WO2018221438A1 - 導電性高分子固体電解コンデンサの製造方法及び導電性高分子 - Google Patents
導電性高分子固体電解コンデンサの製造方法及び導電性高分子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018221438A1 WO2018221438A1 PCT/JP2018/020297 JP2018020297W WO2018221438A1 WO 2018221438 A1 WO2018221438 A1 WO 2018221438A1 JP 2018020297 W JP2018020297 W JP 2018020297W WO 2018221438 A1 WO2018221438 A1 WO 2018221438A1
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- Prior art keywords
- conductive polymer
- ring
- group
- dopant
- electrolytic capacitor
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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Images
Classifications
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- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G16/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers not provided for in the groups C08G4/00 - C08G14/00
- C08G16/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers not provided for in the groups C08G4/00 - C08G14/00 of aldehydes
- C08G16/025—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers not provided for in the groups C08G4/00 - C08G14/00 of aldehydes with heterocyclic organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D165/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
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- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
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- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
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- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/322—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
- C08G2261/3223—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more sulfur atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. thiophene
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- C08G2261/33—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating non-aromatic structural elements in the main chain
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- H01G9/004—Details
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- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/052—Sintered electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a conductive polymer solid electrolytic capacitor and a conductive polymer.
- Capacitors are a type of electronic component used in various electronic devices such as personal computers and mobile phones, and basically have a structure in which a dielectric is sandwiched between two opposing electrode plates. When a voltage is applied, charges are stored in each electrode by the polarization action of the dielectric.
- capacitors There are various types of capacitors. For example, aluminum electrolytic capacitors, multilayer ceramic capacitors, tantalum electrolytic capacitors, film capacitors, and the like are known. In recent years, as electronic devices have become smaller, lighter, and more functional, smaller and higher-capacity capacitors have been demanded, and research has been actively conducted to improve the performance of capacitors.
- the conductive polymer has a conjugated structure and a combination of a main skeleton capable of electron transfer and a dopant for imparting electron or hole carriers in the expanded conjugate to the main skeleton.
- a skeleton having a chemical structure in which a ⁇ -electron conjugated system is developed such as a polymer such as 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), pyrrole, and aniline, is generally used.
- EDOT 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene
- pyrrole pyrrole
- aniline aniline
- dopants such as inorganic Lewis acids and organic proton acids. Of these, sulfonic acid compounds are generally used as organic protonic acids.
- EDOT is polymerized using polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) as a dispersant and a dopant, and a PEDOT / PSS aqueous dispersion having a particle diameter of about several tens of nanometers is impregnated into a porous metal element to perform electrolysis.
- PSS polystyrene sulfonic acid
- Patent Document 2 discloses a conductive polymer capable of adjusting the ionization potential by using a conductive polymer obtained by polymerizing various EDOT derivatives using PSS as a dopant.
- This invention is made
- a dispersion liquid in which a conductive polymer containing at least one of the structural units represented by the following general formula (1) or the following general formula (2) is dispersed in a non-aqueous solvent is used.
- a solvent removal step of forming a solid electrolyte covering the surface of the conductive polymer solid electrolytic capacitor.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and 1 to 12 carbon atoms having 1 to 50 repeating units.
- alkylene oxide group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, .A representing an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or an optionally substituted fused ring group - is derived from the dopant
- An anion, n is 2 or more and 300 or less.
- the inventors of the present invention can easily impregnate the pores of the porous body with the dispersion containing the conductive polymer by using the above-described method for producing a conductive polymer solid electrolytic capacitor, resulting in a capacity appearance rate. It has been found that an excellent conductive polymer solid electrolytic capacitor can be produced, and the present invention has been completed.
- a conductive polymer solid electrolytic capacitor 1 obtained by the method for producing a conductive polymer solid electrolytic capacitor of the present invention has an electrode material that forms a porous body as an anode 2 and is porous.
- the oxide thin film obtained by oxidizing the surface of the material acts as the dielectric 3, and the conductive polymer filled in the pores of the porous material acts as the cathode 4.
- the capacity appearance rate is represented by the following formula.
- Capacitance (1) measured with the pores of the porous body filled with an electrolytic solution (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.) and actual capacitance measured after the solid electrolyte is introduced into the pores of the porous body It is the ratio of (2).
- Capacity appearance rate (%) (2) / (1) ⁇ 100 Therefore, a high capacity appearance rate means that the pores of the porous body are filled with many solid electrolytes (conductive polymer in the present invention), and the obtained solid electrolytic capacitor is the capacitance of the electrode. Indicates that it is fully drawn out.
- the average pore diameter of the porous body is 0.03 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the electrode material comprises tantalum, niobium or an alloy thereof.
- the dopant includes at least one atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, fluorine, and nitrogen. Preferably, 20% by mass or more of the dopant has 1 to 10 anions in one molecule of the dopant.
- At least one of the structural units represented by the following general formula (1) or the following general formula (2) is included, and the dopant is a sulfonic acid derivative, a boronic acid derivative, or a carvone.
- a conductive polymer including at least one selected from the group consisting of an acid derivative and a phosphoric acid derivative.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and 1 to 12 carbon atoms having 1 to 50 repeating units.
- alkylene oxide group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, .A representing an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or an optionally substituted fused ring group - is derived from the dopant
- An anion, n is 2 or more and 300 or less.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a partial structure of a conductive polymer solid electrolytic capacitor obtained by the production method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of measuring the pore diameter of the porous body used in the evaluation of the capacity appearance rate.
- the method for producing a conductive polymer solid electrolytic capacitor of the present invention includes the above-described conductive polymer introduction step and solvent removal step. Each of these steps is preferably performed a plurality of times such as 2 times or more, 3 times or more, 4 times or more from the viewpoint of sufficiently filling the pores of the porous body with the conductive polymer.
- Conductive polymer introduction step (1) Conductive polymer
- the conductive polymer used in the present invention includes at least one of the structural units represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2). Since a ⁇ -conjugated system is developed, it is suitable for the main skeleton of a conductive polymer.
- R 1 in the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 50 carbon atoms having 1 to 50 repeating units.
- a phenyl group having a substituent at the 2,6-position can be more preferably used.
- Examples of the optional substituent include an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkylene oxide group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, Examples thereof include naphthyl groups, hydroxy groups, halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, aldehyde groups, amino groups, and cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- heterocyclic group examples include silole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, oxazole ring, pyrrole ring, pyridine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, triazine ring, oxadiazole ring, triazole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole.
- Examples of the condensed ring include naphthalene ring, azulene ring, anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, pyrene ring, chrysene ring, naphthacene ring, triphenylene ring, acenaphthene ring, coronene ring, fluorene ring, fluoranthrene ring, pentacene ring, perylene ring. , Pentaphen ring, picene ring, pyranthrene ring, and the like.
- Examples of the optional substituent include an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkylene oxide group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, Examples thereof include naphthyl groups, hydroxy groups, halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, aldehyde groups, amino groups, and cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the dopant is not particularly limited, but preferably includes at least one atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, fluorine, and nitrogen, for example, and is a group consisting of a sulfonic acid derivative, a boronic acid derivative, a carboxylic acid derivative, and a phosphoric acid derivative. More preferably, it is at least one selected from.
- dopants include polyanions such as polystyrene sulfonic acid, poly-2-sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate, poly-3-propylsulfo (meth) acrylate and copolymers thereof, or alkali metal salts thereof, p-toluenesulfone, and the like.
- the dopant preferably contains those having an anion number of 1 or more and 10 or less in one molecule of the dopant. It is more preferable that it contains 1 or 2, more preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 1 or more.
- the dopant may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content rate of the dopant component whose number of anions in 1 molecule of dopant is 1-10 is 20 mass%, 30 mass%, 40 mass%, 50 mass%, 80 mass%, for example. 100 mass%, etc., and may be within the range between any two of these numerical values, preferably 20 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less, more preferably 30 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less. More preferably, it is 50 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less.
- the number of structural units (1) and (2) that the conductive polymer has is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 or more and 300 or less. Specifically, for example, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200 or 300, and within the range between any two of the numerical values exemplified here It may be.
- the conductivity of the conductive polymer is preferably 0.01 S / cm or more and 1000 S / cm or less, for example, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 S / cm, etc., and may be in the range between any two of the numerical values exemplified here.
- the method for synthesizing the conductive polymer is not particularly limited. For example, heating is performed in a solvent under an inert gas atmosphere by adding a dopant and an oxidizing agent to 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and an aldehyde. It can be obtained by condensation polymerization and / or oxidative polymerization by stirring. An oxidant decomposition accelerator may be added.
- the oxidizing agent is not particularly limited, and may be any oxidizing agent that allows a polymerization reaction to proceed.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as the condensation reaction of the heterocyclic compound and the aldehyde derivative proceeds.
- Alcohol solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, glycol solvents such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether And lactic acid solvents such as methyl lactate and ethyl lactate.
- the solvent used for the synthesis of the conductive polymer may be the same as or different from the solvent used in the conductive polymer introduction step, and may not be
- the content ratio of the structural units (1) and (2) contained in the conductive polymer according to the present invention can be adjusted by the ratio of the addition amount of EDOT and aldehyde.
- the molar ratio EDOT / aldehyde of the addition amount of EDOT and aldehyde is, for example, 1/1, 2/1, 3/1, 4/1, 5/1, etc., and is within the range between any two of these numerical values.
- a ratio of 1/1 to 4/1 is preferable, and a ratio of 1/1 to 2/1 is more preferable.
- Nonaqueous solvent used for this invention disperses
- the non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can disperse the conductive polymer, but alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and butanol, and ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone.
- Solvents such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, lactic acid solvents such as methyl lactate and ethyl lactate, toluene, ethyl acetate, propylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, Examples include isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, benzyl alcohol, propylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, methyl ethyl Ketone, toluene, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, benzyl alcohol and the like are particularly preferable.
- a plurality of solvents may be used in combination.
- Dispersion The dispersion is obtained by dispersing the above conductive polymer in a non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-volatile content excluding the solvent component in the dispersion is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1.0% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less. Specifically, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 mass%, etc. It may be within a range between any two of the numerical values exemplified here.
- the average particle diameter of the conductive polymer in the dispersion is preferably smaller from the viewpoint of easy introduction of the conductive polymer into the pores of the porous body.
- D10 is 0.1 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 3 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 25 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, etc., and may be within a range between any two of these numerical values.
- D50 is 0.1 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 3 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 40 nm, 55 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, etc., and may be within the range between any two of these numbers.
- D90 is 0.1 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 40 nm, 85 nm, 100 nm, 120 nm, etc., and may be within the range between any two of these numbers.
- D90 / D10 which is the ratio of D90 and D10, is 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, etc., and the range between any two of these numbers It may be within.
- Porous body used in the present invention includes an electrode substance that is a sintered body of particles and a dielectric that covers the surface of the electrode substance.
- the electrode material for example, those containing aluminum, tantalum, niobium or their alloys can be used, but those containing tantalum, niobium or their alloys are preferable from the viewpoint of using a porous material having smaller pores. .
- the average particle diameter of the electrode material particles is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.03 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of preventing weak bonding between particles when sintered, and the pores of the porous body are made small. Therefore, the thickness is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the electrode material particles is, for example, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.00. 8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0 ⁇ m, etc., and may be within a range between any two of these numerical values.
- a method for producing a sintered body of particles is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method in which particles are once compressed on a pellet and then heated and sintered.
- a tantalum sintered element can be manufactured according to the test conditions of 100 kCV powder specified in Table 1 of the RC-2361A “Testing Method for Tantalum Sintered Element for Tantalum Electrolytic Capacitors”
- the average pore diameter of the porous body is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.03 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or less, for example, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0 ⁇ m, etc. It may be within a range between any two of the exemplified numerical values.
- a CV value ( ⁇ F ⁇ V / g) is used as an index for evaluating the electrical characteristics of an electrode material for a capacitor.
- the CV value of the electrode material is, for example, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 kCV / g, etc., and may be within a range between any two of the numerical values exemplified here.
- the thickness of the dielectric is preferably thin from the viewpoint of increasing the CV value, but is preferably not too thin from the viewpoint of preventing dielectric breakdown.
- the film pressure of the dielectric is, for example, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 nm, etc., and may be in a range between any two of the numerical values exemplified here.
- the dielectric used in the present invention is an oxide thin film obtained by oxidizing the surface of the electrode material.
- the method for oxidizing the surface of the electrode material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of applying an voltage to an anodic oxidation treatment in an aqueous solution containing a weak acid such as phosphoric acid.
- porous body As a method for impregnating the porous body with the dispersion, it is common to immerse the porous body, but examples thereof include a method of increasing or decreasing the pressure, and applying vibration, ultrasonic waves, or heat.
- solvent removal step In the solvent removal step according to the present invention, at least a part of the nonaqueous solvent is removed to form a solid electrolyte that covers the surface of the porous body.
- the method for removing the solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a drying method, a heating method, and a combination thereof.
- Examples of the heating method include a method of holding in a heating chamber and a method of contacting with a hot plate.
- the heating temperature is preferably 350 ° C. or less, more preferably 250 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of preventing the porous body from being modified, and preferably 100 ° C. or more, more preferably 120 ° C. or more from the viewpoint of quickly removing the solvent. .
- azobisisobutyronitrile was charged into a 0.2 g flask, and the polymerization reaction was carried out for 18 hours while maintaining 70 ° C. to obtain a polymer solution.
- the total amount of the polymer solution obtained was transferred to a 2 L beaker, and 600 g of isopropyl alcohol was added while stirring with a stirrer. Thereafter, when the stirring was stopped, a precipitate was obtained. It was filtered under reduced pressure, and the residue was dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours, and then pulverized in a mortar to obtain a polymer compound powder.
- the entire reaction solution is transferred to an evaporator, heated and distilled under reduced pressure until the reaction solution volume reaches 50 g, the reaction solution is filtered under reduced pressure, and the residue is transferred to a 0.5 L beaker.
- 50 g of exchange water was added, stirred for 30 minutes with a stirrer, and filtered again under reduced pressure to perform water washing. The same water washing was further repeated three times, then the residue was transferred to a 0.5 L beaker, 50 g of n-hexane was added, and the mixture was stirred and mixed for 30 minutes, followed by vacuum filtration.
- the residue was dried under reduced pressure at 70 ° C.
- a conductive polymer using a (meth) copolymer as a dopant 1.0 g of this conductive polymer was put into a mixed solvent of 80 g of methanol and 20 g of benzyl alcohol, and stirred and dispersed at room temperature to obtain dispersion P.
- Dispersions A to P were each applied to a glass substrate in a size of 2 cm ⁇ 2 cm, and then dried at 150 ° C. to form a 5 ⁇ m thin film. Thereafter, the conductivity of each thin film was measured using a resistivity meter (Loresta GP, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech). The results are shown in Table 1.
- the porous body was immersed in dispersions A to P to impregnate with a conductive polymer, and then dried at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes to remove the solvent.
- the steps of immersing the dispersions A to P and the drying step were repeated four times, and then silver-coated conductive polymer solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were applied.
- EDOT 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene
- PTSFe.nH 2 O paratoluenesulfonic acid iron hydrate
- PC propylene carbonate
- ⁇ -BL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- MEK methyl ethyl ketone
- EG ethylene glycol DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide
- MeOH methanol
- BzOH benzyl alcohol
- BF4 boron tetrafluoride
- PTS paratoluenesulfonic acid
- PSS Polystyrene sulfonic acid
- a conductive polymer solid electrolytic capacitor having an excellent capacity appearance rate of 90% or more could be obtained by the method for manufacturing a conductive polymer solid electrolytic capacitor of the present invention.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 using different conductive polymer solvents and Comparative Example 4 in which a 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) single molecule was reacted inside the capacitor were Example 1 of the present application. Compared to -15, the capacity appearance rate was inferior.
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Abstract
Description
(一般式(1)及び(2)中、R1は、炭素数1以上12以下のアルキル基、炭素数1以上12以下のアルコキシ基、繰り返し単位が1以上50以下の炭素数1以上12以下のアルキレンオキサイド基、置換基を有してもよいフェニル基、置換基を有してもよい複素環基、又は置換基を有してもよい縮合環基を表す。A‐は、ドーパント由来のアニオンである。nは、2以上300以下である。)
容量出現率(%)=(2)/(1)×100
したがって、容量出現率が高いということは、多孔質体の細孔が多くの固体電解質(本発明においては導電性高分子)で満たされており、得られた固体電解コンデンサが電極の静電容量を十分に引き出していることを示している。
好ましくは、多孔質体の平均の細孔径が、0.03μm以上5.0μm以下である。
好ましくは、電極物質がタンタル、ニオブ又はそれらの合金を含む。
好ましくは、ドーパントが、酸素、フッ素、及び窒素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの原子を含む。
好ましくは、ドーパントの20質量%以上が、ドーパント1分子中のアニオン数が1以上10以下である。
(1) 導電性高分子
本発明に用いる導電性高分子は、一般式(1)又は一般式(2)で表される構成単位のいずれか1つを少なくとも含むことによりπ共役系が発達しているため、導電性高分子の主骨格に好適である。
任意の置換基としては例えば、炭素数1以上12以下のアルキル基、炭素数1以上12以下のアルコキシ基、繰り返し単位が1以上50以下の炭素数1以上12以下のアルキレンオキサイド基、フェニル基、ナフチル基、ヒドロキシ基、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素等のハロゲン、アルデヒド基、アミノ基、炭素数3以上8以下のシクロアルキル基等があげられる。
本発明に用いる非水溶媒は、導電性高分子を分散させ、得られた分散液を多孔質体に含浸するものである。
分散液は、上記の導電性高分子を非水溶媒に分散させたものである。
本発明に用いる多孔質体は、粒子の焼結体である電極物質及び該電極物質の表面を被覆する誘電体を含むものである。
ここで、コンデンサが蓄えることができる単位電圧当たりの電荷容量Cは、
C=(ε・S)/t
であり、S:電極面積(m2)、t:電極間距離(m)、ε:誘電率(F/m)で表わされる。そのため、電荷容量Cは、電極面積Sが大きいほど、電極間距離tが小さいほど、また、誘電率εが高いほど、大きくなる。したがって、CV値を高めるためには、電極物質を多孔質体にする等して電極面積Sを大きくするか、誘電体をより薄くする等して電極間距離tを小さくすることが有効である。
本発明に係る溶媒除去工程は、非水溶媒の少なくとも一部を除去し、前記多孔質体の表面を被覆する固体電解質を形成するものである。
(製造例1)
1Lフラスコにプロピレンカーボネート300g、3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン(EDOT)4.5g、PTS・H2O(パラトルエンスルホン酸1水和物)3.6gを加えて30min撹拌した。次いで、窒素パージ下、トリスパラトルエンスルホン酸鉄(III)(Fe(PTS)3)0.06g、2、4、6-トリメチルベンズアルデヒド2.4g、過酸化ベンゾイル(純度75質量%、日本油脂製)12gを加え40℃にて20時間撹拌した。次いで、イオン交換樹脂のレバチット(登録商標)MP62WS(ランクセス製)1gとレバチット(登録商標)モノプラスS108H(ランクセス製)1gを加えて5時間撹拌し、濾過した。得られた濾液を超音波ホモジナイザーにて処理し、不揮発分2.4質量%の導電性高分子のプロピレンカーボネート分散液Aを得た。
製造例1の2、4、6-トリメチルベンズアルデヒド2.4gを、2、6-ジクロロベンズアルデヒド2.8gに変更した以外は同じ手順で不揮発分2.6質量%の導電性高分子のプロピレンカーボネート分散液Bを得た。
製造例1の2、4、6-トリメチルベンズアルデヒド2.4gを、ブチルアルデヒド0.58gに変更した以外は同じ手順で不揮発分2.1質量%の導電性高分子のプロピレンカーボネート分散液Cを得た。
製造例1の2、4、6-トリメチルベンズアルデヒド2.4gを、ベンズアルデヒド0.85gに変更した以外は同じ手順で不揮発分2.1質量%の導電性高分子のプロピレンカーボネート分散液Dを得た。
1Lフラスコに、アセトニトリル200g、2、6-ジクロロベンズアルデヒド3.5gを加え、30min窒素パージを行い、80℃まで昇温した。次にテトラフルオロホウ酸銅水和物を6.2g加え、均質溶液になるまで撹拌し、次いでEDOT2.8gを添加し1時間撹拌した。さらにテトラフルオロホウ酸銅水和物を6.2g加え4時間撹拌した。フラスコにメタノール200gを加え固形物を十分に析出させたのち、ADVANTEC 4A濾紙(JIS P 3801)にて吸引濾過し、濾液が透明になるまで残渣をメタノールで洗浄した。その後、40℃で残渣を乾燥し、導電性高分子粉末Eを5.2g得た。
導電性高分子E0.13gにプロピレンカーボネート9.87gを加えて撹拌し、超音波ホモジナイザーにて分散し、不揮発分1.3質量%の導電性高分子のプロピレンカーボネート分散液Eを得た。
製造例2のPTS・H2Oを、トリフルオロメタンスルホンイミド2.2gに変更した以外は同じ手順で不揮発分2.3質量%の導電性高分子のプロピレンカーボネート分散液Fを得た。
製造例2のPTS・H2Oを、トリフルオロ酢酸1.8gに変更した以外は同じ手順で不揮発分2.3質量%の導電性高分子のプロピレンカーボネート分散液Gを得た。
製造例2のPTS・H2Oを、ヘキサフルオロリン酸55質量%水溶液4.2gに変更した以外は同じ手順で不揮発分2.3質量%の導電性高分子のプロピレンカーボネート分散液Hを得た。
製造例2のPTS・H2Oを、ポリスチレンスルホン酸(PSS)水溶液18質量%(アクゾノーベル製)10g及びPTS・H2O1.8gに変更した以外は同じ手順で不揮発分2.5質量%の導電性高分子のプロピレンカーボネート分散液Iを得た。
製造例1のプロピレンカーボネートをγ-ブチロラクトン(γ-BL)に変更した以外は同じ手順で不揮発分2.5質量%の導電性高分子のγ-ブチロラクトン分散液Jを得た。
製造例1で製造した液A82gに、メチルエチルケトンを20g加えて撹拌し、不揮発分2.0質量%の分散液Kを得た。
製造例1で製造した液A82gに、トルエンを20g加えて撹拌し、不揮発分2.0質量%の分散液Lを得た。
製造例1で製造した液A51.2gに、イソプロピルアルコール50gを加えて撹拌し、不揮発分1.3質量%の分散液Mを得た。
製造例1で製造した液A51.2gに、エチレングリコールを50g加えて撹拌し、不揮発分1.3質量%の分散液Nを得た。
AGFA製 Orgacon ICP1050(PEDOT/PSS)を超音波ホモジナイザーで処理し、全量に対してDMSO5wt%を加えて撹拌し、不揮発分1.2w%の分散液Oを得た。
撹拌機、窒素ガス導入管、環流冷却器、投入口および温度計を備えた容量1Lの四つ口フラスコに、2-(メタクリロイルオキシ)エタンスルホン酸ナトリウムを78.0g、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートを15.0g、2-エチルヘキシルメタクリレートを7.0g、イオン交換水を200g、イソプロピルアルコールを150g投入した。フラスコ内に窒素ガスを導入しながら、フラスコ内の混合物を70℃まで昇温した。次いで、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルを0.2gフラスコ内に投入し、70℃を保ち、18時間重合反応を行ってポリマー溶液を得た。
得られたポリマー溶液の全量を、2Lのビーカーに移し、スターラーにより撹拌しながらイソプロピルアルコール600gを添加した。その後、撹拌を止めたところ沈殿物が得られた。それを減圧ろ過し、残渣を100℃で24時間乾燥した後、乳鉢で粉砕して高分子化合物の粉体を得た。
<粒子径の評価>
粒子径分布測定装置(Nanotrac UPA-UT151、日機装製)を用いて、光動的散乱法により分散液A~P中の体積平均粒子径、D10、D50、及びD90を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
<不揮発分の評価>
分散液A~Pを、ブリキシャーレに一定量測りとり150℃で3時間加熱し、各残存量の重量を測ることで、分散液A~P注の各不揮発分の割合を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
分散液A~Pをそれぞれガラス基板に2cm×2cmの大きさで塗布し、その後150℃で乾燥して5μmの薄膜を形成した。その後、抵抗率計(ロレスタGP,三菱ケミカルアナリテック製)を用いて、各薄膜の導電率を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
フッ化タンタル酸カリウムを希釈塩に添加し、前記希釈塩中のフッ化タンタル酸カリウムにナトリウムを作用させて製造した100kCVのタンタル粉末を、密度4.5g/cm3のペレットに成形し、その後真空度10-3Paで1200℃以上の温度で焼成して焼結体を作成した。その後、細孔分布測定装置(マイクロメリテックオートポアIII9400,島津製作所製)を用いて、水銀圧入法による細孔径を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
なお、実施例1の詳細な結果を図2に示す。実施例1の細孔は0.1~2μmの間で分布しており、平均細孔径は0.4μmであった。
100kCV/gのタンタル粉末を、密度4.5g/cm3のペレットに整形し、その後真空度10-3Paで1200℃以上の温度で焼成して焼結体を作成した。その後、リン酸電解質溶液中において20Vで処理することによって誘電体である酸化被膜を形成し、誘電体を含む多孔質体を得た。このタンタルペレットを41%硫酸に浸漬してLCRメーター(4263B,アジレント製)によって静電容量を測定した。(1)
また、3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン(EDOT)28g、PTSFe・nH2O(パラトルエンスルホン酸鉄水和物)67g、ブタノール100gを10℃以下に冷却しながら混合した。この溶液に誘電体を含む多孔質体を浸漬して含浸させ100℃にて20分間反応させると同時に溶媒を除去した。この浸漬して反応させる工程をそれぞれ4回繰り返し、その後、銀ペーストを塗布することで比較例4の銀コーティングした導電性高分子固体電解コンデンサを得た。
これらの導電性高分子固体電解コンデンサの端子に接続を行った後、LCRメーターによって静電容量を測定した。(2)
なお、容量出現率は、下記式によって算出した。その結果を表1に示す。
容量出現率(%)=(2)/(1)×100
γ-BL:γ-ブチロラクトン
MEK:メチルエチルケトン
To:トルエン
IPA:イソプロピルアルコール
EG:エチレングリコール
DMSO:ジメチルスルホキシド
MeOH:メタノール
BzOH:ベンジルアルコール
BF4:四フッ化ホウ素
PTS:パラトルエンスルホン酸
PSS:ポリスチレンスルホン酸
実施例1~15に示されるように、本発明の導電性高分子固体電解コンデンサの製造方法により、容量出現率が90%以上と優れる導電性高分子固体電解コンデンサを得ることができた。それに対して、異なる導電性高分子溶媒を用いた比較例1~3、及び3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン(EDOT)単分子をコンデンサ内部で反応させた比較例4では、本願の実施例1~15と比較して、容量出現率に劣る結果となった。
2 陽極
3 誘電体
4 陰極
Claims (6)
- 下記一般式(1)又は下記一般式(2)で表される構成単位のいずれか1つを少なくとも含む導電性高分子が非水溶媒に分散した分散液を、粒子の焼結体である電極物質及び該電極物質の表面を被覆する誘電体を含む多孔質体に含浸する導電性高分子導入工程と、
前記非水溶媒の少なくとも一部を除去し、前記多孔質体の表面を被覆する固体電解質を形成する溶媒除去工程と、
を有する、導電性高分子固体電解コンデンサの製造方法。
(一般式(1)及び(2)中、R1は、炭素数1以上12以下のアルキル基、炭素数1以上12以下のアルコキシ基、繰り返し単位が1以上50以下の炭素数1以上12以下のアルキレンオキサイド基、置換基を有してもよいフェニル基、置換基を有してもよい複素環基、又は置換基を有してもよい縮合環基を表す。A‐は、ドーパント由来のアニオンである。nは、2以上300以下である。) - 前記多孔質体の平均の細孔径が、0.03μm以上5.0μm以下である、請求項1に記載の導電性高分子固体電解コンデンサの製造方法。
- 前記電極物質がタンタル、ニオブ又はそれらの合金を含む、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の導電性高分子固体電解コンデンサの製造方法。
- 前記ドーパントが、酸素、フッ素、及び窒素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの原子を含むものである、請求項1~請求項3のいずれかに記載の導電性高分子固体電解コンデンサの製造方法。
- 前記ドーパントの20質量%以上が、ドーパント1分子中のアニオン数が1以上10以下である、請求項1~請求項4のいずれかに記載の導電性高分子固体電解コンデンサの製造方法。
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KR20220000463A (ko) * | 2020-06-26 | 2022-01-04 | 광주과학기술원 | 전도성 나노 다공성 멤브레인 및 이의 제조 방법 |
KR102400192B1 (ko) | 2020-06-26 | 2022-05-20 | 광주과학기술원 | 전도성 나노 다공성 멤브레인 및 이의 제조 방법 |
JP7558130B2 (ja) | 2021-08-27 | 2024-09-30 | 信越ポリマー株式会社 | キャパシタ及びその製造方法 |
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JP7100029B2 (ja) | 2022-07-12 |
TW201902979A (zh) | 2019-01-16 |
CN110622268B (zh) | 2023-03-28 |
JPWO2018221438A1 (ja) | 2020-04-09 |
EP3633702A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
CN110622268A (zh) | 2019-12-27 |
TWI760497B (zh) | 2022-04-11 |
EP3633702A4 (en) | 2020-06-24 |
KR20200015488A (ko) | 2020-02-12 |
KR102414097B1 (ko) | 2022-06-27 |
US20200118766A1 (en) | 2020-04-16 |
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