WO2018077143A1 - 一种心脏瓣膜假体 - Google Patents

一种心脏瓣膜假体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018077143A1
WO2018077143A1 PCT/CN2017/107380 CN2017107380W WO2018077143A1 WO 2018077143 A1 WO2018077143 A1 WO 2018077143A1 CN 2017107380 W CN2017107380 W CN 2017107380W WO 2018077143 A1 WO2018077143 A1 WO 2018077143A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
segment
support
cross
section
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PCT/CN2017/107380
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈志�
李毅斌
徐志云
宋智钢
李佳楠
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宁波健世生物科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2018077143A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018077143A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2412Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
    • A61F2/2418Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2442Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
    • A61F2/2445Annuloplasty rings in direct contact with the valve annulus
    • A61F2/2448D-shaped rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of medical instruments, and in particular relates to a heart valve prosthesis.
  • the mitral valve is located at the left atrioventricular septum and consists of five parts: the annulus, the leaflet, the chordae, the papillary muscle, and the junction.
  • the anatomically accurate name is the mitral apparatus or the mitral valve complex.
  • Mitral complex The mitral annulus is a fibrous tissue band attached to the edge of the left atrioventricular hole. It has an irregular "D" shape.
  • the first third of the mitral annulus is a continuous part of the anterior valve and the aorta.
  • the angle formed by the corresponding atrium and the mitral annulus is also different, and there is also the attachment of the left atrial appendage at the atrium.
  • Mitral dysfunction is one of the most common forms of heart disease, such as mitral regurgitation caused by mitral valve prolapse, such as mitral stenosis caused by valvular damage caused by rheumatic inflammation.
  • Mitral regurgitation can be divided into functional, degenerative or mixed. The most common are degenerative and functional mitral regurgitation. Functionality is generally secondary to left ventricular wall motor function impairment, left ventricular dilatation, papillary muscle dysfunction, generally seen in patients with heart failure. This part of the patient also included ischemic mitral regurgitation secondary to coronary heart disease and mitral regurgitation associated with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Degenerative mitral regurgitation is generally considered to be a pathological change in the structure of the valve, or a pathological change in the subvalvular structure, including abnormal extension or rupture of the chordae.
  • Mitral stenosis is the most common type of rheumatic valvular disease, and 40% of patients have simple mitral stenosis. Due to recurrent rheumatic fever, the early mitral valve is mainly composed of edema at the valve junction and its basal edema, inflammation and neoplasm (exudate), and gradually due to fibrin deposition and fibrosis during the healing process. Adhesion, fusion, valve thickening, roughness, hardening, calcification, and shortening and mutual adhesion of the chordae tendine are formed at the junction of the anterior and posterior leaflets, limiting the valve's ability to move and opening, resulting in narrowing of the valve. Other common causes include senile mitral annulus or subarachnoid calcification, congenital stenosis, and connective tissue disease.
  • mitral valve replacement and mitral valve repair Traditional treatments for mitral valve disease include medications for mild to severe reflux, and surgical procedures with corresponding surgical indications. Among them, surgical methods also include mitral valve replacement and mitral valve repair. In the surgical method, the typical thoracotomy and open surgery are too invasive, and it is necessary to establish extracorporeal circulation, which has a high incidence of complications and infection. Many patients can't stand the huge surgical risks and can only wait for death. In order to reduce the risk of surgery, transcatheter interventional replacement and repair procedures have been developed.
  • Patent CN102639179B and US Pat. No. 8,449,599 describe a prosthetic device for mitral valve replacement by Edwards Lifesciences for implantation into the native mitral valve region of the heart, which has a natural ring and a native valve leaflet.
  • the prosthetic device includes a tubular body including a lumen for flowing blood therethrough, an atrial end and a ventricular end, and configured for placement within the natural annulus, the body being radially compressible to radial a compressed state for delivery into the heart and self-expandable from the compressed state to a radially expanded state; at least one fastener attached to the body and external to the body, the fixture and the The body is coupled such that when the body is in an expanded state, the at least one fastener is configured to hook around the natural leaflet, defining a leaflet-receiving space between the at least one fastener and the body; An annular flange portion extending radially outward from an atrial end of the body, the annular flange portion including an atrial seal, the atrium when the prosthetic device is implanted The seal prevents blood from flowing over the atrial end of the body on the exterior of the body.
  • the natural leaflet will be flatly placed on the outer side of the blood passage of the stent main body and the anchor Between the inner sides of the device, the firmness of the fixation is completely dependent on the friction between the fastener and the body, and after being clamped, the native valve is always in the open position of the leaflet during diastole and In the unfolded state, the large-area ring blocks the blood flow from the left ventricular outflow tract, so that the blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta during this period is partially blocked and returned to the left ventricle. After long-term implantation, the heart will appear. Affliction and other diseases.
  • Patent CN201180020556 describes a mitral valve prosthesis of Medtronic, the prosthesis comprising an inner support structure having a downstream portion and an upstream portion, wherein the upstream portion has a cross-sectional area greater than the downstream portion, the inner portion
  • the support structure is configured to be at least partially positioned on the atrial side of the native valve complex and exert an axial force toward the left ventricle; and an outer support structure having two or more engagement arms, Wherein the engagement arm is coupled to the inner support structure, wherein the prosthesis is configured to clamp a portion of a leaflet of a native valve between the inner support structure and the engagement arm upon implantation thereof.
  • the patient's original mitral valve is grasped by the upstream portion of the larger cross-sectional area against the mitral annulus and by the engagement arms of the outer support structure.
  • the stent still adopts a cylindrical symmetrical structure as a whole, so the doctor still needs to select a larger valve to provide sufficient support force during the operation.
  • the huge valve diameter greatly blocks the blood supply to the left ventricular outflow tract, the aorta
  • the flow rate of the valve mouth is increased, the pressure is increased, and the heart failure condition is prone to occur for a long time.
  • the larger valve diameter directly fits the annulus directly, compressing nearby tissue including the aortic annulus.
  • Patent CN201610074782 provides a D-shaped interventional artificial heart valve, comprising a bracket, a leaflet disposed on the inner side of the bracket and a film disposed on the wall of the bracket, the bracket comprising a first sub-bracket and a second sub-bracket connected in sequence Third
  • the sub-bracket, the first sub-bracket is a mesh tube
  • the second sub-bracket is a mesh tube having a D-shaped cross section
  • the third sub-bracket is a trumpet-shaped mesh tube.
  • the maximum diameter of the first sub-bracket is the same as the diameter of the second sub-bracket
  • the minimum diameter of the third sub-bracket is the same as the diameter of the second sub-bracket.
  • the problem with this technique is that even if the stent cross-section is changed to D-shape, the entire mesh structure is directly used to contact the mitral annulus, but the surrounding tissue is still pressed; meanwhile, the first sub-stent of the technique
  • the maximum diameter of the tube is the same as the diameter of the second sub-stent, meaning that the cross-section of the stent will still be at least equal to the diameter of the mitral annulus, and the effect of the huge stent itself on the outflow tract still exists; finally, the second in the technique
  • the sub-stent is set to a D shape, and the leaflets are sutured on the stent, and the non-circular area must affect the conformation state after the leaflets are sutured.
  • the technique does not specifically disclose the way of suturing the flap, we can still see that the leaflet is a trilobate from its map. Therefore, non-circular sutures will be detrimental to leaflet closure performance and long-term leaflet fatigue.
  • Patent US20160074160 discloses a valve stent structure comprising an expanded outer stent made of a shape memory alloy and an inner stent made of a shape memory alloy; the inner stent is composed of two parts, the first part being expanded in an initial state.
  • the second part is a compressed structure, the artificial valve is arranged in the first part of the inner bracket, the second part is also provided with a tether; the inner bracket is fixedly connected with the outer bracket.
  • the problem with this solution is that the inner and outer two-layer brackets are separately processed and then fixed, which will inevitably cause the brackets to overlap.
  • the diameter of the sheath is increased, and on the other hand, the step formed at the joint is not conducive to re-incision and re-recycling.
  • Overlapping connections increase the risk of failure at the joint, such as seam breakage, bracket contact corrosion, and the like.
  • the valve stent is designed as a symmetrical structure. Doctors often choose the valve size equivalent or larger than the patient's mitral valve's own annulus to meet the mitral valve contour. Not only the huge stent itself will flow out.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the limitations of the prior art, and to provide a heart valve prosthesis for a patient requiring occlusion of the mitral regurgitation or stenosis, and the asymmetric eccentric structure used in the present invention can not only reduce the stent release.
  • the product of the present invention has high safety for the purpose of adjustment, accurate positioning and firm anchoring.
  • a heart valve prosthesis comprising a stent and a prosthetic valve, the stent comprising an atrial segment and a valve suture, the prosthetic valve being fixedly attached to the valve suture, the distal end of the valve suture a portion of the skeleton extends to form a support segment, the support segment is integral with the valve segment, one end of the atrial segment is connected to the distal end of the support segment, and the other end of the atrial segment is free, in a vertical
  • the valve suture segment is located in the support segment, the center of the valve suture segment does not coincide with the center of the support segment, and the cross section of the support segment
  • the area is larger than the cross-sectional area of the valve segment, the cross-sectional area of the atrial segment being greater than the cross-sectional area of the support segment, the cross-sectional area of the valve segment being smaller than the cross-section of the patient's native valve annulus
  • the area, in the free state, is at least partially
  • the support section is eccentric with respect to the valve staking section in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the prosthetic valve, when the heart valve prosthesis is placed to a target position,
  • the distance from the outer edge of the support segment located in the anterior valve region of the native leaflet to the center of the valve staking segment is greater than or equal to the outer edge of the support segment located in the posterior valve region of the native leaflet to the valve sew The distance from the center of the segment.
  • the projection of the support section is an annular structure in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the prosthetic valve, the annular structure being a toroidal structure, an elliptical annular structure or a D-ring structure.
  • a notch is provided on the toroidal structure, elliptical ring structure or D-ring structure.
  • the outer edge of the valve sew section is inscribed on the outer edge of the support section in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the prosthetic valve.
  • valve suture segment is a cylindrical grid structure, or the valve suture segment is a cylindrical wave-like structure.
  • the support section is shaped from a partial skeleton of the distal portion of the valve staking section.
  • the support section is shaped by a portion of the shaft in the skeleton of the distal portion of the valve suture, or the support segment is framed by the distal portion of the valve suture Part of the wave is shaped. More preferably, reinforcing waves are disposed between adjacent members to strengthen the lateral supporting force between the members.
  • the rod is located between adjacent waves in the undulating structure of the valve-sewing section, or the rod is in the grid structure of the valve-sewing section The extension of the crest.
  • the support section is provided with a barb that penetrates into the patient's native mitral valve tissue in a free state.
  • the support section is provided with a plurality of curved sections. In the free state, the support section is partially located within the patient's native annulus, and the other part is located below the patient's native annulus, below the patient's native annulus. The expanded diameter of the support segment is greater than the diameter of the patient's native annulus.
  • the support section is coated with a film.
  • the atrial segment is integral with the support segment and the atrial segment is an extension of the distal end of the support segment.
  • the periphery of the atrial segment is further provided with a leakage preventing device having a skeleton made of a shape memory alloy and covered with a membrane, the leakage preventing device being flexible and capable of conforming to the mitral valve Uneven contour of the annulus.
  • the most distal end of the prosthetic valve is 1 to 10 mm above the junction of the support segment and the valve segment.
  • the atrial segment is capable of conforming to the uneven contour of the patient's own atrial lumen wall and the valve annulus.
  • the proximal end of the valve suture is provided with a constriction member, the distal end of the constriction member being coupled to the proximal end of the valve suture, the proximal diameter of the constriction member Less than the diameter of the valve segment.
  • the constricting member is detachably coupled to the valve segment.
  • the necking member is made of a degradable material, or the necking member portion is made of a degradable material.
  • the constricting member is an extension of a proximal skeletal structure of the valve staking section, the proximal ends of the constricting members being joined together, in the free state, the constricting members The proximal end is fixed at the target position.
  • the necking member is flexible. More preferably, the necking member is a wave-like structure. More preferably, the necking member is a wire.
  • the necking member is an extension of a proximal skeletal structure of the valve sew section, and a connecting rod is disposed at an end of the necking member, one end of the connecting rod and the The end of the necking member is connected, and the other end of the connecting rod is fixed at the target position in the free state.
  • the connecting rod is a flexible rod or the connecting rod is a combination of a flexible rod and a rigid rod. More preferably, the connecting rod is made of a degradable material, or the connecting rod portion is made of a degradable material.
  • the connecting rod is provided as a spring-like structure, or the flexible rod of the connecting rod is a spring-like structure. More preferably, the surface of the spring-like structure is coated with a polymer film. More preferably, the spring-like structure is provided with a non-retractable member, and both ends of the non-retractable member are respectively connected to both ends of the spring-like structure, so that the spring-like structure cannot generate an axial direction. Telescopic.
  • the proximal end portion of the connecting rod is provided with a fixing member.
  • the fixing member is two large and small intermediate brackets, and the bracket is shaped by Nitinol wire weaving.
  • the proximal end portion of the connecting rod is a hollow tube, and the wall of the hollow tube is provided with a hole, and in the free state, the most distal end of the fixing member is from the hole Wear the piercing target position.
  • the necking member is a wire member, a rod member or a belt member. More preferably, the necking member is a combination of a flexible member and a rigid member. In the free state, the free end of the necking member is fixed at the target position.
  • the necking member is made of a degradable material, or the necking member portion is made of a degradable material.
  • the proximal end of the valve segment is provided with a leaflet holder, the proximal end of the leaflet holder being fixedly coupled to the valve segment, in a natural state, the patient's native flap The leaf is clamped between the leaflet holder and the valve suture.
  • the distal end of the leaflet holder is provided with a connecting line by which the leaflet holder can be wound around the leaflet holder and the valve slit The joint of the section is turned over.
  • the leaflet holder is provided with a barb.
  • one end of the connecting wire is detachably coupled to the distal end of the leaflet holder.
  • the skeleton of the distal end portion of the valve suture segment of the present invention extends to form a support segment, the valve suture segment being located in the support segment in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the prosthetic valve.
  • the center of the valve suture segment does not coincide with the center of the support segment, and the support segment is eccentric with respect to the valve segment, such that the valve segment is biased toward the patient's mitral valve in a free state.
  • the posterior flap region resulting in an asymmetric eccentric effect, not only reduces the requirement for the cross-sectional area of the stent itself to reduce the effect on the left ventricular outflow tract, but also reduces the association between the valve design and the tissue contour of the implant site. To optimize valve performance, manufacturers can reduce product specifications.
  • valve suture segment When the heart valve prosthesis is used for tricuspid annuloplasty, the valve suture segment is biased toward the septal region of the patient's tricuspid valve in a free state, which is beneficial to the stent to be able to adhere to the thick region of the muscle tissue, and the anchoring effect More ideally, the valve movement is more stable.
  • the support section and the valve sewing section of the present invention are integrated into one structure, which is different from the structure in which the inner and outer two-layer brackets are respectively processed and then overlapped and seamed and connected, and the integrated structure is reduced on the one hand.
  • the diameter of the sheath is small, and the design of the step without the step makes the re-incision and re-recycling more convenient, and finally eliminates the risk of suture breakage and improves safety.
  • the cross-sectional area of the valve suture segment of the present invention is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the patient's native valve annulus, and the partial skeleton of the distal portion of the valve suture segment is extended and shaped to form a support segment, the support segment In the free state, at least partially between the patient's native annulus.
  • the distal end of the prosthetic valve is 1 to 10 mm higher than the connection between the support section and the valve-slit section, which is different from the depth formed between the inner and outer brackets in the prior art.
  • the narrow gap, the invention can greatly improve the blood flow movement, is not easy to form eddy currents and blood clots, avoids the thrombus falling into the circulating blood vessels of the body to form an embolism, and improves safety.
  • the proximal end of the valve suture segment of the present invention is provided with a constricting member, which can play a controlled release function, and allows the stent to be re-introduced and withdrawn, thereby greatly improving the safety of the product.
  • the connecting rod on the necking or necking member can be fixed on the apical tissue or other heart tissue or the surgical incision pad, which can prevent the stent from shifting and slipping, and strengthen the anchoring effect. .
  • the necking member of the present invention is detachably coupled to the valve sewing section. In this way, under the premise of ensuring controlled release of the stent, the constricted component can be withdrawn from the body, greatly reducing the implant, reducing contact and stimulation to the atrium, facilitating the evacuation of the delivery system, and eliminating Limitation of implantation of the mid-valve flap.
  • the periphery of the atrial section of the present invention is further provided with a leakage preventing device having a skeleton made of a shape memory alloy and coated with a film, and the leakage preventing device is flexible, so that the cusp can be adapted
  • the uneven contour of the annulus reduces the pressure on the aorta and left atrium while reducing reflux.
  • the proximal end of the valve suture segment of the present invention is provided with a leaflet clamping member capable of clamping the patient's leaflets to prevent the patient's native valve leaflets from being pushed to the left ventricular outflow tract, further reducing the influence on the outflow tract.
  • the leaflet holder end is provided with a connecting line, one end of the connecting line is connected to the distal end of the leaflet holding member, and the other end of the connecting line is connected with the conveying handle, through the connection
  • the pulling of the wire can realize that the leaflet clamping member is turned around the connection between the leaflet clamping member and the valve sewing segment, and the design has the advantages that the clamping can be repeated according to the leaflet clamping effect, and This allows the entire device to re-enter the sheath and improve surgical safety.
  • Figures 1a-1c show schematic views of a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein Figure 1b is a top view of Figure 1a.
  • Figures 2a and 2b show schematic views of the present invention in a patient's mitral valve implantation site.
  • FIGS 3a-3e show schematic views of various embodiments of the invention.
  • Figures 4a-4e show schematic views of various embodiments of the present invention, wherein Figure 4c is a stent cutaway view of Figure 4d.
  • FIGS 5a-5c show schematic views of various embodiments of the central compartment of the present invention.
  • FIGS 6a-6c show schematic views of various embodiments of the invention.
  • Figures 7a-7c show schematic views of another preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein Figure 7b is a top view of Figure 7a.
  • Figures 8a-8c illustrate stent cutaway views of various embodiments of the present invention
  • Figures 8d-8e illustrate schematic views of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIGS 9a-9d show schematic views of various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS 10a-10c show schematic views of various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS 11a-11d show schematic views of various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS 12a-12b show schematic views of another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 13a-13e show schematic views of another preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein Figure 13b is a stent cut view of Figure 13a and Figure 13c is a top view of Figure 13a.
  • FIGS 14a-14c show schematic views of various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS 15a-15g show schematic views of various embodiments of the invention.
  • 16a-16e show schematic views of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIGS 17a-17d show schematic views of one embodiment of the invention.
  • the distal end of the present invention refers to the end away from the apex, and the proximal end refers to the end that is close to the apex.
  • a heart valve prosthesis 100 includes a stent 110 and a prosthetic valve 120, the stent 110 including an atrial segment 111 and a valve suture segment 112, the prosthetic valve 120 being fixedly coupled thereto On the valve suture segment 112, the skeleton of the distal end portion of the valve suture segment 112 extends to form a support segment 113, the support segment 113 being integral with the valve suture segment 112, one end of the atrial segment 111 Connected to the distal end of the support segment 113, the other end of the atrial segment 111 is free, and in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the prosthetic valve 120, the projection of the support segment 113 is an annular structure, the valve The sewed section 112 is located in the support section 113, the center 1120 of the valve sew section 112 does not coincide with the center 1130 of the support section 113, and the cross-sectional area of the support section 113 is larger than the valve sew
  • the stent as a whole still adopts a cylindrical symmetrical structure, so the doctor needs to select a larger valve to provide sufficient support during the operation, the huge valve
  • the diameter greatly blocks the blood supply to the left ventricular outflow tract, the aortic valve mouth flow rate is increased, the pressure is increased, and the heart failure condition is prone to occur for a long time.
  • the larger valve diameter is directly All attached to the annulus will compress nearby tissue including the aortic annulus.
  • the support section 113 is eccentric with respect to the valve-segmented section 112 in a cross-section perpendicular to the central axis of the prosthetic valve such that The valve suture segment 112 is biased toward the posterior valve region of the patient's mitral valve in a free state.
  • the advantage of this design is that the asymmetric eccentric structure not only reduces the requirement of the cross-sectional area of the stent itself after release to reduce the influence on the left ventricular outflow tract, but also reduces the correlation between the valve design and the tissue contour of the implant site. To optimize valve performance, manufacturers can reduce product specifications.
  • the valve segment when the heart valve prosthesis is used for tricuspid interventional replacement, the valve segment is biased toward the septum region of the patient's tricuspid valve in a free state, which facilitates the stent to be in close contact with the muscle.
  • the thick tissue area, the anchoring effect is more ideal, and the valve movement is more stable.
  • the present invention simplifies the release step and improves the surgical success rate under the same effect of ensuring that the left ventricular outflow tract is not blocked.
  • the projection of the support section 113 is an annular structure in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the prosthetic valve, and the annular structure is a circular ring structure. Or an elliptical annular structure, the geometric center 1130 of the annular structure does not coincide with the center 1120 of the valve-sewed section 112. As another embodiment, as shown in FIG.
  • the region of the anterior valve region of the native leaflet is greater than or equal to the distance from the outer edge of the support segment 113 located in the posterior valve region of the native leaflet to the center 1120 of the valve segment, for example
  • the annular structure is a D-ring structure. In the free state, the flat region of the D-ring structure is biased in the circumferential direction toward the front flap region of the mitral valve, and the curved region of the D-shaped structure is in the circumference.
  • a notch is provided on the toroidal structure, the elliptical ring structure or the D-ring structure 113.
  • the valve suture segment 112 is a cylindrical grid structure, or the valve suture segment 112 is a cylindrical wave-like structure.
  • the support section 113 is further shaped by a partial skeleton of the distal portion of the valve-sewed section 112.
  • the support section 113 is shaped by a portion of the rods 1121 in the skeleton of the distal portion of the valve-sewed section 112, or the support section 113 is in the skeleton of the distal portion of the valve-segmented section 112.
  • the partial wave 1122 is shaped, and the wave 1122 is zigzag or wavy.
  • the support section 113 is provided with a barb 1131 which penetrates into the patient's native mitral valve tissue in a free state.
  • the atrial segment 111 is a petal-like structure woven by a shape memory alloy (Fig. 5a), a star structure (Fig. 5b), and a wavy structure (Fig. 5c). Or grid structure.
  • Fig. 5a one end of the atrial segment 111 is connected to the distal end of the support segment 113, and the other end of the atrial segment 111 is free.
  • a connecting hole 1132 is disposed on the skeleton of the distal end of the supporting section 113.
  • One end of the atrial section 111 is connected to the distal end of the support section 113 through the connecting hole 1132.
  • the atrial segment 111 is circumferentially different from the angle of the prosthetic valve plane, and the angle between the atrial segment 111 located in the anterior mitral valve region and the axial direction of the valve segment 112 is axially ⁇ is smaller than the axial angle ⁇ between the atrial segment 111 located in the posterior mitral valve region and the valve segment 112. Since the spatial structure of the mitral annulus is a saddle-shaped structure, the atrium is designed such that Segment 111 is capable of adhering to the patient's atrial tissue in a free state, conforming to the patient's own atrial cavity wall and the uneven contour of the valve annulus.
  • the atrial segment 111 is coated, and the membrane material comprises a metallic material, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester or animal derived material.
  • a heart valve prosthesis 200 includes a stent 210 and a prosthetic valve 220, the stent 210 including an atrial segment 211 and a valve-segmented segment 212, the prosthetic valve 220 being fixedly coupled thereto
  • the skeleton of the distal end portion of the valve suture segment 212 extends to form a support segment 213, which is integral with the valve suture segment 212, as compared to prior art
  • the structure of the inner and outer two-layer brackets is processed separately and then overlapped and sewed, and the integrated structure of the invention reduces the diameter of the sheath on the one hand, and the stepless design on the other hand makes the re-incision and re-recycling more convenient.
  • One end of the atrial segment 211 is connected to the distal end of the support segment 213, and the other end of the atrial segment 211 is free.
  • the projection of the support segment 213 is perpendicular to a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the prosthetic valve 220.
  • the center 2120 of the valve-sewed section 212 does not coincide with the center 2130 of the annular structure, and the outer edge of the valve-sewed section 212 is inscribed in the outer edge of the support section 213, thus designed
  • the advantage is to maximize the eccentric effect of the support section 213, which in the free state is in close contact with the posterior flap area of the patient's mitral valve, so that the stent is more stable in the mitral annulus, improving
  • the anchoring effect prevents the support section located in the posterior flap region from having an active space to damage the posterior and ventricular walls.
  • the cross-sectional area of the support section 213 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the valve-segmented section 212, the cross-sectional area of the atrial section 211 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the support section 213, and the support section is in a free state. 213 is at least partially located between the patient's native annulus.
  • valve suture segment 212 is a cylindrical undulating structure or a cylindrical grid structure, the support segment 213 being part of a partial skeleton of the distal end portion of the valve suture segment 212.
  • the rod member 2121 is shaped, and the support portion 213 is at least partially located between the patient's native annulus in a free state.
  • the rod member 2121 is located between adjacent waves in the undulating structure of the valve-sewed segment 212, or the rod member 2121 is a grid of the valve-sewed segment 212. Structure The extension of the crest.
  • reinforcing waves 2123 are disposed between adjacent rods 2121 for reinforcing the lateral supporting force between the rods 2121.
  • the support section 213 is coated with a metal material, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester or animal derived material.
  • the support section 213 is provided with a plurality of curved sections 2131.
  • the support section 213 is partially located in the patient's native annulus 280, and the other part is located in the patient's own body.
  • the expanded diameter of the support segment 213 below the patient's native annulus 280 is larger than the diameter of the patient's native annulus 280, which serves as a positioning function and enhances the anchoring effect after the stent is fully released.
  • the support section 213 and the atrial section 211 are of unitary structure.
  • the support section 213 is provided with a plurality of curved sections 2131.
  • the atrial segment 211 is integral with the support segment 213, and the atrial segment 211 is an extension of the distal end of the support segment 213.
  • the periphery of the atrial segment 211 is further provided with a leakage preventing device 230 having a skeleton 2301 made of a shape memory alloy and coated with a film, and the leakage preventing device 230 is flexible. It can conform to the uneven contour of the mitral annulus, which can reduce the pressure on the aorta and left atrium wall while reducing reflux.
  • the skeleton 2301 of the leakage preventing device 230 is composed of a plurality of supporting rods, or the skeleton 2301 of the leakage preventing device 230 is a wave-shaped structure or sawtooth wound by a metal memory material wire. Shape structure.
  • the metal memory material filament is a nickel titanium alloy having a diameter in the range of 0.1-0.6 mm. As shown in Figure 9d, adjacent rods of the skeleton 2301 of the leak preventer 230 are intertwined to form a compact structure to provide greater elastic restoring force.
  • the most distal end of the prosthetic valve 220 is connected to the valve segment 212 beyond the distal end of the prosthetic valve 220.
  • (L) 1 to 10 mm.
  • the design has the advantage that the gap between the support section 213 and the valve-sewed section 212 is shallow, which can greatly improve blood flow movement. It is not easy to form eddy currents and blood clots, and it is safe to prevent thrombus from falling into the circulating blood vessels of the body to form embolism.
  • the valve suture segment 212 is partially or fully covered.
  • the film material comprises a metal material, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester or animal derived material.
  • the proximal end of the valve suture 212 is provided with a constriction member 240, the distal end of the constriction member 240 and the valve-sewed segment 212
  • the proximal end of the necking member 240 has a proximal diameter that is less than the diameter of the valve slug 212.
  • the constriction member 240 is an extension of the proximal skeletal structure of the valve staking section 212, the constriction member 240 being flexible. More preferably, the constricting member 240 has a wavy structure.
  • the proximal end of the constricting member 240 is integrally connected, and the proximal end of the constricting member 240 is fixed to the interventricular space in the free state.
  • the necking member 240 is a linear member, a rod member or a belt member.
  • the constricting member 240 is flexible, or the constricting member 240 is a combination of a flexible member and a rigid member.
  • the constricting member 240 is made of a degradable material, or the constricting member 240 is partially made of a degradable material. The advantage of using the degradable material in the constricting member 240 is that, as shown in FIG.
  • the heart valve prosthesis 200 is still not degraded by the necking member 240 made of a degradable material in the early stage of operation in the patient.
  • the free end of the constricting member 240 is fixed on the apical tissue or other cardiac tissue or the surgical incision pad to ensure that the heart valve prosthesis does not shift off and enhance the anchoring effect; as shown in Fig. 12b, with the planting As the infusion time increases, the stent is gradually climbed by the endothelium, and the anchoring effect of the stent and the mitral annulus is more and more enhanced.
  • the necking member 240 is weakened by the traction force of the valve, and at the same time, the artificial heart valve prosthesis will work normally.
  • a heart valve prosthesis 300 includes a stent 310 and a prosthetic valve (not shown), the stent 310 including an atrial segment 311 and a valve-segmented segment 312, the prosthetic valve being fixedly coupled
  • the stalk of the distal end portion of the valve staking section 312 extends to form a support section 313.
  • the support section 313 is integral with the valve sew section 312, and the atrial section 311
  • One end of the connecting section 313 is connected to the distal end of the supporting section 313, and the other end of the atrial section 311 is free.
  • the projection of the supporting section 313 is a ring structure in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the prosthetic valve.
  • the valve suture segment 312 is located in the support segment 313, the center of the valve suture segment 312 does not coincide with the center of the support segment 313, and the cross-sectional area of the support segment 313 is greater than the valve segment
  • the cross-sectional area of the atrium segment 311 is greater than the cross-sectional area of the support segment 313.
  • the support section 313 is at least partially located between the patient's native annulus in the free state.
  • the proximal end of the valve suture segment 312 is provided with a constriction member 340 that is an extension of the proximal skeletal structure of the valve suture segment 312 at the end of the constriction member 340 a connecting rod 342 is provided, one end of the connecting rod 342 is connected to the end of the constricting member 340, and the other end of the connecting rod 342 is fixed on the apical tissue or other cardiac tissue in a free state. Or on the surgical incision pad.
  • This design provides controlled release and allows the stent to be re-introduced and withdrawn, greatly improving product safety. After the stent is completely released, the stent can be prevented from shifting and slipping, and the anchoring effect is enhanced.
  • the connecting rod 342 is a linear member, a rod member or a belt member.
  • the connecting rod 342 is a flexible rod, or the connecting rod 342 is a combination of a flexible rod and a rigid rod.
  • the connecting rod 342 is made of a degradable material, or the connecting rod 342 portion is made of a degradable material.
  • the advantage of the connecting rod 342 using a degradable material is that the heart valve prosthesis 300 is made of the degradable material in the early stage of work in the patient.
  • the connecting rod is still not degraded, and one end of the connecting rod 342 is fixed on the apical tissue or other cardiac tissue or the surgical incision pad to ensure that the heart valve prosthesis does not shift off and enhance the anchoring effect;
  • the stent is gradually climbed by the endothelium, and the anchoring effect of the stent and the mitral annulus is more and more enhanced.
  • the connecting rod is weakened by the traction force of the valve, and the artificial heart valve prosthesis will help after normal operation.
  • the patient's ventricle returns to a normal level, i.e., returns from a larger ventricular chamber to a normal ventricular size, further reducing the traction of the valve to the connecting rod.
  • Degradation of the degradable material at this point will cause the constricted component 340 to detach from the apical tissue or other cardiac tissue or surgical incision pad, avoiding the transfer of the heart's pulsating force to the heart valve prosthesis, reducing the intracardiac implant.
  • the volume reduces the stimulant and landing point of thrombosis, which is beneficial to the long-term function of the valve after surgery and improves safety.
  • the connecting rod 342 is provided in a spring-like configuration, or the flexible rod of the connecting rod 342 is a spring-like structure.
  • the surface of the spring-like structure is covered with a polymer film.
  • a non-retractable wire or rod 3420 is disposed on the spring-like structure, and two ends of the wire or rod 3420 are respectively connected to both ends of the spring-like structure, so that the spring-like shape The structure cannot produce axial expansion and contraction.
  • the proximal end portion of the connecting rod 342 is provided with a fixing member 350.
  • the fixing member 350 is in the form of a wire, a wire or a strip.
  • One end of the fixing member 350 is fixed on the connecting rod 342, and the other end is free. In the free state, the free end of the fastener 350 is secured to the apical tissue or other cardiac tissue or surgical incision pad.
  • the proximal end portion of the connecting rod 342 is a hollow tube, and the wall of the hollow tube is provided with a hole 3421.
  • the most distal end of the fixing member 350 is from the hole. Pierced in the 3421, piercing the apical tissue or other heart tissue.
  • the distal end of the fixing member 350 is sharp, the distal end portion of the fixing member 350 is predetermined, and the distal end portion of the fixing member 350 is predetermined to be one or a combination of the following shapes.
  • the distal end of the fixing member 350 is not barbed or has one or more Barbed.
  • the fixing member 350 is a suction-shaped member adapted to the apex contour, the proximal end portion of the connecting rod 342 is provided with a thread, and the fixing member 350 is provided with a threaded hole, and the connecting rod 342 is provided. The proximal portion is threadedly engaged with the fastener 350.
  • the fixing member 350 is a suction-shaped member adapted to the apex contour, and the fixing member 350 is provided with a stud 3501, a fastener 3502 and a nut 3503.
  • the protrusion 3501 is hollow, and the fastener 3502 is located in the protrusion 3501.
  • the inner surface of the protrusion 3501 is provided with a thread.
  • the fastener 3502 is hollow, the outer diameter of the fastener 3502 matches the inner diameter of the stud 3501, and the inner diameter of the fastener 3502 matches the inner diameter of the proximal end portion of the connecting rod 342.
  • the connecting rod 342 is located in the fastener 3502, the top end of the fastener 3502 is provided with a slope, and the fastener 3502 is provided with parallel cutting slits 3504 in the axial direction.
  • the nut 3503 is provided with a slope larger than the angle of the top surface of the fastener 3502. When the nut 3503 is screwed with the protrusion 3501, the gap of the cutting seam 3504 on the fastener 3502 The smaller, such that the connecting rod 342 is fixed between the fasteners 3502.
  • the fixing member 350 is a two-headed large intermediate bracket, which is shaped by Nitinol wire braiding. After the device is fully released, the patient compartment septal muscle tissue is clamped at both ends of the stent.
  • a heart valve prosthesis 400 includes a stent 410 and a prosthetic valve 420, the stent 410 including an atrial segment 411 and a valve-segmented segment 412 that is compliant with the patient's own atrium a non-uniform profile of the lumen wall and the valve annulus, the prosthetic valve 420 being fixedly coupled to the valve suture segment 412, the skeleton of the distal portion of the valve suture segment 412 extending to form a support segment 413,
  • the support section 413 is integral with the valve suture section 412, the atrial section 411 and the support section 413 are of a unitary structure, and the other end of the atrial section 411 is free, perpendicular to the central axis of the prosthetic valve.
  • valve suture segment 412 is located in the support segment 413, the center of the valve suture segment 412 does not coincide with the center of the support segment 413, and the cross-sectional area of the support segment 413 is greater than
  • the cross-sectional area of the valve-segmented section 412 is greater than the cross-sectional area of the support section 413, which is at least partially located between the patient's native annulus in the free state.
  • a leaflet holder 415 is disposed on both sides of the proximal end of the valve suture portion 412. The proximal end of the leaflet holder 415 is fixedly connected to the valve suture portion 412. In a natural state, the patient is self-contained.
  • the leaflets 481 are clamped between the leaflet holder 415 and the valve cannula segment 412.
  • the advantage of this design is that the patient's leaflets 481 can be clamped to prevent the patient's native leaflets from being pushed to the left ventricular outflow tract, further reducing the effect on the outflow tract.
  • the proximal end of the valve suture segment 412 is provided with a constriction member 440 that is an extension of the proximal end of the leaflet holder 415
  • a connecting rod 442 is disposed at an end of the necking member 440, and one end of the connecting rod 442 is connected to an end of the shrinking member 440, and the other end of the connecting rod 442 is in a free state. It is fixed on the apical tissue.
  • the proximal end of the valve suture segment 412 is provided with a constriction member 440 that is an extension of the proximal end of the valve suture segment 412.
  • a connecting rod 442 is disposed at an end of the necking member 440, and one end of the connecting rod 442 is connected to an end of the shrinking member 440, and the other end of the connecting rod 442 is in a free state. It is fixed on the apical tissue.
  • the proximal end of the valve sew section 412 is disposed adjacent the side of the anterior mitral valve with a leaflet holder 415.
  • the valve segment 412 is provided with a guide rail 4122 through which the leaflet holder 415 is passed, such that the leaflet holder 415 and the valve segment 412 are Can be released step by step.
  • the leaflet holder 415 can be re-entered into the sheath to help grip the native mitral valve anterior flap.
  • the end of the leaflet holder 415 is provided with a connecting line 4150, one end of which is connected at the distal end of the leaflet holder 415
  • the other end of the connecting wire 4150 is connected to the conveying handle, and the leaflet clamping member 415 can be clamped around the leaflet by the pulling of the connecting wire 4150.
  • the junction of the piece 415 with the valve-sewed section 412 is inverted.
  • the leaflet holder 415 is wrapped around the leaflet holder by traction of the connecting wire 4150
  • the junction of 415 and the valve-segmented section 412 is inverted so that the design is advantageous in that the sheath diameter can be minimized.
  • the patient leaflet 481 is clamped by controlling the connecting wire 4150 such that the leaflet holder 415 is restored to a predetermined position.
  • the gripping effect is not ideal.
  • the leaflet holder 415 can be re-turned around the junction of the leaflet holder 415 and the valve-sewed section 412 by the connecting line 4150.
  • one end of the connecting wire 4150 is detachably connected to the distal end of the leaflet holder 415, and the patient leaflet 481 is clamped when the leaflet holder 415 is restored to a predetermined position. After living, the connection line 4150 is withdrawn to reduce implants in the patient.
  • the necking member 440 is detachably coupled to the valve slug 412.
  • the design is such that, under the premise of ensuring controlled release of the stent, the constricting member 440 can be withdrawn from the body, greatly reducing the implant, reducing contact and stimulation to the atrium, and facilitating the evacuation of the delivery system by the delivery system, and The implantation restriction on the mid-valve flap is eliminated.
  • the proximal end of the valve suture portion 412 is provided with a hole-like structure 4125, the distal end of the constricting member 440 is staggered into the hole-like structure 4125, the distal end of the constricting member 440
  • a locking hole 4401 is disposed on the end, and a locking rod 4126 is inserted into the locking hole 4401 to achieve locking; as shown in FIG.
  • the support section 413 is covered with a film 4132.
  • the film 4132 is made of a polymer fabric or made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the leaflet holder 415 is disposed.
  • Barbed 4152 when the leaflet holder 415 flips and clamps the native leaflet 481, the barb 4152 passes through the native leaflet 481 and penetrates into the membrane 4132 on the support section 413, This increases the clamping force and prevents the native leaflet 481 from falling off between the leaflet holder 415 and the support section 413.
  • the technique of the present invention is also suitable for treating patients with tricuspid valve disease.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

一种心脏瓣膜假体(100、200、300、400),包括支架(110、210、310、410)和人工瓣膜(120、220、420),支架(110、210、310、410)包括心房段(111、211、311、411)和瓣膜缝制段(112、212、312、412),人工瓣膜(120、220、420)被固定连接在瓣膜缝制段(112、212、312、412)上,瓣膜缝制段(112、212、312、412)的远端部分的骨架延伸形成支撑段(113、213、313、413),支撑段(113、213、313、413)与瓣膜缝制段(112、212、312、412)为一体结构,心房段(111、211、311、411)的一端与支撑段(113、213、313、413)的远端连接,心房段(111、211、311、411的另一端游离,在垂直于人工瓣膜(120、220、420)中轴线的横截面上,瓣膜缝制段(112、212、312、412)位于支撑段(113、213、313、413)中,瓣膜缝制段(112、212、312、412)的中心与支撑段(113、213、313、413)的中心不重合,支撑段(113、213、313、413)的横截面积大于瓣膜缝制段(112、212、312、412)的横截面积,心房段(111、211、311、411)的横截面积大于支撑段(113、213、313、413)的横截面积,瓣膜缝制段(112、212、312、412)的横截面积小于患者自体瓣膜瓣环的横截面积,在自由状态时支撑段(113、213、313、413)至少部分位于患者自体瓣环(280)之间。

Description

一种心脏瓣膜假体
相关申请
本申请要求2016年10月24日申请的,申请号为201610921112.X,名称为“一种心脏瓣膜假体”的中国专利申请的优先权,在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械领域,具体涉及一种心脏瓣膜假体。
背景技术
二尖瓣位于左房室口,由瓣环、瓣叶、腱索、乳头肌、交界连接五部分组成,其在解剖学上的准确名称为二尖瓣装置(mitral apparatus)或者二尖瓣复合体(mitral complex)。二尖瓣环为附着于左房室孔边缘的纤维性组织带,为不规则“D”形形状,二尖瓣瓣环的前三分之一为前瓣膜与主动脉的连续部分,前后瓣对应的心房与二尖瓣瓣环所形成的角度亦不同,心房处还有左心耳的附着。二尖瓣功能不全是最常见的心脏病之一,例如二尖瓣脱垂病症导致的二尖瓣关闭不全,例如由风湿性炎症所致的瓣膜损害导致的二尖瓣狭窄等等。
二尖瓣关闭不全可以分为功能性、退行性或混合性三种。最常见的是退行性与功能性二尖瓣关闭不全。功能性一般为继发于左室壁运动功能受损、左室扩张、乳头肌功能异常,一般见于心力衰竭患者中。此部份患者也包括继发于冠心病的缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全及非缺血性心肌病有关的二尖瓣关闭不全。退行性二尖瓣反流疾病一般被认为是瓣膜结构发生病理性变化,或瓣膜下结构病理性改变,包括腱索的异常延展或是断裂。
二尖瓣狭窄是风湿性心脏瓣膜病中最常见的类型,其中40%患者为单纯性二尖瓣狭窄。由于反复发生的风湿热,早期二尖瓣以瓣膜交界处及其基底部水肿,炎症及赘生物(渗出物)形成为主,后期在愈合过程中由于纤维蛋白的沉积和纤维性变,逐渐形成前后瓣叶交界处粘连、融合,瓣膜增厚、粗糙、硬化、钙化,以及腱索缩短和相互粘连,限制瓣膜活动能力和开放,致瓣口狭窄。罕见其他病因包括老年性二尖瓣环或环下钙化、先天性狭窄及结缔组织病等。
二尖瓣疾病的传统治疗手段包括适用于轻度至重度反流的药物治疗,和有相对应手术指征的外科手术方法。其中,外科手术方法还包括二尖瓣置换和二尖瓣修补。在外科手术方法中,典型的开胸、开心手术侵入性过大,需要建立体外循环,具有较高的并发症发生率和感染风险。患者很多耐受不了巨大的外科风险而只能无奈等待死亡。为了降低手术风险,经导管介入的置换和修补手术方法得以发展。
对于二尖瓣经导管介入的治疗手法,目前虽有少数产品在经导管介入二尖瓣瓣膜成形和修补术上得到了应用,但是在经导管介入二尖瓣置换方面,国际上尚未有成熟的产品问世。尽管如此,众多经皮介入二尖瓣置换技术依然纷纷呈现在大家眼前,这些技术大多处在动物实验或临床试用中,各自技术均有各自的局限。
专利CN102639179B和专利US8449599描述了Edwards Lifesciences公司的一种二尖瓣置换用假体装置,用于植入到心脏的天然二尖瓣区域,所述天然二尖瓣具有天然环和天然瓣膜小叶,所述假体装置包括:管形主体,其包括用于血液流过其中的腔、心房端和心室端,并被配置用于放置在所述天然环内,所述主体可径向压缩至径向压缩状态,以递送入所述心脏内,并且可从所述压缩状态自膨胀至径向膨胀状态;与所述主体相连接并位于所述主体外部的至少一个固定件,所述固定件与所述主体相连接,以便当所述主体处于膨胀状态时,所述至少一个固定件被配置为钩住天然小叶周围,在所述至少一个固定件和所述主体之间限定小叶-接收空间;和从所述主体的心房端径向向外延伸的环形凸缘部分,所述环形凸缘部分包括心房密封件,当所述假体装置被植入时,所述心房密封件阻止血液流动超过所述主体外部上所述主体的心房端。该技术所采用的固定方式,由于其主权描述中所限定的所述固定件是位于所述主体的外部,所述天然小叶将会被平坦的置入支架主体血液通道的外侧面与所述锚定装置的内侧面之间,导致固定的牢固度完全依赖于所述固定件与所述主体之间的摩擦力,且在被夹持后,自体瓣膜一直处于心脏舒张时期的瓣叶打开位置和展开状态,大面积环状阻挡了左心室流出道的血液流动,使得本该在此时期从左心室流入主动脉的血流被一部分阻挡,回流至左心室,在长期植入后,会出现心衰等病症。
专利CN201180020556介绍了Medtronic公司的一款二尖瓣假体,该假体包括具有下游部分和上游部分的内支承结构,其中,所述上游部分具有大于所述下游部分的横截面面积,所述内支承结构构造成至少部分地定位在所述原生瓣膜联合体的心房侧上,并施加朝向左心室的轴向力;以及外支承结构,所述外支承结构具有两个或更多个接合臂,其中,所述接合臂联接到所述内支承结构,其中,所述假体构造成在其移植时将原生瓣膜的小叶的一部分夹在所述内支承结构与所述接合臂之间。与Edwards的设计类似,通过具有较大横截面积上游部分抵靠在二尖瓣瓣环上,而且通过外支承结构的接合臂来抓取患者原有二尖瓣。该支架整体依然采取圆筒状的对称式结构,因此医生在手术时依然需要选择较大规格的瓣膜来提供足够的支撑力,巨大的瓣膜直径极大地阻挡了左心室流出道的供血,主动脉瓣口流速加大,压力增高,长久以往容易出现心衰状况。同时,较大的瓣膜直径直接全部贴合瓣环,将压迫包括主动脉瓣环在内的附近组织。
专利CN201610074782提供了一种D形介入式人工心脏瓣膜,包括支架、设置于支架内侧的瓣叶及设置于支架体壁上的覆膜,支架包括依次连接的第一子支架、第二子支架及第三 子支架,第一子支架为网管,第二子支架为横截面为D形的网管,所述第三子支架呈喇叭状网管。所述第一子支架的最大管径与所述第二子支架的管径相同,所述第三子支架的最小管径与所述第二子支架的管径相同。尽管其声称能够通过所谓的D形网管与原位二尖瓣的原生体壁围成的容置空间形状相吻合,相对于截面为圆形的支架,能避免支架对非圆形的二尖瓣轮廓的过度压迫致使心脏的流出道变得狭窄。该技术的问题在于,哪怕是支架横截面改为D形,直接利用全部网格结构接触二尖瓣瓣环,但依然会对周围组织造成压迫;同时,该技术中所述第一子支架的最大管径与所述第二子支架的管径相同,意味着支架横截面依然会至少等于二尖瓣瓣环直径,巨大的支架本身对流出道的影响依旧存在;最后,该技术中第二子支架被设置为D形,而瓣叶缝合在支架上,非圆形的区域必定影响瓣叶缝合后的贴合状态。尽管该技术并没有具体公开缝瓣的方式,但从其配图上我们依旧能够看出其瓣叶为三叶瓣。因此,非圆形的缝合线将不利于瓣叶关闭性能和长期瓣叶疲劳。
专利US20160074160公开了一种瓣膜支架结构,包括一个由形状记忆合金制作的扩张的外部支架,和一个由形状记忆合金制作的内部支架;该内部支架由两部分组成,在初始状态时第一部分为扩张的结构,第二部分为压缩的结构,人工瓣膜被设置在内部支架的第一部分,第二部分还设置有系绳;内部支架与外部支架连接固定。该方案的问题在于,将内外两层支架分别加工后再连接固定,势必造成支架重叠,一方面增加了入鞘的直径,另一方面连接处形成的阶梯不利于重新入鞘和重回收,最后重叠连接中会增加连接处失效的风险,例如缝线断裂,支架接触腐蚀等。
目前临床结果表明,并未有一款理想的用于介入二尖瓣瓣膜置换的产品。主要原因在于二尖瓣复合体具有特殊的生理结构,且在瓣环的下方有复杂的生理环境,造成产品准确定位和固定非常困难。已有的技术问题归结如下:瓣膜支架设计为对称结构,医生往往选用与患者二尖瓣自身瓣环等同或者更大的瓣膜规格来迎合二尖瓣组织轮廓,不仅巨大的支架本身会对流出道产生影响,而且直接利用全部网格结构接触二尖瓣瓣环会对周围组织造成压迫,进一步阻挡了左心室流出道的血液流动;当前技术中把支架分为内外两个部分分别加工后重新连接,势必会造成支架重叠,一方面增加了入鞘的直径,另一方面连接处形成的阶梯不利于重新入鞘和重回收,最后重叠连接中会增加连接处失效的风险,例如缝线断裂,支架接触腐蚀等;目前市面上的主流技术均未能完全实现支架的重入鞘功能,如果进入心脏里面释放了部分部件即不能撤回,一旦支架有问题只能紧急转外科开胸手术,手术风险高。
综上所述,尽管以上所描述的技术在二尖瓣置换上分别都有一定的效果,但是其仍旧存在不足之处,在治疗心脏瓣膜病变的手术领域,亟需一种新的心脏瓣膜假体来解决以上问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的限制,针对二尖瓣关闭不全或者狭窄导致需要介入换瓣的患者,提出一种心脏瓣膜假体,本发明采用的非对称偏心结构不仅可以减少支架释放后对左室流出道的影响,而且能够保证瓣膜的开口面积不会因为患者二尖瓣瓣环之间的巨大差异而变化过大,优化了瓣膜性能的同时厂商可以减少产品规格,并且可实现位置可调、定位准确和牢固锚定的目的,本发明的产品安全性高。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种心脏瓣膜假体,包括支架和人工瓣膜,所述支架包括心房段和瓣膜缝制段,所述人工瓣膜被固定连接在所述瓣膜缝制段上,所述瓣膜缝制段的远端部分的骨架延伸形成支撑段,所述支撑段与所述瓣膜缝制段为一体结构,所述心房段的一端与所述支撑段的远端连接,所述心房段的另一端游离,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,所述瓣膜缝制段位于所述支撑段中,所述瓣膜缝制段的中心与所述支撑段的中心不重合,所述支撑段的横截面积大于所述瓣膜缝制段的横截面积,所述心房段的横截面积大于所述支撑段的横截面积,所述瓣膜缝制段的横截面积小于患者自体瓣膜瓣环的横截面积,在自由状态时所述支撑段至少部分位于患者自体瓣环之间。
本发明的目的还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现:
在一个实施例中,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,所述支撑段相对于所述瓣膜缝制段为偏心结构,当所述心脏瓣膜假体被放置到目标位置后,位于自体瓣叶前瓣区域的所述支撑段的外沿到所述瓣膜缝制段的中心的距离大于或等于位于自体瓣叶后瓣区域的所述支撑段的外沿到所述瓣膜缝制段的中心的距离。
在一个实施例中,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,所述支撑段的投影为环形结构,所述环形结构为圆环形结构、椭圆环形结构或D形环结构。
在一个实施例中,在所述的圆环形结构、椭圆环形结构或D形环结构上设置有缺口。
在一个实施例中,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,所述瓣膜缝制段的外沿内切于所述支撑段的外沿。
在一个实施例中,所述瓣膜缝制段为筒状的网格结构,或者所述瓣膜缝制段为筒状的波浪形结构。
在一个实施例中,所述支撑段由所述瓣膜缝制段远端部分的局部骨架定型而成。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述支撑段由所述瓣膜缝制段远端部分的骨架中的部分杆件定型而成,或者所述支撑段由所述瓣膜缝制段远端部分的骨架中的部分波定型而成。更优选的,相邻的所述杆件之间设置有加强波,用以加强所述杆件之间的横向支撑力。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述杆件位于所述瓣膜缝制段的波浪形结构中的相邻的波之间,或者所述杆件为所述瓣膜缝制段的网格结构中的波峰的延伸。
在一个实施例中,所述支撑段上设置有倒刺,在自由状态时所述倒刺刺入患者自体二尖瓣组织中。
在一个实施例中,所述支撑段上设置有多个弯曲段,在自由状态时所述支撑段一部分位于患者自体瓣环内,另一部分位于患者自体瓣环下方,位于患者自体瓣环下方的所述支撑段的展开直径大于患者自体瓣环的直径。
在一个实施例中,所述支撑段上覆膜。
在一个实施例中,所述心房段与所述支撑段为一体结构,所述心房段为所述支撑段远端的延伸。
在一个实施例中,所述心房段的周边还设置有防漏装置,所述防漏装置具有形状记忆合金制成的骨架并被覆膜,所述防漏装置为柔性,能顺应二尖瓣瓣环的不均匀轮廓。
在一个实施例中,在所述心脏瓣膜假体的轴向上,所述人工瓣膜的最远端高出所述支撑段与所述瓣膜缝制段相连处1至10毫米。
在一个实施例中,所述心房段能够顺应患者自身心房腔壁与瓣膜瓣环的不均匀轮廓。
在一个实施例中,所述瓣膜缝制段的近端设置有缩口部件,所述缩口部件的远端与所述瓣膜缝制段的近端连接,所述缩口部件的近端直径小于所述瓣膜缝制段的直径。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述缩口部件与所述瓣膜缝制段为可拆卸连接。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述缩口部件为可降解材料制成,或者所述缩口部件部分为可降解材料制成。
在一个实施例中,所述的缩口部件为所述瓣膜缝制段的近端骨架结构的延伸,所述缩口部件的近端被连接成一体,在自由状态时所述缩口部件的近端被固定在目标位置上。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述缩口部件为柔性。更优选的,所述缩口部件为波浪状结构。更优选的,所述缩口部件为线。
在一个实施例中,所述的缩口部件为所述瓣膜缝制段的近端骨架结构的延伸,在所述缩口部件的端部设置有连接杆,所述连接杆的一端与所述的缩口部件的端部连接,在自由状态时所述连接杆的另一端被固定在目标位置上。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述连接杆为柔性杆,或者所述连接杆为柔性杆件和刚性杆件的组合。更优选的,所述连接杆为可降解材料制成,或者所述连接杆部分为可降解材料制成。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述连接杆被设置为弹簧状结构,或者所述连接杆的柔性杆件为弹簧状结构。更优选的,所述弹簧状结构表面覆有高分子膜。更优选的,在所述弹簧状结构上设置有不可伸缩的部件,所述不可伸缩的部件的两端分别与所述弹簧状结构的两端相连接,使得所述弹簧状结构不能产生轴向伸缩。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述连接杆的近端部分设置有固定件。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述固定件为两头大中间小的支架,所述支架为镍钛合金丝编织定型而成。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述连接杆的近端部分为空心管,所述空心管的管壁上设置有孔,在自由状态时,所述固定件的最远端从所述孔中穿出刺入目标位置。
在一个实施例中,所述的缩口部件为线状构件、杆状构件或带状构件。更优选的,所述缩口部件为柔性件与刚性件的组合。在自由状态时,所述缩口部件游离的一端被固定在目标位置上。优选的,所述缩口部件为可降解材料制成,或者所述缩口部件部分为可降解材料制成。
在一个实施例中,所述瓣膜缝制段的近端设置有瓣叶夹持件,所述瓣叶夹持件的近端与所述瓣膜缝制段固定连接,自然状态下,患者自体瓣叶被夹持在所述瓣叶夹持件与所述瓣膜缝制段之间。
在一个实施例中,所述瓣叶夹持件的远端设置有连接线,通过所述连接线的牵引能够实现所述瓣叶夹持件绕所述瓣叶夹持件与所述瓣膜缝制段的连接处翻转。
在一个实施例中,所述瓣叶夹持件上设置有倒刺。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述连接线的一端与所述瓣叶夹持件的远端可拆卸连接。
同现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1、本发明中所述瓣膜缝制段的远端部分的骨架延伸形成支撑段,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,所述瓣膜缝制段位于所述支撑段中,所述瓣膜缝制段的中心与所述支撑段的中心不重合,所述支撑段相对于所述瓣膜缝制段为偏心结构,使得所述瓣膜缝制段在自由状态时偏向患者二尖瓣的后瓣区域,造成的非对称的偏心效果不仅可以降低对支架自身释放后的横截面积的要求以降低对左室流出道的影响,而且还能够降低瓣膜设计与植入部位组织轮廓的关联性,优化了瓣膜性能的同时厂商可以减少产品规格。当所述心脏瓣膜假体用于三尖瓣介入置换时,所述瓣膜缝制段在自由状态时偏向患者三尖瓣的隔瓣区域,有利于支架能够贴紧肌肉组织厚实区域,锚定效果更理想,瓣膜运动更为稳定。
2、本发明中所述支撑段与所述瓣膜缝制段为一体结构,区别于现有技术中将内外两层支架分别加工后再重叠、缝绑连接的结构,一体式的结构一方面减小了入鞘的直径,一方面没有台阶的设计使得重新入鞘和重回收更为方便,最后杜绝了缝线断裂的风险,提高安全性。
3、本发明中所述瓣膜缝制段的横截面积小于患者自体瓣膜瓣环的横截面积,所述瓣膜缝制段的远端部分的局部骨架延伸、定型形成支撑段,所述支撑段在自由状态时至少部分位于患者自体瓣环之间。区别于现有技术中绝大多数产品利用全部支架贴合瓣环的设计,尤其当所述心脏瓣膜假体用于三尖瓣介入置换时,因为患者三尖瓣瓣环尺寸非常大,如果单纯利用 瓣膜缝制段支撑在患者三尖瓣瓣环内,从工程角度上几乎不可能实现,就算勉强实现了也会大大降低瓣膜寿命。本发明仅用局部骨架延伸定型来接触瓣环,在保证支撑力的同时能够避免压迫周围组织,保证了心室流出道的血液流动空间,同时能够优化瓣膜功能。
4、本发明中在轴线方向上,所述人工瓣膜最远端高出所述支撑段与所述瓣膜缝制段相连处1至10毫米,区别于现有技术中内外支架间形成的深且窄的缝隙,本发明能够极大地改善血流运动,不容易形成涡流和血栓,避免血栓落入体内循环血管中形成栓塞,提高安全性。
5、本发明中所述瓣膜缝制段的近端设置有缩口部件,能够起到可控释放的作用,而且允许支架可以重入鞘以及撤回,大大提高产品的安全性。在支架完全释放后,所述缩口部件或缩口部件上的连接杆能够固定在心尖组织上或者其他心脏组织上或者手术切口垫片上,能够防止支架移位滑脱,加强了锚定的效果。
6、本发明中所述缩口部件与所述瓣膜缝制段为可拆卸连接。这样设计在确保所述支架能够可控释放的前提下,所述缩口部件可以撤出体内,极大的减少了植入物,减少对心房的接触和刺激,方便输送系统撤离人体,而且消除了对日后瓣中瓣的植入限制。
7、本发明中所述心房段的周边还设置有防漏装置,所述防漏装置具有形状记忆合金制成的骨架并被覆膜,并且所述防漏装置为柔性,因此可顺应二尖瓣瓣环的不均匀轮廓,在减轻返流的同时能够减轻对主动脉和左心房壁的压迫。
8、本发明中所述瓣膜缝制段的近端设置有瓣叶夹持件,能够夹持患者瓣叶,防止患者自体瓣叶被推向左室流出道,进一步减少对流出道的影响。此外,所述瓣叶夹持件端部设置有连接线,所述连接线一端连接在所述瓣叶夹持件的远端,所述连接线的另一端与输送手柄连接,通过所述连接线的牵引能够实现所述瓣叶夹持件绕所述瓣叶夹持件与所述瓣膜缝制段的连接处翻转,这样设计的好处在于能够根据瓣叶夹持效果可反复夹持,而且使得整个装置能够重入鞘,提高手术安全性。
附图说明
图1a-图1c示出了本发明的一种优选的实施方式的示意图,其中图1b为图1a的俯视图。
图2a和图2b示出了本发明位于患者二尖瓣植入位置的示意图。
图3a-图3e示出了本发明的多种实施方式的示意图。
图4a-图4e示出了本发明的多种实施方式的示意图,其中图4c为图4d的支架切割图。
图5a-图5c示出了本发明中心房段的多种实施方式的示意图。
图6a-图6c示出了本发明的多种实施方式的示意图。
图7a-图7c示出了本发明的另一种优选的实施方式的示意图,其中图7b为图7a的俯视图。
图8a-图8c示出了本发明的多种实施方式的支架切割图,图8d-图8e示出了本发明的多种实施方式的示意图。
图9a-图9d示出了本发明的多种实施方式的示意图。
图10a-图10c示出了本发明的多种实施方式的示意图。
图11a-图11d示出了本发明的多种实施方式的示意图。
图12a-图12b示出了本发明的另一种实施方式的示意图。
图13a-图13e示出了本发明的另一种优选的实施方式的示意图,其中图13b为图13a的支架切割图,图13c为图13a的俯视图。
图14a-图14c示出了本发明的多种实施方式的示意图。
图15a-图15g示出了本发明的多种实施方式的示意图。
图16a-图16e示出了本发明的多种实施方式的示意图。
图17a-图17d示出了本发明的一种实施方式的示意图。
图18a-图18d示出了本发明的一种实施方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下参照附图并举实施例,对本发明进一步详细说明。
本发明所述的远端是指远离心尖的一端,所述的近端是指接近心尖的一端。
具体实施例一:
如图1a-c所示,一种心脏瓣膜假体100,包括支架110和人工瓣膜120,所述支架110包括心房段111和瓣膜缝制段112,所述人工瓣膜120被固定连接在所述瓣膜缝制段112上,所述瓣膜缝制段112的远端部分的骨架延伸形成支撑段113,所述支撑段113与所述瓣膜缝制段112为一体结构,所述心房段111的一端与所述支撑段113的远端连接,所述心房段111的另一端游离,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜120中轴线的横截面上,所述支撑段113的投影为环形结构,所述瓣膜缝制段112位于所述支撑段113之中,所述瓣膜缝制段112中心1120与所述支撑段113的中心1130不重合,所述支撑段113的横截面积大于所述瓣膜缝制段112的横截面积,所述心房段111的横截面积大于所述支撑段113的横截面积,所述瓣膜缝制段112的横截面积小于患者自体瓣膜瓣环的横截面积,在自由状态时所述支撑段113至少部分位于患者自体瓣环之间。现有Edwards与Medtronic的专利技术(参见CN102639179B和CN201180020556)中,支架整体依然采取圆筒状的对称式结构,因此医生在手术时需要选择较大规格的瓣膜来提供足够的支撑力,巨大的瓣膜直径极大地阻挡了左心室流出道的供血,主动脉瓣口流速加大,压力增高,长久以往容易出现心衰状况。同时,较大的瓣膜直径直接 全部贴合瓣环,将压迫包括主动脉瓣环在内的附近组织。在本发明的实施方式中,如图2a和图2b所示,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,所述支撑段113相对于所述瓣膜缝制段112为偏心结构,使得所述瓣膜缝制段112在自由状态时偏向患者二尖瓣的后瓣区域。这样设计的好处在于,非对称的偏心结构不仅降低了对支架自身释放后的横截面积的要求以降低对左室流出道的影响,而且还能够降低瓣膜设计与植入部位组织轮廓的关联性,优化了瓣膜性能的同时厂商可以减少产品规格。在其他的实施方式中,当所述心脏瓣膜假体用于三尖瓣介入置换时,所述瓣膜缝制段在自由状态时偏向患者三尖瓣的隔瓣区域,有利于支架能够贴紧肌肉组织厚实区域,锚定效果更理想,瓣膜运动更为稳定。此外,由于所述瓣膜缝制段112不必过大,本发明在确保不会阻挡左室流出道的等同效果下,简化了释放步骤,提高了手术成功率。
作为一种优选的实施方式,如图3a-3c所示,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,所述支撑段113的投影为环形结构,所述环形结构为圆环形结构或者椭圆环形结构,所述环形结构的几何中心1130与所述瓣膜缝制段112的中心1120不重合。作为另一种实施方式,如图3d所示,当所述心脏瓣膜假体被放置到目标位置后,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,位于自体瓣叶前瓣区域的所述支撑段113的外沿到所述瓣膜缝制段中心1120的距离大于或等于位于自体瓣叶后瓣区域的所述支撑段113的外沿到所述瓣膜缝制段中心1120的距离,例如所述环形结构为D形环结构,在自由状态时,所述D形环结构的平直区域在周向方向上偏向二尖瓣的前瓣区域,所述D形结构的弧形区域在周向方向上偏向二尖瓣的后瓣区域,这样的设计更匹配患者二尖瓣瓣环的生理解剖结构,能够进一步避免对瓣环的过度扩张,从而减小对主动脉瓣环以及其他临近组织的影响。在一个实施例中,如图3e所示,在所述的圆环形结构、椭圆环形结构或D形环结构113上设置有缺口。
作为一种优选的实施方式,如图4a和图4b所示,所述瓣膜缝制段112为筒状的网格结构,或者所述瓣膜缝制段112为筒状的波浪形结构。如图4c和4d所示,所述支撑段113由所述瓣膜缝制段112远端部分的局部骨架进一步定型而成。例如,所述支撑段113由所述瓣膜缝制段112远端部分的骨架中的部分杆件1121定型而成,或者所述支撑段113由所述瓣膜缝制段112远端部分的骨架中的部分波1122定型而成,所述波1122为锯齿形或波浪形。如图4e所示,所述支撑段113上设置有倒刺1131,在自由状态时所述倒刺刺入患者自体二尖瓣组织中。
作为一种优选的实施方式,如图5所示,所述心房段111为形状记忆合金编织而成的花瓣状结构(图5a)、星形结构(图5b)、波浪形结构(图5c)或网格结构。如图6a所示,所述心房段111的一端连接在所述支撑段113的远端上,所述心房段111的另一端游离。作为一种优选的实施方式,如图6b所示,所述支撑段113远端的骨架上设置有连接孔1132,所 述心房段111的一端通过所述连接孔1132连接在所述支撑段113的远端上。如图6c所示,所述心房段111在周向上与人工瓣膜平面的角度有所区别,位于二尖瓣前瓣区域的所述心房段111与所述瓣膜缝制段112轴向的夹角α小于位于二尖瓣后瓣区域的所述心房段111与所述瓣膜缝制段112轴向的夹角β,由于二尖瓣瓣环的空间结构为马鞍形结构,这样设计使得所述心房段111在自由状态时能够紧贴患者心房组织,顺应患者自身心房腔壁与瓣膜瓣环的不均匀轮廓。所述心房段111被覆膜,所述膜材料包括金属材料、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、涤纶或动物源性材料。
具体实施例二:
如图7a-c所示,一种心脏瓣膜假体200,包括支架210和人工瓣膜220,所述支架210包括心房段211和瓣膜缝制段212,所述人工瓣膜220被固定连接在所述瓣膜缝制段212上,所述瓣膜缝制段212的远端部分的骨架延伸形成支撑段213,所述支撑段213与所述瓣膜缝制段212为一体结构,相比于现有技术中将内外两层支架分别加工后再重叠、缝绑连接的结构,本发明的一体式结构一方面减小了入鞘的直径,另一方面没有台阶的设计使得重新入鞘和重回收更为方便,最后杜绝了缝线断裂的风险,提高安全性。所述心房段211的一端与所述支撑段213的远端连接,所述心房段211的另一端游离,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜220中轴线的横截面上,所述支撑段213的投影为环形结构,所述瓣膜缝制段212的中心2120与所述环形结构的中心2130不重合,所述瓣膜缝制段212的外沿内切于所述支撑段213的外沿,这样设计的好处在于将所述支撑段213的偏心效果最大化,所述瓣膜缝制段212在自由状态时贴紧患者二尖瓣的后瓣区域,使得支架在二尖瓣瓣环内更为稳固,提高了锚定效果,避免位于后瓣区域的所述支撑段有活动空间从而损伤后瓣及心室壁。所述支撑段213的横截面积大于所述瓣膜缝制段212的横截面积,所述心房段211的横截面积大于所述支撑段213的横截面积,在自由状态时所述支撑段213至少部分位于患者自体瓣环之间。
在一个实施方式中,所述瓣膜缝制段212为筒状的波浪形结构或筒状的网格结构,所述支撑段213由所述瓣膜缝制段212远端部分的局部骨架中的部分杆件2121定型而成,所述支撑段213在自由状态时至少部分位于患者自体瓣环之间。区别于现有技术中绝大多数产品利用全部支架贴合瓣环的设计,尤其当所述心脏瓣膜假体用于三尖瓣介入置换时,因为患者三尖瓣瓣环尺寸非常大,如果单纯利用瓣膜缝制段支撑在患者三尖瓣瓣环内,从工程角度上几乎不可能实现,就算勉强实现了也会大大降低瓣膜寿命。本发明仅用局部骨架延伸定型来接触二尖瓣瓣环,在保证支撑力的同时能够避免压迫周围组织,也保证了左心室流出道的血液流动空间,同时能够优化瓣膜功能。如图8a和图8b所示,所述杆件2121位于所述瓣膜缝制段212波浪形结构中的相邻的波之间,或者所述杆件2121为所述瓣膜缝制段212网格结构中 的波峰的延伸。在另一个实施方式中,如图8c所示,相邻的所述杆件2121之间设置有加强波2123,用以加强所述杆件2121之间的横向支撑力。所述支撑段213被覆膜,所述膜材料包括金属材料、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、涤纶或动物源性材料。
在另一个实施方式中,如图8d所示,所述支撑段213上设置有多个弯曲段2131,在自由状态时所述支撑段213一部分位于患者自体瓣环280内,另一部分位于患者自体瓣环280下方,位于患者自体瓣环280下方的所述支撑段213的展开直径大于患者自体瓣环280直径,起到定位作用,并在支架完全释放后起到增强锚定效果的作用。
在另一个实施方式中,如图8e所示,所述支撑段213与所述心房段211为一体结构。所述支撑段213上设置有多个弯曲段2131。
在一个优选的实施方式中,所述心房段211与所述支撑段213为一体结构,所述心房段211为所述支撑段213远端的延伸。如图9a所示,所述心房段211的周边还设置有防漏装置230,所述防漏装置230具有形状记忆合金制成的骨架2301并被覆膜,所述防漏装置230为柔性,可顺应二尖瓣瓣环的不均匀轮廓,在减轻返流的同时能够减轻对主动脉和左心房壁的压迫。如图9b和图9c所示,所述防漏装置230的骨架2301由多根支撑杆组成,或者所述防漏装置230的骨架2301为金属记忆材料丝绕制而成的波浪形结构或锯齿形结构。所述金属记忆材料丝为镍钛合金,直径在0.1-0.6mm的范围内。如图9d所示,所述防漏装置230的骨架2301的相邻的杆之间相互缠绕,形成紧密的结构,以提供更大的弹性回复力。
在一个实施方式中,如图10a所示,在所述心脏瓣膜假体200的轴向上,所述人工瓣膜220的最远端高出所述支撑段213与所述瓣膜缝制段212相连处(L)1至10毫米。区别于现有技术中内外支架间形成的深且窄的缝隙,这样设计的好处在于所述支撑段213与所述瓣膜缝制段212之间的缝隙较浅,能够极大地改善血流运动,不容易形成涡流和血栓,避免血栓落入体内循环血管中形成栓塞,提高安全性。如图10b和图10c所示,所述瓣膜缝制段212被局部或全部覆膜。优选的,所述膜材料包括金属材料、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、涤纶或动物源性材料。
在一个实施方式中,如图11a和图11b所示,所述瓣膜缝制段212的近端设置有缩口部件240,所述缩口部件240的远端与所述瓣膜缝制段212的近端连接,所述缩口部件240的近端直径小于所述瓣膜缝制段212的直径。在一个实施方式中,如图11c所示,所述的缩口部件240为所述瓣膜缝制段212的近端骨架结构的延伸,所述缩口部件240为柔性。更优选的,所述缩口部件240为波浪状结构。如图11d所示,所述缩口部件240的近端被连接成一体,在自由状态时所述缩口部件240的近端被固定在室间隔上。
在另一个实施方式中,所述的缩口部件240为线状构件、杆状构件或带状构件。所述缩口部件240为柔性,或者所述缩口部件240为柔性件与刚性件的组合。在自由状态时,所述 缩口部件240游离的一端被固定在心尖组织上或者其他心脏组织上或者手术切口垫片上。优选的,所述缩口部件240为可降解材料制成,或者所述缩口部件240部分为可降解材料制成。所述缩口部件240采用可降解材料的好处在于:如图12a所示,所述心脏瓣膜假体200在患者体内工作前期,由可降解材料制成的缩口部件240仍未降解,所述缩口部件240游离的一端被固定在心尖组织上或者其他心脏组织上或者手术切口垫片上,可确保心脏瓣膜假体不会移位脱落,增强锚固效果;如图12b所示,随着植入时间增加,支架逐渐被内皮爬覆,支架与二尖瓣瓣环的锚定效果越发增强,所述缩口部件240受到瓣膜的牵引力越发减弱,同时,人工心脏瓣膜假体正常工作后会有助于患者心室回复正常水平,即从术前较大的心室腔恢复到正常的心室大小,进一步降低了瓣膜对所述缩口部件的牵引力。此时可降解材料的降解将使得所述缩口部件240与心尖组织或者其他心脏组织或者手术切口垫片脱离,避免把心脏搏动的力量传到心脏瓣膜假体,减少了心室内植入物的体积,减少了血栓生成的刺激物和着陆点,有益于患者术后瓣膜长期功能,提高了安全性。
具体实施例三:
如图13a-e所示,一种心脏瓣膜假体300,包括支架310和人工瓣膜(未显示),所述支架310包括心房段311和瓣膜缝制段312,所述人工瓣膜被固定连接在所述瓣膜缝制段312上,所述瓣膜缝制段312的远端部分的骨架延伸形成支撑段313,所述支撑段313与所述瓣膜缝制段312为一体结构,所述心房段311的一端与所述支撑段313的远端连接,所述心房段311的另一端游离,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,所述支撑段313的投影为环形结构,所述瓣膜缝制段312位于所述支撑段313之中,所述瓣膜缝制段312的中心与所述支撑段313的中心不重合,所述支撑段313的横截面积大于所述瓣膜缝制段312的横截面积,所述心房段311的横截面积大于所述支撑段313的横截面积。在自由状态时所述支撑段313至少部分位于患者自体瓣环之间。所述瓣膜缝制段312的近端设置有缩口部件340,所述的缩口部件340为所述瓣膜缝制段312的近端骨架结构的延伸,在所述的缩口部件340的端部设置有连接杆342,所述连接杆342的一端与所述的缩口部件340的端部连接,在自由状态时所述连接杆342的另一端被固定在心尖组织上或者其他心脏组织上或者手术切口垫片上。这样的设计能够起到可控释放的作用,而且允许支架可以重入鞘以及撤回,大大提高产品的安全性。在支架完全释放后,能够防止支架移位滑脱,加强了锚定的效果。
在一个实施方式中,所述连接杆342为线状构件、杆状构件或带状构件。所述连接杆342为柔性杆,或者所述连接杆342为柔性杆件和刚性杆件的组合。优选的,所述连接杆342为可降解材料制成,或者所述连接杆342部分为可降解材料制成。所述的连接杆342采用可降解材料的好处在于:所述心脏瓣膜假体300在患者体内工作前期,由所述可降解材料制成的 连接杆仍未降解,所述连接杆342的一端被固定在心尖组织上或者其他心脏组织上或者手术切口垫片上,可确保心脏瓣膜假体不会移位脱落,增强锚固效果;随着植入时间增加,支架逐渐被内皮爬覆,支架与二尖瓣瓣环的锚定效果越发增强,所述连接杆受到瓣膜的牵引力越发减弱,同时,人工心脏瓣膜假体正常工作后会有助于患者心室回复正常水平,即从术前较大的心室腔恢复到正常的心室大小,进一步降低瓣膜对所述连接杆的牵引力。此时可降解材料的降解将使得所述缩口部件340与心尖组织或者其他心脏组织或者手术切口垫片脱离,避免把心脏搏动的力量传到心脏瓣膜假体,减少了心室内植入物的体积,减少了血栓生成的刺激物和着陆点,有益于患者术后瓣膜长期功能,提高了安全性。
如图14a和图14b所示,在另一个实施方式中,所述连接杆342被设置为弹簧状结构,或者所述连接杆342的柔性杆件为弹簧状结构。优选的,所述弹簧状结构表面覆有高分子膜。如图14c所示,在所述弹簧状结构上设置有不可伸缩的丝或杆3420,所述丝或杆3420的两端分别与所述弹簧状结构的两端相连接,使得所述弹簧状结构不能产生轴向伸缩。
如图15a所示,所述连接杆342的近端部分设置有固定件350。所述固定件350为丝状、线状或条状,所述固定件350的一端固定在所述连接杆342上,另一端游离。在自由状态时,所述固定件350的游离端被固定在心尖组织上或者其他心脏组织上或者手术切口垫片上。
如图15b所示,所述连接杆342的近端部分为空心管,所述空心管的管壁上设置有孔3421,在自由状态时,所述固定件350的最远端从所述孔3421中穿出,刺入心尖组织上或者其他心脏组织。所述固定件350的最远端为尖锐状,所述固定件350的远端部分被预定形,所述固定件350的远端部分被预定形为以下形状中的一种或者多种的组合:螺旋形、圆周形、弧形、弧线与直线的组合形、分叉双钩形、3D弯曲形、多段弯曲形,所述固定件350的远端不带倒刺或者带有一个或者多个倒刺。
如图15c所示,所述固定件350为适应心尖轮廓的吸盘状构件,所述连接杆342的近端部分设置有螺纹,所述固定件350上设置有螺纹孔,所述连接杆342的近端部分与所述固定件350螺纹配合。
如图15d-f所示,所述固定件350为适应心尖轮廓的吸盘状构件,所述固定件350上设置有凸柱3501、紧固件3502和螺帽3503。所述凸柱3501中空,所述紧固件3502位于所述凸柱3501内,所述凸柱3501内表面设置有螺纹。所述紧固件3502中空,所述紧固件3502的外径与所述凸柱3501的内径相匹配,所述紧固件3502的内径与所述连接杆342的近端部分的内径相匹配,所述连接杆342位于所述紧固件3502内,所述紧固件3502顶端设置有斜面,所述紧固件3502沿轴线方向设置有平行的切割缝3504。所述螺帽3503内设置有大于所述紧固件3502顶端斜面角度的斜面,当所述螺帽3503与所述凸柱3501螺纹配合时,所述紧固件3502上的切割缝3504的间隙变小,使得所述连接杆342固定在所述紧固件3502之间。
如图15g所示,所述固定件350为两头大中间小的支架,所述支架为镍钛合金丝编织定型而成。当所述器械完全释放后,患者室间隔肌肉组织被夹持在所述支架两端。
具体实施例四:
如图16a和图16b所示,一种心脏瓣膜假体400,包括支架410和人工瓣膜420,所述支架410包括心房段411和瓣膜缝制段412,所述心房段411能够顺应患者自身心房腔壁与瓣膜瓣环的不均匀轮廓,所述人工瓣膜420被固定连接在所述瓣膜缝制段412上,所述瓣膜缝制段412的远端部分的骨架延伸形成支撑段413,所述支撑段413与所述瓣膜缝制段412为一体结构,所述心房段411与所述支撑段413为一体结构,所述心房段411的另一端游离,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,所述瓣膜缝制段412位于所述支撑段413中,所述瓣膜缝制段412的中心与所述支撑段413的中心不重合,所述支撑段413的横截面积大于所述瓣膜缝制段412的横截面积,所述心房段411的横截面积大于所述支撑段413的横截面积,在自由状态时所述支撑段413至少部分位于患者自体瓣环之间。所述瓣膜缝制段412的近端两侧均设置有瓣叶夹持件415,所述瓣叶夹持件415的近端与所述瓣膜缝制段412固定连接,自然状态下,患者自体瓣叶481被夹持在所述瓣叶夹持件415与所述瓣膜缝制段412之间。这样设计的好处在于能够夹持患者瓣叶481,防止患者自体瓣叶被推向左室流出道,进一步减少对流出道的影响。
在一个实施方式中,如图16c所示,所述瓣膜缝制段412的近端设置有缩口部件440,所述的缩口部件440为所述瓣叶夹持件415的近端的延伸,在所述的缩口部件440的端部设置有连接杆442,所述连接杆442的一端与所述的缩口部件440的端部连接,在自由状态时所述连接杆442的另一端被固定在心尖组织上。
在另一个实施方式中,如图16d所示,所述瓣膜缝制段412的近端设置有缩口部件440,所述的缩口部件440为所述瓣膜缝制段412的近端的延伸,在所述的缩口部件440的端部设置有连接杆442,所述连接杆442的一端与所述的缩口部件440的端部连接,在自由状态时所述连接杆442的另一端被固定在心尖组织上。
在另一个实施方式中,如图16e所示,所述瓣膜缝制段412的近端靠近二尖瓣前瓣的一侧设置有瓣叶夹持件415。所述瓣膜缝制段412上设置有导轨4122,所述瓣叶夹持件415从所述导轨4122中穿出,这样的设计使得所述瓣叶夹持件415与所述瓣膜缝制段412能够分步释放。而且所述瓣叶夹持件415可重入鞘,有助于夹持自体二尖瓣前瓣。
在另一个实施方式中,如图17a和图17b所示,所述瓣叶夹持件415端部设置有连接线4150,所述连接线4150一端连接在所述瓣叶夹持件415的远端,所述连接线4150的另一端与输送手柄连接,通过所述连接线4150的牵引能够实现所述瓣叶夹持件415绕所述瓣叶夹持 件415与所述瓣膜缝制段412的连接处翻转。如图17c所示,当所述心脏瓣膜假体400需要被压缩装载在输送鞘管中时,通过所述连接线4150的牵引将所述瓣叶夹持件415绕所述瓣叶夹持件415与所述瓣膜缝制段412的连接处翻转,这样设计的好处在于能够将鞘管直径最小化。如图17d所示,当所述心脏瓣膜假体400被逐步释放时,通过控制所述连接线4150,使得所述瓣叶夹持件415恢复至预定位置将患者自体瓣叶481夹住,若夹持效果不理想可以通过所述连接线4150重新将所述瓣叶夹持件415绕所述瓣叶夹持件415与所述瓣膜缝制段412的连接处翻转。这个过程可以重复进行,直到夹持效果满足手术要求。而且,这样的设计使得整个装置能够重入鞘,提高手术安全性。作为一个更优选的实施方式,所述连接线4150一端与所述瓣叶夹持件415的远端可拆卸连接,当所述瓣叶夹持件415恢复至预定位置将患者自体瓣叶481夹住后,撤离所述连接线4150,以减少患者体内植入物。在另一个实施方式中,如图18a所示,所述缩口部件440与所述瓣膜缝制段412为可拆卸连接。这样设计在确保所述支架能够可控释放的前提下,所述缩口部件440可以撤出体内,极大的减少了植入物,减少对心房的接触和刺激,方便输送系统撤离人体,而且消除了对日后瓣中瓣的植入限制。如图18b所示,所述瓣膜缝制段412的近端设置有孔状结构4125,所述缩口部件440的远端交错进入所述孔状结构4125中,所述缩口部件440的远端上设置有锁定孔4401,在所述锁定孔4401中插入锁定杆4126实现锁定;如图18c所示,当所述锁定杆4126抽离所述锁定孔4401,所述缩口部件440的远端从所述瓣膜缝制段412的所述孔状结构4125中脱离,实现所述缩口部件440与所述瓣膜缝制段412的拆卸。在另一个实施方式中,如图18d所示,所述支撑段413上覆膜4132,所述膜4132为高分子织物或者由聚四氟乙烯制成,所述瓣叶夹持件415上设置有倒刺4152,当所述瓣叶夹持件415翻转夹持自体瓣叶481时,所述倒刺4152穿过自体瓣叶481并刺入所述支撑段413上的所述膜4132中,这样可提高夹持力,防止自体瓣叶481从所述瓣叶夹持件415与所述支撑段413之间脱落。
本发明的技术除应用在二尖瓣外,还适用于治疗三尖瓣病变的患者。
最后应当说明的是,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳的实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种心脏瓣膜假体,包括支架和人工瓣膜,其特征在于,所述支架包括心房段和瓣膜缝制段,所述人工瓣膜被固定连接在所述瓣膜缝制段上,所述瓣膜缝制段的远端部分的骨架延伸形成支撑段,所述支撑段与所述瓣膜缝制段为一体结构,所述心房段的一端与所述支撑段的远端连接,所述心房段的另一端游离,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,所述瓣膜缝制段位于所述支撑段中,所述瓣膜缝制段的中心与所述支撑段的中心不重合,所述支撑段的横截面积大于所述瓣膜缝制段的横截面积,所述心房段的横截面积大于所述支撑段的横截面积,所述瓣膜缝制段的横截面积小于患者自体瓣膜瓣环的横截面积,在自由状态时所述支撑段至少部分位于患者自体瓣环之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,所述支撑段相对于所述瓣膜缝制段为偏心结构,当所述心脏瓣膜假体被放置到目标位置后,位于自体瓣叶前瓣区域的所述支撑段的外沿到所述瓣膜缝制段的中心的距离大于或等于位于自体瓣叶后瓣区域的所述支撑段的外沿到所述瓣膜缝制段的中心的距离。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述支撑段在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上的投影为环形结构,所述环形结构为圆环形结构、椭圆环形结构或D形环结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,在所述的圆环形结构、椭圆环形结构或D形环结构上设置有缺口。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,在垂直于所述人工瓣膜中轴线的横截面上,所述瓣膜缝制段的外沿内切于所述支撑段的外沿。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述支撑段由所述瓣膜缝制段远端部分的局部骨架定型而成。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述支撑段上设置有多个弯曲段,在自由状态时所述支撑段一部分位于患者自体瓣环内,另一部分位于患者自体瓣环下方,位于患者自体瓣环下方的所述支撑段的展开直径大于患者自体瓣环的直径。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述心房段与所述支撑段为一体结构,所述心房段为所述支撑段远端的延伸。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述心房段的周边还设置有防漏装置,所述防漏装置具有形状记忆合金制成的骨架并被覆膜。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,在所述心脏瓣膜假体的轴向上,所述人工瓣膜的最远端高出所述支撑段与所述瓣膜缝制段相连处1至10毫米。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣膜缝制段的近端设置有缩口部件,所述缩口部件的远端与所述瓣膜缝制段的近端连接,所述缩口部件的近端直径小于所述瓣膜缝制段的直径。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述缩口部件与所述瓣膜缝制段为可拆卸连接。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述缩口部件为可降解材料制成,或者所述缩口部件部分为可降解材料制成。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述的缩口部件为所述瓣膜缝制段的近端骨架结构的延伸,在所述缩口部件的端部设置有连接杆,所述连接杆的一端与所述的缩口部件的端部连接,在自由状态时所述连接杆的另一端被固定在目标位置上。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述连接杆为可降解材料制成,或者所述连接杆部分为可降解材料制成。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述连接杆的近端部分设置有固定件。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣膜缝制段的近端设置有瓣叶夹持件,所述瓣叶夹持件的近端与所述瓣膜缝制段固定连接,自然状态下,患者自体瓣叶被夹持在所述瓣叶夹持件与所述瓣膜缝制段之间。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述瓣叶夹持件的远端设置有连接线,通过所述连接线的牵引能够实现所述瓣叶夹持件绕所述瓣叶夹持件与所述瓣膜缝制段的连接处翻转。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的心脏瓣膜假体,其特征在于,所述心房段能够顺应患者自身心房腔壁与瓣膜瓣环的不均匀轮廓。
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