CN115520082A - 双层客车 - Google Patents
双层客车 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115520082A CN115520082A CN202210727125.9A CN202210727125A CN115520082A CN 115520082 A CN115520082 A CN 115520082A CN 202210727125 A CN202210727125 A CN 202210727125A CN 115520082 A CN115520082 A CN 115520082A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- footrest
- seat
- chair
- pair
- cushion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- B64D2011/0069—Rest berths, beds or the like
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Abstract
传统的乘客车在其过道的两侧具有下层甲板和上层甲板,以将其座位面积加倍。每个甲板的天花板和座椅高度与轿车大致相同,因此不会显着增加车辆高度。两个甲板都被分成带有隔墙的座位区,在一个座位区,每个甲板只包含一排电动可躺椅。每个可躺椅都有一个电动搁脚板单独安装在座椅前面的隔墙上,以提供舒适的坐感,并与可躺椅形成一张床。搁脚板也可以放置在更高的高度,用作吃饭或工作的桌子。搁脚板并可垂直存放,为座椅留出更多腿部空间。在车辆的某些部分,每个座位区都可以安装两排只坐椅,以增加车辆的容量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种客车,该客车具有过道和位于过道两侧的用于就座的双层甲板。
背景技术
在公共汽车、火车或飞机等公共交通工具中,车辆中的大多数座位都只能坐着,以最大限度地发挥其容量。没有传统的乘用车提供两个甲板以将其座位区加倍并具有完全倾斜的座椅以提供舒适的坐姿。
发明内容
对于很多人来说,长途旅行乘坐公共汽车或火车是一件很累的经历,而乘坐座位拥挤的飞机则更加不愉快。所有客运车辆都提供过道足够的高度让乘客到达他们的座位。然而,一旦坐下,乘客就不需要座位上方的空间。本公开将提出一个概念,即传统的客车将具有位于地板(或下甲板)上方的上甲板,以使其座位面积加倍。每个甲板的天花板高度与中型轿车的高度大致相同,因此车辆的高度不会大幅增加。
沿着车辆的过道,两个甲板都用隔墙分隔成座位区,每个座位区只有一排电动可躺椅。每个座位都有一个单独安装的搁脚板,以提高坐姿的舒适度并形成一张完整的睡床。此外,搁脚板具有动力连杆,允许就座的人将其升高到更理想的高度以休息或用作吃饭或工作的桌子。搁脚板垂直存放,为乘客提供更多腿部空间。在每个座位区,过道的每一侧都有一个电动梯,让乘客可以爬到上层甲板。
使用双层座位,即使每个座位区都比传统座位长;与同等大小的坐式车辆相比,车辆的容量不会显着降低。座椅设置的优点在于,每个带有搁脚板的座椅和座椅周围提供的便利设施就像一个小房间,让任何乘客真正享受任何旅行。如果公共交通中有大量这种座位,票价可能会变得非常实惠。希望很多人放弃自驾浪费能源的出行方式,选择乘坐公共交通工具,享受更愉快的旅程。同时,公共交通将更有效地运行,从而有助于应对气候变化。如果需要增加座位数量,车辆的某些部分可以提供只坐椅,以将每个座位区的座位数量增加一倍,以供票价较低的乘客使用。
所需的可躺椅必须低型,并且在倾斜时不会侵入后面的空间。市场上所有的可躺椅都太高太复杂,无法达到其目的。然而,我的美国专利6,439,636中描述的具有简单配置的可躺椅是可用。座椅的座椅靠背和坐垫分别铰接在底座上,并有一对连杆将它们连接起来,当靠背倾斜时,使坐垫以不同的速度倾斜,而当靠背完全倾斜时,可让它们成为床的上部。通过使用较短的连杆,可躺椅将像中型轿车一样具有低型的轮廓。为了使座椅倾斜而不侵入后面的空间,改装需要一对倾斜杆和一对线性滑轨安装在座椅上。在本公开中,将首先介绍座椅的设计,然后是公共汽车、火车和大型飞机的座位布置。
本发明的这些和其他优点将从优选实施例的随后详细描述和所附权利要求结合附图变得显而易见。
附图说明
在说明书的以下详细部分中,将参考图1至图42中所示的示例实施例更详细地解释座椅和乘用车。
图1是可躺椅的侧视图。
图2是可躺椅的前视图。为清楚起见,未显示正面安全盖布和封盖。
图3是可躺椅和搁脚板在水平位置形成床的侧视图。
图4是可躺椅的局部横截面后视图。
图5是可躺椅的局部横截面侧视图。
图6是椅背铰链的局部横截面后视图。
图7是椅背铰链轴的侧视图及其端视图。
图8是底架的等距视图。
图9是基架的等距视图。
图10是底架安全盖的前视图及其侧视图。
图11是扶手的侧视图及其前视图。
图12是扶手端部的横截面侧视图及其前视图。为清楚起见,连杆与棘爪的连接显示在齿盘上方,棘爪的铰链和扭簧的连接显示在齿盘下方。
图13是扶手前部的局部剖视侧视图及其主视图。
图14包含座椅的两个位置,以帮助理解其连杆机构的工作原理:下图是处于坐姿的座椅,上图是处于睡眠位置的座椅。为清楚起见,未显示底架。
图15是杯架的侧视图和俯视图。
图16是处于竖直位置的搁脚板组件的前视图。
图17是处于竖直位置的搁脚板组件的局部前视图。
图18是臂驱动轴承座的侧视图。
图19是搁脚板驱动轴承座的侧视图。
图20是臂驱动器的侧视图。
图21是搁脚板驱动装置的侧视图。
图22是处于水平位置的搁脚板组件的侧视图。
图23是搁脚板的局部侧视图及其横截面后视图。
图24是搁脚板组件的局部横截面正视图,示出了铰接在搁脚板上的平行臂。
图25是搁脚板组件的局部横截面前视图,示出铰接在铰链臂上的被动平行臂。
图26是铰链臂的等距视图。
图27是主动平行臂的侧视图及其俯视图。
图28是被动平行臂的侧视图及其俯视图。
图29是公交车双层座椅的前视图。作为参考,过道上以幻线显示了一个六英尺高的人物形象。
图30是公交车双层座椅的侧视图:左上层显示睡眠姿势,左下层显示坐姿,右上层显示处于放松坐姿的座位,右下层显示座位在工作位上。在右上层和下层甲板上,为清晰起见,座椅和脚部壁以及梯子壁以虚线显示。
图31是梯子的横截面俯视图,显示了处于水平位置的被动踏板。
图32是梯子的横截面俯视图,显示了处于缩回位置的活动踏板。
图33是梯子驱动轴承座的端视图及其侧视图。
图34是处于缩回位置的梯子的侧视图。
图35是梯子在水平位置的侧视图及其前视图。
图36是公交车双层座位的局部侧视图,其中部分下层为只坐椅。
图37是公交车后部是只坐椅部分的双层座椅的局部侧视图。
图38是飞机中双层座椅的正面剖视图。在下层甲板上,四个内部座位和两个左边靠窗的座位是只坐椅。作为参考,过道上以幻线显示了一个六英尺高的人物形象。
图39是搁脚板处于竖直位置的双层车辆的局部横截面前视图。在使用梯子之前,以虚线显示的上层走道座位的行李暂时远离脚墙。
图40是飞机中只坐椅部分的局部侧视图。
图41是飞机上只坐椅的随身行李舱的前视图。
图42是只坐椅的侧视图。
附图符号说明
100可躺椅、110椅背、112椅背软垫、114靠背框架、116靠背臂、117椅背铰链、120椅背叉臂、122扭力梁、124轴、126连杆、128螺旋扭簧、130座垫、132靠垫内饰、134靠垫框架、136角杆、137坐垫铰链孔、138后臂、140底架、142角杆、144前横管梁、146平臂、148第二梁、150板臂、152销、154斜梁、156后梁、158铰链板、160安全带、170基架、171基脚柱,172角钢,173顶板,174楼板柱,176楼板,178系梁、180电动蜗轮、182螺母、184底架盖、186倾翻杆、188椅背驱动器、190线性滑轨、192扶手、194弹性装饰布、196柔性盖板、197固定结构、198座椅靠背挡块、199底架挡块、200公共汽车,202隔墙,204下层,206上甲板,208搁脚组件,210搁脚板、212搁脚板支件、214铰链臂、216被动平行臂、218扭簧、220主动平行臂、222电动蜗轮、224铰臂衬套、226臂驱动器、228搁脚板驱动器、230电动蜗轮、232螺旋扭力弹簧,233塑料盖,234轴承座,236搁脚板软垫,238控制开关,244搁脚板框架,246压力感应条,252脚凳卫生盖,254魔术贴条,260臂驱动轴承座,262螺旋扭力弹簧、266角梁、268加强板、270扶手架、271扶手框架组件,272扶手软垫,274锁定板,278齿盘,282棘爪、283挡块,284扭簧、285臂挡、286连杆、288释放杆、290挡块、292缓冲条、294座位墙、296脚壁、298梯墙,300梯子,304脚杆,305顶踏板,306被动踏板,308梯子驱动、310电动蜗轮、314螺旋扭簧、316轴承座、318扶手、321遮阳板、322显示屏、324杯架、325隔墙推拉帘,326储物袋,327杯架盒,328推拉帘、329杯座、330板簧、332圆棒、333垫片、334只坐椅、336个阅读灯、338个视频屏幕、340个飞机、342拉帘,344行李网,346行李舱,350窗帘挂钩,352主门,354上门,356拉手,362食物托盘,364收纳袋。
具体实施方式
将通过实施例来描述双层客车200中的可躺椅100和座椅设置的以下详细描述。除非另有说明,在所有描述中,部件的前部是指朝向可躺椅100的前部的一侧,并且部件的后部、右侧和左侧自然地相对于前部限定。
可躺椅:
图1至图11中示出了主视图。可躺椅100沿纵向放置,其连接铰链沿横向放置。可躺椅100主要包括座垫130、椅背110、一对连杆126、一对扶手192、安全带160、底架140、椅背驱动器188、一对倾翻杆186、一对线性滑轨190、一对基架170和一对系梁178。椅背110在其上侧具有靠背软垫112,由下方的刚性靠背框架114支撑,并且在其上端具有头枕。座垫130其上侧具有软座垫132,由下方的座垫框架134支撑。椅背110和座垫130的上下表面被假定为平行的。座椅靠背框架114和坐垫框架134单独铰接在底架140上。每个铰接连接具有两个位置,一个在可躺椅100的每一侧。有一对靠背臂116,一个安装在座椅靠背的每一侧靠背框架114在其底部。每个靠背臂116具有两个孔:用于铰接在底架140上的座椅靠背铰链孔117和在孔下方用于连接到连杆126之一的座椅靠背连杆孔。
有一对短角杆136,一个安装在坐垫框架134的每一侧下方,以提供一个坐垫铰链孔137以铰接在底架140上。有一对后臂138,一个安装在坐垫框架134的每一侧上,从座垫框架134斜向下延伸以提供连接至连杆126的另一端的座垫连杆孔137。当椅背110倾斜时,连杆126移动座垫130以不同的速度倾斜。坐垫铰链孔137在竖直方向上低于靠背铰链孔117,使得当椅背110倾斜到水平时,座垫130也会倾斜到水平,并其表面与靠背的表面对齐以形成床的上部分。在就座位置,假设可躺椅100的椅背110从垂直方向倾斜15度并且其座垫130在前缘向上倾斜约10度,如图1和图14中的底部图所示。当椅背从垂直方向倾斜至45度时,坐垫将其前端进一步向上倾斜约13度,最大值如图30中右上甲板的坐姿所示。当椅背倾斜至水平位置时,坐垫将向下倾斜到水平面使其表面与椅背对齐如图3和图14中的上图所示。一块弹性装饰布194将其一端固定到椅背110的表面,并且其他端到座垫130以关闭它们之间的间隙。
在椅背铰链处,带有法兰的轴124用螺钉从内侧安装在每个靠背臂116上,以将椅背110铰接在底架140上。为了最小化操作可躺椅100所需的动力,螺旋扭簧128安装在轴124的开槽端。扭簧128的外端固定到安装在底架140上的销152上。图6和图7显示了示意图。
扶手:
在图11、12和13中示出了主视图。椅背110在每一侧安装了扶手192。下面的描述是当椅背处于坐姿时,其扶手192的上表面处于水平位置如图1所示。扶手192包含扶手软垫272和由扶手软垫272包围的扶手框架组件271。扶手框架组件271主要由扶手框架270、锁定板274、具有轴向短圆端的齿盘278、棘爪282、扭簧284、连杆286和释放杆288组成。扶手框架270是具有较窄开口前部和圆形封闭后端的槽形梁,其铰接在座椅靠背框架114上。扶手框架270的凸缘指向内。
锁定板274安装在扶手框架270的腹板上,与扶手框架的后圆形端同心,在其间具有圆形垫片。锁定板274具有轴向孔以铰接在齿盘278的短圆端上,齿盘通过一段圆管固定到椅背框架114。扶手框架270用带肩螺钉轴向固定到齿盘278。齿盘278在其圆周的一部分上具有多个三角形齿,覆盖椅背110从坐姿到睡姿的范围。每个三角形齿都有一个径向边缘和一个斜边拖在后面。第一个齿的径向边缘处于水平位置,其余的齿位于第一个齿的后面。棘爪282铰接于锁定板274突出的臂上,并与齿盘278上的第一齿的径向边缘啮合。棘爪282的铰链位于第一齿的下方,并位于第一齿的径向边缘的中点垂线上,如图12所示。因此扶手192只往下方向被棘爪282锁定。
扭簧284的一端连接到棘爪282,另一端连接到扶手框架270的腹板,以将棘爪282保持在与齿盘278上的齿接合的位置。连杆286其一端连接在棘爪282的顶部,另一端连接到与位于扶手框架270前端的释放杆288。释放杆288的底部垂直,其上部斜向后上倾斜至扶手架270。释放杆288的顶部铰接在扶手框架270上。
要放下扶手192,用手指拉动释放杆288的底部,直到释放杆碰到扶手框架270上的挡块290,棘爪282与齿盘278就脱离,扶手192就可自由移动.一旦释放杆288被释放,扶手192将再次锁定就位。
齿盘278有两个挡块283径向突出与扶手框架270的圆端上的臂挡285啮合。臂挡285与两个挡块283啮合时,将扶手192挡在坐姿位和它的最低位置。当扶手192处于其最低位置时,其上表面将与椅背的上表面平齐,以增加支撑处于睡眠位置的乘客的面积,如图3所示。扶手192的后端延伸超出后端扶手框架270用于相同的目的。
底架和线性滑轨:
主图如图3、图4、图8所示。底架140为铝合金组合件,主要由一对纵向铺设的角杆142、三根横管梁、前部144、第二梁148和后梁156组成。一对角杆142,其一个位于可躺椅100的每一侧附近并且其水平腿朝内。它们的每个垂直腿在其内表面安装线性滑轨190。三个横梁通过铆钉安装在一对角杆142上,以防止角杆142的直线度变形。第二梁148的端部延伸超过角杆142并单独安装板臂150,该板臂150为座椅靠背铰链提供孔,下方的另一个孔用于安装安全带160,以及用于保持螺旋弹簧128的销152。后梁156在下方安装一对铰链板158,提供用于安装机动蜗轮180的铰链孔。有一对平臂146,一个使用平头铆钉安装在每个角杆142上并指向上方以提供孔用于座垫铰链。
每个线性滑轨190的内侧由固定到地板的基架170支撑。线性滑轨190是带有滚珠轴承的重型伸缩通道滑轨,通常用于橱柜抽屉,具有足够的悬垂能力和很大的横向刚度。底架140应制造得尽可能长以容纳长滑块190以具有比所需更长的行程。额外的行程将提供更多的悬垂能力和横向刚度。椅背止动件198安装在固定结构197上,以在椅背110完全倾斜时将其保持在水平位置,并且有底架挡块199安装在固定结构上以将底架140在收回后保持在坐姿。
椅背驱动:
图4、5和14中示出了主要视图。椅背驱动器188由带有螺杆输出轴的电动蜗轮180、螺母182和叉臂120组成。螺母182具有穿过其中心的螺纹孔与蜗轮180的输出轴啮合,其两侧各有一盲孔与叉臂120铰接。叉臂120安装在固定到一对靠背臂116的圆形管的扭矩梁122上。电动蜗轮180的头部铰接在底架140上的一对铰链板158上,并且其输出轴指向前方与螺母182接合。当蜗轮180的输出轴旋转时,它移动螺母182以倾斜椅背110。
倾翻杆的安装:
图1和图3示出了主视图。这对相同的倾翻杆186分别将它们的前端铰接在椅背110侧面的凹槽中,并将它们的后端铰接在固定结构197上。当椅背驱动器188驱动椅背110倾斜时,靠背上的倾翻杆186的反作用力将使底架140在一对线性滑轨190上水平滑动。为了使可躺椅100在倾斜时不侵入后面的空间,倾卸杆186的前铰链位置必须使用等边三角形和直角三角形的特性来选择。以下描述基于可躺椅100的侧视图,其椅背110处于图3所示的水平位置。倾翻杆186的后端位于与椅背铰链相同的高度处,并且它们之间的距离为被命名为椅背极限。倾翻杆186的前部在椅背极限的中点处铰接在椅背110上,因此倾翻杆的长度是座椅靠背极限的一半。当椅背从水平位置向上旋转时,最初位于倾翻杆186的后铰链处的椅背极限点将竖直升高。图1所示的处于坐姿的可躺椅100是一个例子。因此,椅背110距其铰链的高度不得超过椅背极限,以确保椅背110在斜倚过程中不会侵入后面的空间。
基架:
图1、2和9中显示了主要视图。有一对基架170,一个单独安装在支撑底架140的每个线性滑轨190上。每个基架170由铝合金制成,由纵向铺设的角钢172和一对基脚柱171组成。角钢172的水平腿朝外,并将其垂直腿安装在线性滑轨190的内表面上。基脚柱171之一个位于角杆172的每一端附近并且用铆钉安装在角杆172的水平腿上。每个基脚柱171是包含顶板173、地板柱174和底板176的焊件。底板176通过两个螺栓安装在地板上。角杆172在其靠近每一端的水平腿上有一个孔,以安装系梁178的一端,保持两个角杆172的平行度,如图4和5所示。
安全罩:
主要示意图如图1和10所示。为了安全起见,可躺椅100前侧下方的空间要覆盖,以防止乘客在可躺椅100下方存放物品。柔性盖196覆盖了可躺椅100下方在座垫130和底架140的顶部空间的前侧。塑料基架盖184在其安装在底架140的前侧的顶部具有弹簧加载的铰链,并且其底部向下延伸至靠近地板。为了安全起见,底架140上的电动蜗轮传动180必须具有自动换向机构,使可躺椅100在遇到突然阻力时能够稍微缩回然后停止。此外,椅背110和座垫130上所有暴露部件的区域都应该被充分覆盖。
双层公共汽车座位:
图29和30中示出了主要的图解视图。在传统的长途客车中,车辆200沿着其过道将在两侧具有双层、下甲板204和上甲板206。两个甲板被分成等距间隔的座位区和隔墙202。因此,每个座位区具有四个座位间:在过道的每一侧上的一个上座位间和一个下座位间。在每个座位间,只有一排可躺椅100,每个座椅具有单独安装的搁脚板210以形成舒适的座椅和睡床。
座椅将使用实际尺寸以具有真实感。在高速公路上,公共汽车的最大法定宽度为八英尺六英寸(102英寸)。为了可躺椅100提供合适的宽度,一个座位间在过道的一侧可有两个座位,在另一侧有一个座位。这将为车辆200的结构壁和步行通道提供足够的空间。因此,沿过道的每个座位区可容纳6名乘客,如图29所示。通过利用座椅的低轮廓,如图1所示的坐姿从地板到座垫130前缘的高度设置为约12英寸,并且每个甲板的天花板高度为48英寸。这两个尺寸与中型轿车的尺寸大致相同。当可躺椅100向水平方向倾斜和脚踏板210形成床时,从地板到其表面的高度变为11英寸,如图3所示。允许上层地板有2英寸的厚度,则从过道地板到上层天花板的高度为98英寸,这个尺寸并不比传统的客车高多少。作为比较,图29显示了一个站在地板上的六英尺高的人形。
图29和30中所示的座椅布置尺寸如下。车宽为102英寸,每侧车壁允许3英寸,它的内部宽度为96英寸,可用于座椅。车壁内表面到靠窗座椅中心的距离为11.5英寸,一对座椅之间的距离为22.5英寸,过道座椅的中心到座位墙的外表面的距离为13.0英寸,步行通道的宽度为24.5英寸。沿着过道,每个座位区的内部长度为76英寸,隔墙的厚度为1英寸,这使得每个座位区的长度为77英寸。尺寸仅凭直觉选择,仅供参考。
搁脚板组件:
图16至图28中示出了主视图。在每个座位间中,可躺椅100安装在靠近座椅的后隔墙202面向前方并且脚踏板安装在前分隔壁上。脚踏板可以手动操作或电动操作,专门用作脚踏板。在本公开中,搁脚板210也将用作桌子并提高坐姿的舒适度。包含搁脚板210的搁脚组件208安装在可躺椅100的前隔墙202上。搁脚组件208还包括一对搁脚板支件212、臂驱动器226和搁脚板驱动器228。其中一个搁脚板支件212安装在搁脚板210的每一侧以支撑搁脚板210。每个搁脚板支件212包括铰链臂214和一对平行臂216、220。以下描述基于搁脚板210铰链臂214处于水平位置,其前部是面向可躺椅100的一侧。铰链臂214是有凸缘朝内的槽梁,并且其具有更宽的下凸缘以支撑搁脚板210。为了提供组装所需的直线度,铰链臂214将由铝挤压件制成。在其后端,铰链臂214在其垂直腹板中具有孔。法兰衬套224使用铆钉安装在该腹板的内表面,并与孔同心。
搁脚板组件的平行臂和臂驱动器:
在图16、17和22至25中示出了主视图。当搁脚板处于水平位置时,臂驱动器226可将搁脚板210升高到更高的高度。臂驱动器226由具有长输出轴的机动蜗轮222和具有螺旋扭力弹簧262的轴承座260组成。每个在搁脚板支件212中的一对平行臂216、220位于铰链臂214的内侧。两个臂216、220具有相同的长度并且它们的铰链孔都单独安装衬套以获得轴向刚度。平行臂216是被动的并且放置在前面,并且其头部铰接在铰链臂214上,其扭簧218定位在其中。另一个臂220是主动的并且其头部使用穿过其衬套221的销锁定到机动蜗轮222的驱动轴。被动臂216和主动臂220的头端位于相同的高度,并且它们的后端位于较高的高度并铰接到搁脚板210的侧框架。
蜗轮222安装在铰链臂214的外表面上,其轴端由安装在位于搁脚板210另一侧的铰链臂214上的轴承座260支撑。螺旋扭力弹簧262与该轴内端接合并将其外端固定在安装在轴承座260上的销上。作为警告,当主动臂处于上升位置的开始时,放置在搁脚板210上的重量在主动臂220上产生最大扭矩。为防止因误操作引起的机械故障,主动臂220和蜗轮222的部件应由高强度材料制成。
为了在搁脚板210升高到上限位置时在臂216和220的前端提供止挡,每个平行臂的上侧在前端比后侧更宽,以允许上部臂的前缘有一个倾斜的边缘作为挡块。为确保每个平行臂同时落在铰链臂214上,应加工该斜边。搁脚板的上限位置应在越过垂直的某处,使搁脚板有足够的高度和向前的位置。
搁脚板驱动:
图16、17、19、21和22中示出了主要视图。搁脚板驱动器228由带有长输出轴的电动蜗轮230和带有螺旋扭力弹簧232的轴承座234组成。电动蜗轮230和轴承座234安装在前隔墙上,并单独定位在搁脚组件208的侧面。机动蜗轮230将其轴穿过两个铰链臂214的铰链孔,并且其端部由轴承座234支撑。蜗轮的轴端具有开口槽以锚定在螺旋扭力弹簧232的中心端上,弹簧将其外端固定在安装在轴承座234上的销上。该轴用穿过轴的销个别锁定到两个铰链臂214的法兰衬套224使得蜗轮230能够旋转搁脚板210。蜗轮230和轴承座234在它们的内侧都具有突出边缘个别支撑铰链臂214,将搁脚板210保持在水平位置。机动蜗轮230停止在两个位置:搁脚板210在垂直位置用于存储和水平位置用作搁脚板或桌子。螺旋扭力弹簧232被塑料盖233覆盖,塑料盖233用螺钉固定到锚销。
搁脚板:
图16、17和22至25中示出了主要视图。搁脚板210是矩形形状,带有支撑其边缘的刚性框架244并覆盖软垫236。为了减轻其重量,搁脚板框架244应该由铝挤压件。搁脚板210的前侧嵌入了覆盖其整个宽度的压力感测条246以感测其上的任何压力。当搁脚板210处于水平位置并且可躺椅100倾斜以形成床时,如果就座者的腿不知不觉地放在地板上,则座垫130会将腿推靠在搁脚板210上。一旦腿部接触到搁脚板的前侧,感应条246就会启动控制,立即反转可躺椅100的机动蜗轮180的旋转,使座垫130稍微后退,然后停止以避免腿受伤。
搁脚板框架244的下部跨其宽度安装角梁266。角梁266有一个圆角,为蜗轮222的轴提供空间。加强板268安装在每个侧框架上,如图23所示。有一个可拆卸的卫生盖252覆盖搁脚板210的整个表面,而其前端和后端分别用魔术贴254或磁条卡扣在搁脚板210的前后表面。在将搁脚板用作桌子之前,卫生盖252应打开其前缘并翻转到后部。
为了操作安全,当搁脚板210处于水平位置时,控制开关238安装在蜗轮230的外壳上以与搁脚板210接合,从而允许搁脚板控制装置将搁脚板驱动器228和臂驱动器226设置为可操作.但是,一旦驱动器226、228中的一个将脚踏板移开以与控制开关238脱离,搁脚板控制将使得另一个驱动器不可操作,直到再次接合控制开关238。作为示例,如果臂驱动器226升高搁脚板210,则控制开关238将脱开,这使得搁脚板控制设置搁脚板驱动器228不可操作。当搁脚板返回到最低位置以与控制开关238接合时,搁脚板控制器将复位以使两个驱动器均可操作。如果搁脚板驱动器228将搁脚板210置于竖直位置,则控制开关238将脱开,这使得搁脚板控制设置臂驱动器226不可操作。如图16和17所示。
隔墙和座位墙:
图1、图2和图30中示出了主视图。为乘客提供安全,沿过道安装座位墙294在每个座椅处。座位墙294的后端连接到隔墙202。隔墙和座位墙都具有相同的高度,从而为安全提供最小的视觉障碍,尤其是在飞机中。在上甲板206上,具有较小高度的脚墙296从座位墙294向前延伸至前隔墙202。
梯子:
主图如图31至图35所示。在每个座位区的前隔墙202后面,有一个梯子墙298从地板延伸到下甲板天花板,其外表面与座位墙294平齐用于安装电动平行联动梯子300。梯子墙298还用作沿过道的上甲板的支撑。梯子300安装在梯子墙298的空腔中。梯子300由一对垂直脚杆304、位于基脚杆之间的五个等距的踏板305、306和梯子驱动器308组成。顶踏板305是主动的,由梯子驱动器308驱动,而其余的踏板306是被动的。每个踏板的上表面必须防滑。每个被动脚踏板306的后端铰接在安装在梯子结构上的圆杆332上。在踏板306的每一侧,在脚蹬306的腹板和梯子结构之空间中,在圆杆332上安装管状间隔件333,以将脚蹬306横向地保持就位。
梯子驱动器308由具有长输出轴的机动蜗轮310和具有螺旋扭力弹簧314的轴承座316组成。在顶踏板305的后铰链处,其腹板的内侧单独安装衬套并使用销钉锁定到蜗轮310的轴上。蜗轮310安装在梯子墙298结构上,靠近前隔壁的梯子300的一侧,轴承座316安装在梯子的另一侧,支撑蜗轮310的轴端。弹簧314将其内端与蜗轮310的开槽轴端接合,并将其外端接合在固定到轴承座316的销上。
踏板305,306的所有前端都铰接在脚杆304上。当梯子300展开时,这对脚杆304将立在地板上以支撑负载并将踏板305、306放置在水平位置以供攀爬。当踏板305,306处于水平位置时,它们的前铰链比它们的后铰链低一距离,使得当它们缩回到垂直存放位置时,它们的暴露面和脚杆304的外表面将被定位在梯子墙298的表面,如图34所示。顶踏板305的深度最窄,其下方的踏板306是相等量变宽,最低的踏板最宽。为了安全和美观,当梯子在处于存放位置时,所有未被踏脚和脚杆304占据的区域都应保留为梯壁的一部分。
为了具有较小的安装底座,机动齿轮310可以由机动高比率行星齿轮与低比率蜗轮输出耦合制成。梯子300仅在两个位置停止:用于存放的缩回位置和用于攀爬的展开位置。机动齿轮310在遇到突然阻力时必须具有自动反向控制,并且具有单个控制按钮以交替地沿任一方向移动梯子以快速避免事故。
安全设置和便利设施:
主要示意图如图30和39所示。在上甲板上,有垂直扶手318位于靠近前隔墙202的梯子298的一侧以帮助攀爬,其端部固定在上甲板和天花板上。在使用梯子300之前,上层走道座位的行李必须暂时远离脚墙296,从而形成如图39所示的站立空间以安全攀爬。天花板的表面必须柔软。在通往下座位区的每个进入路径上,软垫条292安装在上甲板206的下角上,以尽量减少对乘客头部的伤害。每个可躺椅100在其前隔墙、搁脚板210下方安装有行李网344,用于放置行李。行李网344在其底部边缘具有弹性带以容纳不同尺寸的行李。
为了娱乐,视频触摸屏322安装在天花板的空腔中,其屏幕朝下与天花板齐平,并具有向后延伸并铰接在天花板框架上的一对臂,使其能够向下摆动到任何理想角度。使乘客可以在任何坐姿观看节目或玩电子游戏。用于视频触摸屏322的耳机和个人电子设备的电源插座放置在座位上。两个阅读灯336安装在天花板上,一个在坐姿上方,另一个在搁脚板升高位置的上方。
每个座位都应该有一个杯架324以防止溢出。杯架324存放在每个可躺椅100前面的座椅壁或结构壁的空腔中,其背部与墙壁表面齐平,其下端铰接在壁架上,如图15所示。当在水平位置时,杯架已可放杯子。杯架由两部分组成:杯壳327和杯托329。在水平位置,杯壳327具有圆柱形部分,其上端盖有具有孔以容纳大杯子的板,其下部有另一块板,该板具有供手指使用的孔将覆盖杯架324从存储位置打开。杯盒327具有两个延伸到墙壁的臂并且将它们的端部铰接在壁架上。杯托329由类橡胶材料制成,其外表面为圆形,粘在杯壳327的圆柱段的内表面上,其上部分成若干个向中心伸展的大小相等的曲线部分。可拿着较小的杯子。在空腔的上侧的壁架上安装有板簧330,以将杯架324保持在存放位置。
为了帮助保持座位区域的整洁,每个座位间都应该在每个车壁和底架盖184上安装一个网状储物袋326,并在任何合适的地方装挂钩。车辆上的每个窗户都安装了一个下拉式遮阳板321,每侧都有一个导向装置,以防止遮阳板向侧面摆动。为了隐私,每个座位间都具有滑动窗帘328,其滑动导轨安装在天花板的凹部中,并且定位在座位墙294的内表面处,并且存放在过道座位的后面。并且在隔墙202上方的天花板上安装另一个滑动窗帘325。
只坐椅:
主要示意图如图36、37和42所示。如果需要增加车辆容量,部分车辆可以在每个座位区提供两排只坐椅334,以供票价更便宜的乘客使用。每个只坐椅334应该能够稍微向后倾斜以舒适坐下,并向前倾斜以方便后面的乘客进出。此外,只坐椅334可以像航空座椅一样,具有视频触摸屏338、食物托盘362和储物袋364,所有这些都安装在其椅背的背面,供坐在后面的乘客使用,如图42所示。在只坐椅区没有隔墙202。使用77英寸的座位区长度,两排只坐椅之间的距离为38.5英寸,对乘客来说还算不错。如果两个甲板都只坐椅,则尺寸可能会根据需要增加。
车辆中的只坐椅334有两种布置方式。第一个是将所有只坐座位放置在车辆的下层,在可躺椅100部分的后面,如图36所示。第二个是车辆一段可躺椅100后面将只坐椅334放置在车辆的下层和上层。如图37所示。第一种座椅布置需要较少的梯子,乘客更容易进出座椅。肯定会更好。如果需要最大化容量,整个车辆只有只坐椅334。
火车座位:
任何旅客列车可以具有与图29和30中所示的公共汽车200上的座位布置相同。在每个座位区中,较宽的列车可以具有更宽的座位和步行通道,或者四个座位而不是三个座位。一般来说,在火车上,它为乘客提供了很大的隐私,而不用担心遮挡视线,因此隔墙202和座位墙294可以建造到天花板,并且在下层甲板上,座位墙294和梯子墙298之间可以安装门。为两个座位甲板提供极大的隐私。
飞机座位:
图38至42中显示了主视图。图29、30和36中所示的公共汽车200中座位的相同基本概念也可适用于任何大型客机。有大型飞机340其机舱宽度为235英寸,并有两个过道。假设机身为圆形,地板甲板在机舱中心以下24英寸,上甲板厚3英寸,每个中座位间可以在上甲板和下甲板上有四个座位,每个靠窗一侧下层有两个座位,上层有一个座位。沿排,客舱壁到靠窗座位中心的距离为10.75英寸,一对座位之间为21.5英寸,过道座位中心到座位壁外表面的距离为12.5英寸,一对中间过道之间的座位为22英寸,步行过道的宽度为26英寸。每个座位都有一个带有搁脚组件208的可躺椅100。因此,沿着过道的每个座位区都有十四个可躺椅100。如果地板的位置与假定的24英寸没有太大不同,则所提到的座椅布置仍然是可能。座位安排的尺寸纯属直觉选择,仅供参考。
可在中座位间的中间安装下拉帘342,并根据需要用于隐私。用于窗帘342的钩子350可以安装在隔墙上以保持窗帘底部杆的伸出端。在每个座位上,必须在搁脚板210下方的前隔墙上安装一个行李网344,以容纳随身携带的行李。行李网344在其底部边缘有一条弹性带,以固定不同尺寸的行李,如图3和39所示。
作为增加飞机座位数量的一个例子,在下层,它可以在中座位间和左边的靠窗座位间有两排只坐椅334,如图38所示。只坐椅334的布置与图36所示的公共汽车200相同。第一排只坐椅334几乎占据了整个座位区,使第二排只坐椅334能够放置在下座位区的梯壁298处。从第二排只坐椅334开始,两排只坐椅334之间的距离为38.5英寸,为每个座位区长度的一半。因此,沿飞机过道的每个座位区将有20个座位。
只坐椅334是飞机公司通常提供的,但高度较短,如图42所示。只坐椅334可能比可躺椅100窄。如图38所示,两个只坐椅334的间距仅为18英寸,每个只坐椅只有一个扶手。因此,在过道之间,在两对只坐椅334的中间有空间为只坐座位的乘客安装行李舱346。在窗户一侧,一排没有梯壁298的只坐椅334的行李舱346可以安装使其外壁与上层甲板的边缘平齐,否则靠在梯壁298上。
每个行李舱346被分成上行李舱和下行李舱。每个行李舱有分开的两个门:一个在底部带有铰链的厚主门352,以及一个在顶部带有摩擦铰链的较薄的上门354,可以打开到任何位置。打开时,主门352的高度应适合狭窄的空间。上门354的底部接合在主门352顶部的凹槽的背面,从而当主门关闭时上门保持在关闭位置。主门在其顶部附近安装把手356。把手的轴在门的每一侧安装一个弹簧加载的棘轮钩,以与安装在隔间侧壁内表面的棘轮键接合。当把手向前拉以释放棘轮钩时,它同时将主门352拉开。主门将停在水平位置,因为其底部靠在行李舱的正面,其背面将与行李舱地板对齐。在主门352打开的情况下,处于就座位置的乘客仍可将行李先放在主门上再推入行李舱,或将行李从行李舱中拉出放在主门上再取出。
车辆重量增加的影响:
本公开中所有描述的框架和结构设计都非常初级,仅用于解释概念。使用高强度塑料、碳纤维或使用压铸方法的轻质合金,框架和结构可以变得更简单、更轻。墙壁可以用蜂窝板建造以减轻重量。减轻重量的技术是众所周知的。双层座位安排的额外重量可能不会严重影响车辆的性能。
其他应用:
所描述的座椅布置不限于具有双层空间的车辆。它可以适用于任何车辆,只要车辆具有足够的长度来安装可躺椅100及其搁脚组件208。豪华轿车和小型客货车是具有这种座椅的理想选择。通过使用更高的基架170,可躺椅100将具有足够的高度以在其前缘安装全尺寸的电动搁脚板以用于房车、公共汽车和火车,或者成为飞机中的高级座椅。
座位设置也可用于繁忙大城市的胶囊旅馆,许多旅客无法在这城市旅馆住宿。对于这种应用,座位设置可以与公共汽车200的座位设置相同,两个座位的座位间可为情侣保留的。或者它可以有更多的单座座位间来满足需求。可躺椅100和搁脚板210都可以根据需要制作得尽可能宽。座位间的宽度应足够宽,以便在内壁和座位之间留出放置大件行李的空间。隔墙202和座位墙294都应达到天花板,下层应在座位墙294和梯子壁298之间设置一扇门,以实现两个座椅层的高度私密性。过道应该足够宽以方便交通,但为了安全仍然需要电动梯子300。
虽然本发明已经在附图中进行了完整详细的描述和图示,但本发明不限于这些细节,因为在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以对本发明进行许多改变和修改。因此,它被描述为涵盖可能落入所附权利要求的语言和范围内的任何和所有修改和形式。
Claims (16)
1.在水平地板上安装可躺椅,代替固定式座椅,以达到坐姿舒适,并可形成床,所述可躺椅包括:
一个带有一对椅背铰链孔和一对椅背连杆孔的椅背,
一个带有一对坐垫铰链孔和一对坐垫连接孔的坐垫,
一个在椅背铰链孔处支撑椅背并在座垫铰链孔处支撑座垫的底架,
一对连杆将椅背的一对椅背连杆孔连接到坐垫的一对坐垫连接孔,使椅背从坐姿斜倚时,坐垫以不同的速度倾斜,并当椅背完全倾斜到水平位置时使坐垫水平对齐,
一对平行于水平地板并支撑所述底架的线性滑轨,
一对倾斜杆其后端铰接在所述椅背后面的固定结构上,其前端铰接在所述椅背上,当椅背倾斜时,倾斜杆的反作用使底架在一对线性滑轨上滑动,
一对安装在水平地板上的基架,其支撑着该对线性滑轨,
一个安装在底架的椅背驱动器,用于旋转椅背,以及
搁脚组件单独安装在所述座垫前面的垂直墙上,并包含搁脚板,将搁脚板置于初始水平位置以用作搁脚,并在所述座椅靠背完全倾斜时与所述椅背和所述座垫形成床,而可将搁脚板从初始水平位置抬升至较高的高度,靠近坐垫的位置作为搁脚板或桌子,而可将搁脚板从初始水平位置抬高至垂直位置进行存放。
2.权利要求1所述的可躺椅,其中所述搁脚板组件还包括:
一对搁脚板支撑件,一个位于所述搁脚板的每一侧并支撑所述搁脚板,并且每个搁脚板支撑件包括铰链臂、主动平行臂和被动平行臂,
一个臂驱动组件,包括带有长输出轴的电动蜗轮和带有扭簧的轴承座,所述蜗轮安装在其中一个铰链臂上,蜗轮的输出轴锁定到两个主动平行臂上,所述轴承座安装在另一个铰链臂上以支撑蜗轮的轴端,蜗轮带动主动平行臂将搁脚板从初始水平位置放置到更高和靠近坐垫的位置,以及
一个搁脚驱动组件包括具有长输出轴的电动蜗轮和带扭簧的轴承座,所述蜗轮位于搁脚板组件的一侧,蜗轮的轴锁定到两个铰链臂,并且所述位于搁脚板组件另一侧的轴承座,支撑蜗轮的轴端,蜗轮和轴承座安装在垂直壁上,它们的前内边缘支撑铰链臂以将搁脚板保持在初始水平位置,蜗轮驱动搁脚板从初始水平位置到垂直位置进行存放。
3.权利要求1所述的可躺椅,所述靠背驱动装置还包括具有螺旋式输出轴的电动蜗轮、螺母和安装在所述靠背上的叉臂,所述蜗轮铰接在所述底架上,螺母与蜗轮输出轴啮合,叉臂铰接在螺母上。
4.权利要求1所述的可躺椅,还包括一对扶手,在所述椅背的每一侧安装一个,每个扶手包含扶手软垫和由所述扶手软垫包围的扶手框架组件,扶手框架组件包括扶手框架、锁定板、齿盘、弹簧棘爪钩、连杆和释放杆,锁定板固定在扶手框架上,并铰接到固定在椅背的齿盘上。棘爪铰接在锁定板上并与齿盘啮合,使扶手不能向下移动,但可自由向上移动,通过连杆拉动释放杆可使棘爪与齿盘脱离,将扶手放置在最适合坐姿的不同位置。
5.权利要求1所述的可躺倚,其中所述线性滑轨是带有滚珠轴承的线性伸缩通道滑轨。
6.客运车辆沿其长度至少有一个步行过道,并在每个过道的两侧设有下甲板和上甲板以增加座位面积,每个甲板高度仅供坐下,以尽量减少增加车高,上层和下层部分部分提供可躺椅,每个可躺椅包含一个分离式搁脚板组件,下层其余部分提供只坐椅以增加客运车辆的乘客数量,和
该两层甲板沿过道分为座位区,每个座位区又沿过道划分为上层和下层各层的多个座位间,下层的每个座位间都有一个安装在梯壁上的梯子。过道边的梯壁固定在下层的地板和天花板上,允许乘客使用梯子到达上层的座位间,和带有可躺椅的座位间用垂直隔墙隔开,每个座位间包含一排可躺椅,安装在靠近后隔墙的甲板上,面向前方,每个可躺椅的搁脚组件分别安装在可躺椅前面的隔墙,搁脚组件包含搁踏板,将搁脚板置于与可躺椅坐垫相同高度的初始水平位置,以提高坐姿舒适度,并可和可躺椅的坐垫和靠背形成床,并可将搁脚板从初始水平位置升高并靠近坐垫的位置,用作搁脚板或桌子,并可将搁脚板从初始水平位置放置到垂直位置以进行存放,和
只坐椅的座位间,每座位间有两排只坐椅,其中一排只坐椅位于梯墙。
7.权利要求6所述的客运车辆,其中所述可躺椅是权利要求1所述的可躺椅,具有较短的坐高,在所述甲板高度提供刚好足够的头部空间。
8.权利要求6所述的客运车辆,所述梯子还包括平行联动踏板、一对脚杆和梯子驱动装置,所述踏板的顶部踏板由梯子驱动装置驱动,顶踏板最短,下踏板等量加宽,当踏板展开攀爬时,该对脚杆立在走道的地板上以支撑踏板,踏板的后端铰接在梯壁上,脚踏板的前端铰接在脚杆上较低的位置,这样当梯子通过梯子驱动器旋转到垂直存放位置时,踏板和脚杆的暴露面将放置在与梯子壁面齐平的位置。
9.权利要求1所述的可躺椅,所述倾翻杆的后端铰链与椅背铰链的高度相同,倾翻杆的前端与椅背铰链的距离等于倾翻杆的长度,并且椅背离椅背铰链的高度不得超过倾翻杆长度的两倍,以确保椅背在倾斜时不会侵入后面的空间。
10.权利要求1所述的搁脚组件,还包括压力感应条和控制器,所述压力感应条安装在所述搁脚板的前边缘内,并且在所述可躺椅的靠背倾斜以移动所述坐垫与所述搁脚板形成一张床时,如果所述压力感应条感应到任何压力,控制器将迫使坐垫稍微后退然后停止以防止发生意外。
11.权利要求1所述的可躺椅,还包括用于保护就座者的座椅安全带。
12.权利要求2所述的搁脚组件,还包括安装在所述搁脚板驱动装置上的控制开关和搁脚板控制器,当所述搁脚板处于初始水平位置时,控制开关与搁脚板啮合使搁脚板控制装置将所述臂驱动装置和所述搁脚驱动装置设置为可操作,并且当其中一个驱动装置将脚踏板从初始水平位置移开以与控制开关脱离时,搁脚控制装置将使另一个驱动装置不可操作,直到控制开关与所述搁脚板接合。
13.权利要求6所述的客运车辆,还包括安装在所述可躺椅前方天花板空腔内的显示屏,显示屏朝下并与天花板齐平,所述显示屏的后端铰接在天花板上,使视频屏幕可以向可躺椅倾斜,并设置为任何所需角度,以便在任何坐姿下观看。
14.权利要求6所述的客运车辆,还包括具有垂直门的行李舱,使乘客能够以坐姿处理行李,并且每个舱室具有带底部铰链的主门和带有顶部铰链的顶门,顶门位于主门的顶部,顶门的底部位于主门顶部的后面,并在主门关闭时保持关闭位置,主门具有带弹簧装载棘轮的把手与隔间侧壁啮合以锁定在关闭位置,当拉动手柄以脱离棘轮并打开主门时,主门将停在水平位置,其背面与舱底对齐允许行李先放在主门上,然后推入舱内,或从舱内拉出行李放在舱门上再取出,当主门打开时,顶门可任意开,方便行李操作。
15.权利要求6所述的客运车辆,每个所述的只坐椅还包括一个视频屏幕、一个食品托盘和一个储物袋,它们都安装在其椅背的后面上,供坐在后面的乘客使用。
16.权利要求6所述的客运车辆,每个所述只坐椅可以稍微向后倾斜以增加乘坐舒适度,并且可以从坐姿向前倾斜以在座椅后面提供更多的空间,使座椅后部有更多的空间,让坐在后面的乘客在需要时可以轻松通过。
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