WO2019062551A1 - 一种铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法及开闭机构 - Google Patents

一种铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法及开闭机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019062551A1
WO2019062551A1 PCT/CN2018/105352 CN2018105352W WO2019062551A1 WO 2019062551 A1 WO2019062551 A1 WO 2019062551A1 CN 2018105352 W CN2018105352 W CN 2018105352W WO 2019062551 A1 WO2019062551 A1 WO 2019062551A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
top cover
movable top
folding movable
gondola
belt
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/105352
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾盛华
Original Assignee
株洲华盛实业有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株洲华盛实业有限公司 filed Critical 株洲华盛实业有限公司
Priority to AU2018340116A priority Critical patent/AU2018340116B2/en
Priority to US16/629,311 priority patent/US11242074B2/en
Publication of WO2019062551A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019062551A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D39/00—Wagon or like covers; Tarpaulins; Movable or foldable roofs
    • B61D39/002—Sliding or folding roofs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D39/00—Wagon or like covers; Tarpaulins; Movable or foldable roofs
    • B61D39/006—Opening and closing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for opening and closing a movable top cover and an opening and closing mechanism thereof, in particular to a method for opening and closing a folding movable top cover of a railway freight wagon and an opening and closing mechanism.
  • railway freight wagons are trucks with end walls, side walls, floors without roofs and open upwards. They are mainly used for transporting bulk cargo such as coal, ore, mining materials, timber, steel, etc., and can also be used to transport small weight. Equipment. Therefore, the gondola has great versatility and the largest number of trucks. At present, there are about 300,000 gondola cars on the whole railway, accounting for more than 50% of the total number of trucks.
  • the authorization announcement number is CN2905547Y, and the Chinese utility model patent with the authorization announcement date of May 30, 2007 discloses a new type of coal transportation vehicle box, which is matched with the freight car.
  • the movable top cover device is arranged on the box body, including the top cover and the cover.
  • the control system has a top cover which is formed by connecting a plurality of thin plates with pin shafts, one end is fixed at the front end or the rear end of the box body, and the bottom end of the other end is provided with a slider, which can slide along the guide rails on the top surfaces of the box plates on both sides of the box body.
  • the top cover can be stretched and stretched, covers the top surface of the box body, can also be folded and contracted, and is folded to the end surface of the box body.
  • the operation control system is composed of a control handle and a traction mechanism, and is disposed on the outer side of the box body, the traction mechanism and the top cover The sliders on the bottom surface are connected, and the control handle can be used to pull the top cover to move back and forth.
  • the authorization bulletin number is CN203372247U, and the Chinese utility model patent with the authorization announcement date of January 1, 2014 discloses a railway gondola with a movable ceiling device, including a car body with an open body, and the car body is composed of front and rear walls. And a side wall surrounded by two sides, the top of the body is covered with a movable ceiling device, and a rear storage wall is provided at the rear wall; the movable ceiling device includes a tarpaulin, and the tarpaulin covers the open or Fold the drive to the ceiling storage barrier.
  • the opening and closing of the movable top cover is required to be completed by a self-contained power mechanism or manually, which increases the installation cost and the installation difficulty of the movable top cover.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for opening and closing a folding movable top cover of a railway freight wagon and an opening and closing mechanism, which can automatically open or close the movable top cover without adding additional power, aiming at the defects existing in the prior art.
  • the mechanism is completed by manual operation, which reduces the difficulty of attaching the movable top cover and reduces the installation cost of the movable top cover.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for opening and closing a folding movable top cover of a railway freight wagon, which is to set the folding movable top cover to include a folding movable top cover and a folding type
  • the two-half structure of the movable top cover 2, the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 can be respectively closed from the middle of the gondola to the two ends of the gondola
  • the belt car is also provided with a belt transmission mechanism, which is folded One end of the movable top cover 1 is connected to one side of the transmission belt in the belt transmission mechanism, and an outer convex portion is disposed at one end of the folding movable top cover, and the other end of the folding movable top cover is fixed on the gondola.
  • One end of the folding movable top cover 2 is connected with the other side of the transmission belt in the belt transmission mechanism, and an outer convex portion 2 is disposed at one end of the folding movable top cover 2, and the other end of the folding movable top cover 2 is fixed to the gondola
  • the moving direction of one side of the transmission belt is opposite to the moving direction of the other side of the transmission belt, and the stopper device 1 and the stopper device 2 are disposed on the ground; when the open car moves, the device is installed through the stopper
  • the first one is in contact with the outer convex portion, so as to drive the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in one direction, so that the folding movable top cover and the folding movable top cover 2 are respectively closed from the middle of the gondola to the two ends of the gondola;
  • the gondola continues to move in the same direction, it contacts the outer convex portion 2 through the stopper device 2, thereby driving the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the folding movable top
  • the belt transmission mechanism further comprises a rotating wheel 1 and a rotating wheel 2 connected to both sides of the open car through a rotating shaft, and a rotating wheel 3 and a rotating wheel 4 connected to both sides of the open car through the rotating shaft 2.
  • the transmission belt includes a transmission belt 1 and the transmission belt 2, the rotating wheel 1 and the rotating wheel 3 are connected by a transmission belt, and the rotating wheel 2 and the rotating wheel 4 are connected by a transmission belt 2; the end of the folding movable top cover 1 and the transmission belt 1
  • the side is connected, the outer convex portion is disposed on one end of the folding movable top cover 1 adjacent to the transmission belt, and the other end of the folding movable top cover is fixed on the gondola, and one end of the folding movable top cover 2 and the transmission belt 2
  • One side is connected, and the outer convex portion 2 is disposed on one end of the folding movable top cover 2 adjacent to the transmission belt 2.
  • the moving direction of one side of the transmission belt 1 is opposite to the moving direction of one side of the transmission belt 2, and the folding movable top cover 2
  • the other end is also fixed to the gondola; the stopper device 1 and the stopper device 2 are respectively disposed on the ground on both sides of the gondola.
  • the stopper device 1 and the stopper device 2 both include a ground rod disposed on the ground and a stop block hinged on the ground rod at one end, and a reset tension spring is further disposed between the stopper and the ground rod.
  • the folding movable top cover When the folding movable top cover is opened: controlling the moving of the open car, the other end of the middle block of the stop device is in contact with the outer convex portion, thereby driving the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in one direction, and the folding movable top cover is combined with The folding movable top cover 2 is opened, and at the same time, the reset tension spring of the stopper device 1 is stretched; when the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 are opened in place, the control gondola continues to move, at this time in the gondola Under the driving, the outer convex portion is separated from the other end of the middle block of the stopper device. Under the reset action of the return tension spring of the stopper device, the stopper of the stopper device 1 returns to the original position.
  • the control open car continues to move in the same direction, and the other end of the second block of the stop device is in contact with the outer convex portion 2, thereby driving the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in the opposite direction;
  • the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 are closed, and at the same time, the reset tension spring of the stopper device 2 is stretched;
  • the gondola is controlled Continue to move, at this time, under the driving of the gondola, the outer convex portion 2 is separated from the other end of the stopper in the second block of the stopper device, and the stopper of the stopper device 2 is under the reset action of the reset tension spring of the stopper device 2 Return to the original position.
  • the stopper device 1 and the stopper device 2 both include a ground rod disposed on the ground and a telescopic cylinder disposed on the ground rod.
  • the folding movable top cover When the folding movable top cover is opened: the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder body of the control block device is extended, and then the moving of the open car is controlled, and the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder body of the stopper device is in contact with the outer convex portion, thereby driving
  • the belt transmission mechanism rotates in one direction, and the folding movable top cover and the folding movable top cover are opened; when the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 are opened in place, the control block device is telescopically stretched.
  • the piston rod of the cylinder is retracted.
  • the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder body of the control block device 2 is extended, and then the open car is continuously moved in the same direction, and the piston rod and the outer convex portion of the telescopic cylinder body of the second block of the stopper device are Contacting, thereby driving the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in the opposite direction; closing the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2; when the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 are closed in place The piston rod of the telescopic cylinder in the control block device 2 is retracted.
  • the belt transmission mechanism further comprises a rotating wheel 1 pivotally connected to the middle of the open car through the rotating shaft, and a rotating wheel 2 connected in the middle of the open car through the rotating shaft.
  • the rotating wheel 1 and the rotating wheel 2 are matched by the transmission belt.
  • one end of the foldable movable top cover is connected to one side of the drive belt, and the other end of the foldable movable top cover is fixed to the gondola, and one end of the foldable movable top cover 2 is connected to the other side of the drive belt
  • the moving direction of one side of the transmission belt is opposite to the moving direction of the other side of the transmission belt, and the other end of the folding movable top cover 2 is also fixed on the gondola;
  • the stopper device 1 and the stopper device 2 are respectively set through the gantry frame 1 and the gantry frame 2
  • both the stopper device 1 and the stopper device 2 are located at the middle position of the gondola;
  • the outer convex portion 1 and the outer convex portion 2 are also respectively disposed at the middle position of one end portion of the folding movable top cover and the folding movable top cover 2 In the middle of the end.
  • the control open car continues to move in the same direction, and contacts the outer convex portion 2 through the stopper device 2, thereby driving the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in the opposite direction; the folding movable top cover One and the folding movable top cover two are closed.
  • the belt transmission mechanism further comprises a rotating wheel 1 and a rotating wheel 2 connected to both sides of the open car through a rotating shaft, and a rotating wheel 3 and a rotating wheel 4 connected to both sides of the open car through the rotating shaft 2.
  • the transmission belt includes a transmission belt 1 and the transmission belt 2, the rotating wheel 1 and the rotating wheel 3 are connected by a transmission belt, and the rotating wheel 2 and the rotating wheel 4 are connected by a transmission belt 2; the end of the folding movable top cover 1 and the transmission belt 1
  • the side is connected, the outer convex portion is disposed on one end of the folding movable top cover at the middle of the gondola, and the other end of the folding movable top cover is fixed on the gondola, and one end of the folding movable top cover 2 and the transmission belt 2
  • One side is connected, and the outer convex portion 2 is disposed on one end of the folding movable top cover 2 at the middle of the gondola.
  • the moving direction of one side of the transmission belt is opposite to the moving direction of one side of the transmission belt 2, and the folding movable top cover 2
  • the other end is also fixed to the gondola; the stop device 1 and the stop device 2 are respectively disposed on the ground on both sides of the gondola and during the movement of the gondola,
  • a blocking means capable of cooperating in contact with a central convex portion of the gondola, the stopper means can be brought into contact with two convex portions of two mating central gondola.
  • the invention also discloses an opening and closing mechanism of a folding movable top cover of a railway freight wagon, comprising a folding movable top cover disposed on the gondola, the folding movable top cover comprising a folding movable top cover and a folding movable top
  • the cover 2, the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 can be respectively closed from the middle of the gondola to the two ends of the gondola;
  • the opening and closing mechanism further comprises a belt type transmission mechanism, and the belt type transmission mechanism comprises
  • the rotating wheel 1 and the rotating wheel 2 are connected to both sides of the gondola by the rotating shaft, and the rotating wheel 3 and the rotating wheel 4 and the driving belt are connected on both sides of the open car through the rotating shaft.
  • the transmission belt includes a transmission belt 1 and a transmission belt 2, and the rotating wheel 1 and The rotating wheel 3 is connected with the transmission belt through a transmission belt, and the rotating wheel 2 and the rotating wheel 4 are connected by the transmission belt 2; the end of the folding movable top cover is connected with one side of the transmission belt 1 and is at the folding movable top An outer convex portion is disposed on one end of the cover, and the other end of the folding movable top cover is fixed on the gondola, and one end of the folding movable top cover 2 is driven One side of the two is connected and one end of the folding movable top cover 2 is provided with an outer convex portion 2, and one side of the driving belt 1 moves in a direction opposite to the moving direction of one side of the transmission belt 2, and the other end of the folding movable top cover 2 Also fixed on the gondola; on the ground on both sides of the gondola, there are respectively a stop device 1 and a stop device 2, when the open car moves, the contact device is in contact with the outer
  • the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 each comprise a plurality of plate bodies, and the plurality of plate bodies are sequentially connected between the head and the tail by a plurality of hinge connectors to form a foldable cover plate; a cover supporting roller mechanism and a cover support are respectively disposed on both ends of the central axis of the plurality of hinge connectors at the lower position after the folding of the plate and on both sides of one end of the first plate in the plurality of plates Roller mechanism II.
  • a track 1 and a track 2 are arranged, and a plurality of cover supporting roller mechanisms are in rolling contact with the track, and a plurality of cover supporting roller mechanisms 2 are in rolling contact with the track, thereby making the folding type
  • Both the movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 can be opened or closed along the track one and the track two.
  • the stopper device 1 and the stopper device 2 both include a ground rod disposed on the ground and a stop block hinged on the ground rod at one end, and a reset tension spring is disposed between the stopper and the ground rod;
  • the gondola moves, the other end of the middle block of the stop device is in contact with the outer convex portion, thereby driving the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in one direction, and the folding movable top cover and the folding movable top cover are opened;
  • the gondola continues to move, the other end of the block in the second block of the stop device contacts the outer convex portion 2, thereby driving the belt drive mechanism to rotate in the opposite direction; the folding movable top cover and the folding activity The top cover two is closed.
  • a rail 1 is disposed on a side of the rail 1
  • a rail 2 is disposed on a side of the rail 2
  • a slider 1 and a slider 2 are respectively disposed in the rail 1 and the rail 2
  • the slider 1 and the slider are respectively disposed
  • the second block can move back along the guide rail 1 and the guide rail 2 respectively; the side portion of the slider 1 is connected with the cover supporting roller mechanism on one end of the first plate body of the folding movable top cover through the connecting rod.
  • One side of the transmission belt 1 is also connected to the connecting rod 1 , and one end of the last one of the folding movable top cover is fixed on the gondola; the outer convex portion 2 is disposed on the side of the slider 2, and the outer convex portion 2
  • the connecting rod 2 is connected with the cover supporting roller mechanism 2 on one end of the first plate body of the folding movable top cover 2.
  • the side of the transmission belt 2 is also connected to the connecting rod 2 through the connecting member, and the folding movable top cover 2 One end of the last plate is fixed to the gondola.
  • the stopper device 1 and the stopper device 2 both include a ground rod disposed on the ground and a telescopic cylinder disposed on the ground rod; and when the open vehicle moves, the telescopic cylinder is controlled by the control device The piston rod protrudes into contact with the outer convex portion, thereby driving the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in one direction, and the folding movable top cover and the folding movable top cover are opened; when the gondola continues to move, the stop device 2 The middle telescopic cylinder protrudes into contact with the outer convex portion 2 to drive the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in the opposite direction; the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 are closed.
  • the cover support roller mechanism 1 and the cover support roller mechanism 2 both include a mechanism bracket, a top support wheel rotatably coupled to the mechanism bracket, a detachment prevention guide block disposed on one side of the mechanism bracket, and a
  • the anti-off guide block 2 on the other side of the mechanism bracket, the anti-offlet guide block 1 and the anti-off guide block 2 are all L-shaped.
  • the track one and the track two are I-shaped, and the top support wheel of the cover supporting roller mechanism is in rolling contact on the top of the I-shaped track, and the top support wheel of the cover supporting roller mechanism 2 is in rolling contact on the I-shaped track 2
  • the L-shaped anti-off guide block 1 and the L-type anti-off guide block 2 in the cover supporting roller mechanism 1 are respectively located at the top sides of the I-shaped rail 1
  • the detachment prevention guide block 1 and the L-type detachment prevention guide block 2 are respectively located at the top sides of the I-shaped rail 2.
  • the stopper device 1 and the stopper device 2 both include a device bracket, a blocking arm hinged on the device bracket at one end, and a fixed pulley group disposed on the device bracket; the fixed pulley group includes a plurality of fixed pulleys disposed on the device bracket. And a drawstring that cooperates with a plurality of fixed pulleys, one end of the drawstring is connected to the other end of the retaining arm, and the other end of the drawstring is fixed with a weight block.
  • the invention has the advantages that the invention utilizes the characteristics of the opposite direction of movement of the belt on the belt around the transmission wheel in the belt transmission mechanism, and adopts the stopper device arranged on the ground and the folding movable top of the two-half structure.
  • the outer convex portion on the end of the cover cooperates, so that the folding movable top cover and the folding movable top cover 2 can be automatically opened or closed together, and no additional power mechanism or manual operation is required, thereby reducing the activity.
  • the difficulty of installing the top cover reduces the installation cost of the movable top cover.
  • the smoothness of the folding movable top cover can be further ensured.
  • both the track 1 and the track 2 to an inverted U shape, when the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover are closed, they can be respectively folded onto the two sides of the gondola, thereby reducing the occupation of the top of the gondola. space.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the principle of a method for opening and closing a folding movable top cover of a railway freight wagon in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view showing the opening and closing mechanism when the folding movable top cover is closed in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a top plan view showing the opening and closing mechanism when the folding movable top cover is opened in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial front perspective view showing the structure of the folding movable top cover on the gondola in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a left side structural view of the gondola in the first embodiment of the present invention and located at a position of the folding movable top cover;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic enlarged view showing the portion D of Fig. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the left main front view of the gondola on the gondola in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic enlarged view of the portion E of Figure 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a cover supporting roller mechanism 1 in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a partial top plan view showing the opening and closing mechanism of the embodiment 2 of the present invention at a stop device.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic view showing the principle of the outer convex portion and the stopper device in the opening and closing mechanism of the embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a top plan view showing the opening and closing mechanism of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a front elevational view showing the structure of the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover on the gondola according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a top plan view showing the opening and closing mechanism when the folding movable top cover is closed in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of a cover supporting roller mechanism in accordance with Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic enlarged plan view showing a portion F of Fig. 16.
  • Figure 18 is a front elevational view showing the structure of the stopper device 1 in the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view showing the structure of the outer convex portion and the blocking arm when the folding movable top cover is opened in the embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 20 is a structural schematic view showing the structure of the outer convex portion and the blocking arm when the folding movable top cover is opened in the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic enlarged view showing the G portion of Fig. 18.
  • a method for opening and closing a folding movable top cover of a railway freight wagon is to set the folding movable top cover to include two sides of a folding movable top cover 1 and a folding movable top cover 2
  • the folding structure movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 can be respectively closed from the middle of the gondola 3 to the two ends of the gondola 3; the gondola 3 is further provided with a belt transmission mechanism 4, which is folded
  • One end of the movable top cover 1 is connected to one side of the transmission belt 5 in the belt transmission mechanism, and an outer convex portion 6 is disposed at one end of the folding movable top cover 1 , and the other end of the folding movable top cover 1 is fixed.
  • one end of the folding movable top cover 2 is connected to the other side of the belt 5 in the belt transmission mechanism, and an outer convex portion 2 is provided at one end of the folding movable top cover 2, folding activity
  • the other end of the top cover 2 is fixed on the gondola 3, and the moving direction of the side of the belt 4 is opposite to the moving direction of the other side of the belt 4, that is, the side of the belt and the other side of the belt are bypassed by a transmission wheel.
  • the present invention can provide a cargo loading area along the railway line, and a stop device 1 and a stop device 2 are arranged along the railway line of the cargo loading area to complete the loading of the cargo.
  • the invention utilizes the characteristics that the moving direction of the transmission belt around the transmission wheel is opposite in the belt transmission mechanism, and adopts the stopper device arranged on the ground and the convexity on the end of the folding movable top cover of the two-half structure.
  • the cooperation of the parts enables the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 to be automatically opened or closed together without additional power mechanism or manual operation, thereby reducing the difficulty of attaching the movable top cover. Reduced installation cost of the movable top cover.
  • the belt transmission mechanism further includes a rotating wheel 11 and a rotating wheel 12 connected to both sides of the gondola 3 via a rotating shaft 10, and a rotating connection through the rotating shaft 2
  • the rotating wheel 3 14 and the rotating wheel 4 15 on both sides of the gondola 3 the transmission belt 5 includes a transmission belt 511 and a transmission belt 2 512.
  • the rotating wheel 11 and the rotating wheel 34 are coupled by a transmission belt 511, and the rotating wheel is 12 and
  • the rotating wheel four 15 is coupled with the transmission belt 512; the one end of the folding movable top cover 1 is connected to one side of the transmission belt 511, and the outer convex portion 6 is disposed on the folding movable top cover adjacent to the transmission belt 511.
  • the other end of the folding movable top cover 1 is fixed to the gondola 3, and one end of the folding movable top cover 2 is connected to one side of the transmission belt 512, and the outer convex portion 2 is disposed close to
  • the moving direction of one side of the transmission belt 511 is opposite to the moving direction of one side of the transmission belt 512
  • the other end of the folding movable top cover 2 is also fixed to the gondola 3 Upper; block device 8 and block Two means 9 are provided on the ground located on both sides of the gondola 3.
  • one end of the folding movable top cover 1 is connected to the lower side transmission belt body of the transmission belt 511, and one end of the folding movable top cover 2 is connected with the upper side transmission belt body of the transmission belt 512.
  • the belt transmission mechanism rotates, the movement direction of the lower side of the transmission belt 1 and the movement direction of the upper side of the transmission belt 2 are opposite, so that one end of the folding movable top cover 1 and one end of the folding movable top cover 2 respectively Move in the opposite direction.
  • the belt transmission mechanism rotates, and the folding movable top cover One end of 1 moves to the right and opens. Due to the action of the belt transmission mechanism, one end of the folding movable top cover 2 is necessarily moved to the left to open, so that the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 can be Automatically open and then load the goods.
  • the control car 3 After the loading of the goods, the control car 3 is further moved to the left (in the direction of the arrow in the figure), and when the outer convex portion 7 7 is blocked by the stopper device 2, the belt transmission mechanism is reversely rotated, and the folding type is folded.
  • One end of the movable top cover 2 is necessarily moved to the right and closed. Due to the action of the belt transmission mechanism, one end of the folding movable top cover 1 is also necessarily moved to the left to close, so that the folding movable top cover can be folded and folded.
  • the movable top cover 2 is automatically closed.
  • the belt drive mechanism can be composed of a sprocket and a chain.
  • the stopper device 8 and the stopper device 2 each include a ground rod 16 disposed on the ground and a block 17 hinged to the ground rod 16 at one end, at the stopper 17 and A return tension spring 18 is also disposed between the ground rods 16.
  • the moving car 3 is controlled to move, and the other end of the stopper 17 in the stopper device 8 is in contact with the outer convex portion 6 to drive the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in one direction, and the folding activity is performed.
  • the top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 are opened, and at the same time, the reset tension spring 18 of the stopper device 8 is stretched; when the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 are opened in place,
  • the control car 3 continues to move.
  • the outer convex portion 6 is separated from the other end of the stopper 17 in the stopper device 8, and the resetting spring 18 of the stopper device 8 is reset.
  • the stopper 17 of the stopper device 8 is returned to the original position.
  • the control gondola 3 continues to move in the same direction, and the other end of the stop block 17 in the stop device 2 9 is in contact with the outer convex portion 2, thereby driving the belt drive mechanism to the opposite side.
  • the embodiment further discloses an opening and closing mechanism for a folding movable top cover of a railway freight wagon, comprising a folding movable top cover disposed on the gondola 3, wherein the folding movable top cover comprises The folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2, the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 can be respectively closed from the middle of the gondola 3 to the two ends of the gondola 3;
  • the opening and closing mechanism further includes a belt transmission mechanism including a rotating wheel 11 and a rotating wheel 2 12 which are rotatably coupled to the sides of the gondola 3 via the rotating shaft 10, and are rotationally coupled to both sides of the gondola through the rotating shaft 2
  • the rotating wheel 3 14 and the rotating wheel 4 15 and the driving belt 5 the transmission belt 5 includes a transmission belt 511 and a transmission belt 2 512, and the rotating wheel 11 and the rotating wheel 3 14 are coupled by a transmission belt 511, the rotating wheel 2 and the rotating
  • the moving direction of one side is opposite to the moving direction of one side of the belt 512, and the other end of the folding movable top cover 2 is also fixed to the gondola 3; the block device 8 is respectively disposed on the ground on both sides of the gondola And the stopper device 2, when the gondola moves, contacts the outer convex portion 6 through the stopper device 8 to drive the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in one direction, so that the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding type
  • the movable top cover 2 is respectively closed from the middle of the gondola 3 to the two ends of the gondola 3; when the gondola 3 continues to move in the same direction, the contact device 2 9 is in contact with the outer convex portion 2, thereby driving the belt type.
  • the transmission mechanism is rotated in the opposite direction so that the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 both protrude from the both ends of the gondola toward the middle of the gondola.
  • the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 both comprise a plurality of plate bodies 19, and the plurality of plate bodies 19 sequentially pass through a plurality of hinge connectors.
  • 20 is connected into a foldable cover; at both ends of the central axis of the plurality of hinge connectors 20 at the lower position after the cover is folded, and at one end of the first plate 19 in the plurality of plates (C in the figure)
  • Both sides are respectively provided with a cover supporting roller mechanism 21 and a cover supporting roller mechanism 22, and one end of the last plate body (the B in the figure) of the plurality of plates 19 is fixed to the gondola.
  • Rails 23 and rails 24 are provided on both sides of the top opening of the gondola 3 and along the length of the gondola 3, rolling contact between the plurality of cover supporting roller mechanisms 21 and the rails 23, and a plurality of cover supporting rollers
  • the mechanism 22 is in rolling contact with the track 2, so that both the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 can be opened or closed along the track one 23 and the track two 24 to be closed together.
  • the cover supporting roller mechanism By setting the cover supporting roller mechanism to cooperate with the track, the smoothness of the folding movable top cover can be ensured.
  • the folding movable top cover can also be a conventional folding top cover.
  • a guide rail 25 is disposed on a side portion of the rails 23, and the rails 25 and the rails 23 can be disposed in an integrated structure, and the rails 26 are disposed on the side portions of the rails 24,
  • the guide rail 26 and the rail 2 can also be arranged in an integrated structure.
  • a slider 27 and a slider 28 are respectively disposed, and the slider 27 and the slider 28 can respectively follow the guide rail.
  • a 25 and a guide rail 26 are moved back; the outer convex portion 6 is disposed on a side portion of the slider 27, and the outer convex portion 6 is passed through the connecting rod 29 and the first movable panel of the folding movable top cover
  • the cover plate on one end of the body 19 supports the roller mechanism 21, and one side of the transmission belt 511 is also connected to the connecting rod 29 through a connecting member (such as a connecting piece).
  • the last movable plate of the folding movable top cover 1 is 19 One end is fixed to the gondola; the outer convex portion 2 is disposed on the side of the slider 28, and the outer convex portion 2 is passed through the connecting rod 2 and the end of the first plate body 19 of the folding movable top cover 2
  • the upper cover supporting roller mechanism 22 is connected, and the side of the transmission belt 2 512 is also connected to the connecting rod 2 30 through a connecting member (such as a connecting piece), and is folded.
  • One end of the last plate body 19 of the movable top cover 2 is fixed to the gondola.
  • the track-23 and the track 224 each include a rail body and side guide grooves provided on one side of the rail body; the cover supports the roller mechanism 21 and the cover plate support
  • the roller mechanism 22 includes a vertical support plate 31, a horizontal link 32 disposed on one side of the vertical support plate 31, and a support roller 33 rotatably supported on the horizontal link 32 by a bearing; a horizontal link One end of one 32 is connected to the vertical support plate 31, and the other end of the horizontal link 32 is connected with a side plate 34, and the vertical support plate 31, the horizontal link 32 and the side plate 34 form an inverted U shape.
  • One end of the side plate 34 is connected to the other end of the horizontal link 32.
  • a horizontal link 2 is provided, and a guide roller 36 is rotatably connected to the horizontal link 235.
  • the support roller 33 and the guide roller 36 of the roller support mechanism 21 are in rolling contact with the rail body top and the side guide grooves of the rails 23, respectively, and the support rollers 33 and the guide rollers of the roller mechanism 22 are supported by the cover plate. 36 is in rolling contact with the rail body top and the side guide grooves of the track two 24, respectively, thereby opening the folding movable cover or folding the stacked movable cover together.
  • the rolling contact of the supporting roller with the rail is realized, and the function of moving the folding cover on the rail is realized, so that the folding cover can be conveniently opened or the folded cover can be gathered together.
  • the guide roller of the cover supporting roller mechanism and the guide roller of the cover supporting roller mechanism 2 cooperate with the side guiding groove of the track 1 and the side guiding groove of the track 2, thereby ensuring the folding cover
  • the smoothness of opening or moving the movement further ensures the smooth progress of the work.
  • Embodiment 2 As shown in FIG. 11, compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that the stopper device 8 and the stopper device 9 each include a ground rod 16 disposed on the ground and a ground rod disposed on the ground.
  • the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 37 of the control block device 8 is extended, and then the moving car 3 is controlled to move, and the piston rod and the convex portion of the telescopic cylinder 37 of the stopper device 8 are passed through 6-phase contact, thereby driving the belt-type transmission mechanism to rotate in one direction, opening the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2; when the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 are opened When in place, the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 37 in the control block device 8 is retracted.
  • the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 37 in the control block device 2 is extended, and then the open car 3 is continuously moved in the same direction, and the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 37 in the stopper device 2 is passed.
  • Embodiment 3 As shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, the belt transmission mechanism further includes a rotating wheel 11 connected in the middle of the gondola through the rotating shaft 10, and a rotating wheel 2 connected in the middle of the gondola 3 through the rotating shaft 2 12.
  • the rotating wheel 11 and the rotating wheel 12 are coupled by a transmission belt 511.
  • One end of the folding movable top cover 1 is connected to one side of the transmission belt 511, and the other end of the folding movable top cover 1 is fixed.
  • one end of the folding movable top cover 2 is connected to the other side of the driving belt 511, and the moving direction of the driving belt 511 is opposite to the moving direction of the other side of the driving belt 511, and the folding movable top cover 2 is additionally One end is also fixed to the gondola 3; the block device 8 and the block device 2 are respectively disposed on the ground through the gantry frame 38 and the gantry frame 39, and the block device 8 and the block device 2 are located at the gondola
  • the middle position of the outer portion 6 and the outer convex portion 7 are also respectively disposed at an intermediate position of the end portion of the foldable movable top cover and at an intermediate position of the end portions of the folded movable top cover 2 and 2.
  • the moving car 3 is controlled to move, so that the stopper device 8 is in contact with the outer convex portion 6 to drive the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in one direction, and the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding type
  • the movable top cover 2 is open.
  • the control gondola 3 continues to move in the same direction, and contacts the outer convex portion 2 through the stopper device 2, thereby driving the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in the opposite direction;
  • the movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover 2 are closed.
  • Embodiment 4 As shown in FIG. 14, compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that both the track one 23 and the track two 24 are set to an inverted U shape, and the last of the plurality of plates of the folding movable top cover one is One end of a plate body 19 is fixed on one end of the inverted U-shaped track 23 and the track 2, and the end of the last plate 19 of the plurality of folded movable top covers 2 is fixed to the inverted U-shaped track 23 And on the other end of track two 24.
  • the folding movable top cover and the folding movable top cover are folded, they can be respectively folded onto the two sides of the gondola (as shown in FIG. 14), thereby reducing the occupied space of the top of the gondola.
  • Embodiment 5 As shown in FIG. 15, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the belt transmission mechanism further includes a rotating wheel 11 and a rotating wheel 2 which are rotatably coupled to the sides of the gondola 3 via the rotating shaft 10. 12 and a rotating wheel 3 14 and a rotating wheel 4 15 connected to both sides of the gondola 3 through the rotating shaft 23, the driving belt includes a driving belt 511 and a transmission belt 512, and the rotating wheel 11 and the rotating wheel 34 are matched by a transmission belt 511.
  • the transmission connection, the rotating wheel 2 12 and the rotating wheel 4 15 are connected by the transmission belt 512; the end of the folding movable top cover 1 is connected with the side of the transmission belt 511, and the outer convex portion 6 is disposed at the gondola On one end of the folding movable top cover 1 in the middle, the other end of the folding movable top cover 1 is fixed on the gondola 3, and one end of the folding movable top cover 2 is connected to one side of the transmission belt 512, The convex portion 2 is disposed on one end of the folding movable top cover 2 at the middle of the gondola.
  • the moving direction of one side of the driving belt 511 is opposite to the moving direction of one side of the driving belt 512, and the other end of the folding movable top cover 2 Also fixed in the gondola 3
  • the stopper device 1 and the stopper device 2 are respectively disposed on the ground on both sides of the gondola and during the movement of the gondola, the stopper device can be in contact with the outer convex portion located in the middle of the gondola, and the stopper device 2 It can be in mating contact with the outer convex portion located in the middle of the gondola (not shown).
  • Embodiment 6 As shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the cover supporting roller mechanism 21 includes a mechanism bracket 40 and a top support wheel rotatably coupled to the mechanism bracket 40. 41. A retaining guide block 42 disposed at one side of the mechanism bracket 40 and a retaining guide block 43 disposed at the other side of the mechanism bracket 40, the retaining guide block 42 and the retaining guide block 42 L-shaped; the structure of the cover supporting roller mechanism 2 and the structure of the cover supporting roller mechanism 1 are the same.
  • the track 23 and the track 2 are in the shape of an I-shape, and the top support wheel 41 of the cover supporting roller mechanism 21 is in rolling contact on the top of the I-shaped track 23, and the top support wheel of the cover supporting roller mechanism 2 is in rolling contact.
  • the L-shaped anti-off guide block 42 and the L-shaped anti-off guide block 42 in the cover supporting roller mechanism 21 are respectively located at the top sides of the I-shaped rails 23, and the cover
  • the L-shaped anti-offlet guide block 1 and the L-type anti-offlet guide block 2 in the plate supporting roller mechanism 2 are respectively located at the top sides of the I-shaped rail 2.
  • the L-shaped anti-drop guide block 1 and the L-type anti-off guide block 2 in the cover roller mechanism 1 cooperate with the I-shaped track, and the support roller is supported by the cover plate.
  • the L-type anti-off guide block 1 and the L-type anti-off guide block 2 in the second mechanism cooperate with the I-shaped track two to prevent the falling off between the cover supporting roller mechanism and the track and ensure that the cover supporting roller mechanism is along the track.
  • the guiding property when moving, for example, when the cover supporting roller mechanism derails, the L-shaped anti-off guide block 1 and the L-shaped anti-off guide block 2 will hook the I-shaped track, thereby avoiding the occurrence of derailment.
  • the L-shaped anti-off guide block 1 and the L-shaped anti-off guide block 2 are respectively in contact with the two sides of the top of the I-shaped track, thereby ensuring The guiding property allows the cover supporting roller mechanism to move all the way along the track.
  • the L-shaped anti-offlet guide block 1 and the L-type anti-offlet guide block 2 can be made of materials such as nylon, graphite or copper blocks.
  • Embodiment 7 As shown in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that the stopper device 8 includes a device bracket 44, a stopper arm 45 whose one end is hinged on the device bracket 44, and a setting.
  • the structure of the stopper device 2 is the same as that of the stopper device 1.
  • the moving car 3 is controlled to move, so that the other end of the blocking arm 45 of the stopper device 1 is in contact with the outer convex portion 6, thereby driving the belt transmission mechanism toward Turning in one direction, the folding movable top cover and the folding movable top cover are opened.
  • the blocking arm is tensioned by the pulling rope by the weight, the folding movable top cover is folded under the blocking of the blocking arm, and the blocking arm is fixed during the folding process of the folding movable top cover.
  • the outer convex block 6 will react to the blocking arm 45 when When the reaction force is greater than the weight of the weight block, under the reaction force of the outer bumps 6 on the folding movable top cover, the other end of the arm 45 rotates around the hinge point of one end thereof. Under the continued movement of the gondola 3, the outer end of the outer bump 6 and the stop arm 45 will be gradually separated. When separated, the other end of the retaining arm 45 will surround the weight of the weight block. The hinge point at one end is reversed so that the arm 45 returns to its original position.
  • the control gondola continues to move, so that the other end of the blocking arm of the stopper device 2 is in contact with the outer convex portion 2, thereby driving the belt transmission mechanism to rotate in another direction, and the folding movable top cover One and the folding movable top cover two are closed.
  • the blocking arm is tensioned by the pulling rope by the weight, the folding movable top cover is opened under the blocking of the blocking arm, and the blocking arm is fixed during the opening process of the folding movable top cover.
  • the device bracket 44 includes a bracket base 441 and a rotating bracket 442 rotatably coupled to the bracket base 441 via a slewing bearing 49.
  • the arm 45 and the fixed pulley block are both disposed on the rotating bracket 442, and the outer ring of the slewing bearing 49
  • the outer ring gear is further provided with a motor 50 on the bracket base 441.
  • the output shaft of the motor 50 is provided with a transmission gear 51.
  • the transmission gear 51 cooperates with the outer ring gear of the slewing bearing 49, so that the rotating bracket 441 can be rotated. . Since the arm is located in the space above the rail due to the work, when the special situation occurs, the rotating bracket can be rotated by the motor, so that the arm can leave the space above the rail.
  • the present invention utilizes the characteristics of the opposite direction of movement of the belt around the transmission wheel in the belt transmission mechanism, and adopts the stopper device disposed on the ground and the end of the folding movable top cover of the two-half structure.
  • the outer convex portion cooperates, so that the folding movable top cover and the folding movable top cover 2 can be automatically opened or closed together, and no additional power mechanism or manual operation is required, thereby reducing the addition of the movable top cover.
  • the difficulty of loading reduces the installation cost of the movable top cover.
  • the smoothness of the folding movable top cover can be further ensured.
  • both the track 1 and the track 2 to an inverted U shape, when the folding movable top cover 1 and the folding movable top cover are closed, they can be respectively folded onto the two sides of the gondola, thereby reducing the occupation of the top of the gondola. space.

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Abstract

一种铁路货运敞车（3）折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法及开闭机构，开闭方法是将折叠式活动顶盖设置成包括折叠式活动顶盖一（1）和折叠式活动顶盖二（2）的两半式结构；在敞车（3）上还设置有带式传动机构（4），折叠式活动顶盖一（1）的一端与带式传动机构（4）中传动带（5）的一侧连接且设置有外凸部一（6），折叠式活动顶盖二（2）的一端与带式传动机构（4）中传动带（5）的另外一侧连接且设置有外凸部二（7），传动带（5）一侧的移动方向与传动带（5）另外一侧的移动方向相反，在地面上设置有挡块装置一（8）和挡块装置二（9）；当敞车（3）移动时，通过挡块装置一（8）与外凸部一（6）相接触或通过挡块装置二（9）与外凸部二（7）相接触，从而使得折叠式活动顶盖一（1）和折叠式活动顶盖二（2）打开或关闭。该开闭方法及开闭机构能减少活动顶盖的加装成本和加装难度。

Description

一种铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法及开闭机构 技术领域
本发明涉及一种活动顶盖的开闭方法及其开闭机构，尤其涉及一种铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法及开闭机构。
背景技术
铁路货运敞车是指具有端壁、侧壁、地板而无车顶，向上敞开的货车，主要供运送煤炭、矿石、矿建物资、木材、钢材等大宗货物用，也可用来运送重量不大的机械设备。因此，敞车具有很大的通用性，在货车组成中数量最多，目前全铁路共有敞车约30万辆，约占货车总数的50％以上。
为了防止在铁路货运敞车在运输途中，车厢中的煤炭等物品洒落到铁路沿线，对周围环境造成破坏，一般需要在车厢顶部蒙盖帆布或其他遮篷物。目前，在车厢顶部蒙盖或拆卸帆布时，都是通过人工来完成的，但是这样操作起来，工人的劳动强度大，工作效率低。为此，在现有技术中设计了一些能自动开启的活动顶盖，但是，这样活动顶盖的开启和关闭都需要通过设置在敞车上的动力机构或是通过人工手动操作，这样就增加了活动顶盖的加装成本和加装难度。
授权公告号为CN2905547Y，授权公告日为2007年5月30日的中国实用新型专利公开了一种新型煤炭运输车箱，与货运汽车配套应用，于箱体上设置活动顶盖装置，包括顶盖与操纵控制系统，顶盖由多块薄板用销轴连接而成，一端固定在箱体的前端或后端，另一端底部安有滑块，可沿箱体的两侧箱板顶面的导轨滑动，顶盖可以拉伸张开，覆盖在箱体顶面，也可以折叠收缩，归拢到箱体端面，操纵控制系统由控制手柄和牵引机构组成，设置在箱体外侧面，牵引机构与顶盖底面的滑块连接起来，由控制手柄操纵可以拉动顶盖前后移动。
授权公告号为CN203372247U，授权公告日为2014年1月1日的中国实用新型专利公开了一种带活动顶棚装置的铁路敞车，包括带有敞口的车体，车体由前、后端墙以及两侧的侧墙围绕而成，所述车体的顶部罩有活动顶棚装置，并且后端墙处设有顶棚收纳护栏；所述活动顶棚装置包括篷布，以及带动篷布覆盖敞口或折叠至顶棚收纳护栏的传动装置。
在上述专利文献中活动顶盖的开启和关闭都是需要通过自带的动力机构或人工来完成的，这样就增加了活动顶盖的加装成本和加装难度。
综上，如何设计一种铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法及开闭机构，使其能自动开启或关闭活动顶盖，无需增设动力机构或通过人工操作来完成，减小活动顶盖的加装难度，减少活动顶盖的加装成本是急需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，提供一种铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法及开闭机构，其能自动开启或关闭活动顶盖，无需增设动力机构或通过人工操作来完成，减小了活动顶盖的加装难度，减少了活动顶盖的加装成本。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采取的技术方案为：一种铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法，其是将折叠式活动顶盖设置成包括折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二的两半式结构，折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均 能从敞车的中部分别向敞车的两端收拢打开；在敞车上还设置有带式传动机构，折叠式活动顶盖一的一端与带式传动机构中传动带的一侧连接且在折叠式活动顶盖一的一端处设置有外凸部一，折叠式活动顶盖一的另外一端固定在敞车上，折叠式活动顶盖二的一端与带式传动机构中传动带的另外一侧连接且在折叠式活动顶盖二的一端处设置有外凸部二，折叠式活动顶盖二的另外一端固定在敞车上，传动带一侧的移动方向与传动带另外一侧的移动方向相反，在地面上设置有挡块装置一和挡块装置二；当敞车移动时，通过挡块装置一与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，以使得折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均从敞车的中部分别向敞车的两端收拢打开；当敞车继续朝同一方向移动时，通过挡块装置二与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动，以使得折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均从敞车的两端向敞车的中部伸出关闭。
优选的，所述带式传动机构还包括通过转轴一转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮一和转动轮二以及通过转轴二转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮三和转动轮四，传动带包括传动带一和传动带二，转动轮一和转动轮三之间通过传动带一配合传动连接，转动轮二和转动轮四之间通过传动带二配合传动连接；折叠式活动顶盖一的一端与传动带一的一侧相连接，外凸部一设置在靠近传动带一的折叠式活动顶盖一的一端上，折叠式活动顶盖一的另外一端固接在敞车上，折叠式活动顶盖二的一端与传动带二的一侧相连接，外凸部二设置在靠近传动带二的折叠式活动顶盖二的一端上，传动带一的一侧移动方向与传动带二的一侧移动方向相反，折叠式活动顶盖二的另外一端也固接在敞车上；挡块装置一和挡块装置二分别设置在位于敞车两侧的地面上。
优选的，所述挡块装置一和挡块装置二均包括设置在地面上的地面杆和一端铰接在地面杆上的档块，在挡块与地面杆之间还设置有复位拉簧。
折叠式活动顶盖打开时：控制敞车移动，通过挡块装置一中挡块的另外一端与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开，同时，挡块装置一的复位拉簧被拉伸；当折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开到位后，控制敞车继续移动，此时在敞车的带动下，外凸部一与挡块装置一中挡块的另外一端相分离，在挡块装置一的复位拉簧的复位作用下，挡块装置一的挡块回到原位。
折叠式活动顶盖关闭时：控制敞车朝同一个方向继续移动，通过挡块装置二中挡块的另外一端与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭，同时，挡块装置二的复位拉簧被拉伸；当折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭到位后，控制敞车继续移动，此时在敞车的带动下，外凸部二与挡块装置二中挡块的另外一端相分离，在挡块装置二的复位拉簧的复位作用下，挡块装置二的挡块回到原位。
优选的，所述挡块装置一和挡块装置二均包括设置在地面上的地面杆和设置在地面杆上的伸缩缸体。
折叠式活动顶盖打开时：控制挡块装置一中伸缩缸体的活塞杆伸出，再控制敞车移动，通过挡块装置一中伸缩缸体的活塞杆与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开；当折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开到位后，控制挡块装置一中伸缩缸体的活塞杆回缩。
折叠式活动顶盖关闭时：控制挡块装置二中伸缩缸体的活塞杆伸出，再 控制敞车朝同一个方向继续移动，通过挡块装置二中伸缩缸体的活塞杆与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭；当折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭到位后，控制挡块装置二中伸缩缸体的活塞杆回缩。
优选的，所述带式传动机构还包括通过转轴一转动连接在敞车中部的转动轮一以及通过转轴二转动连接在敞车中部的转动轮二，转动轮一和转动轮二之间通过传动带一配合传动连接；折叠式活动顶盖一的一端与传动带的一侧相连接，折叠式活动顶盖一的另外一端固接在敞车上，折叠式活动顶盖二的一端与传动带的另外一侧相连接，传动带一侧移动方向与传动带另外一侧移动方向相反，折叠式活动顶盖二的另外一端也固接在敞车上；挡块装置一和挡块装置二分别通过龙门架一和龙门架二设置在地面上且挡块装置一和挡块装置二均位于敞车的中部位置；外凸部一和外凸二也分别设置在折叠式活动顶盖一端部的中间位置上和折叠式活动顶盖二端部的中间位置上。
折叠式活动顶盖打开时：控制敞车移动，使得挡块装置一与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开。
折叠式活动顶盖关闭时：控制敞车朝同一个方向继续移动，通过挡块装置二与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭。
优选的，所述带式传动机构还包括通过转轴一转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮一和转动轮二以及通过转轴二转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮三和转动轮四，传动带包括传动带一和传动带二，转动轮一和转动轮三之间通过传动带一配合传动连接，转动轮二和转动轮四之间通过传动带二配合传动连接；折叠式活动顶盖一的一端与传动带一的一侧相连接，外凸部一设置在位于敞车中部的折叠式活动顶盖一的一端上，折叠式活动顶盖一的另外一端固接在敞车上，折叠式活动顶盖二的一端与传动带二的一侧相连接，外凸部二设置在位于敞车中部的折叠式活动顶盖二的一端上，传动带一的一侧移动方向与传动带二的一侧移动方向相反，折叠式活动顶盖二的另外一端也固接在敞车上；挡块装置一和挡块装置二分别设置在位于敞车两侧的地面上且在敞车的移动过程中，挡块装置一能与位于敞车中部的外凸部一相配合接触，挡块装置二能与位于敞车中部的外凸部二相配合接触。
本发明还公开一种铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭机构，包括设置在敞车上的折叠式活动顶盖，所述折叠式活动顶盖包括折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二，折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均能从敞车的中部分别向敞车的两端收拢打开；所述开闭机构还包括带式传动机构，所述带式传动机构包括通过转轴一转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮一和转动轮二、通过转轴二转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮三和转动轮四以及传动带，传动带包括传动带一和传动带二，转动轮一和转动轮三之间通过传动带一配合传动连接，转动轮二和转动轮四之间通过传动带二配合传动连接；折叠式活动顶盖一的一端与传动带一的一侧相连接且在折叠式活动顶盖一的一端上设置有外凸部一，折叠式活动顶盖一的另外一端固接在敞车上，折叠式活动顶盖二的一端与传动带二的一侧相连接且在折叠式活动顶盖二的一端上设置有外凸部二，传动带一的一侧移动方向与传动带二的一侧移动方向相反，折叠式活动顶盖二的另外一端也固接在敞车上；在位于敞车两侧的地面上分别设置有挡块装置一和挡块装置二，当敞车移动时，通过挡块装置一与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，以使得折叠式活动 顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均从敞车的中部分别向敞车的两端收拢打开；当敞车继续朝同一方向移动时，通过挡块装置二与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动，以使得折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均从敞车的两端向敞车的中部伸出关闭。
优选的，所述折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均包括多块板体，多块板体首尾之间依次通过多个合页连接件连接成能折叠的盖板；在盖板折叠后位于下方位置的多个合页连接件的中心轴两端上以及在多块板体中第一块板体一端的两侧上均分别设置有盖板支撑滚轮机构一和盖板支撑滚轮机构二。
在敞车顶部开口两侧上设置有轨道一和轨道二，通过多个盖板支撑滚轮机构一与轨道一相滚动接触以及多个盖板支撑滚轮机构二与轨道二相滚动接触，从而使得折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均能沿轨道一和轨道二移动打开或关闭收拢在一起。
优选的，所述挡块装置一和挡块装置二均包括设置在地面上的地面杆和一端铰接在地面杆上的档块，在挡块与地面杆之间还设置有复位拉簧；当敞车移动时，通过挡块装置一中挡块的另外一端与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开；当敞车继续移动时，通过挡块装置二中挡块的另外一端与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭。
优选的，在轨道一的侧部上设置有导轨一，在轨道二的侧部上设置有导轨二，在导轨一和导轨二中分别设置有滑块一和滑块二，滑块一和滑块二均能分别沿导轨一和导轨二来、回移动；滑块一的侧部通过连接杆一与折叠式活动顶盖一中第一块板体一端上的盖板支撑滚轮机构一连接，传动带一的一侧也连接在连接杆一上，折叠式活动顶盖一中最后一块板体的一端固接在敞车上；外凸部二设置在滑块二的侧部上，外凸部二通过连接杆二与折叠式活动顶盖二中第一块板体一端上的盖板支撑滚轮机构二连接，传动带二的一侧也通过连接件连接在连接杆二上，折叠式活动顶盖二中最后一块板体的一端固接在敞车上。
优选的，所述挡块装置一和挡块装置二均包括设置在地面上的地面杆和设置在地面杆上的伸缩缸体；当敞车移动时，通过控制挡块装置一中伸缩缸体的活塞杆伸出与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开；当敞车继续移动时，通过挡块装置二中伸缩缸体伸出与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭。
优选的，所述盖板支撑滚轮机构一和盖板支撑滚轮机构二均包括机构支架、转动连接在机构支架上的顶部支撑轮、设置在机构支架一侧部的防脱导向块一和设置在机构支架另外一侧部的防脱导向块二，防脱导向块一和防脱导向块二均为L型。
轨道一和轨道二为工字状，盖板支撑滚轮机构一的顶部支撑轮滚动接触在工字状轨道一的顶部上，盖板支撑滚轮机构二的顶部支撑轮滚动接触在工字状轨道二的顶部上，盖板支撑滚轮机构一中的L型防脱导向块一和L型防脱导向块二分别位于工字状轨道一的顶部两侧位置，盖板支撑滚轮机构二中的L型防脱导向块一和L型防脱导向块二分别位于工字状轨道二的顶部两侧位置。
优选的，所述挡块装置一和挡块装置二均包括装置支架、一端铰接在装置支架上的挡臂和设置在装置支架上的定滑轮组；定滑轮组包括设置在装置支架 上多个定滑轮和与多个定滑轮相配合的拉绳，拉绳的一端与挡臂的另外一端处相连接，在拉绳的另外一端上固接有重物块。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明利用了带式传动机构中绕过传动轮的传动带两侧移动方向相反的特点，并采用设置在地面上的挡块装置与两半式结构的折叠式活动顶盖端部上的外凸部相配合，从而使得折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二能自动打开或合拢关闭在一起，无需额外增设动力机构或采用人工手动操作，减小了活动顶盖的加装难度，减少了活动顶盖的加装成本。通过对设置在地面上的挡块装置一和挡块装置二的不同结构设计，能更加便于对敞车上折叠式活动顶盖的开闭进行控制。通过设置导轨与滑块的配合，能进一步保证折叠式活动顶盖移动时的平稳性。通过将轨道一和轨道二均设置成倒U型，这样当折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二收拢后，能分别收拢到敞车的两侧部上，从而减少了敞车顶部的占用空间。
附图说明
图1为本发明中铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖开闭方法的原理示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1中当折叠式活动顶盖关闭时开闭机构的俯视结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例1中当折叠式活动顶盖打开时开闭机构的俯视结构示意图。
图4为图2中A部的放大结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例1中的敞车上且位于折叠式活动顶盖一处的局部主视结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例1中的敞车上且位于折叠式活动顶盖一处的左视结构示意图；
图7为图6中D部的放大结构示意图。
图8为本发明实施例1中的敞车上且位于折叠式活动顶盖二处的左部主视结构示意图。
图9为图8中E部的放大结构示意图。
图10中本发明实施例1中盖板支撑滚轮机构一的结构示意图。
图11为本发明实施例2的开闭机构中位于一个挡块装置处的局部俯视结构示意图。
图12为本发明实施例3开闭机构中的外凸部与挡块装置相配合的原理示意图。
图13为本发明实施例3中开闭机构的俯视结构示意图。
图14为本发明实施例4的敞车上且位于折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二处的主视结构示意图。
图15为本发明实施例5中当折叠式活动顶盖关闭时开闭机构的俯视结构示意图。
图16为本发明实施例6中的盖板支撑滚轮机构一与轨道一相配合的结构示意图。
图17为图16中F部的放大结构示意图。
图18为本发明实施例7中挡块装置一的主视结构示意图。
图19为本发明实施例7中当折叠式活动顶盖打开时，外凸部一与挡臂相配合的结构示意图一。
图20为本发明实施例7中当折叠式活动顶盖打开时，外凸部一与挡臂相 配合的结构示意图二。
图21为图18中G部的放大结构示意图。
图中：1.折叠式活动顶盖一，2.折叠式活动顶盖二，3.敞车，4.带式传动机构，5.传动带，511.传动带一，512.传动带二，6.外凸部一，7.外凸部二，8.挡块装置一，9.挡块装置二，10.转轴一，11.转动轮一，12.转动轮二，13.转轴二，14.转动轮三，15.转动轮四，16.地面杆，17.档块，18.复位拉簧，19.板体，20.合页连接件，21.盖板支撑滚轮机构一，22.盖板支撑滚轮机构二，23.轨道一，24.轨道二，25.导轨一，26.导轨二，27.滑块一，28.滑块二，29.连接杆一，30.连接杆二，31.垂向支撑板，32.水平连杆一，33.支撑滚轮，34.侧板，35.水平连杆二，36.导向滚轮，37.伸缩缸体，38.龙门架一，39.龙门架二,40.机构支架，41.顶部支撑轮，42.防脱导向块一，43.防脱导向块二，44.装置支架，441.支架底座，442.转动支架，45.挡臂，46.定滑轮，47.拉绳，48.重物块，49.回转支承，50.电机，51.传动齿轮。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细的阐述。
如图1所示，一种铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法，其是将折叠式活动顶盖设置成包括折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2的两半式结构，折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2均能从敞车3的中部分别向敞车3的两端收拢打开；在敞车3上还设置有带式传动机构4，折叠式活动顶盖一1的一端与带式传动机构中传动带5的一侧连接且在折叠式活动顶盖一1的一端处设置有外凸部一6，折叠式活动顶盖一1的另外一端固定在敞车3上，折叠式活动顶盖二2的一端与带式传动机构中传动带5的另外一侧连接且在折叠式活动顶盖二2的一端处设置有外凸部二7，折叠式活动顶盖二2的另外一端固定在敞车3上，传动带4一侧的移动方向与传动带4另外一侧的移动方向相反，即所述的传动带一侧和传动带另外一侧为绕过一个传动轮的传动带的两侧，在地面上设置有挡块装置一8和挡块装置二9；当敞车3移动时，通过挡块装置一8与外凸部一6相接触，从而带动带式传动机构4朝一个方向转动，以使得折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2均从敞车3的中部分别向敞车3的两端收拢打开；当敞车3继续朝同一方向移动时，通过挡块装置二9与外凸部二7相接触，从而带动带式传动机构4朝相反的另外一个方向转动，以使得折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2均从敞车3的两端向敞车3的中部伸出关闭。本发明可在铁路沿线设置货物装载区，在货物装载区的铁路沿线上设置挡块装置一和挡块装置二来完成货物的装载。本发明利用了带式传动机构中绕过传动轮的传动带两侧移动方向相反的特点，并采用设置在地面上的挡块装置与两半式结构的折叠式活动顶盖端部上的外凸部相配合，从而使得折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二能自动打开或合拢关闭在一起，无需额外增设动力机构或采用人工手动操作，减小了活动顶盖的加装难度，减少了活动顶盖的加装成本。
实施例1：如图2和图3所示，所述带式传动机构还包括通过转轴一10转动连接在敞车3两侧的转动轮一11和转动轮二12以及通过转轴二13转动连接在敞车3两侧的转动轮三14和转动轮四15，传动带5包括传动带一511和传动带二512，转动轮一11和转动轮三14之间通过传动带一511配合传动连接，转动轮二12和转动轮四15之间通过传动带二512配合传动连接；折叠式活动顶盖一1的一端与传动带一511的一侧相连接，外凸部一6设置在靠近传动带一 511的折叠式活动顶盖一1的一端上，折叠式活动顶盖一1的另外一端固接在敞车3上，折叠式活动顶盖二2的一端与传动带二512的一侧相连接，外凸部二7设置在靠近传动带二512的折叠式活动顶盖二2的一端上，传动带一511的一侧移动方向与传动带二512的一侧移动方向相反，折叠式活动顶盖二2的另外一端也固接在敞车3上；挡块装置一8和挡块装置二9分别设置在位于敞车3两侧的地面上。在本实施例中，折叠式活动顶盖一1的一端与传动带一511的下方一侧传动带体相连接，折叠式活动顶盖二2的一端与传动带二512的上方一侧传动带体相连接，这样当带式传动机构转动时，传动带一的下方一侧移动方向与传动带二的上方一侧移动方向正好相反，从而能使得折叠式活动顶盖一的一端和折叠式活动顶盖二的一端分别朝相反的方向移动。在本实施例中，在敞车的朝左(图中箭头方向)移动过程中，当外凸部一6遇到挡块装置一8的阻挡时，带式传动机构转动，折叠式活动顶盖一1的一端朝右边移动打开，由于带式传动机构的作用，折叠式活动顶盖二2的一端必然朝左边移动打开，这样就能将折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2自动打开，然后装载货物。当货物装载完毕后，再控制敞车3继续朝前朝左(图中箭头方向)移动，当外凸部二7遇到挡块装置二9的阻挡时，带式传动机构反向转动，折叠式活动顶盖二2的一端必然朝右移动关闭，由于带式传动机构的作用，折叠式活动顶盖一1的一端也必然朝左边移动关闭，从而就能将折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2自动关闭。带式传动机构可采用链轮和链条配合组成。
如图2至图4所示，所述挡块装置一8和挡块装置二9均包括设置在地面上的地面杆16和一端铰接在地面杆16上的档块17，在挡块17与地面杆16之间还设置有复位拉簧18。
折叠式活动顶盖打开时：控制敞车3移动，通过挡块装置一8中挡块17的另外一端与外凸部一6相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2打开，同时，挡块装置一8的复位拉簧18被拉伸；当折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2打开到位后，控制敞车3继续移动，此时在敞车3的带动下，外凸部一6与挡块装置一8中挡块17的另外一端相分离，在挡块装置一8的复位拉簧18的复位作用下，挡块装置一8的挡块17回到原位。
折叠式活动顶盖关闭时：控制敞车3朝同一个方向继续移动，通过挡块装置二9中挡块17的另外一端与外凸部二7相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2关闭，同时，挡块装置二9的复位拉簧18被拉伸；当折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2关闭到位后，控制敞车3继续移动，此时在敞车3的带动下，外凸部二7与挡块装置二9中挡块17的另外一端相分离，在挡块装置二9的复位拉簧18的复位作用下，挡块装置二9的挡块17回到原位。
如图2至图4所示，本实施例还公开一种铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭机构，包括设置在敞车3上的折叠式活动顶盖，所述折叠式活动顶盖包括折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2，折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2均能从敞车3的中部分别向敞车3的两端收拢打开；所述开闭机构还包括带式传动机构，所述带式传动机构包括通过转轴一10转动连接在敞车3两侧的转动轮一11和转动轮二12、通过转轴二13转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮三14和转动轮四15以及传动带5，传动带5包括传动带一511和传动带二512，转动轮一11和转动轮三14之间通过传动带一511配合传动连接，转动轮二12 和转动轮四15之间通过传动带二512配合传动连接；折叠式活动顶盖一1的一端与传动带一511的一侧相连接且在折叠式活动顶盖一1的一端上设置有外凸部一6，折叠式活动顶盖一1的另外一端固接在敞车3上，折叠式活动顶盖二2的一端与传动带二512的一侧相连接且在折叠式活动顶盖二2的一端上设置有外凸部二7，传动带一511的一侧移动方向与传动带二512的一侧移动方向相反，折叠式活动顶盖二2的另外一端也固接在敞车3上；在位于敞车两侧的地面上分别设置有挡块装置一8和挡块装置二9，当敞车移动时，通过挡块装置一8与外凸部一6相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，以使得折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2均从敞车3的中部分别向敞车3的两端收拢打开；当敞车3继续朝同一方向移动时，通过挡块装置二9与外凸部二7相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动，以使得折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2均从敞车的两端向敞车的中部伸出关闭。
如图5和图6所示，所述折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2均包括多块板体19，多块板体19首尾之间依次通过多个合页连接件20连接成能折叠的盖板；在盖板折叠后位于下方位置的多个合页连接件20的中心轴两端上以及在多块板体中第一块板体19一端(图中C处)的两侧上均分别设置有盖板支撑滚轮机构一21和盖板支撑滚轮机构二22，多块板体19中最后一块板体一端(图中B处)与敞车固接。
在敞车3顶部开口两侧上且沿敞车3的长度方向设置有的轨道一23和轨道二24，通过多个盖板支撑滚轮机构一21与轨道一23相滚动接触以及多个盖板支撑滚轮机构二22与轨道二24相滚动接触，从而使得折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2均能沿轨道一23和轨道二24移动打开或关闭收拢在一起。通过设置盖板支撑滚轮机构与轨道相配合，能保证折叠式活动顶盖移动时的平稳性。在这里，折叠式活动顶盖也可以采用普通的折叠式顶盖。
如图6至图9所示，在轨道一23的侧部上设置有导轨一25，导轨一25和轨道一23可设置成一体结构，在轨道二24的侧部上设置有导轨二26，导轨二26和轨道二24也可设置成一体结构，在导轨一25和导轨二26中分别设置有滑块一27和滑块二28，滑块一27和滑块二28均能分别沿导轨一25和导轨二26来、回移动；外凸部一6设置在滑块一27的侧部上，外凸部一6通过连接杆一29与折叠式活动顶盖一1中第一块板体19一端上的盖板支撑滚轮机构一21连接，传动带一511的一侧也通过连接件(如连接片)连接在连接杆一29上，折叠式活动顶盖一1中最后一块板体19的一端固接在敞车上；外凸部二7设置在滑块二28的侧部上，外凸部二7通过连接杆二30与折叠式活动顶盖二2中第一块板体19一端上的盖板支撑滚轮机构二22连接，传动带二512的一侧也通过连接件(如连接片)连接在连接杆二30上，折叠式活动顶盖二2中最后一块板体19的一端固接在敞车上。通过设置滑块与导轨相配合，能进一步保证折叠式活动顶盖移动时的平稳性。
如图7和图10所示，所述轨道一23和轨道二24均包括轨道本体和设置在轨道本体一侧上的侧部导向凹槽；所述盖板支撑滚轮机构一21和盖板支撑滚轮机构二22均包括垂向支撑板31、设置在垂向支撑板31一侧上的水平连杆一32和通过轴承一转动套接在水平连杆一32上的支撑滚轮33；水平连杆一32的一端与垂向支撑板31连接，在水平连杆一32的另外一端上连接有侧板34，垂向支撑板31、水平连杆一32和侧板34之间构成倒U型，侧板34的一端与水平连杆一32的另外一端连接，在侧板34的另外一端上设置有水平连杆二35，在 水平连杆二35上转动连接有导向滚轮36。
通过盖板支撑滚轮机构一21的支撑滚轮33和导向滚轮36分别与轨道一23的轨道本体顶部和侧部导向凹槽相滚动接触以及通过盖板支撑滚轮机构二22的支撑滚轮33和导向滚轮36分别与轨道二24的轨道本体顶部和侧部导向凹槽相滚动接触，从而将折叠式活动盖板打开或将叠式活动盖板收拢在一起。本实施例利用支撑滚轮与轨道滚动接触，实现了折叠式盖板在轨道上的移动功能，从而能便捷的将折叠式盖板打开或将折叠式盖板收拢在一起。另外，利用盖板支撑滚轮机构一的导向滚轮和盖板支撑滚轮机构二的导向滚轮与轨道一的侧部导向凹槽以及轨道二的侧部导向凹槽相配合，从而保证了折叠式盖板在打开移动或收拢移动时的平稳性，进一步保证了工作的顺利进行。
实施例2：如图11所示，与实施例1相比，不同之处在于：所述挡块装置一8和挡块装置二9均包括设置在地面上的地面杆16和设置在地面杆16上的伸缩缸体37；在本实施例中，伸缩缸体可采用气缸或液压缸。
折叠式活动顶盖打开时：控制挡块装置一8中伸缩缸体37的活塞杆伸出，再控制敞车3移动，通过挡块装置一8中伸缩缸体37的活塞杆与外凸部一6相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2打开；当折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2打开到位后，控制挡块装置一8中伸缩缸体37的活塞杆回缩。
折叠式活动顶盖关闭时：控制挡块装置二9中伸缩缸体37的活塞杆伸出，再控制敞车3朝同一个方向继续移动，通过挡块装置二9中伸缩缸体37的活塞杆与外凸部二7相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2关闭；当折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2关闭到位后，控制过挡块装置二9中伸缩缸体37的活塞杆回缩。
实施例3：如图12和图13所示，所述带式传动机构还包括通过转轴一10转动连接在敞车中部的转动轮一11以及通过转轴二13转动连接在敞车3中部的转动轮二12，转动轮一11和转动轮二12之间通过传动带一511配合传动连接；折叠式活动顶盖一1的一端与传动带511的一侧相连接，折叠式活动顶盖一1的另外一端固接在敞车3上，折叠式活动顶盖二2的一端与传动带511的另外一侧相连接，传动带511一侧移动方向与传动带511另外一侧移动方向相反，折叠式活动顶盖二2的另外一端也固接在敞车3上；挡块装置一8和挡块装置二9分别通过龙门架一38和龙门架二39设置在地面上且挡块装置一8和挡块装置二9均位于敞车3的中部位置；外凸部一6和外凸二7也分别设置在折叠式活动顶盖一1端部的中间位置上和折叠式活动顶盖二2端部的中间位置上。
折叠式活动顶盖打开时：控制敞车3移动，使得挡块装置一8与外凸部一6相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2打开。
折叠式活动顶盖关闭时：控制敞车3朝同一个方向继续移动，通过挡块装置二9与外凸部二7相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一1和折叠式活动顶盖二2关闭。
实施例4：如图14所示，与实施例1相比，不同之处在于：轨道一23和轨道二24均设置成倒U型，折叠式活动顶盖一1的多块板体中最后一块板体19一端固接在倒U型轨道一23和轨道二24的一端上，折叠式活动顶盖二2的多块板体中最后一块板体19一端固接在倒U型轨道一23和轨道二24的另外一端上。这样当折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二收拢后，能分别收拢到敞车 的两侧部上(如图14所示)，从而减少了敞车顶部的占用空间。
实施例5：如图15所示，与实施例1相比，不同之处在于：所述带式传动机构还包括通过转轴一10转动连接在敞车3两侧的转动轮一11和转动轮二12以及通过转轴二13转动连接在敞车3两侧的转动轮三14和转动轮四15，传动带包括传动带一511和传动带二512，转动轮一11和转动轮三14之间通过传动带一511配合传动连接，转动轮二12和转动轮四15之间通过传动带二512配合传动连接；折叠式活动顶盖一1的一端与传动带一511的一侧相连接，外凸部一6设置在位于敞车中部的折叠式活动顶盖一1的一端上，折叠式活动顶盖一1的另外一端固接在敞车3上，折叠式活动顶盖二2的一端与传动带二512的一侧相连接，外凸部二7设置在位于敞车中部的折叠式活动顶盖二2的一端上，传动带一511的一侧移动方向与传动带二512的一侧移动方向相反，折叠式活动顶盖二2的另外一端也固接在敞车3上；挡块装置一和挡块装置二分别设置在位于敞车两侧的地面上且在敞车的移动过程中，挡块装置一能与位于敞车中部的外凸部一相配合接触，挡块装置二能与位于敞车中部的外凸部二相配合接触(图中未示出)。
实施例6：如图16和图17所示，与实施例1相比，不同之处在于：所述盖板支撑滚轮机构一21包括机构支架40、转动连接在机构支架40上的顶部支撑轮41、设置在机构支架40一侧部的防脱导向块一42和设置在机构支架40另外一侧部的防脱导向块二43，防脱导向块一42和防脱导向块二43均为L型；盖板支撑滚轮机构二的结构和盖板支撑滚轮机构一的结构是一样的。
轨道一23和轨道二24为工字状，盖板支撑滚轮机构一21的顶部支撑轮41滚动接触在工字状轨道一23的顶部上，盖板支撑滚轮机构二的顶部支撑轮滚动接触在工字状轨道二的顶部上，盖板支撑滚轮机构一21中的L型防脱导向块一42和L型防脱导向块二43分别位于工字状轨道一23的顶部两侧位置，盖板支撑滚轮机构二中的L型防脱导向块一和L型防脱导向块二分别位于工字状轨道二的顶部两侧位置。
在折叠式活动顶盖的移动过程中，通过盖板支撑滚轮机构一中的L型防脱导向块一和L型防脱导向块二与工字状轨道一相配合，以及通过盖板支撑滚轮机构二中的L型防脱导向块一和L型防脱导向块二与工字状轨道二相配合，防止盖板支撑滚轮机构与轨道之间发生脱落现象且保证盖板支撑滚轮机构沿轨道移动时的导向性，比如当盖板支撑滚轮机构发生脱轨的趋势时，L型防脱导向块一和L型防脱导向块二会钩住工字状轨道，从而避免了脱轨现象的发生，当盖板支撑滚轮机构沿轨道移动发生左、右方向的偏移时，利用L型防脱导向块一和L型防脱导向块二分别与工字状轨道顶部的两侧面相接触，从而保证了导向性，使得盖板支撑滚轮机构能沿轨道一直移动。在本实施例中，L型防脱导向块一和L型防脱导向块二均可采用尼龙、石墨或铜块等材料制成。
实施例7：如图18和图19所示，与实施例1相比，不同之处在于：所述挡块装置一8包括装置支架44、一端铰接在装置支架44上的挡臂45和设置在装置支架44上的定滑轮组；定滑轮组包括设置在装置支架44上多个定滑轮46和与多个定滑轮46相配合的拉绳47，拉绳47的一端与挡臂45的另外一端处相连接，在拉绳47的另外一端上固接有重物块48。挡块装置二的结构和挡块装置一的结构是一样的。
如图19和图20所示，折叠式活动顶盖打开时：控制敞车3移动，使得挡块装置一的挡臂45的另外一端与外凸部一6相接触，从而带动带式传动机构 朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开。在此过程中，由于挡臂被重物块通过拉绳拉紧，因此，折叠式活动顶盖在挡臂的阻挡下被折叠起来，而挡臂在折叠式活动顶盖的折叠过程中是固定不动的；当折叠式活动顶盖完全被折叠后，由于折叠式活动顶盖无法再进行折叠移动，因此在敞车3的继续移动下，会通过外凸块一6反作用于挡臂45，当反作用力大于重物块的重力时，在折叠式活动顶盖上的外凸块一6的反作用力下，挡臂45的另外一端处会围绕其一端的铰接点发生转动。在敞车3的继续移动下，外凸块一6和挡臂45的另外一端会逐渐分离开来，当分离开来后，在重物块的重力作用下，挡臂45的另外一端处会围绕其一端的铰接点发生反向转动，从而使得挡臂45回到原位。
折叠式活动顶盖关闭时：控制敞车继续移动，使得挡块装置二的挡臂的另外一端与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝另外一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭。在此过程中，由于挡臂被重物块通过拉绳拉紧，因此，折叠式活动顶盖在挡臂的阻挡下被打开，而挡臂在折叠式活动顶盖的打开过程中是固定不动的；当折叠式活动顶盖完全被打开后，由于折叠式活动顶盖无法再进行打开移动，因此在敞车的继续移动下，会通过外凸块一反作用于挡臂，当反作用力大于重物块的重力时，在折叠式活动顶盖上的外凸块二的反作用力下，挡臂的另外一端处会围绕其一端的铰接点发生转动。在敞车的继续移动下，外凸块二和挡臂的另外一端会逐渐分离开来，当分离开来后，在重物块的重力作用下，挡臂的另外一端处会围绕其一端的铰接点发生反向转动，从而使得挡臂回到原位(图中未示出)。
如图21所示，装置支架44包括支架底座441和通过回转支承49转动连接在支架底座441上的转动支架442，挡臂45和定滑轮组均设置在转动支架442上，回转支承49的外圈为外齿圈，在支架底座441上还设置有电机50，电机50的输出轴上设置有传动齿轮51，通过传动齿轮51与回转支承49的外齿圈相配合，从而能带动转动支架441转动。由于工作时，挡臂是位于铁轨上方空间位置的，因此，当发生特殊情况时，可通过电机带动转动支架转动，使得挡臂能离开铁轨上方空间位置。
综上，本发明利用了带式传动机构中绕过传动轮的传动带两侧移动方向相反的特点，并采用设置在地面上的挡块装置与两半式结构的折叠式活动顶盖端部上的外凸部相配合，从而使得折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二能自动打开或合拢关闭在一起，无需额外增设动力机构或采用人工手动操作，减小了活动顶盖的加装难度，减少了活动顶盖的加装成本。通过对设置在地面上的挡块装置一和挡块装置二的不同结构设计，能更加便于对敞车上折叠式活动顶盖的开闭进行控制。通过设置导轨与滑块的配合，能进一步保证折叠式活动顶盖移动时的平稳性。通过将轨道一和轨道二均设置成倒U型，这样当折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二收拢后，能分别收拢到敞车的两侧部上，从而减少了敞车顶部的占用空间。
以上实施例中所述的“多个”即指“两个或两个以上”的数量。以上实施例仅供说明本发明之用，而非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变化或变换，因此所有等同的技术方案也应该属于本发明的保护范围，本发明的保护范围应该由各权利要求限定。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法，其特征在于：将折叠式活动顶盖设置成包括折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二的两半式结构，折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均能从敞车的中部分别向敞车的两端收拢打开；在敞车上还设置有带式传动机构，折叠式活动顶盖一的一端与带式传动机构中传动带的一侧连接且在折叠式活动顶盖一的一端处设置有外凸部一，折叠式活动顶盖一的另外一端固定在敞车上，折叠式活动顶盖二的一端与带式传动机构中传动带的另外一侧连接且在折叠式活动顶盖二的一端处设置有外凸部二，折叠式活动顶盖二的另外一端固定在敞车上，传动带一侧的移动方向与传动带另外一侧的移动方向相反，在地面上设置有挡块装置一和挡块装置二；当敞车移动时，通过挡块装置一与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，以使得折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均从敞车的中部分别向敞车的两端收拢打开；当敞车继续朝同一方向移动时，通过挡块装置二与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动，以使得折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均从敞车的两端向敞车的中部伸出关闭。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法，其特征在于：所述带式传动机构还包括通过转轴一转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮一和转动轮二以及通过转轴二转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮三和转动轮四，传动带包括传动带一和传动带二，转动轮一和转动轮三之间通过传动带一配合传动连接，转动轮二和转动轮四之间通过传动带二配合传动连接；折叠式活动顶盖一的一端与传动带一的一侧相连接，外凸部一设置在靠近传动带一的折叠式活动顶盖一的一端上，折叠式活动顶盖一的另外一端固接在敞车上，折叠式活动顶盖二的一端与传动带二的一侧相连接，外凸部二设置在靠近传动带二的折叠式活动顶盖二的一端上，传动带一的一侧移动方向与传动带二的一侧移动方向相反，折叠式活动顶盖二的另外一端也固接在敞车上；挡块装置一和挡块装置二分别设置在位于敞车两侧的地面上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法，其特征在于：所述挡块装置一和挡块装置二均包括设置在地面上的地面杆和一端铰接在地面杆上的档块，在挡块与地面杆之间还设置有复位拉簧；
    折叠式活动顶盖打开时：控制敞车移动，通过挡块装置一中挡块的另外一端与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开，同时，挡块装置一的复位拉簧被拉伸；当折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开到位后，控制敞车继续移动，此时在敞车的带动下，外凸部一与挡块装置一中挡块的另外一端相分离，在挡块装置一的复位拉簧的复位作用下，挡块装置一的挡块回到原位；
    折叠式活动顶盖关闭时：控制敞车朝同一个方向继续移动，通过挡块装置二中挡块的另外一端与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭，同时，挡块装置二的复位拉簧被拉伸；当折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭到位后，控制敞车继续移动，此时在敞车的带动下，外凸部二与挡块装置二中挡块的另外一端相分离，在挡块装置二的复位拉簧的复位作用下，挡块装置二的挡块回到原位。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法，其特征在于：所述挡块装置一和挡块装置二均包括设置在地面上的地面杆和设置在地面杆上的伸缩缸体；
    折叠式活动顶盖打开时：控制挡块装置一中伸缩缸体的活塞杆伸出，再控制敞车 移动，通过挡块装置一中伸缩缸体的活塞杆与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开；当折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开到位后，控制挡块装置一中伸缩缸体的活塞杆回缩；
    折叠式活动顶盖关闭时：控制挡块装置二中伸缩缸体的活塞杆伸出，再控制敞车朝同一个方向继续移动，通过挡块装置二中伸缩缸体的活塞杆与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭；当折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭到位后，控制挡块装置二中伸缩缸体的活塞杆回缩。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法，其特征在于：所述带式传动机构还包括通过转轴一转动连接在敞车中部的转动轮一以及通过转轴二转动连接在敞车中部的转动轮二，转动轮一和转动轮二之间通过传动带一配合传动连接；折叠式活动顶盖一的一端与传动带的一侧相连接，折叠式活动顶盖一的另外一端固接在敞车上，折叠式活动顶盖二的一端与传动带的另外一侧相连接，传动带一侧移动方向与传动带另外一侧移动方向相反，折叠式活动顶盖二的另外一端也固接在敞车上；挡块装置一和挡块装置二分别通过龙门架一和龙门架二设置在地面上且挡块装置一和挡块装置二均位于敞车的中部位置；外凸部一和外凸二也分别设置在折叠式活动顶盖一端部的中间位置上和折叠式活动顶盖二端部的中间位置上；
    折叠式活动顶盖打开时：控制敞车移动，使得挡块装置一与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开；
    折叠式活动顶盖关闭时：控制敞车朝同一个方向继续移动，通过挡块装置二与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭方法，其特征在于：所述带式传动机构还包括通过转轴一转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮一和转动轮二以及通过转轴二转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮三和转动轮四，传动带包括传动带一和传动带二，转动轮一和转动轮三之间通过传动带一配合传动连接，转动轮二和转动轮四之间通过传动带二配合传动连接；折叠式活动顶盖一的一端与传动带一的一侧相连接，外凸部一设置在位于敞车中部的折叠式活动顶盖一的一端上，折叠式活动顶盖一的另外一端固接在敞车上，折叠式活动顶盖二的一端与传动带二的一侧相连接，外凸部二设置在位于敞车中部的折叠式活动顶盖二的一端上，传动带一的一侧移动方向与传动带二的一侧移动方向相反，折叠式活动顶盖二的另外一端也固接在敞车上；挡块装置一和挡块装置二分别设置在位于敞车两侧的地面上且在敞车的移动过程中，挡块装置一能与位于敞车中部的外凸部一相配合接触，挡块装置二能与位于敞车中部的外凸部二相配合接触。
  7. 一种铁路货运敞车折叠式活动顶盖的开闭机构，包括设置在敞车上的折叠式活动顶盖，其特征在于：所述折叠式活动顶盖包括折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二，折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均能从敞车的中部分别向敞车的两端收拢打开；所述开闭机构还包括带式传动机构，所述带式传动机构包括通过转轴一转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮一和转动轮二、通过转轴二转动连接在敞车两侧的转动轮三和转动轮四以及传动带，传动带包括传动带一和传动带二，转动轮一和转动轮三之间通过传动带一配合传动连接，转动轮二和转动轮四之间通 过传动带二配合传动连接；折叠式活动顶盖一的一端与传动带一的一侧相连接且在折叠式活动顶盖一的一端上设置有外凸部一，折叠式活动顶盖一的另外一端固接在敞车上，折叠式活动顶盖二的一端与传动带二的一侧相连接且在折叠式活动顶盖二的一端上设置有外凸部二，传动带一的一侧移动方向与传动带二的一侧移动方向相反，折叠式活动顶盖二的另外一端也固接在敞车上；在位于敞车两侧的地面上分别设置有挡块装置一和挡块装置二，当敞车移动时，通过挡块装置一与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，以使得折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均从敞车的中部分别向敞车的两端收拢打开；当敞车继续朝同一方向移动时，通过挡块装置二与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动，以使得折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均从敞车的两端向敞车的中部伸出关闭。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的开闭机构，其特征在于：所述折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均包括多块板体，多块板体首尾之间依次通过多个合页连接件连接成能折叠的盖板；在盖板折叠后位于下方位置的多个合页连接件的中心轴两端上以及在多块板体中第一块板体一端的两侧上均分别设置有盖板支撑滚轮机构一和盖板支撑滚轮机构二；
    在敞车顶部开口两侧上设置有轨道一和轨道二，通过多个盖板支撑滚轮机构一与轨道一相滚动接触以及多个盖板支撑滚轮机构二与轨道二相滚动接触，从而使得折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二均能沿轨道一和轨道二移动打开或关闭收拢在一起。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的开闭机构，其特征在于：所述挡块装置一和挡块装置二均包括设置在地面上的地面杆和一端铰接在地面杆上的档块，在挡块与地面杆之间还设置有复位拉簧；当敞车移动时，通过挡块装置一中挡块的另外一端与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开；当敞车继续移动时，通过挡块装置二中挡块的另外一端与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的开闭机构，其特征在于：在轨道一的侧部上设置有导轨一，在轨道二的侧部上设置有导轨二，在导轨一和导轨二中分别设置有滑块一和滑块二，滑块一和滑块二均能分别沿导轨一和导轨二来、回移动；滑块一的侧部通过连接杆一与折叠式活动顶盖一中第一块板体一端上的盖板支撑滚轮机构一连接，传动带一的一侧也连接在连接杆一上，折叠式活动顶盖一中最后一块板体的一端固接在敞车上；外凸部二设置在滑块二的侧部上，外凸部二通过连接杆二与折叠式活动顶盖二中第一块板体一端上的盖板支撑滚轮机构二连接，传动带二的一侧也通过连接件连接在连接杆二上，折叠式活动顶盖二中最后一块板体的一端固接在敞车上。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的开闭机构，其特征在于：所述挡块装置一和挡块装置二均包括设置在地面上的地面杆和设置在地面杆上的伸缩缸体；当敞车移动时，通过控制挡块装置一中伸缩缸体的活塞杆伸出与外凸部一相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝一个方向转动，将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二打开；当敞车继续移动时，通过挡块装置二中伸缩缸体伸出与外凸部二相接触，从而带动带式传动机构朝相反的另外一个方向转动；将折叠式活动顶盖一和折叠式活动顶盖二关闭。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的开闭机构，其特征在于：所述盖板支撑滚轮机构一和 盖板支撑滚轮机构二均包括机构支架、转动连接在机构支架上的顶部支撑轮、设置在机构支架一侧部的防脱导向块一和设置在机构支架另外一侧部的防脱导向块二，防脱导向块一和防脱导向块二均为L型；
    轨道一和轨道二为工字状，盖板支撑滚轮机构一的顶部支撑轮滚动接触在工字状轨道一的顶部上，盖板支撑滚轮机构二的顶部支撑轮滚动接触在工字状轨道二的顶部上，盖板支撑滚轮机构一中的L型防脱导向块一和L型防脱导向块二分别位于工字状轨道一的顶部两侧位置，盖板支撑滚轮机构二中的L型防脱导向块一和L型防脱导向块二分别位于工字状轨道二的顶部两侧位置。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的开闭机构，其特征在于：所述挡块装置一和挡块装置二均包括装置支架、一端铰接在装置支架上的挡臂和设置在装置支架上的定滑轮组；定滑轮组包括设置在装置支架上多个定滑轮和与多个定滑轮相配合的拉绳，拉绳的一端与挡臂的另外一端处相连接，在拉绳的另外一端上固接有重物块。
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