WO2019095700A1 - 一种车厢和列车 - Google Patents

一种车厢和列车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019095700A1
WO2019095700A1 PCT/CN2018/093668 CN2018093668W WO2019095700A1 WO 2019095700 A1 WO2019095700 A1 WO 2019095700A1 CN 2018093668 W CN2018093668 W CN 2018093668W WO 2019095700 A1 WO2019095700 A1 WO 2019095700A1
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Prior art keywords
seat
compartment
mechanisms
fixed
passenger compartment
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PCT/CN2018/093668
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何天
杨艳梅
于金朋
庞学苗
王伟
伊召锋
燕春光
张庆刚
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中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
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Publication of WO2019095700A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019095700A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D1/00—Carriages for ordinary railway passenger traffic
    • B61D1/04—General arrangements of seats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D3/00—Wagons or vans

Definitions

  • the present application relates to rail transit technology, and in particular to a train compartment and train that are common to passengers and cargo.
  • the transportation of logistics mainly adopts three methods: 1. It adopts road transportation and is suitable for short-distance transportation; 2. It adopts air transportation, and the cost of air transportation is high; 3. It adopts railway transportation and transportation cost. low.
  • the high-speed rail can not achieve the transportation of goods, can only carry passengers, can not meet the transportation of goods under specific requirements.
  • the present application provides a passenger compartment including: a cabin space surrounded by a top frame, a side wall, and a chassis;
  • the remaining area within the cabin space is used to load cargo.
  • the cabin space is used to carry passengers when the plurality of seat mechanisms are dispersed to move all areas within the cabin space.
  • the seat mechanism is fixed to the side wall of the car by a sliding mechanism and/or fixed to the floor of the car seated on the car frame, and travels along the train relative to the car through the sliding mechanism. Reciprocating in the direction.
  • the sliding mechanism includes: a sliding rail and a pulley; the sliding rail is fixed on the side wall of the compartment and/or fixed on the floor of the compartment mounted on the chassis of the compartment; the pulley is fixed at The bottom of the seat mechanism;
  • the pulley reciprocates on the slide rail and drives the seat mechanism to reciprocate relative to the carriage in the direction of travel of the train.
  • the sliding mechanism includes: a sliding slot and a slider; the sliding slot is fixed to the side wall of the compartment and/or fixed on the floor of the compartment mounted on the chassis of the compartment; the slider Fixed to the bottom of the seat mechanism;
  • the slider reciprocates in the chute through a bearing and drives the seat mechanism to reciprocate in a direction of travel along the train relative to the car.
  • At least one row of evenly spaced seat mechanisms is provided in the carriage along the direction of travel of the train.
  • a telescopic mechanism is disposed between the plurality of seat mechanisms for simultaneously moving the plurality of seat mechanisms in the first direction and reducing the distance between each of the two seat mechanisms Or, moving a plurality of seat mechanisms simultaneously in the second direction and increasing the distance between each of the two seat mechanisms.
  • the telescopic mechanism includes: a plurality of telescopic links respectively connected to the bottom or side of the front and rear two seat mechanisms or the front and rear two rows of seat mechanisms, through the telescopic joint
  • the telescopic movement of the rod drives the front and rear seat mechanisms or the front and rear two rows of seat mechanisms to move, and reduces or increases the distance between the front and rear seat mechanisms or the front and rear two rows of seat mechanisms.
  • the car is further provided with a drive mechanism for providing a driving force to the seat mechanism and the telescoping mechanism.
  • the drive mechanism includes: a drive motor, a gear set, and a gear link coupled to the first seat mechanism of the plurality of seat mechanisms;
  • the motor outputs a driving force based on a control signal of the train management control system, and transmits the driving force to the first seat mechanism through the cooperation of the gear set and the gear link;
  • the first seat mechanism transmits the coupling power to the next or next seat mechanism through the telescopic mechanism.
  • the seat mechanism includes: a base, a seat frame, a backrest, and an armrest;
  • the backrest is fixed on the base, and the seat frame is elastically flipped relative to the backrest;
  • the seat frame is provided with a seat cushion, and the armrests are disposed on both sides of the backrest.
  • the seat mechanism is provided with a locking mechanism for positionally locking the seat mechanism.
  • the locking mechanism includes:
  • a control switch for controlling the electromagnet to be powered or de-energized
  • the electromagnet attracts the spring pin to be inserted into the through hole previously set in the floor of the car;
  • the pin When the control switch is used to control the loss of power of the electromagnet, the pin is pulled out from the through hole previously set in the floor of the car by the elastic force of the spring, and returns to the initial reset.
  • the compartment is provided with an isolation mechanism for regional isolation of the cargo loading area and the seating area of the seat mechanism;
  • the isolation mechanism is disposed on a roof frame or a side wall of the vehicle.
  • the isolation mechanism includes: at least one set of drawn roller blinds;
  • the pull roller blind is disposed on the top frame, and when the seat mechanism moves to one side of the compartment space, the drawn end of the drawn roller blind and the fastening structure preset on the floor of the compartment are Fixed to isolate the loading area of the cargo and the seating area of the seat mechanism; or,
  • the pull roller blind is disposed on a side wall of one side of the compartment, and when the seat mechanism is moved to one side of the compartment space, the drawn end of the drawn roller blind is preset to another compartment
  • the securing structure of the side wall on the side is fixed to isolate the cargo loading area and the seat mechanism placement area; or
  • a plurality of pull-out roller blinds are respectively disposed on the side walls of the two sides of the compartment, and when the seat mechanism is moved to one side of the compartment space, the preset ends of the drawn ends of the two drawn roller blinds are used.
  • the securing structure secures the two roller blinds to isolate the cargo loading area from the seating area of the seat mechanism.
  • the isolation mechanism includes: at least one set of folding baffles;
  • the folding baffle is disposed on the top frame, and when the seat mechanism moves to a side of the compartment space, the tensile end of the folding baffle is fixed with a fastening structure preset on the floor of the compartment, and the cargo is fixed
  • the loading area and the seating area of the seat mechanism are isolated; or,
  • the folding baffle is disposed on a side wall of one side of the compartment, and when the seat mechanism moves to a side of the compartment space, the tensile end of the folding baffle and the side wall preset on the other side of the compartment
  • the fixing structure on the 2 is fixed, and the cargo loading area and the seat mechanism placement area are isolated; or
  • a set of folding baffles are respectively disposed on the side walls of the two sides of the compartment, and when the seat mechanism is moved to the side of the compartment space, the predetermined fixing structure on the stretching end of the two folding baffles is used
  • the two baffles are fixed to isolate the cargo loading area from the seat mechanism placement area.
  • a card loading mechanism for loading goods is disposed on the floor of the cabin that is mounted on the chassis of the car.
  • the card loading mechanism includes: a card holder fixed to the chassis or the floor of the car and a fastener that is hinged to the card holder;
  • One side of the fastener is hinged to the card holder, and the other side is connected to the card holder by a spring latch;
  • the spring latch When the fastener is pressed again, the spring latch enters a locked state, and the other side of the fastener presses the spring to be in a compressed state.
  • the side of the vehicle compartment adjacent to the end wall of the passenger compartment is further provided with at least one of a toilet, a washroom, and a control room.
  • the present application provides a train comprising: the passenger compartment of any of the above.
  • the technical solution described in the present application can quickly move the seat in a certain direction to change the arrangement of the seat in the vehicle when the passenger is not required to be carried, thereby freeing the loading space for loading and transporting the cargo, and improving the train. Utilization rate, improve the economy of the train.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the carriage of the present embodiment as a passenger compartment
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the carriage of the present embodiment as a passenger compartment
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the carriage of the present embodiment as a freight car
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of the first form of the car as the freight car of the present embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of the second form of the carriage of the present embodiment as a freight car
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the comparison between the passenger compartment and the freight compartment of the present scheme
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing three different forms of the sliding mechanism 5 of the present embodiment.
  • the core idea of the present application is to design the seat in the compartment to be reciprocable relative to the compartment, so that when the passenger volume is reduced, the seat is concentratedly moved to the seat placement area, and the spare compartment space can be It is used to load clean finished goods, thereby increasing the freight function of high-speed rail transportation and improving resource utilization.
  • the present application discloses a passenger compartment, which includes: a top frame 1, a side wall 2, and a chassis 3; the top frame 1 passes through two side walls 2 and The chassis 3 is fixed to form a space for use of the cabin.
  • a plurality of seat mechanisms 4 capable of reciprocating the loudness and the carriage in the traveling direction of the train are provided in the use space of the passenger compartment.
  • the plurality of seat mechanisms 4 are collectively moved to an area within the cabin space, the remaining area within the cabin space may be used to load cargo, wherein the certain area may be a cabin space along the direction of travel of the train
  • the front side area, the middle area or the rear side area may also be the left and right sides of the cabin space, as shown in FIGS.
  • the cabin space is used to carry passengers when the plurality of seat mechanisms 4 are evenly dispersed throughout all areas within the cabin space by means of horizontal movement.
  • the passenger compartment can be converted by passenger or freight, and the utilization rate of the high-speed train can be improved to meet the demand of fast logistics, as shown in the comparison diagram of the passenger compartment and the freight compartment.
  • the seat mechanism 4 is fixed to the side wall 2 of the car by the sliding mechanism 5 and/or fixed to the floor 6 of the car that is mounted on the car frame 3, and is passed through the sliding mechanism 5 Reciprocating relative to the carriage moving in the direction of the train.
  • the structure of the sliding mechanism 5 may be: a sliding sliding of the sliding rail and the pulley; the sliding rail is fixed on the side wall 2 of the compartment and/or fixed on the floor 6 of the compartment which is mounted on the chassis 3 of the compartment.
  • a pulley is fixed to the bottom of the seat structure; the pulley is reciprocally movable within the slide rail, and the seat mechanism 4 reciprocates relative to the carriage in the direction of travel of the train by the movement of the pulley.
  • the structure of the sliding mechanism 5 may also be: a sliding sliding of the sliding slot and the slider; the sliding slot is fixed on the side wall 2 of the compartment and/or fixed on the floor 6 of the compartment which is mounted on the chassis 3 of the compartment.
  • a slider is fixed to the bottom of the seat mechanism 4; the slider can reciprocate in the sliding slot by the sliding action of the bearing, and the seat mechanism 4 is driven along the train relative to the carriage by the movement of the slider Reciprocating in the direction of the direction.
  • the seat mechanism 4 of the vehicle compartment can be arranged in a row or columns according to the direction of travel of the train; further, the seat mechanism 4 can be disposed on one side or both sides along the direction of travel of the train. .
  • the number of seats in each column or on each side can be adjusted according to the number of rated passengers and the actual number of passengers.
  • a way of arranging the seat mechanisms in one of the passenger cars is shown in FIG.
  • a telescopic mechanism is disposed between the front and rear seat mechanisms 4 or between the front and rear two rows of seat mechanisms 4; the telescopic mechanism is used to make a plurality of seats
  • the chair mechanism 4 simultaneously moves in the first direction and reduces the distance between each of the two seat mechanisms 4; or, the telescopic mechanism is used to move the plurality of seat mechanisms 4 simultaneously in the second direction, and increases each two The distance between the seat mechanisms 4.
  • the front and rear seat mechanisms 4 or the front and rear two rows of seat mechanisms 4 can achieve the effect of linkage.
  • the telescopic mechanism includes: a plurality of telescopic links; the telescopic link may be a diamond structure, and the ends of the telescopic links of the plurality of rhombic structures are hinged to form a mesh structure.
  • the front and rear ends of the telescopic link of the mesh structure are respectively connected to the bottom or side of the two seat mechanisms 4, and when the current one or the previous row of the seat mechanism 4 moves, the telescopic movement of the telescopic link of the mesh structure is driven.
  • the latter seat mechanism 4 or the rear row moves and reduces or increases the distance between the front and rear seat mechanisms 4 or the front and rear two rows of seat mechanisms 4.
  • a drive mechanism for providing a driving force to the seat mechanism 4 and the telescopic mechanism is further provided in the vehicle interior.
  • the drive mechanism includes a drive motor, a gear set, and a gear link connected to the first seat mechanism 4 of the plurality of seat mechanisms 4.
  • the drive motor outputs a driving force based on a control signal of the train management control system, and transmits the driving force to the seat mechanism 4 of the first position through the cooperation of the gear set and the gear link.
  • the first seat mechanism 4 transmits the coupled power to the next or next row of seat mechanisms 4 through the telescopic mechanism.
  • the first position in this scheme refers to the first or first row of seat mechanisms 4 near the side of the drive motor.
  • the seat mechanism 4 includes: a rebound seat composed of a base, a seat frame, a backrest and an armrest; the backrest is fixed on the base, and the seat frame is elastically flipped relative to the backrest; A seat cushion is provided on the frame, and the armrest is disposed on both sides of the backrest.
  • the seat mechanism 4 in order to ensure the stability of the seat mechanism 4 after reaching the predetermined position, the seat mechanism 4 is further provided with a locking mechanism for positionally locking the seat mechanism 4.
  • the locking mechanism comprises: a spring latch disposed at the bottom of the seat mechanism 4; an electromagnet disposed on the chassis 3 or the floor 6 of the compartment mounted on the chassis 3; and, for controlling the electromagnet Or a power failure control switch.
  • the electromagnet When the electromagnet is controlled by the control switch, the electromagnet attracts the spring pin to be inserted into the through hole previously set in the floor of the car to complete the locking of the seat mechanism 4 in the horizontal direction; when the electromagnet is controlled by the control switch When the electric power is applied, the bolt is pulled out from the through hole previously set in the floor of the car by the spring force, and returns to the initial reset to release the locking of the seat mechanism 4 in the horizontal direction.
  • an isolation mechanism for regionally isolating the cargo loading area and the seating area of the seat mechanism 4 is further provided in the vehicle compartment.
  • the isolation mechanism is disposed on the roof frame 1 or the side wall 2 of the vehicle.
  • the isolation mechanism may be: pulling the roller blind. If the pull roller blind is disposed on the top frame 1, when the seat mechanism 4 is moved to the side of the compartment space, the drawn end of the drawn roller blind is preset on the floor 6 of the car.
  • the securing structure is fixed to isolate the cargo loading area and the seating area of the seat mechanism 4.
  • the drawn roller blind is disposed on the side wall 2 on one side of the compartment, when the seat mechanism 4 is moved to the side of the compartment space, the drawn end of the drawn roller blind is preset
  • the fastening structure on the side wall 2 on the other side of the carriage is fixed to isolate the cargo loading area from the seating area of the seat mechanism 4.
  • a plurality of pull-out roller blinds are respectively arranged on the side walls 2 on both sides of the compartment, when the seat mechanism 4 is moved to the side of the compartment space, the drawing ends of the two drawn roller blinds are used.
  • the preset snap-on structure secures the two roller blinds to isolate the cargo loading area from the seating area of the seat mechanism 4.
  • the isolation mechanism may also be: a folding baffle.
  • the folding baffle is disposed on the top frame 1, when the seat mechanism 4 is moved to the side of the compartment space, the tensile end of the folding baffle and the fastening structure preset on the floor 6 of the compartment are Fixed to isolate the cargo loading area from the seating area of the seat mechanism 4. If the folding baffle is disposed on the side wall 2 on one side of the compartment, when the seat mechanism 4 is moved to the side of the compartment space, the stretching end of the folding baffle is preset to the other side of the compartment The securing structure on the side wall 2 is fixed to isolate the cargo loading area from the seating area of the seat mechanism 4.
  • a folding baffle is respectively disposed on the side wall 2 on both sides of the compartment, when the seat mechanism 4 is moved to the side of the compartment space, the preset card on the stretching end of the two folding baffles is utilized.
  • the solid structure secures the two baffles to isolate the cargo loading area from the seating area of the seat mechanism 4.
  • a card loading mechanism for loading the goods is provided on the floor 6 of the car that is mounted on the car frame 3 .
  • the card loading mechanism comprises: a card holder fixed on the chassis 3 or the floor 6 of the car and a card fastener hinged with the card holder; one side of the card fastener is hinged to the card holder, and the other side is passed through a spring A latch is coupled to the card holder.
  • the spring latch When the fastener is pressed, the spring latch is unlocked, and the other side of the fastener is bounced by the spring force of the spring, and the raised side of the fastener is used to jam the loaded goods; when the fastener is pressed again, the spring card is The lock enters a locked state, and the other side of the fastener presses against the spring, causing the spring to be in a compressed state.
  • the infrastructure areas such as the bathroom 7, the washroom 8 and the dining area are further provided in the car to provide passengers or staff with the life on the road. facility. It is also possible to provide a control room 9 in the cabin for staff rest and mobility control of the cabin.
  • the toilet 7, the washroom 8, the dining area, the control room 9, and the like may be disposed on one side of the end wall of the compartment, so that the area in the middle of the compartment can be concentrated for use in passenger or cargo space.
  • the present scheme further discloses a train comprising a passenger compartment as described above.
  • the technical solution described in the present application automatically designs the seat structure to reduce the space size of the seat structure.
  • the seat cushion is turned down for the passenger to rest.
  • the seat cushion automatically rebounds.
  • all of the seat mechanisms 4 are moved by the sliding mechanism 5 to a predetermined seat placement area or a number of seat placement areas, and all the seat mechanisms 4 are concentrated according to a pre-arranged plan. After being placed, the remaining compartment space is used for storage and transportation of the goods.
  • the technical solution described in the present application can quickly move the seat in a certain direction to change the arrangement of the seat in the vehicle when the passenger is not required to be carried, thereby vacating the loading space for loading and transporting the cargo, and improving the train. Utilization rate, improve the economy of the train.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vehicle Step Arrangements And Article Storage (AREA)

Abstract

一种车厢，包括：由顶架（1）、侧墙（2）和底架（3）围成的车厢空间；车厢空间内设有多个能够相对于车厢沿列车行进方向往复移动的座椅机构（4）；当多个座椅机构（4）集中移动至车厢空间内的某个区域时，车厢空间内的剩余区域用于装载货物。在不需要载客的时候，能够快速将座椅向某方向进行移动收拢改变车内座椅的布置，从而腾出装载空间用于实现货物的装载运输，提高列车的利用率，提高列车的经济性。

Description

一种车厢和列车 技术领域
本申请涉及轨道交通技术，具体地，涉及一种客货通用的列车车厢和列车。
背景技术
随着现在社会物流网的高速发展，物流的运输主要采用三种方式：1、采用公路运输，适应于短距离运输；2、采用航空运输，航空运输成本高；3、采用铁路运输，运输成本低。但是现在高铁无法实现货物的运输，只能进行载客运行，无法满足在特定要求下货物的运输情况。
在现在运营的高速铁路运输辆中存在以下几个缺点：
(1)虽然现在的高铁运营速度快，但是没有货运的功能，满足不了快速物流的需求；
(2)虽然相关铁路局在应用高铁空载检测运营中，利用客室搭载货物，但是货物的运营辆少，货物种类要求苛刻，满足不了快速物流的需求；
(3)在客流量低时，高速客车无法装载货物，使得高速客车出现空载运营的资源浪费问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题之一，本申请提供了一种车厢，该车厢包括：由顶架、侧墙和底架围成的车厢空间；
所述车厢空间内设有多个能够相对于车厢沿列车行进方向往复移动的座椅机构；
当所述多个座椅机构集中移动至车厢空间内的某个区域时，所述车厢空间内的剩余区域用于装载货物。
在一些可选的实现方式中，当所述多个座椅机构散布移动至所述车厢空间内的所有区域时，所述车厢空间用于承载旅客。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述座椅机构通过滑动机构固定在车厢侧墙和/或固定在架设于车厢底架上的车厢地板上，并通过滑动机构在相对于车厢沿列车行进的方向上往复移动。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述滑动机构包括：滑轨和滑轮；所述滑轨固定在车厢侧墙和/或固定在架设于车厢底架上的车厢地板上；所述滑轮固定在所述座椅机构底部；
所述滑轮在所述滑轨上往复移动，并带动座椅机构相对于车厢沿列车行进方向往复移动。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述滑动机构包括：滑槽和滑块；所述滑槽固定在车厢侧墙和/或固定在架设于车厢底架上的车厢地板上；所述滑块固定在所述座椅机构底部；
所述滑块通过轴承在所述滑槽内往复移动，并带动座椅机构在相对于车厢沿列车行进的方向上往复移动。
在一些可选的实现方式中，在所述车厢内沿列车行进方向至少设有一列均匀排布的座椅机构。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述多个座椅机构之间设有伸缩机构，用于使多个座椅机构同时向第一方向移动，并减小每两个座椅机构间的距离；或，使多个座椅机构同时向第二方向移动，并增加每两个座椅机构间的距离。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述伸缩机构包括：多个伸缩连杆，所述伸缩连杆分别与前后两个座椅机构或前后两行座椅机构的底部或侧面连接，通过伸缩连杆的伸缩运动带动前后两个座椅机构或前后两行座椅机构移动，并且减小或增加前后两个座椅机构或前后两行座椅机构之间的距离。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述车厢进一步设有用于为座椅机构和伸缩机构提供驱动力的驱动机构。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述驱动机构包括：驱动电机、齿轮组和与多个座椅机构中首位座椅机构连接的齿轮连杆；
所述电机基于列车管理控制系统的控制信号输出驱动力，通过齿轮组与齿 轮连杆的配合，将驱动力传给首位的座椅机构；
首位座椅机构通过伸缩机构将联动力传递给下一个或下一行座椅机构。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述座椅机构包括：底座、座架、靠背和扶手；
所述靠背固定在底座上，所述座架可相对于靠背弹性翻转；
所述座架上设有椅垫，所述扶手设置在所述靠背的两侧。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述座椅机构上设有用于对座椅机构进行位置锁固的锁定机构。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述锁定机构包括：
设置在座椅机构底部的弹簧插销；
设置在底架或架设于车厢底架上的车厢地板上的电磁铁；和，
用于控制电磁铁得电或失电的控制开关；
当利用控制开关控制电磁铁得电时，电磁铁吸引弹簧插销插入预先设置在车厢地面上的通孔内；
当利用控制开关控制电磁铁失电时，在弹簧弹力的作用下将插销从预先设置在车厢地面上的通孔内抽出，回到初始复位。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述车厢内设有用于对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区域进行区域隔离的隔离机构；
所述隔离机构设置在车厢顶架或侧墙上。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述隔离机构包括：至少一组抽拉卷帘；
所述抽拉卷帘设置在顶架上，当所述座椅机构移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，将抽拉出的卷帘的抽拉端与预设于车厢地板上的卡固结构固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区进行隔离；或，
所述抽拉卷帘设置在车厢一侧的侧墙上，当所述座椅机构移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，将抽拉出的卷帘的抽拉端与预设于车厢另一侧的侧墙上的卡固结构固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区进行隔离；或，
在车厢两侧的侧墙上分别设置一组抽拉卷帘，当所述座椅机构移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，利用两个抽拉出的卷帘的抽拉端上预设的卡固结构将两个卷 帘固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区进行隔离。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述隔离机构包括：至少一套折叠挡板；
所述折叠挡板设置在顶架上，当所述座椅机构移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，将折叠挡板的拉伸端与预设于车厢地板上的卡固结构固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区进行隔离；或，
所述折叠挡板设置在车厢一侧的侧墙上，当所述座椅机构移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，将折叠挡板的拉伸端与预设于车厢另一侧的侧墙2上的卡固结构固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区进行隔离；或，
在车厢两侧的侧墙上分别设置一套折叠挡板，当所述座椅机构移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，利用两个折叠挡板的拉伸端上预设的卡固结构将两个挡板固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区进行隔离。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述车厢内在架设于所述车厢底架上的车厢地板上设有用于装卡货物的装卡机构。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述装卡机构包括：固定在底架或车厢地板上的卡座和与所述卡座铰接的卡固件；
所述卡固件的一侧与卡座铰接，另一侧通过弹簧卡锁与所述卡座连接；
当按压卡固件时，弹簧卡锁解除锁定状态，通过弹簧的弹力将卡固件的另一侧弹起，卡固件的升起侧用于卡住装载的货物；
当再次按压卡固件时，弹簧卡锁进入锁定状态，所述卡固件的另一侧压住弹簧，使其处于压缩状态。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述车厢内靠近车厢端墙的一侧进一步设有卫生间、洗漱间和控制室中的至少一种。
为解决上述技术问题之一，本申请提供了一种列车，该列车包括：如上任意一项所述的车厢。
本申请的有益效果如下：
本申请所述技术方案，在不需要载客的时候，能够快速将座椅向某方向进行移动收拢改变车内座椅的布置，从而腾出装载空间用于实现货物的装载运输， 提高列车的利用率，提高列车的经济性。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本方案所述车厢作为客车厢的示意图；
图2为本方案所述车厢作为客车厢的俯视图；
图3为本方案所述车厢作为货车厢的示意图；
图4为本方案所述车厢作为货车厢的第一种形式的俯视图；
图5为本方案所述车厢作为货车厢的第二种形式的俯视图
图6为本方案所述客车厢和货车厢的对比示意图；
图7为本方案所述滑动机构5设置的三种不同形式的示意图。
1、顶架，2、侧墙，3、底架，4、座椅机构，5、滑动机构，6、车厢地板，7、卫生间，8、洗漱间，9、控制室。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请实施例中的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行进一步详细的说明，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是所有实施例的穷举。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
本申请的核心思路是将车厢内的座椅设计为可以相对于车厢往复移动的形式，这样便可在客运量降低的时候，将座椅集中移动至座椅放置区，空余出来的车厢空间可以用来装载清洁的成品货物，由此，增加高铁运输的货运功能，提高资源利用率。
具体的，如图1、图2所示，本申请公开了一种车厢，该车厢包括：顶架1、侧墙2、和底架3；所述顶架1通过两个的侧墙2与底架3固接，形成车厢的使 用空间。在车厢的使用空间内设有多个能够响度与车厢沿列车行进方向往复移动的座椅机构4。当所述多个座椅机构4集中移动至车厢空间内的某个区域时，所述车厢空间内的剩余区域可用于装载货物，其中，所述某个区域可以是沿列车行进方向的车厢空间的前侧区域、中间区域或后侧区域，也可以是车厢空间的左右两侧，如图3、图4、图5所示。当所述多个座椅机构4通过水平移动的方式，均匀的散布在所述车厢空间内的所有区域时，所述车厢空间用于承载旅客。通过此方式可以实现，车厢进行客运或货运的转换，提高高速列车的利用率，满足快速物流的需求，如图6客车厢和货车厢的对比示意图所示。
本方案中，如图7所示，所述座椅机构4通过滑动机构5固定在车厢侧墙2和/或固定在架设于车厢底架3上的车厢地板6上，并通过滑动机构5在相对于车厢沿列车行进的方向上往复移动。其中，所述滑动机构5的结构可以为：滑轨和滑轮的配合滑动；所述滑轨固定在车厢侧墙2和/或固定在架设于车厢底架3上的车厢地板6上，所述滑轮固定在座椅结构的底部；所述滑轮能够在滑轨内往复移动，通过滑轮的移动带动所述座椅机构4相对于车厢沿列车行进方向往复移动。所述滑动机构5的结构还可以为：滑槽和滑块的配合滑动；所述滑槽固定在车厢侧墙2和/或固定在架设于车厢底架3上的车厢地板6上，所述滑块固定在所述座椅机构4底部；所述滑块通过轴承的滑动作用能够在所述滑槽内往复移动，通过滑块的移动带动所述座椅机构4在相对于车厢沿列车行进的方向上往复移动。
本方案中，车厢的座椅机构4排布方式可以按照沿列车行进方向均匀的排成一列或多列；进一步的，所述座椅机构4可以设置在沿列车行进方向的单侧或两侧。每一列或每一侧的座椅数量可以根据额定载客人数和实际载客人数进行适应性调整。图2中给出了其中一种客车厢中座椅机构排布的方式。
本方案中，为了方便对所有座椅机构4的整体移动控制，前后两个座椅机构4之间或前后两行的座椅机构4之间设置有伸缩机构；该伸缩机构用于使多个座椅机构4同时向第一方向移动，并减小每两个座椅机构4间的距离；或，该伸缩机构用于使多个座椅机构4同时向第二方向移动，并增加每两个座椅机 构4间的距离。如此，前后两个座椅机构4或前后两行的座椅机构4就可以实现联动的效果。其中，在一些可选的实现方式中，所述伸缩机构包括：多个伸缩连杆；所述伸缩连杆可以为菱形结构，多个菱形结构的伸缩连杆之间端部铰接形成网状结构；网状结构的伸缩连杆的前后两端分别与两个座椅机构4的底部或侧面连接，当前一个或前一行座椅机构4移动时，通过网状结构的伸缩连杆的伸缩运动带动后一个座椅机构4或后一行移动，并且减小或增加前后两个座椅机构4或前后两行座椅机构4之间的距离。
本方案中，为了实现自动控制座椅机构4的移动，在所述车厢内进一步设有用于为座椅机构4和伸缩机构提供驱动力的驱动机构。其中，所述驱动机构包括：驱动电机、齿轮组和与多个座椅机构4中首位座椅机构4连接的齿轮连杆。所述驱动电机基于列车管理控制系统的控制信号输出驱动力，通过齿轮组与齿轮连杆的配合，将驱动力传给首位的座椅机构4。首位座椅机构4通过伸缩机构将联动力传递给下一个或下一行座椅机构4。本方案中的首位指的是：靠近驱动电机一侧的第一个或第一列座椅机构4。
本方案中，所述座椅机构4包括：由底座、座架、靠背和扶手组成的回弹座椅；所述靠背固定在底座上，所述座架可相对于靠背弹性翻转；所述座架上设有椅垫，所述扶手设置在所述靠背的两侧。
本方案中，为了保证座椅机构4到达预定位置后的稳固性，在所述座椅机构4上进一步设有用于对座椅机构4进行位置锁固的锁定机构。其中，所述锁定机构包括：设置在座椅机构4底部的弹簧插销；设置在底架3或架设于车厢底架3上的车厢地板6上的电磁铁；和，用于控制电磁铁得电或失电的控制开关。当利用控制开关控制电磁铁得电时，电磁铁吸引弹簧插销插入预先设置在车厢地面上的通孔内，完成对座椅机构4在水平方向上的锁固；当利用控制开关控制电磁铁失电时，在弹簧弹力的作用下将插销从预先设置在车厢地面上的通孔内抽出，回到初始复位，解除对座椅机构4在水平方向上的锁固。
本方案中，为了防止货物装载区的货物滑落或移动至已经收起的座椅放置区，在所述车厢内进一步设有用于对货物装载区域和座椅机构4放置区域进行 区域隔离的隔离机构；所述隔离机构设置在车厢顶架1或侧墙2上。其中，所述隔离机构可以为：抽拉卷帘。若所述抽拉卷帘设置在顶架1上，当所述座椅机构4移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，将抽拉出的卷帘的抽拉端与预设于车厢地板6上的卡固结构固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构4放置区进行隔离。若所述抽拉卷帘设置在车厢一侧的侧墙2上，当所述座椅机构4移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，将抽拉出的卷帘的抽拉端与预设于车厢另一侧的侧墙2上的卡固结构固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构4放置区进行隔离。若在车厢两侧的侧墙2上分别设置一组抽拉卷帘，当所述座椅机构4移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，利用两个抽拉出的卷帘的抽拉端上预设的卡固结构将两个卷帘固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构4放置区进行隔离。所述隔离机构还可以为：折叠挡板。若所述折叠挡板设置在顶架1上，当所述座椅机构4移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，将折叠挡板的拉伸端与预设于车厢地板6上的卡固结构固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构4放置区进行隔离。若所述折叠挡板设置在车厢一侧的侧墙2上，当所述座椅机构4移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，将折叠挡板的拉伸端与预设于车厢另一侧的侧墙2上的卡固结构固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构4放置区进行隔离。若在车厢两侧的侧墙2上分别设置一套折叠挡板，当所述座椅机构4移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，利用两个折叠挡板的拉伸端上预设的卡固结构将两个挡板固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构4放置区进行隔离。
本方案中，为了防止装载的货物发生移动，在架设于所述车厢底架3上的车厢地板6上设有用于装卡货物的装卡机构。其中，所述装卡机构包括：固定在底架3或车厢地板6上的卡座和与所述卡座铰接的卡固件；所述卡固件的一侧与卡座铰接，另一侧通过弹簧卡锁与所述卡座连接。当按压卡固件时，弹簧卡锁解除锁定状态，通过弹簧的弹力将卡固件的另一侧弹起，卡固件的升起侧用于卡住装载的货物；当再次按压卡固件时，弹簧卡锁进入锁定状态，所述卡固件的另一侧压住弹簧，使弹簧处于被压缩状态。
本方案中，如图2所示，为了方便车厢内的旅客或工作人员，会进一步在车厢内设置卫生间7、洗漱间8和餐饮区等基础设施区，为旅客或工作人员提 供旅途中的生活设施。还可以在车厢内设置控制室9，用于工作人员休息和对车厢进行机动性控制。所述卫生间7、洗漱间8、餐饮区、控制室9等可以设置在车厢端墙的一侧，这样车厢中间的区域就可以集中用于客运或货运空间使用。
本方案进一步公开了一种列车，该列车包括如上所述的车厢。
本申请所述技术方案将座椅设计自动回弹结构，减小座椅结构的空间尺寸，当旅客乘坐时，坐垫下翻用于旅客休息，当旅客离开座椅的时候，坐垫自动回弹，呈现折合状态。当需要进行装载货物时，所有座椅机构4通过滑动机构5移向预先安排的某个座椅放置区域或者某几个座椅放置区，将所有的座椅机构4按照预先安排的方案进行集中放置后，剩余的车厢空间用于货物的储藏运输。
本申请所述技术方案，在不需要载客的时候，能够快速将座椅向某方向进行移动收拢改变车内座椅的布置，从而腾出装载空间用于实现货物的装载运输，提高列车的利用率，提高列车的经济性。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种车厢，其特征在于，该车厢包括：由顶架、侧墙和底架围成的车厢空间；
    所述车厢空间内设有多个能够相对于车厢沿列车行进方向往复移动的座椅机构；
    当所述多个座椅机构集中移动至车厢空间内的某个区域时，所述车厢空间内的剩余区域用于装载货物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车厢，其特征在于，当所述多个座椅机构散布移动至所述车厢空间内的所有区域时，所述车厢空间用于承载旅客。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述座椅机构通过滑动机构固定在车厢侧墙和/或固定在架设于车厢底架上的车厢地板上，并通过滑动机构在相对于车厢沿列车行进的方向上往复移动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述滑动机构包括：滑轨和滑轮；所述滑轨固定在车厢侧墙和/或固定在架设于车厢底架上的车厢地板上；所述滑轮固定在所述座椅机构底部；
    所述滑轮在所述滑轨上往复移动，并带动座椅机构相对于车厢沿列车行进方向往复移动。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述滑动机构包括：滑槽和滑块；所述滑槽固定在车厢侧墙和/或固定在架设于车厢底架上的车厢地板上；所述滑块固定在所述座椅机构底部；
    所述滑块通过轴承在所述滑槽内往复移动，并带动座椅机构在相对于车厢沿列车行进的方向上往复移动。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的车厢，其特征在于，在所述车厢内沿列车行进方向至少设有一列均匀排布的座椅机构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述多个座椅机构之间设有伸缩机构，用于使多个座椅机构同时向第一方向移动，并减小每两个座椅机构 间的距离；或，用于使多个座椅机构同时向第二方向移动，并增加每两个座椅机构间的距离。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述伸缩机构包括：多个伸缩连杆，所述伸缩连杆分别与前后两个座椅机构或前后两行座椅机构的底部或侧面连接，通过伸缩连杆的伸缩运动带动前后两个座椅机构或前后两行座椅机构同时移动，并且减小或增加前后两个座椅机构或前后两行座椅机构之间的距离。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述车厢进一步设有用于为座椅机构和伸缩机构提供驱动力的驱动机构。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述驱动机构包括：驱动电机、齿轮组和与多个座椅机构中首位座椅机构连接的齿轮连杆；
    所述电机基于列车管理控制系统的控制信号输出驱动力，通过齿轮组与齿轮连杆的配合，将驱动力传给首位的座椅机构；
    首位座椅机构通过伸缩机构将联动力传递给下一个或下一行座椅机构。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述座椅机构包括：底座、座架、靠背和扶手；
    所述靠背固定在底座上，所述座架可相对于靠背弹性翻转；
    所述座架上设有椅垫，所述扶手设置在所述靠背的两侧。
  12. 根据权利要求1或11所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述座椅机构上设有用于对座椅机构进行位置锁固的锁定机构。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述锁定机构包括：
    设置在座椅机构底部的弹簧插销；
    设置在底架或架设于车厢底架上的车厢地板上的电磁铁；和，
    用于控制电磁铁得电或失电的控制开关；
    当利用控制开关控制电磁铁得电时，电磁铁吸引弹簧插销插入预先设置在车厢地面上的通孔内；
    当利用控制开关控制电磁铁失电时，在弹簧弹力的作用下将插销从预先设 置在车厢地面上的通孔内抽出，回到初始复位。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述车厢内设有用于对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区域进行区域隔离的隔离机构；
    所述隔离机构设置在车厢顶架或侧墙上。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述隔离机构包括：至少一组抽拉卷帘；
    所述抽拉卷帘设置在顶架上，当所述座椅机构移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，将抽拉出的卷帘的抽拉端与预设于车厢地板上的卡固结构固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区进行隔离；或，
    所述抽拉卷帘设置在车厢一侧的侧墙上，当所述座椅机构移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，将抽拉出的卷帘的抽拉端与预设于车厢另一侧的侧墙上的卡固结构固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区进行隔离；或，
    在车厢两侧的侧墙上分别设置一组抽拉卷帘，当所述座椅机构移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，利用两个抽拉出的卷帘的抽拉端上预设的卡固结构将两个卷帘固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区进行隔离。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述隔离机构包括：至少一套折叠挡板；
    所述折叠挡板设置在顶架上，当所述座椅机构移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，将折叠挡板的拉伸端与预设于车厢地板上的卡固结构固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区进行隔离；或，
    所述折叠挡板设置在车厢一侧的侧墙上，当所述座椅机构移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，将折叠挡板的拉伸端与预设于车厢另一侧的侧墙上的卡固结构固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区进行隔离；或，
    在车厢两侧的侧墙上分别设置一套折叠挡板，当所述座椅机构移动至所述车厢空间一侧时，利用两个折叠挡板的拉伸端上预设的卡固结构将两个挡板固定，对货物装载区域和座椅机构放置区进行隔离。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述车厢内在架设于所述 车厢底架上的车厢地板上设有用于装卡货物的装卡机构。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述装卡机构包括：固定在底架或车厢地板上的卡座和与所述卡座铰接的卡固件；
    所述卡固件的一侧与卡座铰接，另一侧通过弹簧卡锁与所述卡座连接；
    当按压卡固件时，弹簧卡锁解除锁定状态，通过弹簧的弹力将卡固件的另一侧弹起，卡固件的升起侧用于卡住装载的货物；
    当再次按压卡固件时，弹簧卡锁进入锁定状态，所述卡固件的另一侧压住弹簧，使其处于压缩状态。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述车厢内靠近车厢端墙的一侧进一步设有卫生间、洗漱间和控制室中的至少一种。
  20. 一种列车，其特征在于，该列车包括：如权利要求1至19任意一项所述的车厢。
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