WO2018098852A1 - 可低温固化的纳米金属墨水及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

可低温固化的纳米金属墨水及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2018098852A1
WO2018098852A1 PCT/CN2016/109920 CN2016109920W WO2018098852A1 WO 2018098852 A1 WO2018098852 A1 WO 2018098852A1 CN 2016109920 W CN2016109920 W CN 2016109920W WO 2018098852 A1 WO2018098852 A1 WO 2018098852A1
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nano
indium
silver
particles
ink
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潘毅
周洁
王毅
虞磊
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Nanjing University
Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing Tech University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
    • C09D11/38—Inkjet printing inks characterised by non-macromolecular additives other than solvents, pigments or dyes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/52—Electrically conductive inks

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of inkjet printing inks, and particularly relates to a nanometal ink which can be cured at a low temperature and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Inkjet printing is a non-contact, pressure-free, non-printing printing method. As a digital technology, it can be directly transferred to the base by computer control. Even if the graphic conversion is frequent, it can be easily realized. More importantly, Inkjet printing can truly achieve zero waste of ink materials. Moreover, the technology can also realize the preparation of a simple multi-layer board by layer printing.
  • the conductive ink used in the printed circuit can be classified into a metal conductive ink, a carbon conductive ink, and a polymer conductive ink depending on the main components.
  • Metal conductive ink has obvious advantages in electrical conductivity, so metal conductive ink is still a research hotspot in the field of conductive ink.
  • metal particles having a size of 1 to 100 nm have many special properties with great economic value.
  • the melting point of nano-metal particles is generally much lower than in normal mode, because nano-materials have a much larger surface area to volume ratio than normal materials, which makes the neighboring nanoparticles very easy to connect by metal bonds. stand up.
  • the metal conductive ink utilizes the low melting point of the nano metal, and is formed by mixing the nano metal particles with a dispersant, a solvent and other auxiliary additives. Nano-metal inks can be directly "printed” onto substrates by computer control. This technology can be widely used in printed circuit boards, infinite radio frequency identification (RFID), organic solar cells and printed batteries, etc.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • nano metal inks have not been widely used at present because the boards after printing are cured. Sintering treatment to remove solvents and other non-conductive additives. The temperature of the cure sintering limits the variety of available circuit board substrates to some extent. Many organic flexible substrates cannot withstand the temperature of curing and sintering, and excessive temperature causes damage to the board, which affects the conductivity of the board.
  • the present invention provides a low temperature curing nano metal ink and a preparation method thereof.
  • low-temperature curing nano-metal ink calculated by weight percentage, including the following components: nano metal particles: 40-60%; ink carrier: 40-60%; the nano metal particles are nano-indium and nano-silver
  • the mixture has a mass ratio of nano indium to nano silver of 1: (0.3 to 1); indium particles have a size of 10 to 20 nm, and silver particles have a size of 10 to 30 nm; and the ink carrier comprises the following components by weight: solvent 40 to 70%, dispersant: 10 to 20%, surfactant 1 to 15%, wetting agent 1 to 15%, and adhesive 1 to 10%;
  • the solvent is water, ethanol or ethylene glycol;
  • the dispersing agent is Polyvinylpyrrolidone or polymethacrylic acid; surfactant is stearic acid, triethanolamine, lauric acid or polyoxyethylene ether; wetting agent is diethylene glycol, glycerol or hexanediol; adhesive is phenolic resin, poly Styrene
  • the preparation method of the low-temperature-curable nano metal ink is as follows: dissolving the nano metal particles in a solvent, adding a dispersing agent, a surfactant, a wetting agent and an adhesive, and uniformly stirring to obtain an emulsion, and filtering the mixed cellulose using 0.45 ⁇ m.
  • the membrane-filtered emulsion gives a conductive ink.
  • the nano indium particles are prepared by dissolving indium chloride in n-hexane, magnetic indium and n-hexane in a mass ratio of 1: (2.5 to 4) under magnetic stirring, and then using four as a nonionic surfactant.
  • Polyethylene glycol monolauryl ether is added to the above solution, wherein the mass ratio of tetraethylene glycol monolaurate and indium chloride is 0.15:1 to 0.25:1, and the mixture is formed to contain a surfactant, an organic solvent and In 3 + microemulsion bundle molecular group, heated to 50 ° C, stirred, using excess sodium borohydride to reduce the metal indium to obtain nano indium particles, sodium borohydride and indium chloride molar ratio of 1:1 ⁇ 3:1 .
  • the nano silver particles are prepared by adding n-hexane to a silver nitrate distilled water solution having a mass percentage of 20% to 30% under magnetic stirring, and the volume ratio of n-hexane to distilled water is 2:1 to form a mixed solution; Thereafter, tetraethylene glycol monolauryl ether as a nonionic surfactant is added to the above solution, wherein the mass ratio of tetraethylene glycol monolaurate and silver nitrate is 0.15:1 to 0.25:1, and stirring is formed.
  • a microemulsion molecule group containing water molecules, a surfactant, an organic solvent, and Ag + is used to reduce the metal silver by using an excess of sodium borohydride to obtain nano silver particles, and the molar ratio of sodium borohydride to silver nitrate is 1:1. 2:1.
  • the nano metal ink prepared by the invention combines the advantages of low curing temperature of nano indium and small surface resistance of nano silver. Combining the two kinds of nanoparticles not only solves the problem of excessive curing and sintering temperature, but also ensures excellent electrical conductivity of the circuit after sintering.
  • the preparation of nano-metal inks and nano-indium and silver has no particularly demanding requirements on solvents, reagents, and experimental conditions, and the operation is simple and easy.
  • the ink is particularly suitable for the preparation of flexible electronic devices that require relatively high electrical conductivity.
  • the ink was heated and sintered in an oven at 80 ° C for 2 h, and naturally cooled to room temperature.
  • a uniform continuous conductive film (as shown in Figure 1) has been formed by scanning electron microscopy.
  • the surface resistance measured by the four-probe method was 0.2 m ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • Table 1 shows the comparison of the surface resistance at the same curing temperature for the inks prepared in Example 1 and Example 2 after 2 hours of curing and sintering treatment.
  • the host material of Example 1 was a mixture of nano silver and nano indium, and the host material of Example 2 was a single nano silver particle. As can be seen from Table 1, the conductivity of the ink of Example 1 was superior to that of Example 2 at a lower temperature.
  • indium chloride solid was weighed and dissolved in 20 mL of n-hexane to form a mixed solution. After stirring for a few minutes, 0.8 mL of tetraethylene glycol monolaurate was added as a nonionic surfactant. Stirring forms a microemulsion molecule cluster containing water molecules, surfactants, organic solvents, and In 3+ . The mixture was heated to 50 ° C, and 1.2 g of sodium borohydride was added to reduce the metal indium. A large number of bubbles are generated during the reduction process.
  • the ink was heated and sintered in an oven at 90 ° C for 2 h, and naturally cooled to room temperature.
  • the surface resistance measured by the four-probe method was 0.16 m ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • the nano indium particles are prepared by dissolving indium chloride in n-hexane, magnetic indium and n-hexane in a mass ratio of 1:2.5 under magnetic stirring, and then using tetraethylene glycol as a nonionic surfactant. Monolaurin was added to the solution in which the mass ratio of tetraethylene glycol monolaurate to indium chloride was 0.15:1. Formed was stirred, and the organic solvent of the microemulsion In 3+ micellar molecules contain a surfactant, heated to 50 °C, with stirring, an excess of sodium borohydride to restore them indium indium nano particles obtained, sodium borohydride and chlorine The molar ratio of indium is 1:1.
  • the nano silver particles are prepared by adding n-hexane to a silver nitrate distilled water solution having a mass concentration of 20% under magnetic stirring, and the volume ratio of n-hexane to distilled water is 2:1 to form a mixed solution;
  • a nonionic surfactant tetraethylene glycol monolauryl ether is added to the solution, wherein the mass ratio of tetraethylene glycol monolaurate and silver nitrate is 0.15:1, and the mixture is formed to contain water molecules, surfactants,
  • the organic solvent and the microemulsion micelles of Ag + were used to reduce the metallic silver using an excess of sodium borohydride to obtain nano silver particles, and the molar ratio of sodium borohydride to silver nitrate was 1:1.
  • the nano metal particles are dissolved in a solvent, and a dispersing agent, a surfactant, a wetting agent and an adhesive are added, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain an emulsion.
  • the emulsion is filtered using a 0.45 ⁇ m mixed cellulose filter to obtain a conductive ink.
  • Nano metal particles 40%; ink carrier: 60%; the nano metal particles are a mixture of nano indium and nano silver, the mass ratio is 1:0.3; the ink carrier comprises, by weight percentage, the following components: ethylene glycol (solvent, 70%), polymethacrylic acid (dispersant, 10%), lauric acid (surfactant, 15%), diethylene glycol (wetting agent, 1%) and polystyrene (adhesive, 4%) ).
  • the ink was heated and sintered in an oven at 80 ° C for 2 h, and naturally cooled to room temperature.
  • the surface resistance measured by the four-probe method was 0.3 m ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • the nano indium particles are prepared by dissolving indium chloride in n-hexane, magnetic indium and n-hexane in a mass ratio of 1:3.5 under magnetic stirring, and then using tetraethylene glycol as a nonionic surfactant. Monolaurin is added to the solution, wherein the mass ratio of tetraethylene glycol monolaurate and indium chloride is 0.2:1, and a microemulsion molecule group containing a surfactant, an organic solvent and In 3+ is stirred and heated.
  • the nano indium particles obtained by reducing the metal indium using an excess amount of sodium borohydride were stirred at 50 ° C, and the molar ratio of sodium borohydride to indium chloride was 2:1.
  • the nano silver particles are prepared by adding n-hexane to a silver nitrate distilled water solution having a mass percentage concentration of 28% under magnetic stirring, and the volume ratio of n-hexane to distilled water is 2:1 to form a mixed solution;
  • a nonionic surfactant tetraethylene glycol monolauryl ether is added to the solution, wherein the mass ratio of tetraethylene glycol monolaurate and silver nitrate is 0.2:1, and the mixture contains water molecules, surfactants,
  • the organic solvent and the microemulsion micelles of Ag + were used to reduce the metallic silver using an excess of sodium borohydride to obtain nano silver particles, and the molar ratio of sodium borohydride to silver nitrate was 1.5:1.
  • the nano metal particles are dissolved in a solvent, and a dispersing agent, a surfactant, a wetting agent and an adhesive are added, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain an emulsion.
  • the emulsion is filtered using a 0.45 ⁇ m mixed cellulose filter to obtain a conductive ink.
  • Nano metal particles 50%; ink carrier: 50%; the nano metal particles are a mixture of nano indium and nano silver, the mass ratio is 1:0.6; the ink carrier comprises, by weight percentage, the following components: ethanol (solvent) , 55%), polyvinylpyrrolidone (dispersant, 15%), polyoxyethylene ether (surfactant, 10%), glycerol (wetting agent, 10%) and polystyrene (adhesive, 10%) .
  • solvent solvent
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone disersant, 15%
  • polyoxyethylene ether surfactant, 10%
  • glycerol wetting agent, 10%
  • polystyrene adhesive, 10%
  • the ink was heated and sintered in an oven at 90 ° C for 2 h, and naturally cooled to room temperature.
  • the surface resistance measured by the four-probe method was 0.23 m ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • the nano indium particles are prepared by dissolving indium chloride in n-hexane, magnetic indium and n-hexane in a mass ratio of 1:3 under magnetic stirring, and then using tetraethylene glycol as a nonionic surfactant. Monolaurin is added to the solution, wherein the mass ratio of tetraethylene glycol monolaurate and indium chloride is 0.18:1, and a microemulsion molecule group containing a surfactant, an organic solvent and In 3+ is stirred and heated.
  • the nano indium particles obtained by reducing the metal indium using an excess amount of sodium borohydride were stirred at 50 ° C, and the molar ratio of sodium borohydride to indium chloride was 1.5:1.
  • the nano silver particles are prepared by adding n-hexane to a 25% by mass aqueous solution of silver nitrate under magnetic stirring, and the volume ratio of n-hexane to distilled water is 2:1 to form a mixed solution;
  • a nonionic surfactant tetraethylene glycol monolauryl ether is added to the solution, wherein the mass ratio of tetraethylene glycol monolaurate and silver nitrate is 0.22:1, and the mixture is formed to contain water molecules, surfactants, micellar and microemulsion organic solvent molecules to Ag +, using an excess of sodium borohydride to give out the reduction of silver metallic silver nanoparticles, sodium borohydride and the molar ratio of silver nitrate was 1.5: 1.
  • the nano metal particles are dissolved in a solvent, and a dispersing agent, a surfactant, a wetting agent and an adhesive are added, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain an emulsion.
  • the emulsion is filtered using a 0.45 ⁇ m mixed cellulose filter to obtain a conductive ink.
  • Nano metal particles 45%; ink carrier: 55%; the nano metal particles are a mixture of nano indium and nano silver, the mass ratio is 1:0.5; the ink carrier comprises, by weight percentage, the following components: ethylene glycol (solvent, 60%), polyvinylpyrrolidone (dispersant, 15%), polyoxyethylene ether (surfactant, 15%), diethylene glycol (wetting agent, 1%) and polystyrene (adhesive, 9 %).
  • solvent 60%
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone disersant, 15%
  • polyoxyethylene ether surfactant, 15%
  • diethylene glycol wetting agent, 1%)
  • polystyrene adhesive, 9 %).
  • the ink was heated and sintered in an oven at 90 ° C for 2 h, and naturally cooled to room temperature.
  • the surface resistance measured by the four-probe method was 0.25 m ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • the nano indium particles are prepared by dissolving indium chloride in n-hexane, magnetic indium and n-hexane in a mass ratio of 1:4 under magnetic stirring, and then using tetraethylene glycol as a nonionic surfactant. monolauryl ether added to the solution, wherein the mass ratio of tetramers laureth indium chloride and 0.25: 1, stirring form containing a surfactant, an organic solvent, and in 3+ microemulsion micellar molecules, heating The nano indium particles obtained by reducing the metal indium using an excess of sodium borohydride were stirred at 50 ° C, and the molar ratio of sodium borohydride to indium chloride was 3:1.
  • the nano silver particles are prepared by adding n-hexane to a silver nitrate distilled water solution having a mass percentage of 30% by magnetic stirring, and the volume ratio of n-hexane to distilled water is 2:1 to form a mixed solution;
  • a nonionic surfactant tetraethylene glycol monolauryl ether is added to the solution, wherein the mass ratio of tetraethylene glycol monolaurate and silver nitrate is 0.25:1, and the mixture is formed to contain water molecules, surfactants,
  • the organic solvent and the microemulsion micelle cluster of Ag + are used to reduce the metallic silver using an excess of sodium borohydride to obtain nano silver particles, and the molar ratio of sodium borohydride to silver nitrate is 2:1.
  • Nano metal particles 60%; ink carrier: 40%; the nano metal particles are a mixture of nano indium and nano silver, the mass ratio is 1:1; the ink carrier comprises, by weight percentage, the following components: ethanol (solvent) 40%), polymethacrylic acid (dispersant, 20%), lauric acid (surfactant, 15%), hexanediol (wetting agent, 15%) and phenolic resin (adhesive, 10%).
  • the ink was heated and sintered in an oven at 90 ° C for 2 h, and naturally cooled to room temperature.
  • the surface resistance measured by the four-probe method was 0.25 m ⁇ / ⁇ .

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Abstract

可低温固化的纳米金属墨水，包括：纳米金属颗粒、墨水载体；该纳米金属颗粒是纳米铟和纳米银的混合物；该墨水载体包括：溶剂、分散剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂和胶粘剂。还提供了该纳米金属墨水的制备方法及其在制备柔性电子器件中的应用。该纳米金属墨水结合了纳米铟固化温度低的优势和纳米银表面电阻小的优势，不仅可以解决固化烧结温度过高的问题，还保证了烧结后电路的优异的导电性能。

Description

可低温固化的纳米金属墨水及其制备方法和应用 技术领域：
本发明属于用于喷墨打印墨水技术领域，具体涉及一种可低温固化的纳米金属墨水及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
在过去的几年中，作为一个新兴的新材料、新能源和光电子的交叉产业，国际有机电子工业由于材料和工艺技术的创新而得到了飞速的发展，产品的实际应用也开始迅速渗入到各个市场领域。在全面商用产业化的进程中，有机电子还存在着许多有待突破的技术难点，其中包括印制电子产品，也就是印制有机聚合物薄膜表面上的金属电极材料。
印制电子产业除了传统的印刷方式之外，如丝网印刷、柔版印刷、凹版印刷、凸版印刷、胶版印刷、喷涂，新型印刷方式如喷墨印刷也在部分领域得到了应用。喷墨印刷是一种无接触、无压力、无印版的印刷方式，作为一种数字技术可经计算机控制直接将墨水转移到基上，即使图形变换再频繁也可以轻松实现，更重要的是喷墨印刷可以真正实现墨水原料的零浪费。而且该技术还可以通过层层打印实现简易多层板的制备。
印制电路所用的导电墨水根据主要成分的不同可以分为金属导电墨水，碳系导电墨水和高分子导电墨水。在导电性能上，金属导电墨水有着明显的优势，因此金属导电墨水依然是导电墨水领域的研究热点。
近几年，业界发现尺寸在1～100纳米的金属颗粒有许多具有巨大经济价值的特殊性能。例如，纳米金属颗粒的熔点普遍比其在正常型态下低很多，这是由于纳米材料比常态材料有着大得多的表面积/体积比，这使得邻边的纳米颗粒非常容易通过金属键而连接起来。金属导电墨水就是利用了纳米金属熔点低的特性，由纳米金属颗粒与分散剂、溶剂和其他辅助添加剂混合而成。纳米金属墨水可以通过计算机控制直接“打印”到基材上，这种技术可以广泛的应用于印制电路板，无限射频识别(RFID)，有机太阳能电池和印刷电池等诸多领域，为制造大面积、轻薄化、柔性化的电子电路提供了一个高效，绿色环保的技术解决方案。
但是，目前纳米金属墨水还没有被广泛的使用，原因在于打印之后的电路板要经过固化 烧结处理，以除去溶剂和其他非导电的添加剂。固化烧结的温度在一定程度上限制了可用的电路板基材的种类。很多有机柔性基板无法承受固化烧结的温度，过高的温度使得电路板受到损坏，从而影响了电路板的导电性。
为了解决传统的金属墨水造成的问题，我们在研究了不同纳米金属墨水的基础上，发现纳米铟和纳米银的混合墨水，既可以解决固化温度过高的问题，又可以保证优异的导电性能。
发明内容
解决的技术问题：为了解决固化烧结温度过高的问题，本发明提供了一种可低温固化的纳米金属墨水及其制备方法。
技术方案：可低温固化的纳米金属墨水，按重量百分比计算，包括如下组份：纳米金属颗粒：40～60％；墨水载体：40～60％；所述纳米金属颗粒是纳米铟和纳米银的混合物，纳米铟和纳米银的质量比为1:(0.3～1)；铟颗粒的尺寸为10～20nm，银颗粒尺寸为10～30nm；所述墨水载体按重量百分比计算包括以下组份：溶剂40～70％、分散剂：10～20％、表面活性剂1～15％、润湿剂1～15％和胶粘剂1～10％；所述溶剂为水、乙醇或乙二醇；分散剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或聚甲基丙烯酸；表面活性剂为硬脂酸、三乙醇胺、月桂酸或聚氧乙烯醚；润湿剂为二甘醇、丙三醇或己二醇；胶粘剂为酚醛树脂、聚苯乙烯或丙烯酸树脂。
可低温固化的纳米金属墨水的制备方法，步骤为：将纳米金属颗粒溶于溶剂中，加入分散剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂和胶粘剂后搅拌均匀得到乳液，使用0.45μm的混合纤维素滤膜过滤乳液即得到导电的墨水。
纳米铟颗粒的制备方法为：在磁力搅拌下，将氯化铟溶于正己烷，氯化铟和正己烷的质量比为1：(2.5～4)，然后将作为非离子表面活性剂的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚加入上述溶液中，其中四聚乙二醇单月桂醚和氯化铟的质量比为0.15:1～0.25:1，搅拌形成了含有表面活性剂、有机溶剂和In3+的微乳胶束分子团，加热至50℃，搅拌，使用过量的硼氢化钠将金属铟还原出来得到的纳米铟颗粒，硼氢化钠和氯化铟的摩尔比为1:1～3:1。
纳米银颗粒的制备方法为：在磁力搅拌下，往质量百分比浓度为20％～30％的硝酸银蒸馏水溶液中加入正己烷，正己烷和蒸馏水体积比为2:1，形成混合溶液；搅拌均匀后，将作为非离子表面活性剂的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚加入上述溶液中，其中四聚乙二醇单月桂醚和硝酸银的质量比为0.15:1～0.25:1，搅拌形成了含有水分子、表面活性剂、有机溶剂和Ag+的微乳胶束分子团，使用过量的硼氢化钠将金属银还原出来得到纳米银颗粒，硼氢化钠和硝酸银的摩尔比为1:1～2:1。
上述可低温固化的纳米金属墨水在制备柔性电子器件中的应用。
有益效果：本发明制得的纳米金属墨水，结合了纳米铟固化温度低的优势和纳米银表面电阻小的优势。将两种纳米颗粒组合，不仅可以解决固化烧结温度过高的问题，还保证了烧结后电路的优异的导电性能。此外，纳米金属墨水以及纳米铟和银的制备对溶剂、试剂、实验条件都没有特别苛刻的要求，操作简单易行。该墨水特别适用于制备对导电性能要求比较高的柔性电子器件。
具体实施方式
以上实例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人是能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1：
称取20g的氯化铟固体，加入90.0mL的正己烷，形成混合溶液，搅拌均匀后加入4mL的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚作为非离子表面活性剂。搅拌形成了含有表面活性剂、有机溶剂和In3+的微乳胶束分子团。加热至50℃，加入5g的硼氢化钠将金属铟还原出来。还原过程中产生大量气泡。
称取20g的硝酸银固体，加入50mL的蒸馏水溶解，磁力搅拌，然后加入100mL的正己烷，形成混合溶液，搅拌均匀后加入4mL的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚作为非离子表面活性剂。搅拌形成了含有水分子、表面活性剂、有机溶剂和Ag+的微乳胶束分子团。然后加入5g的硼氢化钠将金属银还原出来。还原过程中产生大量气泡。
称取9g纳米铟颗粒，3克纳米银颗粒，溶于12mL的蒸馏水中，加入3g的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为分散剂，加入1.5g三乙醇胺作为表面活性剂，加入0.9g丙三醇作为润湿剂，加入0.6g的丙烯酸树脂作为胶粘剂，搅拌30min，使用0.45μm的混合纤维素滤膜过滤乳液即得到可打印的墨水。
此墨水经打印后，在80℃烘箱内加热烧结2h，自然冷却到室温。经扫描电镜观测，已经形成了均匀连续的导电膜(如图1)所示。经四探针法测得表面电阻是0.2mΩ/□。
实施例2：
称取20g的硝酸银固体，加入50mL的蒸馏水溶解，磁力搅拌，然后加入100mL的正己烷，形成混合溶液，搅拌均匀后加入4mL的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚作为非离子表面活性剂。 搅拌形成了含有水分子、表面活性剂、有机溶剂和Ag+的微乳胶束分子团。然后加入5g的硼氢化钠将金属银还原出来。还原过程中产生大量气泡。
称取12g纳米银颗粒，溶于12mL的蒸馏水中，加入3g的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为分散剂，加入1.5g三乙醇胺作为表面活性剂，加入0.9g丙三醇作为润湿剂，加入0.6g的丙烯酸树脂作为胶粘剂，搅拌30min，使用0.45μm的混合纤维素滤膜过滤乳液即得到可打印的墨水。
表1为实施例1和实施例2配制的墨水，经过2小时的固化烧结处理，在相同的固化温度下，表面电阻的比较。实施例1的主体材料为纳米银和纳米铟的混合物，实施例2的主体材料为单一的纳米银颗粒。从表1可以看出，实施例1的墨水的在较低的温度下，导电性能优于实施例2。
表1两种纳米墨水在不同固化温度下的表面电阻
Figure PCTCN2016109920-appb-000001
实施例3：
称取约4.0g的氯化铟固体，溶于入20mL的正己烷，形成混合溶液，搅拌几分钟后加入0.8mL的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚作为非离子表面活性剂。搅拌形成了含有水分子、表面活性剂、有机溶剂和In3+的微乳胶束分子团。加热至50℃，加入1.2g的硼氢化钠将金属铟还原出来。还原过程中产生大量气泡。
称取2g的硝酸银固体，加入约5.0mL的蒸馏水溶解，磁力搅拌，然后加入10.0mL的正己烷，形成混合溶液，搅拌均匀后加入0.4mL的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚作为非离子表面活性剂。搅拌形成了含有水分子、表面活性剂、有机溶剂和Ag+的微乳胶束分子团。然后加入0.5g的硼氢化钠将金属银还原出来。还原过程中产生大量气泡。
称取1.0g纳米铟颗粒和1.0g纳米银颗粒溶于2.5mL的乙醇中，加入0.35g的聚甲基丙烯酸作为分散剂，加入0.3g硬脂酸作为表面活性剂，加入0.25g己二醇作为润湿剂，加入0.12g的酚醛树脂作为胶粘剂，搅拌30min，使用0.45μm的混合纤维素滤膜过滤乳液即得到可打印的墨水。
此墨水经打印后，在90℃烘箱内加热烧结2h，自然冷却到室温。经四探针法测得表面电阻是0.16mΩ/□。
实施例4
纳米铟颗粒的制备方法为：在磁力搅拌下，将氯化铟溶于正己烷，氯化铟和正己烷的质量比为1:2.5，然后将作为非离子表面活性剂的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚加入溶液中，其中四聚乙二醇单月桂醚和氯化铟的质量比为0.15:1。搅拌形成了含有表面活性剂、有机溶剂和In3+的微乳胶束分子团，加热至50℃，搅拌，使用过量的硼氢化钠将金属铟还原出来得到的纳米铟颗粒，硼氢化钠和氯化铟的摩尔比为1:1。
纳米银颗粒的制备方法为：在磁力搅拌下，往质量百分比浓度为20％的硝酸银蒸馏水溶液中加入正己烷，正己烷和蒸馏水体积比为2:1，形成混合溶液；搅拌均匀后，将作为非离子表面活性剂的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚加入溶液中，其中四聚乙二醇单月桂醚和硝酸银的质量比为0.15:1，搅拌形成了含有水分子、表面活性剂、有机溶剂和Ag+的微乳胶束分子团，使用过量的硼氢化钠将金属银还原出来得到纳米银颗粒，硼氢化钠和硝酸银的摩尔比为1:1。
将纳米金属颗粒溶于溶剂中，加入分散剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂和胶粘剂后搅拌均匀得到乳液，使用0.45μm的混合纤维素滤膜过滤乳液即得到导电的墨水。纳米金属颗粒：40％；墨水载体：60％；所述纳米金属颗粒是纳米铟和纳米银的混合物，质量比为1:0.3；所述墨水载体按重量百分比计算包括以下组份：乙二醇(溶剂，70％)、聚甲基丙烯酸(分散剂，10％)、月桂酸(表面活性剂，15％)、二甘醇(润湿剂，1％)和聚苯乙烯(胶粘剂，4％)。
此墨水经打印后，在80℃烘箱内加热烧结2h，自然冷却到室温。经四探针法测得表面电阻是0.3mΩ/□。
实施例5
纳米铟颗粒的制备方法为：在磁力搅拌下，将氯化铟溶于正己烷，氯化铟和正己烷的质量比为1:3.5，然后将作为非离子表面活性剂的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚加入溶液中，其中四聚乙二醇单月桂醚和氯化铟的质量比为0.2:1，搅拌形成了含有表面活性剂、有机溶剂和In3+的微乳胶束分子团，加热至50℃，搅拌，使用过量的硼氢化钠将金属铟还原出来得到的纳米铟颗粒，硼氢化钠和氯化铟的摩尔比为2:1。
纳米银颗粒的制备方法为：在磁力搅拌下，往质量百分比浓度为28％的硝酸银蒸馏水溶液中加入正己烷，正己烷和蒸馏水体积比为2:1，形成混合溶液；搅拌均匀后，将作为非离子表面活性剂的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚加入溶液中，其中四聚乙二醇单月桂醚和硝酸银的质量比为0.2:1，搅拌形成了含有水分子、表面活性剂、有机溶剂和Ag+的微乳胶束分子团，使用过量的硼氢化钠将金属银还原出来得到纳米银颗粒，硼氢化钠和硝酸银的摩尔比为1.5:1。
将纳米金属颗粒溶于溶剂中，加入分散剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂和胶粘剂后搅拌均匀得到乳液，使用0.45μm的混合纤维素滤膜过滤乳液即得到导电的墨水。纳米金属颗粒：50％；墨水载体：50％；所述纳米金属颗粒是纳米铟和纳米银的混合物，质量比为1:0.6；所述墨水载体按重量百分比计算包括以下组份：乙醇(溶剂，55％)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(分散剂，15％)、聚氧乙烯醚(表面活性剂，10％)、丙三醇(润湿剂，10％)和聚苯乙烯(胶粘剂，10％)。
此墨水经打印后，在90℃烘箱内加热烧结2h，自然冷却到室温。经四探针法测得表面电阻是0.23mΩ/□。
实施例6
纳米铟颗粒的制备方法为：在磁力搅拌下，将氯化铟溶于正己烷，氯化铟和正己烷的质量比为1:3，然后将作为非离子表面活性剂的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚加入溶液中，其中四聚乙二醇单月桂醚和氯化铟的质量比为0.18:1，搅拌形成了含有表面活性剂、有机溶剂和In3+的微乳胶束分子团，加热至50℃，搅拌，使用过量的硼氢化钠将金属铟还原出来得到的纳米铟颗粒，硼氢化钠和氯化铟的摩尔比为1.5:1。
纳米银颗粒的制备方法为：在磁力搅拌下，往质量百分比浓度为25％的硝酸银蒸馏水溶液中加入正己烷，正己烷和蒸馏水体积比为2:1，形成混合溶液；搅拌均匀后，将作为非离子表面活性剂的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚加入溶液中，其中四聚乙二醇单月桂醚和硝酸银的质量比为0.22:1，搅拌形成了含有水分子、表面活性剂、有机溶剂和Ag+的微乳胶束分子团，使用过量的硼氢化钠将金属银还原出来得到纳米银颗粒，硼氢化钠和硝酸银的摩尔比为1.5：1。
将纳米金属颗粒溶于溶剂中，加入分散剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂和胶粘剂后搅拌均匀得到乳液，使用0.45μm的混合纤维素滤膜过滤乳液即得到导电的墨水。纳米金属颗粒：45％；墨水载体：55％；所述纳米金属颗粒是纳米铟和纳米银的混合物，质量比为1:0.5；所述墨水载体按重量百分比计算包括以下组份：乙二醇(溶剂，60％)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(分散剂，15％)、聚氧乙烯醚(表面活性剂，15％)、二甘醇(润湿剂，1％)和聚苯乙烯(胶粘剂，9％)。
此墨水经打印后，在90℃烘箱内加热烧结2h，自然冷却到室温。经四探针法测得表面电阻是0.25mΩ/□。
实施例7
纳米铟颗粒的制备方法为：在磁力搅拌下，将氯化铟溶于正己烷，氯化铟和正己烷的质量比为1:4，然后将作为非离子表面活性剂的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚加入溶液中，其中四聚乙二醇单月桂醚和氯化铟的质量比为0.25:1，搅拌形成了含有表面活性剂、有机溶剂和In3+的微 乳胶束分子团，加热至50℃，搅拌，使用过量的硼氢化钠将金属铟还原出来得到的纳米铟颗粒，硼氢化钠和氯化铟的摩尔比为3：1。
纳米银颗粒的制备方法为：在磁力搅拌下，往质量百分比浓度为30％的硝酸银蒸馏水溶液中加入正己烷，正己烷和蒸馏水体积比为2：1，形成混合溶液；搅拌均匀后，将作为非离子表面活性剂的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚加入溶液中，其中四聚乙二醇单月桂醚和硝酸银的质量比为0.25:1，搅拌形成了含有水分子、表面活性剂、有机溶剂和Ag+的微乳胶束分子团，使用过量的硼氢化钠将金属银还原出来得到纳米银颗粒，硼氢化钠和硝酸银的摩尔比为2:1。
将纳米金属颗粒溶于溶剂中，加入分散剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂和胶粘剂后搅拌均匀得到乳液，使用0.45μm的混合纤维素滤膜过滤乳液即得到导电的墨水。纳米金属颗粒：60％；墨水载体：40％；所述纳米金属颗粒是纳米铟和纳米银的混合物，质量比为1:1；所述墨水载体按重量百分比计算包括以下组份：乙醇(溶剂，40％)、聚甲基丙烯酸(分散剂，20％)、月桂酸(表面活性剂，15％)、己二醇(润湿剂，15％)和酚醛树脂(胶粘剂，10％)。
此墨水经打印后，在90℃烘箱内加热烧结2h，自然冷却到室温。经四探针法测得表面电阻是0.25mΩ/□。

Claims (5)

  1. 可低温固化的纳米金属墨水，其特征在于按重量百分比计算，包括如下组份：纳米金属颗粒：40～60％；墨水载体：40～60％；所述纳米金属颗粒是纳米铟和纳米银的混合物，纳米铟和纳米银的质量比为1:(0.3～1)；铟颗粒的尺寸为10～20nm，银颗粒尺寸为10～30nm；所述墨水载体按重量百分比计算包括以下组份：溶剂40～70％、分散剂：10～20％、表面活性剂1～15％、润湿剂1～15％和胶粘剂1～10％；所述溶剂为水、乙醇或乙二醇；分散剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或聚甲基丙烯酸；表面活性剂为硬脂酸、三乙醇胺、月桂酸或聚氧乙烯醚；润湿剂为二甘醇、丙三醇或己二醇；胶粘剂为酚醛树脂、聚苯乙烯或丙烯酸树脂。
  2. 权利要求1所述可低温固化的纳米金属墨水的制备方法，其特征在于步骤为：将纳米金属颗粒溶于溶剂中，加入分散剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂和胶粘剂后搅拌均匀得到乳液，使用0.45μm的混合纤维素滤膜过滤乳液即得到导电的墨水。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述可低温固化的纳米金属墨水的制备方法，其特征在于所述纳米铟颗粒的制备方法为：在磁力搅拌下，将氯化铟溶于正己烷，氯化铟和正己烷的质量比为1：(2.5～4)，然后将作为非离子表面活性剂的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚加入上述溶液中，其中四聚乙二醇单月桂醚和氯化铟的质量比为0.15:1～0.25:1，搅拌形成了含有表面活性剂、有机溶剂和In3+的微乳胶束分子团，加热至50℃，搅拌，使用过量的硼氢化钠将金属铟还原出来得到的纳米铟颗粒，硼氢化钠和氯化铟的摩尔比为1:1～3:1。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述可低温固化的纳米金属墨水的制备方法，其特征在于所述纳米银颗粒的制备方法为：在磁力搅拌下，往质量百分比浓度为20％～30％的硝酸银蒸馏水溶液中加入正己烷，正己烷和蒸馏水体积比为2:1，形成混合溶液；搅拌均匀后，将作为非离子表面活性剂的四聚乙二醇单月桂醚加入上述溶液中，其中四聚乙二醇单月桂醚和硝酸银的质量比为0.15:1～0.25:1，搅拌形成了含有水分子、表面活性剂、有机溶剂和Ag+的微乳胶束分子团，使用过量的硼氢化钠将金属银还原出来得到纳米银颗粒，硼氢化钠和硝酸银的摩尔比为1:1～2:1。
  5. 权利要求1所述可低温固化的纳米金属墨水在制备柔性电子器件中的应用。
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