WO2017030019A1 - テトラカルボン酸二無水物、カルボニル化合物、ポリアミド酸、ポリイミド及びそれらの製造方法、ポリアミド酸を用いた溶液、並びに、ポリイミドを用いたフィルム - Google Patents
テトラカルボン酸二無水物、カルボニル化合物、ポリアミド酸、ポリイミド及びそれらの製造方法、ポリアミド酸を用いた溶液、並びに、ポリイミドを用いたフィルム Download PDFInfo
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- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C07C69/74—Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C07D307/93—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with a ring other than six-membered
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- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
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- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
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- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1078—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the diamino moiety
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- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/16—Applications used for films
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a carbonyl compound, a polyamic acid, a polyimide, a production method thereof, a solution of the polyamic acid, and a film using the polyimide.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride is useful as a raw material for producing a polyimide resin, an epoxy curing agent, and the like.
- aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides such as pyromellitic dianhydride have been mainly used as a raw material for polyimide resins used in the field of electronic equipment and the like. It was.
- polyimide obtained using such an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride for example, it has been conventionally sold by Toray DuPont as a material indispensable for advanced industries such as space and aviation. Polyimide (trade name “Kapton”) is widely known.
- polyimides obtained using conventional aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides have excellent physical properties in terms of heat resistance, but are colored (yellow to brown) and require transparency. It could not be used for optical purposes.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride as described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 can be used for producing a polyimide having sufficiently high light transmittance and sufficiently high heat resistance.
- it is required to further enhance the heat resistance while sufficiently maintaining optical characteristics (light transmittance). Therefore, in the field of polyimide, even when compared with a polyimide having sufficiently high light transmittance and sufficiently high heat resistance, such as obtained using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride described in Patent Document 1 above.
- the appearance of polyimide having higher heat resistance while being able to sufficiently maintain optical properties (light transmittance) is desired.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and can be used as a raw material monomer for producing a polyimide having a high level of heat resistance while having sufficient light transmittance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tetracarboxylic dianhydride that can be produced and a method for producing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride that can efficiently and reliably produce the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- the present invention also provides a carbonyl compound that can be used to efficiently produce the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and a method for producing a carbonyl compound that can efficiently and reliably produce the carbonyl compound. The purpose is to provide.
- the present invention also provides a polyimide capable of having a higher level of heat resistance while having sufficient light transmittance, and a method for producing a polyimide capable of efficiently and reliably producing the polyimide. And an object of providing a film using such a polyimide. Furthermore, the present invention can be suitably used for producing the polyimide, and can be efficiently produced by using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and the polyamic acid is efficiently produced. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of the polyamic acid which can be manufactured well and reliably, and it aims at providing the polyamic acid solution containing this polyamic acid.
- the present inventors first made tetracarboxylic dianhydride a compound represented by the following general formula (1), and produced a polyimide using this compound.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride a compound represented by the following general formula (1)
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention has the following general formula (1):
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. ] It is a compound represented by these.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms.
- the carbonyl compound of the present invention has the following general formula (2):
- a plurality of R 1 's each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
- the plurality of R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a carbon number.
- 1 type selected from the group consisting of 7 to 20 aralkyl groups. ] It is a compound represented by these.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (2) are all hydrogen atoms.
- a plurality of R 1 's each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
- the plurality of R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a carbon number.
- 1 type selected from the group consisting of 7 to 20 aralkyl groups.
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by this is obtained.
- acetic anhydride is preferably further used during the heating.
- the method for producing a carbonyl compound of the present invention comprises the following general formula (3) in the presence of a palladium catalyst and an oxidizing agent:
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a plurality of R 1 's each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
- the plurality of R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a carbon number.
- 1 type selected from the group consisting of 7 to 20 aralkyl groups.
- the polyimide of the present invention has the following general formula (4):
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms. ] It has a repeating unit represented by.
- the polyamic acid of the present invention has the following general formula (5):
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- It has a repeating unit represented by.
- Such a polyamic acid can also be obtained as a reaction intermediate when the polyimide of the present invention is produced.
- the method for producing the polyamic acid of the present invention comprises the following general formula (1) in the presence of an organic solvent:
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the polyamic acid which has a repeating unit represented by this is obtained.
- the manufacturing method of the polyimide of this invention is the following general formula (5):
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by general formula (4) is imidized:
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the polyimide production method of the present invention is represented by the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) and the general formula (6) in the presence of the organic solvent.
- a step of obtaining a polyimide having the above-described process, and a series of steps makes it possible to produce the polyimide more efficiently.
- the polyamic acid solution of the present invention contains the polyamic acid of the present invention and an organic solvent. According to such a polyamic acid solution (resin solution: varnish), various forms of polyimide can be efficiently produced.
- the film of the present invention is made of the polyimide of the present invention.
- the film since the film is made of the polyimide of the present invention, it has not only sufficient light transmission (transparency) but also sufficiently high heat resistance. Therefore, even when exposed to high temperature conditions, it is possible to suppress film deterioration and the like at a higher level.
- the process of laminating a metal oxide or the like on a polyimide film is a high temperature process, but the present inventors speculate that the polyimide of the present invention can be sufficiently applied to such a process.
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride that can be used as a raw material monomer for producing a polyimide having sufficient light transmittance and a higher level of heat resistance, and tetra It is possible to provide a method for producing tetracarboxylic dianhydride that can efficiently and reliably produce carboxylic dianhydride.
- a carbonyl compound that can be used to efficiently produce the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and a carbonyl compound that can efficiently and reliably produce the carbonyl compound can be produced. It becomes possible to provide a method.
- a polyimide capable of having a higher level of heat resistance while having sufficient light transmittance, and a polyimide capable of efficiently and reliably producing the polyimide. It becomes possible to provide a manufacturing method and a film using such a polyimide.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of the tetraester compound obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) spectrum of the tetraester compound obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a 13 C-NMR (CDCl 3 ) spectrum of the tetraester compound obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of tetracarboxylic dianhydride obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) spectrum of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a 13 C-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) spectrum of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of polyimide obtained in Example 3.
- 6 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of polyimide obtained in Example 4.
- 6 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of the polyimide obtained in Example 5.
- 6 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride obtained in Example 6.
- 2 is a graph showing 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) spectrum of tetracarboxylic dianhydride obtained in Example 6.
- 6 is a graph showing a 13 C-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) spectrum of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride obtained in Example 6.
- 6 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of polyimide obtained in Example 7.
- 10 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of polyimide obtained in Example 8.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention has the following general formula (1):
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. ] It is a compound represented by these.
- the alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 in the general formula (1) is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. When such a carbon number exceeds 10, when it uses as a monomer of a polyimide, the heat resistance of the polyimide obtained will fall.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 is preferably 1 to 6, and preferably 1 to 5, from the viewpoint that higher heat resistance can be obtained when a polyimide is produced. More preferred is 1 to 4, still more preferred, and 1 to 3 is particularly preferred.
- Such an alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 may be linear or branched.
- the plurality of R 1 in the general formula (1) it is possible to obtain a high degree of heat resistance when the polyimide is produced, the availability of raw materials, the ease of purification, and the like. Therefore, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, and an isopropyl group are more preferable, and a hydrogen atom and a methyl group are particularly preferable.
- a plurality of R 1 in the formula (1) may be the same or different from each other. However, from the viewpoint of ease of purification and the like, they are the same. Preferably there is.
- R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1) are each independently one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group that can be selected as R 2 and R 3 is preferably 1 to 6, and preferably 1 to 5, from the viewpoint that higher heat resistance can be obtained when a polyimide is produced. More preferred is 1 to 4, still more preferred, and 1 to 3 is particularly preferred. Further, such an alkyl group that can be selected as R 2 and R 3 may be linear or branched.
- R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1) can be obtained with higher heat resistance when the polyimide is produced, the availability of raw materials is easier, the purification is easier, etc.
- each independently is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or an isopropyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 2 and R 3 in the formula (1) may be the same or different from each other, but are the same from the viewpoint of ease of purification. It is preferable that
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms.
- the yield of the compound is improved. There is a tendency.
- the polyimide which uses the said compound as a monomer it exists in the tendency for higher heat resistance to be acquired.
- such a tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention has a dielectric loss tangent when a polyimide is produced using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride as compared with a case where a conventional alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is used. It is possible to make (tan ⁇ ) a lower value. Therefore, when the polyimide which uses the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of this invention as a monomer is manufactured, and this is utilized for the board
- LSIs large scale integrated circuits
- the method for producing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention can be more efficiently produced. It is preferable to employ a dianhydride production method. In addition, the manufacturing method of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of this invention is mentioned later.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention has been described above. Next, the carbonyl compound of the present invention that can be suitably used for producing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention will be described. .
- Carbonyl compound of the present invention has the following general formula (2):
- a plurality of R 1 's each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
- the plurality of R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a carbon number.
- 1 type selected from the group consisting of 7 to 20 aralkyl groups. ] It is a compound represented by these.
- the tetracarboxylic acid represented by the above general formula (2) and R 4 in the formula are all hydrogen atoms
- An ester compound in which any of R 4 in the group is a group other than a hydrogen atom compound containing an ester group: when R 4 in the formula (2) is a group other than a hydrogen atom, a tetraester A compound).
- R 1, R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (2) is similar respectively R 1, R 2 and R 3 in formula (1), the others thereof suitable The same as R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1).
- the plurality of R 1 in the general formula (2) may be the same or different from each other, but from the viewpoint of ease of purification, the same It is preferable that Further, R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (2) may be the same or different from each other, but are the same from the viewpoint of ease of purification and the like. It is preferable.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (2) are hydrogen atoms.
- the yield of the compound tends to be improved. It is in.
- an acid dianhydride is formed from the compound and a polyimide is produced using the obtained acid dianhydride as a monomer, higher heat resistance tends to be obtained.
- the alkyl group that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (2) is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. When the carbon number of such an alkyl group exceeds 10, purification becomes difficult.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group that can be selected as the plurality of R 4 is more preferably 1 to 5 and even more preferably 1 to 3 from the viewpoint of easier purification.
- the alkyl group that can be selected as the plurality of R 4 may be linear or branched.
- the cycloalkyl group that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (2) is a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. If the number of carbon atoms in such a cycloalkyl group exceeds 10, purification becomes difficult.
- the number of carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl group that can be selected as the plurality of R 4 is more preferably 3 to 8 and further preferably 5 to 6 from the viewpoint of easier purification. preferable.
- the alkenyl group that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (2) is an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. When the carbon number of such an alkenyl group exceeds 10, purification becomes difficult.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkenyl group that can be selected as the plurality of R 4 is more preferably 2 to 5 and even more preferably 2 to 3 from the viewpoint of easier purification. .
- the aryl group that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (2) is an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. If the number of carbon atoms in such an aryl group exceeds 20, purification becomes difficult. In addition, the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group that can be selected as the plurality of R 4 is more preferably 6 to 10 and even more preferably 6 to 8 from the viewpoint of easier purification. .
- the aralkyl group that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (2) is an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms. If the number of carbon atoms in such an aralkyl group exceeds 20, purification becomes difficult. Further, the number of carbon atoms of the aralkyl group that can be selected as a plurality of R 4 is more preferably 7 to 10 and even more preferably 7 to 9 from the viewpoint of easier purification. .
- the plurality of R 4 in the general formula (2) are each independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, from the viewpoint of easier purification. It is preferably an isobutyl group, sec-butyl, t-butyl, cyclohexyl group, allyl group, phenyl group or benzyl group, more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or an n-propyl group, a methyl group, an ethyl group Is more preferable, and a methyl group is particularly preferable.
- R ⁇ 4 > in the said General formula (2) may respectively be same or different, it is more preferable that it is the same from a synthetic viewpoint.
- the method for producing the carbonyl compound of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the carbonyl compound of the present invention is preferably employed because the carbonyl compound of the present invention can be produced more efficiently. .
- the manufacturing method of the carbonyl compound of this invention is mentioned later.
- a plurality of R 1 's each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
- the plurality of R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a carbon number.
- 1 type selected from the group consisting of 7 to 20 aralkyl groups.
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by this is obtained.
- the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2) used in the method for producing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is the same as that described in the carbonyl compound of the present invention, and the preferred one is also It is the same.
- the acid catalyst used in the method for producing tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a homogeneous acid catalyst or a heterogeneous acid catalyst (solid catalyst). Among such acid catalysts, a homogeneous acid catalyst is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of purification.
- Such a homogeneous acid catalyst is not particularly limited, and a known homogeneous acid catalyst that can be used for a reaction in which a carboxylic acid is an anhydride or a reaction in which an ester compound is an acid anhydride can be appropriately used. it can.
- Examples of such a homogeneous acid catalyst include trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, heptafluoropropanesulfonic acid, heptafluoroisopropanesulfonic acid, nonafluorobutanesulfonic acid, heptafluoro Examples include decanesulfonic acid, bis (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl) imide, N, N-bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, and chlorodifluoroacetic acid.
- a homogeneous acid catalyst from the viewpoint of improving the reaction yield, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid, nonafluorobutanesulfonic acid, and chlorodifluoroacetic acid are more preferable. More preferred is fluoroethanesulfonic acid.
- a homogeneous acid catalyst you may use 1 type individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the amount of the acid catalyst (more preferably a homogeneous acid catalyst) used is not particularly limited, but the use of the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2) (raw material compound of tetracarboxylic dianhydride) It is preferable that the amount of acid in the acid catalyst is 0.001 to 2.00 molar equivalent (more preferably 0.01 to 1.00 molar equivalent) relative to the amount (molar amount). .
- the amount of the acid catalyst used is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate tends to decrease.
- the upper limit is exceeded, purification becomes somewhat difficult and the purity of the product tends to decrease.
- the molar amount of the acid in the acid catalyst referred to here is a molar amount in terms of a functional group (for example, a sulfonic acid group (sulfo group) or a carboxylic acid group (carboxy group)) in the acid catalyst.
- a functional group for example, a sulfonic acid group (sulfo group) or a carboxylic acid group (carboxy group)
- the amount of the acid catalyst (more preferably a homogeneous acid catalyst) used is preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2). More preferably, it is 1 to 20 parts by mass.
- the amount of the acid catalyst used is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate tends to decrease.
- the amount exceeds the upper limit a side reaction product tends to be generated.
- a carboxylic acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “lower carboxylic acid”) is used.
- lower carboxylic acid examples include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc.
- formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid are preferable from the viewpoint of ease of production and purification, and formic acid, acetic acid Is more preferable.
- Such lower carboxylic acids may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of such lower carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but is 4 to 100 times mol with respect to the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2). It is preferable. If the amount of such a lower carboxylic acid (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, etc.) used is less than the lower limit, the yield tends to decrease, whereas if it exceeds the upper limit, the reaction rate tends to decrease.
- the carbonyl compound since the carbonyl compound is heated in the lower carboxylic acid, the carbonyl compound is preferably contained in the lower carboxylic acid.
- the content of the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2) in such a lower carboxylic acid is preferably 1 to 40% by mass, and more preferably 2 to 30% by mass.
- the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2), the acid catalyst, and the carboxylic acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms used in the method for producing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention have been described.
- a heating step (a step of heating the carbonyl compound in a carboxylic acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms using an acid catalyst) will be described.
- the carbonyl compound is a compound represented by the general formula (2) and R 4 in the formula is a hydrogen atom (tetracarboxylic acid)
- a reaction positive reaction in which tetracarboxylic dianhydride and water are generated from the carbonyl compound (tetracarboxylic acid) proceeds.
- Such a normal reaction and a reverse reaction in which the carbonyl compound (tetracarboxylic acid) is generated from tetracarboxylic dianhydride and water are equilibrium reactions.
- the carbonyl compound is a compound represented by the general formula (2) and R 4 in the formula is a group other than a hydrogen atom
- a reaction (positive reaction) in which tetracarboxylic dianhydride, an ester compound of lower carboxylic acid and water are generated from the lower carboxylic acid proceeds.
- Such a forward reaction and a reverse reaction in which the carbonyl compound and the lower carboxylic acid are generated from the carboxylic acid anhydride, the ester compound of the lower carboxylic acid, and water are equilibrium reactions. Therefore, in such a heating step, it is possible to efficiently advance the reaction (positive reaction) by appropriately changing the concentration of the component in the system.
- the conditions that can be employed in such a heating step are not particularly limited, and the carbonyl compound is heated in the lower carboxylic acid using the acid catalyst.
- the conditions can be appropriately employed. Conditions such as those employed in known reactions capable of forming acid anhydride groups can be used as appropriate.
- a heating step it is preferable to first prepare a mixture of the lower carboxylic acid, the carbonyl compound, and the acid catalyst so that heating in the lower carboxylic acid is possible.
- the method for preparing such a mixture is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately prepared according to the apparatus used for the heating step.
- the mixture may be prepared by adding (introducing) them in the same container. .
- solvents include aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene and chlorobenzene; ether solvents such as ether, THF and dioxane; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate; hexane and cyclohexane , Hydrocarbon solvents such as heptane and pentane; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile; halogen solvents such as methylene chloride and chloroform; ketone solvents such as acetone and MEK; amides such as DMF, NMP, DMI and DMAc And system solvents.
- aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene and chlorobenzene
- ether solvents such as ether, THF and dioxane
- ester solvents such as ethyl acetate
- hexane and cyclohexane Hydrocarbon solvents
- the temperature condition for heating the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2) in the lower carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but the upper limit of the heating temperature is 180 ° C. (more preferably 150 ° C., still more preferably). Is preferably 140 ° C., particularly preferably 130 ° C., while the lower limit of the heating temperature is preferably 80 ° C. (more preferably 100 ° C., still more preferably 110 ° C.).
- the temperature range (temperature condition) during such heating is preferably 80 to 180 ° C, more preferably 80 to 150 ° C, still more preferably 100 to 140 ° C, and more preferably 110 to A temperature of 130 ° C. is particularly preferable.
- such a heating temperature is preferably set to a temperature lower than the boiling point of the homogeneous acid catalyst within the range of the temperature condition. By setting the heating temperature in this way, the product can be obtained more efficiently.
- the heating step includes a step of refluxing the mixture (mixture of the lower carboxylic acid, the carbonyl compound, and the acid catalyst) by heating from the viewpoint of more efficiently generating a carboxylic acid anhydride. Also good.
- a refluxing step in the heating step. That is, in the heating step, in the initial stage of heating, since the reaction does not proceed sufficiently, by-products such as water are hardly generated. Therefore, until the reaction proceeds to some extent (initial stage of heating), the carboxylic acid dianhydride is not significantly affected by by-products (water, etc.) without removing the distillate component (steam). It is possible to efficiently proceed the positive reaction for producing. Therefore, in particular, in the initial stage of heating, it becomes possible to efficiently use the lower carboxylic acid by refluxing to allow the forward reaction to proceed efficiently, thereby producing the carboxylic acid anhydride more efficiently. Is possible.
- the degree of progress of the positive reaction can be determined by confirming the amount of by-products (for example, water or an ester compound of lower carboxylic acid) contained in the steam. Therefore, when the reflux step is performed, the reflux time is appropriately set so that the reaction proceeds efficiently while confirming the amount of by-products in the steam (for example, an ester compound of a lower carboxylic acid), You may perform the removal process of a distilling component, heating. By performing the distilling component removal step in this manner, by-products (eg, ester compounds of lower carboxylic acid and water) can be removed from the reaction system, and the positive reaction can proceed more efficiently. It becomes possible.
- by-products eg, ester compounds of lower carboxylic acid and water
- the lower carboxylic acid is reduced (for example, a lower carboxylic acid ester compound and water are formed as by-products).
- the carboxylic acid is consumed and the vapor is distilled off, resulting in a decrease in the carboxylic acid, etc.
- the reduced amount of the lower carboxylic acid is appropriately added (in some cases, continuously). It is preferable to carry out heating.
- the carbonyl compound is represented by the general formula (2), and R 4 in the formula is a group other than a hydrogen atom. In the case of a compound that is, it is possible to make the positive reaction proceed more efficiently.
- the reflux conditions are not particularly limited, and known conditions can be appropriately employed, and are suitable according to the type of the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) to be used. Can be appropriately changed to various conditions.
- the pressure condition (pressure condition at the time of reaction) when heating the carbonyl compound (raw material compound) represented by the general formula (2) in the lower carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, In addition, it may be under pressurized conditions or under reduced pressure conditions, and the reaction can proceed under any conditions. Therefore, during the heating step, for example, without particularly controlling the pressure, for example, in the case of adopting the above-described refluxing step, the reaction is performed under a pressurized condition with a vapor of a lower carboxylic acid serving as a solvent. Also good.
- Such pressure conditions are preferably 0.001 to 10 MPa, and more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa. If the pressure condition is less than the lower limit, the lower carboxylic acid tends to vaporize. On the other hand, if the pressure condition exceeds the upper limit, the ester compound of the lower carboxylic acid produced by the reaction by heating does not volatilize, and the positive The reaction tends to be difficult to proceed.
- the atmospheric gas for heating the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2) in the lower carboxylic acid is not particularly limited.
- an air is an inert gas (nitrogen, argon, etc.) It may be.
- the above gas preferably an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon
- the above gas may be bubbled, or may be agitated while venting the gas phase portion of the reactor (reaction vessel).
- the heating time for heating the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2) in the lower carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 100 hours, and preferably 1 to 50 More preferably, it is time. If the heating time is less than the lower limit, the reaction does not proceed sufficiently, and a sufficient amount of carboxylic anhydride tends to be unable to be produced. On the other hand, if the upper limit is exceeded, the reaction proceeds further. However, there is a tendency that the production efficiency is lowered and the economy is lowered.
- the lower carboxylic acid (more than The reaction may be allowed to proceed while stirring the mixture of the lower carboxylic acid, the carbonyl compound and the acid catalyst.
- the step of heating the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2) in the lower carboxylic acid it is preferable to use acetic anhydride together with the lower carboxylic acid. That is, in the present invention, it is preferable to use acetic anhydride during the heating.
- acetic anhydride By using acetic anhydride in this way, it is possible to react the water produced during the reaction with acetic anhydride to form acetic acid, and to efficiently remove the water produced during the reaction. The positive reaction can be advanced more efficiently.
- the amount of acetic anhydride used is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 4 to 100 times mol with respect to the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2). When the amount of acetic anhydride used is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate tends to decrease, and when it exceeds the upper limit, the yield tends to decrease.
- acetic anhydride Even when acetic anhydride is used in this way, it is preferable to adopt the conditions described in the above heating step for the temperature conditions, pressure conditions, atmospheric gas conditions, heating time conditions, etc. during heating. .
- acetic anhydride when acetic anhydride is used in this way, it is possible to form acetic acid by reacting water produced during the reaction with acetic anhydride, and it can be produced during the reaction without vapor distillation. Water can be efficiently removed, and the reaction (positive reaction) in which acetic acid is formed from acetic anhydride and water to produce tetracarboxylic dianhydride proceeds more efficiently. Will be.
- the heating step is preferably a step of refluxing the mixture.
- the reaction can be performed only by performing the refluxing step without performing steps such as distillation of vapor or addition of lower carboxylic acid depending on the amount of use. Can be made to proceed sufficiently, and tetracarboxylic dianhydride can be more efficiently produced.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) is efficiently obtained from the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2) by performing the heating step as described above. be able to.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) is the same as the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention, and the preferred one is also the same.
- the method for producing a carbonyl compound of the present invention comprises the following general formula (3) in the presence of a palladium catalyst and an oxidizing agent:
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a plurality of R 1 's each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
- the plurality of R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a carbon number.
- 1 type selected from the group consisting of 7 to 20 aralkyl groups.
- the norbornene compound represented by the general formula (3) is used as a raw material compound for the production of the carbonyl compound.
- R 1, R 2 and R 3 in formula (3), R 1, R 2 and R 3 in formula (1) The preferred ones are also the same as R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1).
- a plurality of R 1 in the general formula (3) may be the same or different from each other, but from the viewpoint of ease of purification, the same It is preferable that Furthermore, R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (3) may be the same or different from each other, but are the same from the viewpoint of ease of purification and the like. It is preferable.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (3) are hydrogen atoms.
- the yield of the compound tends to be improved. It is in.
- the polyimide which uses the said compound as a monomer it exists in the tendency for higher heat resistance to be acquired.
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (3) include 5,5′-bibicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene (also known as 5,5′-bi-2- Also referred to as norbornene (CAS number: 36806-67-4), 3-methyl-3′-methylene-2,2′-bis (bicyclo [2.2.1] heptene-5,5′-diene) (CAS No .: 5212-61-3), 5,5′-bisbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-ene-2,2′-diol (CAS number: 15971-85-4) and the like.
- the method for producing the compound represented by the general formula (3) is not particularly limited, and a known method can be appropriately employed.
- alcohol is used to react with the norbornene compound.
- Such alcohol is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of ease of purification, the following general formula (7): R a OH (7)
- R a is an atom other than a hydrogen atom among the atoms and groups that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (2).
- an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl alcohol having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl alcohol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, It is preferable to use aralkyl alcohol having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Such alcohols include methanol, ethanol, butanol, allyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, etc.
- methanol and ethanol are preferred from the viewpoint that purification of the resulting compound is easier. Is more preferable, and methanol is particularly preferable.
- Such alcohols may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the alcohol preferably R a OH
- carbon monoxide (CO) and the norbornene-based compound represented by the general formula (3) are used.
- the carbon of the olefin part in the norbornene compound represented by the general formula (3) is represented by the following general formula (8): -COOR a (8)
- R a is an atom other than a hydrogen atom among the atoms and groups that can be selected as R 4 in the general formula (2).
- the carbonyl compound represented can be obtained.
- an ester group is introduced into the carbon of the olefin moiety in the carbonyl compound using an alcohol (preferably R a OH) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of a palladium catalyst and an oxidizing agent. It is possible to obtain the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2) by utilizing the reaction (hereinafter, this reaction is sometimes simply referred to as “esterification reaction”).
- the palladium catalyst used in such esterification reaction is not particularly limited, and a known catalyst containing palladium can be appropriately used.
- a known catalyst containing palladium can be appropriately used.
- palladium inorganic acid salt, palladium organic acid salt, palladium is supported on a carrier.
- a palladium catalyst include palladium chloride, palladium nitrate, palladium sulfate, palladium acetate, palladium propionate, palladium carbon, palladium alumina, palladium black, and palladium acetate having a nitrite ligand (formula: Pd 3 ( CH 3 COO) 5 (NO 2 ) and the like are preferable.
- a palladium catalyst containing a nitrite ligand-containing palladium acetate (a catalyst represented by the formula: Pd 3 (CH 3 COO) 5 (NO 2 )) (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as “Pd 3 (OAc)”. ) 5 (NO 2 ) ”).
- palladium acetate having such a nitrite ligands (Pd 3 (OAc) 5 ( NO 2)) in a palladium catalyst containing palladium acetate (Pd 3 with nitrous acid ligand (OAc) 5 (NO 2) ) Is preferably 10 mol% or more in terms of metal (relative to the total amount of palladium in the palladium catalyst).
- the content ratio of palladium acetate having such a nitrous acid ligand is less than the lower limit, it is difficult to sufficiently suppress the formation of by-products, and is represented by the general formula (2) with a sufficiently high selectivity. It tends to be difficult to produce a carbonyl compound.
- acetic acid having a nitrite ligand can be used from the viewpoint that the production of by-products can be suppressed at a higher level and an ester compound can be produced with higher selectivity.
- the content ratio of palladium (Pd 3 (OAc) 5 (NO 2 )) is more preferably 30 mol% or more in terms of metal (relative to the total amount of palladium in the palladium catalyst), and 40 mol% or more. More preferably, it is more preferably 50 mol% or more, and most preferably 70 mol% to 100 mol%.
- the palladium catalyst used for the esterification reaction palladium acetate having a nitrite ligands (Pd 3 (OAc) 5 ( NO 2)) in the case of using those containing, Pd 3 (OAc) 5 ( NO 2)
- the other catalyst (other palladium catalyst component) that can be contained in addition to the above is not particularly limited, and is a known catalyst that can be used when reacting carbon monoxide and an alcohol with an olefin site (during esterification).
- Palladium-based catalyst components for example, palladium chloride, palladium nitrate, palladium sulfate, palladium acetate, palladium propionate, palladium carbon, palladium alumina, palladium black, etc.
- palladium chloride for example, palladium chloride, palladium nitrate, palladium sulfate, palladium acetate, palladium propionate, palladium carbon, palladium alumina, palladium black, etc.
- palladium-based catalyst component As a component other than palladium acetate having a nitrite ligand that can be contained in such a palladium catalyst (palladium-based catalyst component), from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of by-products such as a polymer and improving selectivity. It is preferable to use palladium acetate.
- palladium catalyst palladium acetate having a nitrite ligand (Pd 3 (OAc) 5 (NO 2 )) and palladium acetate are used from the viewpoint of suppressing generation of by-products such as a polymer and improving selectivity.
- a catalyst comprising only palladium acetate having a nitrite ligand (Pd 3 (OAc) 5 (NO 2 )) can be used more suitably.
- an oxidizing agent used in the esterification reaction when the Pd 2+ of the palladium catalyst in the esterification reaction has been reduced to Pd 0, long as it can oxidize the Pd 0 to Pd 2+ That's fine.
- Such an oxidizing agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a copper compound and an iron compound.
- the amount of alcohol used in such an esterification reaction is not particularly limited as long as it is an amount capable of obtaining the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the general formula (2) The above alcohol may be added to the amount theoretically required to obtain the compound represented by () above (theoretical amount), and the excess alcohol may be used as it is as a solvent.
- the required amount of carbon monoxide can be supplied to the reaction system. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a high purity gas of carbon monoxide as the carbon monoxide, and a mixed gas in which a gas inert to the esterification reaction (for example, nitrogen) and carbon monoxide may be used. .
- the pressure of such carbon monoxide is not particularly limited, but is preferably normal pressure (about 0.1 MPa [1 atm]) or more and 10 MPa or less.
- the method for supplying the carbon monoxide to the reaction system is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted as appropriate, and includes, for example, the alcohol, the compound represented by the general formula (3), and the palladium catalyst.
- a method of supplying carbon monoxide by bubbling into the liquid mixture, or a method of supplying carbon monoxide to the reaction system by introducing carbon monoxide into the atmospheric gas in the container when using a reaction vessel, etc. Can be adopted.
- carbon monoxide when supplying carbon monoxide in the liquid mixture containing the said alcohol, the compound represented by the said General formula (3), and the said palladium catalyst, carbon monoxide is represented by General formula (3).
- the supply ratio of carbon monoxide is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate tends to be slow, and by-products such as polymers tend to be generated.
- the upper limit is exceeded, the reaction rate is improved and the reaction is performed at once. Tends to become difficult to control the reaction.
- the ratio (feed rate) is 0.1 mol.
- carbon monoxide is bubbled into a mixed solution containing the alcohol, the compound represented by the general formula (3), and the palladium catalyst. It is preferable to employ a method of supplying
- a specific method of the bubbling is not particularly limited, and a known bubbling method can be appropriately employed.
- a so-called bubbling nozzle and a large number of holes are provided.
- Carbon monoxide may be bubbled and supplied into the mixed solution using a tube or the like as appropriate.
- the method for controlling the supply rate of the carbon monoxide is not particularly limited, and a known control method may be adopted as appropriate.
- a known control method may be adopted as appropriate.
- the bubbling nozzle or many A method of controlling the supply rate of carbon monoxide at the above-mentioned ratio using a known apparatus capable of supplying a gas at a specific ratio to a pipe or the like provided with a hole may be adopted.
- a reaction vessel when a reaction vessel is used, it is preferable to adjust a bubbling nozzle, a pipe, and the like near the bottom of the vessel. This is to promote contact between the compound represented by the general formula (3) present at the bottom and carbon monoxide supplied from a bubbling nozzle or the like.
- the amount of the palladium catalyst used is such that the molar amount of palladium in the palladium catalyst is 0.001 to 0.1 relative to the norbornene-based compound represented by the general formula (3).
- the amount is preferably a double mole (more preferably 0.001 to 0.01 mole). If the amount of the palladium catalyst used is less than the lower limit, the yield tends to decrease due to a decrease in the reaction rate. On the other hand, if the upper limit is exceeded, it is difficult to remove palladium from the product, and the purity of the product Tend to decrease.
- the amount of such an oxidizing agent used is 2 to 16 times mol (more preferably 2 to 8 times mol, further preferably 2 to 6 times mol) based on the norbornene compound represented by the general formula (3). It is preferable to do. If the amount of the oxidizing agent used is less than the lower limit, the oxidation reaction of palladium cannot be promoted sufficiently, and as a result, a large amount of by-products tend to be formed. The purity of the product tends to decrease.
- a solvent may be used for the reaction (esterification reaction) of the norbornene compound represented by the general formula (3) with alcohol and carbon monoxide.
- a solvent is not particularly limited, and a known solvent that can be used for the esterification reaction can be appropriately used, and examples thereof include hydrocarbon solvents such as n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, and toluene.
- a base may be added to remove the acid.
- fatty acid salts such as sodium acetate, sodium propionate, and sodium butyrate are preferable.
- the amount of such base used may be appropriately adjusted according to the amount of acid generated.
- the reaction temperature conditions in the esterification reaction are not particularly limited, but are 0 ° C. to 200 ° C. ⁇ more preferably 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., more preferably about 10 to 60 ° C., and particularly preferably 20 to 50 ° C. It is preferable that the temperature is about the same. When such a reaction temperature exceeds the upper limit, the yield tends to decrease. On the other hand, when the reaction temperature is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate tends to decrease.
- the reaction time for the esterification reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 30 minutes to 24 hours.
- the atmospheric gas in the esterification reaction is not particularly limited, and a gas that can be used for the esterification reaction can be appropriately used.
- a gas that can be used for the esterification reaction can be appropriately used.
- an inert gas (nitrogen, argon, etc.) for the esterification reaction Carbon monoxide, mixed gas of carbon monoxide and other gas (nitrogen, air, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, etc.), from the viewpoint of not affecting the catalyst and oxidant, Carbon monoxide, a gas inert to the esterification reaction, and a mixed gas of carbon monoxide and a gas inert to the esterification reaction are preferable.
- the atmosphere gas is made of a gas inert to the esterification reaction before the reaction.
- the reaction may be started by bubbling as described above, and as a result, the reaction may proceed so that the atmospheric gas becomes a mixed gas of carbon monoxide and a gas inert to the esterification reaction.
- the pressure condition in the esterification reaction is not particularly limited, but is 0.05 MPa to 15 MPa.
- the pressure is preferably from atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa [1 atm]) to 15 MPa, more preferably from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa, and particularly preferably from 0.11 MPa to 5 MPa.
- the pressure condition is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate tends to decrease and the yield of the target product tends to decrease.
- the upper limit is exceeded, the reaction rate improves and the reaction proceeds at a stretch, making it difficult to control the reaction. There is a tendency that facilities that can carry out the reaction are limited.
- the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2) having the target structure can be obtained.
- the carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (2) thus obtained is the same as that described in the carbonyl compound of the present invention, and the preferred one is also the same.
- the polyimide of the present invention has the following general formula (4):
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms. ] It has a repeating unit represented by.
- the alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 in the general formula (4) is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. When the number of carbon atoms exceeds 10, sufficiently high heat resistance cannot be achieved. Further, the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 to 5 from the viewpoint of easier purification. 4 is more preferable, and 1 to 3 is particularly preferable. Such an alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 may be linear or branched. Further, such an alkyl group is more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group from the viewpoint of ease of purification.
- R 1 in the general formula (4) when polyimide is produced, higher heat resistance is obtained, the acquisition (preparation) of raw materials is easier, and purification is easier.
- each independently preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or an isopropyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- a plurality of R 1 in such a formula may be the same or different from each other, but may be the same from the viewpoint of ease of purification and the like. preferable.
- R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (4) are each independently one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group that can be selected as R 2 and R 3 is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 5, from the viewpoint of obtaining higher heat resistance. It is more preferably 1 to 4, and particularly preferably 1 to 3. Further, such an alkyl group that can be selected as R 2 and R 3 may be linear or branched.
- R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (4) are such that higher heat resistance can be obtained when the polyimide is produced, raw materials are easily obtained, purification is easier, etc.
- each independently is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or an isopropyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 2 and R 3 in the formula (4) may be the same or different from each other, but they are the same from the viewpoint of ease of purification. It is preferable that
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (4) are hydrogen atoms.
- the yield of the compound is improved.
- higher heat resistance tends to be obtained.
- the arylene group that can be selected as R 5 in the general formula (4) is an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms of such an arylene group is preferably 6 to 30, and more preferably 12 to 20. If the number of carbon atoms is less than the lower limit, the heat resistance of the polyimide tends to be reduced. It tends to decrease.
- R 5 in the general formula (4) is represented by the following general formulas (9) to (12) from the viewpoint of a balance between heat resistance and solubility:
- R 6 represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group and a trifluoromethyl group
- Q represents a formula: -C 6 H 4 -, - CONH -C 6 H 4 -NHCO -, - NHCO-C 6 H 4 -CONH -, - O-C 6 H 4 -CO-C 6 H 4 -O -, - OCO- C 6 H 4 —COO—, —OCO—C 6 H 4 —C 6 H 4 —COO—, —OCO—, —NC 6 H 5 —, —CO—C 4 H 8 N 2 —CO—, —C 13 H 10 —, — (CH 2 ) 5 —, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CONH—, —SO 2 —, —C (CF 3 ) 2
- R 6 in the general formula (11) is more preferably a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom, from the viewpoint of the heat resistance of the resulting polyimide.
- a group represented by the formula: —CONH—, —O—C 6 H 4 —C (CH 3 ) 2 —C 6 H 4 —O—, or —O— is particularly preferred,
- a group represented by the formula: —O—C 6 H 4 —C (CH 3 ) 2 —C 6 H 4 —O— or —O— is most preferred.
- the glass transition temperature can be sufficiently high, and the linear expansion coefficient Is a group represented by the general formula (11) or (12) from the viewpoint that the balance of these characteristics can be improved and higher heat resistance can be obtained. Is more preferable.
- R 5 is a group represented by the general formula (11) or the general formula (12).
- R 5 in the general formula (4) is a group represented by the general formula (9) from the viewpoint that a higher degree of flexibility (flexibility) can be imparted to the obtained polyimide.
- At least one of the groups represented by the general formula (12) and the Q is represented by —O—, —S—, —CH 2 —, —O—C 6 H 4 —O— ( More preferably, it is a group which is one of the groups represented by —O— and —CH 2 —, and more preferably a group represented by —O—.
- the general formula ( 4) What contains multiple types (2 or more types) of repeating units having different types of R 5 is preferable.
- the polyimide containing the plural types of repeating units is represented by the general formula (4), and R 5 in the formula is A group represented by the general formula (11); and one of the groups in which Q is represented by —CONH—, —COO—, —CO—, —C 6 H 4 — (more preferably —CONH A group represented by the above general formula (12) which is a group represented by-or -COO-, particularly preferably a group represented by -CONH-).
- R 5 in the general formula (4) is a group represented by the general formula (12) from the viewpoint of easy availability of the monomer at the time of production.
- Q in the formula (12) is one of groups represented by —O—, —CH 2 —, —O—C 6 H 4 —O— (more preferably —O—, —CH More preferably, it is one of the groups represented by 2 —, more preferably a group represented by —O—.
- the content ratio of the repeating unit (A) to the repeating unit (B) is 9: 1 in terms of molar ratio ((A) :( B)). It is preferable that it is ⁇ 6: 4 (more preferably 8: 2 to 7: 3). If the content ratio of the repeating unit (A) is less than the lower limit, it tends to be difficult to obtain a polyimide having a lower linear expansion coefficient. On the other hand, if the content exceeds the upper limit, the flexibility of the obtained substrate film decreases. Tend to. Moreover, when it contains repeating unit (A) and (B), the structure of substituents other than R ⁇ 4 > in the said General formula (1) is the same from a viewpoint that a polyimide can be prepared more efficiently. Is preferred.
- polyimide what mainly contains the repeating unit represented by the said General formula (4) (Preferably content of the repeating unit represented by the said General formula (4) is all repeating units. 50 to 100 mol% (more preferably 70 to 100 mol%, particularly preferably 80 to 100 mol%, most preferably 90 to 100 mol%) is preferable.
- Such polyimide may contain other repeating units as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Such other repeating units are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known repeating units that can be used as polyimide repeating units.
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a fluorine atom, R 5 represents an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 0 to 12.
- the repeating unit represented by can be illustrated as a suitable thing.
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a fluorine atom.
- a hydrogen atom an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a fluorine atom.
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 is the same as the alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 in the general formula (4). (The preferred ones are also the same).
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of adhesiveness of the resulting polyimide.
- each is independently a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group or isopropyl group. More preferred is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R ⁇ 7 >, R ⁇ 8 >, R ⁇ 9 >, R ⁇ 10 > in such a formula is the same from viewpoints, such as easiness of refinement
- R 5 in is similar to the R 5 in the general formula (4) (The same applies to those that preferred.).
- n represents an integer of 0 to 12.
- the upper limit of the numerical value range of n in the general formula (13) is more preferably 5 and particularly preferably 3 from the viewpoint of easier purification.
- the lower limit of the numerical range of n in the general formula (13) is more preferably 1 and particularly preferably 2 from the viewpoint of the stability of the raw material compound.
- n in the general formula (13) is particularly preferably an integer of 2 to 3.
- such other repeating units are tetracarboxylic acid represented by the above general formula (1) at the time of production of polyimide. It can be easily introduced by using other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides together with dianhydrides. In this case, the other repeating unit is derived from another tetracarboxylic dianhydride other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1). Such other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides will be described later. When such other repeating units are included, the molar ratio ([the repeating unit represented by the general formula (4)]: [other repeating units]) is 99.9: 0.1-0.
- the content ratio of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (4) and the other repeating units It is preferably 9: 1 to 5: 5 (more preferably 9: 1 to 7: 3) in molar ratio ([repeating unit represented by the above general formula (4)]: [other repeating unit]).
- the polyimide of the present invention preferably has a 5% weight loss temperature of 350 ° C. or higher, more preferably 450 to 550 ° C. If such a 5% weight loss temperature is less than the lower limit, sufficient heat resistance tends to be difficult to achieve, and if it exceeds the upper limit, it tends to be difficult to produce a polyimide having such characteristics. It is in.
- 5% weight reduction temperature is obtained by gradually heating from room temperature (25 ° C.) while flowing nitrogen gas in a nitrogen gas atmosphere and measuring the temperature at which the weight of the used sample is reduced by 5%. Can be sought. In the measurement, it is preferable to use the mass of the sample as 1.0 mg to 10 mg (more preferably 1.5 mg to 4.0 mg). By setting the mass of the sample within the above range, the same value can be measured for the same polyimide even if the mass of the sample is changed.
- such a polyimide preferably has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 200 ° C. or higher, more preferably 230 to 500 ° C., and particularly preferably 250 to 500 ° C. If the glass transition temperature (Tg) is less than the lower limit, sufficient heat resistance tends to be difficult to achieve, and if it exceeds the upper limit, it tends to be difficult to produce a polyimide having such characteristics. It is in.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Tg thermomechanical analyzer
- such a polyimide preferably has a softening temperature of 300 ° C. or higher, more preferably 350 to 550 ° C. If the softening temperature is less than the lower limit, sufficient heat resistance tends to be difficult to achieve, and if it exceeds the upper limit, it tends to be difficult to produce a polyimide having such characteristics.
- a softening temperature can be measured by a penetration mode using a thermomechanical analyzer (trade name “TMA8310” manufactured by Rigaku). In measurement, the sample size (vertical, horizontal, thickness, etc.) does not affect the measured value, so it can be attached to the jig of the thermomechanical analyzer to be used (trade name “TMA8310” manufactured by Rigaku). The sample size may be adjusted as appropriate to a suitable size.
- the softening temperature and the glass transition temperature can be measured simultaneously using the same conditions using a thermomechanical analyzer (trade name “TMA8310” manufactured by Rigaku).
- such a polyimide preferably has a thermal decomposition temperature (Td) of 400 ° C. or higher, more preferably 450 to 600 ° C. If such a thermal decomposition temperature (Td) is less than the lower limit, sufficient heat resistance tends to be difficult to achieve, and if it exceeds the upper limit, it is difficult to produce a polyimide having such characteristics. There is a tendency.
- Td thermal decomposition temperature
- such a thermal decomposition temperature (Td) was measured using a TG / DTA220 thermogravimetric analyzer (manufactured by SII Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.) in a nitrogen atmosphere under a heating rate of 10 ° C./min.
- the mass of the sample it can be determined by measuring the temperature at the intersection of the tangent lines drawn on the decomposition curve before and after thermal decomposition under the conditions of In the measurement, it is preferable to use the mass of the sample as 1.0 to 10 mg (more preferably 5 mg to 10 mg). By setting the mass of the sample within the above range, the same value can be measured for the same polyimide even if the mass of the sample is changed. Furthermore, for such a thermal decomposition temperature (Td), using the same apparatus as the measurement of 5% weight loss temperature, the same conditions (conditions of a heating rate of 10 ° C./min. Under a nitrogen atmosphere) are adopted. Can be measured simultaneously.
- Td thermal decomposition temperature
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of such a polyimide is preferably 1,000 to 1,000,000 in terms of polystyrene.
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of such a polyimide is preferably 1000 to 5000000 in terms of polystyrene. If the weight average molecular weight is less than the lower limit, sufficient heat resistance tends to be difficult to achieve, and if it exceeds the upper limit, processing tends to be difficult.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of such a polyimide is preferably 1.1 to 5.0. If the molecular weight distribution is less than the lower limit, it tends to be difficult to produce, while if it exceeds the upper limit, it tends to be difficult to produce a uniform film.
- the molecular weight (Mw or Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of such a polyimide can be obtained by converting measured data with polystyrene using gel permeation chromatography as a measuring device.
- the molecular weight is estimated based on the viscosity of the polyamic acid used for the production of the polyimide, and the polyimide according to the application is selected. May be used.
- the total light transmittance is 80% or more (more preferably 85% or more, particularly preferably 87% or more).
- such a polyimide is more preferably one having a haze (turbidity) of 5 to 0 (more preferably 4 to 0, particularly preferably 3 to 0) from the viewpoint of obtaining higher transparency.
- such a polyimide is more preferably one having a yellowness (YI) of 5 to 0 (more preferably 4 to 0, particularly preferably 3 to 0) from the viewpoint of obtaining higher transparency. .
- Such total light transmittance, haze (turbidity), and yellowness (YI) can be easily achieved by appropriately selecting the type of polyimide.
- the total light transmittance and haze (turbidity) are measured using a product name “Haze Meter NDH-5000” manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. as a measuring device, and a polyimide having a thickness of 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the value measured using the film consisting of as a measurement sample can be employed.
- Yellowness was measured using a film made of polyimide having a thickness of 5 to 20 ⁇ m as a sample for measurement using a trade name “Spectral Color Meter SD6000” manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. as a measuring device.
- the total light transmittance, haze (turbidity), and yellowness (YI) are the same because the thickness is sufficiently thin and does not affect the measured value if the film is made of polyimide having a thickness of 5 to 20 ⁇ m. The same value can be measured from the polyimide. Therefore, what is necessary is just to utilize the film which has the thickness of the said range for the measurement of a total light transmittance, haze (turbidity), and yellowness (YI).
- the vertical and horizontal sizes of the measurement sample may be any size that can be arranged at the measurement site of the measurement apparatus, and the vertical and horizontal sizes may be appropriately changed.
- Such total light transmittance is obtained by measuring in accordance with JIS K7361-1 (issued in 1997), and haze (turbidity) is measured in accordance with JIS K7136 (issued in 2000).
- the yellowness (YI) is obtained by performing measurement in accordance with ASTM E313-05 (issued in 2005).
- such a polyimide preferably has a linear expansion coefficient of 0 to 100 ppm / K, more preferably 10 to 80 ppm / K.
- a linear expansion coefficient exceeds the upper limit, peeling tends to occur due to thermal history when combined with a metal or an inorganic material having a linear expansion coefficient range of 5 to 20 ppm / K.
- the linear expansion coefficient is less than the lower limit, the solubility and the film characteristics tend to be lowered.
- To 30 ⁇ m. To form a measurement sample, and using a thermomechanical analyzer (trade name “TMA8310” manufactured by Rigaku) as a measurement device, under a nitrogen atmosphere, a tensile mode (49 mN), Adopting a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min, measuring the change in the length of the sample in the vertical direction from 50 ° C. to 200 ° C., the length per 1 ° C. in the temperature range of 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. The value obtained by calculating the average value of the changes in is adopted.
- TMA8310 manufactured by Rigaku
- the shape of such a polyimide is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a film shape or a powder shape, or may be a pellet shape by extrusion.
- the polyimide of the present invention can be formed into a film shape, formed into a pellet shape by extrusion molding, or can be appropriately formed into various shapes by a known method.
- the polyimide having the repeating unit represented by the general formula (4) has sufficiently high transparency and higher heat resistance.
- the repeating unit has a rigid alicyclic structure, The present inventors speculate that polyimide has a chemically sufficiently stable structure, and thereby sufficiently high heat resistance is achieved.
- such polyimide since such polyimide has sufficiently high transparency and higher heat resistance, it is a flexible wiring board film, heat-resistant insulating tape, wire enamel, semiconductor protective coating agent, liquid crystal alignment film, organic EL Transparent conductive film for film, flexible substrate film, flexible transparent conductive film, transparent conductive film for organic thin film solar cell, transparent conductive film for dye-sensitized solar cell, flexible gas barrier film, film for touch panel, copying machine Seamless polyimide belt (so-called transfer belt), transparent electrode substrate (transparent electrode substrate for organic EL, transparent electrode substrate for solar cell, transparent electrode substrate for electronic paper, etc.), interlayer insulating film, sensor substrate, image sensor substrate, light emitting diode (LED) reflector (LED illumination reflector) LED reflector), LED illumination cover, LED reflector illumination cover, coverlay film, high ductility composite substrate, semiconductor resist, lithium ion battery, organic memory substrate, organic transistor substrate, organic semiconductor substrate It is particularly useful as a material for producing a color filter substrate and the like.
- LED light emitting
- such a polyimide can be used in the form of a powder or various molded bodies, for example, by using its sufficiently high heat resistance. It can also be used as appropriate for industrial parts, aerospace parts, bearing parts, seal materials, bearing parts, gear wheels and valve parts.
- such a polyimide can have a lower dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) depending on its structure. Therefore, when the polyimide of the present invention is used for, for example, a correlation insulating film material for a semiconductor, a substrate film for a flexible printed wiring board (FPC), transmission loss can be sufficiently reduced. Therefore, the polyimide of the present invention can be suitably used for a high frequency band material (for example, a large scale integrated circuit (LSI) or an electronic circuit).
- LSI large scale integrated circuit
- the method for producing such a polyimide of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the polyimide production method of the present invention is preferably employed because the polyimide of the present invention can be produced more efficiently.
- the manufacturing method of the polyimide of this invention is mentioned later.
- polyamide acid The polyamic acid of the present invention has the following general formula (5):
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms. ] It has a repeating unit represented by.
- Such a polyamic acid can be suitably used for producing the polyimide of the present invention (can be obtained as a reaction intermediate (precursor) for producing the polyimide of the present invention.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 5 in the general formula (5) is similar to the R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 5 in the general formula (4), the Suitable examples are also the same as R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 5 in the general formula (4).
- a plurality of R 1 in the general formula (5) may be the same or different from each other, but from the viewpoint of ease of purification, the same It is preferable that Furthermore, R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (5) may be the same or different from each other, but are the same from the viewpoint of easiness of purification and the like. It is preferable.
- Such a polyamic acid preferably has an intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of 0.05 to 3.0 dL / g, and more preferably 0.1 to 2.0 dL / g.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] is smaller than 0.05 dL / g, when a film-like polyimide is produced using the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ], the resulting film tends to be brittle, while 3.0 dL / g is reduced. When it exceeds, the viscosity is too high and the processability is lowered, and for example, when a film is produced, it is difficult to obtain a uniform film.
- Such intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] can be measured as follows.
- N, N-dimethylacetamide is used as a solvent, and the polyamic acid is dissolved in the N, N-dimethylacetamide so as to have a concentration of 0.5 g / dL, and a measurement sample (solution) is obtained. obtain.
- the viscosity of the measurement sample is measured using a kinematic viscometer under a temperature condition of 30 ° C., and the obtained value is adopted as the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ].
- an automatic viscosity measuring device (trade name “VMC-252”) manufactured by Koiso Co., Ltd. is used.
- the content of the repeating unit represented by the said General formula (5) is all repeating units. It is more preferably 50 to 100 mol% based on Such a polyamic acid may contain other repeating units as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Such other repeating units are not particularly limited, and known repeating units that can be used for polyamic acid can be appropriately used.
- other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above general formula (1) Examples include repeating units derived from other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides. Such other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides will be described later.
- the molar ratio ([the repeating unit represented by the general formula (5)]: [other repeating units]) is 99.9: 0.1-0. .1: 99.9. Furthermore, when other repeating units are included, the content ratio between the repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) and the other repeating units is determined from the viewpoint of heat resistance and transparency of the resulting polyimide.
- the ratio ([the repeating unit represented by the general formula (5)]: [other repeating unit]) is preferably 9: 1 to 5: 5 (more preferably 9: 1 to 7: 3).
- the method for producing the polyamic acid of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the polyamic acid of the present invention can be produced more efficiently, so the method for producing the polyamic acid of the present invention described below is adopted. It is preferable to do.
- the method for producing the polyamic acid of the present invention comprises the following general formula (1) in the presence of an organic solvent:
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the polyamic acid which has a repeating unit represented by this is obtained.
- the method for producing a polyamic acid of the present invention comprises a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) and an aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (6) in the presence of an organic solvent. Is reacted to obtain a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (5).
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) used in such a method for producing a polyamic acid is the same as the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention (the above general formula (1)).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above are the same as those described in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention, and the preferred ones are also the same. is there.).
- R 1, R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1) used for such reactions be the same as R 1, R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (4) preferable.
- the method for manufacturing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) can be suitably used. .
- R 5 in the formula (6) is the same as the R 5 in the formula described in the polyimide of the present invention (4)
- the preferred one is also the same as R 5 in the general formula (4).
- Examples of the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (6) include 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylethane, and 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl.
- the method for producing such an aromatic diamine is not particularly limited, and a known method can be appropriately employed. Moreover, you may use a commercially available thing suitably as such aromatic diamine. Moreover, you may utilize the aromatic diamine represented by such General formula (6) individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- organic solvent used for the said process it is possible to melt
- organic solvents examples include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, propylene carbonate, tetramethylurea, 1,3- Aprotic polar solvents such as dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, pyridine; phenol solvents such as m-cresol, xylenol, phenol, halogenated phenol; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, cellosolve, glyme And ether solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene. Such organic solvents may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the use ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) and the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (6) is not particularly limited, but in the general formula (6) It is preferable that the acid anhydride group of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) is 0.2 to 2 equivalents with respect to 1 equivalent of the amino group of the aromatic diamine represented, More preferably, the amount is 0.3 to 1.2 equivalents.
- the preferred use ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) and the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (6) is less than the lower limit, the polymerization reaction does not proceed efficiently. On the other hand, when the upper limit is exceeded, high molecular weight polyamic acid tends not to be obtained as described above.
- the total amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the said General formula (1) and the aromatic diamine represented by the said General formula (6) is the total amount of a reaction solution.
- the amount is preferably 1 to 80% by mass (more preferably 5 to 50% by mass). If the amount of the organic solvent used is less than the lower limit, it tends to be impossible to obtain polyamic acid efficiently. On the other hand, if the amount exceeds the upper limit, stirring becomes difficult due to high viscosity, and a high molecular weight product cannot be obtained. There is a tendency.
- a basic compound may be further added to the organic solvent.
- a basic compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include triethylamine, tetrabutylamine, tetrahexylamine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -undecene-7, pyridine, isoquinoline, ⁇ -picoline and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the amount of such a basic compound used is preferably 0.001 to 10 equivalents relative to 1 equivalent of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1). It is more preferable that the amount be 0.1 equivalent. If the amount of such a basic compound used is less than the above lower limit, the effect of addition tends not to be exhibited. On the other hand, if it exceeds the upper limit, it tends to cause coloring or the like.
- reaction temperature at the time of making the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the said General formula (1) and the aromatic diamine represented by the said General formula (6) react these compounds. What is necessary is just to adjust suitably to possible temperature, although it does not restrict
- a method of making the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the said General formula (1) and the aromatic diamine represented by the said General formula (6) react a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and aromatic diamine are mentioned. A method capable of carrying out the polymerization reaction can be used as appropriate, and is not particularly limited.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above general formula (1) is added at the reaction temperature, and then reacted for 10 to 48 hours. If the reaction temperature or reaction time is less than the lower limit, it tends to be difficult to cause sufficient reaction. On the other hand, if the upper limit is exceeded, the probability of mixing a substance (such as oxygen) that degrades the polymer increases and the molecular weight increases. It tends to decrease.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above general formula (1) is reacted with the aromatic diamine represented by the above general formula (6) to obtain the above general formula.
- a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the formula (5) can be obtained.
- the polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) thus obtained is the same as that described for the polyamic acid of the present invention (in the general formula (5) above).
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 5 are the same as R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 5 described in the polyamic acid of the present invention, it is the same as the preferable examples.) . Therefore, the method for producing a polyamic acid of the present invention can be suitably used as a method for producing the polyamic acid of the present invention.
- the polyamic acid obtained by the present invention contains other repeating units together with the repeating unit represented by the general formula (5), the above general acid is used in the production of the polyamic acid.
- Examples of other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) include, for example, butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4- Cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dianhydride, 3,5,6-tricarboxynorbornane-2 Acetic dianhydride, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3,3a, 4,5,9b-hexahydro-5- (tetrahydro-2,5-dioxo-3-furanyl ) -Naphtho [1,2-c] -furan-1,3-dione, 1,3,3a, 4,5,9b-Hexahydro-5-methyl-5- (tetrahydro-2,5
- Examples of other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) include, for example, those represented by the general formula (14) as other repeating units in polyamic acid.
- the repeating unit is introduced (when the repeating unit represented by the general formula (13) is introduced into the polyimide obtained using the polyamic acid), the following general formula (15):
- the compounds exemplified above can be used as appropriate.
- the amount of the used polyimide has sufficient transparency from the viewpoint of preventing coloring due to intramolecular CT. It is preferable to change as appropriate within the range where it is possible.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydrides represented by the general formula (1) and the other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides are used.
- the total amount of acid anhydride groups in the product is 0.2 with respect to 1 equivalent of the amino group of the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (6). It is preferable that the amount be ⁇ 2 equivalents (more preferably 0.3 to 1.2 equivalents).
- the ratio of use thereof is a molar ratio ([represented by the above general formula (1). Tetracarboxylic dianhydride]: [other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides]) is preferably 9: 1 to 5: 5 (more preferably 9: 1 to 7: 3).
- the use ratio (molar ratio) of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) is less than the lower limit, the heat resistance of the resulting polyimide tends to decrease, and on the other hand, when the upper limit is exceeded. There exists a tendency for the effect on the physical property of the polyimide using the other tetracarboxylic dianhydride to become difficult to express.
- the isolation method is not particularly limited, and the polyamic acid is simply used.
- a known method that can be separated can be appropriately employed, and for example, a method of isolating as a reprecipitate may be employed.
- the polyamic acid solution of the present invention contains the polyamic acid of the present invention and an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent used in such a polyamic acid solution resin solution: varnish
- the same organic solvent as that used in the method for producing a polyamic acid of the present invention can be suitably used. Therefore, the polyamic acid solution of the present invention may be prepared by carrying out the above-described method for producing a polyamic acid of the present invention and using the reaction solution obtained after the reaction as it is as a polyamic acid solution.
- the polyamic acid solution of the present invention comprises a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) and an aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (6) in the presence of the organic solvent. You may make it react, producing the polyamic acid which has a repeating unit represented by the said General formula (5), and obtaining the solution containing the said polyamic acid and the said organic solvent.
- the content of the polyamic acid in such a polyamic acid solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 80% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 50% by mass. If such a content is less than the lower limit, the production of the polyimide film tends to be difficult. On the other hand, if the content exceeds the upper limit, the production of the polyimide film tends to be difficult.
- a polyamic acid solution can be suitably used for the production of the polyimide of the present invention, and can be suitably used for producing polyimides having various shapes. For example, such a polyamic acid solution is applied on various substrates, imidized and cured, whereby a film-shaped polyimide can be easily produced.
- the method for producing the polyimide of the present invention has the following general formula (5):
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by general formula (4) is imidized:
- a plurality of R 1 s each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group and a nitro group, or the same carbon atom. And two R 1 bonded to may form a methylidene group together, R 2 and R 3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 5 represents an arylene group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the polyamic acid having the repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) used in such a polyimide production method is the same as that described in the polyamic acid of the present invention (the preferred ones are also the same). .)
- Such an imidation method is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of imidizing polyamic acid, and a known method can be appropriately employed.
- the repetition represented by the above general formula (5) Adopting a method of imidizing a polyamic acid having a unit by heat treatment at a temperature of 60 to 400 ° C. (more preferably 150 to 350 ° C.) or a method of imidizing using a so-called “imidizing agent” It is preferable to do.
- the reaction tends to be delayed if the heating temperature is less than 60 ° C., and on the other hand, if the upper limit is exceeded, coloring or thermal decomposition may occur. There is a tendency for molecular weight to decrease.
- the reaction time (heating time) when employing the method of imidizing by heat treatment is preferably 0.5 to 5 hours. If such a reaction time is less than the lower limit, it tends to be difficult to sufficiently imidize. On the other hand, if it exceeds the upper limit, it tends to be colored or decrease in molecular weight due to thermal decomposition.
- polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the above general formula (5) is imidized in a solvent in the presence of an imidizing agent. It is preferable to do.
- a solvent the thing similar to the organic solvent used for the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned polyimide acid of the present invention can be used conveniently.
- an imidizing agent a known imidizing agent can be appropriately used.
- acid anhydrides such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, pyridine, collidine, lutidine, triethylamine, N And tertiary amines such as methylpiperidine.
- the reaction temperature during imidation is preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably 0 to 180 ° C., and 30 to 150 ° C. More preferably.
- the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 48 hours. If the reaction temperature or time is less than the lower limit, it tends to be difficult to sufficiently imidize.
- the amount of such an imidizing agent is not particularly limited, and is several millimoles to several moles (preferably 0.00 mol) with respect to 1 mole of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) in the polyamic acid. 05 to 4.0 moles).
- a condensing agent (carboxylic anhydride, carbodiimide, acid azide, active esterifying agent, etc.) and a reaction accelerator (tertiary amine) are used. Etc.) is preferably used (a combination thereof).
- a condensing agent a so-called dehydrating condensing agent such as carboxylic acid anhydride, carbodiimide, acid azide, and active esterifying agent
- a reaction accelerator tertiary amine, etc.
- the polyamic acid can be more efficiently dehydrated and closed and imidized.
- Such a condensing agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include carboxylic anhydrides such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride and trifluoroacetic anhydride, carbodiimides such as N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and diphenyl phosphoric acid.
- carboxylic anhydrides such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride and trifluoroacetic anhydride
- carbodiimides such as N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and diphenyl phosphoric acid.
- acid azides such as azide (DPPA), active esterifying agents such as Castro reagent, and dehydrating condensation agents such as 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxytriazine (CDMT).
- acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, and trifluoroacetic anhydride are preferable, acetic anhydride and propionic anhydride are more preferable, and acetic anhydride is still more preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity, availability, and practicality.
- Such condensing agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the reaction accelerator is not particularly limited as long as it can be used when the polyamic acid is condensed to form a polyimide, and a known compound can be appropriately used.
- a reaction accelerator can also function as an acid scavenger that supplements the acid by-produced during the reaction. Therefore, by using such a reaction accelerator, acceleration of the reaction and a reverse reaction due to by-product acid are suppressed, and the reaction can proceed more efficiently.
- Such a reaction accelerator is not particularly limited, but more preferably also serves as an acid scavenger.
- DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
- DABCO 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane
- DBN diazabicyclononene
- DBU diazabicycloundecene
- reaction accelerators triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylpiperidine, and pyridine are preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity, availability, and practicality, triethylamine, pyridine, and N-methylpiperidine are more preferable, and triethylamine, N More preferred is methylpiperidine.
- Such reaction accelerators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an imidizing agent for example, a catalytic amount of a reaction accelerator (DMAP, etc.) and an azeotropic dehydrating agent (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.) are added to form a polyamic acid.
- a reaction accelerator DMAP, etc.
- an azeotropic dehydrating agent benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.
- an azeotropic dehydrating agent may be appropriately used together with the reaction accelerator.
- Such an azeotropic dehydrating agent is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected from known azeotropic dehydrating agents according to the type of material used in the reaction.
- the polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) is obtained by the method for producing a polyamic acid of the present invention. Is preferred.
- a method for producing the polyimide of the present invention in the presence of an organic solvent, a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1), an aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (6), and It is preferable to further include a step of obtaining a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) by reacting
- this process is the same process as the process of obtaining the polyamic acid demonstrated in the manufacturing method of the polyamic acid of the said invention (The organic solvent to be used, tetracarboxylic dianhydride, aromatic diamine, reaction conditions, etc. are the above-mentioned.
- the said process After carrying out I), the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above general formula (1) in an organic solvent without isolating the polyamic acid having the repeating unit represented by the above general formula (5). And the reaction liquid obtained by reacting the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (10) (reaction liquid containing the polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (5)) as it is.
- a method may be employed in which the reaction solution is subjected to a treatment for removing the solvent by evaporation (solvent removal treatment) to remove the solvent, and then imidized by performing the heat treatment.
- solvent removal treatment By the treatment for evaporating and removing the solvent, it is possible to isolate the polyamic acid having the repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) in the form of a film, and then to perform a heat treatment.
- the temperature condition in the method of evaporating and removing the solvent (solvent removal treatment) is preferably 0 to 180 ° C., more preferably 30 to 150 ° C. If the temperature condition in such a drying process is less than the lower limit, it tends to be difficult to sufficiently evaporate and remove the solvent.
- the reaction solution obtained may be applied as it is on a substrate (for example, a glass plate), and the solvent may be removed by evaporation and heat treatment, It becomes possible to produce a film-like polyimide by a simple method.
- limit especially as a coating method of such a reaction liquid, A well-known method (casting method etc.) can be employ
- step (I) and step (II) when using the method including step (I) and step (II) and adopting a method of imidizing using an “imidizing agent”, an “imide” using an “imidizing agent” In the first place, it is preferable to imidize in a solvent (more preferably, the organic solvent described in the above-described method for producing a polyamic acid of the present invention).
- a solvent more preferably, the organic solvent described in the above-described method for producing a polyamic acid of the present invention.
- the above general formula (1 ) And a reaction liquid obtained by reacting the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (6) with a repeating unit represented by the general formula (5).
- the reaction solution containing the polyamic acid is used as it is (without isolating the polyamic acid having the repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) from the reaction solution after performing the step (I).
- a method of imidation by adding the imidization agent to the reaction solution can be suitably employed.
- the above-mentioned viewpoint (the reaction solution as it is) is used.
- the organic solvent described in the above-described method for producing a polyamic acid of the present invention (solvent used during polymerization: polymerization solvent) is preferable.
- N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2 -Pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like are preferable, and N, N-dimethylacetamide is more preferable.
- organic solvents polymerization solvents
- reaction liquid reaction liquid containing a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (4)
- an imidizing agent is added to the reaction liquid for imidization.
- the organic solvent polymerization solvent
- the organic solvent preferably has a boiling point of 20 ° C. or higher, preferably 50 to 250 ° C. If the boiling point is less than the above lower limit, polymerization at atmospheric pressure and room temperature becomes difficult, and there is a tendency to be carried out under special conditions such as under pressure and low temperature.
- the temperature condition during the chemical imidation is preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. to It is more preferably 150 ° C., further preferably 0 to 150 ° C., and particularly preferably 50 to 100 ° C. If such a temperature exceeds the upper limit, an undesirable side reaction tends to proceed and polyimide cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the temperature is lower than the lower limit, the reaction rate of chemical imidation decreases or the reaction itself does not proceed. Tend not to be obtained.
- imidization can be performed at a relatively low temperature range of ⁇ 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., so that the environmental load is reduced. It is possible to make it an advantageous method in the manufacturing process.
- the amount of the condensing agent used is not particularly limited, but is 0.05 to 0.05 with respect to 1 mole of repeating units in the polyamic acid.
- the amount is preferably 10.0 mol, more preferably 1 to 5 mol. If the amount of such a condensing agent (imidizing agent) is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate of chemical imidization tends to decrease, or the reaction itself does not proceed sufficiently and polyimide cannot be obtained sufficiently, When the upper limit is exceeded, an undesirable side reaction proceeds, and thus polyimide cannot be obtained efficiently.
- the usage-amount of the said reaction accelerator is although it does not restrict
- the amount is preferably from 05 to 4.0 mol, and more preferably from 0.5 to 2 mol. If the amount of the reaction accelerator used is less than the lower limit, the reaction rate of chemical imidization decreases, or the reaction itself does not proceed sufficiently and polyimide cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, it exceeds the upper limit. As a result, an undesirable side reaction proceeds, and thus polyimide cannot be obtained efficiently.
- the pressure conditions for performing such chemical imidation are not particularly limited, but are preferably 0.01 hPa to 1 MPa, more preferably 0.1 hPa to 0.3 MPa. If such pressure is less than the lower limit, the solvent, the condensing agent, and the reaction accelerator are gasified, the stoichiometry is lost, the reaction is adversely affected, and the reaction tends to be difficult to proceed sufficiently. On the other hand, when the above upper limit is exceeded, undesirable side reactions proceed or the solubility of the polyamic acid is lowered and tends to precipitate before imidization.
- the polyimide obtained by this invention when the polyimide obtained by this invention is obtained in the state melt
- the polyimide may be deposited and recovered.
- dissolve in this way it also becomes possible to obtain a polyimide as a deposit. In this case, it can also be set as a powder (particulate) polyimide.
- the polyimide obtained by this invention shall contain another repeating unit with the repeating unit represented by the said General formula (4)
- the polyamic acid used for the manufacture is made into the said general formula ( It is good also as what contains another repeating unit with the repeating unit represented by 5).
- the method for producing a polyimide of the present invention is a method including the steps (I) and (II)
- other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides may be used and reacted with the aromatic diamine, followed by step (II).
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1), the same ones as described in the method for producing a polyamic acid of the present invention are appropriately used. Can be used.
- the polyimide represented by the general formula (4) thus obtained is the same as that described in the polyimide of the present invention (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R in the formula (4)).
- 5 is the same as R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 5 described in the polyimide of the present invention, and the preferred ones are also the same). Therefore, the method for producing a polyimide of the present invention is a method that can be suitably used as a method for producing the polyimide of the present invention.
- the polyimide thus obtained has a primary structure in which an acid dianhydride having a rigid alicyclic structure and an aromatic diamine are bonded to each other, and electron transfer of the polyimide molecular chain ring is difficult to occur.
- the polyimide has very high transparency and higher heat resistance based on the softening temperature. Therefore, the polyimide of the present invention can be appropriately used for various applications.
- the film of the present invention is made of the polyimide of the present invention.
- a film (polyimide film) of the present invention may be a film made of polyimide described as the polyimide of the present invention. Therefore, the film of the present invention may be obtained using, for example, the above-described polyamic acid solution of the present invention.
- the form of such a polyimide film is not particularly limited as long as it is in the form of a film, and can be appropriately designed into various shapes (disk shape, cylindrical shape (film processed into a cylindrical shape), etc.) When manufactured using a polyimide solution, the design can be changed more easily.
- the thickness of the film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than the lower limit, the strength tends to be reduced and handling tends to be difficult.On the other hand, if the upper limit is exceeded, multiple coatings may be required or processing may be complicated. Tend to occur.
- the film of the present invention has sufficiently high transparency and higher heat resistance, for example, a film for a flexible wiring board, a film used for a liquid crystal alignment film, and a transparent conductivity for organic EL.
- TAB TAB
- aromatic diamine all are commercial items (4,4'-DDE: Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., DABAN: Nippon Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd., BAPP: Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., APBP: Nippon Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd. Made).
- IR measurement infrared absorption spectrum measurement
- NMR measurement nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum measurement
- IR measurement and NMR measurement as a measuring device, an IR measuring device (manufactured by Thermo Scientific, product name: Nicolet 380 FT-IR spectroscope), an NMR measuring device (manufactured by VARIAN, product name: UNITY INOVA-), respectively. 600) was used.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the softening temperature of the polyimide obtained in each example and each comparative example was measured using a thermomechanical analyzer (trade name “TMA8311” manufactured by Rigaku) as a measuring device, and the polyimide obtained in each example and each comparative example.
- TMA8311 manufactured by Rigaku
- Each sample was cut from a film made into a size that can be attached to the jig of the measuring device (the sample size does not affect the measured value), and the heating rate was 5 ° C./min and 30 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the softening temperature is calculated based on the measurement data in accordance with the method described in JIS K 7196 (1991) except that the measurement sample is used. It was.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of the polyamic acid obtained as an intermediate when producing a film made of polyimide or the like in each Example and each Comparative Example is an automatic viscosity measuring device (trade name “VMC-252” manufactured by Koiso Co., Ltd.). ), A measurement sample of polyamic acid having a concentration of 0.5 g / dL was prepared using N, N-dimethylacetamide as a solvent, and measurement was performed at a temperature of 30 ° C.
- the total light transmittance is obtained by measuring in accordance with JIS K7361-1 (issued in 1997), and haze (turbidity) is obtained by performing measurement in accordance with JIS K7136 (issued in 2000).
- the chromaticity (YI) was determined by performing measurement according to ASTM E313-05 (issued in 2005).
- the values of the dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) and relative dielectric constant ( ⁇ r) were measured using the test pieces (width: 15 mm, length: 80 mm) prepared as described above, respectively, at 23 ° C. and relative humidity. The experiment was performed in a laboratory adjusted to a 50% environment. Further, as a measuring apparatus, an apparatus constituted by a trade name “PNA-L Network Analyzer N5230A” manufactured by Agilent Technologies Inc. and a trade name “Cavity Resonator CP431” manufactured by Kanto Electronics Application Development Co., Ltd. was used.
- the test piece was set in the cavity resonator of the measurement apparatus (trade name “Cavity Resonator CP431” manufactured by Kanto Electronics Application Development Co., Ltd.), the frequency was set to 1 GHz, and the cavity resonator perturbation method ( Measured values of dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) and relative dielectric constant ( ⁇ r) were respectively determined according to ASTM D2520. Then, such actual measurement values were measured three times in total, and the average values thereof were obtained to obtain the values of dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) and relative dielectric constant ( ⁇ r). Thus, as the values of dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) and relative dielectric constant ( ⁇ r), average values of actually measured values obtained by three measurements were adopted.
- Example 1 In a container of 1000 mL glass autoclave (trade name “Hyperblaster TEM-V type” manufactured by pressure-resistant glass industry), methanol (410 mL), CuCl 2 (II) (40.8 g, 304 mmol), the following general formula (16 ):
- a glass tube was arranged so that gas could be bubbled through the glass tube with respect to the mixed solution existing inside the container.
- the container was sealed and the atmosphere gas inside was replaced with nitrogen.
- a vacuum pump was connected to the container to reduce the pressure in the container (pressure in the container: 0.015 MPa).
- a rate (flow rate) of 0.015 molar equivalent / min with respect to the raw material compound temperature: 25-30 ° C., pressure :
- stirring the mixture for 2.5 hours changing the temperature condition, maintaining the condition of temperature: 40 ° C., pressure: 0.13 MPa
- the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain a reaction solution.
- the atmosphere gas containing carbon monoxide is removed from the inside of the vessel, and methanol is removed from the reaction solution by concentrating the reaction solution with an evaporator while maintaining the temperature in the range of 30 to 40 ° C.
- chloroform 200 ml was added to the reaction product, and the mixture was filtered through celite. The filtrate was then separated with 5% hydrochloric acid and saturated sodium bicarbonate, and the organic layer was collected.
- 20 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate was added as a desiccant to the organic layer collected in this manner and stirred for 1 hour.
- the desiccant is filtered off from the organic layer, and the organic layer after the desiccant is filtered off is concentrated to obtain a product (white to pale yellow solid, yield 26.8 g, yield 85.6). %).
- the tetraester compound represented by the formula (5,5'-bi-2-norbornene-5,5 ', 6,6'-tetracarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester) was confirmed.
- Example 2 First, the tetraester compound represented by the general formula (17) obtained in Example 1 (5,5′-bi-2-norbornene-5,5 ′, 6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester) A solution in which 5 g was dissolved in 72 g of acetic acid was prepared, and the solution was added to a flask with a reflux tube having a capacity of 200 mL. Next, 0.089 g of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF 3 SO 3 H) was added to the solution as an acid catalyst (homogeneous acid catalyst).
- CF 3 SO 3 H trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
- the usage-amount (addition amount to the said solution) of such an acid catalyst is the molar ratio of the functional group (sulfonic acid) in an acid catalyst with respect to the tetraester compound represented by the said General formula (17) ([[ The molar amount of the tetraester compound]: [the molar amount of the functional group (sulfonic acid) in the catalyst)]) is 1: 0.05 (the molar amount of the catalyst acid relative to the tetraester compound is 0.05 mol) Equivalent amount).
- step (i) a step (hereinafter referred to as “step (i)”) was performed so that the amount of liquid in the flask became constant.
- step (i) a white precipitate is generated in the liquid (reaction solution) in the flask after 2 hours have elapsed after the start of evaporation of the vapor. confirmed.
- step (i) the distillate distilled off from the system was analyzed by mass measurement and gas chromatography every hour to confirm the degree of progress of the reaction. Such an analysis confirmed that acetic acid, methyl acetate, and water were present in the distillate. And after starting distillation of vapor
- step (i) acetic acid is distilled off from the solution in the flask to obtain a concentrated solution, and then the concentrated solution is filtered under reduced pressure using a filter paper to obtain a white solid. Got the minute. The obtained white solid was washed with ethyl acetate and dried to obtain 3.1 g of white powder.
- the yield relative to the theoretical amount of the product calculated from the charged amount (used amount) of the tetraester compound (raw material) represented by the general formula (17) used in the production As a result, it was confirmed that the yield was 79.6%. Furthermore, when the obtained product was visually confirmed, it was white and coloring was not confirmed.
- Example 3 ⁇ Preparation process of polyamic acid>
- 4,4′-DDE 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether
- 4,4′-DDE 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above general formula (18)
- dimethylacetamide N, N-dimethylacetamide
- the obtained mixed liquid was stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to produce polyamic acid, and a reaction liquid containing the polyamic acid (polyamic acid solution) was obtained. .
- a reaction liquid containing the polyamic acid (polyamic acid solution) was obtained.
- a dimethylacetamide solution having a polyamic acid concentration of 0.5 g / dL was prepared.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] was 0.579 dL / g.
- the reaction solution (polyamic acid solution) obtained by the polyamic acid preparation step is a large slide glass (trade name “S9213” manufactured by Matsunami Glass Industrial Co., Ltd., length: 76 mm, width 52 mm, thickness 1.3 mm).
- a spin coating was applied on top to form a coating film on a glass plate. Thereafter, the glass plate on which the coating film was formed was put into an oven, the temperature condition was set to 60 ° C., and the mixture was allowed to stand in a nitrogen atmosphere for 4 hours, and then the temperature condition was changed to 350 ° C. (final heating temperature).
- the coating film was cured by allowing to stand for a time, and a polyimide-coated glass in which a thin film made of polyimide (a film made of polyimide) was coated on the glass substrate was obtained.
- the polyimide-coated glass thus obtained is taken out of the oven, immersed in hot water at 90 ° C. for 0.5 hour, and the film is peeled off from the glass substrate and collected to obtain a film made of polyimide ( A film having a length of 76 mm, a width of 52 mm, and a thickness of 12 ⁇ m was obtained.
- a film made of polyimide A film having a length of 76 mm, a width of 52 mm, and a thickness of 12 ⁇ m was obtained.
- the film which consists of an obtained polyimide when the color was confirmed visually, it was confirmed that it is colorless and transparent.
- the IR spectrum of the film thus obtained was measured.
- the IR spectrum of the obtained film is shown in FIG.
- the C ⁇ O stretching vibration of imidecarbonyl was observed at 1701.0 cm ⁇ 1 , it was confirmed that the obtained film was made of polyimide.
- the evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide thus obtained are shown in Table 1.
- the total light transmittance of the obtained film made of polyimide was 89% as shown in Table 1, it was found that the light transmittance was sufficiently high.
- the softening temperature of the polyimide which forms the film thus obtained was measured with a thermomechanical analyzer (trade name “TMA8310”, manufactured by Rigaku), the softening temperature was 499 ° C. and Tg was 356 ° C. Therefore, it was also found that it has sufficiently high heat resistance.
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (norbornane-2-spiro- ⁇ -cyclopentanone- ⁇ ′-spiro-2 ′′ -norbornane-5,5 ′′, 6,6 ′′ -tetracarboxylic acid Anhydride) was prepared.
- a part of the reaction solution (polyamic acid solution) was used to prepare an N, N-dimethylacetamide solution having a polyamic acid concentration of 0.5 g / dL.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of the polyamic acid as a body was measured, the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of the polyamic acid was 1.00 dL / g.
- thermo imidization process thermo imidization process
- a large slide glass (trade name “S9213” manufactured by Matsunami Glass Industrial Co., Ltd., length: 76 mm, width 52 mm, thickness 1.3 mm) was prepared as a glass substrate, and the reaction solution (polyamic acid solution) obtained as described above was prepared.
- the solution was spin-coated on the surface of the glass substrate so that the thickness of the coating film after heat curing was 13 ⁇ m, thereby forming a coating film on the glass substrate.
- the glass substrate on which the coating film was formed was placed on a hot plate at 60 ° C. and allowed to stand for 2 hours, and the solvent was evaporated and removed from the coating film (solvent removal treatment).
- the glass substrate on which the coating film has been formed is put into an inert oven in which nitrogen is flowing at a flow rate of 3 L / min, and in the inert oven, at 25 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. After standing at temperature conditions for 0.5 hours, heating at 135 ° C temperature conditions for 0.5 hours, further heating at 350 ° C temperature conditions (final heating temperature) for 1 hour to cure the coating film, A polyimide-coated glass in which a thin film made of polyimide (a film made of polyimide) was coated on the glass substrate was obtained.
- the polyimide-coated glass thus obtained is immersed in hot water at 90 ° C., and the film is peeled off from the glass substrate, whereby a film made of polyimide (length 76 mm, width 52 mm, thickness 13 ⁇ m). Of the size of the film).
- the polyimide obtained in Example 3 has a repeating unit represented by the above general formula (1) (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 in the formula is based on the type of monomer used and the result of IR spectrum). All are hydrogen atoms, and R 5 is a polyimide containing a group represented by the above general formula (12) (wherein Q is —O—).
- Example 3 has a lower dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) than the polyimides obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It was.
- a polyimide formed using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (18)) obtained in Example 2 (Example 3: the above general formula ( 1), a lower dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) compared to a polyimide formed using tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (19) or CBDA. It was found that can be achieved.
- Example 3 was compared with the polyimide obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 when used for an interlayer insulating material for semiconductors, a substrate film for flexible printed wiring boards, and the like. Thus, it can be seen that the transmission loss is smaller. Therefore, the polyimide obtained in Example 3 can be suitably applied to, for example, a high frequency band material.
- Example 4 Preparation process of polyamic acid> First, instead of using 0.601 g (3.00 mmol) of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4′-DDE) as an aromatic diamine, 0.682 g (3 of 3,4-diaminobenzanilide (DABAN)) was used. .00 mmol), and the same step as that for preparing the polyamic acid employed in Example 3 was adopted except that the temperature at which the mixture was stirred was changed from room temperature (25 ° C.) to 60 ° C. A reaction solution (polyamic acid solution) was obtained.
- 4,4′-DDE 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether
- DABAN 3,4-diaminobenzanilide
- thermo imidization process thermo imidization process
- the above coating solution obtained by using 0.682 g (3.00 mmol) of 4,4-diaminobenzanilide (DABAN) was used, and further a polyimide preparation step In the (thermal imidization step), except that the temperature condition of the final heating temperature when curing the coating film was changed from 350 ° C. to 360 ° C., a film made of polyimide (length: 76 mm, 76 mm, A film having a width of 52 mm and a thickness of 8 ⁇ m was obtained.
- the IR spectrum of the film obtained in Example 4 was measured.
- the IR spectrum of the obtained film is shown in FIG.
- the polyimide obtained in Example 4 is a repeating unit represented by the general formula (1) (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 in the formula is based on the type of monomer used, the result of IR spectrum, and the like). Both were hydrogen atoms, and R 5 was a polyimide containing a group represented by the general formula (12) (Q in the formula is —CONH—).
- Table 2 The evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide thus obtained are shown in Table 2.
- the polyimide obtained in Example 4 and the polyimide obtained in Comparative Example 3 differ in the type of tetracarboxylic dianhydride used at the time of production, and the repeating unit derived from such tetracarboxylic dianhydride The structural parts of are different. From these results, a polyimide formed using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (18)) obtained in Example 2 (the above general formula (1)).
- the polyimide containing the repeating unit represented by the formula (19) has higher heat resistance than the polyimide obtained using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (19). I understood.
- Example 5 ⁇ Preparation process of polyamic acid> Instead of using 0.601 g (3.00 mmol) of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4′-DDE) as an aromatic diamine, 0.545 g (2.40 mmol) of 4,4-diaminobenzanilide (DABAN) And a mixture of 0.120 g (0.60 mmol) of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4′-DDE) (molar ratio of DABAN to 4,4′-DDE ([DABAN]: [4,4′-DDE) ]) Is 80:20), and the temperature at the time of stirring the mixed solution is changed from room temperature (25 ° C.) to 60 ° C., and is the same as the polyamic acid preparation step employed in Example 3
- the reaction solution (polyamic acid solution) was obtained by adopting the process.
- ⁇ Polyimide preparation process thermo imidization process
- a reaction solution polyamic acid solution
- a mixture of 0.120 g (0.60 mmol) of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4′-DDE) and 4,4-diaminobenzanilide (DABAN) was used.
- a film made of polyimide (a film having a length of 76 mm, a width of 52 mm, and a thickness of 8 ⁇ m) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the obtained polyamic acid solution was used.
- FIG. 9 shows the IR spectrum of the obtained film.
- the polyimide obtained in Example 5 is a repeating unit represented by the general formula (1) (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 in the formula is based on the type of monomer used and the result of IR spectrum). Both are hydrogen atoms, and R 5 is a group represented by the above general formula (12) (including two groups in which Q is —O— and —CONH—). .)).
- the evaluation results of the characteristics of such polyimide are shown in Table 3.
- the polyimide obtained in Example 5 and the polyimide obtained in Comparative Example 4 differ in the type of tetracarboxylic dianhydride used at the time of production, and the repeating unit derived from such tetracarboxylic dianhydride The structural parts of are different. From these results, a polyimide formed using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (18)) obtained in Example 2 (the above general formula (1)).
- the polyimide containing the repeating unit represented by the formula (19) has higher heat resistance than the polyimide obtained using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (19). I understood.
- Example 6 the tetraester compound represented by the general formula (17) obtained in Example 1 (5,5′-bi-2-norbornene-5,5 ′, 6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester) A solution in which 5 g was dissolved in 72 g of acetic acid was prepared, and the solution was added to a flask with a reflux tube having a capacity of 200 mL. Next, 0.09 g of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF 3 SO 3 H) is added to the solution as an acid catalyst (homogeneous acid catalyst) and 69.0 g of acetic anhydride ((CH 3 CO) 2 O) is added. did. It was.
- CF 3 SO 3 H trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
- the usage-amount (addition amount to the said solution) of such an acid catalyst is the molar ratio ([Tetra] of the functional group (sulfonic acid) in an acid catalyst with respect to the tetraester compound represented by General formula (17).
- Molar amount of ester compound]: [Mole amount of functional group (sulfonic acid) in catalyst)]) is 1: 0.05 (molar amount of catalyst acid relative to tetraester compound is 0.05 molar equivalent) Amount).
- the solution is heated with a magnetic stirrer under a nitrogen stream under atmospheric pressure, and the temperature in the flask is set to 118 ° C. Refluxing was performed for 5 hours. Thereafter, filtration under reduced pressure using filter paper was performed to obtain a white solid. Then, the obtained white solid was washed with ethyl acetate and dried to obtain 3.1 g of white powder.
- Example 6 In order to confirm the structure of the white powder (product) thus obtained, IR measurement and NMR ( 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR) measurement were performed in the same manner as in Example 2. The IR spectrum thus obtained is shown in FIG. 10, and 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) spectra are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, respectively.
- the product obtained in Example 6 is a tetracarboxylic dianhydride (5,5′-bi-vinyl) represented by the general formula (18). 2-norbornene-5,5 ′, 6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid-5,5 ′, 6,6′-dianhydride).
- the yield relative to the theoretical amount of the product calculated from the charged amount (used amount) of the tetraester compound (raw material) represented by the general formula (17) used in the production As a result, it was confirmed that the yield was 78.9%. Furthermore, when the obtained product was visually confirmed, it was white and coloring was not confirmed. From these results, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (5,5′-bi-2-norbornene-5,5 ′) represented by the general formula (18) was also used in the method employed in Example 6. , 6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid-5,5 ′, 6,6′-dianhydride).
- Example 7 ⁇ Preparation process of polyamic acid> Instead of using 0.601 g (3.00 mmol) of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4′-DDE) as an aromatic diamine, 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane ( BPP) was used in an amount of 1.232 g (3.00 mmol), and the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride obtained in Example 2 was replaced with tetraacetate obtained in Example 6 employing a production method using acetic anhydride Carboxylic dianhydride (tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above general formula (18): 5,5′-bi-2-norbornene-5,5 ′, 6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid-5, 5 ′, 6,6′-dianhydride: Example 3 except that the compound obtained in Example 2 and the compound obtained in Example 6 are the same compounds, although the production methods are different.
- BPP 2,2-bis [
- polyamic acid solution Of polyamic acid used in A process similar to the production process was employed to obtain a polyamic acid solution. 8.89 g of dimethylacetamide (N, N-dimethylacetamide) is added to the reaction solution thus obtained (polyamic acid solution) and used for the following polyimide preparation step (thermal imidization step). A coating solution was prepared.
- dimethylacetamide N, N-dimethylacetamide
- thermo imidization process thermo imidization process
- the above coating obtained by using 1.232 g (3.00 mmol) of 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane (BAPP) instead of the reaction solution (polyamic acid solution)
- BAPP 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane
- the final heating temperature was changed from 350 ° C. to 300 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the temperature was changed from 350 ° C. to 300 ° C.
- a film made of polyimide (length: 76 mm, width 52 mm, thickness 7 ⁇ m) was obtained.
- the IR spectrum of the film obtained in Example 7 was measured.
- the IR spectrum of the obtained film is shown in FIG.
- the polyimide obtained in Example 7 is a repeating unit represented by the above general formula (1) (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 in the formula is based on the type of monomer used and the result of IR spectrum). Both are hydrogen atoms, and R 5 is a group represented by the general formula (12) (wherein Q is —O—C 6 H 4 —C (CH 3 ) 2 —C 6 H 4 —O). It was found to be a polyimide containing-.
- the evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide thus obtained are shown in Table 4.
- the polyimide obtained in Example 7 and the polyimide obtained in Comparative Example 5 differ in the type of tetracarboxylic dianhydride used at the time of production, and the repeating unit derived from such tetracarboxylic dianhydride The structural parts of are different. From these results, a polyimide formed using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (18)) obtained in Example 6 (the above general formula (1)).
- the polyimide containing the repeating unit represented by the formula (19) has higher heat resistance than the polyimide obtained using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (19). I understood.
- Example 7 had a lower dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) than the polyimide obtained in Comparative Example 5.
- a polyimide formed using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (18)) obtained in Example 6 (Example 7: the above general formula ( The polyimide containing the repeating unit represented by 1) achieves a lower dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) as compared with the polyimide formed using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (19) I understood that I could do it.
- Example 7 is compared with the polyimide obtained in Comparative Example 5 when used for an interlayer insulating material for semiconductors, a substrate film for flexible printed wiring boards, and the like. It can be seen that the transmission loss is smaller. Therefore, the polyimide obtained in Example 7 can be suitably applied to, for example, a high frequency band material.
- Example 8 ⁇ Preparation process of polyamic acid> Instead of using 1.232 g (3.00 mmol) of 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane (BAPP) as the aromatic diamine, 4,4′-bis (4-aminophenoxy) biphenyl A reaction solution (polyamic acid solution) was obtained by employing the same steps as the polyamic acid preparation step employed in Example 7, except that 1.11 g (3.00 mmol) of (APBP) was used. The intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of such polyamic acid was 0.619 dL / g.
- the IR spectrum of the film obtained in Example 8 was measured.
- the IR spectrum of the obtained film is shown in FIG.
- the polyimide obtained in Example 8 is a repeating unit represented by the above general formula (1) (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 in the formula is based on the type of monomer used and the result of IR spectrum). Both are hydrogen atoms, and R 5 is a group represented by the above general formula (12) (wherein Q is —O—C 6 H 4 —C 6 H 4 —O—). .)).
- the evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide thus obtained are shown in Table 5.
- the polyimide obtained in Example 8 and the polyimide obtained in Comparative Example 6 differ in the type of tetracarboxylic dianhydride used at the time of manufacture, and the repeating unit derived from such tetracarboxylic dianhydride The structural parts of are different. From these results, a polyimide formed using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (18)) obtained in Example 6 (the above general formula (1)).
- the polyimide containing the repeating unit represented by the formula (19) has higher heat resistance than the polyimide obtained using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (19). I understood.
- Example 8 had a lower dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) than the polyimide obtained in Comparative Example 6.
- a polyimide formed using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (18)) obtained in Example 6 (Example 8: the above general formula ( The polyimide containing the repeating unit represented by 1) achieves a lower dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) as compared with the polyimide formed using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (19) I understood that I could do it.
- the polyimide obtained in Example 8 is compared with the polyimide obtained in Comparative Example 6 when used for an interlayer insulating material for semiconductor, a substrate film for flexible printed wiring board, and the like. It can be seen that the transmission loss is smaller. Therefore, the polyimide obtained in Example 8 can be suitably applied to, for example, a high frequency band material.
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride that can be used as a raw material monomer for producing a polyimide having sufficient light transmittance and a higher level of heat resistance. It is possible to provide a production method capable of efficiently and reliably producing a product and its tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- the present invention also provides a carbonyl compound that can be used to efficiently produce the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and a production method that can efficiently and reliably produce the carbonyl compound. It becomes possible to do.
- a polyimide capable of having a higher level of heat resistance while having sufficient light transmittance, and a polyimide capable of efficiently and reliably producing the polyimide. It becomes possible to provide a manufacturing method and a film using such a polyimide.
- polyimide that has a sufficient level of light transmittance and can have a higher level of heat resistance, so that the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the present invention can be provided.
- Polyamide acid and polyimide are, for example, flexible wiring board films, heat resistant insulating tapes, wire enamels, semiconductor protective coating agents, liquid crystal alignment films, transparent conductive films for organic EL, flexible board films, flexible transparent conductive materials.
- Film transparent conductive film for organic thin film solar cell, transparent conductive film for dye-sensitized solar cell, various gas barrier film substrates (flexible gas barrier film, etc.), film for touch panel, seamless polyimide belt for copying machine (so-called transfer) Belt), transparent electrode substrate (transparent electrode base for organic EL) Transparent electrode substrates for solar cells, transparent electrode substrates for electronic paper, etc.), interlayer insulation films, sensor substrates, image sensor substrates, light-emitting diode (LED) reflectors (LED reflectors: LED reflectors), LEDs Lighting cover, LED reflector lighting cover, coverlay film, high ductility composite substrate, semiconductor resist, lithium ion battery, organic memory substrate, organic transistor substrate, organic semiconductor substrate, color filter substrate, etc. It is particularly useful as a material for producing
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Abstract
Description
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表される化合物である。
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
複数のR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基及び炭素数7~20のアラルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表される化合物である。
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
複数のR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基及び炭素数7~20のアラルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるカルボニル化合物を、酸触媒を用いて、炭素数1~5のカルボン酸中において加熱することにより、下記一般式(1):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物を得る、方法である。
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるノルボルネン系化合物をアルコール及び一酸化炭素と反応させて、下記一般式(2):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
複数のR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基及び炭素数7~20のアラルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるカルボニル化合物を得る、方法である。
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するものである。
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するものである。なお、このようなポリアミド酸は、上記本発明のポリイミドを製造する場合に反応中間体として得ることもできる。
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記一般式(6):
で表される芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて、下記一般式(5):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸を得る、方法である。
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸をイミド化して、下記一般式(4):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミドを得る、方法である。
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記一般式(6):
で表される芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて、下記一般式(5):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸を得る工程を含むことが好ましい。この場合には、上記本発明のポリイミドの製造方法を、前記有機溶媒の存在下、上記一般式(1)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、上記一般式(6)で表される芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて、上記一般式(5)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸を得る工程と、前記ポリアミド酸をイミド化して、上記一般式(4)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミドを得る工程とを含む方法とすることができ、一連の工程により、ポリイミドをより効率よく製造することも可能となる。
本発明のテトラカルボン酸二無水物は、下記一般式(1):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表される化合物である。
本発明のカルボニル化合物は、下記一般式(2):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
複数のR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基及び炭素数7~20のアラルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表される化合物である。このように、本発明のカルボニル化合物には、上記一般式(2)で表されかつ式中のR4がいずれも水素原子であるテトラカルボン酸と、上記一般式(2)で表されかつ式中のR4のうちのいずれかが水素原子以外の基であるエステル化合物(エステル基を含む化合物:なお、式(2)中のR4がいずれも水素原子以外の基である場合はテトラエステル化合物となる。)とが含まれ得る。
本発明のテトラカルボン酸二無水物の製造方法は、下記一般式(2):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
複数のR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基及び炭素数7~20のアラルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるカルボニル化合物を、酸触媒を用いて、炭素数1~5のカルボン酸中において加熱することにより、下記一般式(1):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物を得る、方法である。
本発明のカルボニル化合物の製造方法は、パラジウム触媒及び酸化剤の存在下において、下記一般式(3):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるノルボルネン系化合物をアルコール及び一酸化炭素と反応させて、下記一般式(2):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
複数のR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基及び炭素数7~20のアラルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるカルボニル化合物を得る、方法である。
RaOH (7)
[式(7)中、Raは前記一般式(2)中のR4として選択され得る原子及び基のうちの水素原子以外のものである。]
で表されるアルコールであることが好ましい。すなわち、このようなアルコールとしては、炭素数が1~10のアルキルアルコール、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルキルアルコール、炭素数が2~10のアルケニルアルコール、炭素数が6~20のアリールアルコール、炭素数が7~20のアラルキルアルコールを用いることが好ましい。
-COORa (8)
[式(8)中、Raは前記一般式(2)中のR4として選択され得る原子及び基のうちの水素原子以外のものである。]
で表されるエステル基(かかるエステル基は導入される位置ごとにR4が同一であっても異なっていてもよい。)を導入することが可能となり、これにより、前記一般式(2)で表されるカルボニル化合物を得ることができる。このように、本発明においては、パラジウム触媒及び酸化剤の存在下、アルコール(好ましくはRaOH)及び一酸化炭素(CO)を用いて、カルボニル化合物中のオレフィン部位の炭素にエステル基を導入する反応(以下、かかる反応を場合により単に「エステル化反応」と称する。)を利用して、前記一般式(2)で表されるカルボニル化合物を得ることを可能とする。
本発明のポリイミドは、下記一般式(4):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するものである。
で表される基のうちの少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
で表される繰り返し単位を好適なものとして例示することができる。
本発明のポリアミド酸は、下記一般式(5):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するものである。
で表される繰り返し単位を好適なものとして例示することができる。
本発明のポリアミド酸の製造方法は、有機溶媒の存在下、下記一般式(1):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記一般式(6):
で表される芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて、下記一般式(5):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸を得る、方法である。すなわち、本発明のポリアミド酸の製造方法は、有機溶媒の存在下、上記一般式(1)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、上記一般式(6)で表される芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて、上記一般式(5)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸を得る工程を含む方法である。
で表される化合物を利用することが好ましい。なお、このような一般式(15)で表される他のテトラカルボン酸二無水物を製造するための方法としては、特に制限されず、公知の方法(例えば、国際公開第2011/099517号に記載の方法や国際公開第2011/099518号に記載の方法)を適宜採用することができる。
本発明のポリアミド酸溶液は、上記本発明のポリアミド酸と有機溶媒とを含むものである。このようなポリアミド酸溶液(樹脂溶液:ワニス)に用いる有機溶媒としては、上記本発明のポリアミド酸の製造方法に用いる有機溶媒と同様のものを好適に利用することができる。そのため、本発明のポリアミド酸溶液は上記本発明のポリアミド酸の製造方法を実施して、反応後に得られた反応液をそのままポリアミド酸溶液とすることで調製してもよい。すなわち、本発明のポリアミド酸溶液は、前記有機溶媒の存在下、上記一般式(1)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、上記一般式(6)で表される芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて、上記一般式(5)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸を作製し、前記ポリアミド酸と前記有機溶媒とを含有する溶液を得ることにより製造してもよい。
本発明のポリイミドの製造方法は、下記一般式(5):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸をイミド化して、下記一般式(4):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミドを得る、方法である。
本発明のフィルムは、上記本発明のポリイミドからなるものである。このような本発明のフィルム(ポリイミドフィルム)は、上記本発明のポリイミドとして説明したポリイミドからなるフィルムであればよい。そのため、本発明のフィルムは、例えば、上記本発明のポリアミド酸溶液を用いて得られたものであってもよい。
各実施例や各比較例で得られた化合物の分子構造の同定は、その化合物に応じて、赤外吸収スペクトル測定(IR測定)、核磁気共鳴スペクトル測定(NMR測定)等の測定を適宜採用することで行った。なお、IR測定及びNMR測定には、測定装置として、それぞれ、IR測定機(Thermo Scientific社製、商品名:Nicolet380 FT-IR分光装置)、NMR測定機(VARIAN社製、商品名:UNITY INOVA-600)を用いた。
実施例3、実施例7~8、比較例1及び比較例5~6で得られたポリイミドのガラス転移温度(Tg)の値(単位:℃)は、測定装置として熱機械的分析装置(リガク製の商品名「TMA8311」を用いて、前記実施例及び比較例で得られたポリイミドからなるフィルムから前記測定装置の治具に装着できる大きさに切りだした試料(試料サイズは測定値に影響しない)をそれぞれ利用して、下記の軟化温度の測定の方法と同一方法(同一条件)を採用して測定した。
各実施例及び各比較例で得られたポリイミドの軟化温度は、測定装置として熱機械的分析装置(リガク製の商品名「TMA8311」を用いて、各実施例及び各比較例で得られたポリイミドからなるフィルムから前記測定装置の治具に装着できる大きさに切りだした試料(試料サイズは測定値に影響しない)をそれぞれ利用して、窒素雰囲気下、昇温速度5℃/分、30℃~550℃の温度範囲(走査温度)の条件でフィルムに透明石英製ピン(先端の直径:0.5mm)を500mN圧で針入れすることにより測定した(いわゆるペネトレーション(針入れ)法による測定)。このような測定に際しては、上記測定試料を利用する以外は、JIS K 7196(1991年)に記載の方法に準拠して、測定データに基づいて軟化温度を計算した。
各実施例及び各比較例でポリイミドからなるフィルム等を製造する際に中間体として得られたポリアミド酸の固有粘度[η]は、離合社製の自動粘度測定装置(商品名「VMC-252」)を用い、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミドを溶媒として、濃度0.5g/dLのポリアミド酸の測定試料を調製し、30℃の温度条件下において測定した。
全光線透過率の値(単位:%)、ヘイズ(濁度:HAZE)及び黄色度(YI)は、各実施例及び各比較例で製造したポリイミド(フィルム形状のポリイミド)をそのまま測定用の試料として用い、全光線透過率およびヘイズの測定装置として日本電色工業株式会社製の商品名「ヘーズメーターNDH-5000」、黄色度の測定装置として日本電色工業株式会社製の商品名「分光色彩計SD6000」を用いて、それぞれ測定を行うことにより求めた。なお、全光線透過率は、JIS K7361-1(1997年発行)に準拠した測定を行うことにより求め、ヘイズ(濁度)は、JIS K7136(2000年発行)に準拠した測定を行うことにより求め、色度(YI)はASTM E313-05(2005年発行)に準拠した測定を行うことにより求めた。
実施例3、7及び8、並びに、比較例1、2、5及び6で製造したポリイミド(フィルム形状のポリイミド)から、それぞれ幅:15mm,長さ:80mm大きさに切りだして試料片を作成し、空洞共振器摂動法を採用し、以下のようにして、誘電正接(tanδ)及び比誘電率(εr)の値を測定した。
1000mLのガラス製のオートクレーブ(耐圧ガラス工業製の商品名「ハイパーグラスターTEM-V型」)の容器に、メタノール(410mL)、CuCl2(II)(40.8g、304mmol)、下記一般式(16):
先ず、実施例1で得られた一般式(17)で表されるテトラエステル化合物(5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステル)5gを酢酸72g中に溶解させた溶液を準備し、前記溶液を容量が200mLの還流管付きのフラスコ中に添加した。次いで、前記溶液中に酸触媒(均一系酸触媒)としてトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸(CF3SO3H)0.089gを添加した。なお、このような酸触媒の使用量(前記溶液中への添加量)は、前記一般式(17)で表されるテトラエステル化合物に対する酸触媒中の官能基(スルホン酸)のモル比([テトラエステル化合物のモル量]:[触媒中の官能基(スルホン酸)のモル量)])が、1:0.05となる量(テトラエステル化合物に対する触媒の酸のモル量が0.05モル当量となる量)であった。
〈ポリアミド酸の調製工程〉
窒素雰囲気下において、20mLのスクリュー管内に、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(4,4’-DDE)を0.601g(3.00mmol)導入するとともに、実施例2で得られたテトラカルボン酸二無水物(上記一般式(18)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物)0.9910g(3.00mmol)を導入した。次いで、前記スクリュー管内に、ジメチルアセトアミド(N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド)を6.01g添加し、混合液を得た。次に、得られた混合液を、窒素雰囲気下、室温(25℃)で3時間撹拌することにより、ポリアミド酸を生成せしめ、かかるポリアミド酸を含有する反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)を得た。なお、このようにして得られた反応液[ポリアミド酸の溶液(溶媒:ジメチルアセトアミド)]を利用して、ポリアミド酸の濃度が0.5g/dLとなるジメチルアセトアミド溶液を調製し、ポリアミド酸の固有粘度[η]を測定した結果、固有粘度[η]は0.579dL/gであった。
前記ポリアミド酸の調製工程により得られた前記反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)を、大型スライドグラス(松浪硝子工業株式会社製の商品名「S9213」、縦:76mm、横52mm、厚み1.3mm)上にスピンコートし、ガラス板上に塗膜を形成した。その後、前記塗膜の形成されたガラス板をオーブンに投入し、温度条件を60℃として、窒素雰囲気下において4時間静置した後、温度条件を350℃(最終加熱温度)に変更して1時間静置することにより前記塗膜を硬化せしめ、前記ガラス基板上にポリイミドからなる薄膜(ポリイミドからなるフィルム)がコートされたポリイミドコートガラスを得た。
〈テトラカルボン酸二無水物の準備工程〉
国際公開第2011/099518号の合成例1、実施例1及び実施例2に記載された方法に準拠して、下記一般式(19):
30mlの三口フラスコをヒートガンで加熱して十分に乾燥させた。次に、十分に乾燥させた前記三口フラスコ内の雰囲気ガスを窒素で置換し、前記三口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とした。次いで、前記三口フラスコ内に、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル0.1802g(0.90mmol:4,4’-DDE)を添加した後、更に、ジメチルアセトアミド(N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド)を2.7g添加して、攪拌することにより、前記N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド中に芳香族ジアミン(4,4’-DDE)を溶解させて溶解液を得た。次に、前記溶解液を含有する三口フラスコ内に、窒素雰囲気下、上記一般式(19)で表される化合物を0.3459g(0.90mmol)添加した後、窒素雰囲気下、室温(25℃)で12時間撹拌することにより、ポリアミド酸を含有する反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)を得た。
ガラス基板として大型スライドグラス(松浪硝子工業株式会社製の商品名「S9213」、縦:76mm、横52mm、厚み1.3mm)を準備し、上述のようにして得られた反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)を、前記ガラス基板の表面上に、加熱硬化後の塗膜の厚みが13μmの厚みになるようにスピンコートして、前記ガラス基板上に塗膜を形成した。その後、前記塗膜の形成されたガラス基板を60℃のホットプレート上に載せて2時間静置して、前記塗膜から溶媒を蒸発させて除去した(溶媒除去処理)。
ポリアミド酸の調製工程において、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルの仕込み量を2.0024g(10.0mmol:4,4’-DDE)に変更したこと、ジメチルアセトアミド(N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド)の仕込み量を22.5gに変更したこと、テトラカルボン酸二無水物として、上記一般式(18)で表される化合物を添加する代わりに、東京化成工業株式会社製の1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(CBDA)1.9611g(10.0mmol)を利用したこと、更に、ポリイミドの調製工程(熱イミド化工程)において、塗膜を硬化する際の最終加熱温度の温度条件を350℃から300℃に変更したこと、以外は実施例3と同様にして、ポリイミドからなるフィルム(縦76mm、横52mm、厚み9μmの大きさのフィルム)を得た。
表1に示す結果から、実施例3及び比較例1~2で得られたポリイミドはいずれも十分に光透過性が高いものであることが分かった。また、実施例3及び比較例1で得られたポリイミドはいずれも軟化温度が480℃以上の値となっており、優れた耐熱性を有することが分かった。なお、比較例2で得られたポリイミドは軟化温度が453℃であることから、実施例3及び比較例1で得られたポリイミドは、より優れた耐熱性を有するものであることも分かった。ここで、実施例3で得られたポリイミドと、比較例1~2で得られたポリイミドとを対比すると、実施例3で得られたポリイミドの軟化温度がより高い温度となっていることが確認でき、実施例3で得られるポリイミドによって、軟化温度を基準として、より高い水準の耐熱性が達成できることが分かった。なお、実施例3で得られたポリイミドは、用いたモノマーの種類及びIRスペクトルの結果等から、上記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位(式中のR1、R2、R3がいずれも水素原子であり、かつ、R5が上記一般式(12)で表される基(式中のQが-O-である。)である。)を含むポリイミドであり、比較例1~2で得られたポリイミドとは、テトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する繰り返し単位の構造が異なることが分かった。このような結果から、実施例2で得られたテトラカルボン酸二無水物(一般式(18)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物)を用いて形成されたポリイミド(上記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を含むポリイミド)によって、一般式(19)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物やCBDAを用いて形成されたポリイミドと比較して、より高度な耐熱性が得られることが分かった。
〈ポリアミド酸の調製工程〉
先ず、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(4,4’-DDE)を0.601g(3.00mmol)用いる代わりに、4,4-ジアミノベンズアニリド(DABAN)を0.682g(3.00mmol)用い、かつ、前記混合液を撹拌する際の温度を室温(25℃)から60℃に変更した以外は、実施例3で採用するポリアミド酸の調製工程と同様の工程を採用して、反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)を得た。次に、このようにして得られた反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)に対して、ジメチルアセトアミド(N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド)を6.69g添加して、下記ポリイミドの調製工程(熱イミド化工程)に用いるための塗工液を調製した。
前記反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)の代わりに、4,4-ジアミノベンズアニリド(DABAN)を0.682g(3.00mmol)用いて得られた上記塗工液を用い、更に、ポリイミドの調製工程(熱イミド化工程)において、塗膜を硬化する際の最終加熱温度の温度条件を350℃から360℃に変更した以外は、実施例3と同様にして、ポリイミドからなるフィルム(縦:76mm、横52mm、厚み8μmの大きさのフィルム)を得た。
ポリアミド酸の調製工程において、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルを0.1802g(0.90mmol)用いる代わりに4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリドを0.2045g(0.90mmol:DABAN)用い、更に、ポリイミドの調製工程(熱イミド化工程)において、ポリイミドの調製工程(熱イミド化工程)において、塗膜を硬化する際の最終加熱温度の温度条件を350℃から380℃に変更した以外は、比較例1と同様の方法を採用してポリイミドからなるフィルム(縦76mm、横52mm、厚み13μmの大きさのフィルム)を得た。
表2に示す結果から、実施例4及び比較例3で得られたポリイミドはいずれも十分に光透過性が高いものであることが分かった。また、実施例4及び比較例3で得られたポリイミドはいずれも軟化温度が502℃以上の値となっており、優れた耐熱性を有することが分かった。ここで、実施例4で得られたポリイミドと、比較例3で得られたポリイミドとを対比すると、実施例4で得られたポリイミドの軟化温度がより高い温度となっていることが確認でき、実施例4で得られるポリイミドによって、軟化温度を基準として、より高い水準の耐熱性が達成できることが分かった。なお、実施例4で得られたポリイミドと比較例3で得られたポリイミドとは、製造時に用いるテトラカルボン酸二無水物の種類が異なっており、かかるテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する繰り返し単位の構造部分が異なるものとなる。このような結果から、実施例2で得られたテトラカルボン酸二無水物(一般式(18)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物)を用いて形成されたポリイミド(上記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を含むポリイミド)は、一般式(19)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物を用いて得られるポリイミドと比較して、より高度な耐熱性を有するものであることが分かった。
〈ポリアミド酸の調製工程〉
芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(4,4’-DDE)を0.601g(3.00mmol)用いる代わりに、4,4-ジアミノベンズアニリド(DABAN)0.545g(2.40mmol)及び4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(4,4’-DDE)0.120g(0.60mmol)の混合物(DABANと4,4’-DDEのモル比([DABAN]:[4,4’-DDE])が80:20)を用い、かつ、前記混合液を撹拌する際の温度を室温(25℃)から60℃に変更した以外は、実施例3で採用するポリアミド酸の調製工程と同様の工程を採用して、反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)を得た。
反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)として、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(4,4’-DDE)0.120g(0.60mmol)及び4,4-ジアミノベンズアニリド(DABAN)の混合物を用いて得られた上記ポリアミド酸の溶液を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして、ポリイミドからなるフィルム(縦76mm、横52mm、厚み8μmの大きさのフィルム)を得た。
ポリアミド酸の調製工程において、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルを0.1802g(0.90mmol)用いる代わりに、4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド0.1636g(0.72mol:DABAN)と4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル0.036g(0.18mol:4,4’-DDE)との混合物(DABANと4,4’-DDEのモル比([DABAN]:[4,4’-DDE])が80:20)を用いた以外は、比較例1と同様の方法を採用してポリイミドからなるフィルム(縦76mm、横52mm、厚み13μmの大きさのフィルム)を得た。
表3に示す結果から、実施例5及び比較例4で得られたポリイミドはいずれも十分に光透過性が高いものであることが分かった。また、実施例5及び比較例4で得られたポリイミドはいずれも軟化温度が481℃以上の値となっており、優れた耐熱性を有することが分かった。ここで、実施例5で得られたポリイミドと、比較例4で得られたポリイミドとを対比すると、実施例5で得られたポリイミドの軟化温度がより高い温度となっていることが確認でき、実施例5で得られるポリイミドによって、軟化温度を基準として、より高い水準の耐熱性が達成できることが分かった。なお、実施例5で得られたポリイミドと比較例4で得られたポリイミドとは、製造時に用いるテトラカルボン酸二無水物の種類が異なっており、かかるテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する繰り返し単位の構造部分が異なるものとなる。このような結果から、実施例2で得られたテトラカルボン酸二無水物(一般式(18)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物)を用いて形成されたポリイミド(上記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を含むポリイミド)は、一般式(19)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物を用いて得られるポリイミドと比較して、より高度な耐熱性を有するものであることが分かった。
先ず、実施例1で得られた一般式(17)で表されるテトラエステル化合物(5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステル)5gを酢酸72g中に溶解させた溶液を準備し、該溶液を容量が200mLの還流管付きのフラスコ中に添加した。次いで、前記溶液中に、酸触媒(均一系酸触媒)としてトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸(CF3SO3H)0.09gを添加するとともに無水酢酸((CH3CO)2O)69.0gを添加した。た。なお、このような酸触媒の使用量(前記溶液中への添加量)は、一般式(17)で表されるテトラエステル化合物に対する酸触媒中の官能基(スルホン酸)のモル比([テトラエステル化合物のモル量]:[触媒中の官能基(スルホン酸)のモル量)])が、1:0.05となる量(テトラエステル化合物に対する触媒の酸のモル量が0.05モル当量となる量)であった。
〈ポリアミド酸の調製工程〉
芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(4,4’-DDE)を0.601g(3.00mmol)用いる代わりに、2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン(BAPP)を1.232g(3.00mmol)用い、更に、実施例2で得られたテトラカルボン酸二無水物の代わりに、無水酢酸を用いた製造方法を採用する実施例6で得られたテトラカルボン酸二無水物(上記一般式(18)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物:5,5’-ビ-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸-5,5’,6,6’-二無水物:実施例2で得られた化合物及び実施例6で得られた化合物は製造方法が異なるものの同じ化合物である。)を用いた以外は、実施例3で採用するポリアミド酸の調製工程と同様の工程を採用して、ポリアミド酸の溶液を得た。このようにして得られた反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)に対して、ジメチルアセトアミド(N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド)を8.89g添加して、下記ポリイミドの調製工程(熱イミド化工程)に用いるための塗工液を調製した。
前記反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)の代わりに、2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン(BAPP)を1.232g(3.00mmol)用いて得られた上記塗工液を用い、更に、ポリイミドの調製工程(熱イミド化工程)において、塗膜を硬化する際の最終加熱温度の温度条件を350℃から300℃に変更した以外は、実施例3と同様にして、ポリイミドからなるフィルム(縦:76mm、横52mm、厚み7μmの大きさのフィルム)を得た。
ポリアミド酸の調製工程において、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルを0.1802g(0.90mmol)用いる代わりに2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン(BAPP)を0.3695g(0.90mmol)用いた以外は、比較例1と同様の方法を採用してポリイミドからなるフィルム(縦76mm、横52mm、厚み13μmの大きさのフィルム)を得た。
表4に示す結果から、実施例7及び比較例5で得られたポリイミドはいずれも十分に光透過性が高いものであることが分かった。また、実施例7及び比較例5で得られたポリイミドはいずれも軟化温度が375℃以上となっており、優れた耐熱性を有することが分かった。ここで、実施例7で得られたポリイミドと、比較例5で得られたポリイミドとを対比すると、実施例7で得られたポリイミドの軟化温度がより高い温度となっていることが確認でき、実施例7で得られるポリイミドによって、軟化温度を基準として、より高い水準の耐熱性が達成できることが分かった。なお、実施例7で得られたポリイミドと比較例5で得られたポリイミドとは、製造時に用いるテトラカルボン酸二無水物の種類が異なっており、かかるテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する繰り返し単位の構造部分が異なるものとなる。このような結果から、実施例6で得られたテトラカルボン酸二無水物(一般式(18)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物)を用いて形成されたポリイミド(上記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を含むポリイミド)は、一般式(19)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物を用いて得られるポリイミドと比較して、より高度な耐熱性を有するものであることが分かった。
〈ポリアミド酸の調製工程〉
芳香族ジアミンとして2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン(BAPP)を1.232g(3.00mmol)用いる代わりに、4,4’-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニル(APBP)を1.11g(3.00mmol)用いた以外は、実施例7で採用するポリアミド酸の調製工程と同様の工程を採用して、反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)を得た。なお、このようなポリアミド酸の固有粘度[η]は0.619dL/gであった。
反応液(ポリアミド酸の溶液)として、4,4’-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニル(APBP)を1.11g(3.00mmol)用いて得られた上記ポリアミド酸の溶液を用いた以外は、実施例7と同様にして、ポリイミドからなるフィルム(縦:76mm、横52mm、厚み19μmの大きさのフィルム)を得た。
ポリアミド酸の調製工程において、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルを0.1802g(0.90mmol)用いる代わりに4,4’-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニル(APBP)を0.3316g(0.90mmol)用いた以外は、比較例1と同様の方法を採用してポリイミドからなるフィルム(縦76mm、横52mm、厚み13μmの大きさのフィルム)を得た。
表5に示す結果から、実施例8及び比較例6で得られたポリイミドはいずれも十分に光透過性が高いものであることが分かった。また、実施例8及び比較例6で得られたポリイミドはいずれも軟化温度が474℃以上となっており、優れた耐熱性を有することが分かった。ここで、実施例8で得られたポリイミドと、比較例6で得られたポリイミドとを対比すると、実施例8で得られたポリイミドの軟化温度がより高い温度となっていることが確認でき、実施例8で得られるポリイミドによって、軟化温度を基準として、より高い水準の耐熱性が達成できることが分かった。なお、実施例8で得られたポリイミドと比較例6で得られたポリイミドとは、製造時に用いるテトラカルボン酸二無水物の種類が異なっており、かかるテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する繰り返し単位の構造部分が異なるものとなる。このような結果から、実施例6で得られたテトラカルボン酸二無水物(一般式(18)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物)を用いて形成されたポリイミド(上記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を含むポリイミド)は、一般式(19)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物を用いて得られるポリイミドと比較して、より高度な耐熱性を有するものであることが分かった。
Claims (14)
- 前記一般式(1)中の複数のR1、R2及びR3がいずれも水素原子である、請求項1に記載のテトラカルボン酸二無水物。
- 下記一般式(2):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
複数のR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基及び炭素数7~20のアラルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表される化合物である、カルボニル化合物。 - 前記一般式(2)中の複数のR1、R2及びR3がいずれも水素原子である、請求項3に記載のカルボニル化合物。
- 下記一般式(2):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
複数のR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基及び炭素数7~20のアラルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるカルボニル化合物を、酸触媒を用いて、炭素数1~5のカルボン酸中において加熱することにより、下記一般式(1):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物を得る、テトラカルボン酸二無水物の製造方法。 - 前記加熱の際に、無水酢酸を更に用いる、請求項5に記載のテトラカルボン酸二無水物の製造方法。
- パラジウム触媒及び酸化剤の存在下において、下記一般式(3):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるノルボルネン系化合物をアルコール及び一酸化炭素と反応させて、下記一般式(2):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
複数のR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基及び炭素数7~20のアラルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるカルボニル化合物を得る、カルボニル化合物の製造方法。 - 有機溶媒の存在下、下記一般式(1):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記一般式(6):
で表される芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて、下記一般式(5):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸を得る、ポリアミド酸の製造方法。 - 下記一般式(5):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸をイミド化して、下記一般式(4):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミドを得る、ポリイミドの製造方法。 - 有機溶媒の存在下、下記一般式(1):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記一般式(6):
で表される芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて、下記一般式(5):
R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に水素原子及び炭素数1~10のアルキル基よりなる群から選択される1種を示し、
R5は炭素数6~40のアリーレン基を示す。]
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸を得る工程を含む、請求項11に記載のポリイミドの製造方法。 - 請求項9に記載のポリアミド酸と有機溶媒とを含む、ポリアミド酸溶液。
- 請求項8に記載のポリイミドからなる、フィルム。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN107922367A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
EP3336083A4 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
EP3336083A1 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
TWI718171B (zh) | 2021-02-11 |
JPWO2017030019A1 (ja) | 2018-05-31 |
US20180237638A1 (en) | 2018-08-23 |
EP3336083B1 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
TW201718459A (zh) | 2017-06-01 |
KR20180039683A (ko) | 2018-04-18 |
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