WO2018120697A1 - 发声装置的吸音件及其制备方法和发声装置模组 - Google Patents

发声装置的吸音件及其制备方法和发声装置模组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018120697A1
WO2018120697A1 PCT/CN2017/090646 CN2017090646W WO2018120697A1 WO 2018120697 A1 WO2018120697 A1 WO 2018120697A1 CN 2017090646 W CN2017090646 W CN 2017090646W WO 2018120697 A1 WO2018120697 A1 WO 2018120697A1
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Prior art keywords
sound absorbing
sound
layer
cotton body
absorbing cotton
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PCT/CN2017/090646
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘金利
曹晓东
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歌尔股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018120697A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120697A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of sound emitting devices, and in particular to a sound absorbing member of a sound emitting device, a preparation method thereof and a sound emitting device module.
  • the sounding device is an important component in an electronic product for converting a sound signal into a sound, and the overall structure of the sounding device becomes flatter in order to adapt to the external structure of the electronic product. This structural change will inevitably lead to a reduction in the volume of the acoustic back cavity, resulting in an increase in the resonant frequency of the speaker, a decrease in sensitivity, and an influence on the acoustic performance of the sounding device.
  • those skilled in the art attempt to reduce the resonance frequency of the sounding device by adopting a method of placing the sound absorbing material into the rear sound cavity.
  • those skilled in the art use sound absorbing cotton as a sound absorbing material, and although the sound absorbing cotton can exert a certain degree of effect, it still cannot satisfy the acoustic performance requirement of the sounding device.
  • the inventors of the present invention have also attempted to use a porous material such as activated carbon, natural zeolite powder or molecular sieve as a sound absorbing material to be filled into the rear acoustic cavity.
  • the internal microscopic pore structure of the porous material can quickly adsorb-desorb the gas in the back cavity, can significantly increase the virtual space of the rear acoustic cavity, reduce the resonant frequency of the speaker, and improve the sensitivity.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that the processing and assembly process of the porous material is complicated, and it is necessary to first form the porous material into a granular form and then package the particles into the box structure.
  • the casing structure also requires the design of a venting portion to allow air in the rear chamber to enter the casing structure.
  • a sound absorbing member for a sound emitting device comprising:
  • the sound absorbing cotton body has a skeleton structure
  • the sound absorbing material powder is attached to a surface of the skeleton structure of the sound absorbing cotton body, and the particles of the sound absorbing material powder have a nano-scale microporous structure and a mesoporous structure, and the microporous structure
  • the pore size is smaller than the pore diameter of the mesoporous structure
  • the elastic shock absorbing layer is disposed on the sound absorbing cotton body, and the elastic shock absorbing layer is configured to be fixedly connected to the sound absorbing device.
  • the elastic shock absorbing layer is adhesively fixed on the sound absorbing cotton body.
  • the elastic damping layer is composed of a partial region of the sound absorbing cotton body, and the sound absorbing material powder is attached to a partial region of the sound absorbing cotton body, and the sound absorbing cotton body is not attached with the sound absorbing material powder.
  • the elastic shock absorbing layer is composed of a partial region of the sound absorbing cotton body, and the sound absorbing material powder is attached to a partial region of the sound absorbing cotton body, and the sound absorbing cotton body is not attached with the sound absorbing material powder.
  • the microporous structure has a peak pore size ranging from 0.35 to 0.8 nm, the mesoporous structure has a peak pore diameter ranging from 2 to 10 nm, and the pore structure of the sound absorbing cotton body has a pore diameter distribution of 0.05-0.5. Between millimeters.
  • the particle diameter of the sound absorbing material powder is distributed between 0.5 and 5 micrometers, and the mass ratio of the sound absorbing material powder to the sound absorbing member is 80 to 95%.
  • the elastic shock absorbing layer and/or the sound absorbing cotton body is made of melamine foam, polyurethane foam or silicone foam, and the elastic shock absorbing layer has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 1 mm.
  • the sound absorbing cotton body is provided with two elastic damping layers, and the two elastic damping layers are respectively a bottom layer and a top layer of the sound absorbing cotton body.
  • the invention also provides a sounding device module, comprising:
  • a module housing having a rear acoustic cavity therein;
  • the sound generator assembly being disposed in the module housing;
  • the sound absorbing member of the sound emitting device is disposed in the rear sound chamber, and the elastic shock absorbing layer is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the rear sound chamber.
  • a gap is left between the sound absorbing cotton body and the inner surface of the rear acoustic cavity, and the slit has a width of 0.1 to 1 mm.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing a sound absorbing member of a sounding device, comprising: uniformly mixing a sound absorbing material powder with a binder, a solvent, a surfactant, and an auxiliary agent to form a supporting slurry; and providing a sound absorbing cotton body, Soaking the main body of the sound absorbing cotton in the supporting slurry; after the main body of the sound absorbing cotton adsorbs the supporting slurry, the main body of the sound absorbing cotton is taken out and dried; and a layer of elastic shock absorbing layer is arranged on the main body of the sound absorbing cotton.
  • a method for preparing a sound absorbing member of a sounding device comprising: uniformly mixing a sound absorbing material powder with a binder, a solvent, a surfactant, and an auxiliary agent to form a supporting slurry; and providing a sound absorbing cotton body, Soaking the main body of the sound absorbing cotton in the supporting slurry; after the main body of the sound
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that in the prior art, the use of sound absorbing cotton as a sound absorbing member has been able to improve the acoustic performance of the sounding device to a certain extent, and to compensate for the acoustic defects caused by the reduction of the volume of the rear acoustic cavity. Therefore, the technical task to be achieved by the present invention or the technical problem to be solved is not thought of or expected by those skilled in the art, so the present invention is a new technical solution.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a sound absorbing member of a sound emitting device provided in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sound absorbing member of a sound emitting device provided in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a sound absorbing member of a sound emitting device provided in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view of the sound emitting device module provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 4;
  • the invention provides a sound absorbing member for a sounding device, which has simple processing technology, low cost, and can satisfy the effect of reducing the resonance frequency of the sounding device and meet the acoustic performance requirements of the sounding device.
  • the sound absorbing member provided by the present invention has better reliability than the existing suction device.
  • the sound absorbing member comprises a sound absorbing cotton body 1, a sound absorbing material powder 2, and an elastic shock absorbing layer 3, as shown in FIG.
  • the sound absorbing cotton main body 1 is made of an elastic material having a skeleton structure, and the skeleton structure can greatly improve the surface area and sound absorbing ability of the sound absorbing cotton main body 1.
  • the sound absorbing cotton body 1 may be made of melamine foam, polyurethane foam or silica gel foam. In other embodiments, other similar foamed cotton may also be used as the sound absorbing cotton body by those skilled in the art, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • the peak diameter of the skeleton structure of the sound absorbing cotton body 1 may be distributed between 0.05 and 0.5 mm. The peak diameter of the skeleton structure is distributed in the region
  • the sound absorbing cotton main body 1 can have better structural stability and elasticity while providing a sufficient number of internal holes for the sound absorbing material powder 2 to be attached thereto.
  • the sound absorbing material powder 2 is attached to the surface of the sound absorbing cotton body, either on the outer surface or on the surface inside the skeleton structure.
  • the small particles of the sound absorbing material powder 2 have a multi-void structure characteristic, and the particles have a nano-scale microporous structure and a mesoporous mechanism.
  • the pore structure of the microporous structure is the smallest, the pore size of the mesoporous structure is slightly larger, and the mesoporous structure functions to connect a large number of micropores.
  • the sound absorbing material powder may be selected from activated carbon, natural zeolite powder, active silica, molecular sieve or a mixture of the above materials in a certain ratio.
  • the particle diameter of the particles of the sound absorbing material powder is distributed in a range of 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the microporous structure has a peak pore size ranging from 0.35 to 0.8 nanometers, and the mesoporous structure has a peak pore size ranging from 2 to 10 nanometers.
  • the pore size range of the microporous structure and the mesoporous structure is kept within the above range, and the ability of the sound absorbing material powder to adsorb and desorb gases and the response speed can be effectively improved.
  • the sound absorbing material powder accounts for 80-95% of the total mass of the sound absorbing member.
  • the sound absorbing material powder can sufficiently improve the sound absorbing ability of the sound absorbing cotton body, and improve the rear sound cavity of the sound absorbing device.
  • the virtual space enhances the ability of the sounding device to respond to sound signals.
  • the elastic shock absorbing layer 3 is provided on the sound absorbing cotton main body 1, and the elastic shock absorbing layer 3 usually occupies the surface of the sound absorbing cotton main body 1.
  • the sound absorbing cotton body 1 is generally of a rectangular structure, and the elastic shock absorbing layer 3 can occupy the bottom surface of the sound absorbing cotton body 1.
  • the elastic damping layer 3 is configured for fixed connection with the sounding device body, and the sound absorbing member is connected to the sounding device through the elastic damping layer 3, and other regions are not in direct contact with the sounding device.
  • the elastic shock absorbing layer may also be made of melamine foam, polyurethane foam or silica gel foam, and can achieve elastic buffering effect.
  • the thickness of the elastic shock absorbing layer is preferably between 0.1 and 1 mm. In other embodiments, the thickness of the elastic shock absorbing layer can be adjusted according to the actual performance of the sounding device.
  • the elastic damping layer 3 passes through the glue layer 31 .
  • the bonding is fixed to the bottom surface of the sound absorbing cotton body 1.
  • the elastic damping layer 3 is directly constituted by the sound absorbing cotton body 1.
  • the sound absorbing material powder 2 is adhered to the surface of the upper region of the sound absorbing cotton main body 1, and the sound absorbing material powder 2 is not attached to the region of the lower portion near the bottom surface.
  • the region where the sound absorbing material powder 2 is not attached can be directly used as the elastic shock absorbing layer 3.
  • the present invention does not limit the implementation of the above two elastic damping layers, and may be selected according to specific implementation conditions.
  • the top surface of the sound absorbing member when the sound absorbing member is assembled in the sounding device, the top surface of the sound absorbing member also contacts the housing of the sounding device.
  • the top surface and the bottom surface of the sound absorbing cotton body 1 may be provided with an elastic shock absorbing layer 3.
  • the two shock absorbing layers may be disposed on the sound absorbing cotton body in different processes, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • the elastic shock absorbing layer 3 on the top layer of the sound absorbing cotton main body 1 is directly composed of the sound absorbing cotton main body 1, and the elastic shock absorbing layer 3 located on the bottom layer of the sound absorbing cotton main body 1 is independently elastically damped by bonding.
  • the shock absorbing layer can provide a buffering function for the sound absorbing cotton body, reduce the risk of the sound absorbing material powder falling off from the sound absorbing cotton body, and improve the reliability of the sound absorbing device.
  • the present invention also provides a sounding device module.
  • the sounding device module includes a module housing 4, a sounder assembly 5, and the sound absorbing member.
  • the module housing 4 is configured to carry the sound generator assembly 5 and the sound absorbing member.
  • the module housing 4 has a rear sound chamber 41.
  • the sound generator assembly 5 is disposed in the module housing 4.
  • the rear acoustic chamber 41 communicates with the sounder assembly 5 in the module housing 4, and sound generated when the sounder assembly 5 is in operation can be transmitted to the rear acoustic chamber 41.
  • the sound absorbing member is disposed in the rear acoustic cavity 41, and the elastic shock absorbing layer may be fixedly connected to the inner surface of the rear acoustic cavity 41 by bonding or the like.
  • 1, 4 and 5 show a glue layer 31 on the lower side of the elastic shock absorbing layer 3, which can bond the elastic shock absorbing layer 3 to the inner surface of the rear sound chamber 41.
  • the sound absorbing material powder 2 is caused to fall off from the sound absorbing cotton main body 1, and a gap may be left between the sound absorbing cotton main body 1 and the inner surface of the rear sound chamber 41, and the slit is shown in Figs.
  • the width of the slit may be in the range of 0.1-1 mm. If the slit width is too small, the sound absorbing cotton may still collide with the inner surface of the rear acoustic cavity 41. If the slit width is too large, the volume of the sound absorbing cotton body is limited. , may not provide enough sound absorption.
  • the invention does not limit the width of the slit to be within the above range, which is a preferred range.
  • the width of the slit may also be larger or smaller in the case where the performance requirements of the actual sounding device module can be met.
  • the sound absorbing member provided by the invention has simple process of assembling on the module casing, avoids the secondary packaging process, and effectively reduces the assembly cost.
  • the shock absorbing layer can provide good mechanical protection, reduce the total amount of adhesive in the sound absorbing member, and improve the utilization rate of the sound absorbing material powder.
  • both the sound absorbing cotton body and the sound absorbing material powder have a sound absorbing function, which can jointly reduce the resonance frequency of the module, and the skeleton structure in the sound absorbing cotton body can be combined with the micropore structure in the sound absorbing material powder.
  • the pore structure cooperates to form a structure which is favorable for adsorption and desorption of gas molecules, and greatly improves the sound absorbing performance.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing a sound absorbing member of a sounding device, the method comprising: providing a sound absorbing material powder having a nanometer microporous structure and a mesoporous structure in a particle; and a sound absorbing material powder, a binder, and a solvent
  • the surfactant and the auxiliary agent are uniformly mixed to form a supporting slurry; the main body of the sound absorbing cotton is provided, and the main body of the sound absorbing cotton is immersed in the supporting slurry; after the main body of the sound absorbing cotton adsorbs the supporting slurry, the main body of the sound absorbing cotton Taking out and drying; a layer of elastic damping layer is disposed on the main body of the sound absorbing cotton to form a sound absorbing member.
  • the sound absorbing material powder may be made of a material such as activated carbon, natural zeolite powder, active silica, molecular sieve or the like, or a mixture of these materials.
  • the solvent used to form the supported slurry may be a solvent such as water, ethanol or acetone.
  • the adhesive is used for adhering and adhering the sound absorbing material powder to the surface of the sound absorbing cotton body, and the adhesive agent may be a silicone adhesive, an inorganic silicon adhesive, an acrylic adhesive, or the like. At least one of a urethane-based adhesive and an epoxy-based adhesive.
  • the amount of the binder is preferably controlled between 0.5 and 10% of the mass of the entire sound absorbing member.
  • the reduction in the amount of the binder can exert a greater degree of sound absorbing performance of the sound absorbing material powder.
  • the time during which the sound absorbing cotton body is immersed in the supporting slurry can be set according to specific performance requirements, and can also be used for sound absorption. After the cotton body is saturated, the main body of the sound absorbing cotton is taken out.
  • the elastic shock absorbing layer is a separate structure
  • the elastic shock absorbing layer may be adhered thereto through the adhesive layer.
  • the sound absorbing cotton main body can be subjected to surface treatment before being immersed in the supporting slurry to prevent the sound absorbing material powder from being adsorbed on a specific region.
  • the region to which the powder of the sound absorbing material is attached can be directly used as the elastic shock absorbing layer.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种发声装置的吸音件及其制备方法以及发声装置模组。该发声装置的吸音件包括：吸音棉主体，所述吸音棉主体具有骨架结构；吸音材料粉体，所述吸音材料粉体附着在所述吸音棉主体的骨架表面上，所述吸音材料粉体的颗粒中具有纳米级的微孔结构和介孔结构，所述微孔结构的孔径小于介孔结构的孔径；弹性减震层，所述弹性减震层设于所述吸音棉主体上，所述弹性减震层配置为与发声装置固定连接。本发明的一个技术效果是该吸音件在发声装置上的装配工艺简单，具有更高的可靠性。

Description

发声装置的吸音件及其制备方法和发声装置模组 技术领域
本发明属于发声装置技术领域，具体地，涉及一种发声装置的吸音件及其制备方法和发声装置模组。
背景技术
近年来，消费类电子产品发展迅速，轻薄化是电子产品的一种发展趋势，尤其体现在智能手机、平板电脑的厚度更薄。为了适应这种发展趋势，电子产品中的零部件也需要作出相应的结构改进。发声装置是电子产品中的重要部件，用于将声音信号转换成声音，为了适应电子产品的外形结构，发声装置的整体结构变得更扁平。这种结构改变必然造成声学后腔体积减小，导致扬声器谐振频率升高，灵敏度降低，影响发声装置的声学性能。
为了解决上述问题，本领域技术人员采用将吸音材料放入后声腔的方法，尝试降低发声装置的谐振频率。通常地，本领域技术人员是采用吸音棉作为吸音材料，虽然吸音棉能够起到一定程度的效果，但是仍不能满足发声装置的声学性能需求。本发明的发明人还尝试了使用活性炭、天然沸石粉、分子筛等多孔性材料作为吸音材料填充至后声腔中。多孔性材料的内部微观孔道构造能够对后腔的气体起到快速吸附-脱附的作用，能够明显增大后声腔的虚拟空间，降低扬声器的谐振频率，提高灵敏度。
但是，本发明的发明人发现，多孔性材料的加工、装配工艺复杂，需要先将多孔材料制成颗粒状，再将颗粒封装到盒体结构中。盒体结构上还需要设计透气部分，以使后腔中的空气能够进入盒体结构中。最后还需要将载有多孔性材料颗粒的盒体结构装配到后声腔中。可见这种解决方案的工艺复杂、产率较低，制作成本较高。
所以，有必要对多孔性材料作为吸音材料的方案进行改进，降低多孔性材料配置在发声装置中的工艺难度。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于发声装置的吸音件的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种发声装置的吸音件，包括：
吸音棉主体，所述吸音棉主体具有骨架结构；
吸音材料粉体，所述吸音材料粉体附着在所述吸音棉主体的骨架结构表面上，所述吸音材料粉体的颗粒中具有纳米级的微孔结构和介孔结构，所述微孔结构的孔径小于介孔结构的孔径；
弹性减震层，所述弹性减震层设于所述吸音棉主体上，所述弹性减震层配置为与发声装置固定连接。
可选地，所述弹性减震层粘接固定在所述吸音棉主体上。
可选地，所述弹性减震层由所述吸音棉主体的部分区域构成，所述吸音材料粉体附着在吸音棉主体的部分区域上，吸音棉主体上未附着有吸音材料粉体的区域作为所述弹性减震层。
可选地，所述微孔结构的峰值孔径范围为0.35-0.8纳米，所述介孔结构的峰值孔径范围为2-10纳米，所述吸音棉主体的骨架结构的孔径峰值分布在0.05-0.5毫米之间。
可选地，所述吸音材料粉体的颗粒粒径峰值分布在0.5-5微米之间，所述吸音材料粉体占所述吸音件的质量比为80-95％。
可选地，所述弹性减震层和/或吸音棉主体由三聚氰胺类泡棉、聚氨酯类泡棉或硅胶泡棉制成，所述弹性减震层的厚度范围为0.1-1毫米。
可选地，所述吸音棉主体上设有两个弹性减震层，两个所述弹性减震层分别为与吸音棉主体的底层和顶层。
本发明还提供了一种发声装置模组，包括：
模组壳体，所述模组壳体中具有后声腔；
发声器组件，所述发声器组件设置在所述模组壳体内；
上述发声装置的吸音件，所述吸音件设置在所述后声腔内，所述弹性减震层与所述后声腔的内表面固定连接。
可选地，所述吸音棉主体与所述后声腔的内表面之间留有缝隙，所述缝隙的宽度为0.1-1毫米。
本发明还提供了一种发声装置的吸音件的制备方法，包括：将吸音材料粉体与粘接剂、溶剂、表面活性剂、助剂均匀混合制成担载浆料；提供吸音棉主体，将吸音棉主体浸泡在所述担载浆料中；待吸音棉主体吸附担载浆料后，将吸音棉主体取出并烘干；在所述吸音棉主体上设置一层弹性减震层，制成吸音件。
本发明的发明人发现，在现有技术中，采用吸音棉作为吸音件已经能够在一定程度上提高发声装置的声学性能，弥补后声腔体积缩小带来的声学缺陷。因此，本发明所要实现的技术任务或者所要解决的技术问题是本领域技术人员未想到的或者没有预期到的，故本发明是一种新的技术方案。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明一种实施方式中提供的发声装置的吸音件的结构示意图；
图2是本发明另一种实施方式中提供的发声装置的吸音件的结构示意图；
图3是本发明另一种实施方式中提供的发声装置的吸音件的结构示意图；
图4是本发明提供的发声装置模组的侧面剖视示意图；
图5是图4的局部放大图。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
本发明提供了一种用于发声装置的吸音件，该吸音件的加工工艺简单，成本较低，并且能够满足降低发声装置谐振频率的效果，满足发声装置的声学性能要求。本发明提供的吸音件相对于现有的吸引器材具有更好的可靠性。所述吸音件包括吸音棉主体1、吸音材料粉体2以及弹性减震层3，如图1所示。
所述吸音棉主体1采用具有骨架结构的弹性材料制成，骨架结构能够大幅提高吸音棉主体1的表面积和吸音能力。可选地，所述吸音棉主体1可以采用三聚氰胺类泡棉、聚氨酯类泡棉或硅胶泡棉制成。在其它实施方式中，本领域技术人员也可以采用其它类似的发泡棉作为所述吸音棉主体，本发明不对此进行限制。优选地，所述吸音棉主体1的骨架结构的孔径峰值可以分布在0.05-0.5毫米之间。骨架结构的孔径峰值分布在该区 间内能够使吸音棉主体1具有更好的结构稳定性和弹性，同时能够提供足够多的内部孔道，供吸音材料粉体2附着在其上。
所述吸音材料粉体2附着在所述吸音棉主体的表面上，可以是在外表面上，也可以是在骨架结构内部的表面上。所述吸音材料粉体2的小颗粒具有多空隙的结构特点，颗粒中具有纳米级的微孔结构和介孔机构。所述微孔结构的孔径最小，介孔结构的孔径稍大，介孔结构起到了连通数量庞大的微孔的作用。
所述吸音材料粉体可以选用活性炭、天然沸石粉、活性二氧化硅、分子筛或者上述材料按照一定比例制成的混合物。优选地，所述吸音材料粉体的颗粒的粒径峰值分布在0.5-5微米的区间。优选地，所述微孔结构的峰值孔径范围在0.35-0.8纳米之间，而介孔结构的峰值孔径范围在2-10纳米之间。微孔结构和介孔结构的孔径范围保持在上述范围之内，能够有效提高吸音材料粉体吸附、脱附气体的能力和响应速度。优选地，所述吸音材料粉体占所述吸音件总质量的80-95％，在这个质量比例范围内，吸音材料粉体能够充分的提高吸音棉主体的吸音能力，提高发声装置的后声腔的虚拟空间，提高发声装置对声音信号的响应能力。
特别地，所述弹性减震层3设置在所述吸音棉主体1上，通常弹性减震层3会占据吸音棉主体1一侧的表面。例如，所述吸音棉主体1通常是矩形结构，则所述弹性减震层3可以占据吸音棉主体1的底面。所述弹性减震层3配置为用于与发声装置本体进行固定连接，所述吸音件通过弹性减震层3连接到发声装置上，其它区域不与发声装置直接接触。可选地，所述弹性减震层也可以由三聚氰胺类泡棉、聚氨酯类泡棉或硅胶泡棉制成，能够达到弹性缓冲的作用即可。也可以采用其它材料制成弹性减震层，本发明不对此进行限制。为了尽量减小吸音件占据的空间，同时保证吸音件具有足够的吸音效果，所述弹性减震层的厚度优选在0.1-1毫米之间。在其它实施方式中，可以根据发声装置的实际性能对所述弹性减震层的厚度进行调整。
可选地，在图1所示的实施方式中，所述弹性减震层3通过胶层31 粘接固定在所述吸音棉主体1的底面上。在图2所示的实施方式中，所述弹性减震层3直接由吸音棉主体1构成。吸音棉主体1上部区域的表面附着有吸音材料粉体2，而下部靠近底面的区域未附着有吸音材料粉体2。这样，未附着有吸音材料粉体2的区域就可以直接作为所述弹性减震层3。本发明并不对上述两种弹性减震层的实施情况进行限制，可以根据具体实施情况进行选择。
特别地，如图3所示，在一些实施方式中，当吸音件装配在发声装置内时，吸音件的顶面也会接触到发声装置的壳体。在这种情况下，为了提供减震保护，所述吸音棉主体1的顶层表面和底层表面上都可以设置有弹性减震层3。可选地，两个所述减震层可以采用不同的工艺设置在吸音棉主体上，本发明不对此进行限制。如图3所示，位于吸音棉主体1顶层的弹性减震层3直接由吸音棉主体1构成，而位于吸音棉主体1底层的弹性减震层3则通过粘接设置了独立的弹性减震层3。
在遇到振动、冲击的情况下，附着在吸音棉主体上的吸音材料粉体有脱落的风险。脱落的吸音材料粉体无法达到预期的吸音效果，而且有可能移动到发声装置内的其它区域，对其它部件的正常工作造成影响。所述减震层能够为所述吸音棉主体提供缓冲作用，减小吸音材料粉体从吸音棉主体上脱落的风险，提高发声装置的可靠性。
本发明还提供了一种发声装置模组，如图4所示，该发声装置模组包括模组壳体4、发声器组件5以及上述吸音件。所述模组壳体4用于承载所述发声器组件5和吸音件，模组壳体4具有后声腔41，所述发声器组件5设置在所述模组壳体4内。后声腔41与所述发声器组件5在模组壳体4中连通，发声器组件5工作时产生的声音能够传到所述后声腔41中。所述吸音件设置在所述后声腔41内，所述弹性减震层可以通过粘接等方式与所述后声腔41的内表面固定连接。图1、4、5示出了位于弹性减震层3下侧的胶层31，所述胶层31可以将弹性减震层3与后声腔41的内表面粘接固定。
优选地，为了避免吸音棉主体1与后声腔41的内表面之间发生碰撞， 导致吸音材料粉体2从吸音棉主体1上脱落，所述吸音棉主体1与后声腔41的内表面之间可以留有缝隙，图4、5中示出了缝隙。所述缝隙的宽度可选在0.1-1毫米的范围内，如果缝隙宽度过小，吸音棉仍有可能与后声腔41的内表面碰撞，如果缝隙宽度过大，则吸音棉主体的体积受到限制，可能无法提供足够的吸音效果。本发明并不限制所述缝隙的宽度必须在上述范围内，该范围是优选的范围。在能够满足实际发声装置模组的性能要求的情况下，所述缝隙的宽度也可以更大或更小。
本发明提供的吸音件装配在模组壳体上的工艺简单，避免了二次封装工艺，有效降低了装配成本。而减震层能够提供良好的机械性保护，降低了吸音件中整体的粘接剂用量，提高了吸音材料粉体的利用率。另一方面，吸音棉主体与吸音材料粉体都具有吸音功能，能够共同起到降低模组谐振频率的效果，并且吸音棉主体中的骨架结构能够与吸音材料粉体中的微孔结构、介孔结构配合形成有利于气体分子吸附、脱附的结构，大幅提高了吸音性能。
本发明还提供了一种发声装置的吸音件的制备方法，该方法包括：提供颗粒中具有纳米级微孔结构和介孔结构的吸音材料粉体；将吸音材料粉体与粘接剂、溶剂、表面活性剂、助剂均匀混合制成担载浆料；提供吸音棉主体，将吸音棉主体浸泡在所述担载浆料中；待吸音棉主体吸附担载浆料后，将吸音棉主体取出并烘干；在所述吸音棉主体上设置一层弹性减震层，制成吸音件。
吸音材料粉体可以由活性炭、天然沸石粉、活性二氧化硅、分子筛等材料或者这些材料的混合制成。用于形成担载浆料的溶剂可以是水、乙醇、丙酮等溶剂。所述粘接剂用于使吸音材料粉体粘接附着在吸音棉主体的表面上，所述粘接剂可以为有机硅类粘接剂、无机硅类粘接剂、丙烯酸类粘接剂、聚氨酯类粘接剂、环氧树脂类粘接剂中的至少一种。特别地，粘接剂的用量优选控制在整个吸音件的质量的0.5-10％之间。粘接剂用量的降低能够更大程度的发挥吸音材料粉体的吸音性能。吸音棉主体浸泡在所述担载浆料中的时间可以根据具体的性能要求进行设定，也可以在吸音 棉主体吸附饱和后再将吸音棉主体取出。
在弹性减震层是独立结构的实施方式中，待吸音棉主体烘干后，可以通过胶层将弹性减震层粘接在其上。而在吸音棉主体自身的一部分区域作为弹性减震层的实施方式中，所述吸音棉主体在浸入担载浆料之前可以进行表面处理，阻止吸音材料粉体在特定的区域上吸附。这样，为附着吸音材料粉体的区域可以直接作为弹性减震层。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种发声装置的吸音件，其特征在于，包括：
    吸音棉主体(1)，所述吸音棉主体(1)具有骨架结构；
    吸音材料粉体(2)，所述吸音材料粉体(2)附着在所述吸音棉主体(1)的骨架结构表面上，所述吸音材料粉体(2)的颗粒中具有纳米级的微孔结构和介孔结构，所述微孔结构的孔径小于介孔结构的孔径；
    弹性减震层(3)，所述弹性减震层(3)设于所述吸音棉主体(1)上，所述弹性减震层(3)配置为与发声装置固定连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发声装置的吸音件，其特征在于，所述弹性减震层(3)粘接固定在所述吸音棉主体(1)上。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的发声装置的吸音件，其特征在于，所述弹性减震层(3)由所述吸音棉主体(1)的部分区域构成，所述吸音材料粉体(2)附着在吸音棉主体(1)的部分区域上，吸音棉主体(1)上未附着有吸音材料粉体(2)的区域作为所述弹性减震层(3)。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任意之一所述的发声装置的吸音件，其特征在于，所述微孔结构的峰值孔径范围为0.35-0.8纳米，所述介孔结构的峰值孔径范围为2-10纳米，所述吸音棉主体(1)的骨架结构的孔径峰值分布在0.05-0.5毫米之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任意之一所述的发声装置的吸音件，其特征在于，所述吸音材料粉体(2)的颗粒粒径峰值分布在0.5-5微米之间，所述吸音材料粉体(2)占所述吸音件的质量比为80-95％。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意之一所述的发声装置的吸音件，其特征在于，所述弹性减震层(3)和/或吸音棉主体(1)由三聚氰胺类泡棉、聚氨酯类泡棉或硅胶泡棉制成，所述弹性减震层(3)的厚度范围为0.1-1毫米。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任意之一所述的发声装置的吸音件，其特征在于，所述吸音棉主体(1)上设有两个弹性减震层(3)，两个所述弹性减 震层(3)分别为与吸音棉主体(1)的底层和顶层。
  8. 一种发声装置模组，其特征在于，
    模组壳体(4)，所述模组壳体(4)中具有后声腔(4)；
    发声器组件(5)，所述发声器组件设置在所述模组壳体(4)内；
    权利要求1-7任意之一所述的发声装置的吸音件，所述吸音件设置在所述后声腔(4)内，所述弹性减震层(3)与所述后声腔(4)的内表面固定连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的发声装置模组，其特征在于，所述吸音棉主体(1)与所述后声腔(4)的内表面之间留有缝隙，所述缝隙的宽度为0.1-1毫米。
  10. 一种发声装置的吸音件的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
    提供颗粒中具有纳米级的微孔结构和介孔结构的吸音材料粉体(2)；将吸音材料粉体(2)与粘接剂、溶剂、表面活性剂、助剂均匀混合制成担载浆料；提供吸音棉主体(1)，将吸音棉主体(1)浸泡在所述担载浆料中；待吸音棉主体(1)吸附担载浆料后，将吸音棉主体(1)取出并烘干；在所述吸音棉主体(1)上设置一层弹性减震层(3)，制成吸音件。
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