WO2019000985A1 - 石墨烯复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

石墨烯复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019000985A1
WO2019000985A1 PCT/CN2018/077169 CN2018077169W WO2019000985A1 WO 2019000985 A1 WO2019000985 A1 WO 2019000985A1 CN 2018077169 W CN2018077169 W CN 2018077169W WO 2019000985 A1 WO2019000985 A1 WO 2019000985A1
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Prior art keywords
graphene
parts
graphene oxide
mass
pet
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PCT/CN2018/077169
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高超
陈琛
韩燚
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杭州高烯科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority claimed from CN201710494271.0A external-priority patent/CN107353605B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710495004.5A external-priority patent/CN107326474B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710497221.8A external-priority patent/CN107163519B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710495022.3A external-priority patent/CN107189076B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710494501.3A external-priority patent/CN107325268B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710495017.2A external-priority patent/CN107190382B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710494462.7A external-priority patent/CN107142547B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710718364.7A external-priority patent/CN107513151B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710718369.XA external-priority patent/CN107513162A/zh
Priority to BR112019027930-0A priority Critical patent/BR112019027930B1/pt
Priority to EP18822649.2A priority patent/EP3626758B1/en
Application filed by 杭州高烯科技有限公司 filed Critical 杭州高烯科技有限公司
Priority to KR1020207002385A priority patent/KR102284847B1/ko
Priority to US16/626,546 priority patent/US11149129B2/en
Priority to RU2020100048A priority patent/RU2746113C1/ru
Priority to JP2019571324A priority patent/JP6963040B2/ja
Publication of WO2019000985A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019000985A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/182Graphene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/12Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/16Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/18Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
    • C08G63/181Acids containing aromatic rings
    • C08G63/183Terephthalic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/78Preparation processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/78Preparation processes
    • C08G63/82Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
    • C08G63/85Germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, or compounds thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/02Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/08Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
    • C08G69/14Lactams
    • C08G69/16Preparatory processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G83/00Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G81/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/005Reinforced macromolecular compounds with nanosized materials, e.g. nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods or nanolayered materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18Manufacture of films or sheets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02Elements
    • C08K3/04Carbon
    • C08K3/042Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/16Solid spheres
    • C08K7/18Solid spheres inorganic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/02Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L77/02Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/07Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making fire- or flame-proof filaments
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/09Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making electroconductive or anti-static filaments
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10Other agents for modifying properties
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10Other agents for modifying properties
    • D01F1/106Radiation shielding agents, e.g. absorbing, reflecting agents
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/96Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from other synthetic polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/14Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/18Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from other substances
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/47Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B29K2067/003PET, i.e. poylethylene terephthalate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2367/00Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2367/02Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2377/00Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2377/02Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of composite materials, in particular to a graphene composite material and a preparation method thereof, and comprises a graphene/PET nano composite material, a graphene polyester composite fiber for a cord, a graphene/polyester composite fabric, a graphene/PET composite film, Graphene/PET composite sheet, graphene modified polyester blend fabric, graphene modified flame retardant anti-UV polyester fiber.
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate PET is a very important polymer material, which occupies a very large proportion in daily life, such as disposable water bottles, packaging materials, automotive plastics, etc. Polyester is commonly used, so PET is widely present in our lives. If the performance of PET can be further improved or given new performance, it will not only further broaden the application range of PET, but also bring more convenience to human society. In recent years, researchers have upgraded the performance of PET by regulating PET molecular structure, copolymerization, introduction of enhanced phase, synthesis of microscopic morphology such as islands, and control of crystallization behavior, and achieved remarkable results.
  • Polyester is an important variety in synthetic fibers. It is made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is made by spinning and post-treatment. Because of its chemical properties, high mechanical strength, light weight, good thermal stability, good hygienic performance, high transparency and easy processing, it is widely used in clothing, bedding, various decorative fabrics, special fabrics for national defense. Such as textiles and other industrial fiber products. Among them, PET industrial yarn is widely used in automobile tires due to its low cost and high strength. In order to further enhance the strength of PET industrial yarn, people use different means to improve.
  • Patent 201310043077.2 “Production method of melt direct spinning high modulus low shrinkage polyester industrial filament” adopts the methods of melt liquid phase thickening, melt direct spinning and two-stage drawing to obtain high modulus low shrinkage polyester filament. Used in fields such as cords. In addition to improving the spinning process, it is also possible to increase the strength of the filament by adding a reinforcing material to obtain better performance.
  • reinforcing materials are a method that can be produced on a rapid scale and cost-effective.
  • Conventional reinforcing materials include metallic materials (nanowires, nanoparticles), inorganic fillers (montmorillonite, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, boron nitride, etc.) and carbon. Materials (carbon black, graphite, etc.).
  • metallic materials nanowires, nanoparticles
  • inorganic fillers montmorillonite, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, boron nitride, etc.
  • Carbon black, graphite, etc. There are two major defects in conventional reinforcement materials. On the one hand, high addition is required to obtain satisfactory results, but high addition is accompanied by other performance degradation, and it is difficult to achieve overall improvement in performance.
  • the enhancement effect is often single. It is not possible to improve multiple performances at the same time. These problems have led to the low cost performance of conventional reinforcement materials and are unsatisfactory.
  • the filling reinforcement material must also take into account the influence of dispersion uniformity
  • Graphene is a two-dimensional material with atomic thickness, with high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and high barrier properties. Moreover, the addition of a small amount of graphene can simultaneously improve the properties of the material, and has an excellent cost performance, which has led to extensive research on composite materials. However, graphene is easily agglomerated and will re-form the graphite stack structure, which reduces its reinforcing effect. Although the dispersibility of graphene and the reduction of graphene stacking can be promoted by adding a dispersing agent and performing surface modification, these methods increase the cost of graphene and introduce new components.
  • Patent 201510514154.7 Preparation method of graphene oxide modified PET material
  • the addition of water affects the esterification and condensation, and on the other hand, the oxidation in the esterification stage.
  • Graphene is reduced, which may result in stacking and reduced performance.
  • Patent 201280033203.X polyethylene terephthalate-graphene nanocomposite adds graphene nanosheets to PET polymerization system, multi-layer graphene makes the addition amount higher (2-15%), and because there is no functional group In the presence of graphene, secondary stacking occurs during polymerization to form incompatible defect points.
  • Patent 201610111707.9 "PET-based graphene composite material, preparation method thereof and aerostat" firstly oxidize graphene oxide with ethylene glycol, and then esterify or transesterify with PET monomer, and finally polycondensate to obtain composite material, although
  • the modification method improves the compatibility of graphene and PET polymerization system, and causes covalent grafting of graphene and PET, but in the esterification process, graphene oxide will still inevitably stack, and the preparation process Complex, the overall production cost is high, not suitable for actual production.
  • Patent 201510688803.5 "Preparation method of a military anti-melting antistatic high-strength flame-retardant polyester” modified graphene oxide, dried and then blended with PET to granulate, and spun, although effective for the modification of graphene oxide The agglomeration is reduced, but the agglomeration of graphene in the modified powder after drying cannot be dissociated during the melt extrusion, which may cause clogging of the spinneret and breakage.
  • Patent 201610757032.5 "Graphene Polyester Monofilament” treats graphene with a silane coupling agent and then blends it with PET. The coupling agent can improve the interaction between graphene and PET, but it cannot change the state of graphene stacking, and the spinning effect is still not good.
  • the preparation of graphene-based polyester fiber at this stage has not been able to fundamentally solve the problem of stacking graphene, thus greatly limiting high-speed, continuous spinning.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a graphene composite material and a preparation method thereof according to the prior art, including a graphene/PET nano composite material, a graphene polyester composite fiber for a cord, a graphene/polyester composite fabric, and a graphene/ PET composite film, graphene/PET composite sheet, graphene modified polyester blend fabric, graphene modified flame retardant anti-UV polyester fiber.
  • a graphene/PET nanocomposite consisting of a single layer of graphene sheets and PET, the surface of which is connected to PET molecules by covalent bonds.
  • a method for preparing a graphene/PET nanocomposite is prepared by the following steps:
  • the atomization drying temperature of the step (1) is 130 to 200 °C.
  • the stirring speed in the step (3) is 140 to 200 rpm.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a titanium-based catalyst including an oxide of titanium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the present invention firstly obtains pleated spherical graphene oxide microspheres by using an atomization drying method, and the PET oligomerization of the pleated spherical graphene oxide after the esterification is completed by a reasonably selected carbon-oxygen ratio and graphene oxide size.
  • the material can be gradually unfolded and dissociated into flaky graphene oxide.
  • the hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups on the surface of the graphene oxide react with the PET molecules in the system, so that the PET molecules link to the graphene surface, and the two are improved.
  • the compatibility of the products also contributes to the improvement of mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and the like.
  • Adding graphene oxide after esterification avoids the influence on the esterification process in the first step, is more reasonable in the actual production process, has higher efficiency, lower cost, and avoids the occurrence of graphene oxide in the esterification stage.
  • Stacking forms agglomerates.
  • For the whole PET polymerization no substance was introduced except for pleated spheroidal graphene oxide.
  • the amount of terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, esterification catalyst and polycondensation catalyst were all in pure PET polymerization process, which minimized the introduction of graphene.
  • the influence of process and equipment has broad application prospects.
  • the resulting graphene/PET composite has excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity and can be used for the preparation of functionalized polyester fibers.
  • the invention relates to a graphene polyester composite fiber for a cord, which is obtained by drying, pre-crystallizing, solid phase polycondensation, cooling and high-speed melt spinning of a graphene/PET nano composite material.
  • the graphene/PET nanocomposite consists of a single layer of graphene sheet and PET, and the surface of the graphene sheet is connected to the PET molecule by a covalent bond.
  • the drying temperature is 170-180 ° C
  • the pre-crystallization temperature is 175-185 ° C
  • the solid phase polycondensation temperature is 210-220 ° C
  • the intrinsic viscosity after solid phase polycondensation is 0.9-1.2
  • the cooling temperature is 60-80 ° C
  • the spinning The wire temperature was 270 to 290 ° C
  • the winding speed was 3,000 to 5,000 m/min
  • the draft ratio was 1.5 to 4.
  • graphene/PET nanocomposite is prepared by the following steps:
  • the atomization drying temperature of the step (1) is 130 to 200 °C.
  • the stirring speed in the step (3) is 140 to 200 rpm.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a titanium-based catalyst including an oxide of titanium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the beneficial effects are as follows: (1) The pleated spherical graphene oxide microspheres added after the esterification is completed can be gradually unfolded and dissociated into a single layer of graphene oxide, and the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the graphene oxide are polymerized during PET polymerization.
  • the reaction of the PET molecules causes the PET molecules to branch to the graphene surface, which improves the compatibility of the two, and greatly reduces the addition amount of graphene while reducing the stack, so that the method of the invention has high cost performance.
  • the viscosity of the melt can be controlled within a suitable range.
  • the composite material can be continuously spun at a high speed, and the obtained fiber has high breaking strength and elongation at break, and the heat resistance of the fiber is improved.
  • a multifunctional graphene/polyester composite fabric which is obtained by mixing 100 parts by mass of graphene/PET nanocomposites and 0-10 parts of auxiliary agents, spinning, cooling, oiling, drawing , adding, weaving, dyeing, finishing.
  • the graphene/PET nanocomposite consists of a single layer of graphene sheet and PET, and the surface of the graphene sheet is connected to the PET molecule by a covalent bond.
  • graphene/PET nanocomposite is prepared by the following steps:
  • the atomization drying temperature of the step (1) is 130 to 200 °C.
  • the stirring speed in the step (3) is 140 to 200 rpm.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a titanium-based catalyst including an oxide of titanium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the auxiliary agent is composed of one or more of an antioxidant, an inorganic filler, a toughening agent, and a gloss improving assistant according to any ratio.
  • the spinning temperature is 270 to 290 ° C
  • the winding speed is 3,000 to 5,000 m/min
  • the draw ratio is 1.5 to 4 times.
  • the obtained fiber has a denier of 30 to 600 D.
  • the weaving method is knitting using a shuttle loom or a shuttleless loom.
  • the beneficial effects are as follows: (1) The pleated spherical graphene oxide microspheres added after the esterification is completed can be gradually unfolded and dissociated into a single layer of graphene oxide, and the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the graphene oxide are polymerized during PET polymerization.
  • the reaction of the PET molecules causes the PET molecules to branch to the graphene surface, which improves the compatibility of the two, and greatly reduces the addition amount of graphene while reducing the stack, so that the method of the invention has high cost performance.
  • the composite material can be continuously spun at high speed, and the fabric obtained by weaving the fiber has good UV resistance and flame retardancy, and the addition of graphene can significantly improve the electrical conductivity of the fabric. Used as an antistatic cloth.
  • the durability of the fabric is good, and the high performance can be maintained after repeated washing, exposure, and smashing.
  • the fabric can be reused, and the waste cloth can be recycled and reused, and the anti-UV, flame retardant and other properties can be re-applied.
  • a graphene/PET composite film obtained by co-melting and casting a film of 100 parts by mass of a graphene/PET nanocomposite and 0 to 10 parts of an auxiliary agent.
  • the graphene/PET nanocomposite consists of a single layer of graphene sheet and PET, and the surface of the graphene sheet is connected to the PET molecule by a covalent bond.
  • a method for preparing a graphene/PET composite film which comprises: mixing 100 parts by weight of a graphene/PET nanocomposite and 0 to 10 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent, and then forming a film by melt casting, thereby obtaining The multifunctional graphene/PET composite film of the invention.
  • the auxiliary agent is composed of one or more of an antioxidant, an inorganic filler, a toughening agent, and a gloss improving assistant according to any ratio.
  • the melt casting film forming temperature is 250 to 280 ° C
  • the screw rotation speed is 40 to 300 rpm
  • the pulling speed is 1 to 50 m/min.
  • graphene/PET nanocomposite is prepared by the following steps:
  • the atomization drying temperature of the step (1) is 130 to 200 °C.
  • the stirring speed in the step (3) is 140 to 200 rpm.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a titanium-based catalyst including an oxide of titanium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the beneficial effects are as follows: (1) The pleated spherical graphene oxide microspheres added after the esterification is completed can be gradually unfolded and dissociated into a single layer of graphene oxide, and the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the graphene oxide are polymerized during PET polymerization.
  • the reaction of the PET molecules causes the PET molecules to branch to the graphene surface, which improves the compatibility of the two, and greatly reduces the addition amount of graphene while reducing the stack, so that the method of the invention has high cost performance.
  • the oxygen barrier property of the composite membrane is significantly improved, and it can be used as a protective material and a packaging material.
  • the electrical conductivity of the composite film is significantly increased at a high addition amount and can be used as an antistatic material.
  • a high-strength, melt-resistant graphene/PET composite sheet obtained by coextruding 100 parts by mass of a graphene/PET nanocomposite and 0 to 10 parts of an auxiliary agent.
  • the graphene/PET nanocomposite consists of a single layer of graphene sheet and PET, and the surface of the graphene sheet is connected to the PET molecule by a covalent bond.
  • a method for preparing a graphene/PET composite sheet which comprises: mixing 100 parts by weight of a graphene/PET nanocomposite and 0 to 10 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent, and then extruding, thereby obtaining the invention Graphene/PET composite sheet with high temperature and anti-dropping resistance.
  • the auxiliary agent is composed of one or more of an antioxidant, an inorganic filler, a toughening agent, and a gloss improving assistant according to any ratio.
  • the melt extrusion temperature is 230 to 260 ° C
  • the screw rotation speed is 30 to 90 rpm
  • the pulling speed is 0.15 to 6 m/min.
  • graphene/PET nanocomposite is prepared by the following steps:
  • the atomization drying temperature of the step (1) is 130 to 200 °C.
  • the stirring speed in the step (3) is 140 to 200 rpm.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a titanium-based catalyst including an oxide of titanium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the lower stack greatly reduces the amount of graphene added, making the process of the invention cost effective.
  • the introduction of the graphene oxide polymerization process does not have a significant effect, so the method of the invention is more reasonable, more efficient, and lower in cost in the actual production process.
  • (3) The addition of graphene reduces the dripping speed when the sheet is burned, and improves the anti-droplet performance of the material.
  • the electrical conductivity of the composite sheet is significantly increased under high addition, and it can be used as an antistatic material.
  • a graphene-modified polyester blend fabric obtained by blending 40 to 60 parts by mass of cotton fibers, 30 to 50 parts by mass of graphene/PET composite fibers, and 10 to 20 parts by mass of other fibers.
  • the graphene/PET composite fiber is obtained by mixing graphene/PET nanocomposites and 0-10 parts by weight of auxiliary agents, and performing high speed melt spinning, cooling, oiling, drawing, and bombardment.
  • the graphene/PET nanocomposite consists of a single layer of graphene sheet and PET, and the surface of the graphene sheet is connected to the PET molecule by a covalent bond.
  • graphene/PET nanocomposite is prepared by the following steps:
  • the atomization drying temperature of the step (1) is 130 to 200 °C.
  • the stirring speed in the step (3) is 140 to 200 rpm.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a titanium-based catalyst including an oxide of titanium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the auxiliary agent is composed of one or more of an antioxidant, an inorganic filler, a toughening agent, and a gloss improving assistant according to any ratio.
  • the spinning temperature is 270 to 290 ° C
  • the winding speed is 3,000 to 5,000 m/min
  • the draw ratio is 1.5 to 4 times.
  • the obtained fiber has a denier of 30 to 400D.
  • the beneficial effects are as follows: (1) The pleated spherical graphene oxide microspheres added after the esterification is completed can be gradually unfolded and dissociated into a single layer of graphene oxide, and the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the graphene oxide are polymerized during PET polymerization.
  • the reaction of the PET molecules causes the PET molecules to branch to the graphene surface, which improves the compatibility of the two, and greatly reduces the addition amount of graphene while reducing the stack, so that the method of the invention has high cost performance.
  • the composite material After adding graphene, the composite material can be continuously spun at high speed, blended with traditional natural fabrics (cotton, hemp, wool) and synthetic fabrics (nylon, spandex, aramid), etc., which can retain the original fabric. Comfort, water absorption, gas permeability and other characteristics, and can take advantage of the characteristics of graphene, so that the blended fabric has good UV resistance and flame retardant properties.
  • the durability of the fabric is good, and the high performance can be maintained after repeated washing, exposure, and smashing.
  • the fabric can be reused, and the waste cloth can be recycled and reused, and the anti-UV, flame retardant and other properties can be re-applied.
  • a graphene-modified flame-retardant anti-ultraviolet polyester fiber which is composed of 100 parts by mass of graphene/PET nanocomposite and 0-10 parts of auxiliary agent, after spinning, cooling, oiling, pulling Stretched and wounded.
  • the graphene/PET nanocomposite consists of a single layer of graphene sheet and PET, and the surface of the graphene sheet is connected to the PET molecule by a covalent bond.
  • a method for preparing graphene modified flame retardant anti-ultraviolet polyester fiber which comprises: mixing 100 parts by weight of graphene/PET nano composite material and 0-10 parts by weight of auxiliary agent, and then spinning, Cooling, oiling, drafting, and winding are obtained.
  • the graphene/PET nanocomposite consists of a single layer of graphene sheet and PET, and the surface of the graphene sheet is connected to the PET molecule by a covalent bond.
  • graphene/PET nanocomposite is prepared by the following steps:
  • the atomization drying temperature of the step (1) is 130 to 200 °C.
  • the stirring speed in the step (3) is 140 to 200 rpm.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a titanium-based catalyst including an oxide of titanium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is a lanthanide catalyst, including an oxide of cerium, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the auxiliary agent is composed of one or more of an antioxidant, an inorganic filler, a toughening agent, and a gloss improving assistant according to any ratio.
  • the spinning temperature is 270 to 290 ° C, and the winding speed is 3000 to 5000 m/min.
  • the beneficial effects are as follows: (1) The pleated spherical graphene oxide microspheres added after the esterification is completed can be gradually unfolded and dissociated into a single layer of graphene oxide, and the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the graphene oxide are polymerized during PET polymerization.
  • the reaction of the PET molecules causes the PET molecules to branch to the graphene surface, which improves the compatibility of the two, and greatly reduces the addition amount of graphene while reducing the stack, so that the method of the invention has high cost performance.
  • a graphene/polyester nanocomposite comprising a polyester and a single-layer graphene sheet uniformly dispersed in a polyester, the surface of the graphene sheet being covalently bonded to the polyester molecule, and the polyester molecule is selected from the group consisting of One or more of propylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polybutylene terephthalate (PCT).
  • PTT propylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PCT polybutylene terephthalate
  • a method for preparing a graphene/polyester nanocomposite is prepared by the following steps:
  • the atomization drying temperature of the step (1) is 130 to 200 °C.
  • the diol in the step (2) is one or more of butanediol, propylene glycol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
  • the diol in the step (2) is butane diol in an amount of 60 to 76.8 parts by weight.
  • the diol in the step (2) is propylene glycol and is added in an amount of 50 to 70 parts by weight.
  • the diol in the step (2) is 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol in an amount of 121.4 to 147.5 parts by weight.
  • the catalyst in the step (2) is one or more of an oxide of sodium, titanium, lead, tin, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the catalyst in the step (3) is one or more of an oxide of cerium, titanium, lead, tin, an inorganic salt, and an organic compound.
  • the pleated spherical graphene oxide microspheres are prepared by the atomization drying method, and the pleated spherical graphene oxide can be gradually realized in different polyester oligomers by reasonably selecting the carbon-oxygen ratio and the size of the graphene oxide. Expanded and dissociated into flake graphene oxide.
  • the hydroxyl group and carboxyl group on the surface of graphene oxide react with the polyester molecules in the system, so that the polyester molecules link to the surface of graphene, which improves two
  • the compatibility of the product also contributes to the improvement of mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and ultraviolet resistance.
  • Adding graphene oxide after esterification avoids the influence on the esterification process in the first step, is more reasonable in the actual production process, has higher efficiency, lower cost, and avoids the occurrence of graphene oxide in the esterification stage.
  • Stacking forms agglomerates.
  • no substance is introduced except pleated spheroidal graphene oxide, which minimizes the influence of graphene introduction on the process and equipment, and has broad application prospects.
  • the resulting graphene/polyester composite has excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity and can be used in the preparation of functionalized polyester fibers.
  • a method for preparing a graphene/nylon 6 nano composite material is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the above dispersion is added to the polycondensation reaction vessel, and the temperature is raised to 250-270 ° C, and the reaction is carried out at 0.5-1 MPa for 2-4 hours; then, the reaction is carried out under vacuum for 4-6 hours to obtain a polymer melt; The polymer melt was subjected to water-cooling granulation to obtain a graphene/nylon 6 nanocomposite.
  • the above dispersion was continuously polymerized in a VK tube at a polymerization temperature of 260 ° C and a polymerization time of 20 h.
  • the polymer melt was subjected to water-cooling granulation to obtain a graphene/nylon 6 nanometer composite material.
  • the temperature of the atomization drying in the step (1) is 130 to 160 °C.
  • the beneficial effects are as follows: (1)
  • the conventional graphene powders are mostly highly stacked graphene structures, and cannot be dispersed into a single layer of graphene after being added to the polymerization system, and even secondary stacking may occur, thereby reducing the overall performance of the material.
  • the invention firstly obtains pleated spherical graphene oxide microspheres by atomization drying method, and the pleat structure greatly reduces the stacking effect between graphene oxide sheets, and pleats by reasonably selecting the carbon-oxygen ratio and the size of graphene oxide.
  • the spherical graphene oxide can be gradually unfolded and dissociated in the caprolactam melt, and simultaneously thermally reduced to form a single layer of flake graphene.
  • Nylon 6 molecules are gradually grafted onto the surface of graphene during the whole polymerization process, which improves the compatibility of the two, and maintains excellent mechanical properties (such as toughness and spinnability) in the case of high addition. To the extent, it exerts the advantages of graphene enhancement, barrier, and anti-ultraviolet, and has a very low percolation threshold.
  • the comprehensive performance is improved, such as mechanical properties, high temperature resistance, anti-UV aging performance, etc.; at the same time, the material toughness is not lost, the molecular weight of the polymer is controllable, and it does not decrease with the increase of the amount of graphene added.
  • Graphene is both a nucleating agent and a nano-reinforcing filler in the polymer matrix, and also functions as a UV protection. (3) Graphene has good dispersibility in the polymer matrix, and the transverse dimension of the graphene sheet is large, so the amount of graphene is small (less than 0.5%), and the final product has good processability, and can be industrialized multi-filament bundle high-speed spinning. wire. (4) The whole preparation process is simple and effective, and it is not necessary to modify the existing nylon 6 polymerization equipment, and it is a highly competitive production technology. Since the addition of water is avoided, continuous polymerization can be carried out using a VK tube.
  • Figure 1 is a photograph of a graphene/PET nanocomposite prepared by the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a photograph of a graphene polyester conjugate fiber for a cord used in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a photograph of a multifunctional graphene/polyester composite fabric prepared by the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a photograph of a graphene/PET composite film prepared by the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a photograph of a graphene-modified polyester blend fabric.
  • Figure 7 is a photograph of a graphene/polyester nanocomposite prepared by the present invention.
  • PET was prepared in accordance with the method of Example 1, except that no pleated spherical graphene oxide was added during the preparation.
  • the performance is shown in Table 1.
  • Comparative Example 1-1 Comparative Example 1-2, Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Example 1-3, and Comparative Example 1-3, it was found that the carbon oxide ratio and the addition amount of the graphene oxide were maintained. Under constant conditions, the optimum size of the graphene oxide can be selected to obtain the best performance composite.
  • the size of the graphene oxide of Comparative Example 1-2 is too small to be an effective reinforcing material by itself, and the graphene oxide of Comparative Examples 1-3 is too large in size and cannot be effectively expanded into flake graphite oxide after being added to the polymerization system.
  • the olefin can only be used as a pleated spherical filler to reinforce the composite material, and the tensile strength and modulus increase are small, and the elongation at break is slightly lowered. In the size range of 1 to 50 microns, graphene oxide can be more effectively enhanced as the size increases.
  • Comparative Example 1-1 Comparative Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Example 1-4, Comparative Example 1-4, it can be found that the carbon-oxygen ratio is increased, and the performance of the composite material is better, which is due to an increase in the carbon-oxygen ratio, graphene. The defects are less and the performance is better, which makes the composite perform better.
  • the carbon-oxygen ratio cannot be too high, otherwise the bonding force between the graphene oxide sheets is too strong, the polymerization is not developed, the reinforcement cannot be effectively enhanced, and the elongation at break is greatly reduced (Comparative Example 4).
  • Comparative Example 1-1 Analysis of Comparative Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Example 1-5, Example 1-6, Comparative Example 1-5, it was found that the addition amount of graphene oxide increased, the mechanical properties of the material were improved, and The conductivity is greatly improved. After adding too much graphene oxide, although the electrical conductivity can be further improved, the mechanical properties of the material are degraded, which is due to the excessive stacking of graphene, which reduces the reinforcing effect (Comparative Examples 1-5).
  • the composite obtained in the step (3) is dried, pre-crystallized, solid-phase polycondensed, cooled, and melt-spun at a high speed.
  • the drying temperature is 175 ° C
  • the pre-crystallization temperature is 180 ° C
  • the solid phase polycondensation temperature is 215 ° C
  • the intrinsic viscosity after solid phase polycondensation is 1.1
  • the cooling temperature is 70 ° C
  • the spinning temperature is 290 ° C
  • the winding speed is 4000 m / Min
  • the draft ratio is 3.
  • the composite obtained in the step (3) is dried, pre-crystallized, solid-phase polycondensed, cooled, and melt-spun at a high speed.
  • the drying temperature is 175 ° C
  • the pre-crystallization temperature is 180 ° C
  • the solid phase polycondensation temperature is 215 ° C
  • the intrinsic viscosity after solid phase polycondensation is 1.1
  • the cooling temperature is 70 ° C
  • the spinning temperature is 290 ° C
  • the winding speed is 4000 m / Min
  • the draft ratio is 3.
  • the composite obtained in the step (3) is dried, pre-crystallized, solid-phase polycondensed, cooled, and melt-spun at a high speed.
  • the drying temperature is 175 ° C
  • the pre-crystallization temperature is 180 ° C
  • the solid phase polycondensation temperature is 215 ° C
  • the intrinsic viscosity after solid phase polycondensation is 1.1
  • the cooling temperature is 70 ° C
  • the spinning temperature is 290 ° C
  • the winding speed is 4000 m / Min
  • the draft ratio is 3.
  • the composite obtained in the step (3) is dried, pre-crystallized, solid-phase polycondensed, cooled, and melt-spun at a high speed.
  • the drying temperature is 175 ° C
  • the pre-crystallization temperature is 180 ° C
  • the solid phase polycondensation temperature is 215 ° C
  • the intrinsic viscosity after solid phase polycondensation is 1.12
  • the cooling temperature is 70 ° C
  • the spinning temperature is 290 ° C
  • the winding speed is 4000 m / Min
  • the draft ratio is 3.
  • the composite obtained in the step (3) is dried, pre-crystallized, solid-phase polycondensed, cooled, and melt-spun at a high speed.
  • the drying temperature is 175 ° C
  • the pre-crystallization temperature is 180 ° C
  • the solid phase polycondensation temperature is 215 ° C
  • the intrinsic viscosity after solid phase polycondensation is 1.14
  • the cooling temperature is 70 ° C
  • the spinning temperature is 290 ° C
  • the winding speed is 4000 m / Min
  • the draft ratio is 3.
  • PET was prepared in accordance with the method of Example 1, except that no pleated spherical graphene oxide was added during the preparation.
  • the performance is shown in Table 2.
  • the composite obtained in the step (3) is dried, pre-crystallized, solid-phase polycondensed, cooled, and melt-spun at a high speed.
  • the drying temperature is 175 ° C
  • the pre-crystallization temperature is 180 ° C
  • the solid phase polycondensation temperature is 215 ° C
  • the intrinsic viscosity after solid phase polycondensation is 1.1
  • the cooling temperature is 70 ° C
  • the spinning temperature is 290 ° C
  • the winding speed is 4000 m / Min
  • the draft ratio is 3.
  • the composite obtained in the step (3) is dried, pre-crystallized, solid-phase polycondensed, cooled, and melt-spun at a high speed.
  • the drying temperature is 175 ° C
  • the pre-crystallization temperature is 180 ° C
  • the solid phase polycondensation temperature is 215 ° C
  • the intrinsic viscosity after solid phase polycondensation is 1.31
  • the cooling temperature is 70 ° C
  • the spinning temperature is 290 ° C
  • the winding speed is 4000 m / Min
  • the draft ratio is 3.
  • the composite obtained in the step (3) is dried, pre-crystallized, solid-phase polycondensed, cooled, and melt-spun at a high speed.
  • the drying temperature is 175 ° C
  • the pre-crystallization temperature is 180 ° C
  • the solid phase polycondensation temperature is 215 ° C
  • the intrinsic viscosity after solid phase polycondensation is 1.1
  • the cooling temperature is 70 ° C
  • the spinning temperature is 290 ° C
  • the winding speed is 4000 m / Min
  • the draft ratio is 3.
  • the composite obtained in the step (3) is dried, pre-crystallized, solid-phase polycondensed, cooled, and melt-spun at a high speed.
  • the drying temperature is 175 ° C
  • the pre-crystallization temperature is 180 ° C
  • the solid phase polycondensation temperature is 215 ° C
  • the intrinsic viscosity after solid phase polycondensation is 1.37
  • the cooling temperature is 70 ° C
  • the spinning temperature is 290 ° C
  • the winding speed is 4000 m / Min
  • the draft ratio is 3.
  • Comparative Example 2-4 Analysis of Comparative Example 2-1, Example 2-2, Example 2-3, Comparative Example 2-4, it can be found that the carbon-oxygen ratio increases, and the indexes of the composite fiber increase, which is due to an increase in the carbon-oxygen ratio. Graphene has fewer defects and better performance, which makes the composite perform better. However, the carbon-oxygen ratio cannot be too high, otherwise the bonding force between the graphene oxide sheets is too strong, and the stacking state is maintained during the polymerization, and the spinning holes are blocked, which is difficult to continuously produce (Comparative Examples 2-4).
  • the composite obtained in the step (3) is dried, pre-crystallized, solid-phase polycondensed, cooled, and melt-spun at a high speed.
  • the drying temperature is 170 ° C
  • the pre-crystallization temperature is 175 ° C
  • the solid phase polycondensation temperature is 210 ° C
  • the intrinsic viscosity after solid phase polycondensation is 0.9
  • the cooling temperature is 60 ° C
  • the spinning temperature is 290 ° C
  • the winding speed is 5000 m / Min
  • the draft ratio is 4.
  • the graphene polyester composite fiber for cord has good mechanical properties and electrical properties.
  • the composite obtained in the step (3) is dried, pre-crystallized, solid-phase polycondensed, cooled, and melt-spun at a high speed.
  • the drying temperature is 180 ° C
  • the pre-crystallization temperature is 185 ° C
  • the solid phase polycondensation temperature is 220 ° C
  • the intrinsic viscosity after solid phase polycondensation is 1.2
  • the cooling temperature is 80 ° C
  • the spinning temperature is 270 ° C
  • the winding speed is 3000 m / Min
  • the draft ratio is 1.5.
  • the graphene polyester composite fiber for cord has good mechanical properties and electrical properties.
  • PET was prepared in accordance with the method of Example 1, except that no pleated spherical graphene oxide was added during the preparation.
  • the performance is shown in Tables 3 and 4.
  • the graphene/polyester composite fabric was obtained, and the specific properties are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
  • Comparative Example 3-1 Comparative Example 3-2, Example 3-1, Example 3-2, Example 3-3, and Comparative Example 3-3, it was found that the carbon oxide ratio and the addition amount of the graphene oxide were maintained. In the case of constant, the optimum size of the graphene oxide can be selected to obtain the functional fabric with the best performance.
  • the size of the graphene oxide of Comparative Example 3-2 was too small, and the contribution to the improvement of conductivity, UV resistance and flame retardancy was not significant, while the size of graphene oxide of Comparative Example 3 was too large and could not be added to the polymerization system.
  • the composite material can only be reinforced as a pleated spherical filler, resulting in a significant decrease in the spinnability and continuity of the material.
  • graphene oxide can be more effectively enhanced as the size increases.
  • Comparative Example 3-1 Comparative Example 3-1, Example 3-2, Example 3-4, Comparative Example 3-4, it can be found that the carbon-oxygen ratio increases, and the various indexes of the fabric increase, which is due to the increase of the carbon-oxygen ratio, graphite.
  • the olefin has fewer defects and its own performance is better, so that the composite material performs better.
  • the carbon-oxygen ratio cannot be too high, otherwise the bonding force between the graphene oxide sheets is too strong, and the stacking state is maintained during the polymerization, and the spinning holes are blocked, which is difficult to continuously produce (Comparative Examples 3-4).
  • the multifunctional graphene/polyester composite fabric is obtained with good performance.
  • the multifunctional graphene/polyester composite fabric is obtained with good performance.
  • a graphene/PET composite film was obtained by uniformly mixing 100 parts by mass of a graphene/PET nanocomposite and 0.2 parts by mass of an antioxidant, and forming a film by melt casting.
  • the extrusion temperature was 260 ° C
  • the screw speed was 100 rpm
  • the pulling speed was 8 m/min.
  • PET was prepared in accordance with the method of Example 1, except that no pleated spherical graphene oxide was added during the preparation.
  • the performance is shown in Tables 5 and 6.
  • Comparative Example 4-1 Comparative Example 4-2, Example 4-1, Example 4-2, Example 4-3, and Comparative Example 4-3, it was found that the carbon oxide ratio and the addition amount of the graphene oxide were maintained. Under constant conditions, the optimum size of the graphene oxide can be selected to obtain the best performance composite.
  • the size of the graphene oxide in Comparative Example 4-2 was too small, and the reinforcing effect was not remarkable, while the graphene oxide in Comparative Example 4-3 was too large in size and could not be effectively expanded into flake graphene oxide after being added to the polymerization system. It can be used as a pleated spherical filler to enhance the composite material and contribute less to UV protection and barrier properties. In the size range of 1 to 50 microns, graphene oxide can be more effectively enhanced as the size increases.
  • Comparative Example 4-1 Example 4-2, Example 4-4, Comparative Example 4-4
  • the carbon-oxygen ratio is increased, and the performance of the composite material is better, which is due to an increase in the carbon-oxygen ratio, graphene.
  • the defects are less and the performance is better, so that the barrier properties of the composite are better.
  • the carbon-oxygen ratio cannot be too high, otherwise the bonding force between the graphene oxide sheets is too strong, and it does not spread during polymerization, and cannot exist in the form of flake graphene in the composite film, and does not have the effect of blocking water oxygen and ultraviolet rays. Even seriously affecting the continuity of film formation (Comparative Example 4-4).
  • Comparative Example 4-1 Example 4-2, Example 4-5, Example 4-6, Comparative Example 4-5
  • the addition amount of graphene oxide increased, the barrier property of the composite film, and the ultraviolet resistance And the conductivity has increased significantly.
  • the conductivity can be further improved, since the graphene is stacked, the film solvent is broken during the casting process, and the uniformity of the film is greatly reduced, and some micropores are generated, which is difficult to achieve a barrier effect.
  • Comparative Example 4-5 Comparative Example 4-5.
  • a graphene/PET composite film was obtained by melt-extruding 100 parts by mass of graphene/PET nanocomposite.
  • the extrusion temperature was 250 ° C
  • the screw speed was 40 rpm
  • the pulling speed was 1 m/min.
  • the graphene/PET composite film was obtained to have good performance.
  • a graphene/PET composite film was obtained by melt-extruding 100 parts by mass of graphene/PET nanocomposite.
  • the extrusion temperature was 280 ° C
  • the screw speed was 300 rpm
  • the pulling speed was 50 m/min.
  • the graphene/PET composite film was obtained to have good performance.
  • PET was prepared in accordance with the method of Example 1, except that no pleated spherical graphene oxide was added during the preparation.
  • the performance is shown in Tables 7 and 8.
  • Comparative Example 5-1 Comparative Example 5-2, Example 5-1, Example 5-2, Example 5-3, and Comparative Example 5-3, it was found that the carbon oxide ratio and the addition amount of the graphene oxide were maintained. Under constant conditions, the optimum size of the graphene oxide can be selected to obtain the best performance composite.
  • the size of the graphene oxide of Comparative Example 5-2 was too small to be an effective reinforcing material by itself, and the graphene oxide of Comparative Example 5-3 was too large in size and could not be effectively expanded into flake graphite oxide after being added to the polymerization system.
  • the olefin can only be used as a pleated spherical filler to reinforce the composite material, and the tensile strength and modulus increase are small, and the elongation at break is slightly lowered. In the size range of 1 to 50 microns, graphene oxide can be more effectively enhanced as the size increases.
  • Comparative Example 5-1 Example 5-2, Example 5-4, Comparative Example 5-4
  • the carbon-oxygen ratio is increased, and the performance of the composite material is better, which is due to an increase in the carbon-oxygen ratio, graphene.
  • the defects are less and the performance is better, which makes the composite perform better.
  • the carbon-oxygen ratio cannot be too high, otherwise the bonding force between the graphene oxide sheets is too strong, and it does not expand during polymerization, and cannot be effectively enhanced, and the elongation at break is greatly reduced (Comparative Example 5-4).
  • Comparative Example 5-5 Analysis of Comparative Example 5-1, Example 5-2, Example 5-5, Example 5-6, Comparative Example 5-5, it was found that the addition amount of graphene oxide increased, the mechanical properties of the material were improved, and the melting The drop rate is greatly reduced and the conductivity is greatly improved. After adding too much graphene oxide, although the flame retardancy and electrical conductivity can be further improved, the mechanical properties of the material are degraded, which is due to the excessive stacking of graphene, which reduces the reinforcing effect and makes the material brittle (Comparative Example 5-5 ).
  • the graphene/PET composite sheet has good performance.
  • the graphene/PET composite sheet has good performance.
  • PET was prepared in accordance with the method of Example 1, except that no pleated spherical graphene oxide was added during the preparation.
  • the performance is shown in Table 9.
  • the flame retardancy test was carried out by a 45° direction burning rate test.
  • the UV protection factor (UPF) value was measured and calculated using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.
  • Comparative Example 6-1 Analysis of Comparative Example 6-1, Comparative Example 6-2, Example 6-1, Example 6-2, Example 6-3, and Comparative Example 3 revealed that the carbon oxide ratio and the amount of addition of graphene oxide were maintained.
  • a blend fabric having the best performance can be obtained.
  • the size of the graphene oxide of Comparative Example 6-2 was too small, and the contribution to the improvement of conductivity, UV resistance and flame retardancy was not significant, while the graphene oxide of Comparative Example 6-3 was too large in the polymerization system.
  • Comparative Example 6-1 Comparative Example 6-1, Example 6-2, Example 6-4, Comparative Example 6-4, it can be found that the carbon-oxygen ratio increases, and the indexes of the fabric increase, which is due to the increase of the carbon-oxygen ratio, graphite.
  • the olefin has fewer defects and its own performance is better, so that the composite material performs better.
  • the carbon-oxygen ratio cannot be too high, otherwise the bonding force between the graphene oxide sheets is too strong, and the stacking state is maintained during the polymerization, and the spinning holes are blocked, which is difficult to continuously produce (Comparative Example 6-4).
  • the addition amount of the pleated spherical graphene oxide, the carbon-oxygen ratio, and the size of the graphene oxide therein are controlled within a reasonable range, and a blended fabric having excellent ultraviolet-proof performance and flame-retardant property can be obtained.
  • the graphene-modified polyester blended fabric has good performance.
  • a graphene/PET composite fiber is obtained by spinning, cooling, oiling, drawing, and stretching 100 parts by mass of the graphene/PET nanocomposite.
  • the spinning temperature was 285 ° C
  • the spinning speed was 3600 m/min
  • the draw ratio was 4 times
  • the denier was 30 D.
  • the graphene-modified polyester blended fabric has good performance.
  • PET was prepared in accordance with the method of Example 1, except that no pleated spherical graphene oxide was added during the preparation.
  • the performance is shown in Tables 10 and 11.
  • Comparative Example 7-1 Comparative Example 7-2, Example 7-1, Example 7-2, Example 7-3, and Comparative Example 7-3, it was found that the carbon oxide ratio and the addition amount of the graphene oxide were maintained. Under constant conditions, the optimum size of the graphene oxide can be selected to obtain the best performance composite fiber.
  • the size of the graphene oxide of Comparative Example 7-2 was too small to be an effective reinforcing material by itself, and the graphene oxide of Comparative Example 3 was too large in size and could not be effectively expanded into flake graphene oxide after being added to the polymerization system.
  • the composite can only be reinforced as a pleated spherical filler, resulting in a significant decrease in the spinnability and continuity of the material. In the size range of 1 to 50 microns, graphene oxide can be more effectively enhanced as the size increases.
  • Comparative Example 7-1 Analysis of Comparative Example 7-1, Example 7-2, Example 7-4, and Comparative Example 7-4 revealed that the carbon-oxygen ratio increased and the indexes of the composite fiber increased, which was due to an increase in the carbon-oxygen ratio.
  • Graphene has fewer defects and better performance, which makes the composite perform better.
  • the carbon-oxygen ratio cannot be too high, otherwise the bonding force between the graphene oxide sheets is too strong, and the stacking state is maintained during the polymerization, and the spinning holes are blocked, which is difficult to continuously produce (Comparative Example 7-4).
  • the graphene-modified flame retardant anti-ultraviolet polyester fiber has good performance.
  • the graphene-modified flame retardant anti-ultraviolet polyester fiber has good performance.
  • the size of graphene oxide (1 ⁇ 50 microns), carbon to oxygen ratio (2.5-5), atomization drying temperature (130 ⁇ 200 ° C) and graphene oxide in the whole system The ratio is the necessary condition for obtaining a graphene/PBT composite with uniform dispersion and superior performance.
  • the tensile strength is increased by more than 5% compared with pure PBT, the modulus is increased by more than 10%, and the resistivity is between 10 7 and 10 3 ⁇ m.
  • the UV resistance coefficient UPF is higher than 40.
  • this embodiment is only a further preferred result.
  • the tensile strength and modulus are increased by 25% and 45%, respectively, and the specific resistance is 10 3 ⁇ m.
  • the anti-UV coefficient UPF after spinning and weaving into a fabric Above 130.
  • the size of graphene oxide (1 ⁇ 50 microns), carbon to oxygen ratio (2.5-5), atomization drying temperature (130 ⁇ 200 ° C) and graphene oxide in the whole system The ratio is the necessary condition for obtaining a graphene/PTT composite with uniform dispersion and superior performance.
  • the tensile strength is increased by more than 5% compared with pure PTT, the modulus is increased by more than 8%, and the resistivity is between 10 7 and 10 3 ⁇ m.
  • the UV resistance coefficient UPF is higher than 40.
  • this embodiment is only a further preferred result.
  • the tensile strength and modulus are increased by 20% and 50%, respectively, compared with pure PET, and the electrical resistivity is 10 3 ⁇ m.
  • the anti-UV coefficient UPF after spinning and weaving into a fabric Above 140.
  • the size of graphene oxide (1 ⁇ 50 microns), carbon to oxygen ratio (2.5-5), atomization drying temperature (130 ⁇ 200 ° C) and graphene oxide in the whole system The ratios are all graphene/PCT composites with uniform dispersion and superior performance.
  • the tensile strength is increased by more than 5% compared with pure PCT, the modulus is increased by more than 10%, and the resistivity is between 10 7 and 10 3 ⁇ m.
  • the UV resistance coefficient UPF is higher than 40.
  • this embodiment is only a further preferred result.
  • the tensile strength and modulus are increased by 18% and 39%, respectively, and the specific resistance is 10 3 ⁇ m.
  • the anti-UV coefficient UPF after spinning and weaving into a fabric Above 145.
  • the size of graphene oxide (1 ⁇ 50 microns), carbon to oxygen ratio (2.5-5), atomization drying temperature (130 ⁇ 200 ° C) and graphene oxide in the whole system The ratios are all graphene/PBT/PTT composites with uniform dispersion and superior performance.
  • the tensile strength is increased by more than 8% compared with PBT/PTT without graphene, the modulus is increased by more than 12%, and the resistivity is 10 7 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ m, after spinning and weaving into a fabric, its UV resistance coefficient UPF is higher than 30.
  • this embodiment is only a further preferred result.
  • the tensile strength and modulus are 27% and 50% higher than that of the pure PBT, and the specific resistance is 10 3 ⁇ m.
  • the anti-UV coefficient UPF after spinning and weaving into a fabric Above 130.
  • the graphene/PCT nanocomposite is obtained, and the tensile strength and modulus are increased by 10% and 15%, respectively, compared with the pure PCT, and the electrical resistivity is 10 6 ⁇ m.
  • the anti-UV is obtained.
  • the coefficient UPF is higher than 50.
  • the graphene/PBT nanocomposite is obtained, and the tensile strength and modulus are increased by 15% and 25%, respectively, compared with pure PBT, and the electrical resistivity is 10 7 ⁇ m. After being spun and woven into a fabric, it is UV-resistant. The coefficient UPF is higher than 40.
  • the single-layer graphene oxide dispersion is dried by an atomization drying method to obtain pleated spherical graphene oxide having an atomization temperature of 130 ° C, a graphene oxide sheet size of 0.3 to 5 ⁇ m, an average size of 1 ⁇ m, and carbon.
  • the oxygen ratio is 5, and the water content is less than 0.1%;
  • the filament has a high degree of UV resistance and has a very low percolation threshold.
  • the water content is less than 0.1%
  • the single-layer graphene oxide dispersion is dried by an atomization drying method to obtain pleated spherical graphene oxide, the atomization temperature is 130 ° C, the average size of the graphene oxide sheet is 5 ⁇ m, and the carbon-oxygen ratio is 3.9.
  • the rate is less than 0.1%;
  • the resulting graphene/nylon 6 composite has good properties.
  • the resulting graphene/nylon 6 composite has good properties.

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Abstract

一种石墨烯复合材料及其制备方法,通过在前驱体中加入褶球状氧化石墨烯和催化剂,在发生缩聚反应的同时,褶球状氧化石墨烯高度分散,并逐步解离为单层氧化石墨烯片,部分酯化分子可与氧化石墨烯片表面的羟基、羧基反应形成化学键,同时使氧化石墨烯发生热还原,最终得到由PET和表面接枝有PET的石墨烯片组成的复合材料。避免了酯化阶段中氧化石墨烯的堆叠,大大节约了成本,提高了生产效率。所得石墨烯在聚合物基体中分散性好,并且两种材料之间共价键的形成有效提高体系的力学性能、电导率等性能。所涉及制备工艺简单有效,可有效节约成本,所得复合材料性能优越,并可用于制备高性能涤纶织物。

Description

石墨烯复合材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于复合材料领域,尤其涉及石墨烯复合材料及其制备方法,包括石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料、帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维、石墨烯/涤纶复合织物、石墨烯/PET复合膜、石墨烯/PET复合板材、石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物、石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。
背景技术
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PET是一种非常重要的高分子材料,在人们日常中占据着非常大的比例,例如一次性水瓶,包装材料,汽车塑料等,将PET纺丝就得到衣服中常用的涤纶,因此,PET广泛地存在于我们的生活中。若能将PET的性能进一步提升,或赋予其新的性能,不仅能进一步拓宽PET的应用范围,也可给人类社会带来更多便利。近年来,研究者们通过调控PET分子结构、进行共聚反应、引入增强相进行复合、设计海岛等微观形貌、结晶行为控制等手段对PET性能进行了升级,得到了令人瞩目的成果。
涤纶是合成纤维中的一个重要品种,是以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)为原料,经纺丝和后处理制成的纤维。因其具有化学性能稳定、力学强度高、质量轻、热稳定性好、卫生性能好、透明性高和易加工等特性,被大量用于衣料、床上用品、各种装饰布料、国防军工特殊织物等纺织品以及其他工业用纤维制品。其中,PET工业丝因成本低,强度高等特点,在汽车轮胎中应用广泛。为了进一步提升PET工业丝的强度,人们采用不同手段进行提升。专利201310043077.2《熔体直纺高模低缩涤纶工业长丝的生产方法》采用熔体液相增粘、熔体直纺、二段牵伸的手段,得到了高模低缩涤纶长丝,可被用于帘子线等领域。除改进纺丝工艺外,还可通过添加增强材料来提升长丝的强度,获得更优的性能。
引入增强材料是一种可快速规模生产,性价比高的方法,常规增强材料包括金属材料(纳米线、纳米粒子)、无机填料(蒙脱土、二氧化钛、二氧化硅、氮化硼等)和碳材料(炭黑、石墨等)。常规增强材料存在两大缺陷,一方面需要很高添加量才能获得令人满意的效果,但高添加量伴随着其他性能的下降,难以实现性能的全面提升,另一方面增强效果往往是单一的,不能同时对多个性能进行提高。这些问题导致常规增强材料的性价比偏低,不能令人满意。对于纺丝而言,填充增强材料还必须考虑到分散均匀性对纺丝连续化的影响,否则极易出现断丝、飘丝等现象,不利于连续化生产。
石墨烯是一种原子厚度的二维材料,具有超高的比表面积、优异的力学性能、高导电率、高导热率和高阻隔性。并且,加入少量石墨烯可同时提高材料的诸多性能,具有超高的性价比,这使其在复合材料方面得到广泛研究。但石墨烯容易团聚,会重新形成石墨堆叠结构,降低了其增强效果。虽然可以通过添加分散剂和进行表面修饰的方法来促进石墨 烯的分散性和降低石墨烯的堆叠,但是这些方法提高了石墨烯的成本,并且引入了新的成分。专利201510514154.7《氧化石墨烯改性PET材料的制备方法》采用在酯化前将氧化石墨烯加入氧化石墨烯水溶液,一方面水的加入对酯化和缩聚会产生影响,另一方面酯化阶段氧化石墨烯发生还原,可能产生堆叠,降低性能。专利201280033203.X《聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯-石墨烯纳米复合物》将石墨烯纳米片加入PET聚合体系,多层石墨烯使得添加量较高(2~15%),而且由于没有官能团存在,石墨烯在聚合过程中会发生二次堆叠,形成不相容的缺陷点。专利201610111707.9《PET基石墨烯复合材料、其制备方法及浮空器》先将氧化石墨烯用乙二醇改性,再与PET单体进行酯化或酯交换,最后缩聚得到复合材料,虽然通过改性的方式提高了石墨烯与PET聚合体系的相容性,并且使石墨烯与PET产生共价接枝,但是在酯化过程中,氧化石墨烯仍旧会不可避免地发生堆叠,且制备过程复杂,整体生产的成本高,不适合实际生产。
对于连续纺丝而言,石墨烯强烈的团聚性会在纤维中形成缺陷,使得纺丝过程断丝、毛丝的现象增多。因而许多研究者努力抑制石墨烯的堆叠,如采用氧化石墨烯聚合,进行表面改性或者加入分散剂。专利201510680473.5《一种石墨烯-涤纶纳米复合纤维的制备方法》将石墨烯粉体和PET进行熔融共混挤出造粒,再进行纺丝。但是常规石墨烯粉体均是由多层石墨烯堆叠而成,而这种堆叠无法在螺杆挤出的混合作用下分离,进而严重影响可纺性和连续性。专利201510688803.5《一种军用抗熔滴抗静电高强阻燃涤纶的制备方法》将氧化石墨烯进行改性,干燥后再和PET进行共混造粒,并纺丝,虽然对氧化石墨烯改性有效降低了团聚,但是干燥后的改性粉体中石墨烯的团聚无法在熔融挤出的过程中解离,会导致纺丝板堵塞以及断丝现象。专利201610757032.5《石墨烯涤纶单丝》用硅烷偶联剂对石墨烯进行处理,再和PET进行共混挤出。偶联剂能提高石墨烯和PET的相互作用,但是无法改变石墨烯堆叠的状态,纺丝的效果仍不好。综上,现阶段石墨烯基涤纶纤维的制备始终无法从根本上解决石墨烯的堆叠问题,因而极大限制了高速、连续纺丝。
此外,迄今所报道的利用氧化石墨烯分散液与己内酰胺进行原位聚合制备石墨烯/尼龙6复合材料的方法都是基于间歇式反应釜的制备工艺,聚合体系中含有大量的水。而工业上尼龙6生产绝大多数生产线采用VK管进行连续聚合,对聚合体系的含水率有着很高的要求,含水量多严重抑制分子量的提升,甚至导致难以聚合,这对石墨烯/尼龙6的大规模制备及其不利。因此,需要得到可在聚合体系中分散的氧化石墨烯粉体来进行复合材料的制备。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的技术不足,提供石墨烯复合材料及其制备方法,包括石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料、帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维、石墨烯/涤纶复合织物、石墨烯/PET复合膜、石墨烯/PET复合板材、石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物、石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。
本发明包括以下技术方案:
方案一:
一种石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,所述石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
一种石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料的制备方法,由以下步骤制备进行:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02g醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117~5.85重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)的雾化干燥温度为130~200℃。所述步骤(3)中搅拌速度为140~200转/分。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锑系催化剂,包括锑的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为钛系催化剂,包括钛的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锗系催化剂,包括锗的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。
有益效果在于:本发明首先通过利用雾化干燥法制备得到褶球状氧化石墨烯微球,通过合理选择的碳氧比和氧化石墨烯尺寸使得褶球状氧化石墨烯在酯化完成后的PET低聚物中可逐步展开、解离为片状氧化石墨烯,在PET聚合过程中氧化石墨烯表面的羟基和羧基与体系中的PET分子发生反应,使得PET分子链接枝于石墨烯表面,提高了两者相容性的同时也有助于力学性能、导电性等性能的提高。将氧化石墨烯在酯化后加入,避免了对第一步酯化过程的影响,在实际生产过程中更加合理,效率更高,成本更低,同时也避免了氧化石墨烯在酯化阶段发生堆叠形成团聚体。对于整个PET聚合而言,除褶球状氧化石墨烯外没有引入任何物质,对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、酯化催化剂和缩聚催化剂用量均按纯PET聚合工艺,最大限度降低了石墨烯引入对工艺和设备的影响,具有广阔的应用前景。所得石墨烯/PET复合材料具有优异的力学性能和导电率,并可用于功能化涤纶纤维的制备。
方案二:
一种帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维,所述纤维由石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝得到。所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。所述干燥温度为170~180℃,预结晶温度为175~185℃,固相缩聚温度为210~220℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为0.9~1.2,冷却温度为60~80℃,纺丝温度为270~290℃,卷绕速度为3000~5000m/min,牵伸比为1.5~4。
进一步地,石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由以下步骤制备进行:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~10微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117~1.17重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)的雾化干燥温度为130~200℃。所述步骤(3)中搅拌速度为140~200转/分。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锑系催化剂,包括锑的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为钛系催化剂,包括钛的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锗系催化剂,包括锗的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。
有益效果在于:(1)酯化完成后加入的褶球状氧化石墨烯微球可逐步展开、解离为单层片状氧化石墨烯,在PET聚合过程中氧化石墨烯表面的羟基和羧基与体系中的PET分子发生反应,使得PET分子链接枝于石墨烯表面,提高了两者相容性,在降低堆叠的同时大幅降低了石墨烯的添加量,使得本发明方法具有高性价比。相比之下,在酯化阶段就加入氧化石墨烯会使氧化石墨烯发生热还原,随着反应进行还原的石墨烯会逐步堆叠为团聚体,既不利于性能的提升,又会由于团聚体的存在而无法连续高速纺丝。(2)将氧化石墨烯在酯化后加入,避免了对第一步酯化过程的影响。对聚合过程而言,引入褶球状氧化石墨烯对聚合工艺没有产生明显影响,因此本发明方法在实际生产过程中更加合理,效率更高,成本更低。(3)石墨烯对PET熔体有增粘性,通过选取合适的氧化石墨烯碳氧比、尺寸和填充量,可将熔体的粘度控制在合适范围内。(4)加入石墨烯后复合材料可进行高速连续化纺丝,所得纤维的断裂强度、断裂伸长率高,并且提升了纤维的耐热性能。
方案三:
一种多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物,所述复合织物由100质量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10份的助剂混合后,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到。所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
进一步地,石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由以下步骤制备进行:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.585~5.85重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂 加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)的雾化干燥温度为130~200℃。所述步骤(3)中搅拌速度为140~200转/分。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锑系催化剂,包括锑的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为钛系催化剂,包括钛的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锗系催化剂,包括锗的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。
所述助剂由抗氧化剂、无机填充剂、增韧剂、光泽改善助剂中的一种或多种按照任意配比组成。
所述纺丝的温度为270~290℃,卷绕速度为3000~5000m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5~4倍。所得纤维旦数为30~600D。织布方法为采用有梭织机或无梭织机进行编织。
有益效果在于:(1)酯化完成后加入的褶球状氧化石墨烯微球可逐步展开、解离为单层片状氧化石墨烯,在PET聚合过程中氧化石墨烯表面的羟基和羧基与体系中的PET分子发生反应,使得PET分子链接枝于石墨烯表面,提高了两者相容性,在降低堆叠的同时大幅降低了石墨烯的添加量,使得本发明方法具有高性价比。相比之下,在酯化阶段就加入氧化石墨烯会使氧化石墨烯发生热还原,随着反应进行还原的石墨烯会逐步堆叠为团聚体,既不利于性能的提升,又会由于团聚体的存在而无法连续高速纺丝。(2)将氧化石墨烯在酯化后加入,避免了对第一步酯化过程的影响。对聚合过程而言,引入褶球状氧化石墨烯对聚合工艺没有产生明显影响,因此本发明方法在实际生产过程中更加合理,效率更高,成本更低。(3)加入石墨烯后复合材料可进行高速连续化纺丝,将纤维进行编织后得到的织物具有良好的防紫外性能和阻燃性能,提高石墨烯添加量可显著提高织物的导电率,可用作防静电布。(4)织物的耐用性好,经反复洗涤、暴晒、揉搓后仍可保持高性能。(5)织物可重复利用,废弃布可回收再利用,防紫外、阻燃等性能可重新发挥出来。
方案四:
一种石墨烯/PET复合膜,由100质量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10份的助剂共同熔融流延成膜得到。所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
一种石墨烯/PET复合膜的制备方法,该方法为:将100重量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10重量份的助剂混合均匀后,经熔融流延成膜,即得到本发明多功能石墨烯/PET复合膜。所述助剂由抗氧化剂、无机填充剂、增韧剂、光泽改善助剂中的一种或多种按照任意配比组成。所述熔融流延成膜温度为250~280℃,螺杆转速为40~300rpm,牵引速度为1~50m/min。
进一步地,所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由以下步骤制备进行:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状 氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117~5.85重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)的雾化干燥温度为130~200℃。所述步骤(3)中搅拌速度为140~200转/分。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锑系催化剂,包括锑的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为钛系催化剂,包括钛的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锗系催化剂,包括锗的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。
有益效果在于:(1)酯化完成后加入的褶球状氧化石墨烯微球可逐步展开、解离为单层片状氧化石墨烯,在PET聚合过程中氧化石墨烯表面的羟基和羧基与体系中的PET分子发生反应,使得PET分子链接枝于石墨烯表面,提高了两者相容性,在降低堆叠的同时大幅降低了石墨烯的添加量,使得本发明方法具有高性价比。相比之下,在酯化阶段就加入氧化石墨烯会使氧化石墨烯发生热还原,随着反应进行还原的石墨烯会逐步堆叠为团聚体,既不利于性能的提升,又会对材料的均匀性和成型性产生巨大影响。(2)将氧化石墨烯在酯化后加入,避免了对第一步酯化过程的影响。对聚合过程而言,引入褶球状氧化石墨烯对聚合工艺没有产生明显影响,因此本发明方法在实际生产过程中更加合理,效率更高,成本更低。(3)加入石墨烯后复合膜的隔氧隔水性、防紫外性显著提高,可用作防护材料和包装材料。(4)高添加量下复合膜的电导率显著上升,可用作防静电材料。
方案五:
一种高强度耐熔滴的石墨烯/PET复合板材,所述复合板材由100质量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10份的助剂共同熔融挤出得到。所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
一种石墨烯/PET复合板材的制备方法,该方法为:将100重量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10重量份的助剂混合均匀后,经熔融挤出,即得到本发明耐高温抗熔滴的石墨烯/PET复合板材。所述助剂由抗氧化剂、无机填充剂、增韧剂、光泽改善助剂中的一种或多种按照任意配比组成。所述熔融挤出温度为230~260℃,螺杆转速为30-90rpm,牵引速度为0.15~6m/min。
进一步地,所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由以下步骤制备进行:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅 拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117~5.85重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)的雾化干燥温度为130~200℃。所述步骤(3)中搅拌速度为140~200转/分。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锑系催化剂,包括锑的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为钛系催化剂,包括钛的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锗系催化剂,包括锗的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。
有益效果在于:(1)加入少量褶球状氧化石墨烯微球与PET前驱体进行原位聚合可显著提高PET板材的屈服强度、弹性模量,高温条件下的屈服强度也得到了提升。这是由于酯化完成后加入的褶球状氧化石墨烯微球可逐步展开、解离为片状氧化石墨烯,在PET聚合过程中氧化石墨烯表面的羟基和羧基与体系中的PET分子发生反应,使得PET分子链接枝于石墨烯表面,提高了两者相容性。较低的堆叠大幅降低了石墨烯的添加量,使得本发明方法具有高性价比。(2)将氧化石墨烯在酯化后加入,避免了对第一步酯化过程的影响。对聚合过程而言,引入氧化石墨烯聚合工艺没有产生明显影响,因此本发明方法在实际生产过程中更加合理,效率更高,成本更低。(3)加入石墨烯降低了板材燃烧时的滴落速度,提高了材料的抗熔滴性能。(4)高添加量下复合板材的电导率显著上升,可用作防静电材料。
方案六:
一种石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物,由40~60质量份棉纤维、30~50质量份石墨烯/PET复合纤维和10~20质量份其他纤维经混纺得到。所述石墨烯/PET复合纤维是由石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0-10重量份的助剂混合后,经高速熔融纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到。所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
进一步地,石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由以下步骤制备进行:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117~5.85重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)的雾化干燥温度为130~200℃。所述步骤(3)中搅拌速度为 140~200转/分。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锑系催化剂,包括锑的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为钛系催化剂,包括钛的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锗系催化剂,包括锗的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。
所述助剂由抗氧化剂、无机填充剂、增韧剂、光泽改善助剂中的一种或多种按照任意配比组成。
所述纺丝的温度为270~290℃,卷绕速度为3000~5000m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5~4倍。所得纤维旦数为30~400D。
有益效果在于:(1)酯化完成后加入的褶球状氧化石墨烯微球可逐步展开、解离为单层片状氧化石墨烯,在PET聚合过程中氧化石墨烯表面的羟基和羧基与体系中的PET分子发生反应,使得PET分子链接枝于石墨烯表面,提高了两者相容性,在降低堆叠的同时大幅降低了石墨烯的添加量,使得本发明方法具有高性价比。相比之下,在酯化阶段就加入氧化石墨烯会使氧化石墨烯发生热还原,随着反应进行还原的石墨烯会逐步堆叠为团聚体,既不利于性能的提升,又会由于团聚体的存在而无法连续高速纺丝。(2)将氧化石墨烯在酯化后加入,避免了对第一步酯化过程的影响。对聚合过程而言,引入褶球状氧化石墨烯对聚合工艺没有产生明显影响,因此本发明方法在实际生产过程中更加合理,效率更高,成本更低。(3)加入石墨烯后复合材料可进行高速连续化纺丝,与传统天然织物(棉、麻、毛)和人工合成织物(锦纶、氨纶、芳纶)等进行混纺,既可保留原织物的舒适性、吸水性、透气性等特性,又能利用石墨烯的特性,使混纺织物具有良好的防紫外性能和阻燃性能。(4)织物的耐用性好,经反复洗涤、暴晒、揉搓后仍可保持高性能。(5)织物可重复利用,废弃布可回收再利用,防紫外、阻燃等性能可重新发挥出来。
方案七:
一种石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维,所述纤维由100质量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10份的助剂混合后,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到。所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
一种石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维的制备方法,该方法为:将100重量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10重量份的助剂混合均匀后,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到。所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
进一步地,石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由以下步骤制备进行:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117~5.85重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)的雾化干燥温度为130~200℃。所述步骤(3)中搅拌速度为140~200转/分。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锑系催化剂,包括锑的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为钛系催化剂,包括钛的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锗系催化剂,包括锗的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。
所述助剂由抗氧化剂、无机填充剂、增韧剂、光泽改善助剂中的一种或多种按照任意配比组成。
所述纺丝的温度为270~290℃,卷绕速度为3000~5000m/min。
有益效果在于:(1)酯化完成后加入的褶球状氧化石墨烯微球可逐步展开、解离为单层片状氧化石墨烯,在PET聚合过程中氧化石墨烯表面的羟基和羧基与体系中的PET分子发生反应,使得PET分子链接枝于石墨烯表面,提高了两者相容性,在降低堆叠的同时大幅降低了石墨烯的添加量,使得本发明方法具有高性价比。相比之下,在酯化阶段就加入氧化石墨烯会使氧化石墨烯发生热还原,随着反应进行还原的石墨烯会逐步堆叠为团聚体,既不利于性能的提升,又会由于团聚体的存在而无法连续高速纺丝。(2)将氧化石墨烯在酯化后加入,避免了对第一步酯化过程的影响。对聚合过程而言,引入褶球状氧化石墨烯对聚合工艺没有产生明显影响,因此本发明方法在实际生产过程中更加合理,效率更高,成本更低。(3)加入石墨烯后复合材料可进行高速连续化纺丝,所得纤维的防紫外性、阻燃性和导电率明显提升。
方案8:
一种石墨烯/聚酯纳米复合材料,包括聚酯和均匀分散在聚酯中的单层石墨烯片,所述石墨烯片表面与聚酯分子通过共价键相连,聚酯分子选自聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT),聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),聚对苯二甲酸1,4-环己烷二甲酯(PCT)中的一种或多种。
一种石墨烯/聚酯纳米复合材料的制备方法,由以下步骤制备进行:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、50~150重量份二醇、0.01~0.5重量份催化剂充分混合搅拌,在200~260℃下进行酯化反应至无水生成;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.02~10重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.01~1重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至240~310℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/聚酯纳米复合材料。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)的雾化干燥温度为130~200℃。所述步骤(2)中的二醇为丁 二醇、丙二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇的一种或多种。所述步骤(2)中的二醇为丁二醇,添加量为60~76.8重量份。所述步骤(2)中的二醇为丙二醇,添加量为50~70重量份。所述步骤(2)中的二醇为1,4-环己烷二甲醇,添加量为121.4~147.5重量份。所述步骤(2)中催化剂为钠、钛、铅、锡的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物中的一种或多种。所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锑、钛、铅、锡的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物中的一种或多种。
有益效果在于:首先利用雾化干燥法制备得到褶球状氧化石墨烯微球,通过合理选择的碳氧比和氧化石墨烯尺寸,使得褶球状氧化石墨烯可以在不同聚酯低聚物中实现逐步展开,并解离为片状氧化石墨烯,在聚酯聚合过程中氧化石墨烯表面的羟基和羧基与体系中的聚酯分子发生反应,使得聚酯分子链接枝于石墨烯表面,提高了两者相容性的同时也有助于力学性能、导电性、防紫外性等性能的提高。将氧化石墨烯在酯化后加入,避免了对第一步酯化过程的影响,在实际生产过程中更加合理,效率更高,成本更低,同时也避免了氧化石墨烯在酯化阶段发生堆叠形成团聚体。对于整个聚酯聚合而言,除褶球状氧化石墨烯外没有引入任何物质,最大限度降低了石墨烯引入对工艺和设备的影响,具有广阔的应用前景。所得石墨烯/聚酯复合材料具有优异的力学性能和导电率,并可用于功能化聚酯纤维的制备。
方案九:
一种石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的制备方法,按以下步骤进行:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
(2)将0.01-3.5质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和1-3质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(300~500rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)在间歇式反应设备或VK管中制备石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料:
间歇式反应釜:
在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250-270℃,在0.5-1MPa下反应2-4小时;然后在真空下反应4-6小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
VK管:
将上述分散液在VK管中连续聚合,聚合温度为260℃,聚合时间为20h,将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述雾化干燥的温度为130~160℃。
有益效果在于:(1)常规石墨烯粉体多为高度堆叠的石墨烯结构,加入聚合体系后不能分散成单层石墨烯,甚至会发生二次堆叠,降低材料的整体性能。本发明首先通过雾化干燥法制备得到褶球状氧化石墨烯微球,这种褶球结构大大降低了氧化石墨烯片间的堆叠 作用,并且通过合理选择的碳氧比和氧化石墨烯尺寸使得褶球状氧化石墨烯在己内酰胺熔体中可逐步展开、解离,同时发生热还原形成单层片状石墨烯。在整个聚合过程中尼龙6分子逐步接枝于石墨烯表面,提高了两者相容性,在高添加量的情况下仍旧保持了优异的机械性能(如韧性和可纺性),而且极大程度上发挥石墨烯的增强、阻隔、抗紫外等优势,且具有极低的渗流阈值。(2)采用高质量单层氧化石墨烯为原料与己内酰胺进行原位聚合得到的石墨烯/尼龙6复合材料。相比纯尼龙6产品各方面综合性能得到提升,如机械性能、耐高温性能、抗紫外老化性能等;同时没有损失材料韧性,聚合物分子量可控,不会随石墨烯添加量增加而减小。石墨烯在聚合物基体中既是一种成核剂,也是一种纳米增强填料,同时也起到紫外防护等作用。(3)石墨烯在聚合物基体中分散性佳,且石墨烯片横向尺寸大,因此石墨烯用量少(低于0.5%),最终产品可加工性好,可以进行工业化多丝束高速纺丝。(4)整个制备工艺简单有效,无须对现有尼龙6聚合设备进行改动,是一种极具市场竞争力的生产技术。由于避免了水的加入,可采用VK管进行连续化聚合。
附图说明
图1是经本发明制备的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料的照片。
图2是经本发明制备的褶球状氧化石墨烯的SEM图。
图3是经本发明制备的帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维的照片。
图4是经本发明制备的多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物的照片。
图5经本发明制备的石墨烯/PET复合膜的照片。
图6是石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物的照片。
图7是经本发明制备的石墨烯/聚酯纳米复合材料的照片
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述,本实施例只用于对本发明做进一步的说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据上述发明的内容做出一些非本质的改变和调整均属本发明的保护范围。
实施例1-1:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为1~3微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将1000g苯二甲酸、530g乙二醇、0.2醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17g褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.18g乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,如图1所示。所得褶球状氧化石墨烯的 SEM图如图2所示。复合材料的具体性能如表1所示。
实施例1-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将1000g对苯二甲酸、530g乙二醇、0.2g充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17g褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.18g乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,具体性能如表1所示。
实施例1-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40~45微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将1000g对苯二甲酸、530g乙二醇、0.2g醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.18g乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,具体性能如表1所示。
实施例1-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为160℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将1000g对苯二甲酸、530g乙二醇、0.2g醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17g褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.18g乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,具体性能如表1所示。
实施例1-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将1000g对苯二甲酸、530g乙二醇、0.2g醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的11.7g褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.18g乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,具体性能如表1所示。
实施例1-6:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将1000g对苯二甲酸、530g乙二醇、0.2g醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的58.5g褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.18g乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,具体性能如表1所示。
对比例1-1:
按照实施例1的方法制备PET,不同的是,制备过程中不添加褶球状氧化石墨烯。性能如表1所示。
对比例1-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为0.3~0.7微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将1000g对苯二甲酸、530g乙二醇、0.2g醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17g褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.18g乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,具体性能如表1所示。
对比例1-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为70~80微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将1000g对苯二甲酸、530g乙二醇、0.2g醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17g褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.18g乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,具体性能如表1所示。
对比例1-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为220℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为10;
(2)将1000g对苯二甲酸、530g乙二醇、0.2g醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.18重量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,具体性能如表1所示。
对比例1-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将1000g对苯二甲酸、530g乙二醇、0.2g醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的93.6g褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.18g乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,具体性能如表1所示。
表1 实施例具体参数与性质
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000001
分析对比例1-1、对比例1-2、实施例1-1、实施例1-2、实施例1-3和对比例1-3可以发现,在保持氧化石墨烯碳氧比和添加量不变的情况下,选择合适的氧化石墨烯尺寸范围可得到性能最优的复合材料。对比例1-2的氧化石墨烯的尺寸过小,本身不能作为有效的增强材料,而对比例1-3的氧化石墨烯尺寸过大,在加入聚合体系中后不能有效展开为片状氧 化石墨烯,只能作为褶球形填充体对复合材料进行增强,拉伸强度和模量增加量少,断裂伸长率略有降低。而在1~50微米的尺寸范围内,随着尺寸增加,氧化石墨烯能更加有效地起到增强作用。
分析对比例1-1、实施例1-2、实施例1-4、对比例1-4可以发现,碳氧比增大,复合材料的性能越好,这是由于碳氧比上升,石墨烯的缺陷少,本身的性能更优,从而使复合材料的表现更好。但是碳氧比不能过高,否则氧化石墨烯片间的结合力过强,聚合时不展开,不能有效增强,甚至大幅降低断裂伸长率(对比例4)。
分析对比例1-1、实施例1-2、实施例1-5、实施例1-6、对比例1-5可以发现,氧化石墨烯的加入量增大,材料的力学性能得到提升,另外电导率大幅提升。加入过多氧化石墨烯后,虽然电导率可进一步提高,材料力学性能下降,这是由于过多的石墨烯发生堆叠,降低了增强效果(对比例1-5)。
实施例1-7:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为200℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40-50微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将1000g对苯二甲酸、530g乙二醇、0.2g醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的58.5g褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.18g乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,搅拌速度为140转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。经测试,得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料具有良好的力学性能和电性能。
实施例1-8:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为200℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40-50微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将1000g对苯二甲酸、530g乙二醇、0.2g醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117g褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.18g乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1h,搅拌速度为200转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。经测试,得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料具有良好的力学性能和电性能。
实施例2-1:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为1~3微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌, 在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝。干燥温度为175℃,预结晶温度为180℃,固相缩聚温度为215℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为1.1,冷却温度为70℃,纺丝温度为290℃,卷绕速度为4000m/min,牵伸比为3。
经以上步骤,得到帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维,如图3所示。具体性能如表2所示。
实施例2-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为6~10微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝。干燥温度为175℃,预结晶温度为180℃,固相缩聚温度为215℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为1.1,冷却温度为70℃,纺丝温度为290℃,卷绕速度为4000m/min,牵伸比为3。
经以上步骤,得到帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维,具体性能如表2所示。
实施例2-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为160℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为6~10微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝。干燥温度为175℃,预结晶温度为180℃,固相缩聚温度为215℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为1.1,冷却温度为70℃,纺丝温度为290℃,卷绕速度为4000m/min,牵伸比为3。
经以上步骤,得到帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维,具体性能如表2所示。
实施例2-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为6~10微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.585重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝。干燥温度为175℃,预结晶温度为180℃,固相缩聚温度为215℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为1.12,冷却温度为70℃,纺丝温度为290℃,卷绕速度为4000m/min,牵伸比为3。
经以上步骤,得到帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维,具体性能如表2所示。
实施例2-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为6~10微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合材料。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝。干燥温度为175℃,预结晶温度为180℃,固相缩聚温度为215℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为1.14,冷却温度为70℃,纺丝温度为290℃,卷绕速度为4000m/min,牵伸比为3。
经以上步骤,得到帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维,具体性能如表2所示。
对比例2-1:
按照实施例1的方法制备PET,不同的是,制备过程中不添加褶球状氧化石墨烯。性能如表2所示。
对比例2-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为0.3~0.7微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃ 并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝。干燥温度为175℃,预结晶温度为180℃,固相缩聚温度为215℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为1.1,冷却温度为70℃,纺丝温度为290℃,卷绕速度为4000m/min,牵伸比为3。
经以上步骤,得到帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维,具体性能如表2所示。
对比例2-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40~45微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝。干燥温度为175℃,预结晶温度为180℃,固相缩聚温度为215℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为1.31,冷却温度为70℃,纺丝温度为290℃,卷绕速度为4000m/min,牵伸比为3。
经以上步骤,熔体的粘度过大,难以连续化纺丝。
对比例2-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为220℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为6~10微米,碳氧比为10;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝。干燥温度为175℃,预结晶温度为180℃,固相缩聚温度为215℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为1.1,冷却温度为70℃,纺丝温度为290℃,卷绕速度为4000m/min,牵伸比为3。
经以上步骤,发现纺丝板有堵塞现象,纺出的丝连续性不好,出现断丝的频率高。
对比例2-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为6~10微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌, 在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的5.85质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合材料。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝。干燥温度为175℃,预结晶温度为180℃,固相缩聚温度为215℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为1.37,冷却温度为70℃,纺丝温度为290℃,卷绕速度为4000m/min,牵伸比为3。
经以上步骤,发现熔体粘度过高,纺丝难度大,连续性差。
表2 实施例具体参数及性能
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000002
分析对比例2-1、对比例2-2、实施例2-1、实施例2-2和对比例2-3可以发现,在保持氧化石墨烯碳氧比和添加量不变的情况下,在合适范围内提高石墨烯尺寸可有效提升纤维的断裂强度。对比例2-2的氧化石墨烯的尺寸过小,本身不能作为有效的增强材料,而对比例2-3的氧化石墨烯尺寸过大,加入聚合体系后增粘效果明显,在固相缩聚阶段对熔体进行增粘后,粘度进一步增大,纺丝难度加大,不利于连续化生产。因此限定在1~10微米的尺寸范围内,氧化石墨烯能更加有效地起到增强作用。
分析对比例2-1、实施例2-2、实施例2-3、对比例2-4可以发现,碳氧比增大,复合纤维的各项指标均上升,这是由于碳氧比上升,石墨烯的缺陷少,本身的性能更优,从而使复合材料的表现更好。但是碳氧比不能过高,否则氧化石墨烯片间的结合力过强,聚合时仍保持堆叠状态,堵塞纺丝孔,难以连续生产(对比例2-4)。
分析对比例2-1、实施例2-2、实施例2-4、实施例2-5、对比例2-5可以发现,氧化石墨烯的加入量增大,复合纤维的断裂强度也随之明显上升,这是石墨烯起到了增强的效果。加入过多氧化石墨烯后,体系粘度过大,经增粘后熔体可纺性大大降低,难以连续化生产(对比例2-5)。
实施例2-6:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为3-5微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.95质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,搅拌速度为140转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合材料。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝。干燥温度为170℃,预结晶温度为175℃,固相缩聚温度为210℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为0.9,冷却温度为60℃,纺丝温度为290℃,卷绕速度为5000m/min,牵伸比为4。
经测试,得到帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维具有完好的力学性能和电性能。
实施例2-7:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为200℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为3-5微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.95质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1h,搅拌速度为200转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合材料。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝。干燥温度为180℃,预结晶温度为185℃,固相缩聚温度为220℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为1.2,冷却温度为80℃,纺丝温度为270℃,卷绕速度为3000m/min,牵伸比为1.5。
经测试,得到帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维具有完好的力学性能和电性能。
实施例3-1:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为1~3微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.585质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。纺丝 温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D,采用有梭织机进行编织。
经以上步骤,得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。石墨烯/涤纶复合织物的照片如图4所示。具体性能如表3,4所示。
实施例3-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.585质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D,采用有梭织机进行编织。
经以上步骤,得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物,具体性能如表3,4所示。
实施例3-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40~45微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.585重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D,采用有梭织机进行编织。
经以上步骤,得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物,具体性能如表3,4所示。
实施例3-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为160℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.585重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.4质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D,采用有梭织机进行编织。
经以上步骤,得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物,具体性能如表3,4所示。
实施例3-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.3质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D,采用有梭织机进行编织。
经以上步骤,得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物,具体性能如表3,4所示。
实施例3-6:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的5.85质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.5质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。纺丝 温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D,采用有梭织机进行编织。
经以上步骤,得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物,具体性能如表3,4所示。
对比例3-1:
按照实施例1的方法制备PET,不同的是,制备过程中不添加褶球状氧化石墨烯。性能如表3,4所示。
对比例3-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为0.3~0.7微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.585质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.3质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D,采用有梭织机进行编织。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/涤纶复合织物,具体性能如表3,4所示。
对比例3-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为70~80微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.585质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D,采用有梭织机进行编织。
经以上步骤,发现纺丝板有堵塞现象,纺出的丝连续性不好,出现断丝的频率高。
对比例3-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为220℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为10;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.585质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D,采用有梭织机进行编织。
经以上步骤,发现纺丝板有堵塞现象,纺出的丝连续性不好,出现断丝的频率高。
对比例3-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D,采用有梭织机进行编织。
得到石墨烯/涤纶复合织物,具体性能如表3,4所示。
对比例3-6:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的9.36质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D,采用有梭织机进行编织。
经以上步骤,发现纺丝板有堵塞现象,纺出的丝连续性不好,出现断丝的频率高。
表3 实施例具体参数
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000003
表4 实施例的具体性能
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000004
分析对比例3-1、对比例3-2、实施例3-1、实施例3-2、实施例3-3和对比例3-3可以发现,在保持氧化石墨烯碳氧比和添加量不变的情况下,选择合适的氧化石墨烯尺寸范围可得到性能最优的功能织物。对比例3-2的氧化石墨烯的尺寸过小,对提升导电率、防紫外性和阻燃性的贡献不显著,而对比例3的氧化石墨烯尺寸过大,在加入聚合体系中后不能有效展开为片状氧化石墨烯,只能作为褶球形填充体对复合材料进行增强,导致材料的可 纺性和连续性明显下降。而在1~50微米的尺寸范围内,随着尺寸增加,氧化石墨烯能更加有效地起到增强作用。
分析对比例3-1、实施例3-2、实施例3-4、对比例3-4可以发现,碳氧比增大,织物的各项指标均上升,这是由于碳氧比上升,石墨烯的缺陷少,本身的性能更优,从而使复合材料的表现更好。但是碳氧比不能过高,否则氧化石墨烯片间的结合力过强,聚合时仍保持堆叠状态,堵塞纺丝孔,难以连续生产(对比例3-4)。
分析对比例3-1、对比例3-5、实施例3-2、实施例3-5、实施例3-6、对比例3-6可以发现,氧化石墨烯的加入量增大,织物的阻燃性能、导电性和防紫外性能均明显上升。低添加量下石墨烯不能有效行程导电网络,使得织物的性能不能达到阻燃和防静电的要求(对比例3-5)。加入过多氧化石墨烯后,还原过程中石墨烯发生剧烈堆叠,形成团聚体,降低了可纺性(对比例3-6),因此需要控制氧化石墨烯添加量在合理范围内。
实施例3-7:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为200℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为20-30微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的3.25质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,搅拌速度为140转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。所述纺丝的温度为270℃,纺丝速度为5000m/min,牵伸倍数为4倍。所得纤维旦数为30D。织布方法为采用无梭织机进行编织。
经以上步骤,得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物性能良好。
实施例3-8:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为20-30微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的3.25质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1h,搅拌速度为200转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和10质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、 冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物。所述纺丝的温度为290℃,纺丝速度为3000m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍。所得纤维旦数为600D。织布方法为采用无梭织机进行编织。
经以上步骤,得到多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物性能良好。
实施例4-1:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为1~3微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融流延成膜得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。挤出温度为260℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,牵引速度为8m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合膜,照片如图5所示。复合膜的具体性能如表5,6所示。
实施例4-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。挤出温度为260℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,牵引速度为8m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合膜,具体性能如表5,6所示。
实施例4-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40~45微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。挤出温度为260℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,牵引速度为8m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合膜,具体性能如表5,6所示。
实施例4-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为160℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.4质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。挤出温度为260℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,牵引速度为8m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合膜,具体性能如表5,6所示。
实施例4-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.3质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。挤出温度为260℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,牵引速度为8m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合膜,具体性能如表5,6所示。
实施例4-6:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的5.85质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.5质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。挤出温度为260℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,牵引速度为8m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合膜,具体性能如表5,6所示。
对比例4-1:
按照实施例1的方法制备PET,不同的是,制备过程中不添加褶球状氧化石墨烯。性能如表5,6所示。
对比例4-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为0.3~0.7微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。挤出温度为260℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,牵引速度为8m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合膜,具体性能如表5,6所示。
对比例4-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为70~80微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。挤出温度为260℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,牵引速度为8m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合膜,具体性能如表5,6所示。
对比例4-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度 为220℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为10;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。挤出温度为260℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,牵引速度为8m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合膜,具体性能如表5,6所示。
对比例4-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的9.36质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。挤出温度为260℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,牵引速度为8m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。成膜过程中容易破裂,膜的均匀性差,膜表面有小孔出现。具体性能如表5,6所示。氧气阻隔性和水汽阻隔性依据GB/T 19789-2005测量。紫外防护性能根据GB/T 18830-2009测量。导电率采用高阻计测量。
表5 施例具体参数
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000005
表6 实施例的具体性能
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000006
分析对比例4-1、对比例4-2、实施例4-1、实施例4-2、实施例4-3和对比例4-3可以发现,在保持氧化石墨烯碳氧比和添加量不变的情况下,选择合适的氧化石墨烯尺寸范围可得到性能最优的复合材料。对比例4-2的氧化石墨烯的尺寸过小,增强效果不显著,而对比例4-3的氧化石墨烯尺寸过大,在加入聚合体系中后不能有效展开为片状氧化石墨烯,只能作为褶球形填充体对复合材料进行增强,对紫外防护性、阻隔性的贡献小。而在1~50微米的尺寸范围内,随着尺寸增加,氧化石墨烯能更加有效地起到增强作用。
分析对比例4-1、实施例4-2、实施例4-4、对比例4-4可以发现,碳氧比增大,复合材料的性能越好,这是由于碳氧比上升,石墨烯的缺陷少,本身的性能更优,从而使复合材料的阻隔性能也越好。但是碳氧比不能过高,否则氧化石墨烯片间的结合力过强,聚合时不展开,不能以片状石墨烯的形式存在于复合膜中,起不到阻隔水氧和防紫外的效果,甚至严重影响成膜的连续性(对比例4-4)。
分析对比例4-1、实施例4-2、实施例4-5、实施例4-6、对比例4-5可以发现,氧化石墨烯的加入量增大,复合膜阻隔性能、防紫外性和电导率大幅提升。加入过多氧化石墨烯后,虽然电导率可进一步提高,但是由于石墨烯发生了堆叠,流延过程中膜溶剂破裂,并且膜的均匀性大幅下降,产生了一些微孔,难以起到阻隔效果(对比例4-5)。
实施例4-7:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为200℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为20-30微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑 加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1h,搅拌速度为200转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。挤出温度为250℃,螺杆转速为40rpm,牵引速度为1m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合膜性能良好。
实施例4-8:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为200℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为20-30微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,搅拌速度为140转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。挤出温度为280℃,螺杆转速为300rpm,牵引速度为50m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合膜性能良好。
实施例5-1
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为1~3微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。挤出温度为240℃,螺杆转速为70rpm,牵引速度为4m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合板材,复合板材的具体性能如表7,8所示。
实施例5-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加 入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。挤出温度为240℃,螺杆转速为70rpm,牵引速度为4m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合板材,具体性能如表7,8所示。
实施例5-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40~45微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。挤出温度为240℃,螺杆转速为70rpm,牵引速度为4m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合板材,具体性能如表7,8所示。
实施例5-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为160℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.4质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。挤出温度为240℃,螺杆转速为70rpm,牵引速度为4m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合板材,具体性能如表7,8所示。
实施例5-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加 入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.3质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。挤出温度为240℃,螺杆转速为70rpm,牵引速度为4m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合板材,具体性能如表7,8所示。
实施例5-6:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的5.85质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.5质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。挤出温度为240℃,螺杆转速为70rpm,牵引速度为4m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合板材,具体性能如表7,8所示。
对比例5-1:
按照实施例1的方法制备PET,不同的是,制备过程中不添加褶球状氧化石墨烯。性能如表7,8所示。
对比例5-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为0.3~0.7微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。挤出温度为240℃,螺杆转速为70rpm,牵引速度为4m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合板材,具体性能如表7,8所示。
对比例5-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为70~80微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。挤出温度为240℃,螺杆转速为70rpm,牵引速度为4m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合板材,具体性能如表7,8所示。
对比例5-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为220℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为10;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。挤出温度为240℃,螺杆转速为70rpm,牵引速度为4m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合板材,具体性能如表7,8所示。
对比例5-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的9.36质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。挤出温度为240℃,螺杆转速为70rpm,牵引速度为4m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合板材,具体性能如表7,8所示。热变形温度依据GB/T 1634.1‐2004测量。拉伸屈服强度、模量依据GB/T 1040.1‐2006测量。阻燃性测试依据UL94水平垂直燃烧试验方法进行。
表7 实施例具体参数
表8 实施例的具体性能
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000008
分析对比例5-1、对比例5-2、实施例5-1、实施例5-2、实施例5-3和对比例5-3可以发现,在保持氧化石墨烯碳氧比和添加量不变的情况下,选择合适的氧化石墨烯尺寸范围可得到性能最优的复合材料。对比例5-2的氧化石墨烯的尺寸过小,本身不能作为有效的增强材料,而对比例5-3的氧化石墨烯尺寸过大,在加入聚合体系中后不能有效展开为片状氧化石墨烯,只能作为褶球形填充体对复合材料进行增强,拉伸强度和模量增加量少,断裂伸长率略有降低。而在1~50微米的尺寸范围内,随着尺寸增加,氧化石墨烯能更加有效地起到增强作用。
分析对比例5-1、实施例5-2、实施例5-4、对比例5-4可以发现,碳氧比增大,复合材料的性能越好,这是由于碳氧比上升,石墨烯的缺陷少,本身的性能更优,从而使复合材料的表现更好。但是碳氧比不能过高,否则氧化石墨烯片间的结合力过强,聚合时不展开,不能有效增强,甚至大幅降低断裂伸长率(对比例5-4)。
分析对比例5-1、实施例5-2、实施例5-5、实施例5-6、对比例5-5可以发现,氧化石墨烯的加入量增大,材料的力学性能得到提升,熔滴速度大幅降低,电导率大幅提升。加 入过多氧化石墨烯后,虽然阻燃性和电导率可进一步提高,材料力学性能下降,这是由于过多的石墨烯发生堆叠,降低了增强效果,使材料变脆(对比例5-5)。
实施例5-7:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为200℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为20-30微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1h,搅拌速度为200转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和10质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。挤出温度为230℃,螺杆转速为30rpm,牵引速度为0.15m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合板材性能良好。
实施例5-8:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为20-30微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,搅拌速度为140转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合膜。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和10质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经熔融挤出得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。挤出温度为260℃,螺杆转速为90rpm,牵引速度为6m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PET复合板材性能良好。
实施例6-1:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为1~3微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.234质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D。
(5)将55份棉纤维、40份石墨烯/PET复合纤维和15份氨纶纤维混纺,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物。
经以上步骤,石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物的照片如图6所示。
实施例6-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.234质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.4质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D。
(5)将55份棉纤维、40份石墨烯/PET复合纤维和15份氨纶纤维混纺,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物,具体性能如表9所示。
实施例6-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40~45微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.234重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.3质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D。
(5)将55份棉纤维、40份石墨烯/PET复合纤维和15份氨纶纤维混纺,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物,具体性能如表9所示。
实施例6-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为160℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.234重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.6质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D。
(5)将55份棉纤维、40份石墨烯/PET复合纤维和15份氨纶纤维混纺,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物。经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物,具体性能如表9所示。
实施例6-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.8质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D。
(5)将55份棉纤维、40份石墨烯/PET复合纤维和15份氨纶纤维混纺,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物,具体性能如表9所示。
实施例6-6:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌, 在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的5.85质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.5质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D。
(5)将55份棉纤维、40份石墨烯/PET复合纤维和15份氨纶纤维混纺,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物,具体性能如表9所示。
对比例6-1:
按照实施例1的方法制备PET,不同的是,制备过程中不添加褶球状氧化石墨烯。性能如表9所示。
对比例6-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为0.3~0.7微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.234质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D。
(5)将55份棉纤维、40份石墨烯/PET复合纤维和15份氨纶纤维混纺,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/涤纶复合织物,具体性能如表9所示。
对比例6-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为70~80微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.234质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加 入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D。
经以上步骤,发现纺丝板有堵塞现象,纺出的丝连续性不好,出现断丝的频率高。
对比例6-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为220℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为10;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.234质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D。
经以上步骤,发现纺丝板有堵塞现象,纺出的丝连续性不好,出现断丝的频率高。
对比例6-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0585质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.5质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D。
(5)将55份棉纤维、40份石墨烯/PET复合纤维和15份氨纶纤维混纺,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/涤纶复合织物,具体性能如表9所示。
对比例6-6:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的9.36质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.5质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为280℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为100D。
经以上步骤,发现纺丝板有堵塞现象,纺出的丝连续性不好,出现断丝的频率高。
表9 实施例具体参数及性能
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000009
阻燃性测试通过45°方向燃烧速率试验进行。紫外防护系数(UPF)值采用紫外分光光度计测试并计算得到。
分析对比例6-1、对比例6-2、实施例6-1、实施例6-2、实施例6-3和对比例3可以发现,在保持氧化石墨烯碳氧比和添加量不变的情况下,选择合适的氧化石墨烯尺寸范围可得到性能最优的混纺织物。对比例6-2的氧化石墨烯的尺寸过小,对提升导电率、防紫外性和阻燃性的贡献不显著,而对比例6-3的氧化石墨烯尺寸过大,在加入聚合体系中后不能有效展开为片状氧化石墨烯,只能作为褶球形填充体对复合材料进行增强,导致材料的可纺性和连续性明显下降。而在1~50微米的尺寸范围内,随着尺寸增加,氧化石墨烯能更加有效地起到增强作用。
分析对比例6-1、实施例6-2、实施例6-4、对比例6-4可以发现,碳氧比增大,织物 的各项指标均上升,这是由于碳氧比上升,石墨烯的缺陷少,本身的性能更优,从而使复合材料的表现更好。但是碳氧比不能过高,否则氧化石墨烯片间的结合力过强,聚合时仍保持堆叠状态,堵塞纺丝孔,难以连续生产(对比例6-4)。
分析对比例6-1、对比例6-5、实施例6-2、实施例6-5、实施例6-6、对比例6-6可以发现,氧化石墨烯的加入量增大,织物的阻燃性能和防紫外性能均明显上升。低添加量下石墨烯不能有效发挥作用(对比例6-5),但添加量过高后,聚合过程中石墨烯发生还原进而产生剧烈堆叠,形成团聚体,降低了可纺性(对比例6-6),因此需要控制氧化石墨烯添加量在合理范围内。
综上,将褶球状氧化石墨烯的添加量、碳氧比和其中氧化石墨烯的尺寸控制在合理范围,可以得到防紫外性能和阻燃性能优越的混纺织物。
实施例6-7:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为200℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为20-30微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,搅拌速度为140转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和10质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为270℃,纺丝速度为3000m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5倍,旦数为400D。
(5)将40份棉纤维、30份石墨烯/PET复合纤维和10份氨纶纤维混纺,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物性能良好。
实施例6-8:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为20-30微米,碳氧比为5;;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的5.85质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1h,搅拌速度为200转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到 石墨烯/PET复合纤维。纺丝温度为285℃,纺丝速度为3600m/min,牵伸倍数为4倍,旦数为30D。
(5)将60份棉纤维、50石墨烯/PET复合纤维和20份氨纶纤维混纺,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物性能良好。
实施例7-1:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为1~3微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。挤出温度为280℃,卷绕速度为3600m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维,具体性能如表10,11所示。
实施例7-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。挤出温度为280℃,卷绕速度为3600m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维,具体性能如表10,11所示。
实施例7-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40~45微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌, 在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。挤出温度为280℃,卷绕速度为3600m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维,具体性能如表10,11所示。
实施例7-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为160℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.4质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。挤出温度为280℃,卷绕速度为3600m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维,具体性能如表10,11所示。
实施例7-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的1.17重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.3质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。挤出温度为280℃,卷绕速度为3600m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维,具体性能如表10,11所示。
实施例7-6:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的5.85质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.5质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。挤出温度为280℃,卷绕速度为3600m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维,具体性能如表10,11所示。
对比例7-1:
按照实施例1的方法制备PET,不同的是,制备过程中不添加褶球状氧化石墨烯。性能如表10,11所示。
对比例7-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为0.3~0.7微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.3质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。挤出温度为280℃,卷绕速度为3600m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维,具体性能如表10,11所示。
对比例7-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为70~80微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃ 并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。挤出温度为280℃,卷绕速度为3600m/min。
经以上步骤,发现纺丝板有堵塞现象,纺出的丝连续性不好,出现断丝的频率高。
对比例7-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为220℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为10;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。挤出温度为280℃,卷绕速度为3600m/min。
经以上步骤,发现纺丝板有堵塞现象,纺出的丝连续性不好,出现断丝的频率高。
对比例7-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为10~15微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的9.36质量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌2h,搅拌速度为160转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET复合板材。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0.2质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。挤出温度为280℃,卷绕速度为3600m/min。
经以上步骤,发现纺丝板有堵塞现象,纺出的丝连续性不好,出现断丝的频率高。
表10 实施例具体参数
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000011
表11 实施例的具体性能
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000012
分析对比例7-1、对比例7-2、实施例7-1、实施例7-2、实施例7-3和对比例7-3可以发现,在保持氧化石墨烯碳氧比和添加量不变的情况下,选择合适的氧化石墨烯尺寸范围可得到性能最优的复合纤维。对比例7-2的氧化石墨烯的尺寸过小,本身不能作为有效的增强材料,而对比例3的氧化石墨烯尺寸过大,在加入聚合体系中后不能有效展开为片状氧化石墨烯,只能作为褶球形填充体对复合材料进行增强,导致材料的可纺性和连续性明显下降。而在1~50微米的尺寸范围内,随着尺寸增加,氧化石墨烯能更加有效地起到增强作用。
分析对比例7-1、实施例7-2、实施例7-4、对比例7-4可以发现,碳氧比增大,复合纤维的各项指标均上升,这是由于碳氧比上升,石墨烯的缺陷少,本身的性能更优,从而使复合材料的表现更好。但是碳氧比不能过高,否则氧化石墨烯片间的结合力过强,聚合时仍保持堆叠状态,堵塞纺丝孔,难以连续生产(对比例7-4)。
分析对比例7-1、实施例7-2、实施例7-5、实施例7-6、对比例7-5可以发现,氧化石墨烯的加入量增大,复合纤维的力学性能、防紫外性能和阻燃性能均明显上升。加入过多氧化石墨烯后,还原过程中石墨烯发生剧烈堆叠,形成团聚体,降低了可纺性(对比例7-5)。
实施例7-7:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为200℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为20-30微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1h,搅拌速度为200转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和10质量份抗氧化剂混合均匀,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。挤出温度为280℃,卷绕速度为3000m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维性能良好。
实施例7-8:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为200℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为20-30微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100质量份对苯二甲酸、53质量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应至无水产生;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018质量份乙二醇锑加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,搅拌速度为140转/分,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
(4)将100质量份石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。挤出温度为285℃,卷绕速度为4800m/min。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维性能良好。
实施例8-1:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为180℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40~50微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、72重量份丁二醇、0.02重量份钛酸四丁酯充分混合搅拌,在235℃下进行酯化反应至无水生成;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的8重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.02重量份钛酸四丁酯加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,之后升温至255℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PBT纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PBT纳米复合材料,如图7所示。
此外,通过大量比对试验发现,氧化石墨烯的尺寸(1~50微米),碳氧比(2.5-5)、雾化干燥的温度(130~200℃)以及氧化石墨烯在整个体系中的比例,均是获得分散均匀,性 能优越的石墨烯/PBT复合材料的必要条件,其拉伸强度相比纯PBT提升5%以上,模量提升10%以上,电阻率在10 7~10 3Ωm,经纺丝、织造为织物后其防紫外系数UPF高于40。而本实施例仅仅是进一步优选的结果,其拉伸强度和模量相比纯PBT分别提升25%和45%,电阻率为10 3Ωm,经纺丝、织造为织物后其防紫外系数UPF高于130。
实施例8-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为140℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40~50微米,碳氧比为3;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、63重量份丙二醇、0.02重量份钛酸四丁酯充分混合搅拌,在240℃下进行酯化反应至无水生成;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的8重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.02重量份钛酸四异丙酯加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,之后升温至260℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PBT纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PTT纳米复合材料。
此外,通过大量比对试验发现,氧化石墨烯的尺寸(1~50微米),碳氧比(2.5-5)、雾化干燥的温度(130~200℃)以及氧化石墨烯在整个体系中的比例,均是获得分散均匀,性能优越的石墨烯/PTT复合材料的必要条件,其拉伸强度相比纯PTT提升5%以上,模量提升8%以上,电阻率在10 7~10 3Ωm,经纺丝、织造为织物后其防紫外系数UPF高于40。而本实施例仅仅是进一步优选的结果,其拉伸强度和模量相比纯PET分别提升20%和50%,电阻率为10 3Ωm,经纺丝、织造为织物后其防紫外系数UPF高于140。
实施例8-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为180℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40~50微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、132重量份1,4-环己烷二甲醇、0.01重量份钛酸四丁酯充分混合搅拌,在220℃下进行酯化反应至无水生成;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的7重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.03重量份钛酸四丁酯加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,之后升温至290℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PCT纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PCT纳米复合材料。
此外,通过大量比对试验发现,氧化石墨烯的尺寸(1~50微米),碳氧比(2.5-5)、雾化干燥的温度(130~200℃)以及氧化石墨烯在整个体系中的比例,均是获得分散均匀,性能优越的石墨烯/PCT复合材料,其拉伸强度相比纯PCT提升5%以上,模量提升10%以上,电阻率在10 7~10 3Ωm,经纺丝、织造为织物后其防紫外系数UPF高于40。而本实施例仅仅是进一步优选的结果,其拉伸强度和模量相比纯PCT分别提升18%和39%,电阻率为10 3 Ωm,经纺丝、织造为织物后其防紫外系数UPF高于145。
实施例8-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为180℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40~50微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、40重量份丁二醇、36重量份丙二醇、0.02重量份钛酸四丁酯充分混合搅拌,在240℃下进行酯化反应至无水生成;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的8重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.03重量份钛酸四丁酯加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,之后升温至260℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PBT纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PBT/PTT纳米复合材料。
此外,通过大量比对试验发现,氧化石墨烯的尺寸(1~50微米),碳氧比(2.5-5)、雾化干燥的温度(130~200℃)以及氧化石墨烯在整个体系中的比例,均是获得分散均匀,性能优越的石墨烯/PBT/PTT复合材料,其拉伸强度相比不添加石墨烯的PBT/PTT提升8%以上,模量提升12%以上,电阻率在10 7~10 3Ωm,经纺丝、织造为织物后其防紫外系数UPF高于30。而本实施例仅仅是进一步优选的结果,其拉伸强度和模量相比纯PBT分别提升27%和50%,电阻率为10 3Ωm,经纺丝、织造为织物后其防紫外系数UPF高于130。
实施例8-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为1~5微米,碳氧比为2.5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、125重量份1,4-环己烷二甲醇、0.02重量份钛酸四丁酯充分混合搅拌,在220℃下进行酯化反应至无水生成;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.5重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.1重量份钛酸四丁酯加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,之后升温至290℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PCT纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PCT纳米复合材料,其拉伸强度和模量相比纯PCT分别提升10%和15%,电阻率为10 6Ωm,经纺丝、织造为织物后其防紫外系数UPF高于50。
实施例8-6:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到氧化石墨烯微球,雾化温度为200℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为40~50微米,碳氧比为5;
(2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、76重量份丁二醇、0.03重量份钛酸四丁酯充分混合搅拌,在235℃下进行酯化反应至无水生成;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的0.1重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.05重量份钛酸四丁酯加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌3h,之后升温至255℃并抽真空,反应进行至体 系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PBT纳米复合材料。
经以上步骤,得到石墨烯/PBT纳米复合材料,其拉伸强度和模量相比纯PBT分别提升15%和25%,电阻率为10 7Ωm,经纺丝、织造为织物后其防紫外系数UPF高于40。
实施例9-1:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片尺寸为0.3~5微米,平均尺寸为1微米,碳氧比为5,含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将3.5质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和2质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250‐270℃,在0.5‐1MPa下反应3小时;然后在真空下反应4小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
以该材料进行高速纺丝,得到丝卷。由于较高的石墨烯添加量,该丝具有高度的抗紫外性能,且具有极低的渗流阈值。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的性能见附表12。
实施例9-2:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为1~20微米,平均尺寸为10微米,碳氧比为4.2,含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将2质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和2质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250‐270℃,在0.5‐1MPa下反应3小时;然后在真空下反应4小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的性能见附表12。
实施例9-3:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为1~40微米,平均尺寸为20微米,碳氧比为3.9,含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将0.5质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和2质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250‐270℃,在0.5‐1MPa下反应3小时;然后在真空下反应4小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒 得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的性能见附表12。
实施例9-4:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温度为150℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为20~50微米,平均尺寸为40微米,碳氧比为3,含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将0.2质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和1.5质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250‐270℃,在0.5‐1MPa下反应3小时;然后在真空下反应4小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的性能见附表12。
实施例9-5:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温度为160℃,氧化石墨烯片的平均尺寸为50微米,碳氧比为2.5,含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将0.01质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和1质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250‐270℃,在0.5‐1MPa下反应3小时;然后在真空下反应4小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的性能见附表12。
实施例9-6:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为1~20微米,平均尺寸为15微米,碳氧比为3.9,含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将0.005质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和1质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250‐270℃,在0.5‐1MPa下反应3小时;然后在真空下反应4小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的性能见附表13。
实施例9-7:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温 度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为1~20微米,平均尺寸为15微米,碳氧比为3.9,含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将4质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和3质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250‐270℃,在0.5‐1MPa下反应3小时;然后在真空下反应4小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的性能见附表13。
实施例9-8:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为0.1~0.8微米,平均尺寸为0.5微米,碳氧比为3.9,含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将0.2质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和1质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250‐270℃,在0.5‐1MPa下反应3小时;然后在真空下反应4小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的性能见附表13。
实施例9-9:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为80~120微米,平均尺寸为100微米,碳氧比为3.9,
含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将0.2质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和2质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250‐270℃,在0.5‐1MPa下反应3小时;然后在真空下反应4小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的性能见附表13。
实施例9-10:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为0.1~0.8微米,平均尺寸为15微米,碳氧比为1.7,含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将0.2质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和2质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺 熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250‐270℃,在0.5‐1MPa下反应3小时;然后在真空下反应4小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的性能见附表13。
实施例9-11:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸为0.1~0.8微米,平均尺寸为15微米,碳氧比为6.5,含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将0.2质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和2质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250‐270℃,在0.5‐1MPa下反应3小时;然后在真空下反应4小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的性能见附表13。
为了系统说明本发明所得石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料相比纯尼龙6材料各项综合性能的提升效果,将上述9-1~9-5实施例所得复合材料的机械性能、耐高温性能、耐紫外老化性能列于附表12进行对比。附表13对比了使用超出本发明所述石墨烯技术参数的石墨烯所得的石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料(实施例9-6~9-11)与较优配方所得的复合材料(实施例9-3)的性能。
表12
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000014
表13
Figure PCTCN2018077169-appb-000015
实施例9-12:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的平均尺寸为5微米,碳氧比为3.9,含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将0.2质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和2质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)将上述分散液在VK管中连续聚合,聚合温度为260℃,聚合时间为20h,将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6复合材料具有良好的性能。
实施例9-13:
(1)通过雾化干燥法将单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,雾化温度为130℃,氧化石墨烯片的平均尺寸为3微米,碳氧比为2.5,含水率小于0.1%;
(2)将1质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和2质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(400rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
(3)将上述分散液在VK管中连续聚合,聚合温度为260℃,聚合时间为20h,将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
所得石墨烯/尼龙6复合材料具有良好的性能。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料,其特征在于,由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,所述石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
  2. 一种石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,由以下步骤制备进行:
    (1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
    (2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02重量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
    (3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117~5.85重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
  3. 一种帘子线用石墨烯涤纶复合纤维,其特征在于,所述纤维由石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料经干燥、预结晶、固相缩聚、冷却、高速熔融纺丝得到;所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的复合纤维,其特征在于,所述干燥温度为170~180℃,预结晶温度为175~185℃,固相缩聚温度为210~220℃,固相缩聚后的特性粘度为0.9~1.2,冷却温度为60~80℃,纺丝温度为270~290℃,卷绕速度为3000~5000m/min,牵伸比为1.5~4。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的复合纤维,其特征在于,石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由以下步骤制备进行:
    (1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~10微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
    (2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
    (3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117~1.17重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
  6. 一种多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物,其特征在于,所述复合织物由100质量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10份的助剂混合后,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹、织布、染色、后整理得到;所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的复合织物,其特征在于,石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由以下步骤制备进行:
    (1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状 氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
    (2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
    (3)将步骤(1)得到的0.585~5.85重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述纺丝的温度为270~290℃,纺丝速度为3000~5000m/min,牵伸倍数为1.5~4倍;所得纤维旦数为30~600D;织布方法为采用有梭织机或无梭织机进行编织。
  9. 一种多功能石墨烯/PET复合膜,其特征在于,所述复合膜由100质量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10份的助剂共同熔融流延成膜得到;所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
  10. 一种多功能石墨烯/PET复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法为:将100重量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10重量份的助剂混合均匀后,经熔融流延,即得到本发明多功能石墨烯/PET复合膜。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由以下步骤制备进行:
    (1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
    (2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
    (3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117~5.85重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述助剂由抗氧化剂、无机填充剂、增韧剂、光泽改善助剂中的一种或多种按照任意配比组成;所述熔融挤出温度为250~280℃,螺杆转速为40~300rpm,牵引速度为1~50m/min。
  13. 一种高强度耐熔滴的石墨烯/PET复合板材,其特征在于,所述复合板材由100质量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10份的助剂共同熔融挤出得到;所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
  14. 一种高强度耐熔滴的石墨烯/PET复合板材的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法为:将100重量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10重量份的助剂混合均匀后,经熔融挤出,即得到耐高温抗熔滴的石墨烯/PET复合板材。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由以下步骤制备进行:
    (1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
    (2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
    (3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117~5.85重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述助剂由抗氧化剂、无机填充剂、增韧剂、光泽改善助剂中的一种或多种按照任意配比组成;所述熔融挤出温度为230~260℃,螺杆转速为30-90rpm,牵引速度为0.15~6m/min。
  17. 一种石墨烯改性的涤纶混纺织物,其特征在于,所述该混纺织物是由40~60质量份棉纤维、30~50质量份石墨烯/PET复合纤维和10~20质量份其他纤维经混纺得到。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的混纺织物,其特征在于,所述石墨烯/PET复合纤维是由石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0-10重量份的助剂混合后,经高速熔融纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、加弹得到;所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的混纺织物,其特征在于,所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由以下步骤制备进行:
    (1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
    (2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
    (3)将步骤(1)得到的0.117~5.85重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
  20. 一种石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维,其特征在于,所述纤维由100质量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10份的助剂混合后,经纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸、卷绕得到;所述石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由单层石墨烯片和PET组成,石墨烯片表面与PET分子通过共价键相连。
  21. 一种石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法为:将100重量份的石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料和0~10重量份的助剂混合均匀后,经熔融挤出,即 得到石墨烯改性的阻燃防紫外涤纶纤维。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料由以下步骤制备进行:
    (1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
    (2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、48~67重量份乙二醇、0.02质量份醋酸钠充分混合搅拌,在250℃下进行酯化反应;
    (3)将步骤(1)得到的0.0117~5.85重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.018重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至285℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料。
  23. 根据权利要求2、5、7、11、15、19、21任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)的雾化干燥温度为130~200℃。
  24. 根据权利要求2、5、7、11、15、19、21任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中搅拌速度为140~200转/分。
  25. 根据权利要求2、5、7、11、15、19、21任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锑系催化剂,包括锑的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物;或为钛系催化剂,包括钛的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物;或为锗系催化剂,包括锗的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物。
  26. 一种石墨烯/聚酯纳米复合材料,其特征在于,包括聚酯和均匀分散在聚酯中的单层石墨烯片,所述石墨烯片表面与聚酯分子通过共价键相连,聚酯分子选自聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT),聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),聚对苯二甲酸1,4-环己烷二甲酯(PCT)中的一种或多种。
  27. 一种石墨烯/聚酯纳米复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,由以下步骤制备进行:
    (1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
    (2)将100重量份对苯二甲酸、50~150重量份二醇、0.01~0.5重量份催化剂充分混合搅拌,在200~260℃下进行酯化反应至无水生成;
    (3)将步骤(1)得到的0.02~10重量份褶球状氧化石墨烯,与0.01~1重量份催化剂加入步骤(2)得到的酯化产物中,保温搅拌1~3h,之后升温至240~310℃并抽真空,反应进行至体系不再放热,水冷切粒得到石墨烯/聚酯纳米复合材料。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的二醇为丁二醇,添加量优选为60~76.8重量份;或为丙二醇,添加量优选为50~70重量份;或为1,4-环己烷二甲醇,添加量优选为121.4~147.5重量份。
  29. 根据权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中催化剂为钠、钛、铅、锡的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物中的一种或多种。
  30. 根据权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中催化剂为锑、钛、铅、锡的氧化物、无机盐和有机化合物中的一种或多种。
  31. 一种石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,按以下步骤进行:
    (1)通过雾化干燥法将尺寸为1~50微米的单层氧化石墨烯分散液干燥,得到褶球状氧化石墨烯,其碳氧比为2.5~5;
    (2)将0.01-3.5质量份的褶球状氧化石墨烯和1-3质量份去离子水加入100质量份的己内酰胺熔体中,在80℃下高速(300~500rpm)搅拌混匀形成分散液;
    (3)在间歇式反应设备或VK管中制备石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料:
    间歇式反应釜:
    在氮气保护下,将上述分散液加入缩聚反应釜,并升温至250-270℃,在0.5-1MPa下反应2-4小时;然后在真空下反应4-6小时,得到聚合物熔体;最后将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料;
    VK管:
    将上述分散液在VK管中连续聚合,聚合温度为260℃,聚合时间为20h,将聚合物熔体经水冷造粒得到石墨烯/尼龙6纳米复合材料。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述雾化干燥的温度为130~160℃。
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