WO2019037467A1 - 一种废排风门自动控制装置及具有该装置的车体 - Google Patents

一种废排风门自动控制装置及具有该装置的车体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019037467A1
WO2019037467A1 PCT/CN2018/085649 CN2018085649W WO2019037467A1 WO 2019037467 A1 WO2019037467 A1 WO 2019037467A1 CN 2018085649 W CN2018085649 W CN 2018085649W WO 2019037467 A1 WO2019037467 A1 WO 2019037467A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
door body
door
core
control device
pressure
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Application number
PCT/CN2018/085649
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姚拴宝
陈大伟
张从慧
林鹏
蒋欣
李云峰
刘韶庆
丁叁叁
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 filed Critical 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority to US16/628,607 priority Critical patent/US11383740B2/en
Priority to CA3065392A priority patent/CA3065392C/en
Priority to EP18847329.2A priority patent/EP3674169B1/en
Publication of WO2019037467A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019037467A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/009—Means for ventilating only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/0009—Means for controlling or equalizing air pressure shocks in trains, e.g. when passing or crossing in tunnels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/24—Devices purely for ventilating or where the heating or cooling is irrelevant
    • B60H1/248—Air-extractors, air-evacuation from the vehicle interior
    • B60H1/249—Air-extractors, air-evacuation from the vehicle interior using one-way valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicle equipment, in particular to an automatic exhaust damper control device and a vehicle body having the same.
  • urban rail and metro vehicles need to continuously pass through complex road conditions and structures such as tunnels, platforms, viaducts, and ventilation shafts.
  • complex road conditions and structures such as tunnels, platforms, viaducts, and ventilation shafts.
  • the invention provides an automatic exhaust damper control device and a vehicle body having the same, which can automatically control the waste exhaust valve on the vehicle body through a pure mechanical structure according to the fluctuation characteristics of the pressure wave outside the vehicle.
  • the opening and closing thereby reducing the influence of the pressure wave outside the vehicle on the pressure change inside the vehicle, and effectively improving the airtight performance of the vehicle body.
  • the present invention provides an automatic exhaust damper control device, comprising a core body, an inner door body and an outer door body, the core body being fixed on the damper opening of the waste exhaust door, the outer The top of the door body is articulated on the outer side of the core body, and the bottom of the inner door body is movably hinged on the inner side of the core body; when there is no pressure wave on the outer side of the core body, the outer door body and the outer door body When the inner door body is open, when there is a pressure wave on the outer side of the core body, the outer door body and/or the inner door body are automatically sealed and closed under the pressure difference between the inner and outer sides of the core body.
  • the outer air pressure of the core body is greater than the inner air pressure, and the outer door body is closed;
  • the outer air pressure of the core body is smaller than the inner air pressure, and the inner door body is closed;
  • the outer air pressure of the core is equal to the inner air pressure, and the outer door body and the inner door body are both closed.
  • the air pressure inside the core body is in a state of micro-positive pressure.
  • the micro-positive pressure state is 30 Pa to 50 Pa.
  • the core body comprises a core board and a bracket, and the core board is connected to a damper opening of the waste exhaust damper, wherein the core board is respectively opposed to two brackets, and the outer side of each of the brackets
  • Each of the brackets is articulated to the top of one of the outer door bodies, and the inner side of each of the brackets is movably hinged to the bottom of one of the inner door bodies, and when the outer door body and/or the inner door body are closed, The outer door body and/or the inner door body are respectively sealedly connected to the bracket.
  • the door opening angle between the outer door body and the bracket is determined according to the air volume entering and leaving the air door opening and the weight of the outer door body.
  • the door opening angle between the inner door body and the bracket is determined according to the air volume entering and leaving the air door opening and the weight of the inner door body.
  • the inner and outer sides of the bracket are respectively provided with a gasket.
  • the cover body further comprises a air duct formed between the cover body and the core body, and two ends of the air duct are respectively provided with air vents.
  • the cover body is arcuate so that the two vents are disposed downward.
  • the filter vent is fixed on the vent.
  • the outer side of the filter plate is fixed with a flashing plate.
  • the cover body and the core body are connected by a support rod.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle body including the waste damper automatic control device as described above.
  • the device can automatically control the opening and closing of the waste exhaust valve on the vehicle body through the pure mechanical structure according to the fluctuation characteristics of the pressure wave outside the vehicle, thereby reducing the influence of the pressure wave outside the vehicle on the pressure change inside the vehicle, and effectively Improve the airtight performance of the car body, and the greater the pressure wave, the better the airtight effect of the device;
  • the device adopts pure mechanical structure, which can realize automatic opening and closing of the outer door body and the inner door body without any automatic control equipment. It is simple in design and manufacture, easy to maintain, flexible in interface mode, and can be applied to different types of cities. Rail and subway vehicles;
  • the device uses the structure of the core to set the waste exhaust door to a multi-duct structure with both sides ventilated at the same time, so that the outer door and the inner door in each air passage are ensured under the premise of ensuring the airtightness of the vehicle body.
  • the gas exchange between the vehicle body and the outside is smoother.
  • the device can meet the design requirements of different airtightness and exhaust air volume by changing the weight of the outer door body and the inner door body, the opening displacement of the door body and the opening angle of the door body;
  • the device adopts a streamlined design.
  • the device can be integrated with the appearance of the vehicle body when installed on the waste exhaust dam of the vehicle body, and meets the requirements of leakage prevention.
  • the aerodynamic drag of the exhaust damper is reduced to some extent, and the higher the running speed of the train, the more obvious the drag reduction effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an automatic exhaust damper control device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the automatic exhaust damper automatic control device after removing the cover body according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 are comparison diagrams of pressure change values of pressure measuring points in the airtightness test of the vehicle body according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a plurality means two or more unless otherwise stated.
  • the orientation or positional relationship of the terms “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “inside”, “outside”, “front end”, “back end”, “head”, “tail”, etc. is The orientation and the positional relationship shown in the drawings are merely for the convenience of the description of the invention and the simplification of the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to has a specific orientation, is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood. To limit the invention.
  • the automatic exhaust damper automatic control device provided by the embodiment is a pure mechanical structure, and the device can automatically control the waste on the vehicle body through a pure mechanical structure according to the fluctuation characteristics of the pressure wave outside the vehicle.
  • the opening and closing of the damper reduces the influence of the pressure wave outside the vehicle on the pressure change inside the vehicle, and effectively improves the airtight performance of the vehicle body.
  • the main purpose is to prevent the violent fluctuation of the pressure inside the vehicle caused by the violent fluctuation of the external pressure of the vehicle.
  • a well-designed car body the pressure outside the car fluctuates drastically and does not cause drastic fluctuations in the pressure inside the car.
  • the device comprises a core body 8, an inner door body 2 and an outer door body 1.
  • the core body 8 is fixed on the waste exhaust door, and the top of the outer door body 1 is hingedly hinged on the core body 8.
  • the bottom of the inner door body 2 is articulated on the inner side of the core body 8.
  • the outer door body 1 and the inner door body 2 are hinged to the inner and outer sides of the core body 8 respectively by a hinge mechanism, thereby making the outer door body 1 can be lifted with its top as the axis, and the inner door 2 can be split with its bottom as the axis.
  • the core body 8 of the present embodiment is a main support structure, and the inside is hollow, and the bottom is provided with an opening, and the opening is installed on the air door of the waste exhaust door so that the gas can pass through the bottom of the core 8. Open and exit the damper door of the waste damper.
  • the core body 8 includes a core plate 814 and a bracket 82. The opening disposed on the core plate 814 communicates with the air door opening of the waste exhaust valve.
  • the core plate 814 has two brackets 82 opposite to each other, and the outer side of each bracket 82 Both are articulated to the top of an outer door body 1, and the inner sides of each bracket 82 are hingedly articulated to the bottom of an inner door body 2 such that the two brackets 82 become two air passages for gas in and out of the waste damper.
  • both brackets 82 are inclined inwardly on both sides of the core plate 814, so that the core 8 is integrally formed in a trapezoidal structure, and the inner door body 2 and the outer door body 1 on each bracket 82 are opened. At the same time, the gas can smoothly enter and exit from the two air passages, which is more conducive to gas exchange inside and outside the vehicle.
  • the outer door body 1 and/or the inner door body 2 When the outer door body 1 and/or the inner door body 2 are closed, the outer door body 1 or the inner door body 2 is respectively sealedly connected with the bracket 82, thereby ensuring good airtightness of the air passage opening; when the outer door body 1 is opened, According to the air volume of the vent and the weight of the outer door body 1, the door opening angle ⁇ between the outer door body 1 and the bracket 82 is determined; when the inner door body 2 is opened, according to the air volume of the vent, and the inner door body 2 The weight determines the door opening angle ⁇ between the inner door body 2 and the bracket 82.
  • the inner and outer sides of the bracket 82 are respectively provided with a gasket.
  • an embedding groove is provided at an edge of the air duct opening, and a sealing pad is installed in the embedding groove, so that when the outer door body 1 is closed outside the air duct opening, the sealing body can be embedded on the outer side of the air duct opening to ensure the outer door body 1
  • the sealing between the air duct opening of the bracket 82 and the air duct opening of the bracket 82 can also be provided on the inner side of the air duct opening so that the inner door body 2 can be embedded in the inner side of the air duct opening when the inner door body 2 is closed inside the air duct opening. The seal between the inner door body 2 and the air duct opening of the bracket 82 is ensured.
  • a plurality of air ducts are respectively arranged side by side on the bracket 82, and the outer door body 1 and the inner door body 2 are respectively hingedly hinged on the inner and outer sides of each air duct port, and the outer door body 1 is respectively
  • the number of the inner door body 2 and the inner door body 2 are the same as the number of the air duct openings on the bracket 82, and the size is larger than the size of the air duct opening.
  • the outer door body 1 and the inner door body 2 may have the same size or different sizes; Preferably, the edges of the air duct are thickened.
  • the device of the embodiment further includes a cover body 3 to prevent rain and snow from directly covering the core body 8, affecting gas circulation, forming a air passage between the cover body 3 and the core body 8, and ventilation is provided at both ends of the air passage.
  • the cover body 3 and the core body 8 are connected by a support rod 5 to increase the structural stability of the device and provide reliable support for the cover body 3.
  • the cover body 3 is arranged in an arc shape so that the two vents are disposed downward, and the streamlined design enables the device to be integrated with the appearance of the vehicle body when mounted on the waste exhaust door of the vehicle body.
  • the aerodynamic drag of the exhaust damper is reduced to some extent, and the higher the running speed of the train, the more obvious the drag reduction effect.
  • the filter plate 6 In order to prevent external debris from entering the core 8 through the vent, it is preferable to fix the filter plate 6 on each vent.
  • the mesh number of the filter plate 6 can be set according to actual needs, and the rain is fixed on the outer side of the filter plate 6.
  • the plate 7, the one side of the flashing plate 7 is fixed on the cover body 3, and the other side is inclined downwardly inwardly, so that the rainwater or the melted snow water left along the cover body 3 can be directed to the ground to prevent the inside of the ventilating opening. There is water to enter.
  • the device of the embodiment can automatically control the opening and closing of the outer door body 1 and the inner door body 2 according to the fluctuation characteristics of the pressure wave, that is, when there is no pressure wave on the outer side of the core body 8, the outer door body 1 and the inner door body 2 Both are opened, and when a pressure wave exists on the outer side of the core 8, the outer door body 1 and/or the inner door body 2 are automatically sealed and closed under the pressure difference between the inner and outer sides of the core 8.
  • the specific control principles are as follows:
  • the pressure inside the vehicle is in a slightly positive pressure state (generally 30 Pa to 50 Pa), and the air pressure inside the core body 8 is in a micro positive pressure state, at this time, the inner door body 2
  • the outer door body 1 is in an open state according to the amount of wind passing through the air door, and the opening state includes a door opening angle ⁇ and a door opening time.
  • the door opening angle ⁇ between the outer door body 1 and the bracket 82 can be determined, and the air volume according to the air inlet and outlet, and the weight of the inner door body 2 can be determined.
  • the door opening angle ⁇ between the inner door body 2 and the bracket 82 can be determined; similarly, the outer door body 1 and the bracket 82 can be determined according to the air volume entering and exiting the air door and the weight of the outer door body 1.
  • the door opening angle ⁇ is between.
  • the external door body 1 and the inner door body 2 respectively have specific requirements in the present embodiment: wherein the weight of the outer door body 1 is determined by the micro-positive pressure strength in the vehicle, and the micro-positive of the vehicle design requirements should be ensured.
  • the pressure can push open the outer door body 1 to make the device smoothly exhaust, and the outer door body 1 should have sufficient strength to ensure that the outer door body 1 does not deform under the action of the internal and external pressure difference of the vehicle body; the inner door body
  • the weight of 2 is determined according to the pressure wave, such as a pressure wave of 200 Pa/s, 415 Pa/s or 800 Pa/s.
  • the door opening angle ⁇ is determined by the waste air volume of the vehicle body, and the waste air volume of the vehicle body is passed through The air volume at the wind door of the exhaust damper.
  • the embodiment also provides a vehicle body including the waste damper automatic control device as described above.
  • the vehicle body with the above-mentioned device has good airtightness, and the pressure outside the vehicle fluctuates drastically and does not cause drastic fluctuations in the pressure inside the vehicle. Studies have shown that when the air pressure in the car changes too sharply, the passengers may have tinnitus, nausea, etc. Comfortable feeling, so in the car body design process, we must fully consider the rate of change of pressure inside the car, there are many definition values of pressure change rate, taking 200Pa / s as an example, meaning within 1s, the maximum and minimum pressure The difference between the values is 200Pa. .
  • a test example is provided below to explain in detail that the vehicle body to which the above-described device is mounted has excellent airtightness.
  • the train is a completely sealed vehicle body, and one car is simplified into a rectangular sealed box, and the mechanical waste discharge device is installed outside the sealed box, and the following three methods are comparatively analyzed by simulation method.
  • a pressure measuring point is arranged in the sealed box, and a pressure wave which changes with time is given in the outer field region (the pressure fluctuation is the pressure wave generated when the train passes through the tunnel).
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 The pressure change values of the pressure measuring points in the sealed box embodied in the respective test examples are shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 , and it can be seen that, as shown in FIG. 4 , neither the inner door body nor the outer door body 1 is provided ( That is, no damper structure is set), the pressure wave in the external field is transmitted into the sealed box through the damper door of the waste venting door, and the pressure wave in the sealed box is not much different from the fluctuation amplitude of the pressure wave in the external field, that is, the sealed box
  • passengers inside the car body will feel the same pressure change as the pressure wave, which is very unfavorable for passenger safety; as shown in Figure 5, when there is only the outer door body 1, when the pressure wave in the outer field area When the pressure is positive (ie, the pressure is greater than 0), the outer door body 1 is closed, and there is no pressure fluctuation in the sealed box.
  • the outer door body 1 When the pressure wave in the outer field region is negative pressure (ie, the pressure is less than 0), the outer door body 1 is opened, and the outer door region is opened. Negative pressure is introduced into the sealed box. As the absolute value of the negative pressure in the external field gradually decreases, the absolute value of the negative pressure in the sealed box is greater than the absolute value of the negative pressure in the external field. At this time, the outer door 1 is closed again, and the sealed box The internal negative pressure cannot be discharged, and the negative pressure state is maintained all the time, but the pressure value does not change, so When the sealed box is used as the vehicle body, the passenger inside the vehicle body will be under negative pressure, which is also unfavorable for passenger safety and ride comfort; as shown in Fig.
  • the above-mentioned waste damper automatic control device has excellent sealing performance, and thus the vehicle body to which the device is mounted has excellent airtightness. It should be noted that the better the sealing performance of the vehicle body, the better the sealing effect of the device. If the vehicle body is a completely sealed vehicle, that is, the sealing effect with the sealing box is the same, the sealing effect of the device is optimal.
  • the device of the embodiment and the vehicle body provided with the above device have the following beneficial effects:
  • the device can automatically control the opening and closing of the waste exhaust valve on the vehicle body through the pure mechanical structure according to the fluctuation characteristics of the pressure wave outside the vehicle, thereby reducing the influence of the pressure wave outside the vehicle on the pressure change inside the vehicle, and effectively Improve the airtight performance of the car body, and the greater the pressure wave, the better the airtight effect of the device;
  • the device adopts pure mechanical structure, and the automatic opening and closing of the outer door body 1 and the inner door body 2 can be realized without any automatic control device, and the design and manufacture are simple, easy to maintain, and the interface mode is flexible, and can be applied to different types.
  • the device uses the structure of the core 8 to set the waste exhaust door to a multi-duct structure with both sides ventilated at the same time, and under the premise of ensuring the airtightness of the vehicle body, the outer door body 1 in each air passage is When the inner door body 2 is simultaneously opened, the gas exchange between the vehicle body and the outside is smoother.
  • the device can meet the design requirements of different airtightness and exhaust air volume by changing the weight of the outer door body 1 and the inner door body 2, the door opening displacement and the door opening angle ⁇ ;
  • the device adopts a streamlined design.
  • the device can be integrated with the appearance of the vehicle body when installed on the waste exhaust door of the vehicle body, and meets the requirements for preventing rain leakage.
  • the aerodynamic drag of the exhaust damper is reduced to some extent, and the higher the running speed of the train, the more obvious the drag reduction effect.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)

Abstract

一种废排风门自动控制装置，包括芯体（8）、内门体（2）和外门体（1），芯体固定在废排风门的风门口上，外门体的顶部活动铰接在芯体的外侧，内门体的底部活动铰接在芯体的内侧；芯体的外侧不存在压力波时，外门体和内门体均开启，芯体的外侧存在压力波时，在芯体的内外两侧的压力差作用下，外门体和/或内门体自动密封闭合。还包括一种具有该装置的车体，该装置能够根据车外压力波的波动特性，通过纯机械结构即可实现自动控制车体上的废排风门的启闭，从而减弱车外压力波对车内压力变化的影响，有效改善车体的气密性能。

Description

一种废排风门自动控制装置及具有该装置的车体
交叉引用
本申请引用于2017年08月22日提交的专利名称为“一种废排风门自动控制装置及具有该装置的车体”的第2017107258605号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及轨道车辆设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种废排风门自动控制装置及具有该装置的车体。
背景技术
轨道车辆在运行过程中，城轨和地铁车辆需要不断的通过隧道、站台、高架桥、通风竖井等复杂的路况和结构。随着城轨和地铁车辆运行速度的提高，空气动力学效应逐渐突出，车厢外部的压力波动逐渐显著，如果车辆不进行气密设计，乘坐舒适性能将显著下降，而车厢内部的压力波动也将无法满足设计要求。
为了改善车辆的气密性能，需要对车辆关键部件进行气密设计。而现有的城轨和地铁车辆的废排装置均没有进行气密设计，动车组的废排结构虽然进行了良好的气密设计，但结构复杂，难以直接应用于城轨和地铁车辆。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明提供了一种废排风门自动控制装置及具有该装置的车体，该装置能够根据车外压力波的波动特性，通过纯机械结构即可实现自动控制车体上的废排风门的启闭，从而减弱车外压力波对车内压力变化的影响，有效改善车体的气密性能。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种废排风门自动控制装置， 包括芯体、内门体和外门体，所述芯体固定在废排风门的风门口上，所述外门体的顶部活动铰接在所述芯体的外侧，所述内门体的底部活动铰接在所述芯体的内侧；所述芯体的外侧不存在压力波时，所述外门体和所述内门体均开启，所述芯体的外侧存在压力波时，在所述芯体的内外两侧的压力差作用下，所述外门体和/或内门体自动密封闭合。
优选的，所述芯体的外侧存在压力波时，
所述芯体的外侧气压大于内侧气压，则所述外门体闭合；
所述芯体的外侧气压小于内侧气压，则所述内门体闭合；
所述芯体的外侧气压等于内侧气压，则所述外门体和所述内门体均闭合。
优选的，所述芯体的外侧不存在压力波时，所述芯体内侧的气压处于微正压状态。
优选的，所述微正压状态为30Pa～50Pa。
优选的，所述芯体包括芯板和支架，所述芯板连通在所述废排风门的风门口上，所述芯板上分别相对的立有两个支架，各个所述支架的外侧均与一个所述外门体的顶部活动铰接，各个所述支架的内侧均与一个所述内门体的底部活动铰接，所述外门体和/或所述内门体闭合时，所述外门体和/或所述内门体分别与所述支架之间密封连接。
优选的，所述外门体开启时，根据进出所述风门口的风量、以及所述外门体的重量，确定所述外门体与支架之间的门体开启角度。
优选的，所述内门体开启时，根据进出所述风门口的风量、以及所述内门体的重量，确定所述内门体与支架之间的门体开启角度。
优选的，所述支架的内外两侧分别设有密封垫。
优选的，还包括盖体，所述盖体与芯体之间形成风道，所述风道的两端分别设有通风口。
优选的，所述盖体为弧线形，以使两个所述通风口朝下设置。
优选的，所述通风口上固定有过滤板。
优选的，所述过滤板的外侧固定有隔雨板。
优选的，所述盖体与芯体之间通过支撑杆连接。
本发明还提供了一种车体，包括如上所述的废排风门自动控制装置。
(三)有益效果
本发明的上述技术方案具有以下有益效果：
1、该装置能够根据车外压力波的波动特性，通过纯机械结构即可实现自动控制车体上的废排风门的启闭，从而减弱车外压力波对车内压力变化的影响，有效改善车体的气密性能，且压力波越大，该装置的气密效果越好；
2、该装置完全采用纯机械结构，无需借助任何自动控制设备即可实现外门体和内门体的自动开闭，设计和制造简单，易于维护，接口方式灵活，能够应用于不同类型的城轨和地铁车辆；
3、该装置利用芯体的结构将废排风门设置为两侧同时通风的多风道结构，在确保车体气密性的前提下，使得当每个风道内的外门体和内门体同时打开时，车体与外部的气体交换更加顺畅。
4、该装置通过改变外门体和内门体的自身重量、门体开启位移和门体开启角度，能够满足不同的气密和排风量的设计要求；
5、该装置采用了流线化设计，通过设计弧形盖体，使得该装置安装在车体的废排风门上时，能够与车体外观融为一体，且在满足防漏雨要求的前提下，一定程度上降低了废排风门的气动阻力，且列车运行速度越高，减阻效果越明显。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的废排风门自动控制装置的剖视图；
图2为本发明实施例的废排风门自动控制装置去掉盖体后的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例的框架的结构示意图；
图4～图6为本发明实施例的废排风门自动控制装置与试验对比例的装置在车体气密性试验中压力测点的压力变化值对比图。
其中，1、外门体；2、内门体；3、盖体；4、芯板；5、支撑杆；6、过滤板；7、隔雨板；8、芯体；81、芯板；82、支架；α、门体开启角度。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下 实施例用于说明本发明，但不能用来限制本发明的范围。
在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”、“前端”、“后端”、“头部”、“尾部”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
如图1所示，本实施例提供的废排风门自动控制装置为纯机械结构，该装置能够根据车外压力波的波动特性，通过纯机械结构即可实现自动控制车体上的废排风门的启闭，从而减弱车外压力波对车内压力变化的影响，有效改善车体的气密性能，其主要目的是为了防止车外压力的剧烈波动引起车内压力的剧烈波动，气密设计良好的车体，车外压力剧烈波动并不会引起车内压力的剧烈波动。
具体的，如图2所示，该装置包括芯体8、内门体2和外门体1，芯体8固定在废排风门上，外门体1的顶部活动铰接在芯体8的外侧，内门体2的底部活动铰接在芯体8的内侧，优选的，通过合页机构将外门体1和内门体2分别铰接在芯体8的内外两侧，从而使得外门体1能够以其顶部为轴掀起，而内门体2能够以其底部为轴掀开。
如图3所示，本实施例的芯体8为主要支撑结构，其内部中空设置，底部设有开口，开口安装在废排风门的风门口上，以使气体能够通过芯体8底部的开口进出废排风门的风门口。优选芯体8包括芯板814和支架82，设置于芯板814上的开口连通在废排风门的风门口上，芯板814上分别相对的立有两个支架82，各个支架82的外侧均与一个外门体1的顶部活动铰接，各个支架82的内侧均与一个内门体2的底部活动铰接，从而使得两个支架82成为气体进出废排风门的两个风道口。
优选的，将两个支架82均向内倾斜的立在芯板814的两侧，从而使得芯体8整体成梯形结构，当每个支架82上的内门体2和外门体1均开启时，气体能够顺畅的从两个风道口进出，更加有利于车体内外的气体交换。当外门体1和/或内门体2闭合时，外门体1或内门体2分别与支架82之间密封连接，从而确保风道口的气密性良好；外门体1开启时，根据 通风口的风量、以及外门体1的重量，确定外门体1与支架82之间的门体开启角度α；当内门体2开启时，根据通风口的风量、以及内门体2的重量，确定内门体2与支架82之间的门体开启角度α。
为了确保外门体1和内门体2闭合时，装置的气密性良好，优选支架82的内外两侧分别设有密封垫。进一步优选在风道口的边缘设置嵌入凹槽，在嵌入凹槽内安装有密封垫，这样当外门体1闭合在风道口外时，可以嵌入在风道口外侧的密封垫上，保证外门体1与支架82的风道口之间的密封；同理的，在风道口的内侧同样可以设置嵌入凹槽，以使内门体2闭合在风道口内侧时，可以嵌入在风道口内侧的密封垫上，保证内门体2与支架82的风道口之间的密封。
为了进一步确保气体交换的顺畅，优选的，在支架82上分别并排设有多个风道口，每一风道口的内外两侧分别活动铰接有外门体1和内门体2，外门体1和内门体2的数量均与支架82上的风道口的数量相同，且尺寸均大于风道口的尺寸，外门体1和内门体2的尺寸可以相同，也可以不同；为了保证结构可靠性，优选风道口的边缘均加厚处理。
本实施例的装置还包括盖体3，以避免雨雪直接覆盖在芯体8上，影响气体流通，在盖体3与芯体8之间形成风道，风道的两端分别设有通风口；优选的，盖体3与芯体8之间通过支撑杆5连接，以增加装置的结构稳固性，为盖体3提供可靠支撑。
优选的，盖体3设置为弧线形，以使两个通风口朝下设置，通过流线化设计，使得该装置安装在车体的废排风门上时，能够与车体外观融为一体，且在满足防漏雨要求的前提下，一定程度上降低了废排风门的气动阻力，且列车运行速度越高，减阻效果越明显。
为了防止外部杂物通过通风口进入芯体8内，优选在每个通风口上均固定有过滤板6，过滤板6的筛目数可以根据实际需要设置，在过滤板6的外侧固定有隔雨板7，隔雨板7的一侧固定在盖体3上，另一侧向内向下倾斜的伸出，可以将顺着盖体3留下的雨水或融化的雪水引向地面，防止通风口内有水进入。
本实施例的装置能够根据压力波的波动特性，自动控制外门体1和内门体2的启闭，即当芯体8的外侧不存在压力波时，外门体1和内门体2 均开启，而当芯体8的外侧有压力波存在时，在芯体8的内外两侧的压力差作用下，外门体1和/或内门体2自动密封闭合。具体的控制原理如下：
(1)在车体外没有压力波干扰的运行条件下，车内压力处于微正压状态(一般为30Pa～50Pa)，则芯体8内侧的气压处于微正压状态，此时内门体2在重力作用下处于开启状态，而外门体1则根据通过风门口的风量大小处于不同程度的开口状态，其中，开口状态包括门体开启角度α和门体开启时间等。
换言之，根据通风口的风量、以及外门体1的重量，就能确定外门体1与支架82之间的门体开启角度α，而根据进出风门口的风量、以及内门体2的重量，就能确定内门体2与支架82之间的门体开启角度α；同理的，根据进出风门口的风量、以及外门体1的重量，就能确定外门体1与支架82之间的门体开启角度α。
(2)当车辆内部和外部出现瞬间的压力差时，即车体外部出现压力波干扰时，如果外部压力大于内部压力，则外门体1由于芯体8的内外两侧存在压力差而瞬间闭合，而内门体2保持开启状态，此时废排风门的风门口由于外门体1的闭合，导致车外压力无法通过废排装置传入车体的内部，确保了车体气密性，同时避免车外的压力波干扰车体内部的压力状态。
(3)当车辆内部和外部出现瞬间的压力差时，如果内部压力大于外部压力，且芯体8内外两侧的压力差大于内门体2的自身重力，则内门体2瞬间闭合，此时废排风门的风门口由于内门体2的闭合，导致车外压力将无法通过该装置传入车体的内部，确保了车体气密性，同时避免车外的压力波干扰车体内部的压力状态。
(4)当车辆内部和外部出现瞬间的压力差时，如果内部压力等于外部压力，即芯体8内外两侧的同时受到足够的压力作用，且芯体8内侧的压力大于内门体2的自身重力，则外门体1和内门体2均瞬间闭合，此时废排风门的风门口由于外门体1和内门体2同时闭合，导致车外压力将无法通过该装置传入车体的内部，确保了车体气密性，同时避免车外的压力波干扰车体内部的压力状态。
依据上述的控制原理，本实施例对外门体1和内门体2分别进行具体的要求：其中，外门体1的重量由车内的微正压强度决定，应确保车辆设 计要求的微正压能够推开外门体1，使本装置顺利排风，且外门体1应有足够的强度，确保在车体的内外压差的作用下，外门体1不发生变形；内门体2的重量根据压力波决定，如压力波为200Pa/s、415Pa/s或800Pa/s。在运行过程中，如果压力波动处于设计要求的范围内，则内门体2为开启时，其门体开启角度α由车体的废排风量决定，车体的废排风量为通过一个废排风门的风门口的风量。
本实施例还提供了一种车体，其包括如上所述的废排风门自动控制装置。安装有上述装置的车体具有良好的气密性，车外压力剧烈波动并不会引起车内压力的剧烈波动，研究表明，当车内气压变化过于剧烈，会导致乘客出现耳鸣、恶心等不舒适的感觉，故而在车体设计过程中，需充分考虑车内压力变化率，压力变化率的定义值有很多，以200Pa/s为例，意思是在1s之内，压力的最大值与最小值之差为200Pa。。
以下提供一个试验例详细说明安装有上述的装置的车体具有优异的气密性。
为验证上述实施例的有效性，假设列车是完全密封的车体，将一节车厢简化为一个长方形的密封箱，将机械式废排装置安装在密封箱外部，利用仿真方法对比分析以下三种试验例：既不设置内门体2也不设置外门体1、仅有外门体1、以及同时具有内门体2和外门体1。其中，在密封箱内设置一个压力测点，在外场区域给定一个随时间变化的压力波(该压力波动即为列车通过隧道时产生的压力波)。
各个试验例体现的密封箱内压力测点的压力变化值如图4～图6所示，可以看出：在图4所示，既不设置内门体2也不设置外门体1时(即无风门结构设置)，外场区域的压力波通过废排风门的风门口传入密封箱内，密封箱内的压力波与外场区域的压力波的波动幅值差别不大，即以密封箱为车体，则车体内部的乘客将会感受到与压力波完全相同的压力变化，非常不利于乘客的安全；如图5所示，仅有外门体1时，当外场区域的压力波为正压(即压力大于0)时，外门体1闭合，密封箱内无压力波动，当外场区域的压力波为负压(即压力小于0)时，外门体1开启，外场区域的负压传入密封箱内，随着外场区域负压的绝对值逐渐减小，密封箱内负压的绝对值大于外场区域负压的绝对值，此时，外门体1再次闭合，密封 箱内负压无法排出，一直保持负压状态，但压力值不变，故而当以密封箱为车体，则车体内部的乘客将会处于负压状态下，同样不利于乘客安全和乘坐舒适度；如图6所示，当同时具有内门体2和外门体1时，当外场区域的压力波动为正压时，外门体1闭合，密封箱内无压力波动，当外场区域的压力波动为负压时，内门体2闭合，密封箱内仍然没有压力波动，即通过内、外门体1的依次闭合，外场区域的压力波动无法传入密封箱内，因此当以密封箱为车体，则车体内部的乘客处于接近恒压状态，具有良好的乘坐舒适感和安全性。
根据以上的实验对比可以验证出上述的废排风门自动控制装置具有非常优秀的密封性能，进而使得安装有该装置的车体具有了非常优秀的气密性。需要说明的是，车体密封性能越好，该装置的密封效果将会越好，如果车体是完全密封的车辆，即与密封箱的密封效果一致，则该装置的密封效果最佳。
综上所述，本实施例的装置及设置有上述装置的车体具有以下有益效果：
1、该装置能够根据车外压力波的波动特性，通过纯机械结构即可实现自动控制车体上的废排风门的启闭，从而减弱车外压力波对车内压力变化的影响，有效改善车体的气密性能，且压力波越大，该装置的气密效果越好；
2、该装置完全采用纯机械结构，无需借助任何自动控制设备即可实现外门体1和内门体2的自动开闭，设计和制造简单，易于维护，接口方式灵活，能够应用于不同类型的城轨和地铁车辆；
3、该装置利用芯体8的结构将废排风门设置为两侧同时通风的多风道结构，在确保车体气密性的前提下，使得当每个风道内的外门体1和内门体2同时打开时，车体与外部的气体交换更加顺畅。
4、该装置通过改变外门体1和内门体2的自身重量、门体开启位移和门体开启角度α，能够满足不同的气密和排风量的设计要求；
5、该装置采用了流线化设计，通过设计弧形盖体3，使得该装置安装在车体的废排风门上时，能够与车体外观融为一体，且在满足防漏雨要求的前提下，一定程度上降低了废排风门的气动阻力，且列车运行速度越高， 减阻效果越明显。
本发明的实施例是为了示例和描述起见而给出的，而并不是无遗漏的或者将本发明限于所公开的形式。很多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。选择和描述实施例是为了更好说明本发明的原理和实际应用，并且使本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本发明从而设计适于特定用途的带有各种修改的各种实施例。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，包括芯体、内门体和外门体，所述芯体固定在废排风门的风门口上，所述外门体的顶部活动铰接在所述芯体的外侧，所述内门体的底部活动铰接在所述芯体的内侧；所述芯体的外侧不存在压力波时，所述外门体和所述内门体均开启，所述芯体的外侧存在压力波时，在所述芯体的内外两侧的压力差作用下，所述外门体和/或内门体自动密封闭合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，所述芯体的外侧存在压力波时，
    所述芯体的外侧气压大于内侧气压，则所述外门体闭合；
    所述芯体的外侧气压小于内侧气压，则所述内门体闭合；
    所述芯体的外侧气压等于内侧气压，则所述外门体和所述内门体均闭合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，所述芯体的外侧不存在压力波时，所述芯体内侧的气压处于微正压状态。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，所述微正压状态为30Pa～50Pa。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，所述芯体包括芯板和支架，所述芯板连通在所述废排风门的风门口上，所述芯板上分别相对的立有两个支架，各个所述支架的外侧均与一个所述外门体的顶部活动铰接，各个所述支架的内侧均与一个所述内门体的底部活动铰接，所述外门体和/或所述内门体闭合时，所述外门体和/或所述内门体分别与所述支架之间密封连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，所述外门体开启时，根据进出所述风门口的风量、以及所述外门体的重量，确定所述外门体与支架之间的门体开启角度。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，所述内门体开启时，根据进出所述风门口的风量、以及所述内门体的重量，确定所述内门体与支架之间的门体开启角度。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，所 述支架的内外两侧分别设有密封垫。
  9. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，还包括盖体，所述盖体与芯体之间形成风道，所述风道的两端分别设有通风口。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，所述盖体为弧线形，以使两个所述通风口朝下设置。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，所述通风口上固定有过滤板。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，所述过滤板的外侧固定有隔雨板。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的废排风门自动控制装置，其特征在于，所述盖体与芯体之间通过支撑杆连接。
  14. 一种车体，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-13任一项所述的废排风门自动控制装置。
PCT/CN2018/085649 2017-08-22 2018-05-04 一种废排风门自动控制装置及具有该装置的车体 WO2019037467A1 (zh)

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