WO2018068651A1 - 一种转子结构、电机及压缩机 - Google Patents

一种转子结构、电机及压缩机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018068651A1
WO2018068651A1 PCT/CN2017/103886 CN2017103886W WO2018068651A1 WO 2018068651 A1 WO2018068651 A1 WO 2018068651A1 CN 2017103886 W CN2017103886 W CN 2017103886W WO 2018068651 A1 WO2018068651 A1 WO 2018068651A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
magnetic steel
hole
rotor core
groove
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/103886
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
史进飞
吴曼
米泽银
肖勇
Original Assignee
珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 filed Critical 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司
Priority to US16/329,323 priority Critical patent/US10784731B2/en
Priority to EP17859698.7A priority patent/EP3528367B1/en
Publication of WO2018068651A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018068651A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of electric machines, and in particular relates to a rotor structure, a motor and a compressor.
  • the permanent magnet motor uses the electromagnetic induction of the magnetic field between the stator and rotor to drive the load. With the rapid development of power electronics technology, microelectronics technology, new motor control theory and rare earth permanent magnet materials, the permanent magnet synchronous motor can be quickly promoted and applied. .
  • the motor mainly comprises a stator and a rotor structure arranged in the inner hole of the stator, the external stator is energized, and the rotor continuously rotates under the magnetic field generated by the stator.
  • the Chinese patent document CN203730322U provides a plurality of axial flow through holes through the rotor, thereby increasing the flow area of the refrigerant inside the casing and reducing the flow resistance of the refrigerant inside the compressor. Thereby improving the overall circulation efficiency of the refrigerant, which is conducive to improving the refrigeration efficiency of the air conditioner.
  • the opening has an influence on the motor, and as in the Chinese patent document CN204497872U, a plurality of air circulation holes are arranged around the inner hole of the rotor core to dissipate heat from the motor.
  • the rotor shaft hole needs to be opened relatively large, or more magnetic steel or the like needs to be disposed, so that the opening space of the rotor core is limited, and if there is no flow hole in the limited space, The torque between the rotor and the rotating shaft can be ensured, but the overall circulation efficiency of the compressor refrigerant and oil is low, and the heat dissipation of the motor core is low; if the circulation hole is opened, the overall circulation efficiency of the compressor refrigerant and the oil can be ensured, but It affects the torque between the rotor and the shaft of the motor and affects the working performance of the motor.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present application is that when the opening space of the rotor core is limited, it is difficult to simultaneously ensure the overall circulation efficiency of the compressor refrigerant and the oil and the torque between the rotor and the rotating shaft.
  • the present application provides a rotor structure, including
  • a rotor core formed along its axis of rotation with a shaft hole for fixed connection with the rotating shaft and at least two and an even number of magnetic steel grooves, the magnetic steel groove surrounding the outer circumference of the shaft hole in the rotor core Symmetrically distributed;
  • Magnetic steels are installed in the magnetic steel tanks one by one;
  • first through grooves Forming, on the rotor core, at least two symmetrically distributed first through grooves extending in the axial direction and radially extending around the inner wall surface of the shaft hole, the first through groove and the The first flow hole is enclosed between the outer wall surfaces of the rotating shaft.
  • a boss corresponding to the first through groove is protruded and formed on a circumferential outer wall surface of the rotating shaft, and the bosses are correspondingly and closely inserted in the first one.
  • the opening of a through slot is preferably, in the above-mentioned rotor structure.
  • the rotor core is symmetrically opened at a position between the outer edge of the rotor core and the magnetic steel groove, and six second flow holes are correspondingly arranged, correspondingly the magnetic steel
  • the slots are six, and the second flow holes extend along the axial direction of the rotor core and are radially distributed on the magnetic pole center line of the rotor and/or symmetrically distributed on both sides of the magnetic pole center line of the rotor ;
  • the size of the second flow hole satisfies the following conditions:
  • ⁇ is the air gap width between the stator and the rotor
  • m is the radial distance along the rotor core, the first distance between the outer edge of the second flow hole and the outer edge of the rotor core
  • n is along the rotor iron The radial direction of the core, the second distance between the inner edge of the second flow hole and the bottom of the side edge of the magnetic steel groove away from the shaft hole
  • L is the minimum width of the second flow hole.
  • two magnetic steels having the same polarity and symmetric distribution are disposed in each of the magnetic steel grooves, and the magnetic steels in the adjacent two magnetic steel grooves are opposite in polarity;
  • a limit assembly disposed on the rotor core and used to confine the magnetic steel within the magnetic steel trough is also included.
  • the defining component includes two baffles respectively mounted on both ends of the rotor core, and the baffle is opened with the second flow hole, first a third through hole, a second through groove and a central hole respectively corresponding to the through slot and the shaft hole;
  • the rotating shaft is fixed to the rotor core through the shaft hole and the center hole.
  • the limiting assembly further includes at least three protrusions protrudingly formed on an inner wall surface of the magnetic steel groove, and at least two protrusions along a radial direction of the rotor core An installation space for mounting one of the magnetic steels is formed.
  • the magnetic steel groove is a V-shaped groove, the opening of the V-shaped groove faces away from the side of the shaft hole, and the bottom portion of the V-shaped groove is a horizontal connection portion;
  • Two of the magnetic steels are respectively mounted on two inclined portions of the V-shaped groove, and the protrusions are formed in the horizontal connection portion The wall surface and the inner wall surface at the opening of the V-shaped groove.
  • the shape of the transverse cross section of the first flow hole is any one of a rectangle, a trapezoid or a semicircle; and/or
  • the shape of the transverse cross section of the second flow hole is any one of a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, or a long oval shape.
  • the present application provides an electric machine including a stator and a rotor structure disposed in the inner bore of the stator, the rotor structure being the rotor structure described in any of the above.
  • the application provides a compressor including a motor, which is the motor described above.
  • the rotor structure provided by the present application comprises a rotor core and a magnetic steel.
  • the rotor core is formed along its axis of rotation with a shaft hole for fixed connection with the rotating shaft and at least two and an even number of magnetic steel grooves.
  • a groove is symmetrically distributed around the outer circumference of the shaft hole in the rotor core; magnetic steel is installed in the magnetic steel groove in a one-to-one correspondence; on the rotor core, around an inner wall surface of the shaft hole, Forming at least two symmetrically distributed first through grooves extending in the axial direction and radially recessed, the first through grooves and the outer wall surface of the rotating shaft enclose the first flow holes.
  • the first through groove is formed on the inner wall surface of the shaft hole and recessed inward, regardless of whether there is an opening space on the rotor core, and when the rotating shaft is fixed in the shaft hole, the first through groove and the outer shaft
  • the first flow hole can be enclosed between the wall surfaces.
  • the first flow hole is directly opened on the shaft hole of the rotor core, and the first flow hole can be enlarged as a part of the shaft hole.
  • the flow area of the rotor accelerates the overall circulation efficiency of the refrigerant and oil, and is also conducive to the heat dissipation of the motor and the shaft.
  • the fixed cooperation of the rotating shaft and the first through groove ensures the torque between the rotor and the rotating shaft, thereby increasing the flow area of the rotor without affecting the working performance of the motor.
  • a boss corresponding to the first through slot is protruded and formed on a circumferential outer wall surface of the rotating shaft, and the bosses are correspondingly and tightly inserted into the first through slot.
  • the opening ensures a fixed connection of the rotating shaft to the rotor core, so that the rotor rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft, further ensuring the torque between the rotor and the rotating shaft.
  • the rotor core is symmetrically opened at a position between the outer edge of the rotor core and the magnetic steel groove, and six magnetic holes are correspondingly arranged, corresponding to six magnetic steel slots.
  • the second flow holes extend along the axial direction of the rotor core and are radially distributed on the magnetic pole center line of the rotor and/or symmetrically distributed on both sides of the magnetic pole center line of the rotor;
  • the size of the flow hole satisfies the following conditions: 2* ⁇ m ⁇ 4* ⁇ , 8* ⁇ n ⁇ 14* ⁇ , 2* ⁇ L ⁇ 4* ⁇ ; where ⁇ is the air gap between the stator and the rotor Width;
  • m is a radial direction along the rotor core, a first distance between an outer edge of the second flow hole and an outer edge of the rotor core;
  • n is a radial direction along the rotor core, and an inner edge of the second flow hole a second distance from the bottom of the side edge of
  • a second flow hole is further formed in the rotor core, and the second flow hole further increases the flow area of the rotor. Reduce the temperature rise of the rotor core and further improve the overall cycle efficiency of the refrigerant and oil. Moreover, the opening position and the opening size of the second flow hole satisfy the above condition, and the second flow hole can change the direction of the magnetic field on the rotor core, thereby changing the cogging effect of the stator, thereby reducing the tangential pulsation of the rotor. Reduce motor torque ripple and reduce noise generated when the motor is working.
  • the rotor structure provided by the present application, two magnetic steels of the same polarity and symmetric distribution are disposed in each magnetic steel tank, and the magnetic steels in the adjacent two magnetic steel tanks have opposite polarities; A limit assembly on the rotor core and used to confine the magnetic steel within the magnetic steel trough. Two magnetic steels of the same polarity are arranged in a magnetic steel tank to increase the magnetic field strength of the rotor, and the setting of the limiting component prevents the magnetic steel installed in the magnetic steel groove from vibrating in the axial and/or radial direction. To ensure the reliability of the motor operation.
  • the limiting component comprises two baffles respectively mounted on the two ends of the rotor core, and the baffle is respectively opened and corresponding to the second flow hole, the first through groove and the shaft hole respectively.
  • the third flow hole, the second through groove and the center hole; the rotating shaft is fixed to the rotor core through the shaft hole and the center hole.
  • the baffles disposed on the two ends of the rotor core restrict the magnetic steel in the axially defined space formed by the magnetic steel trough and the two baffles to prevent the magnetic steel from sliding out of the magnetic steel trough in the axial direction.
  • the limiting component further comprises at least three protrusions protrudingly formed on an inner wall surface of the magnetic steel groove, and forming at least two protrusions along a radial direction of the rotor core
  • the installation space of the magnetic steel The arrangement of the protrusion defines the radial position of the magnetic steel in the magnetic steel groove, and the use of the protrusion and the baffle makes the radial and axial positions of the magnetic steel in the magnetic steel groove are restricted, and the magnetic steel is The magnetic steel tank is in a stationary state.
  • the magnetic steel groove is a V-shaped groove, the opening of the V-shaped groove faces the side opposite to the shaft hole, and the bottom of the hole near the shaft hole is a horizontal connection portion; the two magnetic steels are respectively installed at V On the two inclined portions of the groove, the projection is formed on the inner wall surface of the horizontal joint and the inner wall surface at the opening of the V-groove.
  • the magnetic steel trough is designed as a V-shaped groove, so that the magnetic pole center line of the rotor is located on the center line of the two symmetric V-shaped grooves, and the above second flow hole is opened on the magnetic pole center line, so that the second flow hole is opposite to the motor
  • the torque pulse reduction effect is better, further reducing the noise generated when the motor is working.
  • the transverse cross section of the first flow hole has a shape of any one of a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape or a semicircular shape; and/or the transverse cross section of the second flow hole has a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape or a long shape. Any of the ellipse.
  • the first flow hole and the second flow hole are easily processed on the rotor core, so that the processing and preparation of the rotor structure are simplified.
  • the motor provided by the present application, comprising a stator and a rotor structure disposed in the inner bore of the stator, the rotor structure being the rotor structure of any of the above. Since the motor of the structure adopts the above-mentioned rotor structure, the flow area of the inner rotor of the motor is increased, the heat dissipation speed of the motor core is accelerated, the torque between the rotor and the rotating shaft is ensured, the torque ripple of the motor is reduced, and the motor operation is reduced. The noise generated by vibration during the process.
  • the compressor provided in the present application includes a motor and the motor is the above-mentioned motor, and the compressor of this structure adopts the above
  • the motor increases the flow area of the refrigerant and oil on the rotor core, improves the overall circulation efficiency of the compressor refrigerant and oil, and also ensures the torque between the rotor and the shaft, reducing the torque ripple of the motor. It reduces vibration noise during motor operation and improves the service life of motors and compressors.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a magnetic steel core installed in a rotor core according to Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the rotor core after the magnetic steel and the rotating shaft are installed in the embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • Figure 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the circle in Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic exploded view of a rotor structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a rotor structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a magnetic field of a rotor when six second flow holes are not provided in a rotor core according to Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a magnetic field of a rotor when six second flow holes are formed in a rotor core according to Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing a curve of motor torque ripple when six second flow holes are not provided in the rotor core in the first embodiment of the present invention, and a curve comparing the torque ripple of the motor when six second flow holes are formed in the rotor core. (the abscissa is time and the ordinate is the torque ripple of the motor);
  • the embodiment provides a rotor structure including a rotor core 1, a magnetic steel 2, and a limit assembly.
  • the rotor core 1 is formed with a shaft hole 11 and six magnetic steel slots 12 for fixed connection with the rotating shaft 5 along its rotation axis.
  • the magnetic steel groove 12 is a V-shaped groove and six V-shaped grooves.
  • the rotor core 1 is symmetrically distributed around the outer circumference of the shaft hole 11, the opening of the V-shaped groove faces the side opposite to the shaft hole 11, and the bottom of the shaft hole 11 is a horizontal joint; each V-shaped groove
  • Two magnets 2 of the same polarity and symmetric distribution are arranged, that is, two magnets 2 of the same polarity are respectively mounted on the two inclined portions of the V-shaped groove, and the magnetic waves in the adjacent two magnetic steel grooves 12 The polarity of the steel 2 is reversed.
  • the S pole of the magnetic steel 2 in one of the magnetic steel grooves 12 faces the stator side, and the N pole faces the side of the shaft hole 11, and the magnetic steel 2 in the adjacent magnetic steel groove 12 is
  • the N pole faces the stator side, and the S pole faces the shaft hole 11 side.
  • first through groove 4 and the corresponding boss 51 enclose a first flow hole.
  • the shape of the transverse cross section of the first flow hole is a rectangle.
  • the second flow holes 3 extend along the axial direction of the rotor core 1. And distributed in the radial direction on the magnetic pole center line of the rotor.
  • the shape of the transverse cross section of the second flow hole 3 is trapezoidal, the short side of the trapezoid faces the stator side, and the long side faces the side of the shaft hole 11, and the size of the second flow hole 3 satisfies the following conditions:
  • ⁇ is the air gap width between the stator and the rotor (the rotor is disposed in the inner bore of the stator); as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, m is a radial direction along the rotor core 1, and the second flow hole a first distance between the outer edge of the rotor core 1 and the outer edge of the rotor core 1; n is a radial direction along the rotor core 1, the inner edge of the second flow hole 3 and the magnetic steel groove 12 away from the shaft hole 11 a second distance between the bottoms of the side edges; L is the minimum width of the second flow holes 3.
  • the limiting component includes two baffles 6 and three protrusions 121.
  • the two baffles 6 are respectively mounted on the two ends of the rotor core 1, and the baffle 6 is opened and second.
  • the flow hole 3, the first through groove 4 and the shaft hole 11 respectively correspond to the third flow hole 61, the second through groove 62 and the center hole 63; the rotating shaft 5 passes through the shaft hole 11 and the center hole 63 and is fixed to the rotor iron On the core 1.
  • the three protrusions 121 are respectively formed on the inner wall surface of the horizontal connection portion of the V-shaped groove and the inner wall surface at the opening of the V-shaped groove Above, an installation space for mounting a magnetic steel 2 is formed between two adjacent protrusions 121.
  • the protrusion 121 limits the radial position of the magnetic steel 2, and the baffle 6 limits the magnetic steel 2 to the magnetic steel in the axial direction.
  • the axial position of the magnetic steel 2 is limited in the limiting space formed by the groove 12 and the two baffles 6, so that the position of the magnetic steel 2 in the magnetic steel groove 12 is at a stationary state, thereby preventing the magnetic circuit during the running of the motor.
  • the steel 2 displacement vibration ensures the reliability of the motor operation.
  • the rotor structure in this embodiment is formed with an axially extending and radially recessed first through groove 4 on the inner wall surface of the shaft hole 11 of the rotor core 1, regardless of whether or not the rotor core 1 has an opening space.
  • first through groove 4 and the boss 51 of the rotating shaft 5 can always be surrounded by the first circulation.
  • the hole is directly opened on the shaft hole 11 of the rotor core 1 as compared with the prior art solution, and the first flow hole is used as a part of the shaft hole 11 of the rotor core 1 without being like in the prior art.
  • the flow area of the rotor can be increased, the overall circulation efficiency of the refrigerant and the oil can be accelerated, and the heat dissipation of the motor and the shaft 5 can be facilitated.
  • the interference fit between the rotating shaft 5 and the first through groove 4 ensures that the inner wall surface of the rotating shaft 5 and the shaft hole 11 has sufficient contact area, and the shaft hole 11 of the rotor core 1 and the rotating shaft 5 are sufficient.
  • the holding force and the tangential torque make the rotor and the rotating shaft 5 not loose, ensuring the torque between the rotor and the rotating shaft 5, thereby increasing the flow area of the rotor without affecting the working performance of the motor.
  • a second flow hole 3 is formed in the rotor core 1, and the second flow hole 3 further increases the flow area of the rotor, reduces the temperature rise of the rotor core 1, and further improves the overall circulation efficiency of the refrigerant and the oil.
  • the second flow hole 3 is located on the magnetic pole center line of the rotor.
  • the arrangement of the second flow hole 3 can change the magnetic field direction of the rotor, thereby changing the cogging effect of the stator, thereby reducing the tangential pulsation of the rotor, reducing the torque ripple of the motor, and reducing the noise generated when the motor is working.
  • the curve A in the figure is the torque ripple of the motor when the second flow hole 3 is not opened in the rotor core 1
  • the curve B is the six second flow holes 3 in the rotor core 1 described above.
  • the torque pulse of the motor can be seen from the figure. When the second flow hole 3 is opened, the motor torque pulse is reduced by more than half, the motor torque ripple is effectively reduced, and the vibration noise during the operation of the motor is greatly reduced to form Low noise motor and compressor.
  • the size of the second flow hole 3 described above must satisfy the above conditions, and the size of the second flow hole 3 does not fall within the above range. For example, if the size of the second flow hole 3 is too large, the direction of the rotor magnetic field is changed too much, the air gap magnetic density is lowered, and the effective range of the magnetic field is shifted, and the output of the motor is decreased, and the performance of the motor is lowered. If the size of the second flow hole 3 is too small, the direction of the rotor magnetic field cannot be effectively changed, the torque ripple of the motor is not significantly reduced, the noise reduction effect is not obtained, and the flow area of the rotor cannot be further increased.
  • the shape of the transverse cross section of the first flow hole may be trapezoidal or semi-circular, or other shapes in addition to the rectangular shape described above.
  • the shape of the magnetic steel groove 12 may be a groove of other shapes, such as a U-shaped groove, in the shape of the V-shaped groove described above, and two magnetic steels 2 of the same polarity are disposed in the U-shaped groove.
  • the 121 is formed on the inner wall surface of the U-shaped magnetic steel groove 12, and defines the position of the magnetic steel 2 in the radial direction; or the magnetic steel groove 12 of other shapes.
  • the number of the protrusions 121 may be four, five, six, seven, etc., along the radial direction of the rotor core 1, at least two protrusions 121 It suffices to form a mounting space for mounting a magnetic steel 2, and the projection 121 latches the radial position of the magnetic steel 2 in the magnetic steel groove 12. As for how many protrusions 121 are specifically designed to latch the two ends of a magnetic steel 2, it depends on the actual use.
  • two magnetic steels 2 of the same polarity and symmetric distribution are disposed in each of the magnetic steel grooves 12, and since the magnetic steel 2 in each magnetic steel groove 12 has the same polarity, it is equivalent to one magnetic steel 2 .
  • a magnetic steel 2 adapted to its shape may be disposed in one of the magnetic steel grooves 12, and the magnetic steels 2 in the adjacent two magnetic steel grooves 12 have opposite polarities, that is, the magnetic steel 2 A correspondingly mounted in the magnetic steel tank 12.
  • the number of the first through slots 4 may also be an even number of two, four, eight, ten, etc., and the even number of the first through slots 4 Symmetrically distributed on the inner wall surface of the shaft hole 11 of the rotor core 1. That is, the number of the first through grooves 4 is at least two and an even number. The number of the bosses 51 corresponding to the rotating shaft 5 is also at least two and an even number.
  • the number of the magnetic steel grooves 12 and the magnetic steel 2 the number of the magnetic steel grooves 12 may be an even number of two, four, eight, ten, etc., an even number The magnetic steel grooves 12 are symmetrically distributed on the rotor core 1.
  • the number of the magnetic steels 2 is an even number of two, four, eight, ten, and the like.
  • the number of the magnetic steel grooves 12 corresponds to six, and the six magnetic steel grooves 12 correspond to one second flow hole 3, respectively. Reduce motor torque ripple and reduce motor noise.
  • the limiting component may further include only the two baffles 6 described above, and the magnetic steel 2 is inserted and fixed in the magnetic steel trough 12, and the above-mentioned protrusion 121 is not required to be disposed on the magnetic steel trough.
  • the radial direction of the magnetic steel 2 in 12 is limited.
  • other limiting structures in the prior art can be used, and only the magnetic steel 2 is limited to the magnetic steel groove 12.
  • the above-mentioned limiting component may not be provided, and only the magnetic steel 2 may be fixed in the magnetic steel groove 12, for example, the magnetic steel 2 is bonded into the magnetic steel groove 12 by using glue.
  • other fixing methods in the prior art may be used, and only the magnetic steel 2 may be fixed in the magnetic steel groove 12.
  • the air gap width ⁇ is 0.3 mm
  • the corresponding second flow hole 3 has a size range of 0.6 mm ⁇ m ⁇ 1.2 mm, 2.4 mm ⁇ n ⁇ 4.2. Mm, 0.6 ⁇ L ⁇ 1.2 mm.
  • m is 0.8 mm, n is 3 mm, L is 0.9 mm; or m is 0.6 mm, n is 2.4 mm, L is 0.6 mm; or m is 1.2 mm, n It is 4.2 mm, L is 1.2 mm; or m is 1 mm, n is 3.6 mm, L is 0.75 mm, etc., and the size of the second flow hole 3 needs to be determined according to the value of the air gap width ⁇ between the stator and the rotor.
  • the shape of the transverse cross section of the second flow hole 3 may also be a rectangular shape, an oblong shape, or other shapes, and only needs to satisfy the above position and size relationship, and can reduce the torque ripple and increase of the motor. Large circulation area can be.
  • the second through hole 3 may not be provided, and only the first through groove 4 may be provided, and the first through groove 4 and the boss 51 of the rotating shaft 5 may be enclosed.
  • the first flow hole increases the flow area of the refrigerant and the oil on the rotor, and improves the overall circulation efficiency of the refrigerant and the oil.
  • the above-mentioned boss 51 may not be formed on the outer wall surface of the rotating shaft 5, and the rotating shaft 5 may be fixed in the shaft hole 11 by other fixing means, and then fixed on the rotor core 1, for example,
  • the rotating shaft 5 is fixedly connected to the shaft hole 11 by using an anti-rotation connecting member in the radial direction, and the first through hole is defined between the first through groove 4 and the outer wall surface of the rotating shaft 5.
  • the rotor core 1 is formed by stacking a plurality of rotor punches, and each of the rotor punching sheets has the first through groove 4, the second flow hole 3, the magnetic steel groove 12, and
  • the mounting hole correspondingly, also has a mounting hole in the baffle 6, and the fastener is passed through the baffle 6 and the mounting hole on the rotor punching plate to fix the baffle 6 and the plurality of rotor punching pieces to form the above rotor structure.
  • rivets 7, or screws, or other connectors are used to connect.
  • the embodiment provides a motor comprising a stator and a rotor structure disposed in the inner bore of the stator, the rotor structure being the rotor structure of any one of the embodiments provided in the first embodiment.
  • the motor in this embodiment adopts the rotor structure in Embodiment 1, so that the flow area of the rotor in the motor is increased, the heat dissipation speed of the motor core is accelerated, and the torque between the rotor and the shaft 5 is ensured, and the rotation of the motor is reduced.
  • Moment pulsation reduces the noise generated by vibration during motor operation.
  • the embodiment provides a compressor including a motor which is any one of the motors provided in Embodiment 2.
  • the flow area of the refrigerant and the oil of the compressor on the rotor core 1 is increased, and the overall circulation efficiency of the compressor refrigerant and the oil is improved, and at the same time,
  • the torque between the rotor and the rotating shaft 5 is ensured, the torque ripple of the motor is reduced, the vibration noise during the running of the motor is reduced, and the service life of the compressor and the motor is improved.

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Abstract

一种转子结构、电机及压缩机，转子结构包括转子铁芯（1）和磁钢（2），转子铁芯沿其转动轴线成型有用于与转轴（5）固定连接的轴孔（11）和偶数个磁钢槽（12），磁钢槽在转子铁芯中绕轴孔的外周上呈对称分布，磁钢一一对应地安装在磁钢槽内，在转子铁芯上围绕轴孔的内壁面成型有沿轴向延伸且径向凹进的对称分布的第一通槽（4），第一通槽与转轴的外壁面之间围成第一流通孔。电机包括定子和设于定子内孔中的该转子结构。压缩机包括该电机。将第一流通孔直接开设在转子铁芯的轴孔上，其作为轴孔的一部分，能够增大转子的流通面积，加快冷媒和油的整体循环效率，有利于电机及转轴的散热。同时，转轴与第一通槽的固定配合，保证转子与转轴之间的扭矩。

Description

一种转子结构、电机及压缩机
相关申请
本申请要求2016年10月13日申请的，申请号为201610893546.3，名称为“一种转子结构、电机及压缩机”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本申请属于电机的技术领域，具体涉及一种转子结构、电机及压缩机。
背景技术
永磁电动机是利用定转子之间的磁场的电磁感应作用带动负载，随着电力电子技术、微电子技术、新型电机控制理论和稀土永磁材料的快速发展，永磁同步电动机得以迅速的推广应用。该电机主要包括定子和设置在定子内孔的转子结构，外界给定子通电，转子在定子产生的磁场作用下不断地转动。
电动机工作过程中，由于其铁损导致产生多余的发热，这部分热量的聚集最终会导致电动机中的绝缘部件的损坏。为保证电动机的正常工作，中国专利文献CN203730322U通过在过在转子上设置若干个轴向贯穿转子的流通孔，利于增加冷媒在壳体内部的流通面积，减小冷媒在压缩机内部的流通阻力，从而改善冷媒的整体循环效率，利于提升空调的制冷效率。然而开孔对电机会产生影响，又如中国专利文献CN204497872U在转子铁芯的内孔周围设置多个空气流通孔，对电机起到散热作用。
但是，在一些情况下，转子轴孔需要开的相对较大，或者需要设置较多的磁钢等，因而导致转子铁芯上开孔空间有限，在此有限空间内，若不开设流通孔，则可以保证转子与转轴之间的扭矩，但会导致压缩机冷媒和油的整体循环效率低，以及电机铁芯散热低；若开设流通孔，可以保证压缩机冷媒和油的整体循环效率，但影响电机的转子与转轴之间的扭矩，影响电机的工作性能。
申请内容
因此，本申请所要解决的技术问题在于在转子铁芯上开孔空间有限时，难以同时保证压缩机冷媒及油的整体循环效率和转子与转轴之间的扭矩的问题。
为此，本申请提供的一种转子结构，包括
转子铁芯，沿其转动轴线成型有用于与转轴固定连接的轴孔和至少两个且为偶数个磁钢槽，所述磁钢槽在所述转子铁芯中绕所述轴孔的外周上呈对称分布；
磁钢，一一对应地安装在所述磁钢槽内；
在所述转子铁芯上，围绕所述轴孔的内壁面，成型有沿轴向延伸且径向凹进的至少两个且对称分布的第一通槽，所述第一通槽与所述转轴的外壁面之间围成所述第一流通孔。
优选地，上述的转子结构，所述转轴的周向外壁面上突出成型有与所述第一通槽一一对应的凸台，所述凸台一一对应并紧密地插接在所述第一通槽的开口处。
进一步优选地，上述的转子结构，所述转子铁芯的位于所述转子铁芯的外边缘与所述磁钢槽之间位置处对称开设有六个第二流通孔，对应地所述磁钢槽为六个，所述第二流通孔沿所述转子铁芯的轴向延伸且沿径向分布在所述转子的磁极中心线上和/或对称分布在所述转子的磁极中心线两侧；
所述第二流通孔的尺寸满足如下条件：
2*δ≤m≤4*δ，8*δ≤n≤14*δ，2*δ≤L≤4*δ；
其中，δ为定子与转子之间的气隙宽度；m为沿转子铁芯的径向，第二流通孔的外边缘与转子铁芯的外边缘之间的第一距离；n为沿转子铁芯的径向，第二流通孔的内边缘与磁钢槽的远离轴孔的一侧边缘的底部之间的第二距离；L为第二流通孔的最小宽度。
进一步优选地，上述的转子结构，每一个所述磁钢槽内设置两个极性相同且对称分布的磁钢，相邻两个所述磁钢槽内的磁钢的极性相反；
还包括设置在所述转子铁芯上且用于将所述磁钢限制在所述磁钢槽内的限位组件。
更佳优选地，上述的转子结构，所述限定组件包括分别安装在所述转子铁芯的两端部上的两块挡板，所述挡板上开设与所述第二流通孔、第一通槽和轴孔分别一一对应的第三流通孔、第二通槽和中心孔；
所述转轴穿过所述轴孔和中心孔而固定在所述转子铁芯上。
进一步优选地，上述的转子结构，所述限位组件还包括突出成型在所述磁钢槽内壁面上的至少三个凸起，沿所述转子铁芯的径向，至少两个凸起之间形成安装一个所述磁钢的安装空间。
进一步优选地，上述的转子结构，所述磁钢槽为V型槽，所述V型槽的开口朝向背对所述轴孔一侧，且其靠近所述轴孔的底部为水平连接部；
两个所述磁钢分别安装在V型槽的两个倾斜部上，所述凸起成型在所述水平连接部的内 壁面和所述V型槽的开口处的内壁面上。
优选地，上述的转子结构，所述第一流通孔的横向截面的形状为矩形、梯形或半圆形中的任意一种；和/或
所述第二流通孔的横向截面的形状为矩形、梯形或长椭圆形中的任意一种。
本申请提供一种电机，包括定子和设于所述定子内孔中的转子结构，所述转子结构为上述任一项所述的转子结构。
本申请提供一种压缩机，包括电机，所述电机为上述的电机。
本申请提供的技术方案，具有如下优点：
1.本申请提供的转子结构，包括转子铁芯和磁钢，转子铁芯沿其转动轴线成型有用于与转轴固定连接的轴孔和至少两个且为偶数个磁钢槽，所述磁钢槽在所述转子铁芯中绕所述轴孔的外周上呈对称分布；磁钢一一对应地安装在所述磁钢槽内；在转子铁芯上，围绕所述轴孔的内壁面，成型有沿轴向延伸且径向凹进的至少两个且对称分布的第一通槽，第一通槽与转轴的外壁面之间围成所述第一流通孔。
此转子结构，第一通槽成型在轴孔的内壁面上并向内凹进，不管转子铁芯上是否具有开孔空间，当转轴固定在轴孔内时，第一通槽与转轴的外壁面之间都能够围成第一流通孔，与现有技术的方案相比，将第一流通孔直接开设在转子铁芯的轴孔上，第一流通孔作为轴孔的一部分，能够增大转子的流通面积，加快冷媒和油的整体循环效率，也有利于电机及转轴的散热。同时，转轴与第一通槽的固定配合，保证了转子与转轴之间的扭矩，从而不会影响电机的工作性能的同时增大转子的流通面积。
2.本申请提供的转子结构，转轴的周向外壁面上突出成型有与所述第一通槽一一对应的凸台，凸台一一对应并紧密地插接在所述第一通槽的开口处，确保转轴与转子铁芯的固定连接，使得转子与转轴同步转动，进一步地确保转子与转轴之间的扭矩。
3.本申请提供的转子结构，转子铁芯的位于所述转子铁芯的外边缘与所述磁钢槽之间位置处对称开设有六个第二流通孔，对应地磁钢槽为六个，所述第二流通孔沿所述转子铁芯的轴向延伸且沿径向分布在所述转子的磁极中心线上和/或对称分布在所述转子的磁极中心线两侧；所述第二流通孔的尺寸满足如下条件：2*δ≤m≤4*δ，8*δ≤n≤14*δ，2*δ≤L≤4*δ；其中，δ为定子与转子之间的气隙宽度；m为沿转子铁芯的径向，第二流通孔的外边缘与转子铁芯的外边缘之间的第一距离；n为沿转子铁芯的径向，第二流通孔的内边缘与磁钢槽的远离轴孔的一侧边缘的底部之间的第二距离；L为第二流通孔的最小宽度。
此转子结构，在转子铁芯上还开设第二流通孔，第二流通孔进一步增大转子的流通面积， 降低转子铁芯的温升，进一步改善冷媒和油的整体循环效率。并且，第二流通孔的开设位置和开设的尺寸满足上述的条件，此第二流通孔就能够改变转子铁芯上磁场的走向，进而改变定子的齿槽效应，从而降低转子的切向脉动，降低电机转矩脉动，降低电机工作时产生的噪音。
4.本申请提供的转子结构，每一个磁钢槽内设置两个极性相同且对称分布的磁钢，相邻两个所述磁钢槽内的磁钢的极性相反；还包括设置在转子铁芯上且用于将磁钢限制在磁钢槽内的限位组件。在一个磁钢槽内设置两个极性相同的磁钢，来提高转子的磁场强度，同时限位组件的设置防止安装在磁钢槽内的磁钢沿轴向和/或径向有位移振动，保证电机运转的可靠性。
5.本申请提供的转子结构，限定组件包括分别安装在转子铁芯的两端部上的两块挡板，挡板上开设与第二流通孔、第一通槽和轴孔分别一一对应的第三流通孔、第二通槽和中心孔；转轴穿过轴孔和中心孔而固定在转子铁芯上。转子铁芯两端部上设置的挡板，沿轴向将磁钢限制在磁钢槽与两块挡板形成的限位空间内，防止磁钢沿轴向从磁钢槽内滑落出。
6.本申请提供的转子结构，限位组件还包括突出成型在磁钢槽内壁面上的至少三个凸起，沿转子铁芯的径向，至少两个凸起之间形成安装一个所述磁钢的安装空间。凸起的设置对磁钢在磁钢槽内的径向位置进行限定，凸起与挡板的配合使用，使得磁钢在磁钢槽内的径向和轴向位置都被限制，磁钢在磁钢槽内处于静止状态。
7.本申请提供的转子结构，磁钢槽为V型槽，V型槽的开口朝向背对轴孔一侧，且其靠近轴孔的底部为水平连接部；两个磁钢分别安装在V型槽的两个倾斜部上，凸起成型在水平连接部的内壁面和V型槽的开口处的内壁面上。将磁钢槽设计为V型槽，使得转子的磁极中心线位于对称的两个V型槽的中心线上，在此磁极中心线上开设上述的第二流通孔，使得第二流通孔对电机的扭矩脉冲降低的效果更佳，进一步地降低电机工作时所产生的噪音。
8.本申请提供的转子结构，第一流通孔的横向截面的形状为矩形、梯形或半圆形中的任意一种；和/或第二流通孔的横向截面的形状为矩形、梯形或长椭圆形中的任意一种。便于在转子铁芯上加工出上述的第一流通孔和第二流通孔，使得转子结构的加工制备简单化。
9.本申请提供的电机，包括定子和设于定子内孔中的转子结构，转子结构为上述任一项的转子结构。此结构的电机由于采用上述的转子结构，使得电机内转子的流通面积增大，加快电机铁芯的散热速度，同时保证转子与转轴之间的扭矩，降低电机的转矩脉动，减小电机工作过程中振动所产生的噪音。
10.本申请提供的压缩机，包括电机，电机为上述的电机，此结构的压缩机由于采用上述 的电机，使得压缩机的冷媒和油在转子铁芯上的流通面积增大，改善压缩机冷媒和油的整体循环效率，同时还能够保证转子与转轴之间的扭矩，降低电机的转矩脉动，减少电机运转过程中的振动噪音，提高电机和压缩机的使用寿命。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例1所提供的转子铁芯中安装磁钢后的剖面示意图；
图2为本申请实施例1所提供的转子铁芯中安装磁钢和转轴后的结构示意图；
图3为图2中圆圈内局部放大示意图；
图4为本申请实施例1所提供的转子结构的爆炸示意图
图5为本申请实施例1所提供的转子结构的俯视示意图；
图6为本申请实施例1中转子铁芯上未开设六个第二流通孔时，转子的磁场走向示意图；
图7为本申请实施例1中转子铁芯上开设六个第二流通孔时，转子的磁场走向示意图；
图8为本申请实施例1中转子铁芯上未开设六个第二流通孔时的电机扭矩脉动的曲线，与转子铁芯上开设六个第二流通孔时的电机扭矩脉动的曲线对比图(横坐标为时间，纵坐标为电机的扭矩脉动)；
附图标记说明：1-转子铁芯；11-轴孔；12-磁钢槽；121-凸起；2-磁钢；3-第二流通孔；4-第一通槽；5-转轴；51-凸台；6-挡板；61-第三流通孔；62-第二通槽；63-中心孔；7-铆钉。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、 以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，下面所描述的本申请不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种转子结构，包括转子铁芯1、磁钢2以及限位组件。
其中，如图1所示，转子铁芯1沿其转动轴线成型有用于与转轴5固定连接的轴孔11和六个磁钢槽12，磁钢槽12为V型槽，六个V型槽在转子铁芯1中绕轴孔11的外周上呈对称分布，V型槽的开口朝向背对轴孔11一侧，且其靠近轴孔11的底部为水平连接部；每一个V型槽内设置两个极性相同且对称分布的磁钢2，也即，两个极性相同的磁钢2分别安装在V型槽的两个倾斜部上，相邻两个磁钢槽12内的磁钢2的极性相反，例如，一个磁钢槽12内的磁钢2的S极朝向定子一侧，N极朝向轴孔11一侧，则与其相邻的磁钢槽12内的磁钢2的N极朝向定子一侧，S极朝向轴孔11一侧。
如图2和图5所示，在转子铁芯1上，围绕轴孔11的内壁面，成型有沿轴向延伸且径向凹进的六个且对称分布的第一通槽4，转轴5的周向外壁面上突出成型有与第一通槽4一一对应的六个凸台51，六个凸台51分别紧密地插接在一个第一通槽4的开口处，例如采用过盈配合，使得转轴5与转子铁芯1固定连接。同时，第一通槽4与其对应的凸台51之间围成第一流通孔。优选地，第一流通孔的横向截面的形状为矩形。
同时，转子铁芯1的位于转子铁芯1的外边缘与磁钢槽12之间位置处对称开设有六个的第二流通孔3，第二流通孔3沿转子铁芯1的轴向延伸且沿径向分布在转子的磁极中心线上。优选地，第二流通孔3的横向截面的形状为梯形，梯形的短边朝向定子一侧，长边朝向轴孔11一侧，该第二流通孔3的尺寸满足如下条件：
2*δ≤m≤4*δ，8*δ≤n≤14*δ，2*δ≤L≤4*δ；
上式中，δ为定子与转子之间的气隙宽度(转子设于定子的内孔中)；如图2和图3所示，m为沿转子铁芯1的径向，第二流通孔3的外边缘与转子铁芯1的外边缘之间的第一距离；n为沿转子铁芯1的径向，第二流通孔3的内边缘与磁钢槽12的远离轴孔11的一侧边缘的底部之间的第二距离；L为第二流通孔3的最小宽度。
如图4和图2所示，限位组件包括两个挡板6和三个凸起121，两个挡板6分别安装在转子铁芯1的两端上，挡板6上开设与第二流通孔3、第一通槽4和轴孔11分别一一对应的第三流通孔61、第二通槽62和中心孔63；转轴5穿过轴孔11和中心孔63而固定在转子铁芯1上。三个凸起121分别成型在V型槽的水平连接部的内壁面和V型槽的开口处的内壁面 上，相邻两个凸起121之间形成安装一个磁钢2的安装空间，凸起121对磁钢2的径向位置进行限位，挡板6沿轴向将磁钢2限制在磁钢槽12与两块挡板6形成的限位空间内，对磁钢2的轴向位置进行限位，使得磁钢2在磁钢槽12内的位置处于静止状态，从而防止电机运转过程中磁钢2位移振动，保证电机运行的可靠性。
此实施方式中的转子结构，在转子铁芯1的轴孔11内壁面上成型有轴向延伸且径向凹进的第一通槽4，不管转子铁芯1上是否具有开孔空间，当转轴5外壁面上的六个凸台51一一对应地过盈配合在第一通槽4的开口处时，第一通槽4与转轴5的凸台51之间始终能够围成第一流通孔，与现有技术的方案相比，将第一流通孔直接开设在转子铁芯1的轴孔11上，第一流通孔作为转子铁芯1轴孔11的一部分，无需像现有技术中在转子铁芯1上单独开设第一流通孔，就能够增大转子的流通面积，加快冷媒和油的整体循环效率，也有利于电机及转轴5的散热。同时，转轴5与第一通槽4之间的过盈配合，保证转轴5与轴孔11内壁面在接触面积减小的情况下，转子铁芯1的轴孔11与转轴5之间具有足够的抱紧力及切向扭矩，使得转子与转轴5不会松动，保证转子与转轴5之间的扭矩，从而不会影响电机的工作性能的同时增大转子的流通面积。
同时，在转子铁芯1上开设第二流通孔3，第二流通孔3进一步增大转子的流通面积，降低转子铁芯1的温升，进一步改善冷媒和油的整体循环效率。并且，第二流通孔3位于转子的磁极中心线上，当第二流通孔3的尺寸满足上述条件时，此第二流通孔3就能够改变转子铁芯1上磁场的走向，如图6和图7所示，其中图6是转子铁芯1上未开设第二流通孔3时，转子的磁场走向，图7为转子铁芯1上开设上述的六个第二流通孔3时，转子的磁场走向。由图可知，第二流通孔3的设置可以改变转子的磁场走向，进而改变定子的齿槽效应，从而降低转子的切向脉动，降低电机转矩脉动，降低电机工作时产生的噪音。如图8所示，图中曲线A为转子铁芯1上未开设第二流通孔3时，电机的扭矩脉动，曲线B为转子铁芯1上开设上述的六个第二流通孔3时，电机的扭矩脉冲，从图中可知，在开设上述的第二流通孔3时，电机转矩脉冲下降一半以上，有效地降低电机转矩脉动，大幅度地降低电机工作时的振动噪音，以形成低噪音的电机和压缩机。
需要说明的是，上述的第二流通孔3的尺寸必须满足上述的条件，若第二流通孔3的尺寸没有落入上述的范围内。例如，第二流通孔3的尺寸过大，则改变转子磁场的走向过大，会降低气隙磁密，偏移出磁场的有效区间，电机的出力反而会降低，电机性能会下降。若第二流通孔3的尺寸过小时，则无法有效改变转子磁场的走向，降低电机的扭矩脉动不明显，起不到降噪的作用，同时也不能够进一步地增大转子的流通面积。
作为可替换的实施方式，第一流通孔的横向截面的形状除了上述的矩形外，还可为梯形或半圆形，或者其他形状。
作为可替换的实施方式，磁钢槽12的形状除了上述的V型槽，还可以为其他形状的槽，例如U字型，U字型槽内设置两个极性相同的磁钢2，凸起121成型在U字型磁钢槽12的内壁面上，沿径向对磁钢2的位置进行限定；或者其他形状的磁钢槽12。
作为凸起121个数的可替换实施方式，凸起121的个数还可以为四个、五个、六个、七个等等，沿转子铁芯1的径向，至少两个凸起121之间形成安装一个磁钢2的安装空间即可，凸起121对磁钢2在磁钢槽12内的径向位置进行卡位。至于具体设计多少个凸起121来对一个磁钢2的两端进行卡位，根据实际使用情况而定。
上述的实施方式中，每一个磁钢槽12内设置两个极性相同且对称分布的磁钢2，由于每一个磁钢槽12内的磁钢2极性相同，也相当于一个磁钢2。作为可替换实施方式，可以在一个磁钢槽12内设置一个与其形状相适应的磁钢2，相邻两个磁钢槽12内的磁钢2的极性相反，也即，磁钢2一一对应地安装在磁钢槽12内。
作为第一通槽4的个数的可替换实施方式，第一通槽4的个数还可以为两个、四个、八个、十个等等的偶数个，偶数个第一通槽4对称分布在转子铁芯1的轴孔11的内壁面上。也即第一通槽4的个数为至少两个且为偶数个。对应地转轴5的凸台51的个数也为至少两个且为偶数个。类似地，作为磁钢槽12和磁钢2的个数的可替换实施方式，磁钢槽12的个数还可以为两个、四个、八个、十个等等的偶数个，偶数个磁钢槽12对称分布在转子铁芯1上。对应地，磁钢2的个数为两个、四个、八个、十个等等的偶数个。但当在转子铁芯1上开设上述六个第二流通孔3时，磁钢槽12的个数对应为六个，六个磁钢槽12分别对应一个第二流通孔3，才能够起到降低电机扭矩脉动，和降低电机噪声的功能。
作为限位组件的可替换实施方式，限位组件还可以仅包括上述的两块挡板6，磁钢2则插接固定在磁钢槽12内，无需设置上述的凸起121对磁钢槽12内的磁钢2的径向进行限位。或者采用现有技术中的其他限位结构，只需将磁钢2限制在磁钢槽12内即可。作为进一步可替换的实施方式，还可以不设置上述的限位组件，只需将磁钢2固定在磁钢槽12内即可，例如采用胶将磁钢2粘接在磁钢槽12内，或者采用现有技术中的其他固定方式，只需将磁钢2固定在磁钢槽12内即可。
作为第二流通孔3的尺寸的优选实施方式，例如，气隙宽度δ为0.3mm，则对应的第二流通孔3的尺寸范围为：0.6mm≤m≤1.2mm，2.4mm≤n≤4.2mm，0.6≤L≤1.2mm。例如，m为0.8mm，n为3mm，L为0.9mm；或者m为0.6mm，n为2.4mm，L为0.6mm；或者m为1.2mm，n 为4.2mm，L为1.2mm；或者m为1mm，n为3.6mm，L为0.75mm等等，第二流通孔3的尺寸需要根据定子与转子之间的气隙宽度δ的数值来确定。
作为可替换实施方式，第二流通孔3的横向截面的形状还可以为矩形、长椭圆形，或者其他的形状，只需满足上述的位置和尺寸关系，能够起到降低电机的扭矩脉动和增大流通面积即可。
作为可替换实施方式，上述的实施方式中，还可以不设置上述的第二流通孔3，仅设置上述的第一通槽4，第一通槽4与转轴5的凸台51之间围成第一流通孔，来增大冷媒和油在转子上的流通面积，改善冷媒和油的整体循环效率。作为进一步可替换的实施方式，转轴5的外壁面上还可以不成型有上述的凸台51，采用其他的固定方式将转轴5固定在轴孔11内，进而固定在转子铁芯1上，例如，沿径向采用防转动连接件将转轴5与轴孔11固定连接，则第一通槽4与转轴5的外壁面之间围成上述的第一流通孔。
另外，上述的实施方式中，优选地，转子铁芯1由多个转子冲片叠加而成，每个转子冲片上开设上述的第一通槽4、第二流通孔3、磁钢槽12及安装孔，对应地，挡板6上也开设安装孔，采用紧固件穿过挡板6和转子冲片上的安装孔，将挡板6和多个转子冲片固定而形成上述的转子结构。例如，采用铆钉7，或者螺钉，或者其他连接件来连接。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种电机，包括定子和设于定子内孔中的转子结构，转子结构为实施例1中提供的任意一种的转子结构。
此实施方式中的电机，由于采用实施例1中的转子结构，使得电机内转子的流通面积增大，加快电机铁芯的散热速度，同时保证转子与转轴5之间的扭矩，降低电机的转矩脉动，减小电机工作过程中振动所产生的噪音。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种压缩机，包括电机，此电机为实施例2中提供的任意一种电机。
此实施方式中的压缩机，由于采用实施2中提供的电机，使得压缩机的冷媒和油在转子铁芯1上的流通面积增大，改善压缩机冷媒和油的整体循环效率，同时还能够保证转子与转轴5之间的扭矩，降低电机的转矩脉动，减少电机运转过程中的振动噪音，提高压缩机和电机的使用寿命。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。 这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本申请创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种转子结构，包括
    转子铁芯(1)，沿其转动轴线成型有用于与转轴(5)固定连接的轴孔(11)和至少两个且为偶数个磁钢槽(12)，所述磁钢槽(12)在所述转子铁芯(1)中绕所述轴孔(11)的外周上呈对称分布；
    磁钢(2)，一一对应地安装在所述磁钢槽(12)内；
    其特征在于：
    在所述转子铁芯(1)上，围绕所述轴孔(11)的内壁面，成型有沿轴向延伸且径向凹进的至少两个且对称分布的第一通槽(4)，所述第一通槽(4)与所述转轴(5)的外壁面之间围成所述第一流通孔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转子结构，其特征在于：所述转轴(5)的周向外壁面上突出成型有与所述第一通槽(4)一一对应的凸台(51)，所述凸台(51)一一对应并紧密地插接在所述第一通槽(4)的开口处。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的转子结构，其特征在于：所述转子铁芯(1)的位于所述转子铁芯(1)的外边缘与所述磁钢槽(12)之间位置处对称开设有六个第二流通孔(3)，对应地所述磁钢槽(12)为六个，所述第二流通孔(3)沿所述转子铁芯(1)的轴向延伸且沿径向分布在所述转子的磁极中心线上；
    所述第二流通孔(3)的尺寸满足如下条件：
    2*δ≤m≤4*δ，8*δ≤n≤14*δ，2*δ≤L≤4*δ；
    其中，δ为定子与转子之间的气隙宽度；m为沿转子铁芯(1)的径向，第二流通孔(3)的外边缘与转子铁芯(1)的外边缘之间的第一距离；n为沿转子铁芯(1)的径向，第二流通孔(3)的内边缘与磁钢槽(12)的远离轴孔(11)的一侧边缘的底部之间的第二距离；L为第二流通孔(3)的最小宽度。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的转子结构，其特征在于：每一个所述磁钢槽(12)内设置两个极性相同且对称分布的磁钢(2)，相邻两个所述磁钢槽(12)内的磁钢(2)的极性相反；
    还包括设置在所述转子铁芯(1)上且用于将所述磁钢(2)限制在所述磁钢槽(12)内的限位组件。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的转子结构，其特征在于：所述限定组件包括分别安装在所述转子铁芯(1)的两端部上的两块挡板(6)，所述挡板(6)上开设与所述第二流通孔(3)、第 一通槽(4)和轴孔(11)分别一一对应的第三流通孔(61)、第二通槽(62)和中心孔(63)；
    所述转轴(5)穿过所述轴孔(11)和中心孔(63)而固定在所述转子铁芯(1)上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的转子结构，其特征在于：所述限位组件还包括突出成型在所述磁钢槽(12)内壁面上的至少三个凸起(121)，沿所述转子铁芯(1)的径向，至少两个凸起(121)之间形成安装一个所述磁钢(2)的安装空间。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的转子结构，其特征在于：所述磁钢槽(12)为V型槽，所述V型槽的开口朝向背对所述轴孔(11)一侧，且其靠近所述轴孔(11)的底部为水平连接部；
    两个所述磁钢(2)分别安装在V型槽的两个倾斜部上，所述凸起(121)成型在所述水平连接部的内壁面和所述V型槽的开口处的内壁面上。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的转子结构，其特征在于：所述第一流通孔的横向截面的形状为矩形、梯形或半圆形中的任意一种；和/或
    所述第二流通孔(3)的横向截面的形状为矩形、梯形或长椭圆形中的任意一种。
  9. 一种电机，包括定子和设于所述定子内孔中的转子结构，其特征在于：所述转子结构为权利要求1-8中任一项所述的转子结构。
  10. 一种压缩机，包括电机，其特征在于：所述电机为权利要求9所述的电机。
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