WO2018124167A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018124167A1 WO2018124167A1 PCT/JP2017/046854 JP2017046854W WO2018124167A1 WO 2018124167 A1 WO2018124167 A1 WO 2018124167A1 JP 2017046854 W JP2017046854 W JP 2017046854W WO 2018124167 A1 WO2018124167 A1 WO 2018124167A1
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- ZIFHEQNZFUABBR-YIXHJXPBSA-N COc(cc1)ccc1C(Oc1ccc(/C=C/C(OCCc(c(N)c2)ccc2N)=O)cc1)=O Chemical compound COc(cc1)ccc1C(Oc1ccc(/C=C/C(OCCc(c(N)c2)ccc2N)=O)cc1)=O ZIFHEQNZFUABBR-YIXHJXPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/09—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
- C08J3/091—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids characterised by the chemical constitution of the organic liquid
- C08J3/095—Oxygen containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08J2379/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
Definitions
- the present invention provides a liquid crystal alignment film having excellent rubbing resistance even when using a low-temperature baking process, having a desired voltage holding ratio (VHR), having reliability, a liquid crystal alignment agent for forming the liquid crystal alignment film, and the liquid crystal alignment
- VHR voltage holding ratio
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element including a film.
- liquid crystal alignment film As the liquid crystal alignment film, a so-called polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film, which is obtained by applying and baking a liquid crystal alignment agent mainly composed of a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid (also called polyamic acid) or a soluble polyimide solution, is widely used.
- a liquid crystal alignment agent mainly composed of a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid (also called polyamic acid) or a soluble polyimide solution
- the conventional liquid crystal alignment film can obtain good reliability and rubbing resistance by baking a polyimide precursor at a high temperature of, for example, 200 ° C. or more to obtain a polyimide.
- flexible liquid crystal elements using a PET film or a polycarbonate film as a base material have been studied because of their excellent design properties.
- Patent Document 1 In order to improve the color reproducibility of a liquid crystal display, a method of mixing quantum dots with a color filter has also been proposed (Patent Document 1). On the other hand, quantum dots still have insufficient reliability to heat and light, and there is a problem that it is difficult to raise the firing temperature of the substrate. Therefore, a low-temperature baking process has been studied from the request of heat resistance of a substrate to which a liquid crystal aligning agent is applied and / or prevention of deterioration of the substrate or a member provided on the substrate. In addition, a liquid crystal alignment film material suitable for a low-temperature firing process has been proposed (Patent Document 2).
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained even after undergoing a low-temperature baking process has a desired voltage holding ratio and is a reliable liquid crystal alignment film.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal alignment film that has a liquid crystal alignment film that is excellent in rubbing resistance, has a desired voltage holding ratio, and has reliability even after undergoing a low-temperature baking process.
- the objective of this invention is providing the liquid crystal aligning agent which forms this liquid crystal aligning film, and a liquid crystal display element provided with this liquid crystal aligning film in addition to the said objective.
- the objective of this invention is providing the manufacturing method of the said liquid crystal aligning film in addition to the said objective or the said objective.
- Liquid crystal aligning agent containing the following (A) component; (B) component; and (C) component: (A) component: At least 1 type of polymer chosen from the group which consists of a polyimide precursor and the polyimide obtained by imidation reaction of this polyimide precursor; (B) component: a compound represented by the following formula (N-1); Component (C): At least one specific solvent selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (1) to (8).
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 5 represents a z-valent linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms or a z-valent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- any of a cycloalkane group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, (thio) ether, carbonyl, or tertiary amine between carbon-carbon bonds in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group May be inserted, and this aliphatic hydrocarbon group may have one group selected from epoxy and halogen.
- any of (thio) ether, carbonyl, and tertiary amine may be inserted between carbon-carbon bonds in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and one of the single bonds that do not constitute a ring is It may be replaced with an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- z is an integer of 1 to 6.
- R 11 to R 16 and R 20 to R 21 each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 17 to R 19 each represents an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
- N in the formula (7) represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- a liquid crystal alignment film obtained even after undergoing a low-temperature baking process has excellent rubbing resistance, has a desired voltage holding ratio, and can provide a reliable liquid crystal alignment film.
- the present invention can provide a liquid crystal aligning agent that forms the liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal alignment film.
- a method for producing the liquid crystal alignment film can be provided in addition to or in addition to the above effects.
- the present application provides a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent, and a liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal aligning film.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this application contains (A) component; (B) component; and (C) component.
- ⁇ (A) component >> The component (A) is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor and a polyimide obtained by imidization reaction of the polyimide precursor.
- the polyamic acid according to the present invention can be obtained by reacting a diamine compound with tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- the diamine used for the polymerization of the polyamic acid of the present invention can be generalized by the following formula (1).
- a 1 and A 2 in the above formula (1) are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms
- Y 1 is a divalent organic group.
- a 1 and A 2 are preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- a diamine of the following formula (DA-1) may be used.
- Y d is preferably a divalent organic group represented by the following formulas (Y-1) to (Y-171).
- X 1 is a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom or —NH—
- R 8 and R 9 are each independently a divalent organic group, and at least one of R 8 and R 9 is One has an aromatic ring, and at least one bond in “—CO—X 1 —” is bonded to the aromatic ring, preferably described in paragraphs [0047] to [0048] of JP-A-2015-135464.
- R 1 and R 2 are each an ethylene group, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —N (CH 3 ) CO—.
- n is an integer of 1 to 6.
- Y-1 to Y-6, Y-8, Y-9, Y-14 to Y are used from the viewpoint of solubility of a polyimide precursor or a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor in a solvent.
- Y-20, Y-26 to Y-28, Y-32, Y-38 to Y-42, Y-49 to Y-60, Y-64 to Y-69, Y-72, Y-77 Y-84, Y-86, Y-156, Y-160 to Y-163, Y-165 are preferred, Y-8, Y-9, Y-14, Y-16, Y-17, Y-20 Y-26 to 28, Y-32, Y-38, Y-68, Y-72, Y-77, Y-84, Y-160, Y-161, Y-165 are more preferable.
- One preferred embodiment of the diamine that can be used in the present invention is a diamine having an alkyl group or fluorine-containing alkyl group in the side chain represented by the following formulas [Sd-1] to [Sd-4]. .
- each A 1 independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the diamine is preferable in terms of accelerating the curing rate of the liquid crystal alignment film, and more preferably used in combination with a diamine that imparts vertical alignment described later. These diamines are preferably at least 10 mol%, more preferably at least 20 mol%, based on the total diamine component used in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- diamine that can be used in the present invention is represented by the following formulas [2a-1] to [2a-9] (n is each independently an integer of 2 to 12). Diamines.
- Another preferred embodiment of the diamine that can be used in the present invention includes a diamine having a heterocyclic ring represented by the following formula (bs).
- X 1 is at least one divalent organic group selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NQ 1 —, —CONQ 1 —, —NQ 1 CO—, —CH 2 O—, and —OCO—
- Q 1 is A hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- X 2 represents a single bond or at least one divalent organic group selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group, and an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- X 3 is a single bond, or —O—, —NQ 2 —, —CONQ 2 —, —NQ 2 CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, and —O (CH 2 ) m— (m is an integer of 1 to 5)
- Q2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- X 4 is a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle
- n is an integer of 1 to 4, preferably a combination described in Tables 1 to 3 in paragraphs [0036] to [0038] of International Publication No. WO2009 / 093707 It is.
- Another preferred embodiment of the diamine that can be used in the present invention includes a diamine having a photoreactive group represented by the following formula (PV-0).
- X 2 represents a substituent, and is a group having a structure represented by the following formula (2A) or the following formula (2B).
- R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (however, any hydrogen atom may be substituted with a fluorine atom), or Represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (wherein any hydrogen atom may be substituted with a fluorine atom).
- a and B each independently represent a single bond or any one of the ring structures represented by the following formulae. However, any hydrogen atom in the ring structure may be substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- T 1 to T 4 each independently represents a single bond, an ether, an ester, an amide or a ketone bond.
- S represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- diamines that can be used in the present invention are represented by the formulas [2-1] to [2-31] described in paragraphs [0033] to [0042] of International Publication WO2013 / 125595.
- the diamines shown can be exemplified, and these diamines are preferably 5 mol% or more, more preferably 10 mol% or more, and more preferably 20 mol% or more with respect to the entire diamine component. preferable. From the viewpoint of increasing the curing rate, 90 mol% or less is preferable, and 80 mol% or less is more preferable. More preferred diamines are at least one selected from the following formulas [2a-24] to [2a-33].
- R 1 s when they are ortho to one of the amino groups, R 1 s independently represent —O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COOCH 2 —. And at least one linking group selected from —CH 2 OCO—, and when in the meta position with respect to two amino groups, R 1 represents —CONH—, —NHCO, in addition to the linking group shown above. Represents at least one linking group selected from — and —CH 2 —, wherein each R 2 independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or a straight chain having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- Cy represents a chain or branched alkoxy group, and Cy is a group selected from a 4,4′-biphenyldiyl group, a 4,4′-phenylcyclohexyl group, and a 4,4′-dicyclohexyl group.
- R 3 represents —O— or —CH 2 O—
- Cy2 has the same meaning as Cy
- each R 7 independently represents a linear or branched group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene indicates the trans isomer.
- 4- (2- (methylamino) ethyl) aniline or a diamine described in JP 2010-97188 A can be used.
- the photoreactive diamines the following compounds are preferable from the viewpoint of photoreactivity and the like.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 18.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, and aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides. Specific examples of these include the following groups [1] to [5].
- R 3 to R 23 are each Independently, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or a monovalent having 1 to 6 carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom
- R M represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Xa is a tetravalent organic group represented by the following formulas (Xa-1) to (
- aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides for example, pyromellitic anhydride, 4,4 ′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic Acid dianhydrides, acid dianhydrides represented by the following formulas (Xb-1) to (Xb-10); and
- the said tetracarboxylic dianhydride can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- acid dianhydrides X1-1 to X1-3, X1-5 to X1-12, Xa-, from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent of a polyimide precursor or a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor.
- Xa-3, Xb-13, X6 to X8, Xb-1, Xb-7 to Xb-9, Xb-13, X1-44, X1-47 to X1-52 are preferred, or X1-1 to X1-3, X1-5 to X1-12, Xa-1 to Xa-3, Xb-7 to Xb-9, X1-44, and X1-49 are more preferable.
- the polyamic acid used in the present invention can be synthesized by a known method (for example, see International Publication WO2014 / 034792).
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of the solubility of the monomer and polymer. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It may be used.
- the concentration of the polymer is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is difficult to occur and a high molecular weight body is easily obtained.
- polyamic acid ester The polyamic acid ester used in the present invention can be obtained as follows.
- the polyamic acid ester used in the present invention is (1) synthesized from a polyamic acid, (2) synthesized a polyamic acid ester from a tetracarboxylic acid diester and a diamine, or (3) a tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and a diamine.
- synthesis by reaction it can be synthesized by any known method (for example, see International Publication WO2014 / 034792).
- Examples of the tetracarboxylic acid diester include the following reaction formula (wherein R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and A is a tetravalent organic group derived from the tetracarboxylic dianhydride).
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- A is a tetravalent organic group derived from the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- the compound represented by [5-p-1] is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining a high molecular weight and low-dispersion polyamic acid ester.
- the tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride can be produced, for example, by a known method of chlorinating the tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester (see, for example, International Publication WO2010 / 092989).
- tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride is represented by the formula [5-Cl] (in the above formula (5-Cl), A is the same as A in the above formula (5). Is preferred).
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone from the viewpoint of solubility of the polyamic acid ester, and these may be used alone or in combination.
- the polymer concentration at the time of synthesis is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is difficult to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- the polyimide used in the present invention can be obtained by a known method (for example, see International Publication WO2013 / 125595).
- the polyimide may be a complete imidized product obtained by dehydrating and ring-closing all of the amic acid structure that the polyamic acid had or the amic acid ester structure that the polyamic acid ester had, and it may have an amic acid or amic acid ester structure. It may be a partially imidized product in which only a part is dehydrated and closed and an amic acid structure or an amic acid ester structure and an imide ring structure coexist.
- the polyimide to be used preferably has an imidization ratio of 20% or more, and is preferably 90% or less, and more preferably 60% or less, from the viewpoint of ensuring solubility in a solvent.
- This imidation ratio represents the ratio of the number of imide ring structures to the total of the number of amic acid structures or amic acid ester structures of polyimide and the number of imide ring structures, expressed as a percentage.
- a part of the imide ring may be an isoimide ring.
- the component (A) may be at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyamic acid, and polyamic acid ester.
- the component (A) comprises at least one tetracarboxylic acid derivative selected from the group consisting of tetracarboxylic dianhydride, tetracarboxylic diester and tetracarboxylic diester dichloride, and a diamine. It is a polymer obtained by making these react.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, tetracarboxylic diester and tetracarboxylic diester dichloride are preferably the aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, aromatic tetracarboxylic It is preferable to include at least one structure selected from the group consisting of acid dianhydrides and their tetracarboxylic acid diesters and tetracarboxylic acid diester dichlorides.
- the amount of these preferred compounds (T) used (the total amount when two or more are used) is 10 mol% with respect to the total amount of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and its derivative used for the synthesis of polyamic acid.
- the content is 20 mol% or more, and more preferably 30 mol% or more.
- the molecular weight of the polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester and polyimide described in the present invention is preferably 2,000 to 500,000 in weight average molecular weight, more preferably 5,000 to 300,000, still more preferably 10, 000 to 100,000.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 250,000, more preferably 2,500 to 150,000, and still more preferably 5,000 to 50,000.
- the component (A) may be 1 to 15% by weight, preferably 1 to 8% by weight, more preferably 1.5 to 7% by weight when the total amount of the liquid crystal aligning agent is 100% by weight.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this application contains (B) component.
- Component (B) is a compound represented by the following formula (N-1).
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkylene group and / or the cycloalkylene group may have at least one group selected from the group consisting of ethers and tertiary amines.
- the alkylene group may be a saturated or unsaturated alkylene group.
- R 1 and R 2 may be a linear alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a saturated linear alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may have at least one group selected from the group consisting of ethers and tertiary amines.
- the alkyl group may be a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group.
- R 3 and R 4 may be a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 5 represents a z-valent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms or a z-valent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms. Any of a cycloalkane group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, (thio) ether, carbonyl, or tertiary amine between carbon-carbon bonds in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group May be inserted, and this aliphatic hydrocarbon group may have one group selected from epoxy and halogen.
- Any of (thio) ether, carbonyl, and tertiary amine may be inserted between the carbon-carbon bonds in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and one of the single bonds that do not constitute a ring is the number of carbon atoms. May be substituted with 1 to 12 alkylene groups; z is an integer of 1 to 6.
- Examples of the cycloalkane group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms of R 5 include groups in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from any of cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, norbornane, and adamantane.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms of R 5 include groups in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from any one of benzene, biphenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, naphthalene, furan, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole and furan. be able to.
- Examples of the alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms of R 5 include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group, a nonylene group, a decylene group, an undecylene group, a dodecylene group, and a vinylene group.
- R 5 When z is 1 and R 5 is a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R 5 may be an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, and And alkynyl groups having 2 to 24 carbon atoms. z is equal to or greater than 2, when R 5 is a divalent or more aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, as R 5, z aliphatic hydrocarbon group of the monovalent carbon atoms 1-24 -1 hydrogen atoms are removed to form a bond.
- R 5 is a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, as R 5, a cycloalkyl group, a decahydronaphthyl group, a monovalent group such as an adamantyl group Can be mentioned.
- R 5 is z-1 from the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms. The hydrogen atom is removed to form a bond.
- an epoxy compound having a structure represented by the following formulas (N-2-1) to (N-2-4) is preferable.
- each X independently represents a single bond, a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, or a hexamethylene group.
- Y represents a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, a vinylene group, an oxy group, or a thio group.
- Z represents a cyclopentanediyl group, a cyclohexanediyl group, or a norbornanediyl group.
- the component (B) is 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight, more preferably 2 to 15% by weight, and still more preferably 2% with respect to 100% by weight of the component (A). It should be ⁇ 10% by weight.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present application contains at least one specific solvent selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (1) to (8) as the component (C).
- R 11 to R 16 and R 20 to R 21 each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 17 to R 19 each represents an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
- N in the formula (7) represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- the amount of the component (C) is 70% by weight or more, preferably 70 to 100% by weight, more preferably 80 to 100% by weight.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present application may optionally contain components other than the components (A) to (C) described above.
- a-22, a-13 to a-21, a-24, a-26, a-27, a-31, a-34, a-37, a-38 are preferred, and a-22 and a-37 are more preferred.
- Examples of components other than the components (A) to (C) include crosslinkable compounds.
- the crosslinkable compound has, for example, at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a crosslinkable compound having an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an oxetane group or a cyclocarbonate group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, and a lower alkoxyalkyl group.
- a crosslinkable compound or a crosslinkable compound having a polymerizable unsaturated bond can be included, but is not limited thereto. In addition, it is good to have 2 or more of these substituents and polymerizable unsaturated bonds in the crosslinkable compound.
- crosslinkable compound having an epoxy group or an isocyanate group examples include bisphenolacetone glycidyl ether, phenol novolac epoxy resin, cresol novolac epoxy resin, triglycidyl isocyanurate, tetraglycidylaminodiphenylene, tetraphenylglycidyl ether ethane, and triphenylglycidyl.
- the crosslinkable compound having an oxetane group is a compound having at least two oxetane groups represented by the following formula [4A].
- crosslinkable compounds represented by the formulas [4a] to [4k] published on pages 58 to 59 of International Publication No. WO2011 / 132751 (published 2011.10.27).
- the crosslinkable compound having a cyclocarbonate group is a crosslinkable compound having at least two cyclocarbonate groups represented by the following formula [5A].
- Examples of the crosslinkable compound having at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group and an alkoxyl group include an amino resin having a hydroxyl group or an alkoxyl group, such as a melamine resin, a urea resin, a guanamine resin, and a glycoluril.
- a melamine derivative, a benzoguanamine derivative, or glycoluril in which a hydrogen atom of an amino group is substituted with a methylol group, an alkoxymethyl group, or both can be used.
- the melamine derivative or benzoguanamine derivative can exist as a dimer or a trimer. These preferably have an average of 3 to 6 methylol
- Examples of the melamine derivative or benzoguanamine derivative include MX-750, which has an average of 3.7 substituted methoxymethyl groups per triazine ring, and an average of 5.8 methoxymethyl groups per triazine ring.
- MX-750 which has an average of 3.7 substituted methoxymethyl groups per triazine ring, and an average of 5.8 methoxymethyl groups per triazine ring.
- MW-30 manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Methoxymethylated ethoxyme Benzomethylamine methoxymethyl butoxymethylated benzoguanamine such as Cymel 1123-10, butoxymethylated benzoguanamine such as Cymel 1128, carboxymethyl-containing methoxymethylated ethoxymethylated benzoguanamine such as Cymel 1125-80 Cyanamide).
- glycoluril include butoxymethylated glycoluril such as Cymel 1170, methylolated glycoluril such as Cymel 1172, and methoxymethylolated glycoluril such as Powderlink 1174.
- Examples of the benzene or phenolic compound having a hydroxyl group or an alkoxyl group include 1,3,5-tris (methoxymethyl) benzene, 1,2,4-tris (isopropoxymethyl) benzene, 1,4-bis ( sec-butoxymethyl) benzene or 2,6-dihydroxymethyl-p-tert-butylphenol. More specifically, the crosslinkable compounds of the formulas [6-1] to [6-48] described on pages 62 to 66 of International Publication No. WO2011 / 132751 (published 2011.10.27) can be mentioned. It is done.
- crosslinkable compound having a polymerizable unsaturated bond examples include trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, and tri (meth) acryloyloxyethoxytrimethylol.
- Crosslinkable compounds having three polymerizable unsaturated groups in the molecule such as propane or glycerin polyglycidyl ether poly (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (Meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, butylene glycol Rudi (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, ethylene oxide bisphenol A type di (meth) acrylate, propylene oxide bisphenol type di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, glycerin Di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol di (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol diglycidyl
- E 1 represents a group selected from the group consisting of a cyclohexane ring, a bicyclohexane ring, a benzene ring, a biphenyl ring, a terphenyl ring, a naphthalene ring, a fluorene ring, an anthracene ring or a phenanthrene ring
- E 2 Represents a group selected from the following formula [7a] or [7b], and n represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- crosslinkable compound used for the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention may be 1 type, or may combine 2 or more types.
- the content of the crosslinkable compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all polymer components.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component. More preferred is 1 to 50 parts by mass.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can use a compound that improves the uniformity of the film thickness and surface smoothness of the liquid crystal aligning film when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied.
- the compound that improves the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness of the liquid crystal alignment film include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. Specific examples of these include surfactants described in paragraph [0117] of International Publication No. WO2016 / 047771.
- F-top EF301, EF303, EF352 (above, manufactured by Tochem Products), MegaFuck F171, F173, R-30 (above, manufactured by Dainippon Ink), Florard FC430, FC431 (or more) And Asahi Guard AG710, Surflon S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (above, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.).
- the amount of the surfactant used is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent is disclosed in International Publication No. WO2011 / 132751 (published 2011.10.27) on pages 69 to 73 as a compound that promotes charge transfer in the liquid crystal alignment film and promotes charge release of the device.
- Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic amine compounds represented by the formulas [M1] to [M156] can also be added.
- the amine compound may be added directly to the liquid crystal aligning agent, but it is preferable to add the amine compound after forming a solution having a concentration of 0.1 to 10% by mass, preferably 1 to 7% by mass.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as the specific polymer (A) is dissolved.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention includes, in addition to the above-mentioned poor solvent, crosslinkable compound, resin film or compound that improves the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness of the liquid crystal aligning film, and a compound that promotes charge removal.
- a polymer other than the polymer described in the present invention, a silane coupling agent for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the alignment film and the substrate, and further when firing the coating film An imidization accelerator for the purpose of efficiently progressing imidization by heating of the polyimide precursor may be added to.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present application has a form of a solution containing the above-mentioned components (A) to (C).
- the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention has a form of a solution in which a polymer having a specific structure is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the concentration of the polymer of the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed, but it is 1% by weight or more from the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film. It is preferable to be 10% by weight or less from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this application changes suitably solid content concentration (ratio which the total weight of components other than (C) component of a liquid crystal aligning agent accounts to the total weight of a liquid crystal aligning agent) by the setting of the thickness of the coating film to form.
- solid content concentration ratio which the total weight of components other than (C) component of a liquid crystal aligning agent accounts to the total weight of a liquid crystal aligning agent
- it is preferably 1% by weight or more from the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, and preferably 10% by weight or less from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution.
- the particularly preferable solid content concentration range varies depending on the method of applying the liquid crystal aligning agent to the substrate.
- the polymer concentration is particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 to 4.5% by weight.
- the solid content concentration is in the range of 3 to 9% by weight, and thereby the solution viscosity is in the range of 12 to 50 mPa ⁇ s.
- the solid content concentration is particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5% by weight, and thereby the solution viscosity is preferably in the range of 3 to 15 mPa ⁇ s.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor and polyimide that are the component (A) of the present application is preferably 2,000 to 500,000, more preferably 5,000 to 300,000, and still more preferably, in terms of weight average molecular weight. It should be 10,000 to 100,000.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 250,000, more preferably 2,500 to 150,000, and still more preferably 5,000 to 50,000. .
- liquid crystal alignment film formed using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention.
- the step of applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention onto a substrate to form a coating film, and the coating film is not in contact with the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal layer there is provided a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film, comprising a step of irradiating the coating film with light in contact.
- liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal alignment film according to the present invention or the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the production method of the present invention. Details are shown below.
- the liquid crystal display element which concerns on this invention comprises the liquid crystal aligning film formed using the said liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the operation mode of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a TN (Twisted Nematic) type, STN type, vertical alignment type (including VA-MVA type, VA-PVA type, etc.), in-plane switching type. (IPS type), FFS (Fringe Field Switching) type, optical compensation bend type (OCB type), etc., can be applied.
- the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention can be manufactured, for example, by steps including the following steps (1-1) to (1-3).
- step (1-1) the substrate to be used varies depending on the desired operation mode.
- step (1-2) and step (1-3) are common to each operation mode.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is apply
- (1-1A) For example, when manufacturing a TN type, STN type, or VA type liquid crystal display element, first, a pair of two substrates provided with a patterned transparent conductive film is formed, and each transparent conductive film is formed. On the surface, the liquid crystal aligning agent prepared above is preferably applied by an offset printing method, a spin coating method, a roll coater method or an ink jet printing method.
- the substrate for example, glass such as float glass or soda glass; a transparent substrate made of plastic such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, poly (cycloaliphatic olefin) can be used.
- a transparent conductive film provided on one surface of the substrate, a NESA film (registered trademark of US PPG) made of tin oxide (SnO 2 ), an ITO film made of indium oxide-tin oxide (In 2 O 3 -SnO 2 ), etc. Can be used.
- a method of forming a pattern by photo-etching a method of using a mask having a desired pattern when forming a transparent conductive film; And so on.
- a functional silane compound or a functional titanium compound is formed on the surface of the substrate surface on which the coating film is formed. It is also possible to perform a pretreatment to apply the above in advance.
- preheating is preferably performed for the purpose of preventing dripping of the applied liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the prebake temperature is preferably 30 to 200 ° C., more preferably 40 to 150 ° C., and particularly preferably 40 to 100 ° C.
- the prebake time is preferably 0.25 to 10 minutes, more preferably 0.5 to 5 minutes.
- a baking (post-baking) process is implemented for the purpose of removing a solvent completely and heat imidating the amic acid structure which exists in a polymer as needed.
- the firing temperature (post-bake temperature) at this time is preferably 80 to 300 ° C., more preferably 120 to 250 ° C.
- the post-bake time is preferably 5 to 200 minutes, more preferably 10 to 100 minutes.
- the thickness of the film thus formed is preferably 0.001 to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.005 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- an electrode forming surface of a substrate provided with an electrode made of a transparent conductive film or a metal film patterned in a comb shape, and an electrode are provided.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent is apply
- the coating method, the heating conditions after coating, the patterning method for the transparent conductive film or the metal film, the pretreatment of the substrate, and the preferred film thickness of the coating film to be formed The same as (1-1A).
- the metal film for example, a film made of a metal such as chromium can be used.
- a treatment for imparting liquid crystal alignment ability to the coating film formed in the step (1-1) is performed.
- the orientation ability of a liquid crystal molecule is provided to a coating film, and it becomes a liquid crystal aligning film.
- the alignment ability imparting treatment include a rubbing treatment in which a coating film is rubbed in a fixed direction with a roll wound with a cloth made of fibers such as nylon, rayon, and cotton, and photo-alignment in which the coating film is irradiated with polarized or non-polarized radiation. Processing.
- the coating film formed in the above step (1-1) can be used as it is as a liquid crystal alignment film. May be.
- ultraviolet rays and visible rays including light having a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm can be used as the radiation applied to the coating film.
- the radiation When the radiation is polarized light, it may be linearly polarized light or partially polarized light.
- irradiation may be performed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, an oblique direction, or a combination thereof.
- the direction of irradiation is an oblique direction.
- a light source to be used for example, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a deuterium lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon resonance lamp, a xenon lamp, an excimer laser, or the like can be used.
- Ultraviolet rays in a preferable wavelength region can be obtained by means of using a light source in combination with, for example, a filter or a diffraction grating.
- the irradiation dose is preferably 10 to 5,000 mJ / cm 2, more preferably 30 to 2,000 mJ / cm 2.
- the temperature at the time of heating is usually 30 to 250 ° C, preferably 40 to 200 ° C, more preferably 50 to 150 ° C.
- the light irradiation film obtained in the above step can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film as it is. Also good.
- the firing temperature at this time is preferably 80 to 300 ° C, more preferably 120 to 250 ° C.
- the firing time is preferably 5 to 200 minutes, more preferably 10 to 100 minutes.
- the photo-alignment process here corresponds to a light irradiation process in a state where it is not in contact with the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal alignment film after the rubbing treatment is further subjected to a process for changing the pretilt angle of a part of the liquid crystal alignment film by irradiating a part of the liquid crystal alignment film with ultraviolet rays or a surface of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- a resist film is formed on the part, and a rubbing process is performed in a direction different from the previous rubbing process, followed by a process of removing the resist film, so that the liquid crystal alignment film has different liquid crystal alignment capabilities for each region. .
- a liquid crystal alignment film suitable for a VA liquid crystal display element can also be suitably used for a PSA (Polymer Sustained Alignment) type liquid crystal display element.
- Step (1-3): Construction of liquid crystal cell (1-3A) Two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed as described above are prepared, and a liquid crystal cell is manufactured by disposing a liquid crystal between the two substrates facing each other.
- the first method is a conventionally known method. First, two substrates are arranged opposite to each other through a gap (cell gap) so that the respective liquid crystal alignment films are opposed to each other, and the peripheral portions of the two substrates are bonded together using a sealant, and the substrate surface and the sealant are bonded.
- a liquid crystal cell is manufactured by injecting and filling the liquid crystal into the cell gap partitioned by the step of sealing the injection hole.
- the second method is a method called an ODF (One Drop Fill) method.
- ODF One Drop Fill
- an ultraviolet light curable sealant is applied to a predetermined location on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and liquid crystal is dropped at predetermined locations on the liquid crystal alignment film surface.
- the other substrate is bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other and the liquid crystal is spread over the entire surface of the substrate, and then the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet light to cure the sealant, thereby manufacturing a liquid crystal cell.
- the liquid crystal cell produced as described above is further heated to a temperature at which the liquid crystal used takes an isotropic phase and then gradually cooled to room temperature. It is desirable to remove.
- an epoxy resin containing a curing agent and aluminum oxide spheres as a spacer can be used.
- the liquid crystal include nematic liquid crystal and smectic liquid crystal. Among them, nematic liquid crystal is preferable.
- Cyclohexane liquid crystals, pyrimidine liquid crystals, dioxane liquid crystals, bicyclooctane liquid crystals, cubane liquid crystals, and the like can be used.
- cholesteric liquid crystals such as cholestyl chloride, cholesteryl nonate and cholesteryl carbonate; chiral agents such as those sold under the trade names “C-15” and “CB-15” (manufactured by Merck)
- a ferroelectric liquid crystal such as p-decyloxybenzylidene-p-amino-2-methylbutylcinnamate may be added and used.
- the liquid crystal can also contain additional anisotropic dyes.
- the term “dye” can mean a substance capable of intensively absorbing or deforming light in the visible light region, for example, at least partly or entirely within the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm.
- isotropic dye may mean a substance capable of anisotropic absorption of light in at least a part or the entire range of the visible light region.
- the color sensation of the liquid crystal cell can be adjusted through the use of the dye as described above.
- the kind of the anisotropic dye is not particularly limited, and for example, a black dye or a color dye can be used.
- the ratio of the anisotropic dye to the liquid crystal is appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the intended physical properties.
- the ratio of the anisotropic dye is 0.01 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the liquid crystal compound. However, the above ratio can be changed to an appropriate range if necessary.
- a liquid crystal cell is constructed in the same manner as in (1-3A) except that a photopolymerizable compound is injected or dropped together with liquid crystal. Thereafter, the liquid crystal cell is irradiated with light while a voltage is applied between the conductive films of the pair of substrates.
- the voltage applied here can be, for example, 5 to 50 V direct current or alternating current.
- the light to be irradiated for example, ultraviolet rays including visible light having a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm and visible light can be used, but ultraviolet rays including light having a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm are preferable.
- a light source of irradiation light for example, a low pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a deuterium lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon resonance lamp, a xenon lamp, an excimer laser, or the like can be used.
- the ultraviolet rays in the above preferable wavelength region can be obtained by means of using a light source in combination with, for example, a filter diffraction grating.
- the irradiation dose of light preferably less than 100 mJ / cm 2 or more 20,000mJ / cm 2, more preferably 100 ⁇ 10,000mJ / cm 2.
- a liquid crystal cell is prepared in the same manner as (1-3A) above. Then, a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element may be adopted by performing a step of irradiating light to the liquid crystal cell in a state where a voltage is applied between the conductive films of the pair of substrates. According to this method, the PSA mode can be realized with a small amount of light irradiation.
- the light irradiation to the liquid crystal cell may be performed in a state where the liquid crystal is driven by applying a voltage, or may be performed in a state where a low voltage is applied so as not to drive the liquid crystal.
- the applied voltage can be, for example, 0.1 to 30 V direct current or alternating current.
- the description of (1-3B) above can be applied to the conditions of light to be irradiated.
- the light irradiation process here corresponds to a light irradiation process in a state of contact with the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention can be obtained by attaching a polarizing plate to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell.
- a polarizing plate to be bonded to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell a polarizing film or an H film itself in which a polarizing film called an “H film” in which iodine is absorbed while stretching and aligning polyvinyl alcohol is sandwiched between cellulose acetate protective films
- the polarizing plate which consists of can be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal display device can be effectively applied to various devices, such as watches, portable games, word processors, notebook computers, car navigation systems, camcorders, PDAs, digital cameras, mobile phones, smartphones. It can be used in various display devices such as various monitors, liquid crystal televisions, and information displays.
- various display devices such as various monitors, liquid crystal televisions, and information displays.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal aligning film excellent in the uniformity of the film thickness within the coating surface and the linearity and dimensional stability of the coating peripheral portion. Further, by using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, the voltage holding ratio becomes a desired value, and a liquid crystal alignment film having excellent rubbing resistance and reliability can be obtained.
- ⁇ Diamine compound> p-PDA p-phenylenediamine
- DBA 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid
- PCH7 1,3-diamino-4- [4- (trans-4-n-heptylcyclohexyl) phenoxy] benzene
- APC12 1,3-diamino -4- (dodecanoxy) benzene
- PBCH5 1,3-diamino-4- ⁇ 4- [trans-4- (trans-4-n-pentylcyclohexyl) cyclohexyl] phenoxy ⁇ benzene
- DA-3 2,2-bis [ 4- (4-Aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- GBL ⁇ -butyllactone
- BCS Butyl cellosolve
- CHN Cyclohexanone
- CPN Cyclopentanone
- PGME Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- EC Ethyl carbitol
- DME Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether
- the molecular weight of the polymer in the synthesis example was measured as follows using a room temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) apparatus (SSC-7200, Shodex column (KD-803, KD-805) manufactured by Senshu Scientific.
- GPC room temperature gel permeation chromatography
- the molecular weight of the polyimide in the synthesis example is as follows using a normal temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) apparatus (GPC-101) (manufactured by Showa Denko) and a column (KD-803, KD-805) (manufactured by Shodex). Measured.
- GPC normal temperature gel permeation chromatography
- the imidation ratio of polyimide in the synthesis example was measured as follows. Polyimide powder (20 mg) was put into an NMR sample tube (NMR sampling tube standard ⁇ 5 (manufactured by Kusano Kagaku)) and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6, 0.05% TMS (tetramethylsilane) mixed product) (0. 53 ml) was added and completely dissolved by sonication. This solution was measured for proton NMR at 500 MHz with an NMR measuring instrument (JNW-ECA500) (manufactured by JEOL Datum).
- This deposit was wash
- the imidation ratio of this polyimide was 51%, the number average molecular weight was 16,100, and the weight average molecular weight was 37,200.
- Example 5 GBL (6.3 g) and PGME (17.3 g) were added to 1 g of the polyimide powder (A) obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C. for 15 hours to obtain a polyimide solution. No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this polyimide solution, and it was confirmed that the polyimide solution was a uniform solution. Next, a 10 wt% PGME solution (0.5 g) of TETRAD-C was added to this polyimide solution and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (5).
- Examples 6 to 8 GBL (6.3 g), PGME (12.5 g), and 1 g of each of the polyimide powders (A), (B), and (C) obtained in Synthesis Example 1, Synthesis Example 2, and Synthesis Example 3, and DME (5.0 g) was added and stirred at 70 ° C. for 15 hours to obtain a polyimide solution.
- any of the polyimide solutions no abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed, and it was confirmed that the solution was uniform.
- a 10 wt% PGME solution (0.3 g) of TETRAD-C was added to these polyimide solutions and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain liquid crystal aligning agents (6) to (8).
- PGME (18.9g) and EC (5.0g) were added to 1g of polyimide powder (A) obtained by the synthesis example 1, and the polyimide solution was obtained by stirring at 70 degreeC for 15 hours. No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this polyimide solution, and it was confirmed that the polyimide solution was a uniform solution.
- a 10 wt% PGME solution (0.3 g) of TETRAD-C was added to these polyimide solutions and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (9).
- Example 14 To 10 g of the polyamic acid solution (D) obtained in Synthesis Example 4, CHN (7.5 g), PGME (20.6 g), and a 10 wt% PGME solution (0.75 g) of TETRAD-C were added, and at room temperature.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent (14) was obtained by stirring for 30 minutes. No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this polyimide solution, and it was confirmed that the polyimide solution was a uniform solution.
- the solvent drying rate was evaluated, the rubbing resistance was evaluated, the liquid crystal display device was produced, and the liquid crystal alignment was evaluated.
- Example 15 To 10 g of the polyamic acid solution (D) obtained in Synthesis Example 4, CPN (7.5 g), PGME (20.6 g), and a 10 wt% PGME solution (0.75 g) of TETRAD-C were added, and at room temperature. The liquid crystal aligning agent (15) was obtained by stirring for 30 minutes. No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this polyimide solution, and it was confirmed that the polyimide solution was a uniform solution.
- Example 16 To 10 g of the polyamic acid solution (F) obtained in Synthesis Example 6, BCS (7.5 g), PGME (20.6 g), and a 10 wt% PGME solution (0.75 g) of TETRAD-C were added, and at room temperature. The liquid crystal aligning agent (16) was obtained by stirring for 30 minutes. No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this polyimide solution, and it was confirmed that the polyimide solution was a uniform solution.
- Example 17 To 10 g of the polyamic acid solution (D) obtained in Synthesis Example 4, BCS (7.5 g), PGME (20.6 g), and a 10 wt% PGME solution (0.75 g) of TETRAD-C were added, and at room temperature. The liquid crystal aligning agent (16) was obtained by stirring for 30 minutes. No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this polyimide solution, and it was confirmed that the polyimide solution was a uniform solution.
- NMP (16.2 g) and BCS (7.5 g) were added to 1 g of the polyimide powder (A) obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and a polyimide solution was obtained by stirring at 70 ° C. for 15 hours. No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this polyimide solution, and it was confirmed that the polyimide solution was a uniform solution.
- a 10 wt% NMP solution (0.3 g) of TMBIP was added to these polyimide solutions and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (18).
- NMP (16.2 g) and BCS (7.5 g) were added to 1 g of the polyimide powder (A) obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and a polyimide solution was obtained by stirring at 70 ° C. for 15 hours. No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this polyimide solution, and it was confirmed that the polyimide solution was a uniform solution.
- a 10 wt% NMP solution (0.3 g) of GT401 was added to these polyimide solutions, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (19).
- NMP (16.2 g) and BCS (7.5 g) were added to 1 g of the polyimide powder (A) obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and a polyimide solution was obtained by stirring at 70 ° C. for 15 hours. No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this polyimide solution, and it was confirmed that the polyimide solution was a uniform solution.
- a 10 wt% NMP solution (0.5 g) of TMBIP and a 10 wt% NMP solution (0.3 g) of PTSA are added to these polyimide solutions, and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (21). It was.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention obtained in Examples (1) to (17) and Comparative Examples (1) to (5) was spin coated on a glass substrate with a transparent electrode, and the solvent was used for 120 seconds on a hot plate at 50 ° C. After drying, baking was performed on a hot plate at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to form a coating film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- This coating film surface was rubbed with a rubbing apparatus having a roll diameter of 120 mm using a rayon cloth under the conditions of a roll rotation speed of 1000 rpm, a roll traveling speed of 50 mm / sec, and an indentation amount of 0.3 mm to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film in the vicinity of the center of the substrate was randomly observed with a laser microscope set at a magnification of 100 times, and the rubbing scratches and rubbing residue (about the observation visual field of about 6.5 mm square) The rubbing resistance was evaluated from the average value of the amount of deposits).
- the results are summarized in Table 1.
- the evaluation criteria were determined as follows. Evaluation criteria ⁇ : Rubbing scratches and rubbing residues 20 or less ⁇ : Rubbing scratches and rubbing residues 20 to 40 ⁇ : Rubbing scratches and rubbing residues 40 or more
- the surface of the coating film is rubbed using a rayon cloth with a rubbing apparatus having a roll diameter of 120 mm under the conditions of a roll rotation speed of 1000 rpm, a roll traveling speed of 50 mm / sec, and an indentation amount of 0.3 mm to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film. It was. Two substrates were prepared, and 4 ⁇ m bead spacers were sprayed on the liquid crystal alignment film of one of the substrates, and then a sealing agent (XN-1500T manufactured by Kyoritsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied.
- a sealing agent XN-1500T manufactured by Kyoritsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- an empty cell was produced by thermosetting the sealant at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes.
- a negative type liquid crystal (MLC-3022, manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method to produce a liquid crystal cell.
- the isotropic phase treatment is performed at 120 ° C. for 1 hour, and then the cell is observed with a polarizing microscope. There is no alignment defect such as light leakage or domain generation in any liquid crystal cell, and uniform liquid crystal alignment is achieved. It was confirmed that it was obtained.
- the liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be suitably used for display elements of various liquid crystal modes. These elements are also useful in liquid crystal displays for display purposes, and in light control windows and optical shutters for controlling transmission and blocking of light.
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Abstract
Description
焼成工程において、従来の液晶配向膜は、ポリイミド前駆体を、例えば200℃以上の高温で焼成し、ポリイミドとすることで良好な信頼性やラビング耐性が得られることが知られている。一方、近年では、意匠性に優れることから、PETフィルムやポリカーボネートフィルムを基材として用いたフレキシブル液晶素子が検討されている。また、液晶ディスプレイの色再現性を改善するため、カラーフィルターに量子ドットを混合する手法も提案されている(特許文献1)。一方、量子ドットは未だ熱や光に対する信頼性が十分では無く、基板の焼成温度を上げることが難しいといった課題がある。そのため、液晶配向剤を塗布する基板の耐熱性、及び/又は該基板又は基板に備えた部材の劣化防止などの要請から、低温焼成プロセスが検討されている。また、低温焼成プロセスに適した液晶配向膜材料が提案されている(特許文献2)。
また、本発明の目的は、上記目的に加えて、該液晶配向膜を形成する液晶配向剤、及び該液晶配向膜を備える液晶表示素子を提供することにある。
さらに、本発明の目的は、上記目的に加えて、又は上記目的の他に、上記液晶配向膜の製造方法を提供することにある。
<1> 下記(A)成分;(B)成分;及び(C)成分;を含有する液晶配向剤:
(A)成分: ポリイミド前駆体、及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化反応により得られるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体;
(B)成分: 下記式(N-1)で表される化合物;
(C)成分: 下記式(1)~(8)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の特定溶媒。
R3及びR4は、同一若しくは異なって、水素原子、又は炭素数1~20の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基を表す。
R5は、z価の炭素数1~24の直鎖又は分岐鎖の脂肪族炭化水素基、又はz価の炭素数3~24の脂環式炭化水素基を表す。
該脂肪族炭化水素基中の炭素-炭素結合の間に炭素数3~12のシクロアルカン基、炭素数5~12の芳香族炭化水素基、(チオ)エーテル、カルボニル、第3級アミンのいずれかが挿入されていてもよく、この脂肪族炭化水素基がエポキシ、ハロゲンより選択される1種の基を有してもよい。
また、該脂環式炭化水素基中の炭素-炭素結合の間に、(チオ)エーテル、カルボニル、第3級アミンのいずれかが挿入されていてもよく、環を構成しない単結合の一つが炭素数1~12のアルキレン基で置き換えられてもよい。
zは1~6の整数である。
式(1)~(4)及び(8)中、R11~R16及びR20~R21は各々独立に、炭素数1~4の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基を表し、式(5)及び(6)中、R17~R19は炭素数1または2のアルキル基を表す。
式(7)中のnは1~3の整数を表す。
また、本発明により、上記効果に加えて、該液晶配向膜を形成する液晶配向剤、及び該液晶配向膜を備える液晶表示素子を提供することができる。
さらに、本発明により、上記効果に加えて、又は上記効果の他に、上記液晶配向膜の製造方法を提供することができる。
<液晶配向剤>
本願の液晶配向剤は、(A)成分;(B)成分;及び(C)成分;を含有する。
<<(A)成分>>
(A)成分は、ポリイミド前駆体、及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化反応により得られるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体である。
[ポリアミック酸]
本発明に係るポリアミック酸は、ジアミン化合物とテトラカルボン酸二無水物とを反応させることにより得ることができる。
本発明のポリアミック酸の重合に用いられるジアミンは以下の式(1)で一般式化することが出来る。
また、上記式(DA-1)において、Ydは下記式(Y-1)~(Y-171)で表される2価の有機基であるのがよい。
上記ジアミンの中でも、ポリイミド前駆体や該ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミドの溶媒に対する溶解性の観点から、Y-1~Y-6、Y-8、Y-9、Y-14~Y-17、Y-20、Y-26~Y-28、Y-32、Y-38~Y-42、Y-49~Y-60、Y-64~Y-69、Y-72、Y-77、Y-84、Y-86、Y-156、Y-160~Y-163、Y-165が好ましく、Y-8、Y-9、Y-14、Y-16、Y-17、Y-20、Y-26~28、Y-32、Y-38、Y-68、Y-72、Y-77、Y-84、Y-160、Y-161、Y-165がより好ましい。
X1は、-O-、-NQ1-、-CONQ1-、-NQ1CO-、-CH2O-、及び-OCO-からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の2価の有機基であり、Q1は水素原子又は炭素数1から3のアルキル基であり、
X2は、単結合、又は炭素数1から20の脂肪族炭化水素基、非芳香族環式炭化水素基、及び芳香族炭化水素基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の2価の有機基であり、
X3は、単結合、又は-O-、-NQ2-、-CONQ2-、-NQ2CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、及び-O(CH2)m-(mは1から5の整数である)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の2価の有機基であり、
Q2は、水素原子又は炭素数1から3のアルキル基であり、
X4は窒素含有芳香族複素環であり、nは1から4の整数であり、好ましくは、国際公開公報WO2009/093707の段落[0036]~[0038]の表1~表3に記載の組合せである。
また、上記で挙げたジアミン以外に、4-(2-(メチルアミノ)エチル)アニリン、若しくは特開2010-97188号公報に記載のジアミンを使用することができる。
上記光反応性ジアミンの中でも、光反応性等の観点からは、以下の化合物が好ましい。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、例えば脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物、脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物、芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物などを挙げることができる。 これらの具体例としては、以下の[1]~[5]の群のものなどをそれぞれ挙げることができる。
[2] 脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物として、例えば下記式(X1-1)~(X1-13)(式(X1-1)~(X1-4)において、R3からR23はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数2~6のアルケニル基、炭素数2~6のアルキニル基、フッ素原子を含有する炭素数1~6の1価の有機基、又はフェニル基であり、同一でも異なってもよく、
前記式中、RMは水素原子、又はメチル基であり、
Xa、は下記式(Xa-1)~(Xa-7)で表される4価の有機基である)などの酸二無水物;
上記酸二無水物の中でも、ポリイミド前駆体や該ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミドの溶媒に対する溶解性の観点から、X1-1~X1-3、X1-5~X1-12、Xa-1~Xa-3、Xb-13、X6~X8、Xb-1、Xb-7~Xb-9、Xb-13、X1-44,X1-47~X1-52が好ましく、くはX1-1~X1-3、X1-5~X1-12、Xa-1~Xa-3、Xb-7~Xb-9、X1-44、X1-49がより好ましい。
本発明に用いられるポリアミック酸は、公知の方法(例えば、国際公開公報WO2014/034792参照)により合成することができる。
本発明に用いられるポリアミック酸エステルは、下記のようにして得ることができる。
本発明に用いられるポリアミック酸エステルは、(1)ポリアミック酸から合成する場合、(2)テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンからポリアミック酸エステルを合成する場合又は(3)テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンとの反応により合成する場合の、いずれかの公知の方法(例えば、国際公開公報WO2014/034792参照)で合成することができる。
[ポリイミド]
本発明に用いられるポリイミドは、公知の方法(例えば国際公開公報WO2013/125595参照)で得ることができる。
さらに好ましくは、シクロブタン環構造、シクロペンタン環構造、シクロヘキサン環構造、及びベンゼン環構造からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を有する構造を含むことが好ましい。具体的には、ポリアミック酸、及びポリアミック酸エステルや、これらをイミド化して得られるポリイミドの溶媒に対する溶解性の観点から、前記式(X1-1)~(X1-3)、(X1-6)~(X1-12)、(Xa-1)~(Xa-2)、ピロメリット酸無水物、4,4’-(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン)ジフタル酸無水物、(Xb-6)~(Xb-8)、(X1-44)、(X1-47)~(X1-52)が好ましく、より好ましくは(X1-1)~(X1-3)、(X1-6)~(X1-12)、(Xa-1)~(Xa-2)、(Xb-6)~(Xb-8)、(X1-44)、(X1-49)が挙げられる。
(A)成分は、液晶配向剤の総量を100重量%とした場合、1~15重量%、好ましくは1~8重量%、より好ましくは1.5~7重量%であるのがよい。
本願の液晶配向剤は、(B)成分を含有する。
(B)成分は、下記式(N-1)で表される化合物である。
式(N-1)中、R1及びR2は、同一又は異なって、炭素数1~10の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキレン基、又は炭素数3~10のシクロアルキレン基を表す。
該アルキレン基及び/又は該シクロアルキレン基は、エーテル、及び3級アミンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の基を有してもよい。また、該アルキレン基は、飽和又は不飽和のアルキレン基であってもよい。
R1及びR2は、炭素数1~10、好ましくは1~5の直鎖状アルキレン基であるのがよく、炭素数1~2の飽和の直鎖状アルキレン基が特に好ましい。
該アルキル基は、エーテル、及び3級アミンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の基を有してもよい。また、該アルキル基は、飽和又は不飽和のアルキル基であってもよい。
R3及びR4は、水素原子又は炭素数1~2のアルキル基、好ましくは水素原子であるのがよい。
該脂肪族炭化水素基中の炭素-炭素結合の間に炭素数3~12のシクロアルカン基、炭素数5~12の芳香族炭化水素基、(チオ)エーテル、カルボニル、第3級アミンのいずれかが挿入されていてもよく、この脂肪族炭化水素基がエポキシ、ハロゲンより選択される1種の基を有してもよい。
該脂環式炭化水素基中の炭素-炭素結合の間に、(チオ)エーテル、カルボニル、第3級アミンのいずれかが挿入されていてもよく、環を構成しない単結合の一つが炭素数1~12のアルキレン基で置き換えられてもよい;
zは1~6の整数である。
zが2以上であり、R5が2価以上の炭素数1~24の脂肪族炭化水素基である場合、R5として、前記1価の炭素数1~24の脂肪族炭化水素基からz-1個の水素原子が除かれて結合手になったものを挙げることができる。
zが1であり、R5が1価の炭素数3~24の脂環式炭化水素基である場合、R5として、シクロアルキル基、シクロデカヒドロナフチル基、アダマンチル基などの1価の基を挙げることができる。
zが2以上であり、R5が2価以上の脂環式炭化水素基である場合、R5として、前記1価の炭素数3~24の脂環式炭化水素基から、z-1個の水素原子が除かれて結合手になったものを挙げることができる。
Yは、メチレン基、エチレン基、トリメチレン基 、ビニレン基、オキシ基、チオ基のいずれかを表す。
Zは、シクロペンタンジイル基、シクロヘキサンジイル基、または、ノルボルナンジイル基を示す。
本願の液晶配向剤中、(B)成分は、(A)成分100重量%に対して1~30重量%、好ましくは2~20重量%、より好ましくは2~15重量%、さらに好ましくは2~10重量%であるのがよい。
本願の液晶配向剤は、(C)成分として、下記式(1)~(8)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の特定溶媒を含有する。
式(1)~(4)及び(8)中、R11~R16及びR20~R21は各々独立に、炭素数1~4の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基を表す。
式(5)及び(6)中、R17~R19は炭素数1または2のアルキル基を表す。
式(7)中のnは1~3の整数を表す。
本願の液晶配向剤は、上述の(A)成分~(C)成分以外の成分を、適宜、任意に含有してもよい。
例えば、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、γ‐ブチロラクトン、1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、1-ブタノール、2-ブタノール、イソブチルアルコール、tert-ブチルアルコール、1-ペンタノール、2-ペンタノール、3-ペンタノール、2-メチル-1-ブタノール、イソペンチルアルコール、tert-ペンチルアルコール、3-メチル-2-ブタノール、ネオペンチルアルコール、1-ヘキサノール、2-メチル-1-ペンタノール、2-メチル-2-ペンタノール、2-エチル-1-ブタノール、1-ヘプタノール、2-ヘプタノール、3-ヘプタノール、1-オクタノール、2-オクタノール、2-エチル-1-ヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノール、1-メチルシクロヘキサノール、2-メチルシクロヘキサノール、3-メチルシクロヘキサノール、1,2-エタンジオール、1,2-プロパンジオール、1,3-プロパンジオール、1,2-ブタンジオール、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、2,3-ブタンジオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、2-メチル-2,4-ペンタンジオール、2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオール、ジプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、ジヘキシルエーテル、ジオキサン、1,2-ブトキシエタン、2-ペンタノン、3-ペンタノン、2-ヘキサノン、2-ヘプタノン、4-ヘプタノン、エチレングリコールモノアセタート、エチレングリコールジアセタート、2-(メトキシメトキシ)エタノール、ジエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、1-(ブトキシエトキシ)プロパノール、ジプロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノアセタート、エチレングリコールジアセタート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセタート、2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エチルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールアセタート、トリエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ピルビン酸メチル、ピルビン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸メチルエチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸ブチル、乳酸メチルエステル、乳酸エチルエステル、乳酸n-プロピルエステル、乳酸n-ブチルエステルまたは乳酸イソアミルエステル及び、下記構造の有機溶媒が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
(A)成分~(C)成分以外の成分として、架橋性化合物を挙げることができる。
該架橋性化合物として、例えばエポキシ基、イソシアネート基、オキセタン基又はシクロカーボネート基を有する架橋性化合物、ヒドロキシル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び低級アルコキシアルキル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を有する架橋性化合物、又は重合性不飽和結合を有する架橋性化合物を含挙げることができるがこれらに限定されない。なお、これら置換基や重合性不飽和結合は、架橋性化合物中に2個以上有するのがよい。
より具体的には、国際公開公報WO2011/132751号(2011.10.27公開)の62~66頁に掲載される、式[6-1]~式[6-48]の架橋性化合物が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、液晶配向剤を塗布した際の液晶配向膜の膜厚の均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる化合物を用いることができる。
液晶配向膜の膜厚の均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる化合物としては、フッ素系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤、ノ二オン系界面活性剤などが挙げられる。これらの具体例は、国際公開公報WO2016/047771の段落[0117]に記載の界面活性剤が挙げられる。
より具体的には、例えば、エフトップEF301、EF303、EF352(以上、トーケムプロダクツ社製)、メガファックF171、F173、R-30(以上、大日本インキ社製)、フロラードFC430、FC431(以上、住友スリーエム社製)、アサヒガードAG710、サーフロンS-382、SC101、SC102、SC103、SC104、SC105、SC106(以上、旭硝子社製)などが挙げられる。
界面活性剤の使用量は、液晶配向剤に含有される全ての重合体成分100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.01~2質量部、より好ましくは0.01~1質量部である。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤は、特定構造の重合体が有機溶媒中に溶解された溶液の形態を有する。
例えばスピンナー法による場合には、重合体の濃度が1.5~4.5重量%の範囲であることが特に好ましい。印刷法による場合には、固形分濃度を3~9重量%の範囲とし、それにより溶液粘度を12~50mPa・sの範囲とすることが特に好ましい。インクジェット法による場合には、固形分濃度を1~5重量%の範囲とし、それにより、溶液粘度を3~15mPa・sの範囲とすることが特に好ましい。
本願の(A)成分であるポリイミド前駆体及びポリイミドは、その分子量が、重量平均分子量で2,000~500,000が好ましく、より好ましくは5,000~300,000であり、さらに好ましくは、10,000~100,000であるのがよい。また、数平均分子量が、好ましくは、1,000~250,000であり、より好ましくは、2,500~150,000であり、さらに好ましくは、5,000~50,000であるのがよい。
上記液晶配向剤を用いることにより、液晶配向膜を製造することができる。また、本発明に係る液晶表示素子は、上記液晶配向剤を用いて形成した液晶配向膜を具備する。本発明に係る液晶表示素子の動作モードは特に限定せず、例えばTN(Twisted Nematic)型、STN型、垂直配向型(VA-MVA型、VA-PVA型などを含む。)、面内スイッチング型(IPS型)、FFS(Fringe Field Switching)型、光学補償ベンド型(OCB型)など種々の動作モードに適用することができる。
より製造することができる。工程(1-1)は、所望の動作モードによって使用基板が異
なる。工程(1-2)及び工程(1-3)は各動作モード共通である。
先ず、基板上に本発明の液晶配向剤を塗布し、次いで塗布面を加熱することにより基板上に塗膜を形成する。
(1-1A)例えばTN型、STN型又はVA型の液晶表示素子を製造する場合、まず、パターニングされた透明導電膜が設けられている基板二枚を一対として、その各透明性導電膜形成面上に、上記で調製した液晶配向剤を、好ましくはオフセット印刷法、スピンコート法、ロールコーター法又はインクジェット印刷法によりそれぞれ塗布する。基板としては、例えばフロートガラス、ソーダガラスなどのガラス;ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリカーボネート、ポリ(脂環式オレフィン)などのプラスチックからなる透明基板を用いることができる。基板の一面に設けられる透明導電膜としては、酸化スズ(SnO2)からなるNESA膜(米国PPG社登録商標)、酸化インジウム-酸化スズ(In2O3-SnO2)からなるITO膜などを用いることができる。パターニングされた透明導電膜を得るには、例えばパターンなし透明導電膜を形成した後、フォト・エッチングによりパターンを形成する方法;透明導電膜を形成する際に所望のパターンを有するマスクを用いる方法;などによることができる。液晶配向剤の塗布に際しては、基板表面及び透明導電膜と塗膜との接着性をさらに良好にするために、基板表面のうち塗膜を形成する面に、官能性シラン化合物、官能性チタン化合物などを予め塗布する前処理を施しておいてもよい。
TN型、STN型、IPS型又はFFS型の液晶表示素子を製造する場合、上記工程(1-1)で形成した塗膜に液晶配向能を付与する処理を実施する。これにより、液晶分子の配向能が塗膜に付与されて液晶配向膜となる。配向能付与処理としては、例えばナイロン、レーヨン、コットンなどの繊維からなる布を巻き付けたロールで塗膜を一定方向に擦るラビング処理、塗膜に対して偏光又は非偏光の放射線を照射する光配向処理などが挙げられる。一方、VA型液晶表示素子を製造する場合には、上記工程(1-1)で形成した塗膜をそのまま液晶配向膜として使用することができるが、該塗膜に対し配向能付与処理を施してもよい。
使用する光源としては、例えば低圧水銀ランプ、高圧水銀ランプ、重水素ランプ、メタルハライドランプ、アルゴン共鳴ランプ、キセノンランプ、エキシマレーザーなどを使用することができる。好ましい波長領域の紫外線は、光源を、例えばフィルター、回折格子などと併用する手段などにより得ることができる。放射線の照射量は、好ましくは10~5,000mJ/cm2であり、より好ましくは30~2,000mJ/cm2である。
また、塗膜に対する光照射は、反応性を高めるために塗膜を加温しながら行ってもよい。加温の際の温度は、通常30~250℃であり、好ましくは40~200℃であり、より好ましくは50~150℃である。
また、150~800nmの波長の光を含む紫外線を使用する場合には、上記工程で得られた光照射膜をそのまま液晶配向膜をとして使用することができるが、該光照射膜を焼成してもよい。このときの焼成温度は、好ましくは80~300℃であり、より好ましくは120~250℃である。焼成時間は、好ましくは5~200分であり、より好ましくは10~100分である。ここでの光配向処理が、液晶層と接触していない状態での光照射の処理に相当する。
(1-3A) 上記のようにして液晶配向膜が形成された基板を2枚準備し、対向配置した2枚の基板間に液晶を配置することにより液晶セルを製造する。液晶セルを製造するには、例えば以下の2つの方法が挙げられる。第一の方法は、従来から知られている方法である。先ず、それぞれの液晶配向膜が対向するように間隙(セルギャップ)を介して2枚の基板を対向配置し、2枚の基板の周辺部をシール剤を用いて貼り合わせ、基板表面及びシール剤により区画されたセルギャップ内に液晶を注入充填した後、注入孔を封止することにより液晶セルを製造する。第二の方法は、ODF(One Drop Fill)方式と呼ばれる手法である。液晶配向膜を形成した2枚の基板のうちの一方の基板上の所定の場所に、例えば紫外光硬化性のシール剤を塗布し、さらに液晶配向膜面上の所定の数箇所に液晶を滴下した後、液晶配向膜が対向するように他方の基板を貼り合わせるとともに液晶を基板の全面に押し広げ、次いで基板の全面に紫外光を照射してシール剤を硬化することにより液晶セルを製造する。いずれの方法による場合でも、上記のようにして製造した液晶セルにつき、さらに、用いた液晶が等方相をとる温度まで加熱した後、室温まで徐冷することにより、液晶充填時の流動配向を除去することが望ましい。
液晶としては、ネマチック液晶及びスメクチック液晶を挙げることができ、その中でもネマチック液晶が好ましく、例えばシッフベース系液晶、アゾキシ系液晶、ビフェニル系液晶、フェニルシクロヘキサン系液晶、エステル系液晶、ターフェニル系液晶、ビフェニルシクロヘキサン系液晶、ピリミジン系液晶、ジオキサン系液晶、ビシクロオクタン系液晶、キュバン系液晶などを用いることができる。また、これらの液晶に、例えばコレスチルクロライド、コレステリルノナエート、コレステリルカーボネートなどのコレステリック液晶;商品名「C-15」、「CB-15」(メルク社製)として販売されているようなカイラル剤;p-デシロキシベンジリデン-p-アミノ-2-メチルブチルシンナメートなどの強誘電性液晶などを、添加して使用してもよい。液晶はまた、異方性染料を追加で含むことができる。用語「染料」は、可視光領域、例えば、400nmないし700nm波長範囲内で少なくとも一部または全体範囲内の光を集中的に吸収または変形させることができる物質を意味することができ、用語「異方性染料」は前記可視光領域の少なくとも一部または全体範囲で光の異方性吸収が可能な物質を意味することができる。 前記のような染料の使用を通じて液晶セルの色感を調節することができる。 異方性染料の種類は特別に制限されないし、例えば、黒色染料(black dye)またはカラー染料(color dye)を使用することができる。異方性染料の液晶に対する割合は目的とする物性を損なわない範囲内で適切に選択され、例えば、異方性染料は液晶化合物100重量部に対して0.01重量部~5重量部の割合で含まれることができるが、前記の割合は必要によって適正範囲に変更することができる。
上記のようにして、本発明の液晶配向剤を用いることで、塗布面内の膜厚の均一性や、塗布周辺部の直線性及び寸法安定性に優れる液晶配向膜を得ることができる。
また、本発明の液晶配向剤を用いることで、電圧保持率が所望の値となり、ラビング耐性に優れ、信頼性を有する液晶配向膜を得ることができる。
実施例において使用した化合物の構造を以下に示す。
<テトラカルボン酸二無水物>
CBDA:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
BODA:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物
PMDA:ピロメリット酸二無水物
TCA:2,3,5-トリカルボキシシクロペンチル酢酸-1,4,2,3-二無水物
p-PDA:p-フェニレンジアミン
DBA:3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸
PCH7:1,3-ジアミノ-4-〔4-(トランス-4-n-ヘプチルシクロヘキシル)フェノキシ〕ベンゼン
APC12:1,3-ジアミノ-4-(ドデカノキシ)ベンゼン
PBCH5:1,3-ジアミノ-4-{4-〔トランス-4-(トランス-4-n-ペンチルシクロヘキシル)シクロヘキシル〕フェノキシ}ベンゼン
DA-3:2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン
NMP: N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
GBL: γ-ブチルラクトン
BCS: ブチルセロソルブ
CHN: シクロヘキサノン
CPN: シクロペンタノン
PGME: プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル
EC: エチルカルビトール
DME: ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル
合成例におけるポリマーの分子量はセンシュー科学社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(SSC-7200、Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)を用い以下のようにして測定した。
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:DMF(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、THFが10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約9000,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
合成例におけるポリイミドの分子量は、常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(GPC-101)(昭和電工製)、カラム(KD-803、KD-805)(Shodex製)を用いて、以下のようにして測定した。
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量 約900,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)(東ソー製)およびポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)(ポリマーラボラトリー製)。
合成例におけるポリイミドのイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。ポリイミド粉末(20mg)をNMRサンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5(草野科学製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)(0.53ml)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500)(日本電子データム製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5から10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミド酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミド酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
<合成例1>
BODA(18.8g,75mmol)、DBA(7.6g,50mmol)、PCH7(21.7g,50mmol)をNMP(148.0g)中で混合し、80℃で5時間反応させた後、CBDA(4.8g,24mmol)とNMP(63.5g)を加え、40℃で12時間反応させポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミド酸溶液(50.0g)にNMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(5.8g)、ピリジン(4.6g)を加え、80℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(600ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(A)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は57%であり、数平均分子量は17800、重量平均分子量は53400であった。
BODA(12.5g,50mmol)、DBA(9.1g,60mmol)、PCH7(15.2g,40mmol)をNMP(147.6g)中で混合し、80℃で5時間反応させた後、CBDA(9.8g,50mmol)とNMP(39.1g)を加え、40℃で12時間反応させポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミド酸溶液(80.0g)にNMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(15.4g)、ピリジン(8.9g)を加え、50℃で3。5時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(1000ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(B)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は51%であり、数平均分子量は20100、重量平均分子量は68100であった。
BODA(18.8g,75mmol)、DBA(10.7g,70mmol)、PBCH5(13.0g,30mmol)をNMP(132.2g)中で混合し、80℃で5時間反応させた後、CBDA(4.7g,24mmol)とNMP(56.7g)を加え、40℃で12時間反応させポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミド酸溶液(50.0g)にNMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(8.6g)、ピリジン(6.6g)を加え、80℃で3。5時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(650ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(C)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は57%であり、数平均分子量は18500、重量平均分子量は52700であった。
CBDA(3.9g,20mmol)、DA-3(36.9g,90mmol)、APC12(2.9g,10mmol)をNMP(240.1g)中で混合し、室温で1時間反応させた後、PMDA(16.8g,77mmol)とNMP(103.3g)を加え、室温で2時間反応させポリアミド酸溶液(D)を得た。
このアミド酸の数平均分子量は17200、重量平均分子量は62000であった。
TCA(5.1g、22.9mmol)、DBA(2.5g、16.1mmol)、PCH7(2.6g、6.9mmol)をNMP(40.8g)中で混合し、60℃で24時間反応させ、ポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミド酸溶液(20.0g)にNMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(2.3g)、ピリジン(1.8g)を加え、90℃で2時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(248ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(E)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は51%であり、数平均分子量は16,100、重量平均分子量は37,200であった。
CBDA(19.0g,97mmol)、p-PDA(3.2g,30mmol)、PCH7(26.6g,70mmol)をNMP(277.1g)中で混合し、室温で24時間反応させポリアミド酸溶液(F)を得た。
このアミド酸の数平均分子量は18700、重量平均分子量は56100であった。
合成例1、合成例2、合成例3、合成例5で得られたポリイミド粉末(A)、(B)、(C)、及び(E)各1gのそれぞれに、GBL(3.8g)とPGME(20.0g)を加え、70℃で15時間撹拌することにより、ポリイミド溶液を得た。いずれのポリイミド溶液とも、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
次いで、これらポリイミド溶液にTETRAD-Cの10wt%PGME溶液(0.3g)を添加し、室温で30分撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(1)~(4)を得た。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(1)~(4)を用いて、溶媒乾燥速度の評価、ラビング耐性の評価、液晶セルの作製、液晶セルの電圧保持率の評価を行った。
実施例5~13、及び比較例1~3についても同様に各種評価を行った。実施例及び比較例の溶媒乾燥速度の評価結果を表1に、ラビング耐性の評価結果を表2に、液晶セルの電圧保持率の評価結果を表3に示した。
合成例1で得られたポリイミド粉末(A)1gに、GBL(6.3g)とPGME(17.3g)を加え、70℃で15時間撹拌することにより、ポリイミド溶液を得た。このポリイミド溶液に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。次いで、このポリイミド溶液にTETRAD-Cの10wt%PGME溶液(0.5g)を添加し、室温で30分撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(5)を得た。
合成例1、合成例2、合成例3で得られたポリイミド粉末(A)、(B)、及び(C)各1gのそれぞれに、GBL(6.3g)とPGME(12.5g)、及びDME(5.0g)を加え、70℃で15時間撹拌することにより、ポリイミド溶液を得た。いずれのポリイミド溶液とも、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。次いで、これらポリイミド溶液にTETRAD-Cの10wt%PGME溶液(0.3g)を添加し、室温で30分撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(6)~(8)を得た。
合成例1で得られたポリイミド粉末(A)1gに、PGME(18.9g)、及びEC(5.0g)を加え、70℃で15時間撹拌することにより、ポリイミド溶液を得た。このポリイミド溶液に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。次いで、これらポリイミド溶液にTETRAD-Cの10wt%PGME溶液(0.3g)を添加し、室温で30分撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(9)を得た。
合成例1、合成例2、合成例3、合成例5で得られたポリイミド粉末(A)、(B)、(C)、及び(E)各1gのそれぞれに、GBL(3.8g)とPGME(8.9g)、及びCHN(8.9g)を加え、70℃で15時間撹拌することにより、ポリイミド溶液を得た。いずれのポリイミド溶液とも、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。次いで、これらポリイミド溶液にTETRAD-Cの10wt%PGME溶液(0.5g)を添加し、室温で30分撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(10)~(13)を得た。
合成例4で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(D)10gに、CHN(7.5g)とPGME(20.6g)、及びTETRAD-Cの10重量%PGME溶液(0.75g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで、液晶配向剤(14)を得た。このポリイミド溶液に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
得られた液晶配向処理剤(14)を用いて、溶媒乾燥速度の評価、ラビング耐性の評価、液晶表示素子の作製、液晶配向性の評価を行った。
合成例4で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(D)10gに、CPN(7.5g)とPGME(20.6g)、及びTETRAD-Cの10重量%PGME溶液(0.75g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで、液晶配向剤(15)を得た。このポリイミド溶液に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
合成例6で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(F)10gに、BCS(7.5g)とPGME(20.6g)、及びTETRAD-Cの10重量%PGME溶液(0.75g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで、液晶配向剤(16)を得た。このポリイミド溶液に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
合成例4で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(D)10gに、BCS(7.5g)とPGME(20.6g)、及びTETRAD-Cの10重量%PGME溶液(0.75g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで、液晶配向剤(16)を得た。このポリイミド溶液に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
合成例1で得られたポリイミド粉末(A)1gに、NMP(16.2g)、及びBCS(7.5g)を加え、70℃で15時間撹拌することにより、ポリイミド溶液を得た。このポリイミド溶液に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。本ポリイミド溶液を液晶配向剤(17)とした。
合成例1で得られたポリイミド粉末(A)1gに、NMP(16.2g)、及びBCS(7.5g)を加え、70℃で15時間撹拌することにより、ポリイミド溶液を得た。このポリイミド溶液に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。次いで、これらポリイミド溶液にTMBIPの10wt%NMP溶液(0.3g)を添加し、室温で30分撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(18)を得た。
合成例1で得られたポリイミド粉末(A)1gに、NMP(16.2g)、及びBCS(7.5g)を加え、70℃で15時間撹拌することにより、ポリイミド溶液を得た。このポリイミド溶液に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。次いで、これらポリイミド溶液にGT401の10wt%NMP溶液(0.3g)を添加し、室温で30分撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(19)を得た。
合成例4で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(D)10gに、NMP(19.6g)とBCS(7.5g)、及びTETRAD-Cの10重量%NMP溶液(0.45g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで、液晶配向剤(20)を得た。このポリイミド溶液に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
合成例1で得られたポリイミド粉末(A)1gに、NMP(16.2g)、及びBCS(7.5g)を加え、70℃で15時間撹拌することにより、ポリイミド溶液を得た。このポリイミド溶液に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。次いで、これらポリイミド溶液にTMBIPの10wt%NMP溶液(0.5g)とPTSAの10wt%NMP溶液(0.3g)を添加し、室温で30分撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(21)を得た。
実施例(1)~(13)、及び比較例(1)~(5)で得られた本発明の液晶配向剤を透明電極付きガラス基板に乾燥後の塗膜の膜厚が100nmになるようにスピンコートし、30℃のホットプレート上に置き溶媒が乾燥するまでの時間を観測した。
実施例(1)~(17)、及び比較例(1)~(5)で得られた本発明の液晶配向剤を透明電極付きガラス基板にスピンコートし、50℃のホットプレートで120秒間溶媒を乾燥させた後、120℃のホットプレートで5分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させた。この塗膜面をロール径120mmのラビング装置でレーヨン布を用いて、ロール回転数1000rpm、ロール進行速度50mm/sec、押し込み量0.3mmの条件でラビングし、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。
上記基板の中心付近の液晶配向膜表面を、倍率100倍に設定したレーザー顕微鏡で無作為に5箇所観察し、観察視野である約6.5mm四方の範囲に確認されるラビング傷、およびラビングカス(付着物)の量の平均値からラビング耐性を評価した。結果を表1にまとめる。なお評価基準は次のように定めた。
評価基準
○:ラビング傷やラビングカス20個以下
△:ラビング傷やラビングカスが20~40個
×:ラビング傷やラビングカスが40個以上
実施例(1)~(13)、及び比較例(1)~(3)と(5)で得られた本発明の液晶配向剤を、ITO膜からなる透明電極付きガラス基板のITO面にスピンコートし、50℃のホットプレートで120秒間乾燥した後、120℃のIRオーブンで10分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。次いで、この塗膜面をロール径120mmのラビング装置でレーヨン布を用いて、ロール回転数1000rpm、ロール進行速度50mm/sec、押し込み量0.3mmの条件でラビングし、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。
上記の基板を2枚用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜上に4μmのビーズスペーサーを散布した後、シール剤(協立化学製、XN-1500T)を塗布した。次いで、もう一方の基板を、液晶配向膜面が向き合い配向方向が180°になるようにして張り合わせた後、120℃で90分シール剤を熱硬化させることで空セルを作製した。この空セルにネガ型液晶(メルク社製、MLC-3022)を減圧注入法によって注入し、液晶セルを作製した。
液晶セル作製後、120℃で1時間等方相処理を行った後に偏光顕微鏡にてセル観察を行い、いずれの液晶セルにも光抜けやドメイン発生などの配向不良が無く、均一な液晶配向が得られていることを確認した。
上記で作製した液晶セルに、60℃の温度下で1Vの電圧を60μs印加し、1667ms後の電圧を測定し、電圧がどのくらい保持できているかを電圧保持率として計算した。測定は、東陽テクニカ社製VHR-1電圧保持率測定装置を使用し、Voltage:±1V,Pulse Width:60μs、Flame Period:1667msの設定で測定した。
Claims (6)
- 下記(A)成分;(B)成分;及び(C)成分;を含有する液晶配向剤:
(A)成分:
ポリイミド前駆体、及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化反応により得られるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体;
(B)成分:
下記式(N-1)で表される化合物
(式中、
式(N-1)中、R1及びR2は、同一又は異なって、炭素数1~10の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキレン基、又は炭素数3~10のシクロアルキレン基を表し、
R3及びR4は、同一若しくは異なって、水素原子、又は炭素数1~20の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基を表し、
R5は、z価の炭素数1~24の直鎖又は分岐鎖の脂肪族炭化水素基、又はz価の炭素数3~24の脂環式炭化水素基を表し、
該脂肪族炭化水素基中の炭素-炭素結合の間に炭素数3~12のシクロアルカン基、炭素数5~12の芳香族炭化水素基、(チオ)エーテル、カルボニル、第3級アミンのいずれかが挿入されていてもよく、この脂肪族炭化水素基がエポキシ、ハロゲンより選択される1種の基を有してもよく、
前記脂環式炭化水素基中の炭素-炭素結合の間に、(チオ)エーテル、カルボニル、第3級アミンのいずれかが挿入されていてもよく、環を構成しない単結合の一つが炭素数1~12のアルキレン基で置き換えられてもよく、
zは1~6の整数である。);
(C)成分:
下記式(1)~(8)
(式(1)~(4)及び(8)中、R11~R16及びR20~R21は各々独立に、炭素数1~4の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基を表し、式(5)及び(6)中、R17~R19は炭素数1または2のアルキル基を表す。
式(7)中のnは1~3の整数を表す。)
からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の特定溶媒。
- 前記液晶配向剤の総溶媒量100重量%中、前記(C)成分が70重量%以上である請求項1記載の液晶配向剤。
- (A)成分が、テトラカルボン酸二無水物、テトラカルボン酸ジエステル及びテトラカルボン酸ジエステルジハロゲン化物よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種であるテトラカルボン酸誘導体と、ジアミンとを反応させて得られる重合体であり、
前記テトラカルボン酸誘導体は、シクロブタン環構造、シクロペンタン環構造及びシクロヘキサン環構造、ベンゼン環構造よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種を有する化合物を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の液晶配向剤。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤を用いて形成された液晶配向膜。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、前記塗膜が液晶層と接触していない状態で又は液晶層と接触した状態で前記塗膜に光照射する工程と、を含む液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 請求項4に記載の液晶配向膜;又は請求項5に記載の製造方法により得られた液晶配向膜;を具備する液晶表示素子。
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| CN117987155A (zh) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-05-07 | 深圳市道尔顿电子材料股份有限公司 | 低温固化液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜及其制备方法和液晶表示元件 |
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| JP5699543B2 (ja) | 2010-11-02 | 2015-04-15 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| CN103415805B (zh) * | 2010-12-28 | 2016-02-10 | 日产化学工业株式会社 | 液晶取向处理剂、液晶取向膜及液晶显示元件 |
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| CN110462501A (zh) | 2019-11-15 |
| TWI773714B (zh) | 2022-08-11 |
| KR102604339B1 (ko) | 2023-11-20 |
| TW201840717A (zh) | 2018-11-16 |
| KR20190095473A (ko) | 2019-08-14 |
| CN110462501B (zh) | 2022-10-28 |
| JP7298156B2 (ja) | 2023-06-27 |
| JPWO2018124167A1 (ja) | 2019-10-31 |
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