WO2019006993A1 - 一种全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019006993A1
WO2019006993A1 PCT/CN2017/116479 CN2017116479W WO2019006993A1 WO 2019006993 A1 WO2019006993 A1 WO 2019006993A1 CN 2017116479 W CN2017116479 W CN 2017116479W WO 2019006993 A1 WO2019006993 A1 WO 2019006993A1
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perfluoro
methyl
pentene
isopropyl ketone
mixture
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French (fr)
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蔡星伟
沙敏
潘仁明
姜标
赵玉媛
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
Marine Equipment and Technology Institute Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
Marine Equipment and Technology Institute Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/56Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds
    • C07C45/57Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only heteroatom
    • C07C45/58Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only heteroatom in three-membered rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/35Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or of halogen atoms in the reaction
    • C07C17/358Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or of halogen atoms in the reaction by isomerisation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D301/00Preparation of oxiranes
    • C07D301/02Synthesis of the oxirane ring
    • C07D301/03Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D303/00Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D303/02Compounds containing oxirane rings
    • C07D303/08Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by halogen atoms, nitro radicals or nitroso radicals

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of preparation methods of perfluoroketone compounds in organic fluorine chemistry, and in particular relates to a preparation method of perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone.
  • Perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone also known as dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one, abbreviated as fluorenated ketone, has the formula CF 3 CF 2 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 , The CAS number is 756-13-8.
  • perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone has low fire extinguishing concentration, high fire extinguishing efficiency, good environmental performance, low toxicity, good safety, little impact on related equipment and materials, no residue, easy storage and transportation. And a wide range of advantages, such as a wide range of applications.
  • perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone can also be used as a protective gas, a cleaning agent and a solvent for smelting magnesium, or as a flame retardant added to various flammable working liquids to reduce or eliminate Its flammability.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,478,979, B1 describes a process for the preparation of perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone. Under anhydrous conditions, the aprotic polar solvent diglyme is used as the reaction medium, the active potassium fluoride is used as a catalyst, and hexafluoropropylene is added to the perfluoropropionyl fluoride to obtain a perfluoroethyl isopropyl group. ketone. The reaction temperature was 70 ° C and the pressure was 1 MPa. The obtained crude product contained 90.6% of perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone and 0.37% of hexafluoropropylene dimer.
  • the yield of the reaction to hexafluoropropylene was 98.8%, and the yield to perfluoropropionyl fluoride was 79.28%.
  • a small amount of impurities such as trimer can be removed from perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone by water washing, distillation and drying to obtain a perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone containing hexafluoropropylene dimer 0.4% and having a purity of 99%.
  • the yield and selectivity of the reaction route are high, but the preparation of the raw material perfluoropropionyl fluoride is difficult, the reaction yield is low, and the cost is high, and the industrialization of the product has not been realized in China.
  • the technical route is ideal, and both raw materials and oxidants are easily obtained, but the target product has poor selectivity and many side reactions.
  • the crude product contained only 34.6% of perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone, 42.6% of perfluoroethyl-n-hexanone and 8% of perfluoroethyl-n-decyl ketone, trimer and tetramerization of by-products.
  • the body has more oxides. Zapevalov et al. (Izv. Akad.
  • the reaction is characterized by high yield of the hexafluoropropylene dimer which is easily obtained, but the reaction activity is different due to different epoxide catalytic rearrangement, and it needs to be oxidized, separated, separately rearranged and refined. In order to get the target product, the process is too complicated.
  • the patent CN 102992986 B discloses a process for preparing perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone.
  • the specific process is a hexafluoropropylene dimer mixture, perfluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene or perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene as a raw material, olefin epoxidation, epoxide structure
  • the reaction process such as rearrangement prepares perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone.
  • the aprotic polar solvent, catalyst and phase transfer catalyst are used in the preparation process to achieve high selectivity and high conversion rate of each step reaction.
  • the preparation technology provided by the invention has the characteristics of easy availability of raw materials, low cost, mild reaction conditions, safe and simple operation, high reaction selectivity and high conversion rate, small environmental impact, and the like, and is suitable for industrial application; however, the preparation method of the invention has certain Disadvantages: it is prepared by peroxidation and isomerization of perfluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene or perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene.
  • Ketone technology inevitably requires the use of a large amount of toxic solvents such as acetonitrile and a highly corrosive and irritating oxidizing agent sodium hypochlorite solution, resulting in a large amount of sewage and toxic solvents after reprocessing, and there are serious post-treatment and serious environmental pollution. point.
  • toxic solvents such as acetonitrile and a highly corrosive and irritating oxidizing agent sodium hypochlorite solution
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation method of perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone to solve the above technical problems.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a method for preparing perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone, which is innovative in that the preparation method comprises the following steps: using perfluoro-4-methyl-2 a mixture of pentene or perfluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene and perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene, starting with perfluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene via an olefin The isomerization reaction is converted to perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene, and then perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene is epoxidized to perfluoro-2-methyl-2,3-cyclo Oxypentane, finally catalyzed rearrangement of perfluoro-2-methyl-2,3-epoxypentane to perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone; including the following steps:
  • perfluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene or a mixture of perfluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene and perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene is subjected to catalytic isomerization reaction in a solventless or aprotic polar solvent at 20 to 150 ° C for 4 to 30 hours, and the reaction is converted into perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene;
  • the catalytic isomerization reaction is synergistically catalyzed by a main catalyst, a cocatalyst and a catalyst promoter, and the mass ratio of the main catalyst, the cocatalyst, the catalyst promoter and the aprotic polar solvent is 1:0.1-5:0.5-5: 10 ⁇ 50;
  • the molar ratio of the main catalyst to the raw material is 0.01-0.2;
  • the main catalyst is tetra(N,N-dialkylamino)ethylene, cyanide salt
  • a metal fluoride an alkaline earth metal fluoride, an aluminum fluorochloride, a Lewis acid or a mixture thereof, wherein the cocatalyst is an organic base selected from the group consisting of a crown ether, a polyethylene glycol, a quaternary ammonium salt or a mixture thereof. ;
  • the molar ratio of the oxidizing agent to perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene is 1 to 5; the volume ratio of the solvent to perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene is 0.2 to 5; at -20 to 60 ° C , the reaction is 0.1 to 8 h, and the perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene is quantitatively converted into perfluoro-2-methyl-2,3-epoxypentane; wherein the oxidizing agent is a tertiary amine oxynitride , N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine or a mixture thereof, the solvent being an aprotic polar solvent;
  • the volume ratio of the solvent to perfluoro-2-methyl-2,3-epoxypentane is 0.1-10, and the molar ratio of the catalyst to perfluoro-2-methyl-2,3-epoxypentane is 0.01 ⁇ .
  • the molar ratio of the catalyst to the phase transfer catalyst is 0.05 to 0.15
  • the reaction temperature is 10 to 250 ° C
  • the reaction time is 0.5 to 12 h
  • the perfluoro-2-methyl-2,3-epoxypentane is converted into the whole Fluoroethyl isopropyl ketone
  • the solvent is an aprotic polar solvent
  • the catalyst is an organic base or a Lewis acid
  • the phase transfer catalyst is a crown ether, a polyethylene glycol, a quaternary ammonium salt or a season Barium salts or mixtures thereof.
  • reaction temperature in the step (1) is from 20 to 150 ° C, but the preferred temperature is from 50 to 100 ° C;
  • the reaction can be carried out under normal pressure, or in the system. It is carried out under pressure or under suitable pressure, but preferably at 0.2 to 1.0 MPa; step (1) can be carried out in an aprotic polar solvent, but it is preferred to use no solvent, but it is necessary to slightly increase the reaction. Temperature and pressure.
  • phase transfer catalyst may be further added, the molar ratio of the phase transfer catalyst to perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene is 0.01 to 0.5, and phase transfer
  • the catalyst is a crown ether, polyethylene glycol, quaternary phosphonium salt or a mixture thereof.
  • the tetrakis(N,N-dialkylamino)ethylene in the step (1) is tetrakis(N,N-dimethylamino)ethene or tetrakis(N,N-diethylamino)ethene, cyanide salt It is potassium cyanide, the cyanate is potassium cyanate, the thiocyanate is potassium thiocyanate, the alkali metal fluoride is cesium fluoride, and the alkaline earth metal fluoride is magnesium fluoride; thiocyanate is preferred.
  • Potassium or tetrakis(diethylamino)ethylene is the catalyst of this step, especially the use of tetrakis(diethylamino)ethylene can be carried out in the absence of solvent, so that the conversion of the raw material can reach 99%.
  • the tertiary amine nitrogen oxide in the step (2) is an aliphatic linear or branched tertiary amine nitrogen oxide, a morpholine nitrogen oxide, a pyridyl nitrogen oxide, a piperidine nitrogen oxide, an aniline nitrogen.
  • an aliphatic linear alkyl tertiary amine oxynitride such as (CH 3 CH 2 ) 3 NO; N, N-di in the step (2) is preferably used.
  • the alkyl group in the alkylhydroxylamine is a C1-C4 linear alkane, preferably (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 NOH.
  • the organic base is trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, piperidine, N-methylpyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, N-A Hexacyclohexane, N-methylmorpholine, N-benzylmorpholine or a mixture thereof; preferably triethylamine or N,N-dimethylbenzylamine.
  • the crown ether is 18-crown-6, 15-crown-5, dibenzo-18-crown-6 or a mixture thereof
  • the polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600 , polyethylene glycol 800, polyethylene glycol 1000, polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 6000 or a mixture thereof; preferably 18-crown-6 or polyethylene glycol 4000.
  • the aprotic polar solvent is acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylacetamide, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol Two Methyl ether or a mixture thereof; preferably ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt is dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, trioctylmethyl chloride Ammonium, tetrabutylammonium halide, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate or a mixture thereof; tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate is preferred.
  • the quaternary phosphonium salt is methyltriphenylphosphine chloride, tetrabutylphosphonium bromide or a mixture thereof.
  • the Lewis acid is any one of antimony pentafluoride or aluminum chlorofluoride.
  • a method for producing perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone according to the present invention wherein the first step of catalytic isomerization can be carried out in the absence of a solvent to achieve high yield conversion of perfluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene to Perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene; the second step uses a tertiary amine oxynitride or N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine as an epoxidation reagent to achieve perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentyl Quantitative conversion of olefins to perfluoro-2-methyl-2,3-epoxypentane avoids the problems of severe corrosion of equipment using sodium hypochlorite solution in the prior art, and the use of harsh conditions; the last step of catalytic rearrangement requires only catalyst The amount of organic amine or Lewis acid can make the yield of perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone more than 95%;

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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  • Epoxy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,以全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯或者全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯和全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的混合物为原料,先将全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯经过异构化反应转化为全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,再将全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯环氧化为全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,再将全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷催化重排为全氟乙基异丙基酮。本发明的优点在于:本发明催化异构化反应可在无溶剂下进行,避免现有工艺大量使用有毒溶剂,回收再利用困难等问题;采用叔胺氮氧化物或N,N-二烷基羟胺为环氧化试剂,实现了全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯在温和条件下定量的转化为全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,避免了现有工艺大量使用次氯酸钠溶液,严重腐蚀设备,后处理产生大量盐水难回收,使用条件苛刻等问题。

Description

一种全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于有机氟化学中全氟酮类化合物的制备方法技术领域,特别涉及一种全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法。
背景技术
全氟乙基异丙基酮又称为十二氟-2-甲基戊烷-3-酮,简称为氟化己酮,分子式为CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2,CAS编号为756-13-8。全氟乙基异丙基酮作为灭火剂使用时,具有灭火浓度小、灭火效率高、环保性能好、毒性低、安全性好、对相关设备和材料的影响小、无残留、便于储存和运输以及适用范围广等一系列优点。在保证高灭火效率的同时,解决了以往氟代烷类哈龙替代品在环保方面的难题,是一种真正的长效哈龙替代产品,已经用于重要场所或部位的灭火系统中。随着生产成本的降低,其应用领域必将扩大,最终应用到普通工业和民用建筑的灭火系统中,具有广阔的发展前景。
除作为灭火剂外,全氟乙基异丙基酮还可作为熔炼镁时的保护气体、清洗剂和溶剂使用,也可作为阻燃液添加到各种易燃工作液体中来减小或消除其可燃性。
前苏联于20世纪70年代合成了全氟乙基异丙基酮,但未实现规模化生产。直到2001年,美国3M公司将其作为代替哈龙和氟代烷的灭火剂后,它的合成和应用研究才逐渐受到人们的 关注。
美国专利US6478979B1介绍了一种制备全氟乙基异丙基酮的方法。在无水条件下,以非质子极性溶剂二甘醇二甲醚为反应介质,活性氟化钾作催化剂,在全氟丙酰氟中加入六氟丙烯,制得全氟乙基异丙基酮。反应温度为70℃,压力1MPa。获得的粗产品含全氟乙基异丙基酮90.6%、六氟丙烯二聚体0.37%。反应对六氟丙烯的收率可达98.8%,对全氟丙酰氟的收率为79.28%。通过水洗、蒸馏和干燥可从全氟乙基异丙基酮中除去少量的三聚体等杂质,获得含六氟丙烯二聚体0.4%、纯度为99%的全氟乙基异丙基酮。该反应路线的收率和选择性较高,但原料全氟丙酰氟制备难度大,反应收率低,成本高,国内一直未实现该产品的工业化。
Vilenchik等(Zh.Khim,1978,23(2):236-237)报道了一种以六氟丙烯为原料制备全氟乙基异丙基酮的方法。在20~25℃下,先用氧气将六氟丙烯氧化为全氟环氧丙烷,后者在氟化铯的催化下与另一分子的六氟丙烯反应,制得全氟乙基异丙基酮。从分子利用率的角度来看该技术路线较为理想,原料和氧化剂均易获得,但目标产物的选择性较差、副反应多。粗产品中仅含全氟乙基异丙基酮34.6%,还有42.6%的全氟乙基正己基酮和8%的全氟乙基正壬基酮,副产物中三聚体和四聚体的氧化物较多。Zapevalov等(Izv.Akad.Nauk,1979,(12):2812)利用次氯酸钠溶液将全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯氧化为环氧化物,但该反应的定位选择性较差,同时 生成两种环氧化物。其中,一种环氧化物需在氟化铯的催化下重排为全氟乙基异丙基酮;另一种环氧化物的活性较高,在KF或三乙胺的作用下可重排为目标产物,收率在93%左右,反应条件较温和。该反应的特点是从易获取的六氟丙烯二聚体出发,反应收率较高,但由于不同环氧化物催化重排时反应活性不同,需经氧化、分离、分别重排、精制等阶段才能获得目标产物,流程过于复杂。
针对上述现象,专利CN 102992986 B公开了一种制备全氟乙基异丙基酮的方法。具体过程以六氟丙烯二聚体混合物、全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯或全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯为原料,经烯烃环氧化、环氧化物的结构重排等反应过程,制备全氟乙基异丙基酮。制备过程中使用了非质子极性溶剂、催化剂和相转移催化剂,实现了各步反应的高选择性和高转化率,反应混合物经简单分离后,即可获得高品质的中间体和全氟乙基异丙基酮产品。与此同时,建立了双键异构化和环氧化反应的“一锅法”技术。该发明所提供的制备技术具有原料易得、成本低廉,反应条件温和、操作安全、简单,反应选择性和转化率高,环境影响小等特点,适合工业化应用;但该发明制备方法存在一定的缺点:其是以全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯或全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯为原料经过环氧化及异构化等步骤制备全氟乙基异丙基酮技术,均不可避免地需大量使用乙腈等毒性溶剂以及强腐蚀性和刺激性的氧化试剂次氯酸钠溶液导致后处理产生大量污水和有毒溶剂,存在后处理复杂和环境污染严重等缺 点。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,以解决上述技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:一种全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其创新点在于:所述制备方法包括如下步骤:以全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯或者全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯和全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的混合物为原料,先将全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯经过烯烃异构化反应转化为全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,再将全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯环氧化为全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,最后将全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷催化重排为全氟乙基异丙基酮;包括如下步骤:
(1)全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯的异构化反应
以全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯或者全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯和全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的混合物为原料,将全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯在无溶剂或非质子极性溶剂中,在20~150℃下进行催化异构化反应4~30h,反应转化为全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯;其中,催化异构反应通过主催化剂、助催化剂和催化剂促进剂进行协同催化,且主催化剂、助催化剂、催化剂促进剂和非质子极性溶剂质量比为:1:0.1~5:0.5~5:10~50;主催化剂与原料的摩尔比为:0.01~0.2;所述主催化剂选用四(N,N-二烷基氨基)乙烯、氰化盐、氰酸盐、硫代氰酸盐、碱金属氟化物、碱土金属氟化物、氟氯化铝、路易斯酸或它们的混合物,所述助催化剂选用有机碱,所述催化剂促进剂选用冠醚、聚乙二醇、季铵盐或它们的混合物;
(2)全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的环氧化反应
氧化剂与全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的摩尔比为1~5;溶剂与全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的体积比为0.2~5;在-20~60℃,反应0.1~8h,使全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯定量转化为全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷;其中,所述氧化剂为叔胺氮氧化物、N,N-二烷基羟胺或它们的混合物,所述溶剂为非质子极性溶剂;
(3)全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷的重排反应
溶剂与全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷的体积比为0.1~10,催化剂与全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷的摩尔比为0.01~0.2,催化剂与相转移催化剂的摩尔比为0.05~0.15,反应温度为10~250℃,反应时间为0.5~12h,使全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷转化为全氟乙基异丙基酮;其中,所述溶剂为非质子极性溶剂,所述催化剂为有机碱或路易斯酸,所述的相转移催化剂为冠醚、聚乙二醇、季铵盐或者季鏻盐或它们的混合物。
本发明全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其中,步骤(1)反应温度在20~150℃,但优选的温度是50~100℃;反应可在常压下进行,也可以在体系自加压或者适当加压条件下进行,但最好在0.2~1.0MPa下进行;步骤(1)可在非质子极性溶剂中进行,但最好采用不使用溶剂,只是需要略提高反应的温度和压力。
进一步地,在步骤(2)环氧化反应时,还可加入相转移催化剂,所述相转移催化剂与全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的摩尔比为0.01~0.5,且相转移催化剂为冠醚、聚乙二醇、季鏻盐或它们的混合物。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中四(N,N-二烷基氨基)乙烯为四(N,N-二甲氨基)乙烯或四(N,N-二乙氨基)乙烯,氰化盐为氰化钾,氰酸盐为氰酸钾,硫代氰酸盐为硫代氰酸钾,碱金属氟化物为氟化铯,碱土金属氟化物为氟化镁;最好选用硫代氰酸钾或者四(二乙氨基)乙烯为本步骤的催化剂,尤其是选用四(二乙氨基)乙烯可以使本反应在无溶剂条件下进行,即可使原料的转化率达到99%。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中叔胺氮氧化物为脂肪族直链或带支链的叔胺氮氧化物、吗啉氮氧化物、吡啶氮氧化物、哌啶氮氧化物、苯胺氮氧化物、苄胺氮氧化物或它们的混合物,最好选用脂肪族直链的烷基叔胺氮氧化物,如(CH3CH2)3NO;步骤(2)中的N,N-二烷基羟胺中的烷基选用C1~C4的直链烷烃,最好选用(CH3CH2CH2)2NOH。
进一步地,所述有机碱为三甲胺、三乙胺、三丁胺、哌啶、N-甲基吡啶、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺、N-甲基环己二胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-苄基吗啉或它们的混合物;最好选用三乙胺或者N,N-二甲基苄胺。
进一步地,所述冠醚为18-冠-6、15-冠-5、二苯并-18-冠-6或它们的混合物,聚乙二醇为聚乙二醇400、聚乙二醇600、聚乙二醇800、聚乙二醇1000、聚乙二醇4000、聚乙二醇6000或它们的混合物;最好选用18-冠-6或者聚乙二醇4000。
进一步地,所述非质子极性溶剂为乙腈、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、环丁砜、二甲基亚砜、乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二 甲醚或它们的混合物;最好选用而乙二醇二甲醚。
进一步地,所述季铵盐为十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵、三辛基甲基氯化铵、四丁基卤化铵、四丁基硫酸氢铵或它们的混合物;最好选用四丁基硫酸氢铵。
进一步地,所述季鏻盐为甲基三苯基氯化膦、四丁基溴化膦或它们的混合物。
进一步地,所述路易斯酸为五氟化锑或氟氯化铝中的任一种。
本发明的优点在于:
(1)本发明全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,第一步骤催化异构化反应可在无溶剂下进行,实现全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯高产率的转化为全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯;第二步骤采用叔胺氮氧化物或N,N-二烷基羟胺为环氧化试剂,实现了全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯定量的转化为全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,避免了现有工艺大量使用次氯酸钠溶液严重腐蚀设备,使用条件苛刻等问题;最后一步催化重排反应只需催化剂量的有机胺或者路易斯酸,即可使全氟乙基异丙基酮的收率达95%以上;
(2)本发明全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其中,第二步骤环氧反应时,可加入相转移催化剂,进而可以提高反应的效率,大大节省时间。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本专业的技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例1
将1g氰化钾、5gN-甲基吡啶、5g二苯并-18-冠-6和50g乙腈加入烧瓶中,再将300g全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯加入该反应体系中,在40℃下搅拌反应20h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯乙经转化为全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,反应的转化率为97.5%。
将0.3mol(CH3CH2CH2)2NOH、18.5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和0.05mol四丁基溴化膦加入三口烧瓶中,然后加入0.1mol上述全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,在40℃下并持续搅拌反应2h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯已定量的转化为全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷。
将30mL乙二醇二甲醚、0.2mol N,N-二甲基苄胺和0.1mol甲基三苯基氯化膦加入烧瓶中,然后加入上述制备的1mol全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,在20℃下持续搅拌反应2h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷已经定量转化为全氟乙基异丙基酮。
实施例2
将2g硫氰化钾、0.7g N,N-二甲基苄胺、2g聚乙二醇4000和30g二乙二醇二甲醚加入烧瓶中,再将300g全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯加入该反应体系中,在90℃,0.3MPa下搅拌反应6h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯乙经转化为全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,反应的转化率为99.7%。
将0.1mol(CH3CH2)2NOH、15mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺加入三口烧瓶中,然后加入上述0.1mol全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,在70℃下持续搅拌反应8h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯已转化为 全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,反应的转化率为98.9%。
将40mL乙二醇二甲醚、0.06mol三乙胺和0.05mol18-冠-6加入烧瓶中,然后加入上述制备的1mol全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,在20℃下持续搅拌反应5h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷已经定量转化为全氟乙基异丙基酮。
实施例3
将1g五氟化锑、3g N-甲基吡啶和1g18-冠-6加入烧瓶中,再将300g全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯加入该反应体系中,在120℃下搅拌反应25h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯乙经转化为全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,反应的转化率为98.1%。
将0.3mol(CH3)2NOH、40mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和0.03mol四丁基溴化膦加入三口烧瓶中,然后加入上述0.1mol上述全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,在20℃下持续搅拌反应8h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯已转化为全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷。
将8mL四乙二醇二甲醚、0.1mol三丁胺和0.08mol聚乙二醇4000加入烧瓶中,然后加入上述制备的1mol全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,在30℃下持续搅拌8h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷已经定量转化为全氟乙基异丙基酮。
实施例4
将10g四(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙烯、1g三甲胺、5g聚乙二醇4000和100g环丁砜加入烧瓶中,再将300g全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯加入该反应体系中,在40℃下搅拌反应5h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全 氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯乙经转化为全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,反应的转化率为99.6%。
将0.1mol(CH3CH2)3NO、8mL乙二醇二甲醚和0.01mol聚乙二醇600加入三口烧瓶中,然后加入上述0.1mol全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,在50℃下持续搅拌反应5h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯已转化为全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,反应的转化率为98.9%。
将50mL环丁砜、0.06molN-苄基吗啉和0.05mol甲基三苯基氯化膦加入烧瓶中,然后加入上述制备的1mol全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,在60℃下持续搅拌反应8h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷已经定量转化为全氟乙基异丙基酮。
实施例5
将1g氟化镁与氟化铝混合物、0.2gN-苄基吗啉、0.7g聚乙二醇1000和20g乙二醇二甲醚加入烧瓶中,再将300g全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯加入该反应体系中,在60℃下搅拌反应24h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯乙经转化为全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,反应的转化率为98.5%。
将0.1mol(CH3CH2CH2)3NO、18mL二乙二醇二甲醚和0.01mol18-冠-6加入三口烧瓶中,然后加入上述0.1mol全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,在0℃下持续搅拌反应8h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯已转化为全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,反应的转化率为98.9%。
将80mL二甲基亚砜、0.06molN-甲基环己胺和0.05mol15-冠-5 加入烧瓶中,然后加入上述制备的1mol全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,在70℃下持续搅拌反应12h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷已经定量转化为全氟乙基异丙基酮。
实施例6
将10g氟化铯、2gN,N-二甲基苯胺和5g15-冠-5加入烧瓶中,再将300g全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯加入该反应体系中,在50℃下搅拌反应29h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯乙经转化为全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,反应的转化率为99.8%。
将0.1mol(CH3CH2CH2CH2)3NO、13mL四乙二醇二甲醚和0.01mol甲基三苯基氯化膦加入三口烧瓶中,然后加入上述0.1mol全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,在-5℃下持续搅拌反应3h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯已转化为全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,反应的转化率为98.9%。
将60mL乙腈、0.06mol五氟化锑和0.05mol甲基三苯基氯化膦加入烧瓶中,然后加入上述制备的1mol全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,在110℃下搅拌反应12h。分离、纯化后,分析发现全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷已经定量转化为全氟乙基异丙基酮。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征以及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的 权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括如下步骤:以全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯或者全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯和全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的混合物为原料,先将全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯经过烯烃异构化反应转化为全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯,再将全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯环氧化为全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷,最后将全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷催化重排为全氟乙基异丙基酮;包括如下步骤:
    (1)全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯的异构化反应
    以全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯或者全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯和全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的混合物为原料,将全氟-4-甲基-2-戊烯在无溶剂或非质子极性溶剂中,在20~150℃下进行催化异构化反应4~30h,转化为全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯;其中,催化异构化反应通过主催化剂、助催化剂和催化剂促进剂进行协同催化,且主催化剂、助催化剂、催化剂促进剂和非质子极性溶剂质量比为:1:0.1~5:0.5~5:10~50;主催化剂与原料的摩尔比为:0.01~0.2;所述主催化剂选用四(N,N-二烷基氨基)乙烯、氰化盐、氰酸盐、硫代氰酸盐、碱金属氟化物、碱土金属氟化物、路易斯酸或它们的混合物,所述助催化剂选用有机碱,所述催化剂促进剂选用冠醚、聚乙二醇、季铵盐或它们的混合物;
    (2)全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的环氧化反应
    氧化剂与全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的摩尔比为1~5;溶剂与全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的体积比为0.2~5;在-20~60℃,反应0.1~8h,使全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯定量转化为全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷;其中,所述氧化剂为叔胺氮氧化物、N,N-二烷基羟胺或它们的混合物,所述溶剂为非质子极性溶剂;
    (3)全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷的重排反应
    溶剂与全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷的体积比为0.1~10,催化剂与全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷的摩尔比为0.01~0.2,催化剂与相转移催化剂的摩尔比为0.05~0.15,反应温度为10~250℃,反应时间为0.5~12h,使全氟-2-甲基-2,3-环氧戊烷转化为全氟乙基异丙基酮;其中,所述溶剂为非质子极性溶剂,所述催化剂为有机碱或路易斯酸,所述的相转移催化剂为冠醚、聚乙二醇、季铵盐或者季鏻盐或它们的混合物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)环氧化反应时,还可加入相转移催化剂,所述相转移催化剂与全氟-2-甲基-2-戊烯的摩尔比为0.01~0.5,且相转移催化剂为冠醚、聚乙二醇、季鏻盐或它们的混合物。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中四(N,N-二烷基氨基)乙烯为四(N,N-二甲氨基)乙烯或四(N,N-二乙氨基)乙烯,氰化盐为氰化钾,氰酸盐为氰酸钾,硫代氰酸盐为硫代氰酸钾,碱金属氟化物为氟化铯,碱土金属 氟化物为氟化镁。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中叔胺氮氧化物为脂肪族直链或带支链的叔胺氮氧化物、吗啉氮氧化物、吡啶氮氧化物、哌啶氮氧化物、苯胺氮氧化物、苄胺氮氧化物或它们的混合物,步骤(2)中的N,N-二烷基羟胺中的烷基选用C1~C4的直链烷烃。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其特征在于:所述有机碱为三甲胺、三乙胺、三丁胺、哌啶、N-甲基吡啶、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺、N-甲基环己二胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-苄基吗啉或它们的混合物。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其特征在于:所述冠醚为18-冠-6、15-冠-5、二苯并-18-冠-6或它们的混合物,聚乙二醇为聚乙二醇400、聚乙二醇600、聚乙二醇800、聚乙二醇1000、聚乙二醇4000、聚乙二醇6000或它们的混合物。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其特征在于:所述非质子极性溶剂为乙腈、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、环丁砜、二甲基亚砜、乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚或它们的混合物。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其特征在于:所述季铵盐为十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵、三辛基甲基氯化铵、四丁基卤化铵、四丁基硫酸氢铵或它们的混合物。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其特征在于:所述季鏻盐为甲基三苯基氯化膦、四丁基溴化膦或它们的混合物。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的全氟乙基异丙基酮的制备方法,其特征在于:所述路易斯酸为五氟化锑或氟氯化铝中的任一种。
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