WO2018121100A1 - 一种动力型、高容量改性nca正极材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种动力型、高容量改性nca正极材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018121100A1
WO2018121100A1 PCT/CN2017/110594 CN2017110594W WO2018121100A1 WO 2018121100 A1 WO2018121100 A1 WO 2018121100A1 CN 2017110594 W CN2017110594 W CN 2017110594W WO 2018121100 A1 WO2018121100 A1 WO 2018121100A1
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mixed solution
preparing
nca
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徐茂龙
黄红如
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徐茂龙
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • the invention relates to a preparation method of a positive electrode material, in particular to a preparation method of a dynamic type and high capacity modified NCA positive electrode material.
  • LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 material has excellent capacity performance and power performance, and can be used as an ideal power battery cathode material.
  • Ni 2+ is difficult to be oxidized to Ni 3+ , it is inevitable in synthesis.
  • Ni 2+ which is not oxidized remains, and due to the small polarization of Ni 2+ , a highly symmetrical disordered rock salt structure is easily formed.
  • Ni 2+ is present in NCA, part of Ni 2+ is substituted for the (3b) position of Ni 3+ , so that the cationic charge is lowered. To maintain charge balance, part of Ni 2+ will occupy the (3a) position of monovalent Li + .
  • the capacity loss of the material is caused.
  • the preparation method of the LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 material in the prior art often has the disadvantages of high production cost and low efficiency, and further improvement is needed.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a highly efficient dynamic type, high capacity modified NCA positive electrode material in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of a dynamic type and high capacity modified NCA positive electrode material, comprising the following steps:
  • segmented calcination is first pre-calcined at a temperature of 350 ° C for 3 h, and then heated at a rate of 5 ° C / min to 800 ° C for 7 h.
  • the Al 2 O 3 has an average particle diameter of ⁇ 200 nm.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing a dynamic type and high capacity modified NCA positive electrode material, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, rapidity and energy saving, and the ternary positive electrode material NCA synthesized by the synthetic method has high capacity, high temperature stability and good cycle performance.
  • the advantages of fast charging, etc. have great economic and practical value.
  • Example 1 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of a ternary positive electrode material NCA synthesized in Example 2;
  • Example 2 is an SEM image of the ternary positive electrode material NCA synthesized in Example 2;
  • Example 3 is a first charge and discharge curve of the NCA positive electrode material synthesized in Example 2;
  • Example 4 is a room temperature cycle characteristic curve of the NCA positive electrode material synthesized in Example 2;
  • Example 5 is a high temperature cycle characteristic curve of the NCA positive electrode material synthesized in Example 2.
  • the embodiment provides a method for preparing a dynamic type and high capacity modified NCA positive electrode material, comprising the following steps:
  • the segmented calcination is first pre-calcined at a temperature of 350 ° C for 3 h, and then heated at a rate of 5 ° C / min to 800 ° C for 7 h.
  • the Al 2 O 3 has an average particle diameter of ⁇ 200 nm.
  • the embodiment provides a method for preparing a dynamic type and high capacity modified NCA positive electrode material, comprising the following steps:
  • the segmented calcination is first pre-calcined at a temperature of 350 ° C for 3 h, and then heated at a rate of 5 ° C / min to 800 ° C for 7 h.
  • the Al 2 O 3 has an average particle diameter of ⁇ 200 nm.
  • the embodiment provides a method for preparing a dynamic type and high capacity modified NCA positive electrode material, comprising the following steps:
  • the segmented calcination is first controlled to a temperature of 350 ° C for pre-calcination for 3 h, Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 800 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C / min for 7 h.
  • the Al 2 O 3 has an average particle diameter of ⁇ 200 nm.
  • the NCA ternary positive electrode material synthesized in Example 2 was analyzed as follows: It can be seen from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that the target product synthesized under the selected conditions has a higher crystallinity, as shown in Fig. 3, The synthesized compound has good electrochemical performance, the first charge specific capacity reaches 190 mAh/g, and the first discharge specific capacity reaches 190 mAh/g.
  • Figure 3 shows a stable cycle of the synthesized material shown in Fig. 4 at room temperature. The performance was maintained at about 173 mAh/g after 40 cycles. As shown in Fig. 5, the specific capacity of the discharge was maintained at 100 mAh/g after 50 cycles at a high temperature of 50 °C.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing a dynamic type and high capacity modified NCA positive electrode material, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, rapidity and energy saving, and the ternary positive electrode material NCA synthesized by the synthetic method has high capacity, high temperature stability and good cycle performance. High compaction density and fast charging speed.

Abstract

一种动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)按照分子式LiNi 0.80Co 0.15Al 0.05O 2中的计量比分别称取乙酸锂、乙酸镍、Co 3O 4、和Al 2O 3;(2)进行均匀混合得混合物;(3)将混合物加入到乙酸锂、乙酸镍的混合溶液中形成混合溶液1,(4)向混合溶液1加入与柠檬酸,进行配比得到溶液2;(5)将溶液2用氨水调节pH为9,形成紫色凝胶;(6)将紫色凝胶烘干即得前躯体固体粉末;煅烧、研磨,得三元正极材料,动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法具有高效、快速、节能的特点,且通过该合成方法合成的三元正极材料NCA具有容量高、高温稳定、循环性能好、充电速度快等优点,具有极大的经济实用价值。

Description

一种动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种正极材料制备方法,具体涉及一种动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法.。
背景技术
LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2材料具有优越的容量性能和功率性能,可以作为理想的动力电池正极材料,NCA材料的合成中过程,由于Ni2+较难氧化为Ni3+,合成时不可避免会剩余未被氧化的Ni2+,由于Ni2+极化力小,易形成高对称的无序岩盐结构。当NCA中存在Ni2+时,部分Ni2+要取代Ni3+的(3b)位置,使得阳离子电荷降低,为保持电荷平衡,部分Ni2+要占据一价Li+的(3a)位置,这种现象即通常所说的Li/Ni阳离子无序分布或阳离子混排,由于
Figure PCTCN2017110594-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017110594-appb-000002
半径小于Li+(r Li+=0.76),且在脱锂过程中被氧化为半径更小的Ni3+(r Ni3+=0.56),导致层间局部结构塌陷,使得Li+很难再嵌入塌陷的位置,造成材料的容量损失,另外现有技术中的LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2材料的制备方法往往具有生产成本高、效率低等缺点,有待进一步的改进。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术的不足而提供一种高效的动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法。
本发明为解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为:
本发明提供一种动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照NCA三元正极材料分子式LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2中的计量比分别称取乙酸锂、乙酸镍、Co3O4、和Al2O3
(2)将Co3O4和Al2O3进行均匀混合,加入分散剂后球磨分散,干燥后破 碎过200目筛,得到过筛后的混合物;;
(3)将步骤(2)中所制备的Co3O4和Al2O3混合物加入到乙酸锂、乙酸镍的混合溶液中形成混合溶液1,
(4)向混合溶液1加入与柠檬酸,柠檬酸与乙酸锂、乙酸镍按摩尔比为2:1:1,进行配比,得到溶液2;
(5)将溶液2用氨水调节pH为9,在60℃下持续搅拌直至形成紫色凝胶;
(6)将得到的紫色凝胶在80~180℃下烘干即得前躯体固体粉末;并将得到的前躯体固体粉末在高温管式炉中进行分段煅烧,将煅烧后的材料进行研磨,即得动力型锂离子电池富锂三元正极材料。
进一步地,所述的分段煅烧即首先控制温度为350℃进行预煅烧3h,然后以5℃/min的速率升温至800℃煅烧7h。
进一步地,所述Al2O3平均粒径≤200nm。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供一种动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法具有高效、快速、节能的特点,且通过该合成方法合成的三元正极材料NCA具有容量高、高温稳定、循环性能好、充电速度快等优点,具有极大的经济实用价值。
附图说明
图1为实施例2所合成三元正极材料NCA的X衍射图;
图2是实施例2所合成三元正极材料NCA的SEM图;
图3为实施例2所合成三元正极材料NCA首次充放电曲线;
图4是实施例2所合成三元正极材料NCA室温循环特性曲线;
图5是实施例2所合成三元正极材料NCA高温循环特性曲线;
具体实施方式
下面结合附图具体阐明本发明的实施方式,附图仅供参考和说明使用,不构成对本发明专利保护范围的限制。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照NCA三元正极材料分子式LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2中的计量比分别称取乙酸锂、乙酸镍、Co3O4、和Al2O3
(2)将Co3O4和Al2O3进行均匀混合,加入分散剂后球磨分散,干燥后破碎过200目筛,得到过筛后的混合物;;
(3)将步骤(2)中所制备的Co3O4和Al2O3混合物加入到乙酸锂、乙酸镍的混合溶液中形成混合溶液1,
(4)向混合溶液1加入与柠檬酸,柠檬酸与乙酸锂、乙酸镍按摩尔比为2:1:1,进行配比,得到溶液2;
(5)将溶液2用氨水调节pH为9,在60℃下持续搅拌直至形成紫色凝胶;
(6)将得到的紫色凝胶在80℃下烘干即得前躯体固体粉末;并将得到的前躯体固体粉末在高温管式炉中进行分段煅烧,将煅烧后的材料进行研磨,即得动力型锂离子电池富锂三元正极材料。
本实施例中,所述的分段煅烧即首先控制温度为350℃进行预煅烧3h,然后以5℃/min的速率升温至800℃煅烧7h。
本实施例中,所述Al2O3平均粒径≤200nm。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照NCA三元正极材料分子式LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2中的计量比分别称取乙酸锂、乙酸镍、Co3O4、和Al2O3
(2)将Co3O4和Al2O3进行均匀混合,加入分散剂后球磨分散,干燥后破碎过200目筛,得到过筛后的混合物;;
(3)将步骤(2)中所制备的Co3O4和Al2O3混合物加入到乙酸锂、乙酸镍 的混合溶液中形成混合溶液1,
(4)向混合溶液1加入与柠檬酸,柠檬酸与乙酸锂、乙酸镍按摩尔比为2:1:1,进行配比,得到溶液2;
(5)将溶液2用氨水调节pH为9,在60℃下持续搅拌直至形成紫色凝胶;
(6)将得到的紫色凝胶在150℃下烘干即得前躯体固体粉末;并将得到的前躯体固体粉末在高温管式炉中进行分段煅烧,将煅烧后的材料进行研磨,即得动力型锂离子电池富锂三元正极材料。
本实施例中,所述的分段煅烧即首先控制温度为350℃进行预煅烧3h,然后以5℃/min的速率升温至800℃煅烧7h。
本实施例中,所述Al2O3平均粒径≤200nm。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照NCA三元正极材料分子式LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2中的计量比分别称取乙酸锂、乙酸镍、Co3O4、和Al2O3
(2)将Co3O4和Al2O3进行均匀混合,加入分散剂后球磨分散,干燥后破碎过200目筛,得到过筛后的混合物;;
(3)将步骤(2)中所制备的Co3O4和Al2O3混合物加入到乙酸锂、乙酸镍的混合溶液中形成混合溶液1,
(4)向混合溶液1加入与柠檬酸,柠檬酸与乙酸锂、乙酸镍按摩尔比为2:1:1,进行配比,得到溶液2;
(5)将溶液2用氨水调节pH为9,在60℃下持续搅拌直至形成紫色凝胶;
(6)将得到的紫色凝胶在180℃下烘干即得前躯体固体粉末;并将得到的前躯体固体粉末在高温管式炉中进行分段煅烧,将煅烧后的材料进行研磨,即得动力型锂离子电池富锂三元正极材料。
本实施例中,所述的分段煅烧即首先控制温度为350℃进行预煅烧3h,然 后以5℃/min的速率升温至800℃煅烧7h。
本实施例中,所述Al2O3平均粒径≤200nm。
对实施例2所合成的NCA三元正极材料进行分析如下:从图1和图2中可以看出在所选定的条件下合成的目标产物具有较高的结晶度,由图3所示,所合成的化合物具有较好的电化学性能,首次充电比容量达到190mAh/g,首次放电比容量达到190mAh/g,有图3由图4所示所合成材料在室温条件下具有较为稳定的循环性能,经过40次循环仍保持在173mAh/g左右,由图5所示,在高温50℃条件下循环50次后放电比容量仍保持在100mAh/g。
本发明提供一种动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法具有高效、快速、节能的特点,且通过该合成方法合成的三元正极材料NCA具有容量高、高温稳定、循环性能好、压实密度高、充电速度快等优点。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    (1)按照NCA三元正极材料分子式LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2中的计量比分别称取乙酸锂、乙酸镍、Co3O4、和Al2O3
    (2)将Co3O4和Al2O3进行均匀混合,加入分散剂后球磨分散,干燥后破碎过200目筛,得到过筛后的混合物;;
    (3)将步骤(2)中所制备的Co3O4和Al2O3混合物加入到乙酸锂、乙酸镍的混合溶液中形成混合溶液1,
    (4)向混合溶液1加入与柠檬酸,柠檬酸与乙酸锂、乙酸镍按摩尔比为2:1:1,进行配比,得到溶液2;
    (5)将溶液2用氨水调节pH为9,在60℃下持续搅拌直至形成紫色凝胶;
    (6)将得到的紫色凝胶在80~180℃下烘干即得前躯体固体粉末;并将得到的前躯体固体粉末在高温管式炉中进行分段煅烧,将煅烧后的材料进行研磨,即得动力型锂离子电池富锂三元正极材料。
  2. 如权利要求2所述的一种动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的分段煅烧即首先控制温度为350℃进行预煅烧3h,然后以5℃/min的速率升温至800℃煅烧7h。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述一种动力型、高容量改性NCA正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述Al2O3平均粒径≤200nm。
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