように、整流器は、レクテナ装置10に限られず任意の装置に搭載可能である。また整流器の回路構成は、実施の形態1-5の例に限られない。図18に示す実施の形態6に係る整流器105が備えるインピーダンス可変部4は、ダイオード47を有する。ダイオード47は、直流電力の極性に応じた向きに設けられる。整流器105では、直流電力の電圧は正電圧であるため、ダイオード47のアノードは出力フィルタ3と出力端子6との接続点に接続され、カソードは接地される。
上述したように、整流器は、レクテナ装置10に限られず任意の装置に搭載可能である。また整流器の回路構成は、実施の形態1-6に限られない。図22に示す実施の形態7に係る整流器107が備えるインピーダンス可変部4は、抵抗値が温度に対して負の相関を有して変化する回路素子の一例であるサーミスタ49を備える。
Claims (8)
- 入力端子から入力された高周波電力を直流電力に変換して出力端子から出力する整流器であって、
整流素子を有し、前記高周波電力を直流電力に変換して前記出力端子に出力する整流部と、
一端が前記整流部と前記出力端子との接続点に接続され、他端に基準電圧が印加され、インピーダンスが、前記直流電力の電圧の絶対値に対し負の相関を有して変化するインピーダンス可変部とを備え、
前記インピーダンス可変部のインピーダンスは、前記直流電力の電圧の絶対値が、前記整流素子の逆耐電圧の絶対値以下の定められた値より大きい場合は、前記整流部から見て短絡とみなせる値である、
整流器。 - 前記インピーダンスは、前記直流電力の電圧の絶対値が予め定められた値未満の場合は前記整流部から見て開放とみなせる値である、
請求項1に記載の整流器。 - 前記インピーダンス可変部は、制御端子に印加される制御信号で電路の導通と非導通とを切り替えるスイッチング素子を有する、
請求項1または2に記載の整流器。 - 前記インピーダンス可変部は、前記直流電力の電圧を分圧して前記制御端子に印加する分圧回路をさらに備える、
請求項3に記載の整流器。 - 前記インピーダンス可変部は、前記直流電力の電圧に応じた接地電圧または負電圧を前記制御端子に印加するプルダウン回路をさらに有する、
請求項3または4に記載の整流器。 - 前記インピーダンス可変部は、直列に接続された少なくとも1つのダイオードを有し、前記直列に接続された少なくとも1つのダイオードの一端が前記整流部と前記出力端子と接続点に接続され、前記直列に接続された少なくとも1つのダイオードの他端に基準電圧が印加され、
前記直流電力の電圧が正電圧である場合、前記整流部と前記出力端子との接続点に接続された前記一端から、前記基準電圧が印加される前記他端に向かう方向が前記直列に接続された少なくとも1つのダイオードの順方向であり、
前記直流電力の電圧が負電圧である場合、前記整流部と前記出力端子との接続点に接続された前記一端から、前記基準電圧が印加される前記他端に向かう方向が前記直列に接続された少なくとも1つのダイオードの逆方向である、
請求項1または2に記載の整流器。 - 前記インピーダンス可変部は、抵抗値が温度に対して負の相関を有して変化する回路素子を有する、
請求項1または2に記載の整流器。 - 高周波を受信するアンテナと、
前記高周波の電力を直流電力に変換する請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の整流器と、
を備えるレクテナ装置。
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JP2013226020A (ja) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-31 | Nippon Dengyo Kosaku Co Ltd | レクテナ装置 |
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JP2015192484A (ja) | 2014-03-27 | 2015-11-02 | 株式会社Ihiエアロスペース | レクテナ |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6532635B1 (ja) | 2019-06-19 |
EP3713070A4 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
KR102230323B1 (ko) | 2021-03-19 |
US10903696B2 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
CN111316553B (zh) | 2023-09-29 |
CN111316553A (zh) | 2020-06-19 |
JPWO2019097806A1 (ja) | 2019-11-14 |
US20200251935A1 (en) | 2020-08-06 |
EP3713070A1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
KR20200060510A (ko) | 2020-05-29 |
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