WO2018147373A1 - テトラカルボン酸二無水物、カルボニル化合物、ポリイミド前駆体樹脂及びポリイミド - Google Patents
テトラカルボン酸二無水物、カルボニル化合物、ポリイミド前駆体樹脂及びポリイミド Download PDFInfo
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/74—Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C69/753—Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring of polycyclic acids
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- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/93—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with a ring other than six-membered
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
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- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
- C08G73/105—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain with oxygen only in the diamino moiety
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1078—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the diamino moiety
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
- C07C2602/36—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having more than two atoms in common
- C07C2602/42—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having more than two atoms in common the bicyclo ring system containing seven carbon atoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a carbonyl compound, a polyimide precursor resin, and a polyimide.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride is useful as a raw material for producing a polyimide resin, an epoxy curing agent, and the like.
- aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides such as pyromellitic dianhydride have been mainly used as a raw material for polyimide resins used in the field of electronic equipment and the like. It was.
- polyimide obtained using such an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride for example, it has been conventionally sold by Toray DuPont as a material indispensable for advanced industries such as space and aviation. Polyimide (trade name “Kapton”) is widely known.
- polyimides obtained using conventional aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides have excellent physical properties in terms of heat resistance, but are colored (yellow to brown) and require transparency. It could not be used for optical purposes.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride as described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 can be used for producing a polyimide having sufficiently high light transmittance and sufficiently high heat resistance.
- it is required to further enhance the heat resistance while sufficiently maintaining optical characteristics (light transmittance). Therefore, in the field of polyimide, even when compared with a polyimide having sufficiently high light transmittance and sufficiently high heat resistance, such as obtained using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride described in Patent Document 1 above.
- the appearance of polyimide having higher heat resistance while being able to sufficiently maintain optical properties (light transmittance) is desired.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and can be used as a raw material monomer for producing a polyimide having a high level of heat resistance while having sufficient light transmittance.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride contains endo / At least one stereoisomer A selected from the group consisting of stereoisomer A1 having an exo-type structure and stereoisomer A2 having an exo / endo structure that is an enantiomer (enantiomer) thereof (described later) And steric isomer B having an endo / endo type structure (acid dianhydride (B) described later); and (the acid dianhydride (A)); Regarding the anhydrides, the structure of “endo / exo” and the structure of “exo / endo” are indistinguishable spectroscopically. Therefore, in this specification, acid dianhydrides having these structures are referred to together.
- Acid dianhydride (A) It expressed as).
- a compound having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the following general formula (1) and a compound having an exo / endo type steric structure which is an enantiomer thereof From at least one acid dianhydride (A) selected from the group consisting of and / or an acid dianhydride (B) having an endo / endo type steric structure represented by the following general formula (2) And a tetracarboxylic dianhydride such that the content of the acid dianhydride (B) with respect to the total amount of the acid dianhydrides (A) and (B) is 30 to 100 mol% in molar ratio.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention has the following general formula (1):
- each R 1 independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or bonded to the same carbon atom.
- the two R 1 groups together may form a methylidene group
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- At least one acid dianhydride (A) selected from the group consisting of a compound having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by formula (I) and a compound having an exo / endo type steric structure that is an enantiomer thereof, and / Or the following general formula (2):
- R 1, R 2, R 3 are each synonymous with R 1, R 2, R 3 in the formula (1).
- the carbonyl compound of the present invention has the following general formula (3):
- each R 1 independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or bonded to the same carbon atom.
- the two R 1 groups together may form a methylidene group
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or 7 to 7 carbon atoms.
- the polyimide of the present invention has the following general formula (5):
- each R 1 independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or bonded to the same carbon atom.
- the two R 1 groups together may form a methylidene group
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- At least one repeating unit (A) selected from the group consisting of a structural unit having an endo / exo type steric structure and a structural unit having an exo / endo type steric structure which is an enantiomer thereof, and / Or the following general formula (6):
- R 1, R 2, R 3, R 5 is the same meaning as R 1, R 2, R 3 , R 5 in the formula (5).
- the polyimide precursor resin of the present invention has the following general formula (7):
- each R 1 independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or bonded to the same carbon atom.
- the two R 1 groups together may form a methylidene group
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms
- Y 1 and Y 2 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkylsilyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms.
- R 1, R 2, R 3, R 5, Y 1, R 1 of Y 2 each the above formula (7) in, R 2, R 3, R 5, Y 1, Y 2 It is synonymous with.
- the other bicyclo ring when one bicyclo ring (norbornane ring) is focused, the other bicyclo ring (norbornane ring) is bonded at the exo position, or at the end position.
- the acid dianhydride (B) has the other bicyclo ring at the end of one bicyclo ring when viewed from the left side or the right side. Since they are connected, they are expressed as “end / end type”.
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride that can be used as a raw material monomer for producing a polyimide having sufficient light transmittance and a higher level of heat resistance
- the tetracarboxylic acid A carbonyl compound that can be used to efficiently produce dianhydrides, a polyimide that has a sufficient level of light transmission and a higher level of heat resistance, and is suitable for producing the polyimide. It is possible to provide a polyimide precursor resin that can be used for the above.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of the product obtained in Example 1.
- 2 is a graph showing 1 H-NMR of the product obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing 13 C-NMR of the product obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing 1 H-NMR of the oily substance obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- 2 is a graph showing 1 H-NMR of a precipitate obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- 2 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of the product obtained in Example 2.
- 2 is a graph showing 1 H-NMR of the product obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing 13 C-NMR of the product obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of a product obtained in Comparative Example 2.
- 3 is a graph showing 1 H-NMR of the product obtained in Comparative Example 2.
- 6 is a graph showing 13 C-NMR of the product obtained in Comparative Example 2.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention comprises a compound having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the general formula (1) and a compound having an exo / endo type steric structure which is an enantiomer thereof.
- the content of the acid dianhydride (B) with respect to the total amount of the acid dianhydrides (A) and (B) is 30 to 100 mol% in molar ratio.
- the present inventors when the present inventors manufactured polyimide using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (A), the present inventors have a higher degree of light transmittance and a higher degree. It has been found that it is possible to produce a polyimide having a high level of heat resistance, and then the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (A) is represented by the above general formula (1).
- Stereoisomer A1 having the structure of endo / exo type (endo / exo type) and / or stereoisomer A2 having the structure of exo / endo type (exo / endo type) which is an enantiomer thereof Isomer A (acid dianhydride (A)) and stereoisomer B (acid dianhydride (B) having an endo / endo type structure represented by the above general formula (2) )
- Isomer A acid dianhydride (A)
- stereoisomer B having an endo / endo type structure represented by the above general formula (2)
- isomers There are two isomers Are (Note, since the stereoisomers A1 and stereoisomers A2 can not make this distinction on spectroscopic, wherein evaluates equivalent isomer, these are "stereoisomers A").
- the acid dianhydride (B) In the form of an acid dianhydride containing 30 mol% or more, that is, a tetracarboxylic dianhydride composed of an acid dianhydride (A) and / or an acid dianhydride (B) (represented by the above general formula (A))
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride composed of an acid dianhydride (A) and / or an acid dianhydride (B) (represented by the above general formula (A)
- those containing 30 mol% or more of the acid dianhydrides (B) can produce a polyimide having a high level of heat resistance while having sufficient light transmittance.
- the polyimides obtained by using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (A) it has been found that a polyimide having higher mechanical strength can be produced more reliably.
- the alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 in the general formula (1) is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. When such a carbon number exceeds 10, when it uses as a monomer of a polyimide, the heat resistance of the polyimide obtained will fall.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 is preferably 1 to 6, and preferably 1 to 5, from the viewpoint that higher heat resistance can be obtained when a polyimide is produced. More preferred is 1 to 4, still more preferred, and 1 to 3 is particularly preferred.
- Such an alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 may be linear or branched.
- the plurality of R 1 in the general formula (1) it is possible to obtain a high degree of heat resistance when the polyimide is produced, the availability of raw materials, the ease of purification, and the like. Therefore, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, and an isopropyl group are more preferable, and a hydrogen atom and a methyl group are particularly preferable.
- a plurality of R 1 in the formula (1) may be the same or different from each other. However, from the viewpoint of ease of purification and the like, they are the same. Preferably there is.
- R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1) are each independently one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group that can be selected as R 2 and R 3 is preferably 1 to 6, and preferably 1 to 5, from the viewpoint that higher heat resistance can be obtained when a polyimide is produced. More preferred is 1 to 4, still more preferred, and 1 to 3 is particularly preferred. Further, such an alkyl group that can be selected as R 2 and R 3 may be linear or branched.
- R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1) can be obtained with higher heat resistance when the polyimide is produced, easy to obtain raw materials, easier to purify, etc.
- each independently is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or an isopropyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 2 and R 3 in the formula (1) may be the same or different from each other, but are the same from the viewpoint of ease of purification. It is preferable that
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms.
- the yield of the compound is improved. There is a tendency.
- the polyimide which uses the said compound as a monomer it exists in the tendency for higher heat resistance to be acquired.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 has the same meaning as R 1, R 2, R 3 in the general formula (1), is the same as the preferable examples.
- the acid dianhydride (A) may contain a compound having an endo / exo type steric structure and a compound having an exo / endo type steric structure.
- the compound may be contained alone, or both of these compounds may be contained.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is a compound having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the above general formula (1) and an exo / endo type steric compound that is an enantiomer (enantiomer) thereof
- the content of the acid dianhydride (B) is less than the lower limit, when the polyimide is produced using the content, the mechanical strength of the polyimide based on the elongation at break tends to decrease. .
- the content of such acid dianhydride (B) is more preferably 40 to 100 mol%, further preferably 60 to 100 mol%, and more preferably 80 to 100 mol%. Is particularly preferable, and most preferably 90 to 100 mol%.
- the content of the acid dianhydride (B) is in the preferred range, when the polyimide is produced using the content, the mechanical strength of the polyimide based on the elongation at break is more It tends to be advanced.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention has a dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) when a polyimide is produced using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride as compared with a case where a conventional alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is used. ) Can be set to a lower value.
- a polyimide using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention as a monomer is produced, and this is used as a correlation insulating film material for a semiconductor, flexible printed wiring board (FPC). It is also possible to sufficiently reduce the transmission loss when it is used for a substrate film or the like.
- the method for producing such tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the method for manufacturing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of this invention is mentioned later.
- the carbonyl compound of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of a compound having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the above general formula (3) and a compound having an exo / endo type steric structure which is an enantiomer thereof. At least one carbonyl compound (A) and / or a carbonyl compound (B) having an endo / endo steric structure represented by the general formula (4), and the carbonyl compound (A) and The content of the carbonyl compound (B) with respect to the total amount of (B) is 30 to 100 mol% in molar ratio.
- the compound having the endo / exo type steric structure and the compound having the exo / endo type steric structure, which is an enantiomer (enantiomer) thereof can be distinguished in terms of spectroscopy. Since these cannot be performed, these are referred to as “carbonyl compound (A)”.
- R 1, R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (3) is similar respectively R 1, R 2 and R 3 in formula (1), the others thereof suitable The same as R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1).
- a plurality of R 1 in the general formula (3) may be the same or different from each other, but from the viewpoint of ease of purification, the same It is preferable that Furthermore, R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (3) may be the same or different from each other, but are the same from the viewpoint of ease of purification and the like. It is preferable.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (3) are hydrogen atoms.
- the yield of the compound tends to be improved. It is in.
- an acid dianhydride is formed from the compound and a polyimide is produced using the obtained acid dianhydride as a monomer, higher heat resistance tends to be obtained.
- the alkyl group that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (3) is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. When the carbon number of such an alkyl group exceeds 10, purification becomes difficult.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group that can be selected as the plurality of R 4 is more preferably 1 to 5 and even more preferably 1 to 3 from the viewpoint of easier purification.
- the alkyl group that can be selected as the plurality of R 4 may be linear or branched.
- the cycloalkyl group that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (3) is a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. If the number of carbon atoms in such a cycloalkyl group exceeds 10, purification becomes difficult.
- the number of carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl group that can be selected as the plurality of R 4 is more preferably 3 to 8 and further preferably 5 to 6 from the viewpoint of easier purification. preferable.
- the alkenyl group that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (3) is an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. When the carbon number of such an alkenyl group exceeds 10, purification becomes difficult.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkenyl group that can be selected as the plurality of R 4 is more preferably 2 to 5 and even more preferably 2 to 3 from the viewpoint of easier purification. .
- the aryl group that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (3) is an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. If the number of carbon atoms in such an aryl group exceeds 20, purification becomes difficult. In addition, the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group that can be selected as the plurality of R 4 is more preferably 6 to 10 and even more preferably 6 to 8 from the viewpoint of easier purification. .
- the aralkyl group that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (3) is an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms. If the number of carbon atoms in such an aralkyl group exceeds 20, purification becomes difficult. Further, the number of carbon atoms of the aralkyl group that can be selected as a plurality of R 4 is more preferably 7 to 10 and even more preferably 7 to 9 from the viewpoint of easier purification. .
- the plurality of R 4 in the general formula (3) are each independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, from the viewpoint of easier purification. It is preferably an isobutyl group, sec-butyl, t-butyl, cyclohexyl group, allyl group, phenyl group or benzyl group, more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or an n-propyl group, a methyl group, an ethyl group Is more preferable, and a methyl group is particularly preferable.
- R ⁇ 4 > in the said General formula (3) may be respectively the same or different, it is more preferable that it is the same from a synthetic viewpoint.
- each of R 1 in the general formula (4), R 2, R 3 and R 4 have the same meanings as R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 in the general formula (3), as its preferred Is the same.
- the carbonyl compound (A) may contain a compound having an endo / exo type steric structure and a compound having an exo / endo type steric structure. Or may contain both of these compounds.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is obtained from a compound having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the general formula (3) and a compound having an exo / endo type steric structure which is an enantiomer thereof.
- the content of the carbonyl compound (B) with respect to the total amount of the carbonyl compounds (A) and (B) is 30 to 100 mol% in terms of a molar ratio.
- an acid anhydride is produced using the carbonyl compound (B), and a polyimide is produced using the acid anhydride.
- the mechanical strength tends to decrease.
- the content of such a carbonyl compound (B) is more preferably 40 to 100 mol%, further preferably 60 to 100 mol%, and particularly preferably 80 to 100 mol%. 90 to 100 mol% is most preferable.
- the content of the carbonyl compound (B) is within the preferred range, when the polyimide is produced using the content, the mechanical strength of the polyimide based on the elongation at break is higher. It tends to be a thing.
- Step (I) for obtaining a carbonyl compound represented by the formula:
- the carbonyl compound obtained in the step (I) may be used as it is as the carbonyl compound of the present invention.
- the carbonyl compound (B) when the content of the carbonyl compound (B), which is one of stereoisomers, is less than 30 mol% or when the content of the carbonyl compound (B) needs to be higher,
- the carbonyl compound (B) has higher crystallinity than the carbonyl compound (A), and is easily precipitated by crystallization (in contrast, the carbonyl compound (A) is
- the carbonyl compound obtained in the step (I) is dissolved in a solvent and crystallized, whereby the carbonyl compound (B) content is expressed by the general formula (II).
- the method of obtaining the carbonyl compound of the present invention by obtaining the carbonyl compound to be obtained can be employed.
- the norbornene compound represented by the above general formula (I) is used as a raw material compound for the production of the carbonyl compound.
- a norbornene compound (I) includes a compound having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the following general formula (I-1) and a compound having an exo / endo type steric structure which is an enantiomer thereof. Containing at least one norbornene compound (A) selected from the group consisting of and / or a norbornene compound (B) having an endo / endo type steric structure represented by the following general formula (I-2) Can do.
- R 1 and R 2 and R 3 have the same meanings as R 1, R 2 and R 3 in the formula (3) (others its preferred Synonymous).
- the substituents represented by R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formulas (I), (I-1) and (I-2) are preferably all hydrogen atoms. The yield tends to improve. Further, when polyimide is produced using these compounds as monomers, higher heat resistance tends to be obtained.
- examples of the compound represented by the general formula (I) include 5,5′-bibicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene (also known as 5,5′-bi-2-norbornene).
- norbornene compound (I) a compound having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the above general formula (I-1) and its enantiomer by appropriately changing the production conditions thereof And at least one norbornene compound (A) selected from the group consisting of compounds having an exo / endo type steric structure, and an endo / endo type steric compound represented by the above general formula (I-2)
- the content ratio of the norbornene compound (B) having a structure can be appropriately changed.
- the alcohol to be reacted with the norbornene compound is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of ease of purification, the following general formula (10): R a OH (10) [In the formula (10), R a is an atom other than a hydrogen atom among the atoms and groups that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (II) (Note that R 4 in the formula (II) is a formula (It is synonymous with R 4 in (3)). ] It is preferable that it is alcohol represented by these.
- an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl alcohol having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl alcohol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, It is preferable to use aralkyl alcohol having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Such alcohols include methanol, ethanol, butanol, allyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, etc.
- methanol and ethanol are preferred from the viewpoint that purification of the resulting compound is easier. Is more preferable, and methanol is particularly preferable.
- Such alcohols may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the alcohol preferably R a OH
- the carbon of the olefin moiety in the norbornene-based compound represented by the general formula (I) is represented by the following general formula (11): -COOR a (11)
- R a is an atom other than a hydrogen atom among the atoms and groups that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (II).
- the carbonyl compound represented can be obtained.
- an ester group is introduced into the carbon of the olefin moiety in the carbonyl compound using an alcohol (preferably R a OH) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of a palladium catalyst and an oxidizing agent. It is possible to obtain the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (II) by utilizing the reaction (hereinafter, this reaction is sometimes simply referred to as “esterification reaction”).
- the palladium catalyst used in such esterification reaction is not particularly limited, and a known catalyst containing palladium can be appropriately used.
- a known catalyst containing palladium can be appropriately used.
- palladium inorganic acid salt, palladium organic acid salt, palladium is supported on a carrier.
- a palladium catalyst include palladium chloride, palladium nitrate, palladium sulfate, palladium acetate, palladium propionate, palladium carbon, palladium alumina, palladium black, and palladium acetate having a nitrite ligand (formula: Pd 3 ( CH 3 COO) 5 (NO 2 ) and the like are preferable.
- a palladium catalyst containing a nitrite ligand-containing palladium acetate (a catalyst represented by the formula: Pd 3 (CH 3 COO) 5 (NO 2 )) (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as “Pd 3 (OAc)”. ) 5 (NO 2 ) ”).
- palladium acetate having such a nitrite ligands (Pd 3 (OAc) 5 ( NO 2)) in a palladium catalyst containing palladium acetate (Pd 3 with nitrous acid ligand (OAc) 5 (NO 2) ) Is preferably 10 mol% or more in terms of metal (relative to the total amount of palladium in the palladium catalyst).
- the content ratio of palladium acetate having such a nitrous acid ligand is less than the lower limit, it is difficult to sufficiently suppress the formation of by-products, and is represented by the general formula (II) with a sufficiently high selectivity. It tends to be difficult to produce a carbonyl compound.
- acetic acid having a nitrite ligand can be used from the viewpoint that the production of by-products can be suppressed at a higher level and an ester compound can be produced with higher selectivity.
- the content ratio of palladium (Pd 3 (OAc) 5 (NO 2 )) is more preferably 30 mol% or more in terms of metal (relative to the total amount of palladium in the palladium catalyst), and 40 mol% or more. More preferably, it is more preferably 50 mol% or more, and most preferably 70 mol% to 100 mol%.
- the palladium catalyst used for the esterification reaction palladium acetate having a nitrite ligands (Pd 3 (OAc) 5 ( NO 2)) in the case of using those containing, Pd 3 (OAc) 5 ( NO 2)
- the other catalyst (other palladium catalyst component) that can be contained in addition to the above is not particularly limited, and is a known catalyst that can be used when reacting carbon monoxide and an alcohol with an olefin site (during esterification).
- Palladium-based catalyst components for example, palladium chloride, palladium nitrate, palladium sulfate, palladium acetate, palladium propionate, palladium carbon, palladium alumina, palladium black, etc.
- palladium chloride for example, palladium chloride, palladium nitrate, palladium sulfate, palladium acetate, palladium propionate, palladium carbon, palladium alumina, palladium black, etc.
- palladium-based catalyst component As a component other than palladium acetate having a nitrite ligand that can be contained in such a palladium catalyst (palladium-based catalyst component), from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of by-products such as a polymer and improving selectivity. It is preferable to use palladium acetate.
- palladium catalyst palladium acetate having a nitrite ligand (Pd 3 (OAc) 5 (NO 2 )) and palladium acetate are used from the viewpoint of suppressing generation of by-products such as a polymer and improving selectivity.
- a catalyst comprising only palladium acetate having a nitrite ligand (Pd 3 (OAc) 5 (NO 2 )) can be used more suitably.
- an oxidizing agent used in the esterification reaction when the Pd 2+ of the palladium catalyst in the esterification reaction has been reduced to Pd 0, long as it can oxidize the Pd 0 to Pd 2+ That's fine.
- Such an oxidizing agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a copper compound and an iron compound.
- the amount of alcohol used in such esterification reaction is not particularly limited as long as it is an amount capable of obtaining the compound represented by the general formula (II).
- the above alcohol may be added to the amount theoretically required to obtain the compound represented by () above (theoretical amount), and the excess alcohol may be used as it is as a solvent.
- the carbon monoxide may be supplied in a required amount to the reaction system. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a high purity gas of carbon monoxide as the carbon monoxide, and a mixed gas in which a gas inert to the esterification reaction (for example, nitrogen) and carbon monoxide may be used. . Further, the pressure of such carbon monoxide is not particularly limited, but is preferably normal pressure (about 0.1 MPa [1 atm]) or more and 10 MPa or less.
- the method for supplying the carbon monoxide to the reaction system is not particularly limited, and a known method can be appropriately employed, and includes, for example, the alcohol, the compound represented by the general formula (I), and the palladium catalyst.
- a method of supplying carbon monoxide by bubbling into the liquid mixture, or a method of supplying carbon monoxide to the reaction system by introducing carbon monoxide into the atmospheric gas in the container when using a reaction vessel, etc. Can be adopted.
- the carbon monoxide when supplying carbon monoxide into a mixed solution containing the alcohol, the compound represented by the general formula (I), and the palladium catalyst, the carbon monoxide is represented by the general formula (I). 0.002 to 0.2 mole equivalent / minute (more preferably 0.005 to 0.1 mole equivalent / minute, still more preferably 0.005 to 0.05 mole equivalent / minute) of the compound (feed) Speed).
- the supply ratio of such carbon monoxide is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate tends to be slow, and by-products such as polymers tend to be easily generated. Tends to be difficult to control the reaction.
- the ratio (feed rate) is 0.1 mol.
- carbon monoxide is bubbled into a mixed solution containing the alcohol, the compound represented by the general formula (I), and the palladium catalyst. It is preferable to employ a method of supplying
- a specific method of the bubbling is not particularly limited, and a known bubbling method can be appropriately employed.
- a so-called bubbling nozzle and a large number of holes are provided.
- Carbon monoxide may be bubbled and supplied into the mixed solution using a tube or the like as appropriate.
- the method for controlling the supply rate of the carbon monoxide is not particularly limited, and a known control method may be adopted as appropriate.
- a known control method may be adopted as appropriate.
- a method of controlling the supply rate of carbon monoxide at the above-mentioned ratio using a known apparatus capable of supplying a gas at a specific ratio to a pipe or the like provided with a hole may be adopted.
- the amount of the palladium catalyst used is such that the molar amount of palladium in the palladium catalyst is 0.001 to 0.1 relative to the norbornene-based compound represented by the general formula (I).
- the amount is preferably a double mole (more preferably 0.001 to 0.01 mole). If the amount of the palladium catalyst used is less than the above lower limit, the yield tends to decrease due to a decrease in the reaction rate. Tend to decrease.
- the amount of such an oxidizing agent used is 2 to 16 times mol (more preferably 2 to 8 times mol, further preferably 2 to 6 times mol) based on the norbornene compound represented by the general formula (I). It is preferable to do. If the amount of the oxidizing agent used is less than the lower limit, the oxidation reaction of palladium cannot be promoted sufficiently, and as a result, a large amount of by-products tend to be formed. The purity of the product tends to decrease.
- a solvent may be used for the reaction (esterification reaction) of the norbornene compound represented by the general formula (I) with alcohol and carbon monoxide.
- a solvent is not particularly limited, and a known solvent that can be used for the esterification reaction can be used as appropriate, and examples thereof include hydrocarbon solvents such as n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, and toluene.
- a base may be added to remove the acid.
- fatty acid salts such as sodium acetate, sodium propionate, and sodium butyrate are preferable.
- the amount of such base used may be appropriately adjusted according to the amount of acid generated.
- the reaction temperature conditions for the esterification reaction are not particularly limited, but are 0 ° C. to 200 ° C. ⁇ more preferably 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., more preferably about 10 to 60 ° C., and particularly preferably 20 to 50 ° C. It is preferable that the temperature is about the same. When such a reaction temperature exceeds the upper limit, the yield tends to decrease. On the other hand, when the reaction temperature is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate tends to decrease.
- the reaction time for the esterification reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 30 minutes to 24 hours.
- the atmospheric gas in the esterification reaction is not particularly limited, and a gas that can be used for the esterification reaction can be appropriately used.
- a gas that can be used for the esterification reaction can be appropriately used.
- an inert gas (nitrogen, argon, etc.) for the esterification reaction Carbon monoxide, mixed gas of carbon monoxide and other gas (nitrogen, air, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, etc.), from the viewpoint of not affecting the catalyst and oxidant, Carbon monoxide, a gas inert to the esterification reaction, and a mixed gas of carbon monoxide and a gas inert to the esterification reaction are preferable.
- the atmosphere gas is made of a gas inert to the esterification reaction before the reaction.
- the reaction may be started by bubbling as described above, and as a result, the reaction may proceed so that the atmospheric gas becomes a mixed gas of carbon monoxide and a gas inert to the esterification reaction.
- the pressure condition in the esterification reaction is not particularly limited, but is 0.05 MPa to 15 MPa.
- the pressure is preferably from atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa [1 atm]) to 15 MPa, more preferably from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa, and particularly preferably from 0.11 MPa to 5 MPa.
- the pressure condition is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate tends to decrease and the yield of the target product tends to decrease.
- the upper limit is exceeded, the reaction rate improves and the reaction proceeds at a stretch, making it difficult to control the reaction. There is a tendency that facilities that can carry out the reaction are limited.
- the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (II) having a target structure can be obtained by carrying out the step (I).
- the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (II) obtained in the step (I) includes the norbornene compound (A) and the norbornene compound (B) in the norbornene compound used as a raw material. ) Of the carbonyl compound (A) and the carbonyl compound (B). And in the carbonyl compound obtained by such a process (I), when content of the said carbonyl compound (B) is 30 mol% or more from the beginning, and exists in a desired ratio, this is used as it is in the above-mentioned present invention. As a carbonyl compound.
- step (I) by using a raw material compound having a high proportion of the norbornene compound (B), in step (I), the content of the carbonyl compound (B) is 30 mol% or more from the beginning. It is possible to obtain the carbonyl compound of the present invention.
- the content of the carbonyl compound (B) is less than 30 mol%, or 30 mol% or more, but it is desired to adjust to a desired ratio.
- the carbonyl compound (B) Is higher in crystallinity than the carbonyl compound (A) and has a property of being easily precipitated by crystallization (conversely, the carbonyl compound (A) has a property of being hardly precipitated by crystallization).
- the step of dissolving the carbonyl compound in a solvent and crystallizing is appropriately performed, and the content of the carbonyl compound (B) becomes higher. It may be sea urchin adjustment.
- the proportion of the carbonyl compound (B) and the carbonyl compound (A) in the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (II) can be adjusted. Obtainable.
- a known method can be appropriately used.
- the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (II) obtained in the step (I) is converted into the carbonyl compound (A )
- the carbonyl compound (B) the carbonyl compound (the mixture) represented by the general formula (II) is dissolved in an organic solvent, and then the solution is concentrated as appropriate.
- the precipitate (crystal) is allowed to precipitate, and then the precipitate is separated from the filtrate (basically tends to be oily) by filtration. Since the content ratio of the compound (B) is high, and the component on the filtrate side has a high content ratio of the carbonyl compound (A) that is difficult to precipitate, the precipitate (crystal) is reduced.
- a carbonyl compound (B) alone or a carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (II) having a high content ratio of the carbonyl compound (B) as a stereoisomer is prepared in advance, By mixing a carbonyl compound having a high content ratio of the carbonyl compound (A) obtained by using the filtrate, the ratio of the carbonyl compounds (A) and (B) is adjusted to a desired ratio.
- These may be carbonyl compounds used for various purposes.
- Method for producing tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention A method that can be suitably employed as a method for producing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention will be described.
- a method for producing such a tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention for example, a raw material compound composed of the carbonyl compound of the present invention is added to a carboxylic acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms using an acid catalyst.
- the method of obtaining the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention by heating at can be employed.
- the acid catalyst used in such a method is not particularly limited, and may be a homogeneous acid catalyst or a heterogeneous acid catalyst (solid catalyst).
- a homogeneous acid catalyst is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of purification.
- Such a homogeneous acid catalyst is not particularly limited, and a known homogeneous acid catalyst that can be used for a reaction in which a carboxylic acid is an anhydride or a reaction in which an ester compound is an acid anhydride can be appropriately used. it can.
- Examples of such a homogeneous acid catalyst include trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, heptafluoropropanesulfonic acid, heptafluoroisopropanesulfonic acid, nonafluorobutanesulfonic acid, heptafluoro Examples include decanesulfonic acid, bis (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl) imide, N, N-bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, and chlorodifluoroacetic acid.
- a homogeneous acid catalyst from the viewpoint of improving the reaction yield, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid, nonafluorobutanesulfonic acid, and chlorodifluoroacetic acid are more preferable. More preferred is fluoroethanesulfonic acid.
- a homogeneous acid catalyst you may use 1 type individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the amount of the acid catalyst (more preferably a homogeneous acid catalyst) used is not particularly limited.
- the amount used (molar amount) of the carbonyl compound (raw compound of tetracarboxylic dianhydride) of the present invention is not limited.
- the acid catalyst has an acid molar amount of 0.001 to 2.00 molar equivalent (more preferably 0.01 to 1.00 molar equivalent).
- the amount of the acid catalyst used is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate tends to decrease.
- the upper limit is exceeded, purification becomes somewhat difficult and the purity of the product tends to decrease.
- the molar amount of the acid in the acid catalyst referred to here is a molar amount in terms of a functional group (for example, a sulfonic acid group (sulfo group) or a carboxylic acid group (carboxy group)) in the acid catalyst.
- a functional group for example, a sulfonic acid group (sulfo group) or a carboxylic acid group (carboxy group)
- the amount of the acid catalyst (more preferably homogeneous acid catalyst) used is preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) of the present invention. More preferably, it is 20 parts by mass.
- the amount of the acid catalyst used is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate tends to decrease.
- the amount exceeds the upper limit a side reaction product tends to be generated.
- a carboxylic acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “lower carboxylic acid”) is used.
- lower carboxylic acid a carboxylic acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- the carbon number of such a lower carboxylic acid exceeds the upper limit, production and purification become difficult.
- Examples of such a lower carboxylic acid include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc. Among them, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid are preferable from the viewpoint of ease of production and purification.
- Formic acid acetic acid Is more preferable.
- Such lower carboxylic acids may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of such lower carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but is 4 to 100 times mol with respect to the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2). It is preferable. If the amount of such a lower carboxylic acid (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, etc.) used is less than the lower limit, the yield tends to decrease, whereas if it exceeds the upper limit, the reaction rate tends to decrease.
- the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) of the present invention is heated in the lower carboxylic acid, the carbonyl compound is preferably contained in the lower carboxylic acid.
- the content of the carbonyl compound of the present invention in such a lower carboxylic acid is preferably 1 to 40% by mass, and more preferably 2 to 30% by mass.
- the heating step A reaction in which tetracarboxylic dianhydride and water are generated from a carbonyl compound (tetracarboxylic acid) proceeds.
- a normal reaction and a reverse reaction in which the carbonyl compound (tetracarboxylic acid) is generated from tetracarboxylic dianhydride and water are equilibrium reactions.
- the carbonyl compound is a compound in which R 4 is a group other than a hydrogen atom
- the carbonyl compound and the lower carboxylic acid are converted into tetracarboxylic acids by the heating step.
- a reaction (positive reaction) in which an acid dianhydride, an ester compound of a lower carboxylic acid and water are generated proceeds.
- Such a forward reaction and a reverse reaction in which the carbonyl compound and the lower carboxylic acid are generated from the carboxylic acid anhydride, the ester compound of the lower carboxylic acid, and water are equilibrium reactions. Therefore, in such a heating step, it is possible to efficiently advance the reaction (positive reaction) by appropriately changing the concentration of the component in the system.
- the conditions that can be employed in such a heating step are not particularly limited, and the above carbonyl compound of the present invention (in the lower carboxylic acid using the acid catalyst) If the method (conditions) is such that the raw material compound) can be heated and thereby the ester group and / or carboxy group (carboxylic acid group) in the carbonyl compound can be converted into an acid anhydride group, the conditions are appropriately set. For example, conditions such as those employed in a known reaction capable of forming an acid anhydride group can be appropriately used.
- a heating step it is preferable to first prepare a mixture of the lower carboxylic acid, the carbonyl compound, and the acid catalyst so that heating in the lower carboxylic acid is possible.
- the method for preparing such a mixture is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately prepared according to the apparatus used for the heating step.
- the mixture may be prepared by adding (introducing) them in the same container. .
- solvents include aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene and chlorobenzene; ether solvents such as ether, THF and dioxane; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate; hexane and cyclohexane , Hydrocarbon solvents such as heptane and pentane; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile; halogen solvents such as methylene chloride and chloroform; ketone solvents such as acetone and MEK; amides such as DMF, NMP, DMI and DMAc And system solvents.
- aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene and chlorobenzene
- ether solvents such as ether, THF and dioxane
- ester solvents such as ethyl acetate
- hexane and cyclohexane Hydrocarbon solvents
- the temperature condition for heating the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) of the present invention in the lower carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but the upper limit of the heating temperature is 180 ° C. (more preferably 150 ° C., still more preferably 140 ° C. C., particularly preferably 130.degree. C., while the lower limit of the heating temperature is preferably 80.degree. C. (more preferably 100.degree. C., still more preferably 110.degree. C.).
- the temperature range (temperature condition) during such heating is preferably 80 to 180 ° C, more preferably 80 to 150 ° C, still more preferably 100 to 140 ° C, and more preferably 110 to A temperature of 130 ° C. is particularly preferable.
- such a heating temperature is preferably set to a temperature lower than the boiling point of the homogeneous acid catalyst within the range of the temperature condition. By setting the heating temperature in this way, the product can be obtained more efficiently.
- a step of refluxing the mixture (mixture of the lower carboxylic acid, the carbonyl compound and the acid catalyst) by heating. May be included.
- a refluxing step in the heating step. That is, in the heating step, in the initial stage of heating, since the reaction does not proceed sufficiently, by-products such as water are hardly generated. Therefore, until the reaction proceeds to some extent (initial stage of heating), the carboxylic acid dianhydride is not significantly affected by by-products (water, etc.) without removing the distillate component (steam). It is possible to efficiently proceed the positive reaction for producing. Therefore, in particular, in the initial stage of heating, it becomes possible to efficiently use the lower carboxylic acid by refluxing to allow the forward reaction to proceed efficiently, thereby producing the carboxylic acid anhydride more efficiently. Is possible.
- the degree of progress of the positive reaction can be determined by confirming the amount of by-products (for example, water or an ester compound of lower carboxylic acid) contained in the steam. Therefore, when the reflux step is performed, the reflux time is appropriately set so that the reaction proceeds efficiently while confirming the amount of by-products in the steam (for example, an ester compound of a lower carboxylic acid), You may perform the removal process of a distilling component, heating. By performing the distilling component removal step in this manner, by-products (eg, ester compounds of lower carboxylic acid and water) can be removed from the reaction system, and the positive reaction can proceed more efficiently. It becomes possible.
- by-products eg, ester compounds of lower carboxylic acid and water
- the lower carboxylic acid is reduced (for example, a lower carboxylic acid ester compound and water are formed as by-products).
- the carboxylic acid is consumed and the vapor is distilled off, resulting in a decrease in the carboxylic acid, etc.
- the reduced amount of the lower carboxylic acid is appropriately added (in some cases, continuously). It is preferable to carry out heating.
- a lower carboxylic acid continuously added in some cases
- the carbonyl compound is a compound in which R 4 is a group other than a hydrogen atom
- the reflux conditions are not particularly limited, and known conditions can be appropriately employed, and are suitable according to the type of the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) to be used. Can be appropriately changed to various conditions.
- the pressure condition (pressure condition at the time of reaction) when heating the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) of the present invention in the lower carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, and even under normal pressure, Or under reduced pressure, and the reaction can proceed under any conditions. Therefore, during the heating step, for example, without particularly controlling the pressure, for example, in the case of adopting the above-described refluxing step, the reaction is performed under a pressurized condition with a vapor of a lower carboxylic acid serving as a solvent. Also good.
- Such pressure conditions are preferably 0.001 to 10 MPa, and more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa. If the pressure condition is less than the lower limit, the lower carboxylic acid tends to vaporize. On the other hand, if the pressure condition exceeds the upper limit, the ester compound of the lower carboxylic acid produced by the reaction by heating does not volatilize, and the positive The reaction tends to be difficult to proceed.
- the atmospheric gas for heating the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) of the present invention in the lower carboxylic acid is not particularly limited. May be.
- the above gas preferably an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon
- the above gas may be bubbled, or may be agitated while venting the gas phase portion of the reactor (reaction vessel).
- the heating time for heating the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) of the present invention in the lower carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 100 hours, preferably 1 to 50 hours. More preferably. If the heating time is less than the lower limit, the reaction does not proceed sufficiently, and a sufficient amount of carboxylic anhydride tends to be unable to be produced. On the other hand, if the upper limit is exceeded, the reaction proceeds further. However, there is a tendency that the production efficiency is lowered and the economy is lowered.
- the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) of the present invention when heated in the lower carboxylic acid, the lower carboxylic acid into which the carbonyl compound is introduced (more preferably, from the viewpoint of allowing the reaction to proceed uniformly) The reaction may be allowed to proceed while stirring the lower carboxylic acid, the carbonyl compound and the acid catalyst).
- the step of heating the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) of the present invention in the lower carboxylic acid it is preferable to use acetic anhydride together with the lower carboxylic acid.
- acetic anhydride By using acetic anhydride in this way, it is possible to react the water produced during the reaction with acetic anhydride to form acetic acid, and to efficiently remove the water produced during the reaction. The positive reaction can be advanced more efficiently.
- the amount of acetic anhydride to be used is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 4 to 100 times mol with respect to the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) of the present invention. When the amount of acetic anhydride used is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate tends to decrease, and when it exceeds the upper limit, the yield tends to decrease.
- acetic anhydride Even when acetic anhydride is used in this way, it is preferable to adopt the conditions described in the above heating step for the temperature conditions, pressure conditions, atmospheric gas conditions, heating time conditions, etc. during heating. .
- acetic anhydride when acetic anhydride is used in this way, it is possible to form acetic acid by reacting water produced during the reaction with acetic anhydride, and it can be produced during the reaction without vapor distillation. Water can be efficiently removed, and the reaction (positive reaction) in which acetic acid is formed from acetic anhydride and water to produce tetracarboxylic dianhydride proceeds more efficiently. Will be.
- the heating step is preferably a step of refluxing the mixture.
- the reaction can be performed only by performing the refluxing step without performing steps such as distillation of vapor or addition of lower carboxylic acid depending on the amount of use. Can be made to proceed sufficiently, and tetracarboxylic dianhydride can be more efficiently produced.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention can be efficiently obtained from the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) of the present invention. That is, by using the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) of the present invention, the content of the acid dianhydride (B) relative to the total amount of the acid dianhydrides (A) and (B) is 30 to 100 in molar ratio. A mol% of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention can be obtained efficiently. In addition, in the obtained tetracarboxylic dianhydride, from the viewpoint of further improving the content of the acid dianhydride (B), it is easy to precipitate by crystallization of the acid dianhydride (B).
- Recrystallization Since it is possible to separate the acid dianhydride (A) and the acid dianhydride (B) to some extent (increasing the ratio of one side) using Recrystallization may be performed by adding a solvent to obtain a solution prepared to a predetermined concentration. On the other hand, after obtaining the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, from the viewpoint of further improving the content of the acid dianhydride (A), it is difficult to dissolve in the solvent of the acid dianhydride (B). Since it is possible to separate the acid dianhydride (A) and the acid dianhydride (B) to some extent (increasing the ratio of one), the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is washed with a solvent. The washing solution may be dried. In this way, the content ratio of the acid dianhydrides (A) and (B) can be appropriately changed even after the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is prepared.
- the polyimide of the present invention comprises a structural unit (repeating unit) having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the above general formula (5) and a structural unit (repeating unit) having an exo / endo type steric structure as its mirror image. Unit) and / or a repeating unit (B) having an end / end type steric structure represented by the general formula (6), and the repeating unit
- the content of the repeating unit (B) with respect to the total amount of the units (A) and (B) is 30 to 100 mol% in terms of a molar ratio.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 is a respective the same as R 1, R 2, R 3 in the general formula (1), the preferred Are the same as R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1).
- the plurality of R 1 may be the same or different, but from the viewpoint of ease of purification and the like. Are preferably the same.
- R 2 and R 3 may be the same or different from each other, but are the same from the viewpoint of ease of purification and the like. It is preferable that.
- the arylene group that can be selected as R 5 in the general formulas (5) and (6) is an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms of such an arylene group is preferably 6 to 30, and more preferably 12 to 20. If the number of carbon atoms is less than the lower limit, the heat resistance of the polyimide tends to be reduced. It tends to decrease.
- R 5 in the general formulas (5) and (6) is represented by the following general formulas (i) to (iv) from the viewpoint of a balance between heat resistance and solubility:
- R 6 represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a trifluoromethyl group
- Q represents the formula: -C 6 H 4 -, - CONH -C 6 H 4 -NHCO -, - NHCO-C 6 H 4 -CONH -, - O-C 6 H 4 -CO-C 6 H 4 -O -, - OCO- C 6 H 4 —COO—, —OCO—C 6 H 4 —C 6 H 4 —COO—, —OCO—, —NC 6 H 5 —, —CO—C 4 H 8 N 2 —CO—, —C 13 H 10 —, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CONH—, —SO 2 —, —C (CF 3 ) 2 —, —C (
- R 6 in the general formula (iii) is more preferably a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom, from the viewpoint of the heat resistance of the resulting polyimide.
- a group represented by the formula: —CONH—, —O—C 6 H 4 —C (CH 3 ) 2 —C 6 H 4 —O—, or —O— is particularly preferred,
- a group represented by the formula: —O—C 6 H 4 —C (CH 3 ) 2 —C 6 H 4 —O— or —O— is most preferred.
- the group represented by the general formulas (i) to (iv) that can be selected as R 5 in the general formulas (5) and (6) can have a sufficiently high glass transition temperature.
- the linear expansion coefficient can be set to a sufficiently low value, the balance of these characteristics is improved, and higher heat resistance can be obtained, and therefore, the linear expansion coefficient is represented by the general formula (iii) or (iv). More preferably, it is a group.
- R 5 is a group represented by the general formula (iii) or the general formula (iv).
- Q is a group represented by —CONH—, —COO—, —CO—, —C 6 H 4 — (more preferably a group represented by —CONH— or —COO—, particularly preferably It is preferably at least one of the groups represented by —CONH—.
- R 5 in the general formulas (5) and (6) is represented by the general formula (i) from the viewpoint that a higher degree of flexibility (flexibility) can be imparted to the obtained polyimide.
- a group represented by the general formula (iv) and the Q is represented by —O—, —S—, —CH 2 —, —O—C 6 H 4 —O—. at least one (more preferably -O -, - CH 2 - with one of the groups represented, more preferably a group represented by -O-) is preferably a group is.
- the general formula ( 5) and (6) a plurality of kinds (two or more repeating units different types of R 5 in) those containing preferred.
- R 5 in the formula is a group represented by the general formula (iii); and Q is one of groups represented by —CONH—, —COO—, —CO—, —C 6 H 4 — (more preferably a group represented by —CONH—, —COO—, particularly preferably Is a group represented by the general formula (iv) which is a group represented by —CONH—; and a repeating unit (X) which is one group selected from the group consisting of R 5 in the formula is a group represented by the general formula (i); and the Q is represented by —O—, —S—, —CH 2 —, —O—C 6 H 4 —O—.
- a repeating unit (Y) which is one group selected from the group consisting of: More preferably, it contains
- R 5 in the formula is a group represented by the general formula (iv) and the formula (iv) from the viewpoint of easy availability of the monomer at the time of production.
- iv) one of the groups represented by Q in —O—, —CH 2 —, —O—C 6 H 4 —O— (more preferably represented by —O—, —CH 2 —). And more preferably a group represented by —O—.
- the content ratio of the repeating unit (X) to the repeating unit (Y) is 9: 1 in terms of molar ratio ((X) :( Y)). It is preferable that it is ⁇ 6: 4 (more preferably 8: 2 to 7: 3).
- the content ratio of the repeating unit (X) is less than the lower limit, it tends to be difficult to obtain a polyimide having a lower linear expansion coefficient.
- the content exceeds the upper limit the flexibility of the obtained substrate film is lowered.
- the configuration of the R 5 substituent other than in the general formula (5) and (6) Preferably they are the same.
- repeating unit (A) may contain a structural unit having an endo / exo type steric structure (repeating unit) alone, or a structural unit having an exo / endo type steric structure (repeating unit). ) May be contained alone, or both of them may be contained.
- the polyimide of the present invention includes a structural unit (repeating unit) having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the general formula (5) and a structural unit having an exo / endo type steric structure which is an enantiomer thereof.
- the content of the repeating unit (B) with respect to the total amount of the repeating units (A) and (B) is 30 to 100 mol% in molar ratio.
- the content of the repeating unit (B) having an end / end type steric structure is 30 to 100 mol% with respect to the total molar amount of the repeating units (A) and (B).
- the content of such a repeating unit (B) is less than the lower limit, the mechanical strength of the polyimide based on the elongation at break tends to decrease.
- the content of the repeating unit (B) with respect to the total molar amount of the repeating units (A) and (B) is 40 to 100 mol% from the viewpoint of obtaining higher mechanical strength. More preferably, it is more preferably 60 to 100 mol%, particularly preferably 80 to 100 mol%, and most preferably 90 to 100 mol%.
- polyimide what mainly contains the said repeating unit (A) and / or the said repeating unit (B) (preferably the total amount of repeating unit (A) and (B) is in polyimide. And 50 to 100 mol% (more preferably 70 to 100 mol%, particularly preferably 80 to 100 mol%, most preferably 90 to 100 mol%) of all the repeating units.
- Such polyimide may contain other repeating units as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Such other repeating units are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known repeating units that can be used as polyimide repeating units.
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a fluorine atom, R 5 represents an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 0 to 12.
- the repeating unit represented by can be illustrated as a suitable thing.
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a fluorine atom.
- a hydrogen atom an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a fluorine atom.
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 is the same as the alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 in the general formula (1). (The preferred ones are also the same).
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of adhesiveness of the resulting polyimide.
- each is independently a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group or isopropyl group. More preferred is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R ⁇ 7 >, R ⁇ 8 >, R ⁇ 9 >, R ⁇ 10 > in such a formula is the same from viewpoints, such as easiness of refinement
- R 5 in the general formula (13) is similar to the R 5 in the formula (5) and (6) (The same applies to those that preferred.).
- n represents an integer of 0 to 12.
- the upper limit of the numerical value range of n in the general formula (13) is more preferably 5 and particularly preferably 3 from the viewpoint of easier purification.
- the lower limit of the numerical range of n in the general formula (13) is more preferably 1 and particularly preferably 2 from the viewpoint of the stability of the raw material compound.
- n in the general formula (13) is particularly preferably an integer of 2 to 3.
- such other repeating units include other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides according to the present invention at the time of production of polyimide. It can be easily introduced by using tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- the other repeating unit is derived from another tetracarboxylic dianhydride other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention. Such other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides will be described later.
- the molar ratio ([total amount of repeating units represented by the above general formulas (5) and (6)]: [content of other repeating units]) is 99.9: 0.1 to 0.1: 99.9 may be used. Further, when such other repeating units are included, from the viewpoint of balance between heat resistance and transparency, the total amount of the repeating units represented by the above general formulas (5) and (6) and other repeating units are included.
- the polyimide of the present invention preferably has a 5% weight loss temperature of 350 ° C. or higher, more preferably 450 to 550 ° C. If such a 5% weight loss temperature is less than the lower limit, sufficient heat resistance tends to be difficult to achieve, and if it exceeds the upper limit, it tends to be difficult to produce a polyimide having such characteristics. It is in.
- a 5% weight loss temperature is raised from room temperature (25 ° C.) to 40 ° C. while flowing nitrogen gas in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and 10 ° C./min. It can be determined by measuring the temperature at which the weight of the used sample is reduced by 5% by heating under the above conditions.
- the mass of the sample it is preferable to use the mass of the sample as 1.0 mg to 10 mg (more preferably 1.5 mg to 4.0 mg). By setting the mass of the sample within the above range, the same value can be measured for the same polyimide even if the mass of the sample is changed.
- such a polyimide preferably has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 200 ° C. or higher, more preferably 230 to 500 ° C., and particularly preferably 250 to 500 ° C. If the glass transition temperature (Tg) is less than the lower limit, sufficient heat resistance tends to be difficult to achieve, and if it exceeds the upper limit, it tends to be difficult to produce a polyimide having such characteristics. It is in.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Tg thermomechanical analyzer
- such a polyimide preferably has a softening temperature of 300 ° C. or higher, more preferably 350 to 550 ° C. If the softening temperature is less than the lower limit, sufficient heat resistance tends to be difficult to achieve, and if it exceeds the upper limit, it tends to be difficult to produce a polyimide having such characteristics.
- a softening temperature can be measured in a penetration mode using a thermomechanical analyzer (trade name “TMA8310” manufactured by Rigaku). In measurement, the sample size (vertical, horizontal, thickness, etc.) does not affect the measured value, so it can be attached to the jig of the thermomechanical analyzer to be used (trade name “TMA8310” manufactured by Rigaku). The sample size may be adjusted as appropriate to a suitable size.
- such a polyimide preferably has a thermal decomposition temperature (Td) of 400 ° C. or higher, more preferably 450 to 600 ° C. If such a thermal decomposition temperature (Td) is less than the lower limit, sufficient heat resistance tends to be difficult to achieve, and if it exceeds the upper limit, it is difficult to produce a polyimide having such characteristics. There is a tendency.
- Td thermal decomposition temperature
- such a thermal decomposition temperature (Td) was measured using a TG / DTA220 thermogravimetric analyzer (manufactured by SII Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.) in a nitrogen atmosphere under a heating rate of 10 ° C./min.
- the mass of the sample it can be determined by measuring the temperature at the intersection of the tangent lines drawn on the decomposition curve before and after thermal decomposition under the conditions of In the measurement, it is preferable to use the mass of the sample as 1.0 to 10 mg (more preferably 5 mg to 10 mg). By setting the mass of the sample within the above range, the same value can be measured for the same polyimide even if the mass of the sample is changed. Furthermore, for such a thermal decomposition temperature (Td), using the same apparatus as the measurement of 5% weight loss temperature, the same conditions (conditions of a heating rate of 10 ° C./min. Under a nitrogen atmosphere) are adopted. Can be measured simultaneously.
- Td thermal decomposition temperature
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of such a polyimide is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000 in terms of polystyrene.
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of such a polyimide is preferably 1000 to 5000000 in terms of polystyrene. If the weight average molecular weight is less than the lower limit, sufficient heat resistance tends to be difficult to achieve, and if it exceeds the upper limit, processing tends to be difficult.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of such a polyimide is preferably 1.1 to 5.0. If the molecular weight distribution is less than the lower limit, it tends to be difficult to produce, while if it exceeds the upper limit, it tends to be difficult to produce a uniform film.
- the molecular weight (Mw or Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of such a polyimide can be obtained by converting measured data into polystyrene using gel permeation chromatography as a measuring device.
- the molecular weight is estimated based on the viscosity of the polyamic acid used for the production of the polyimide, and the polyimide according to the application is selected. May be used.
- the total light transmittance is 80% or more (more preferably 85% or more, particularly preferably 87% or more).
- such a polyimide is more preferably one having a haze (turbidity) of 5 to 0 (more preferably 4 to 0, particularly preferably 3 to 0) from the viewpoint of obtaining higher transparency.
- such a polyimide is more preferably one having a yellowness (YI) of 5 to 0 (more preferably 4 to 0, particularly preferably 3 to 0) from the viewpoint of obtaining higher transparency. .
- Such total light transmittance, haze (turbidity), and yellowness (YI) can be easily achieved by appropriately selecting the type of polyimide.
- the total light transmittance and haze (turbidity) are measured using a product name “Haze Meter NDH-5000” manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. as a measuring device, and a thickness of 5 to 80 ⁇ m.
- the value measured using the film consisting of as a measurement sample can be employed.
- the yellowness was measured using a film made of polyimide having a thickness of 5 to 80 ⁇ m as a measurement sample, using a product name “Spectral Color Meter SD6000” manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. as a measuring device. A value can be adopted.
- the total light transmittance, haze (turbidity), and yellowness (YI) are the same because the thickness is sufficiently thin and does not affect the measured value if the film is made of polyimide having a thickness of 5 to 80 ⁇ m. The same value can be measured from the polyimide. Therefore, what is necessary is just to utilize the film which has the thickness of the said range for the measurement of a total light transmittance, haze (turbidity), and yellowness (YI).
- the vertical and horizontal sizes of the measurement sample may be any size that can be arranged at the measurement site of the measurement apparatus, and the vertical and horizontal sizes may be appropriately changed.
- such a polyimide preferably has a linear expansion coefficient of 0 to 100 ppm / K, more preferably 10 to 80 ppm / K.
- a linear expansion coefficient exceeds the upper limit, peeling tends to occur due to thermal history when combined with a metal or an inorganic material having a linear expansion coefficient range of 5 to 20 ppm / K.
- the linear expansion coefficient is less than the lower limit, the solubility and the film characteristics tend to be lowered.
- To 30 ⁇ m. To form a measurement sample, and using a thermomechanical analyzer (trade name “TMA8310” manufactured by Rigaku) as a measurement device, under a nitrogen atmosphere, a tensile mode (49 mN), Adopting a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min, measuring the change in the length of the sample in the vertical direction from 50 ° C. to 200 ° C., the length per 1 ° C. in the temperature range of 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. The value obtained by calculating the average value of the changes in is adopted.
- TMA8310 manufactured by Rigaku
- Such a polyimide preferably has an elongation at break of 10% or more. If the elongation at break is less than the lower limit, the toughness tends to be low and mechanically brittle. Such elongation at break can be measured according to the method described in “JIS K7161” of Japanese Industrial Standard.
- the shape of such a polyimide is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a film shape or a powder shape, or may be a pellet shape by extrusion.
- the polyimide of the present invention can be formed into a film shape, formed into a pellet shape by extrusion molding, or can be appropriately formed into various shapes by a known method.
- the form in particular of the film is not restrict
- the thickness of such a polyimide film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 500 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 200 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than the lower limit, the strength tends to be reduced and handling tends to be difficult.On the other hand, if the upper limit is exceeded, multiple coatings may be required or processing may be complicated. Tend to occur.
- such a polyimide of the present invention has sufficiently high transparency and higher heat resistance.
- the reason why the polyimide of the present invention exhibits sufficiently high heat resistance and transparency is not necessarily clear, but the present inventors speculate as follows. That is, first, with respect to heat resistance, since the repeating unit of the polyimide of the present invention has a rigid alicyclic structure, the polyimide has a chemically sufficiently stable structure, and is based on a 5% weight loss temperature. The present inventors infer that a sufficiently high heat resistance is achieved because the heat resistance of the above is higher.
- such a polyimide forms a primary structure in which an acid dianhydride having a rigid alicyclic structure and an aromatic diamine are bonded, and a HOMO orbital is formed between the acid dianhydride part and the diamine part.
- the present inventors speculate that the polyimide has a very high transparency because it has a large energy gap between it and the LUMO orbital and it is difficult for electrons to be transferred between polyimide molecular chains.
- the application in which the polyimide of the present invention can be used is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately applied to a known application in which polyimide can be used.
- the polyimide of the present invention is a flexible wiring board film, heat-resistant insulating tape, electric wire enamel, semiconductor coating agent (for example, semiconductor protective coating agent), Liquid crystal alignment film, transparent conductive film for organic EL, organic EL lighting film, flexible substrate film, flexible organic EL substrate film, flexible display front film, flexible display back film, polyimide belt, coating agent, barrier film, Sealing material, interlayer insulating material, passivation film, TAB (Tape Automated Bonding) tape, optical waveguide, flexible transparent conductive film, transparent conductive film for organic thin film solar cell, for dye-sensitized solar cell Bright conductive film, flexible gas barrier film, touch panel film, seamless polyimide belt for copying machines (so-called transfer belt), transparent electrode substrate (transparent electrode substrate for organic EL,
- such a polyimide can be used in the form of a powder or various molded bodies, for example, by using its sufficiently high heat resistance. It can also be used as appropriate for industrial parts, aerospace parts, bearing parts, seal materials, bearing parts, gear wheels and valve parts. Further, such a polyimide can have a lower dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) depending on its structure. Therefore, when the polyimide of the present invention is used for, for example, a correlation insulating film material for a semiconductor, a substrate film for a flexible printed wiring board (FPC), transmission loss can be sufficiently reduced.
- FPC flexible printed wiring board
- the polyimide of the present invention can be suitably used for a high frequency band material (for example, a large scale integrated circuit (LSI) or an electronic circuit).
- LSI large scale integrated circuit
- a method for producing such polyimide will be described later.
- the polyimide of the present invention has been described above.
- the polyimide precursor resin of the present invention will be described.
- the polyimide precursor resin of the present invention has a structural unit (repeating unit) having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the general formula (7) and a structure having an exo / endo type steric structure which is an enantiomer thereof.
- the content of the repeating unit (B ′) with respect to the total amount of the repeating units (A ′) and (B ′) is 30 to 100 mol% in molar ratio.
- Such a polyimide precursor resin can be obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor resin (for example, by imidizing and dehydrating and ring-closing when the polyimide precursor resin is a polyamic acid). It can be formed.
- the polyimide precursor resin containing such a repeating unit (A ′) and / or (B ′) can be formed based on the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention and an aromatic diamine.
- the general formula (7) and are R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 5 in (8), the general formula (5) and (6) in the 1, R 2, similar to the R 3 and R 5 Is.
- the plurality of R 1 in the general formulas (7) and (8) may be the same or different from each other, but from the viewpoint of ease of purification and the like. Are preferably the same.
- R 2 and R 3 in the general formulas (7) and (8) may be the same or different, respectively, but are the same from the viewpoint of ease of purification and the like. It is preferable that.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms), or 3 to 3 carbon atoms. 9 alkylsilyl groups.
- Y 1 and Y 2 can change the type of the substituent and the introduction rate of the substituent by appropriately changing the production conditions. When such Y 1 and Y 2 are both hydrogen atoms (when they become so-called polyamic acid repeating units), the polyimide tends to be easily produced.
- Y 1 and Y 2 in the general formulas (7) and (8) are alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms), the storage stability of the polyimide precursor resin is improved. It tends to be better.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms), Y 1 and Y 2 are more preferably methyl groups or ethyl groups.
- Y 1 and Y 2 in the general formulas (7) and (8) are alkylsilyl groups having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, the solubility of the polyimide precursor resin tends to be more excellent. .
- Y 1 and Y 2 are alkylsilyl groups having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, Y 1 and Y 2 are more preferably trimethylsilyl groups or t-butyldimethylsilyl groups.
- Such a polyimide precursor resin has 1) polyamic acid (Y 1 in the general formula of the repeating unit contained in the polyimide precursor resin) depending on the type of substituents Y 1 and Y 2 in the repeating unit. also a hydrogen atom either Y 2 are), 2) a polyamic acid ester (Y 1, Y 2 at least partially alkyl group), 3) a polyamic acid silyl ester (Y 1, Y 2 at least partially alkylsilyl group ), Etc.
- all of Y 1 and Y 2 in the general formula of the repeating unit (A ′) and / or (B ′) are hydrogen atoms. Some polyamic acids are more preferred.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of the polyamic acid is preferably 0.05 to 3.0 dL / g, and preferably 0.1 to 2.0 dL / g. Is more preferable.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] is smaller than 0.05 dL / g, when a film-like polyimide is produced using the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ], the resulting film tends to be brittle, while 3.0 dL / g is reduced. When it exceeds, the viscosity is too high and the processability is lowered, and for example, when a film is produced, it is difficult to obtain a uniform film.
- the “inherent viscosity [ ⁇ ]” a value measured as follows is adopted. That is, first, N, N-dimethylacetamide is used as a solvent, and the polyamic acid is dissolved in the N, N-dimethylacetamide so as to have a concentration of 0.5 g / dL, and a measurement sample (solution) is obtained. obtain. Next, using the measurement sample, the viscosity of the measurement sample is measured using a kinematic viscometer under a temperature condition of 30 ° C., and the obtained value is adopted as the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ]. In addition, as such a kinematic viscometer, an automatic viscosity measuring device (trade name “VMC-252”) manufactured by Koiso Co., Ltd. is used.
- VMC-252 automatic viscosity measuring device manufactured by Koiso Co., Ltd.
- the introduction rate (Y 1 , Y) is not particularly limited, but at least a part of Y 1 and Y 2 is an alkyl group and / or an alkylsilyl group.
- 25% or more (more preferably 50% or more, more preferably 75% or more) of the total amount of Y 1 and Y 2 is preferably an alkyl group and / or an alkylsilyl group (in this case, alkyl Y 1 and Y 2 other than the group and / or the alkylsilyl group are hydrogen atoms).
- alkyl Y 1 and Y 2 other than the group and / or the alkylsilyl group are hydrogen atoms.
- the content of the repeating unit (B ′) having an end / end type three-dimensional structure is the repeating unit (A ′) and (B ′).
- the content of the repeating unit (B ′) relative to the total molar amount of the repeating units (A ′) and (B ′) is 40 to 100 mol from the viewpoint of obtaining higher mechanical strength.
- the polyimide precursor resin (more preferably polyamic acid) of the present invention mainly contains a repeating unit composed of the repeating unit (A ′) and / or the repeating unit (B ′) (more preferably a repeating unit). More preferably, the total amount of the unit (A ′) and the repeating unit (B ′) is from 50 to 100 mol% based on all repeating units.
- the total amount (total amount) of the repeating unit (A ′) and the repeating unit (B ′) is the polyimide precursor resin (more preferably polyamide).
- repeating units other than the repeating unit (A ′) and the repeating unit (B ′) are included within the range not impairing the effects of the present invention. May be included.
- Such other repeating units are not particularly limited, and include known repeating units that can be used as a polyimide precursor resin (more preferably, a repeating unit of polyamic acid), such as the tetracarboxylic acid of the present invention. Examples include repeating units derived from other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than dianhydrides.
- Other repeating units that can be contained in such a polyamic acid include, for example, the following general formula (14):
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- an alkylsilyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms as Y 3 are represented by the above general formulas (7) and (8).
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms preferably having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- alkylsilyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms described for Y 1 in the above and the preferred ones are also the same.
- the molar ratio ([total amount of repeating units represented by the above general formulas (7) and (8)]: [other repeating units]) is 99.9: 0. .1 to 0.1: 99.9. Furthermore, in the case of including other repeating units, the ratio of the total amount (total amount) of the repeating units represented by 5) and (8) and the content of the other repeating units is determined according to the heat resistance of the resulting polyimide. From the viewpoint of transparency, the molar ratio ([total amount of repeating units represented by the general formula (7)]: [content of other repeating units]) is 9: 1 to 5: 5 (more preferably 9 : 1 to 7: 3).
- Such a polyimide precursor resin (more preferably, polyamic acid) may be dissolved in an organic solvent to form a polyimide precursor resin solution (varnish).
- a polyimide precursor resin solution resin solution containing the polyimide precursor resin of the present invention (more preferably, polyamic acid) and an organic solvent
- a polyimide precursor resin described later is produced.
- the same organic solvent as that used in the above method can be preferably used. Therefore, such a polyimide precursor resin solution is prepared by carrying out a method for producing a polyimide precursor resin described later, and using the reaction solution obtained after the reaction as it is as a polyimide precursor resin solution. Also good.
- the content of the polyimide precursor resin in such a polyimide precursor resin solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 80% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 50% by mass. If such a content is less than the lower limit, the production of the polyimide film tends to be difficult. On the other hand, if the content exceeds the upper limit, the production of the polyimide film tends to be difficult.
- such a polyimide precursor resin solution can be suitably used for producing the polyimide of the present invention, and can be suitably used for producing polyimides having various shapes. For example, such a polyimide precursor resin solution is applied on various substrates, imidized and cured, whereby a film-shaped polyimide can be easily produced.
- Method for producing the polyimide precursor resin of the present invention A method that can be suitably employed as a method for producing the polyimide precursor resin of the present invention will be described.
- a polyimide precursor resin depends on the types of Y 1 and Y 2 , 1) polyamic acid (Y 1 and Y 2 in the general formula of each repeating unit are both hydrogen atoms); 2) polyamide ester (at least some alkyl groups of Y 1, Y 2); 3) at least a portion of the polyamic acid silyl ester (Y 1, Y 2 is alkyl silyl group); can be classified into, suitable in accordance with the classification Since the production methods are different, the method for producing the polyimide precursor will be briefly described below for each classification.
- the method for manufacturing such a polyimide precursor is not limited to the following manufacturing methods.
- a method that can be suitably used for producing a polyamic acid includes the above-described method of the present invention in the presence of an organic solvent.
- a structural unit (repeating unit) represented by the general formula (7) By reacting with an aromatic diamine represented by A structural unit (repeating unit) represented by the general formula (7) and having an endo / exo type steric structure in which both Y 1 and Y 2 are hydrogen atoms, and an exo / endo type which is an enantiomer thereof
- At least one repeating unit (A ′) selected from the group consisting of structural units (repeating units) having the following three-dimensional structure, and / or Y 1 in the general formula (8) and Y 2 contains the repeating unit (B ′), both of which are hydrogen atoms, and the content of the repeating unit (B ′) with respect to the total amount of the repeating units (A ′) and (B ′) is a molar ratio.
- step (I) the polyamic acid suitable as the polyimide precursor resin of the present invention.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride used in such a method for producing a polyamic acid is the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention.
- aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (15) include 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylethane, and 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl.
- the method for producing such an aromatic diamine is not particularly limited, and a known method can be appropriately employed. Moreover, you may use a commercially available thing suitably as such aromatic diamine. Moreover, you may utilize the aromatic diamine represented by such General formula (15) individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- organic solvent used for the said process (I) the organic which can melt
- a solvent is preferred.
- organic solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, propylene carbonate, tetramethylurea, 1,3- Aprotic polar solvents such as dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, pyridine; phenol solvents such as m-cresol, xylenol, phenol, halogenated phenol; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, cellosolve, glyme And ether solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene.
- Such organic solvents may be used singly or in combination of two
- the use ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention and the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (15) is not particularly limited, but relative to 1 equivalent of the amino group of the aromatic diamine.
- the acid anhydride group of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably 0.2 to 2 equivalents, and more preferably 0.3 to 1.2 equivalents. If the preferred use ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine is less than the lower limit, the polymerization reaction does not proceed efficiently, and a high molecular weight polyamic acid tends not to be obtained. When it exceeds, it exists in the tendency for a high molecular weight polyamic acid not to be obtained like the above.
- the amount of the organic solvent used is such that the total amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention and the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (15) is 1 to 80 mass based on the total amount of the reaction solution. % (More preferably 5 to 50% by mass). If the amount of the organic solvent used is less than the lower limit, it tends to be impossible to obtain a polyamic acid efficiently. There is a tendency.
- a basic compound may be further added to the organic solvent.
- Such basic compounds are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include triethylamine, tetrabutylamine, tetrahexylamine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -undecene-7, pyridine, isoquinoline, ⁇ -picoline and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the amount of such a basic compound used is preferably 0.001 to 10 equivalents relative to 1 equivalent of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1). It is more preferable that the amount be 0.1 equivalent. If the amount of such a basic compound used is less than the above lower limit, the effect of addition tends not to be exhibited. On the other hand, if it exceeds the upper limit, it tends to cause coloring or the like.
- the reaction temperature when the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is reacted with the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (15) is appropriately adjusted to a temperature at which these compounds can be reacted. Although it is not particularly limited, it is preferably 15 to 100 ° C.
- a method of reacting the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention with the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (15) a polymerization reaction of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine is performed.
- the aromatic diamines are dissolved in a solvent in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen, helium, argon, etc.
- a method may be employed in which tetracarboxylic dianhydride is added and then reacted for 10 to 48 hours. If the reaction temperature or reaction time is less than the lower limit, it tends to be difficult to cause sufficient reaction. On the other hand, if the upper limit is exceeded, the probability of mixing a substance (such as oxygen) that degrades the polymer increases and the molecular weight increases. It tends to decrease.
- a substance such as oxygen
- the polyamic acid can be obtained by reacting the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention with the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (15) in the presence of an organic solvent.
- the ratio of the repeating units (A ′) and (B ′) in the polyamic acid is derived from the isomer ratio in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention as a monomer.
- the ratio of the acid dianhydride (A) and the acid dianhydride (B) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is the same as that of the repeating unit (A ′) and the repeating unit (B ′). The value is the same as the ratio.
- the tetracarboxylic acid of the present invention is used in the production of the polyamic acid. You may employ
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (14) is introduced as another repeating unit in the polyamic acid.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (13) is introduced into the polyimide obtained using the polyamic acid
- R 7 in the general formula (16), R 8, R 9, R 10, n , respectively, is R 7, R 8, R 9 , R 10, n synonymous in the general formula (13) (The preferred ones are also the same).
- limit especially as a method for manufacturing the other tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by such General formula (16) For example, in well-known method (For example, international publication 2011/099517) And the method described in International Publication No. 2011/099518 can be appropriately employed.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention
- the compounds exemplified above can be used as appropriate, but such other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides can be used.
- aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride or the like as a product, from the viewpoint of preventing coloration due to intramolecular CT, the amount used is such that the resulting polyimide can have sufficient transparency. It is preferable to appropriately change within such a range.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention and the other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides (existing in the reaction system)
- the total amount of acid anhydride groups in all tetracarboxylic dianhydrides is 0.2 to 2 equivalents (more preferably) with respect to 1 equivalent of the amino group of the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (15). Is preferably 0.3 to 1.2 equivalents).
- the ratio of use thereof is a molar ratio ([tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention]: [others Of tetracarboxylic dianhydride]) of 9: 1 to 5: 5 (more preferably 9: 1 to 7: 3). If the use ratio (molar ratio) of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is less than the lower limit, the heat resistance of the resulting polyimide tends to decrease. There exists a tendency for the effect on the physical property of the polyimide using an anhydride to become difficult to express.
- the isolation method is not particularly limited, and a known polyamic acid can be isolated.
- a method can be appropriately employed. For example, a method of isolating as a reprecipitate may be employed.
- the following method can be suitably used. That is, in such a method, first, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is reacted with an arbitrary alcohol to obtain a diester dicarboxylic acid, and then a chlorinating reagent (for example, thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, etc.) To obtain diester dicarboxylic acid chloride (a derivative of tetracarboxylic acid). In addition, you may prepare diester dicarboxylic acid chloride (derivative of tetracarboxylic acid) using the carbonyl compound of the present invention.
- a chlorinating reagent for example, thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, etc.
- the monomer component containing the diester dicarboxylic acid chloride thus obtained (the component containing the diester dicarboxylic acid chloride and, optionally, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention) and the fragrance
- the monomer component and the aromatic diamine are mixed with each other by preparing a mixture of a group diamine and stirring the mixture in a range of ⁇ 20 to 120 ° C. (more preferably ⁇ 5 to 80 ° C.) for 1 to 72 hours.
- the repeating unit (B ′) represented by the general formula (8) [provided that at least one of Y 1 and Y 2 in the repeating units (A ′) and (B ′) A part represents an alkyl group.
- the polyamic acid ester (the polyimide precursor of the present invention described above) in which the content of the repeating unit (B ′) relative to the total amount of the repeating units (A ′) and (B ′) is 30 to 100 mol% in molar ratio A preferred embodiment of the body resin.
- the reaction when the reaction is performed at a temperature exceeding the upper limit (preferably 80 ° C.) at the time of stirring, the molecular weight tends to fluctuate depending on the temperature history at the time of polymerization, and imidation may proceed due to heat. Since it may occur, it tends to be difficult to stably produce the polyimide precursor.
- the polyimide precursor which consists of the said polyamic acid ester is simply obtained also by carrying out the dehydration condensation of the diester dicarboxylic acid and the said aromatic diamine using a phosphorus-type condensing agent, a carbodiimide condensing agent, etc. Since the polyimide precursor comprising a polyamic acid ester obtained by such a method is stable, it can be purified by reprecipitation by adding a solvent such as water or alcohol.
- the aromatic diamine and the silylating agent are reacted to obtain the silylated aromatic diamine.
- a solution is obtained by dissolving a silylated aromatic diamine or a mixture of a silylated aromatic diamine and an aromatic diamine (non-silylated) in a dehydrated solvent.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is gradually added to the solution and stirred for 1 to 72 hours in the range of 0 to 120 ° C. (preferably 5 to 80 ° C.).
- a polyamic acid silyl ester (polyimide of the present invention) wherein the content of the repeating unit (B ′) relative to the total amount of the repeating units (A ′) and (B ′) is 30 to 100 mol% in molar ratio A preferred embodiment of the precursor resin is obtained.
- the polyamic acid silyl ester can be more efficiently produced.
- the reaction is carried out at a temperature exceeding the upper limit (preferably 80 ° C.), the molecular weight is likely to vary depending on the temperature history during polymerization, and imidization proceeds by heat. Therefore, it is difficult to stably produce the polyimide precursor resin.
- the silylating agent it is preferable to use a silylating agent not containing a chlorine atom. By using a silylating agent that does not contain a chlorine atom in this way, it is not necessary to purify the silylated aromatic diamine, so that the process can be further simplified.
- silylating agents not containing a chlorine atom examples include N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide, N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide, and hexamethyldisilazane.
- the silylating agent is particularly preferably N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide or hexamethyldisilazane because it does not contain a fluorine atom and is low in cost.
- an amine catalyst such as pyridine, piperidine or triethylamine can be used in the silylation reaction of the aromatic diamine in order to accelerate the reaction. Such an amine catalyst can be used as it is as a polymerization catalyst for the polyimide precursor.
- a direct method As such a direct method, first, a method that can be suitably used for producing the above-described polyamic acid is adopted, and the reaction solution obtained in the step (I) is directly prepared as a polyamic acid solution. Then, a silylating agent is mixed with the obtained polyamic acid solution, and the mixture is stirred for 1 to 72 hours in the range of 0 to 120 ° C. (preferably 5 to 80 ° C.). A method (direct method) for obtaining a polyimide precursor resin can be employed.
- the reaction when the reaction is performed at a temperature exceeding the upper limit (preferably 80 ° C.) at the time of stirring, the molecular weight tends to fluctuate depending on the temperature history at the time of polymerization, and imidation may proceed due to heat. Since it may occur, it tends to be difficult to stably produce the polyimide precursor.
- a silylating agent that can be used in such a direct method, a silylated polyamic acid or a silylating agent that does not contain a chlorine atom can be used because it is not necessary to purify the obtained polyimide. preferable.
- silylating agents not containing a chlorine atom examples include N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide, N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide, and hexamethyldisilazane. Further, as such a silylating agent, N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide and hexamethyldisilazane are particularly preferable because they do not contain a fluorine atom and are low in cost.
- any of the methods for producing the polyimide precursor described above can be carried out in an organic solvent.
- the varnish of a polyimide precursor resin can be obtained easily.
- the polyimide can be easily obtained by apply
- an imidization method a method capable of preparing polyimide by forming an imide bond according to the type of polyimide precursor resin (particularly the type of Y 1 and Y 2 in the formula) is appropriately used. Adopt it.
- the polyimide of the said invention is obtained by imidating the polyamic acid suitable as a polyimide precursor resin of the said invention.
- the method can be adopted.
- Such a polyamic acid has a structural unit (repeating unit) represented by the general formula (7) and Y 1 and Y 2 in the formula are both hydrogen atoms and a structural unit (repeating unit) thereof.
- the method for preparing such a polyamic acid is not particularly limited, but the method including the step (I) described in the method that can be suitably used for producing the above-described polyamic acid is preferable.
- Such an imidization method is not particularly limited as long as it can imidize the polyamic acid, and a known method can be appropriately employed.
- the polyamic acid is added at 60 to 400 ° C. It is preferable to employ a method of imidizing by heat treatment (more preferably 150 to 350 ° C.) or a method of imidizing using a so-called “imidizing agent”.
- the reaction tends to be delayed if the heating temperature is less than 60 ° C., and on the other hand, if the upper limit is exceeded, coloring or thermal decomposition may occur. There is a tendency for molecular weight to decrease.
- the reaction time (heating time) when employing the method of imidizing by heat treatment is preferably 0.5 to 5 hours. If such a reaction time is less than the lower limit, it tends to be difficult to sufficiently imidize. On the other hand, if it exceeds the upper limit, it tends to be colored or decrease in molecular weight due to thermal decomposition.
- imidizing agent when adopting a method of imidizing using a so-called “imidating agent”, it is preferable to imidize the polyamic acid in a solvent in the presence of an imidizing agent.
- a solvent the thing similar to the organic solvent used for the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned polyimide acid of the present invention can be used conveniently.
- an imidizing agent a known imidizing agent can be appropriately used.
- acid anhydrides such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, pyridine, collidine, lutidine, triethylamine, N And tertiary amines such as methylpiperidine.
- the reaction temperature during imidation is preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably 0 to 180 ° C., and 30 to 150 ° C. More preferably.
- the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 48 hours. If the reaction temperature or time is less than the lower limit, it tends to be difficult to sufficiently imidize.
- a condensing agent (carboxylic anhydride, carbodiimide, acid azide, active esterifying agent, etc.) and a reaction accelerator (tertiary amine) are used. Etc.) is preferably used (a combination thereof).
- a condensing agent a so-called dehydrating condensing agent such as carboxylic acid anhydride, carbodiimide, acid azide, and active esterifying agent
- a reaction accelerator tertiary amine, etc.
- the polyamic acid can be more efficiently dehydrated and closed and imidized.
- Such a condensing agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include carboxylic anhydrides such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride and trifluoroacetic anhydride, carbodiimides such as N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and diphenyl phosphoric acid.
- carboxylic anhydrides such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride and trifluoroacetic anhydride
- carbodiimides such as N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and diphenyl phosphoric acid.
- acid azides such as azide (DPPA), active esterifying agents such as Castro reagent, and dehydrating condensation agents such as 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxytriazine (CDMT).
- the reaction accelerator is not particularly limited as long as it can be used when the polyamic acid is condensed to form a polyimide, and a known compound can be appropriately used.
- a reaction accelerator can also function as an acid scavenger that supplements the acid by-produced during the reaction. Therefore, by using such a reaction accelerator, acceleration of the reaction and a reverse reaction due to by-product acid are suppressed, and the reaction can proceed more efficiently.
- Such a reaction accelerator is not particularly limited, but more preferably also serves as an acid scavenger.
- DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
- DABCO 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane
- DBN diazabicyclononene
- DBU diazabicycloundecene
- reaction accelerators triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylpiperidine, and pyridine are preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity, availability, and practicality, triethylamine, pyridine, and N-methylpiperidine are more preferable, and triethylamine, N More preferred is methylpiperidine.
- Such reaction accelerators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an imidizing agent for example, a catalytic amount of a reaction accelerator (DMAP, etc.) and an azeotropic dehydrating agent (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.) are added to form a polyamic acid.
- a reaction accelerator DMAP, etc.
- an azeotropic dehydrating agent benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.
- an azeotropic dehydrating agent may be appropriately used together with the reaction accelerator.
- Such an azeotropic dehydrating agent is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected from known azeotropic dehydrating agents according to the type of material used in the reaction.
- the said process ( After carrying out I), the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is reacted with the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (15) in an organic solvent without isolating the polyamic acid.
- the obtained reaction liquid (reaction liquid containing the polyamic acid) is used as it is, and after the solvent is removed by subjecting the reaction liquid to evaporation removal (solvent removal treatment), the heat treatment is performed.
- a method of imidization may be employed.
- the polyamic acid can be isolated in the form of a film or the like and then subjected to a heat treatment or the like.
- the temperature condition in the method of evaporating and removing the solvent is preferably 0 to 180 ° C., more preferably 30 to 150 ° C. If the temperature condition in such a drying process is less than the lower limit, it tends to be difficult to sufficiently evaporate and remove the solvent. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds the upper limit, the solvent boils and becomes a film containing bubbles and voids. There is a tendency.
- the reaction solution obtained may be applied as it is on a substrate (for example, a glass plate), and the solvent may be removed by evaporation and heat treatment, It becomes possible to produce a film-like polyimide by a simple method.
- a coating method of such a reaction liquid A well-known method (casting method etc.) can be employ
- the isolation method is not particularly limited, and a known method capable of isolating the polyamic acid can be appropriately employed. Alternatively, a method of isolating as a reprecipitate may be adopted.
- step (I) and step (II) when using the method including step (I) and step (II) and adopting a method of imidizing using an “imidizing agent”, an “imide” using an “imidizing agent” In the first place, it is preferable to imidize in a solvent (more preferably, the organic solvent described in the method for producing a polyamic acid of the present invention).
- a solvent more preferably, the organic solvent described in the method for producing a polyamic acid of the present invention.
- reaction liquid reaction liquid containing the said polyamic acid obtained by making carboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine represented by the said General formula (15) react (process (I) was implemented).
- the reaction solution is used as it is without isolating the polyamic acid from the reaction solution later), and an imidization method can be suitably employed by adding an imidizing agent to the reaction solution. .
- the above-mentioned viewpoint (the reaction solution as it is) is used.
- the organic solvent described in the above-described method for producing a polyamic acid of the present invention (solvent used during polymerization: polymerization solvent) is preferable.
- N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2 -Pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like are preferable, and N, N-dimethylacetamide is more preferable.
- organic solvents polymerization solvents
- the organic solvent (polymerization solvent) has a boiling point of 20 ° C.
- the above is preferable, and the temperature is preferably 50 to 250 ° C. If the boiling point is less than the above lower limit, polymerization at atmospheric pressure and room temperature becomes difficult, and there is a tendency to be carried out under special conditions such as under pressure and low temperature.
- the organic solvent solvent
- the temperature condition during the chemical imidation is preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. to It is more preferably 150 ° C., further preferably 0 to 150 ° C., and particularly preferably 50 to 100 ° C. If such a temperature exceeds the upper limit, an undesirable side reaction tends to proceed and polyimide cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the temperature is lower than the lower limit, the reaction rate of chemical imidation decreases or the reaction itself does not proceed. Tend not to be obtained.
- imidization can be performed at a relatively low temperature range of ⁇ 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., so that the environmental load is reduced. It is possible to make it an advantageous method in the manufacturing process.
- the amount of the condensing agent used is not particularly limited, but is 0.05 to 0.05 with respect to 1 mol of the repeating unit in the polyamic acid.
- the amount is preferably 10.0 mol, more preferably 1 to 5 mol. If the amount of such a condensing agent (imidizing agent) used is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate of chemical imidization tends to decrease or the reaction itself does not proceed sufficiently and polyimide cannot be obtained sufficiently, When the upper limit is exceeded, an undesirable side reaction proceeds, and thus polyimide cannot be obtained efficiently.
- the usage-amount of the said reaction accelerator is although it does not restrict
- the amount is preferably from 05 to 4.0 mol, and more preferably from 0.5 to 2 mol. If the amount of the reaction accelerator used is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate of chemical imidization tends to decrease, or the reaction itself does not proceed sufficiently and polyimide cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, it exceeds the upper limit. As a result, an undesirable side reaction proceeds, and thus polyimide cannot be obtained efficiently.
- the pressure conditions for performing such chemical imidation are not particularly limited, but are preferably 0.01 hPa to 1 MPa, more preferably 0.1 hPa to 0.3 MPa. If such pressure is less than the lower limit, the solvent, the condensing agent, and the reaction accelerator are gasified, the stoichiometry is lost, the reaction is adversely affected, and the reaction tends to be difficult to proceed sufficiently. On the other hand, when the above upper limit is exceeded, undesirable side reactions proceed or the solubility of the polyamic acid is lowered and tends to precipitate before imidization.
- the polyimide obtained by this invention when the polyimide obtained by this invention is obtained in the state melt
- the polyimide may be deposited and recovered.
- dissolve in this way it also becomes possible to obtain a polyimide as a deposit. In this case, it can also be set as a powder (particulate) polyimide.
- the ratio of the said repeating unit (A) and (B) in the obtained polyimide is the tetra of the said invention as a monomer.
- the ratio of the acid dianhydride (A) to the acid dianhydride (B) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is derived from the isomer ratio in the carboxylic dianhydride. However, it becomes the same as the ratio of the repeating unit (A) and the repeating unit (B) as it is.
- the polyimide obtained by the present invention contains other repeating units together with the repeating units (A) and (B), the polyamic acid used for the production thereof is used as the repeating unit (A ′).
- other repeating units may be contained.
- the production method of the polyimide of the present invention is a method including the steps (I) and (II)
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention and other tetracarboxylic acid A dianhydride may be used, and after reacting these with the aromatic diamine, the step (II) may be performed.
- the step (II) may be performed as other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention, those similar to those described in the step (I) can be appropriately used.
- the identification of the molecular structure and the like of the compounds obtained in each of the examples and comparative examples described below is performed according to the type of the compound, such as infrared absorption spectrum measurement (IR measurement), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum measurement ( (NMR measurement) etc.
- IR measurement infrared absorption spectrum measurement
- NMR measurement nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum measurement
- an IR measurement device Thermo Scientific, product name: Nicolet 380 FT-IR spectrometer
- NMR measurement device Variarian, product name: UNITY INOVA
- BNB 5,5′-bibicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene
- BNB-toluene solution a compound having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the following general formula (18) and a compound having an exo / endo type steric structure which is an enantiomer thereof.
- A hereinafter, simply referred to as “BNB-A” in some cases.
- the atmosphere gas containing carbon monoxide was removed from the inside of the reaction kettle to depressurize, and the atmosphere gas inside the reaction kettle was replaced with nitrogen.
- the temperature was raised to 50 degrees while flowing nitrogen into the reaction kettle, and it was confirmed that the concentration of carbon monoxide in the gas discharged from the reaction kettle (exit gas) was 0 ppm. Thereafter, the temperature inside the reaction kettle was further raised to 65 ° C., whereby methanol was distilled off from the reaction solution in the reaction kettle to obtain a solid content.
- the filtrate is then heated and maintained at a temperature of 80 ° C., washed twice with 5% hydrochloric acid (1.0 kg), once with saturated multi-layer water (10 kg), and once with ion-exchanged water (10 kg). did.
- the obtained organic layer was filtered, and the solid content deposited in the washing solution was removed (separated) to obtain an organic layer.
- the solid content removed from the washing solution was washed with toluene (5.0 kg), and then the washing solution was added to the organic layer.
- the organic layer was charged again into the 50 L reaction kettle, heated to 110 ° C. with stirring, and toluene was distilled off (the amount of distilled toluene was 23 kg), and then the heating was stopped to react.
- Recrystallization was performed by cooling the kettle to precipitate a solid (crystal).
- the solid content (crystals) thus obtained was collected by filtration, washed 4 times with toluene (0.6 kg), and vacuum dried at 60 ° C. By such an operation, 873 g of a product (white crystals) was obtained.
- GPC analysis when GPC analysis was performed on the obtained product, it contained impurities (a polymer obtained by addition polymerization of norbornene rings in the raw material compound, a polymer obtained by bonding a plurality of norbornene rings with keto groups, etc.) The amount was confirmed to be 0.17%.
- GPC analysis is performed by gel permeation chromatography measuring apparatus (GPC, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, trade name: HLC-8020 / four columns: manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, trade name: TSK gel GMH HR , solvent: Tetrahydrofuran (THF)) was used.
- BNBTE (5,5′-bi-2-norbornene-5, containing 100 mol% of BNBTE-B as a stereoisomer was used. It was found that 5 ′, 6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester) can be produced sufficiently efficiently.
- a glass tube was arranged so that gas could be bubbled through the glass tube with respect to the mixed solution existing inside the container.
- the container was sealed and the atmosphere gas inside was replaced with nitrogen.
- a vacuum pump was connected to the container, and the inside of the container was depressurized (pressure in the container: 0.015 MPa).
- the atmosphere gas containing carbon monoxide is removed from the inside of the vessel, and methanol is removed from the reaction solution by concentrating the reaction solution with an evaporator while maintaining the temperature in the range of 30 to 40 ° C.
- chloroform 600 ml was added to the reaction product, and the mixture was filtered through celite.
- the filtrate was washed 3 times with 5% hydrochloric acid (300 mL), twice with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (300 mL), and 1 with ion-exchanged water (300 mL).
- the organic layer was recovered, 90 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate was added as a desiccant, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour.
- the desiccant was filtered off from the organic layer, and the organic layer after the desiccant was filtered off was concentrated to obtain 50.8 g of a brown oily product.
- isopropyl alcohol (203 mL) was added to the oily product to obtain a liquid mixture, and the liquid mixture was then introduced into a tank of an ultrasonic cleaner whose temperature was adjusted to 40 ° C.
- a precipitate was deposited in the mixed solution.
- the precipitate thus deposited was separated from the mixture by filtration to obtain a filtrate.
- the obtained filtrate was concentrated to obtain a brown oily substance (note that the amount of the precipitate obtained as described above was 20.0 g, and the amount of the oily substance was 25.2 g. Met).
- the precipitate was found to have a molar ratio of BNBTE-A to BNBTE-B ([BNBTE -A] / [BNBTE-B]) was confirmed to be a mixture of stereoisomers of 0/100 BNBTE (BNBTE-B content of 100 mol% BNBTE).
- BNBTE-B content of 100 mol% BNBTE.
- both the oily substance and the precipitate were a mixture of stereoisomers of BNBTE, but it was confirmed that the isomer ratios were different.
- Figure as a result of the 1 H-NMR measurement, a graph of 1 H-NMR of the oil-like substance (concentrate of the filtrate) is shown in Figure 4, a graph of 1 H-NMR of the precipitate (solids) As shown in FIG.
- Example 2 Synthesis of tetracarboxylic dianhydride (Example 2)
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride was prepared as follows using the BNBTE obtained in Example 1 (the content of BNBTE-B was 100 mol%). That is, first, a 50 L GL reaction kettle was purged with nitrogen, and BNBTE (850 g, 2.01 mol, BNBTE-B content: 100 mol%) obtained in Example 1, acetic acid (12.2 kg), trifluoro Lomethanesulfonic acid (7.6 g, 0.050 mol) was added to obtain a mixture. Next, the mixture is heated to 113 ° C.
- the BNBDA includes a stereoisomer A (comprising a compound having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the following general formula (24) and a compound having an exo / endo type steric structure which is an enantiomer thereof.
- BNBDA-A Endo / exo type and exo / endo type enantiomers are indistinguishable spectroscopically, and hence both are evaluated as “stereoisomer A”.
- stereoisomer B having an endo / endo type steric structure represented by the following general formula (25) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “BNBDA-B”) may exist,
- BNBDA-B stereoisomer B having an endo / endo type steric structure represented by the following general formula (25)
- BNBTE (25.2 g, 59.7 mmol, brown oil) having a molar ratio of BNBTE-A to BNBTE-B ([BNBTE-A] / [BNBTE-B]) of 71/29 obtained in Comparative Example 1 was dissolved in acetic acid (348 g), and the solution was added to a 1 L two-necked flask with a reflux tube. Next, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF 3 SO 3 H, 15.0 g, 2.98 mmol) is added to the solution as an acid catalyst (homogeneous acid catalyst), and acetic anhydride (24.4 g) is further added and mixed. A liquid was obtained.
- the mixture is heated with stirring with a magnetic stirrer under a nitrogen stream at atmospheric pressure to bring the temperature in the flask to 118 ° C.
- the solution was refluxed for 6.5 hours (refluxing step). Thereafter, the heating was stopped, the mixture was cooled to room temperature (25 ° C.), and recrystallization was performed.
- the obtained crystals were filtered and washed once with acetic acid (80 mL), and then the crystals were heated and dried in vacuo at 80 ° C. In this way, 4.86 g of a gray powder was obtained as a crude product (crude yield 25%).
- Sublimation purification was performed on 0.996 g of the crude product thus obtained by the following method. That is, the crude product was placed in a Kugel distillation apparatus (GTO-2000 manufactured by Shibata Kagaku) and set. Next, after the pressure in the apparatus was reduced to 1.2 Torr at room temperature (25 ° C.), the temperature was gradually raised to 315 ° C. while gradually raising the temperature gradually to 200 ° C. and 250 ° C. . After the temperature was raised in this way and the temperature reached 315 ° C., heating was continued for 1.5 hours, and the temperature was returned to room temperature. In this way, purification by sublimation was performed to obtain a product (0.911 g, yield of sublimation purification 92%, total yield 23%).
- GTO-2000 Kugel distillation apparatus manufactured by Shibata Kagaku
- IR measurement and NMR measurement were conducted.
- the obtained product had a BNBDA-A content of 100 mol. % BNBDA.
- an IR spectrum graph is shown in FIG. 9, a 1 H-NMR graph is shown in FIG. 10, and a 13 C-NMR graph is shown in FIG. .
- BNBTE having a molar ratio of BNBTE-A to BNBTE-B ([BNBTE-A] / [BNBTE-B]) of 71/29
- BNBDA having a molar ratio of BNBTE-A to BNBTE-B ([BNBTE-A] / [BNBTE-B]) of 71/29
- the reason for the formation of BNBDA having a content of -A of 100 mol% is not necessarily clear, but after the refluxing step in obtaining a crude product, recrystallization is carried out by gradually cooling from the reaction temperature (118 ° C.) to room temperature. The process corresponds to a so-called crystallization process.
- the concentration of the solution was low (concentration is about 6.5 wt%), so that the components in the dissolved product (mixture of BNBDA-A and BNBDA-B) BNBDA-A, which was the main component of the raw material, precipitated more than a part, and BNBDA-B having a low concentration in the raw material was deposited only at a level where it was not detected.
- the BNBDA-B is due to that no precipitate and the present inventors speculate. In particular, the present inventors speculate that BNBDA-B did not precipitate because the concentration in the solution was lower than the saturation concentration.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone N, N-dimethylacetamide
- the obtained mixed liquid is stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 3.5 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to form polyamic acid, and a reaction liquid containing the polyamic acid (polyamic acid solution) is prepared. Obtained. A part of the reaction solution [polyamic acid solution (solvent: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone)] thus obtained was used to remove the solvent and isolate the polyamic acid.
- the polyamic acid was dissolved in N, N-dimethylacetamide so as to have a concentration of 0.5 g / dL to prepare a measurement sample (solution).
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of the polyamic acid was obtained.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] was 0.54 dL / g.
- the reaction solution (polyamic acid solution) obtained by the polyamic acid preparation step is a large slide glass (trade name “S9213” manufactured by Matsunami Glass Industrial Co., Ltd., length: 76 mm, width 52 mm, thickness 1.3 mm).
- a spin coating was applied on top to form a coating film on a glass plate. Thereafter, the glass plate on which the coating film was formed was put into an oven, the temperature condition was set to 60 ° C., and the mixture was allowed to stand in a nitrogen atmosphere for 4 hours, and then the temperature condition was changed to 300 ° C. (final heating temperature).
- the coating film was cured by allowing to stand for a time, and a polyimide-coated glass in which a thin film made of polyimide (a film made of polyimide) was coated on the glass substrate was obtained.
- the polyimide-coated glass thus obtained is taken out from the oven, immersed in hot water of 90 ° C. for 0.5 hour, and the film is peeled off from the glass substrate and collected, whereby the film thickness is 6 ⁇ m.
- a film made of polyimide was obtained.
- the film which consists of an obtained polyimide when the color was confirmed visually, it was confirmed that it is colorless and transparent.
- the obtained polyimide is a polyimide containing a repeating unit (B) having an end / end type three-dimensional structure represented by the general formula (6) at a ratio of 100 mol%. It is clear that there is.
- Example 4 First, 5,5′-bi-2-norbornene-5,5 ′, 6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester (BNBDA) having a BNBDA-B content of 100 mol% obtained in Example 2 was used.
- BNBDA 6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester
- the obtained polyimide has a structural unit having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the above general formula (5) and an exo / endo type steric structure which is an enantiomer thereof.
- the repeating unit (A) composed of structural units having a repeating unit (B) having an end / end type steric structure represented by the above general formula (6) is in a molar ratio [repeating unit (A): repeating unit. (B)] is clearly contained in a ratio of 50:50.
- the obtained polyimide has a structural unit having an endo / exo type steric structure represented by the above general formula (5) and an exo / endo type steric structure which is an enantiomer thereof. It is clear that it is a polyimide containing the repeating unit (A) composed of the structural units having a proportion of 100 mol%.
- the 5% weight reduction temperature of the polyimide obtained in each example, etc. is obtained by using a thermogravimetric analyzer (“TG / DTA220” manufactured by SII Nano Technology Co., Ltd.) using the polyimide film produced in each example. The temperature is raised from room temperature to 40 ° C. while flowing nitrogen gas, and the starting temperature is 40 ° C. and 10 ° C./min. The temperature was determined by measuring the temperature at which the weight of the sample used was reduced by 5%. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.
- the polyimides obtained in Examples 3 to 4 and Comparative Example 3 are all based on the values of total light transmittance, haze (turbidity) and yellowness (YI). As a result, it was confirmed that the film has sufficiently excellent transparency.
- the polyimides obtained in Examples 3 to 4 and Comparative Example 3 all have a 5% weight reduction temperature of 484 ° C. or higher, and have sufficiently high heat resistance based on the 5% weight reduction temperature. I found out that it would be a thing. Thus, it was confirmed that all of the polyimides obtained in Examples 3 to 4 and Comparative Example 3 have a high level of heat resistance while having sufficient light transmission.
- Example 5 5,5′-bi-2-norbornene-5,5 ′, 6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester (BNBDA-B) having a BNBDA-B content of 100 mol% obtained in Example 2 Content of 100 mol%) was changed from 0.743 g (2.25 mmol) to 5.95 g (18.0 mmol), and 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) was used as the aromatic diamine.
- BNBDA-B 5,5′-bi-2-norbornene-5,5 ′, 6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of the polyamic acid thus obtained was 0.51 dL / g.
- the measured IR spectrum of a film made of polyimide obtained in this manner, 1701Cm -1, since the C O stretching vibration of an imide carbonyl to 1775 cm -1 is observed, the film obtained from the polyimide It was confirmed that
- the obtained polyimide is a polyimide containing a repeating unit (B) having an end / end type three-dimensional structure represented by the general formula (6) at a ratio of 100 mol%. It is clear that there is.
- Example 5 Properties (total light transmittance (%), haze (turbidity:%), yellowness (YI), 5% weight loss temperature (° C.) and elongation at break of the polyimide thus obtained (Example 5) The degree (%)) was measured in the same manner as the polyimide obtained in Example 3. As a result, each characteristic of the polyimide obtained in Example 5 was as follows: total light transmittance: 89%, haze: 0.5%, YI: 1.33, 5% weight loss temperature: 488.4 ° C., breaking point Elongation: It was confirmed to be 15.1%. From these results, it was confirmed that the polyimide of the present invention (Example 5) has a sufficiently high level of heat resistance while having a sufficient light transmittance.
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride that can be used as a raw material monomer for producing a polyimide having sufficient light transmittance and a higher level of heat resistance.
- a carbonyl compound that can be used to efficiently produce the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a polyimide that has sufficient light transmittance and a higher level of heat resistance, and the polyimide It is possible to provide a polyimide precursor resin that can be suitably used for producing the resin. Therefore, the polyimide of the present invention is particularly useful as a material for producing a polyimide product for use in the various applications described above (for example, films for flexible wiring boards).
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Abstract
Description
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する化合物及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の酸二無水物(A)、並びに/又は、下記一般式(2):
で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有する酸二無水物(B)からなり、かつ、
前記酸二無水物(A)及び(B)の総量に対する前記酸二無水物(B)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%である、ものである。
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基及び炭素数7~20のアラルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する化合物及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカルボニル化合物(A)、並びに/又は、下記一般式(4):
で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有するカルボニル化合物(B)からなり、かつ、
前記カルボニル化合物(A)及び(B)の総量に対する前記カルボニル化合物(B)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%である、ものである。
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する構造単位及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する構造単位からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位(A)、並びに/又は、下記一般式(6):
で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有する繰り返し単位(B)を含有し、かつ、
前記繰り返し単位(A)及び(B)の総量に対する前記繰り返し単位(B)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%である、ものである。
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示し、
Y1及びY2はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基及び炭素数3~9のアルキルシリル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する構造単位及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する構造単位からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位(A’)、並びに/又は、下記一般式(8):
で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有する繰り返し単位(B’)を含有し、かつ、
前記繰り返し単位(A’)及び(B’)の総量に対する前記繰り返し単位(B’)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%である、ものである。
本発明のテトラカルボン酸二無水物は、上記一般式(1)で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する化合物及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の酸二無水物(A)、並びに/又は、上記一般式(2)で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有する酸二無水物(B)からなり、かつ、前記酸二無水物(A)及び(B)の総量に対する前記酸二無水物(B)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%である、ものである。
本発明のカルボニル化合物は、上記一般式(3)で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する化合物及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカルボニル化合物(A)、並びに/又は、上記一般式(4)で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有するカルボニル化合物(B)からなり、かつ、前記カルボニル化合物(A)及び(B)の総量に対する前記カルボニル化合物(B)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%である、ものである。なお、カルボニル化合物に関し、前記エンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する化合物と、その鏡像体(鏡像異性体)である前記エキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する化合物は、分光学上区別をつけることができないため、これらを「カルボニル化合物(A)」と称する。
本発明のカルボニル化合物を製造するための方法として好適に採用することが可能な方法について説明する。このようなカルボニル化合物を製造するための方法としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、パラジウム触媒及び酸化剤の存在下において、下記一般式(I):
で表されるノルボルネン系化合物をアルコール及び一酸化炭素と反応させることにより、下記一般式(II):
で表されるカルボニル化合物(前記カルボニル化合物(A)、及び/又は、前記カルボニル化合物(B)を含有する化合物)を得る工程(I)を施し、その後、前記カルボニル化合物のうち、立体異性体の1種であるカルボニル化合物(B)の含有量が30モル%以上である場合には、工程(I)により得られたカルボニル化合物をそのまま本発明のカルボニル化合物としてもよく、他方、前記カルボニル化合物のうち、立体異性体の1種であるカルボニル化合物(B)の含有量が30モル%未満である場合やカルボニル化合物(B)の含有量をより高度なものとする必要がある場合には、前記カルボニル化合物(B)が前記カルボニル化合物(A)よりも結晶性が高く、晶析により析出し易い(反対にカルボニル化合物(A)は晶析により析出し難い)という性質を利用して、工程(I)で得られたカルボニル化合物を溶媒に溶解して晶析することにより、カルボニル化合物(B)の含有量がより高い一般式(II)で表されるカルボニル化合物を得ることで、上記本発明のカルボニル化合物を得る、方法を採用することができる。
上記一般式(I)、(I-1)及び(I-2)中のR1、R2及びR3で表される置換基はいずれも水素原子であることが好ましく、これにより当該化合物の収率が向上する傾向にある。また、これらの化合物をモノマーとしてポリイミドを製造した場合には、より高度な耐熱性が得られる傾向にある。ここで、上記一般式(I)で表される化合物としては、例えば、5,5’-ビビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプト―2-エン(別名:5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネンともいう。CAS番号:36806-67-4)、3-メチル-3’-メチレン-2,2’-ビス(ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプテン-5,5’-ジエン)(CAS番号:5212-61-3)、5,5’-ビスビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプト-5-エン-2,2’-ジオール(CAS番号:15971-85-4)等が挙げられる。このような一般式(I)で表される化合物を製造するための方法は特に制限されず、公知の方法を適宜採用することができる。なお、このようなノルボルネン系化合物(I)としては、その製造条件を適宜変更することにより、上記一般式(I-1)で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する化合物及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のノルボルネン系化合物(A)、並びに、上記一般式(I-2)で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有するノルボルネン系化合物(B)の含有比率を適宜変更することができる。
RaOH (10)
[式(10)中、Raは前記一般式(II)中のR4として選択され得る原子及び基のうちの水素原子以外のものである(なお、式(II)中のR4は式(3)中のR4と同義である)。]
で表されるアルコールであることが好ましい。すなわち、このようなアルコールとしては、炭素数が1~10のアルキルアルコール、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルキルアルコール、炭素数が2~10のアルケニルアルコール、炭素数が6~20のアリールアルコール、炭素数が7~20のアラルキルアルコールを用いることが好ましい。
-COORa (11)
[式(11)中、Raは、前記一般式(II)中のR4として選択され得る原子及び基のうちの水素原子以外のものである。]
で表されるエステル基(かかるエステル基は導入される位置ごとにR4が同一であっても異なっていてもよい。)を導入することが可能となり、これにより、前記一般式(II)で表されるカルボニル化合物を得ることができる。このように、本発明においては、パラジウム触媒及び酸化剤の存在下、アルコール(好ましくはRaOH)及び一酸化炭素(CO)を用いて、カルボニル化合物中のオレフィン部位の炭素にエステル基を導入する反応(以下、かかる反応を場合により単に「エステル化反応」と称する。)を利用して、前記一般式(II)で表されるカルボニル化合物を得ることを可能とする。
本発明のテトラカルボン酸二無水物を製造するための方法として好適に採用することが可能な方法について説明する。このような本発明のテトラカルボン酸二無水物を製造するための方法としては、例えば、上記本発明のカルボニル化合物からなる原料化合物を、酸触媒を用いて、炭素数1~5のカルボン酸中において加熱することにより、上記本発明のテトラカルボン酸二無水物を得る、方法を採用することができる。
本発明のポリイミドは、上記一般式(5)で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する構造単位(繰り返し単位)及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する構造単位(繰り返し単位)からなる少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位(A)、並びに/又は、上記一般式(6)で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有する繰り返し単位(B)を含有し、かつ、前記繰り返し単位(A)及び(B)の総量に対する前記繰り返し単位(B)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%である、ものである。
で表される基のうちの少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
式中のR5が、前記一般式(i)で表される基;及び前記Qが-O-、-S-、-CH2-、-O-C6H4-O-で表される基のうちの1種(より好ましくは-O-、-CH2-で表される基のうちの1種、更に好ましくは-O-で表される基)である前記一般式iv)で表される基;からなる群から選択される1種の基である繰り返し単位(Y)と、
を含有するものがより好ましい。
で表される繰り返し単位を好適なものとして例示することができる。
本発明のポリイミド前駆体樹脂は、上記一般式(7)で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する構造単位(繰り返し単位)及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する構造単位(繰り返し単位)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位(A’)、並びに/又は、上記一般式(8)で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有する繰り返し単位(B’)を含有し、かつ、前記繰り返し単位(A’)及び(B’)の総量に対する前記繰り返し単位(B’)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%である、ものである。
で表される繰り返し単位を好適なものとして例示することができる。なお、このような他の繰り返し単位は、上記一般式(14)で表される繰り返し単位中の2つの式:-OHで表される基の一方又は双方が式:-OY3で表される基に置換された繰り返し単位であってもよい(ここにおいて、Y3は、炭素数1~6(好ましくは炭素数1~3)のアルキル基、又は、炭素数3~9のアルキルシリル基を示す。なお、このようなY3としての炭素数1~6(好ましくは炭素数1~3)のアルキル基、炭素数3~9のアルキルシリル基は、上記一般式(7)及び(8)中のY1において説明した、炭素数1~6(好ましくは炭素数1~3)のアルキル基、炭素数3~9のアルキルシリル基と同義であり、その好適なものも同様である。)。
本発明のポリイミド前駆体樹脂を製造するための方法として好適に採用することが可能な方法について説明する。なお、このようなポリイミド前駆体樹脂は、Y1、Y2の種類に応じて、1)ポリアミド酸(各繰り返し単位の一般式中のY1、Y2がいずれも水素原子);2)ポリアミド酸エステル(Y1、Y2の少なくとも一部がアルキル基);3)ポリアミド酸シリルエステル(Y1、Y2の少なくとも一部がアルキルシリル基);に分類でき、その分類に応じて好適な製造方法が異なることから、以下、ポリイミド前駆体を製造するための方法を、上記分類ごとに分けて簡単に説明する。なお、このようなポリイミド前駆体を製造するための方法は、以下の製造方法に限定されるものではない。
このようなポリアミド酸を製造するために好適に利用することが可能な方法としては、有機溶媒の存在下、上記本発明のテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記式(15):
H2N-R5-NH2 (15)
[式(15)中、R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される芳香族ジアミンとを反応させることにより、
一般式(7)で表され且つ該式中のY1及びY2がいずれも水素原子であるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する構造単位(繰り返し単位)及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する構造単位(繰り返し単位)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の前記繰り返し単位(A’)、並びに/又は、一般式(8)で表され且つ該式中のY1及びY2がいずれも水素原子である前記繰り返し単位(B’)を含有し、かつ、前記繰り返し単位(A’)及び(B’)の総量に対する前記繰り返し単位(B’)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%であるポリアミド酸(上記本発明のポリイミド前駆体樹脂として好適なポリアミド酸)を得る、方法である。すなわち、このようなポリアミド酸の製造方法は、有機溶媒の存在下、上記本発明のテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、上記一般式(15)で表される芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて、上記本発明のポリイミド前駆体樹脂として好適なポリアミド酸を得る工程(以下、かかる工程を場合により単に「工程(I)」と称する)を含む方法である。
で表される化合物を利用することが好ましい。なお、このような一般式(16)で表される他のテトラカルボン酸二無水物を製造するための方法としては、特に制限されず、公知の方法(例えば、国際公開第2011/099517号に記載の方法や国際公開第2011/099518号に記載の方法)を適宜採用することができる。
次に、前記ポリアミド酸エステルを製造するために好適に利用することが可能な方法を説明する。
以下、前記ポリアミド酸シリルエステルを製造するために好適に利用することが可能な方法を、いわゆる間接法と直接法とに分けて簡単に説明する。
ポリアミド酸シリルエステルを製造するために好適に利用することが可能な方法としては、以下のような方法(間接法)を採用できる。
このような直接法としては、先ず、上述のポリアミド酸を製造するために好適に利用することが可能な方法を採用して、工程(I)により得られた反応液をそのままポリアミド酸溶液として調製し、その後、得られたポリアミド酸溶液に対してシリル化剤を混合し、0~120℃(好ましくは5~80℃)の範囲で1~72時間撹拌することで、前記ポリアミド酸シリルエステルからなるポリイミド前駆体樹脂を得る方法(直接法)を採用することができる。
本発明のポリイミドを製造するための方法としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、上記本発明のポリイミド前駆体樹脂として好適なポリアミド酸をイミド化することにより上記本発明のポリイミドを得る方法を採用することができる。なお、このようなポリアミド酸は、一般式(7)で表され且つ該式中のY1及びY2がいずれも水素原子である構造単位(繰り返し単位)及びその鏡像体である構造単位(繰り返し単位)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の前記繰り返し単位(A’)、並びに/又は、一般式(8)で表され且つ該式中のY1及びY2がいずれも水素原子である前記繰り返し単位(B’)を含有し、かつ、前記繰り返し単位(A’)及び(B’)の総量に対する前記繰り返し単位(B’)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%であるポリアミド酸である。このようなポリアミド酸を準備する方法は特に制限されないが、上述のポリアミド酸を製造するために好適に利用することが可能な方法において説明した、工程(I)を含む方法が好ましい。
(実施例1)
先ず、3Lナスフラスコ中に、下記一般式(17):
で表される5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステル以下、場合により「BNBTE」と称する)であり、収率は69%であることが確認された。なお、5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステルには、下記一般式(21)で表されるendo/exo型の立体構造を有する化合物及びその鏡像体であるexo/endo型の立体構造を有する化合物からなる立体異性体A(以下、場合により「BNBTE-A」と称する。なお、endo/exo型及びexo/endo型の鏡像体同士は分光学上区別がつかないため、以下、これらを共に「立体異性体A」として評価する。)と、下記一般式(22)で表されるendo/endo型の立体構造を有する立体異性体B(以下、場合により「BNBTE-B」と称する)が存在し得るが、上述のようにして得られた生成物は、上記構造確認(IR測定、NMR測定)の結果、立体異性体としてBNBTE-Bを100モル%の割合で含有する5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステルであることが確認された。このような生成物のIR測定、NMR測定の結果として、IRスペクトルのグラフを図1に示し、1H-NMRのグラフを図2に示し、13C-NMRのグラフを図3に示す。
300mLのガラス製のオートクレーブの容器に、メタノール(820mL)、CuCl2(II)(81.7g、608mmol)、立体異性体であるBNB-AとBNB-Bのモル比([BNB-A]/[BNB-B])が25/75であるBNB(20.1g、108mmol)、及び、Pd3(OAc)5(NO2)(167mg、Pd換算で0.741mmol)を加えて混合液を得た(なお、Pd3(OAc)5(NO2)は2005年に発行されたDalton Trans(vol.11)の第1991頁に記載された方法を採用して製造した)。
(実施例2)
実施例1で得られたBNBTE(BNBTE-Bの含有量が100モル%)を用いて、以下のようにして、テトラカルボン酸二無水物を調製した。すなわち、先ず、50LのGL製反応釜を窒素置換し、実施例1で得られたBNBTE(850g、2.01mol、BNBTE-Bの含有量:100モル%)、酢酸(12.2kg)、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸(7.6g、0.050mol)を加えて混合液を得た。次に、前記混合液を113℃になるまで昇温して該温度(113℃)に維持し、反応釜中の液量が一定となるように、ポンプで酢酸を滴下しながら、蒸気(酢酸等)を留出させる工程を実施した。なお、本工程においては、蒸気の留去を開始した後、15分経過した後から、フラスコ内の液中(反応溶液中)に白色の沈殿物が生成されていることが確認された。また、本工程においては、1時間ごとに、系外に留去した留出液を質量測定とガスクロマトグラフとにより分析して反応の進行の程度を確認した。なお、このような分析により、留出液中には酢酸、酢酸メチル、水が存在することが確認された。そして、本工程において蒸気の留去を開始した後、6時間経過した後に酢酸メチルの留出が止まったことから、加熱を止めて、室温(25℃)まで除冷し、再結晶を行った。得られた結晶をろ過し、酢酸(0.6kg)で1回、酢酸エチル(0.5kg)で5回洗った後に、結晶を真空乾燥した。このようにして586gの白色粉末を得た。
比較例1で得られた、BNBTE-AとBNBTE-Bのモル比([BNBTE-A]/[BNBTE-B])が71/29であるBNBTE(25.2g、59.7mmol、褐色のオイル状物)を酢酸(348g)中に溶解させた溶液を準備し、前記溶液を1Lの還流管付きの二口フラスコ中に添加した。次いで、前記溶液中に酸触媒(均一系酸触媒)としてトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸(CF3SO3H、15.0g、2.98mmol)を添加し、さらに無水酢酸(24.4g)を加えて混合液を得た。
(実施例3)
〈ポリアミド酸の調製工程〉
先ず、窒素雰囲気下において、20mLのスクリュー管内に、芳香族ジアミンとして2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン(BAPP:セイカ株式会社製)を6.16g(15.0mmol)導入するとともに、実施例2で得られた、BNBDA-Bの含有量が100モル%である5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステル4.96g(15.0mmol)を導入した。次いで、前記スクリュー管内に、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド)を44.4g添加し、混合液を得た。次に、得られた混合液を、窒素雰囲気下、室温(25℃)で3.5時間撹拌することにより、ポリアミド酸を生成せしめ、かかるポリアミド酸を含有する反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)を得た。なお、このようにして得られた反応液[ポリアミド酸の溶液(溶媒:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン)]を一部用い、溶媒を除去してポリアミド酸を単離した後、前記ポリアミド酸をN,N-ジメチルアセトアミド中に前記ポリアミド酸を濃度が0.5g/dLとなるようにして溶解させて、測定試料(溶液)調製し、前述のようにして、ポリアミド酸の固有粘度[η]を測定した結果、固有粘度[η]は0.54dL/gであった。
前記ポリアミド酸の調製工程により得られた前記反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)を、大型スライドグラス(松浪硝子工業株式会社製の商品名「S9213」、縦:76mm、横52mm、厚み1.3mm)上にスピンコートし、ガラス板上に塗膜を形成した。その後、前記塗膜の形成されたガラス板をオーブンに投入し、温度条件を60℃として、窒素雰囲気下において4時間静置した後、温度条件を300℃(最終加熱温度)に変更して1時間静置することにより前記塗膜を硬化せしめ、前記ガラス基板上にポリイミドからなる薄膜(ポリイミドからなるフィルム)がコートされたポリイミドコートガラスを得た。
先ず、実施例2で得られたBNBDA-Bの含有量が100モル%である5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステル(BNBDA-Bの含有量:100モル%)0.743g(2.25mmol)と、比較例2で得られたBNBDA-Aの含有量が100モル%である5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステル(BNBDA-Aの含有量:100モル%)0.743g(2.25mmol)とを混合して、BNBDA-AとBNBDA-Bのモル比([BNBDA-A]/[BNBDA-B])が50/50である5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステルを得た。
実施例2で得られたBNBDA-Bの含有量が100モル%である5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステルを用いる代わりに、比較例2で得られたBNBDA-Aの含有量が100モル%である5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステルを用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして、ポリアミド酸を調製し、次いで、ポリイミドを調製した。このようにして、膜厚が30μmのポリイミドからなるフィルムを得た。なお、このようにして得られたポリアミド酸の固有粘度[η]を測定した結果、固有粘度[η]は0.54dL/gであった。
<全光線透過率、ヘイズ(濁度)及び黄色度(YI)の測定>
全光線透過率の値(単位:%)、ヘイズ(濁度:HAZE)及び黄色度(YI)は、各実施例等で得られたポリイミド(フィルム形状のポリイミド)をそのまま測定用の試料として用い、全光線透過率およびヘイズの測定装置として日本電色工業株式会社製の商品名「ヘーズメーターNDH-5000」、黄色度の測定装置として日本電色工業株式会社製の商品名「分光色彩計SD6000」を用いて、それぞれ測定を行うことにより求めた。なお、全光線透過率は、JIS K7361-1(1997年発行)に準拠した測定を行うことにより求め、ヘイズ(濁度)は、JIS K7136(2000年発行)に準拠した測定を行うことにより求め、色度(YI)はASTM E313-05(2005年発行)に準拠した測定を行うことにより求めた。得られた結果を表1に示す。
各実施例等で得られたポリイミドの5%重量減少温度は、各実施例で製造したポリイミドフィルムを用いて、熱重量分析装置(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製の「TG/DTA220」)を使用して、窒素ガスを流しながら室温から40℃に昇温し、40℃を開始温度として、10℃/min.の条件で加熱して、用いた試料の重量が5%減少する温度を測定することにより求めた。得られた結果を表1に示す。
各実施例等で得られたポリイミドの破断点伸度は、日本工業規格の「JIS K7161」に記載の方法に準拠し、引張速度5mm/minの条件で測定を行った。測定装置としてインストロン製の引張試験機を用い、JIS K-7139A22準拠の打ち抜き器を用いて各実施例等で得られたポリイミドをダンベル状の試験片に加工した後に、装置に試験片をセットして測定した。得られた結果を表1に示す。
実施例2で得られたBNBDA-Bの含有量が100モル%である5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステル(BNBDA-Bの含有量:100モル%)の使用量を0.743g(2.25mmol)から5.95g(18.0mmol)に変更し、芳香族ジアミンとして2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン(BAPP)を6.16g(15.0mmol)用いる代わりに4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(4,4’-DDE:東京化成株式会社製)を3.61g(18.0mmol)用い、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を44.4g用いる代わりにN,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)を38.2g用い、かつ、ポリイミド調製時の最終加熱温度を300℃から350℃に変更した以外は、実施例3と同様にして、ポリアミド酸を調製した後にポリイミドを調製した。このようにしてポリイミドからなるフィルム(膜厚:9μm)を得た。なお、このようにして得られたポリアミド酸の固有粘度[η]を測定した結果、固有粘度[η]は0.51dL/gであった。また、このようにして得られたポリイミドからなるフィルムのIRスペクトルを測定したところ、1701cm-1、1775cm-1にイミドカルボニルのC=O伸縮振動が見られることから、得られたフィルムはポリイミドからなるものであることが確認された。なお、用いたモノマーの種類から、得られたポリイミドは、上記一般式(6)で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有する繰り返し単位(B)を100モル%の割合で含有するポリイミドであることは明らかである。
Claims (4)
- 下記一般式(1):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する化合物及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の酸二無水物(A)、並びに/又は、下記一般式(2):
で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有する酸二無水物(B)からなり、かつ、
前記酸二無水物(A)及び(B)の総量に対する前記酸二無水物(B)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%である、テトラカルボン酸二無水物。 - 下記一般式(3):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基及び炭素数7~20のアラルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する化合物及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカルボニル化合物(A)、並びに/又は、下記一般式(4):
で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有するカルボニル化合物(B)からなり、かつ、
前記カルボニル化合物(A)及び(B)の総量に対する前記カルボニル化合物(B)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%である、カルボニル化合物。 - 下記一般式(5):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する構造単位及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する構造単位からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位(A)、並びに/又は、下記一般式(6):
で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有する繰り返し単位(B)を含有し、かつ、
前記繰り返し単位(A)及び(B)の総量に対する前記繰り返し単位(B)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%である、ポリイミド。 - 下記一般式(7):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示し、
Y1及びY2はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基及び炭素数3~9のアルキルシリル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるエンド/エキソ型の立体構造を有する構造単位及びその鏡像体であるエキソ/エンド型の立体構造を有する構造単位からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位(A’)、並びに/又は、下記一般式(8):
で表されるエンド/エンド型の立体構造を有する繰り返し単位(B’)を含有し、かつ、
前記繰り返し単位(A’)及び(B’)の総量に対する前記繰り返し単位(B’)の含有量がモル比で30~100モル%である、ポリイミド前駆体樹脂。
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JP2021042302A (ja) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-03-18 | Eneos株式会社 | ポリイミド、ワニス及びフィルム |
WO2021049545A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-03-18 | Eneos株式会社 | ポリイミド、ワニス及びフィルム |
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KR102490267B1 (ko) | 2023-01-20 |
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TWI740001B (zh) | 2021-09-21 |
JPWO2018147373A1 (ja) | 2019-12-12 |
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US11667754B2 (en) | 2023-06-06 |
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