WO2018061731A1 - スライディングノズル用プレート耐火物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
スライディングノズル用プレート耐火物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018061731A1 WO2018061731A1 PCT/JP2017/032680 JP2017032680W WO2018061731A1 WO 2018061731 A1 WO2018061731 A1 WO 2018061731A1 JP 2017032680 W JP2017032680 W JP 2017032680W WO 2018061731 A1 WO2018061731 A1 WO 2018061731A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/14—Closures
- B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
- B22D41/28—Plates therefor
- B22D41/30—Manufacturing or repairing thereof
- B22D41/32—Manufacturing or repairing thereof characterised by the materials used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/101—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
- C04B35/103—Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing non-oxide refractory materials, e.g. carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sliding nozzle plate (hereinafter referred to as “plate”) used for opening and closing and flow control when discharging molten steel, particularly steel having a low free oxygen concentration in molten steel, from a ladle or tundish container in a steelmaking process. It also relates to a refractory and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the rough surface of the sliding surface which is the main form of wear of the plate, is a phenomenon in which the structure of the sliding surface that becomes the working surface becomes weak during casting and causes phenomena such as wear, melting, and peeling.
- This rough surface is considered to be caused by several factors such as chemical factors and physical factors. In many cases, oxidation and decarburization are considered to be the starting point of surface roughness. Oxidation is caused by gas-phase oxidation by oxygen in the atmosphere or liquid-phase oxidation by oxygen in molten steel. It is thought to be caused by the elution of carbon.
- the working surface structure embrittled by oxidation or decarburization in this way is affected by the infiltration, adhesion or reaction of components such as inclusions and slag in the molten steel and molten steel, and further the infiltration and adhesion layer peel off. Roughness is thought to progress.
- Non-Patent Document 1 there are three types of steel: ultra low carbon Al killed steel (carbon concentration: 20 ppm), low carbon Al killed steel (carbon concentration: 410 ppm), and ultra low carbon Si killed steel (carbon concentration: 20 ppm).
- ultra low carbon Al killed steel carbon concentration: 20 ppm
- low carbon Al killed steel carbon concentration: 410 ppm
- ultra low carbon Si killed steel carbon concentration: 20 ppm
- working surface the surface of the sliding surface of the plate that is in contact with the molten steel or the surface exposed to the inner hole space (hereinafter referred to as “working surface”) It is thought that the rough surface phenomenon is caused by the formation of the embrittlement layer, but the detailed mechanism and the improvement method have not been sufficiently studied.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a plate refractory material that hardly causes surface roughness on a sliding surface when receiving Al killed steel or the like, and a method for manufacturing the same. It is another object of the present invention to provide a plate refractory suitable for receiving steel having a low free oxygen concentration in molten steel and a method for producing the same.
- carbon in the refractory is oxidized by oxygen (O) such as Al 2 O 3 component which is the main component in the refractory, and also SiO 2 component, ZrO 2 component, etc. as CO gas. It disappears in the gas phase and decarburizes.
- Al 2 O 3 component, SiO 2 component, ZrO 2 component and the like are reduced by carbon to generate gas phase species such as Al gas, Al 2 O gas and SiO gas, and carbides such as ZrC and SiC. Most of the generated gas phase species are considered to move to the working surface and elute into the molten steel. Part of the SiO gas is thought to generate SiC in the refractory structure. Like the formation of ZrC, when carbide is generated from oxide, the volume shrinks, and many voids are formed in the refractory structure near the working surface. It is considered that an embrittlement layer is formed due to the formation of a brittle layer.
- the formation of the brittle layer or the rough surface phenomenon described above is affected by the temperature, time, and pressure in the inner pore space in addition to the oxygen concentration in the molten steel.
- the free oxygen concentration in the molten steel is 30 ppm or less, the higher the temperature, the longer the time, the greater the pressure in the inner space, and the greater the negative pressure, the more brittle layer formation or surface roughness occurs. I found out that it would grow.
- aggregate particles such as Al 2 O 3 —ZrO 2 -based material and ZrO 2 —mullite added as a low thermal expansion material are added. It was confirmed that the upper plate tended to be larger in comparison with the lower plate under the condition that the deterioration was injected for a long time. Further, in the Al 2 O 3 —ZrO 2 type raw material, ZrO 2 particles in the raw material are transformed into ZrC, and in ZrO 2 -mullite, the SiO 2 component in the mullite region of the particles disappears, and only Al 2 O 3 remains.
- SiO 2 component was gasified and moved to the surface layer of ZrO 2 -mullite particles, and it was confirmed that it was present as SiC. Further, it was confirmed that not only the SiO 2 component in the mullite region but also the Al 2 O 3 component disappeared as the transformation progressed. Furthermore, for the ZrO 2 particles, similarly to the ZrO 2 particles of Al 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 system in the raw material, ZrO 2 particles was confirmed that it is changed into ZrC.
- the reduction reaction (4) and (5) of Al 2 O 3 with carbon does not proceed at 1 atm, which is normal pressure, but if it contains a small amount of SiO 2 component, it is very small from 1 atm. A reaction was found to occur. This indicates that when the SiO 2 component is included, the above-mentioned reduction reaction occurs on the sliding surface in the region where atmospheric pressure or positive pressure is produced during casting to form an embrittled layer and cause surface roughness. .
- the sliding nozzle plate refractory according to the present invention has a configuration mainly based on the following policy. (1) Keep the amount of carbon components to the minimum necessary level. (2) Keep the amount of SiO 2 component and the amount of ZrO 2 component to the minimum necessary. (3) The amount of metal Al component is kept to the minimum necessary level. (4) Densify the refractory structure.
- the above-mentioned “required minimum” refers to the generally minimum relative amount and degree required for balance of strength, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, etc., after taking other alternative means.
- the sliding nozzle plate refractory of the present invention contains an Al 2 O 3 component as a main component in addition to the Al 4 O 4 C component.
- Al 2 O 3 component, especially corundum has the most balanced properties such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, heat resistance, and thermal expansion required for a sliding nozzle plate. Therefore, the plate refractory for a sliding nozzle according to the present invention is mainly composed of corundum as an Al 2 O 3 component.
- the amount of the carbon component (1) is reduced, the formation of the embrittled layer can be suppressed, but on the other hand, the elastic modulus and the thermal expansion coefficient increase, the sintering proceeds by receiving heat during casting, etc. As a result, the thermal shock resistance is lowered, and the edge of the plate is chipped, radial cracks, etc. are caused, leading to a decrease in durability.
- the SiO 2 component amount and ZrO 2 component amount in (2) are reduced, the formation of an embrittled layer can be suppressed, but the thermal shock resistance is reduced, and edge cracks, radial cracks, etc. of the plate occur. Therefore, it becomes a factor that decreases the durability.
- the thermal shock resistance is improved by containing 15 to 45% by mass of an Al 4 O 4 C component having a lower thermal expansion than corundum.
- the Al 4 O 4 C component is the main component of the aluminum oxycarbide composition, and has a thermal expansion coefficient of about 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K, about half that of corundum, and has a high effect of reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion. Further, the Al 4 O 4 C component is reduced in the presence of carbon as shown in the following formula 6.
- the deteriorated layer is considered as being made of Al 2 O 3 and Al 4 C 3 from equation 6 of the, Al 2 O 3 and Al 4 C 3 is ZrO 2 Ya are both in the coexistence of carbon It is more stable than SiO 2 and is considered to function as a protective layer for the aluminum oxycarbide composition.
- These aluminum oxycarbide composition, Al 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 system, ZrO 2 -mullite, than Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -based composition high stability under reducing atmosphere at high temperatures It can be seen that the low thermal expansion characteristics can be maintained for a long time, and that the embrittlement of the structure due to the alteration of the composition itself is difficult to proceed.
- the metal Al component (3) has the effect of oxidizing and mainly increasing the strength, but also has a strong reducing action.
- the amount of metallic Al component is kept to the minimum necessary to suppress the reduction of thermal shock resistance mainly by suppressing reactions such as excessive oxidation and to suppress the formation of the embrittlement layer due to the reduction of oxides. .
- the carbon added to the refractory structure in this way is active, and excessive carbon may be present, which may promote the formation of an embrittled layer.
- the present invention preferably does not include such an impregnation step.
- the present invention based on the above knowledge is the following 1 to 6 sliding nozzle plate refractories and methods for producing sliding nozzle plate refractories.
- a plate refractory for sliding nozzles used in steel casting Al 4 O 4 C component is 15% by mass to 45% by mass, free carbon component is 2.0% by mass to 4.5% by mass, and SiO 2 component is 0.5% by mass to 4.0% by mass. , 1.0% by mass or less of metal Al component (including zero), Al 2 O 3 component as the main component in the balance, Sliding nozzle plate refractory that includes a sliding surface and a vertical air permeability of 40 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 17 m 2 or less and an apparent porosity of 11.0% or less with respect to the sliding surface. object. 2. 2.
- free oxygen in molten steel refers to dissolved oxygen in molten steel, and does not include oxygen contained in inclusions in molten steel existing in the form of oxides.
- the “free carbon component” refers to a carbon component that exists alone, excluding the carbon component that exists in the form of a compound with another element, regardless of the form such as crystallinity and shape.
- the sliding surface of the sliding nozzle plate is significantly roughened. It can be reduced and stable high durability can be obtained.
- the surface roughness of the sliding surface of the sliding nozzle plate can be remarkably reduced. High durability can be obtained.
- the plate refractory of the present invention contains 15% by mass or more and 45% by mass or less of an Al 4 O 4 C component.
- an Al 4 O 4 C component When the content of the Al 4 O 4 C component is less than 15% by mass, the effect of reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion is small, and the thermal shock resistance is insufficient.
- the content of Al 4 O 4 C exceeds 45% by mass, the thermal expansion amount of the plate refractory is relative to the thermal expansion amount of the metal band that is shrink-fitted on the outer periphery of the plate refractory. Since the binding force of the plate refractory is reduced, cracking or expansion is likely to occur. Further, the metal band is displaced, and particularly when the plate is reused, problems such as deterioration in workability and safety during handling such as removal of the plate are likely to occur.
- the plate refractory according to the present invention contains 2.0% by mass to 4.5% by mass of a free carbon component.
- a free carbon component When the content of free carbon component is less than 2.0% by mass, it becomes easy to get wet with oxides such as slag, so oxide inclusions and slag in molten steel adhere to and infiltrate the working surface. It becomes easy to promote surface roughness.
- the effect of suppressing the sintering of the oxides to lower the elastic modulus or suppressing the rise is reduced, and the thermal shock resistance is lowered to easily cause cracking or expansion.
- the content of free carbon component exceeds 4.5% by mass, the structure becomes brittle due to the loss of carbon due to oxidation in the portion exposed to the outside air. Since the oxides constituting the refractory disappear together with the carbon in the refractory structure, the embrittlement of the structure is further promoted and surface roughness is easily promoted.
- the plate refractory of the present invention contains 0.5% by mass or more and 4.0% by mass or less of SiO 2 component.
- the SiO 2 component contributes to the improvement of strength of the refractory and the densification of the structure depending on the starting material or the existence form.
- the metal Al component contributes to improvement of corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance and densification of the structure.
- Al 4 C 4 is generated by receiving heat during casting, and this Al 4 C 4 is hydrated to form the structure. May collapse.
- the SiO 2 component is effective for suppressing the hydration of Al 4 C 4 .
- the SiO 2 component must be contained in an amount of 0.5% by mass or more.
- the SiO 2 component partly reacts with carbon to precipitate as SiC and disappears as SiO (g) under high temperature conditions. It is a factor that deteriorates the organization because it is a degeneration with a decrease. Further, as described above, the reduction reaction shown in the above formulas 4 and 5 by carbon of Al 2 O 3 does not proceed at 1 atm which is a normal pressure but includes a small amount of SiO 2 component according to the calculation using Fact Sage. And a reaction occurs from 1 atm though it is a very small amount.
- This reduction reaction of Al 2 O 3 becomes one factor that promotes embrittlement of the refractory structure.
- the content of the SiO 2 component needs to be 4.0% by mass or less.
- the content of the metal Al component is 1.0% by mass or less (including zero). If the content of the metal Al component is 1.0% by mass or less, oxidation of free carbon component and Al 4 O 4 C component in the refractory structure will not be greatly changed by receiving heat during use. It contributes to the effect of suppressing corrosion, improvement of corrosion resistance and densification of the refractory structure. However, if the content of the metal Al component exceeds 1.0% by mass, it becomes difficult to ensure the stability of the refractory structure depending on the use conditions such as casting time, steel type and the number of times of use. It will also decrease.
- the remainder other than the above-mentioned components is mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 as corundum.
- the melting point of Al 2 O 3 as corundum is 2060 ° C. and excellent in heat resistance, and excellent in corrosion resistance against foreign components such as FeO.
- the balance includes a small amount of carbide components such as SiC, B 4 C and Al 4 C 3 , nitride components such as Si 3 N 4 , BN and AlN, metal for the purpose of preventing oxidation. It can contain metal components such as Mg in Si and Al alloys. Since these may also deteriorate the denseness and corrosion resistance of the refractory structure due to oxidation or alteration, the total amount is preferably about 7.0% by mass or less.
- the components are specified as described above, and the denseness of the structure is an important factor.
- the structure of the sliding surface side, particularly the working surface which is susceptible to the influence of extraneous components on the high temperature side and has a large degree of alteration such as a reduction reaction, is particularly dense.
- This denseness can be evaluated or specified by the air permeability and the apparent porosity in the direction perpendicular to the surface that includes the sliding surface.
- the plate refractory according to the present invention includes a surface serving as a sliding surface, the air permeability in the direction perpendicular to the surface serving as the sliding surface is 40 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 17 m 2 or less, and the apparent porosity is 11.0%. It is necessary that: When this air permeability exceeds 40 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 17 m 2 or when the apparent porosity exceeds 11.0%, the decomposition gas from the inside of the refractory easily moves and the infiltration of foreign components also proceeds. It becomes easier, and the deterioration of the refractory structure and the damage to the sliding surface (surface roughness) increase. However, if the refractory structure is excessively densified, the elastic modulus may increase and the thermal shock resistance may decrease. Therefore, the lower limit value of the air permeability is 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 17 m 2 , and the lower limit value of the apparent porosity. Is preferably 8.0%.
- the plate refractory of the present invention preferably has a coefficient of thermal expansion of not less than 0.5% and not more than 0.6% in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 1000 ° C.
- Plate refractories require thermal shock resistance because high-temperature molten steel passes through the inner hole.
- the larger the shape of the plate the stronger the tendency to break due to thermal stress.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion at 1000 ° C is about 0.6% or less, it is remarkable. Can be avoided.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion at 1000 ° C. is preferably about 0.5% or more.
- the plate refractory of the present invention preferably has a bending strength at room temperature of 15 MPa to 40 MPa.
- the plate is set in the sliding nozzle device, and is restrained by surface pressure in the thickness direction and restrained by metal parts and the like from the periphery.
- the mechanical strength of the plate refractory material restrained in this way is low, the restraint force causes destruction.
- the bending strength at room temperature of the plate refractory is less than 15 MPa, the present inventors have found from experience that cracks are likely to occur during setting or fixing in the sliding nozzle device or when a surface pressure is applied. . Therefore, the bending strength at room temperature is preferably 15 MPa or more.
- the bending strength at room temperature increases, the elastic modulus also increases, which causes a decrease in thermal shock resistance.
- the inventors have empirically found that when the bending strength at room temperature exceeds 45 MPa, the elastic modulus tends to be excessively high and cracking due to thermal shock is likely to occur. Therefore, the bending strength at room temperature is preferably 15 MPa or more and 45 MPa or less.
- a plate refractory can be manufactured by a manufacturing method including the following steps.
- a predetermined amount of raw materials to be used as component sources of the plate refractory are mixed and mixed to obtain a raw material mixture.
- This clay is pressed by an arbitrary method and pressure and molded to obtain a molded body.
- D) The molded body is dried and heat-treated (fired) in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
- E) Processing such as polishing or winding a metal band is performed as necessary.
- the plate refractory manufacturing method of the present invention is such that the content of the metal Al component in the clay is 2.0% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less.
- the clay is molded, heat-treated at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and the content of the metal Al component in the refractory is 1.0 mass% or less (including zero). It is characterized by becoming.
- the content of the metal Al component in the clay is less than 2.0% by mass, a densified structure cannot be obtained after the heat treatment.
- a molded body of clay containing 2.0% by mass or more of metal Al component is heat-treated at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, the metal Al component in the molded body reacts with other components.
- products such as AlN, Al 4 C 3 , Al 2 OC, Al 4 O 4 C, and Al 2 O 3 are produced, and the structure becomes dense due to volume expansion accompanying the production of the reaction product.
- the shape of the metal Al as the metal Al component source can be atomized particles, flake particles, fibers, or the like. In addition to metal Al alone, it can also be used as an alloy such as Al-Si, Al-Mg.
- the content of the metallic Al component in the clay exceeds 10.0% by mass
- the amount of the metallic Al component in the refractory after the heat treatment exceeds 1.0% by mass.
- the possibility increases.
- the content of the metal Al component in the clay is 2.0% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less
- the heat treatment conditions and the form of the metal Al or Al alloy as the metal Al component source (raw material)
- the metal Al component may not remain in the refractory after the heat treatment.
- the content of the metal Al component in the refractory after the heat treatment is set to 1.0 mass% or less (including zero).
- the melting point of metallic Al is 660 ° C.
- the heat treatment temperature is higher than the melting point of metallic Al. Even when the temperature is less than 1000 ° C., a large amount of metal Al component may remain. Therefore, firing at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher and allowing the metal Al component to sufficiently react with other components is necessary for densifying the structure.
- the heat treatment must be performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
- the heat treatment in the non-oxidizing atmosphere includes a nitrogen atmosphere, an argon atmosphere, a CO atmosphere in which heat treatment is performed by being embedded in coke, a SiC container, a metal such as SUS, and the like. It is also possible to heat-treat in a simple CO atmosphere in which a compact is placed inside a manufactured container and heated from outside the container with a burner or the like.
- an oxidizing atmosphere such as an air atmosphere, not only the carbon of the molded body is oxidized but also AlN, Al 4 C 3 , Al 2 OC, Al 4 O 4 C, and the like are generated. The organization cannot be densified.
- the configuration of various raw materials and the like in order to make the air permeability in the direction perpendicular to the surface to be the sliding surface including the working surface to be 40 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 17 m 2 or less, as described above, the configuration of various raw materials and the like In particular, the form and amount of metal Al, and further the heat treatment conditions, etc. may be adjusted. Under the heat treatment conditions, firing is performed at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (for example, a temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher in a nitrogen atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 100 ppm or lower). A method of finely adjusting the CO partial pressure or the like is also effective.
- Al 4 O 4 C-containing raw material preferably, an Al 4 O 4 C-containing raw material produced by an arc melting method is used, and each raw material is selected as densely as possible to obtain an oil press or friction.
- a method such as molding with a press at a pressure of 100 MPa or more can be employed.
- to reduce the size of the fine powder area adjust the composition ratio of each of the large, medium, and small particle size areas so that the particle size composition of the clay, especially the fine powder area, tends to be densely packed.
- the above-mentioned air permeability can also be matched by methods such as increasing, increasing the number of times of squeezing, adjusting the speed during pressurization, and the like.
- the content of the metal Al component in the refractory after the heat treatment of the molded body adjusted so that the content of the metal Al component is 2.0 mass% or more and 10.0 mass% or less is 1.0 mass% or less.
- a gas component such as temperature and oxygen partial pressure, a gas supply rate, and the like are optimally adjusted.
- impregnation with tar, pitch or thermosetting resin is generally performed for the purpose of densification of the structure.
- the step of impregnating with tar, pitch or thermosetting resin is not necessarily required.
- thermosetting resin forms a rigid amorphous and continuous carbon structure and has an effect of improving the strength, but tends to cause a decrease in thermal shock resistance.
- tar and pitch are solid at room temperature and soften and become liquid in the heat of several tens of degrees Celsius to hundreds of tens of degrees Celsius, and have a high carbonization rate when heat treated at high temperatures, and become crystalline carbon after heat treatment. Therefore, impregnation of tar or pitch into a plate refractory under a given temperature condition has a densification effect that greatly reduces the air permeability and apparent porosity, maintains the compactness after carbonization, and maintains the softness of crystalline soft carbon.
- Table 1 shows examples and comparative examples of the present invention.
- the raw materials obtained by weighing and mixing the raw materials so as to have a predetermined raw material composition and particle size composition and then kneading with an organic binder are uniaxially formed into a plate shape under predetermined molding conditions. Molded. This molded body is heat-treated at a predetermined temperature and atmosphere to produce a plate refractory. The bulk specific gravity, apparent porosity, air permeability, bending strength, elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient are evaluated, and As an evaluation, the Al 4 O 4 C component, the Al 2 O 3 component, the SiO 2 component, and free carbon were quantified.
- a high frequency induction furnace was used to conduct a reaction test with molten steel and a reaction test with molten iron to evaluate the formation of the brittle layer. Furthermore, thermal shock resistance was evaluated using the same high frequency induction furnace. The evaluation methods are as follows.
- the air permeability was measured according to JIS-R2115: 2008.
- the sample for measuring air permeability is a size of ⁇ 50mm including the sliding surface of the plate refractory, cut into a shape with a thickness of 20mm in the direction perpendicular to the sliding surface. It was used. In this sample, the surface serving as the sliding surface and the surface on the 20 mm thickness side were parallel. The air permeability of the sample in the direction perpendicular to the surface serving as the sliding surface was measured.
- Bending strength was measured according to JIS-R2213 (1995) using a sample cut into a shape of 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ 80 mm.
- Elastic modulus was measured by ultrasonic method. Specifically, the velocity of sound was measured by applying terminals to both ends of a sample cut into a shape of 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ 80 mm, and a relational expression with the bulk specific gravity measured according to JIS-R2205 was calculated to calculate the elastic modulus.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion was measured up to 1000 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere by a non-contact method described in JIS-R2207-1.
- the Al 4 O 4 C component, the Al 2 O 3 component, and the metal Al component were quantified by the lead belt method using X-ray diffraction. If there is a standard sample, quantification can also be performed by the internal standard method based on the X-ray diffraction method. It is very difficult to separate and quantify Al 4 O 4 C and Al 2 O 3 by ordinary fluorescent X-ray or wet method analysis. preferable.
- the quantification of the metal Al component when it contains an Al 4 O 4 C component, it is practically impossible to separate and quantify it when analyzed by atomic absorption, ICP, or the like by a wet method. Quantification by X-ray diffraction method is desirable.
- the SiO 2 component was quantified by fluorescent X-ray diffraction according to JIS-R2216.
- the free carbon component (indicated as “FC” in Table 1) conforms to the method specified in JIS-R2011. And quantified.
- the formation of the embrittled layer was evaluated by a reaction test with molten steel and a reaction test with molten iron using a high-frequency induction furnace.
- the embrittled layer formed by a reaction test with molten steel or hot metal was evaluated by lining the high-frequency induction furnace so that the sliding surface of the plate refractory became the furnace inner surface of the high-frequency induction furnace.
- the free oxygen concentration during the test is 30 to 50 ppm using SS400 as the molten steel. It adjusted by adding Si and carbon so that it might become a range.
- an evaluation method for the formation of an embrittlement layer mainly consisting of a reduction reaction inside the refractory hot metal containing almost no oxygen and having a carbon content of about 4% by mass is used, and the oxygen concentration during the evaluation is stable. It was confirmed that the content was 5 ppm or less.
- Each reaction test was conducted at 1600 ° C. for 3 hours. After the reaction test, the lining of the high-frequency induction furnace was disassembled, and the thickness of the embrittlement layer formed on the surface (the furnace inner surface of the high-frequency induction furnace) that became the sliding surface of the plate refractory was measured.
- Table 1 it represented with the index
- Non-Patent Document 2 the reaction test with the above-mentioned hot metal was performed to determine the structure of the sliding surface when receiving steel with low free oxygen concentration in molten steel such as Al killed steel. This is a test that can be reproduced well.
- the thermal shock resistance was evaluated by a so-called immersion thermal shock test in which a sample was immersed in the hot metal in a high-frequency induction furnace and the degree of cracking of the sample after cooling was evaluated. Specifically, a 40 mm ⁇ 40 mm ⁇ 180 mm sample was cut out from the plate refractory, and this was immersed in 1600 ° C. hot metal for 3 minutes and then air-cooled for 30 minutes three times. The degree of cracking of the sample after the test was observed.
- Examples 1 to 3 have an Al 4 O 4 C component content of 15.0 to 45.0 mass%, an SiO 2 component content of 2.0 mass%, and a free carbon component content.
- the amount is 3.0% by mass and the content of the metal Al component is 1.0% by mass or less, both of which are within the scope of the present invention, and characteristics such as apparent porosity, air permeability, bending strength, thermal expansion coefficient, etc. Are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the results of a reaction test with molten steel and hot metal showed that the formation of the brittle layer was slight and the thermal shock resistance was evaluated well. As a result of testing the materials of Examples 1 to 3 with an actual machine, good durability was obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 has a low Al 4 O 4 C content of 13.0% by mass and a low thermal expansion coefficient reduction effect. Cannot expect durability.
- the content of the Al 4 O 4 C component is as high as 48.0% by mass, so that the thermal expansion coefficient is remarkably reduced, and when the plate is removed from the sliding nozzle device after actual use, The shrink-fitted band (HB) was shifted, the dismantling property was poor, the cracks were enlarged, and it was difficult to recycle and was defective.
- the content of free carbon component is 2.0% by mass and 4.5% by mass, respectively, the content of Al 4 O 4 C component is 30.0% by mass, SiO 2
- the content of the component is 2.0% by mass and the content of the metallic Al component is 1.0% by mass or less, which is within the scope of the present invention, such as apparent porosity, air permeability, bending strength, thermal expansion coefficient, etc. Properties are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the results of a reaction test with molten steel and hot metal showed that the formation of the brittle layer was slight and the thermal shock resistance was evaluated well.
- Comparative Example 3 has a low free carbon component content of 1.0% by mass, resulting in a high elastic modulus and inferior thermal shock resistance evaluation results.
- the SiO 2 component content is 0.5% by mass and 4.0% by mass, respectively, and the Al 4 O 4 C component content is 30.0% by mass, free carbon.
- the content of the component is 3.0% by mass and the content of the metal Al component is 1.0% by mass or less, which is within the scope of the present invention, such as apparent porosity, air permeability, bending strength, thermal expansion coefficient, etc. Properties are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the results of a reaction test with molten steel and hot metal showed that the formation of the brittle layer was slight and the thermal shock resistance was evaluated well.
- Comparative Example 5 does not contain a SiO 2 component, it could not be digested and regenerated when processed for recovery after reuse and after processing and after processing.
- Comparative Example 6 since the content of the SiO 2 component was as high as 4.5% by mass, formation of an embrittled layer was remarkable in a reaction test with hot metal.
- the content of the Al 4 O 4 C component is 30.0% by mass
- the content of the SiO 2 component is 2.0% by mass
- the content of the free carbon component is 3.0% by mass. %
- the content of the metal Al component is 1.0% by mass or less, within the scope of the present invention, and characteristics such as apparent porosity, air permeability, bending strength, and thermal expansion coefficient are also within the scope of the present invention.
- Example 8 and Example 9 were produced by high pressure molding, in Example 8, the apparent porosity was as low as 7.8%, and in Example 9, the apparent porosity was 7.0% and the air permeability was 8 ⁇ 10. It is as low as -17 m 2 and both have high elastic modulus.
- Example 10 the heat treatment temperature was 1000 ° C., the content of Al 4 O 4 C component was 30.0% by mass, the content of SiO 2 component was 2.0% by mass, and the content of free carbon component was 2.
- 0% by mass and the content of the metal Al component are 1.0% by mass or less, and characteristics such as apparent porosity, air permeability, bending strength, and thermal expansion coefficient are also within the scope of the present invention. It is. Therefore, the results of a reaction test with molten steel and hot metal showed that the formation of the brittle layer was slight and the thermal shock resistance was evaluated well.
- Comparative Example 8 the molding pressure at the time of molding the plate refractory was adjusted, and the bulk density was set low. Therefore, in Comparative Example 8, the firing temperature is 1200 ° C., the content of the Al 4 O 4 C component is 30.0% by mass, the content of the SiO 2 component is 2.0% by mass, and the content of the free carbon component is 2.0 mass% and the content of metal Al component is 1.0 mass% or less, which are within the scope of the present invention, but the apparent porosity is 12.1% and the air permeability is 43 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 17 m. 2 and the denseness is insufficient, and the bending strength is as low as 14 MPa.
- Example 11 was pitch-impregnated, and within the scope of the present invention, the content of free carbon component was increased, and the carbon component was uniformly present in the refractory structure.
- the reduction reaction in the refractory structure progressed, and the formation of a slightly brittle layer tended to be thick.
- the formation of the brittle layer was negligible.
- the high oxygen content steel showed slight damage to the sliding surface, but when the low oxygen content steel was received, the sliding surface damage tended to be slightly larger. Overall, however, the results were better than the comparative products.
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Abstract
Description
例えば,非特許文献1では,極低炭素Alキルド鋼(炭素濃度;20ppm),低炭素Alキルド鋼(炭素濃度;410ppm),極低炭素Siキルド鋼(炭素濃度;20ppm)の3種類の鋼を電気炉に入れ,真空置換を行ったAr雰囲気下,1560℃の温度条件で,アルミナ微粉と炭素から構成される単純系試料と反応させる試験を行い,界面の組織の評価と考察を行っている。その結果,極低炭素Alキルド鋼(炭素濃度;20ppm)との反応試験結果として,試料の稼動面で200μm程度の,脆化層の形成,すなわち炭素とAl2O3粒の消失が確認されており,低炭素Alキルド鋼(炭素濃度;410ppm)でも同様に,炭素とAl2O3粒が消失した100μm程度の脆化層の形成が確認されている。
また,非特許文献2では,Alキルド鋼等の溶鋼中のフリー酸素濃度が低い鋼を受鋼したプレートの摺動面を観察し,炭素とAl2O3粒が消失した脆化層が形成されることを確認している。
また特に,溶鋼中のフリー酸素濃度が低い鋼を受鋼する場合に好適なプレート耐火物及びその製造方法を提供することである。
SiO2(s)+3C(s)=SiC(s)+2CO(g) …式1
3Al2O3・2SiO2(s)+12C(s)
=3Al2O3(s)+2SiC(s)+4CO(g)+12C(s) …式2
ZrO2(s)+3C(s)=ZrC(s)+2CO(g) …式3
Al2O3(s)+3C(s)=2Al(g)+3CO(g) …式4
Al2O3(s)+2C(s)=Al2O(g)+2CO(g) …式5
(1)炭素成分量を必要最小限度に留める。
(2)SiO2成分量及びZrO2成分量を必要最小限度に留める。
(3)金属Al成分量を必要最小限度に留める。
(4)耐火物組織を緻密化する。
なお,前記の「必要最小限度」とは,他の代替手段を採った上で,強度,耐熱衝撃性,耐食性等のバランス上,必要な概ね最少の相対的な量・程度をいう。
2Al4O4C(s)+3C(s)
=2Al2O3(s)+Al4C3(s)+2CO(g) …式6
そしてこの式6の反応は,Fact Sageを用いた1550℃の温度条件での計算によると1atmでも生じることがわかった。
1.鋼の鋳造に用いるスライディングノズル用プレート耐火物であって,
Al4O4C成分を15質量%以上45質量%以下,フリーの炭素成分を2.0質量%以上4.5質量%以下,SiO2成分を0.5質量%以上4.0質量%以下,金属Al成分を1.0質量%以下(ゼロを含む),残部にAl2O3成分を主成分として含有し,
摺動面となる面を含み当該摺動面となる面に対して垂直方向の通気率が40×10-17m2以下,見掛け気孔率が11.0%以下である,スライディングノズル用プレート耐火物。
2.前記の通気率が5×10-17m2以上40×10-17m2以下,見掛け気孔率が8.0%以上11.0%以下である,前記1に記載のスライディングノズル用プレート耐火物。
3.1000℃非酸化雰囲気中での熱膨張率が0.5%以上0.6%以下,室温での曲げ強さが15MPa以上40MPa以下である,前記1又は前記2に記載のスライディングノズル用プレート耐火物。
4. 前記の鋼は,鋳造時の溶鋼中のフリー酸素濃度が30ppm以下である,前記1から前記3のいずれかに記載のスライディングノズル用プレート耐火物。
5.金属Al又はAl含有合金を含み,前記金属Al又はAl含有合金中の金属Al成分の総量が2.0質量%以上10.0質量%以下である坏土を成形し,非酸化雰囲気中で1000℃以上の温度で熱処理をして,耐火物中の金属Al成分の含有量を1.0質量%以下(ゼロを含む)とする工程を含む,前記1から前記4のいずれかに記載のスライディングノズル用プレート耐火物の製造方法。
6. タール,ピッチ又は熱硬化性樹脂を含浸する工程を含まない,前記5に記載のスライディングノズル用プレート耐火物の製造方法。
特に,従来は損傷が大きくなる傾向が観られた,溶鋼中のフリー酸素濃度が30ppm以下の鋼の鋳造において,スライディングノズル用プレートの摺動面の面荒れを顕著に減少させることができ,安定した高耐用性を得ることができる。
(a)プレート耐火物の各成分源となる原料を所定量配合し混和して原料配合物を得る。
(b)この原料配合物に,熱処理後に炭素結合を生じ,かつ成形時の坏土の湿潤状態の調整剤としても使用可能な樹脂,さらには必要に応じて溶剤等を添加し混練して坏土を得る。
(c)この坏土を任意の方法,圧力で加圧し成形して成形体を得る。
(d)この成形体を乾燥し非酸化雰囲気中で熱処理(焼成)する。
(e)必要に応じて,研磨,メタルバンドを巻く等の加工を行う。
さらに,例えばAl4O4C含有原料については,好ましくはアーク溶融法で製造されたAl4O4C含有原料を使用する等,各原料はできる限り緻密なものを選定し,オイルプレス又はフリクションプレスで,100MPa以上の圧力で成形する等の方法を採ることができる。
また,坏土の,特に微粉域の粒度構成を密な充填傾向になるように,例えば微粉域を小径化する,大・中・小各粒度域の構成割合を調整する,成形時に加える圧力を高める,絞め回数を増やす,加圧時の速度等を調整する等の方法によっても,前述の通気率に合致させることができる。
見掛け気孔率の調整もこれら手法と同様である。
なお,見掛け気孔率だけでは組織の緻密性を正確に把握・表現できない側面もあるので,通気率との総合的な評価によって緻密性を判断する必要がある。
SiO2成分については,JIS-R2216による蛍光X線回折法により定量化を行った
フリーの炭素成分(表1では「F.C.」と表記)については,JIS-R2011に規定の方法に準拠して定量化を行った。
具体的にはプレート耐火物の摺動面となる面が高周波誘導炉の炉内面になるように高周波誘導炉に内張りし,溶鋼又は溶銑との反応試験により形成された脆化層を評価した。
溶鋼中の酸素によるプレート摺動面の脆化層(溶鋼に関しては酸化,脱炭が主要因である)の評価方法としては,溶鋼としてSS400を用いて試験中のフリー酸素濃度が30~50ppmの範囲になるようにSi及びカーボンを添加して調整した。
耐火物内部の還元反応を主とする脆化層形成の評価方法としては,鋼中に殆ど酸素を含有しない,炭素含有量が約4質量%の溶銑を用い,評価中の酸素濃度が安定して5ppm以下となることを確認した。
反応試験は,それぞれ1600℃で3時間行った。反応試験後,高周波誘導炉の内張りを解体し,前記プレート耐火物の摺動面となる面(高周波誘導炉の炉内面)に形成された脆化層の厚みを測定した。表1では,実施例1の脆化層の厚みを100とする指数で表記した。この指数が小さいほど脆化層の厚みが小さく,耐面荒れ性に優れているということである。なお,前述の溶銑との反応試験は,前記非特許文献2に記載されているように,Alキルド鋼等の溶鋼中のフリー酸素濃度が低い鋼を受鋼する場合の摺動面の組織を良く再現できる試験である。
これに対して比較例1はAl4O4C成分の含有量が13.0質量%と少なく,熱膨張率の低減効果が小さいことから,耐熱衝撃性の評価結果は亀裂が大きく,良好な耐用性を期待できない。また比較例2はAl4O4C成分の含有量が48.0質量%と多いことから,熱膨張率が著しく低くなり,実使用後プレートをスライディングノズル装置から取り外す際に,プレートの外周に焼き嵌めしたバンド(HB)がずれ,解体性が悪く,亀裂も拡大し,再生使用することが困難となり不良であった。
これに対して比較例3はフリーの炭素成分の含有量が1.0質量%と少ないことから,弾性率が高くなり,耐熱衝撃性の評価結果が劣ることから,実機においても良好な耐用性を得ることは期待できない。また比較例4はフリーの炭素成分が5.0質量%と多いことから,溶鋼,溶銑との反応試験結果では脆化層の形成が厚く,実機においても良好な耐用性を得ることは期待できない。
これに対して比較例5はSiO2成分を含有しないことから,実使用後に回収し再生使用するために加工する際及び加工後に消化し,再生することができなかった。また比較例6はSiO2成分の含有量が4.5質量%と多いことから,溶銑との反応試験で脆化層の形成が顕著であった。
これに対して比較例7は,焼成温度が900℃と低いため,高圧成形を行ったにもかかわらず熱処理中の金属Alの反応が少なく緻密化が不十分で,金属Al成分の含有量が1.0質量%超であった。よって,溶鋼,溶銑との反応試験結果も脆化層の形成が顕著であり,実機テストでも顕著な面荒れが生じ良好な耐用性は得られなかった。
Claims (6)
- 鋼の鋳造に用いるスライディングノズル用プレート耐火物であって,
Al4O4C成分を15質量%以上45質量%以下,フリーの炭素成分を2.0質量%以上4.5質量%以下,SiO2成分を0.5質量%以上4.0質量%以下,金属Al成分を1.0質量%以下(ゼロを含む),残部にAl2O3成分を主成分として含有し,
摺動面となる面を含み当該摺動面となる面に対して垂直方向の通気率が40×10-17m2以下,見掛け気孔率が11.0%以下である,スライディングノズル用プレート耐火物。 - 前記の通気率が5×10-17m2以上40×10-17m2以下,見掛け気孔率が8.0%以上11.0%以下である,請求項1に記載のスライディングノズル用プレート耐火物。
- 1000℃非酸化雰囲気中での熱膨張率が0.5%以上0.6%以下,室温での曲げ強さが15MPa以上40MPa以下である,請求項1又は請求項2に記載のスライディングノズル用プレート耐火物。
- 前記の鋼は,鋳造時の溶鋼中のフリー酸素濃度が30ppm以下である,請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載のスライディングノズル用プレート耐火物。
- 金属Al又はAl含有合金を含み,前記金属Al又はAl含有合金中の金属Al成分の総量が2.0質量%以上10.0質量%以下である坏土を成形し,非酸化雰囲気中で1000℃以上の温度で熱処理をして,耐火物中の金属Al成分の含有量を1.0質量%以下(ゼロを含む)とする工程を含む,請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載のスライディングノズル用プレート耐火物の製造方法。
- タール,ピッチ又は熱硬化性樹脂を含浸する工程を含まない,請求項5に記載のスライディングノズル用プレート耐火物の製造方法。
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WO2021117742A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-17 | 黒崎播磨株式会社 | 耐火物 |
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JP6855646B1 (ja) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-04-07 | 黒崎播磨株式会社 | スライディングノズルプレート用耐火物及びその製造方法 |
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