WO2021117742A1 - 耐火物 - Google Patents
耐火物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021117742A1 WO2021117742A1 PCT/JP2020/045737 JP2020045737W WO2021117742A1 WO 2021117742 A1 WO2021117742 A1 WO 2021117742A1 JP 2020045737 W JP2020045737 W JP 2020045737W WO 2021117742 A1 WO2021117742 A1 WO 2021117742A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/14—Closures
- B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
- B22D41/28—Plates therefor
- B22D41/30—Manufacturing or repairing thereof
- B22D41/32—Manufacturing or repairing thereof characterised by the materials used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/101—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
- C04B35/103—Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing non-oxide refractory materials, e.g. carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/101—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
- C04B35/106—Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing zirconium oxide or zircon (ZrSiO4)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refractory material that is not impregnated with tar, pitch, etc., and is a sliding nozzle that controls the flow rate of molten steel, especially when discharging molten steel from a ladle or tundish in continuous steel casting, or the upper part or the upper portion thereof. It relates to refractories for nozzles (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "nozzles") that are installed at the bottom and form a passage path for molten steel.
- the refractory for the sliding nozzle for continuous casting specifically, the sliding nozzle plate (hereinafter, also referred to as “SNP”) will be referred to.
- the SNP is used in a sliding nozzle when injecting molten steel from a molten steel ladle into a tundish or from a tundish into a mold, and is a plate-shaped refractory having a molten steel passage hole near the center thereof. .. Then, two or three SNPs are stacked in the sliding nozzle, and one of the SNPs is slid to adjust the overlapping opening degree of the molten steel passage hole portion and control the flow rate of the molten steel.
- the SNP is housed in a sliding nozzle device (hereinafter, also referred to as “SN device”) provided with a metal frame having sliding and pressurizing functions, and the SNP is pressurized from the side surface as well as the surface pressure. It is used in a restrained environment. SNPs are used under harsh conditions where high-temperature fluid passes through the holes in a restrained environment, but when adjusting the flow rate, they are often cast with the overlapping part of the molten steel passage holes narrowed, which is called throttle injection. Since the refractory around the molten steel passage hole is exposed for a long time in a negative pressure environment under a high temperature molten steel flow velocity, the damage to the refractory is also large. As for SNP damage, chemical damage and physical damage proceed at the same time.
- SN device sliding nozzle device
- Chemical damage includes melting damage due to contact reaction with slag-based inclusions in steel, and refractory due to gasification components with high vapor pressure such as Ca in the steel components under a negative pressure environment around the molten steel passage holes.
- the erosion action overlaps, and the wear around the molten steel passage hole progresses.
- the embrittlement reaction due to the porosity of the structure proceeds due to the sublimation of the easily gasified components constituting the refractory, and the phenomenon that the SNP sliding surface becomes rough progresses.
- gas phase oxidation also progresses in the part exposed to the high temperature oxidizing atmosphere.
- Patent Document 1 describes 700 to 1500 molded articles made of a refractory material containing 1 to 10% by mass of a carbon raw material and metal powders and an organic binder.
- Manufacture of plate patents for sliding nozzle devices which are obtained by weakly oxidative firing for 6 to 48 hours in an atmosphere where the oxygen partial pressure is adjusted to 10 to 10000 ppm at a temperature of ° C, impregnated with tar, and then subjected to caulking treatment. The method is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 has a composition of 40 to 80% by mass of alumina, 20 to 60% by mass of magnesia, and 8.0% by mass or less of an unavoidable impurity component, and is composed of a magnesia-alumina spinel in which carbon is absent, and has a dynamic modulus.
- a plate brick in which a plate brick having a specific elastic modulus of 40 GPa or more is subjected to a pitch or tar impregnation treatment. Further, in paragraph [0039], "The impregnation treatment may be performed by putting the fired plate brick into a melting tank of tar or pitch, which is set to a predetermined temperature in the range of 100 to 400 ° C. in advance.
- the impregnation process may be performed after the deaeration process is performed to remove the air in the plate brick.
- the impregnation step and the re-baking process may be repeated a plurality of times. " In the examples, an example in which the impregnation step is repeated twice is also disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 describes a method for producing a refractory plate for a sliding nozzle, which comprises molding a refractory raw material into a predetermined shape, firing the obtained molded product, and then pitch-impregnating and heat-treating the obtained fired product.
- a method for producing a refractory plate for a sliding nozzle characterized in that the pitch or the like used in the pitch impregnation treatment is 1% by mass or less of quinoline insoluble content and 25% by mass or more of fixed carbon content. ing.
- Patent Document 4 does not impregnate and has a low pore size.
- a continuous particle size distribution system in which the fire-resistant inorganic raw material, the carbonaceous raw material and the metallic raw material have a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 4000 ⁇ m or less is formed, and the continuous particle size distribution system is formed.
- the particle size distribution system divides the particles from the maximum particle size to the minimum particle size by 2 square roots in order to divide them into multiple particle size distributions, and the volume ratio r of the particles included in the particle size range of the particle size distributions adjacent to each other (that is, Continuous particle size adjusted so that the volume% of particles contained in the larger particle size range divided by the volume% of particles contained in the particle size range immediately below) is 0.8 to 1.4.
- a carbon-containing slide gate plate characterized by being a distributed system is disclosed.
- a refractory material is formed by molding the clay for molding using a friction press or an oil press, and then heat-treating it in a non-oxidizing atmosphere of about 500 ° C. to 1400 ° C. (Hereinafter, also referred to as "unglazed product") is manufactured.
- the apparent porosity of unglazed products is usually about 10 to 15%.
- a unglazed product with such physical properties is prone to chemical damage, and long-term casting tends to make flow control difficult due to fusion peeling during sliding and progress of surface roughness. Therefore, the unglazed product is immersed in liquid pitch, tar, etc. (hereinafter, these are also collectively referred to as "pitch, etc.”), and open pores existing between the particles are used by methods such as vacuum impregnation and pressure impregnation.
- a densification treatment is generally performed by impregnating the inside with pitch or the like (hereinafter, also referred to as “pitch or the like impregnation treatment”). After impregnation with pitch, etc., usually for the purpose of removing harmful volatile components derived from pitch, etc.
- the caulking process is performed in the range of 800 ° C.
- the impregnation process such as pitch is performed once or multiple times in some cases, and the caulking process is performed accompanying or as necessary with the impregnation process such as pitch.
- the apparent porosity of the refractory after such impregnation treatment such as pitch and caulking treatment is generally about 1% to 7%, and the impregnation treatment such as pitch is effective as a means for improving the density. Furthermore, if the impregnation treatment such as pitch is performed, there is an advantage in terms of manufacturing that the quality of the unglazed product and the variation in the structure can be complemented or repaired to improve the quality, which also generalizes the impregnation treatment such as pitch. It is considered to be one of the reasons.
- Patent Document 4 aims to provide a refractory material having a high density and excellent corrosion resistance without performing the impregnation treatment such as pitch in order to solve the problem (1) of the impregnated product such as pitch. ..
- problems such as oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and thermal shock resistance can be sufficiently solved only by densification of the structure by the filling property operation by combining different particle sizes of the raw material particles constituting the refractory as in Patent Document 4. We have found that this is not possible.
- the present invention firstly solves the problem (1), that is, for nozzles such as SNPs which do not generate harmful volatile matter and have durability equal to or higher than that of impregnated products such as pitch.
- the purpose is to provide refractories, and secondly, to solve the problems (2) to (3) above, that is, nozzles such as SNPs, which have higher corrosion resistance and heat impact resistance than impregnated products such as pitch.
- the purpose is to provide refractories for use.
- the present invention is the refractory according to the following 1 to 5.
- 1. In refractories not impregnated with tar or pitch As a physical property value of a refractory sample heat-treated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 1200 ° C. Apparent porosity is 7% or less, The total pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less is 80% or more of the integrated pore volume of the entire refractory sample. Air permeability is 50 x 10-17 m 2 or less, A refractory that is characterized by being. 2.
- the refractory according to 1 above wherein the Weibull coefficient (shape index) obtained from a three-point bending test of a sample cut out from a portion other than the dowel portion when the refractory is molded into a plate for a sliding nozzle is 15 or more. .. 3. 3. Of the three-point bending test results of the refractory sample, the value of the average strength ratio obtained by dividing the average bending strength obtained from the dowel portion by the average bending strength obtained from other than the dowel portion is 0.9 or more. The refractory according to 1 above. 4.
- the ratio (Vf / Vr) of the volume-accumulation ratio Vf to the volume-accumulation ratio Vr of the inorganic raw material particles having a particle size of 1 mm or more is 1.0 or more and 1.6 or less, and the total volume ratio of (Vf + Vr) is 50.
- the refractory material 5 according to any one of 1 to 3 above, wherein a coating layer containing fine powder having a particle size of 45 ⁇ m or less is formed together with an organic resin on the surface of inorganic raw material particles having a particle size of at least 1 mm or more.
- the molding clay is one type selected from the chemical components of Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , MgO, ZrO 2 , or Al 2 at a ratio of 100% by mass of the whole molding clay.
- the present inventors need to densify the refractory structure to the level of the impregnated apparent porosity without performing the impregnation treatment by pitch or the like in the refractory manufacturing process. I found that I had sex. Although the conventional impregnation treatment such as pitch can achieve densification of the structure, the substance existing between the particles of the refractory structure at the time of casting becomes a carbon component (so-called residual carbon) derived from pitch or the like.
- these carbon components are excellent in suppressing the infiltration of slag components into the refractory structure, they are easily dissolved in molten steel by contact with molten steel or oxidizing gas, or are oxidized and eliminated by contact with oxidizing gas. There is.
- the disappearance of the carbon component on the SNP surface causes quality deterioration such as an increase in porosity, an increase in porosity, an increase in air permeability, and a decrease in strength of the refractory sliding surface.
- the infiltration of foreign components such as molten steel and slag is enhanced, and surface roughness due to a decrease in strength and gasification reaction are promoted, which causes fusion peeling.
- casting in order to maintain a high degree of corrosion resistance even under harsh conditions of long-term or multiple uses such as SNP, that is, to suppress these chemical damages to the extent that they can withstand long-term or multiple uses, casting
- the present inventors have found that it is most important to maintain low air permeability by suppressing an increase in porosity, an increase in pore diameter, and a decrease in strength.
- the apparent porosity of the refractory sample after heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 1200 ° C. is 7% or less and the pore diameter is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the total porosity volume is 80% or more of the integrated porosity volume of the entire refractory sample, and the porosity is 50 ⁇ 10 -17 m 2 or less.
- the present inventors have found that in order to obtain such physical properties, it is necessary to bring the refractory inorganic particles as close as possible to each other in the molding process and to extremely increase the substrate density in the molding process. ..
- the fire-resistant aggregates are in direct contact with each other in the mold and the internal frictional force is increased, the particles are bridged during the molding, the moldability is lowered, and the molding density cannot be increased. If the coarse aggregates come into contact with each other at the same time, the voids existing between the coarse aggregates become large defects, and the physical damage resistance also deteriorates.
- the structure inside the refractory is ,
- the structure is such that relatively large open pores are continuous to the deep part of the refractory, and the matrix structure between the particles is extremely thin, and the particles are in very short distances, or the particles are in direct contact with each other without the matrix structure in between. It becomes a structure that exists in. Refractories with such a structure can withstand use immediately after production or in the early stages of casting to some extent, but suppress the intrusion of oxygen and molten steel-derived components into the refractory structure over time.
- the present inventors further have a particle size of less than 1 mm between a single inorganic raw material particle having a particle size of 1 mm or more and another single inorganic raw material particle having a particle size of 1 mm or more in the refractory structure.
- the structure of the refractory of the present invention has a high degree of homogeneity and structure.
- the homogeneity including these denseness is low, it is not possible to secure chemical damage resistance or physical damage resistance as a whole refractory such as a particularly large nozzle and its durability for a long time.
- the present inventors evaluate and specify the homogeneity including the fineness of the structure of such a refractory by the Weibull coefficient (shape index) obtained from the three-point bending test, and set it to 15 or more. Was found to be valid.
- the Weibull coefficient is obtained from a three-point bending test of a sample cut out from a portion other than the dowel portion when the refractory is molded into a plate for a sliding nozzle.
- the "dowel portion” refers to a portion of a plate-like object having both front and back surfaces parallel or substantially parallel planes, which protrudes from the plane on any one of the planes, and the "dowel portion" in the present invention.
- the “part” includes the area directly below the protruding part (see FIG. 1).
- the sample obtained from the dowel portion includes a sample containing a part of the dowel portion. That is, the 4th to 7th samples from the left in FIG. 1 are the samples obtained from the dowel portion (samples cut out from the dowel portion).
- the present inventors limit the intermediate particle size as shown below for the particle size composition of the inorganic raw material particles in the clay for molding, and mainly use coarse particles and fine particles. Further, the particles having a coating layer containing fine powder having a particle size of 45 ⁇ m or less and an organic resin and exhibiting plasticity on the surface of individual inorganic raw material particles having a particle size of at least 1 mm were formed, and the clay composed of the particles was formed. It was found that by molding using the particles, the friction between the particles is reduced, the distance between the particles is close, and the molding density is greatly improved.
- the present inventors set the particle size when the total amount of inorganic particles (including metal and carbide particles) excluding carbonaceous (excluding compounds) and organic matter in the clay for molding is 100% by volume.
- the ratio (Vf / Vr) of the volume ratio Vf occupied by the fine powder inorganic raw material particles of 45 ⁇ m or less to the volume ratio Vr occupied by the coarse particle inorganic raw material particles having a particle size of 1 mm or more is 1.0 or more and 1.6 or less.
- a general refractory contains several kinds of inorganic raw material particles with different chemical components and mineral phases, and each raw material has a particle size distribution from coarse particles (generally 1 mm or more) to fine particles (submicron range).
- the purpose is to make a refractory product that has both excellent thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance by appropriately blending it in a range, for example, in a continuous distribution.
- component segregation and particle size segregation occur in the structure to a considerable extent, and the characteristics of the refractory are significantly deteriorated.
- the refractory of the present invention is organic on a part or all of the surface of the inorganic raw material particles having a particle size of 1 mm or more in the above particle size structure in order to prevent particle size segregation and component segregation in the refractory structure.
- a coating layer containing fine powder having a particle size of 45 ⁇ m or less together with the based resin the moldability becomes extremely good and a dense and uniform structure with few defects can be obtained.
- the Weibull coefficient is used as an index of homogeneity, it also has an aspect as an evaluation of resistance to fracture.
- the average strength ratio obtained by dividing the average strength of the dowel portion by the average strength other than the dowel portion when molded into a plate for a sliding nozzle is the resistance to edge melting and edge chipping, which is known as the damage form of the dowel portion.
- the present inventors have found that it can be used as an evaluation.
- the average strength ratio as an evaluation criterion of the resistance to edge melting and edge chipping in the present invention is 0.9 or more, which is larger than the average strength ratio of the prior art and closer to 1.
- the refractory material of the present invention has a smaller distribution width of the strength level, that is, the variation depending on the location in the molded body due to the shape of the molded body than the refractory material in the prior art.
- an SNP or the like that does not generate harmful volatile matter has a durability equal to or higher than that of an impregnated product such as pitch, and has higher corrosion resistance and heat impact resistance than an impregnated product such as pitch.
- Refractories for nozzles can be provided. Further, since the manufacturing process does not include an impregnation step such as pitch, an increase in manufacturing cost can be suppressed and a manufacturing required period can be shortened as compared with an impregnated product such as pitch.
- the chemical composition of the molding soil is 100% by mass, and the molding soil is made of 100% by mass.
- One or more selected from Si and Mg can be contained in a total amount of 1% by mass or more and less than 7% by mass, and a carbon component can be contained in an amount of 1% by mass or more and less than 4% by mass.
- SiC carbides component selected from B 4 C is mainly to inhibit oxidation of the refractory.
- One or more selected from Al, Si, and Mg as metals enhances the strength of the refractory after heat treatment and suppresses the oxidation of the refractory.
- the inorganic material particles can be used in the present invention, the chemical component from one or the two or more selected, or they comprise two or more compounds or mineral consisting of a solid solution, Al 2 O 3 system (corundum, mullite, containing sillimanite group), Al 2 O 3 -MgO, ZrO 2, Al 2 O 3 -ZrO 2, ZrO 2 -2Al 2 O 3 ⁇ SiO 2, ZrO 2 -CaO, SiO 2 system, SiC, B 4 It can be selected from general raw materials such as C. In particular, oxide particles are added mainly for the purpose of imparting corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance.
- the fire-resistant raw material for corrosion resistance is appropriately selected from component systems such as Al 2 O 3 system, Al 2 O 3- MgO, MgO, and ZrO 2 according to the steel type.
- component systems such as Al 2 O 3 system, Al 2 O 3- MgO, MgO, and ZrO 2 according to the steel type.
- Al 2 O 3 system material of neutral oxide is selected.
- calcium treated steel, high manganese steel, Al 2 O 3 -MgO against special grades such as those containing high oxygen steel and basic inclusions basic application of MgO is preferred, also, ZrO 2 based materials However, it is also excellent in terms of corrosion resistance.
- the raw material species showing the raw material species and low expansion properties with hysteresis as thermal expansion characteristics such as Al 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 material, ZrO 2 -2Al 2 O 3 ⁇ SiO 2 raw material , Unstable ZrO 2 Raw materials can be selected to improve durability. If Al 2 O 3, brown alumina, white alumina, even raw material such as calcined alumina, also can be expected similar improvement regardless of whether it is calcined sintered material is fused raw material, Al 2 the same applies to the O 3 system other than the other components of minerals.
- the total amount of the carbonaceous (excluding the compound) and the raw material particles (inorganic raw material particles) excluding the organic particles in the clay for molding is 100% by volume, and the diameter is 45 ⁇ m.
- the ratio (Vf / Vr) of the total volume ratio Vf of the following inorganic raw material particles to the volume total ratio Vr of the inorganic raw material particles having a particle size of 1 mm or more is 1.0 or more and 1.6 or less, (Vf + Vr).
- the total volume ratio is 50% by volume or more and 80% by volume or less.
- the carbon component in the present invention is mainly a carbon component derived from a resin of an organic resin having a high carbonization yield such as phenol resin, pitch, etc., but graphite fine powder, soil graphite powder, etc. It can also be blended as a fine carbon powder such as carbon black.
- Organic resins are added for the purpose of improving the plasticity of the clay during the molding process, and for the formation of carbonaceous bonds by heat treatment and the development of strength by reaction with active metals.
- the amount of carbon fine powder added is supplementary to improve moldability as a solid lubricating filler for dendritic resins and to suppress defects in carbonaceous bonds.
- an active metal such as Al, Si, Mg alone or an alloy thereof in anticipation of an increase in the strength of SNP, a densification of the structure, and an antioxidant function.
- Al can be used alone, but when heat-treated at 800 ° C. or higher at the manufacturing stage, it is preferable to use Al and Si in combination in order to suppress digestion by aluminum carbide.
- the total content of these active metal components is preferably 1% by mass or more and less than 7% by mass. If it is less than 1% by mass, a sufficient effect cannot be expected, and if it is 7% by mass or more, the thermal shock resistance decreases and physical damage increases.
- general refractories contain several types of inorganic raw material particles with different chemical components and mineral phases, and each raw material has a particle size from coarse particles (+1 mm) to fine particles (submicron range).
- a refractory product that has both excellent thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance by appropriately blending it within the range of distribution to form a heterogeneous structure.
- component segregation and particle size segregation occur inside the structure, and the characteristics of refractories are significantly reduced. ing.
- the present inventors have stated that the formation of a bond portion with a well-developed network that envelops coarse particles in the structure reduces the fracture probability of material strength and improves physical damage resistance and chemical damage resistance. I found it. Therefore, in the present invention, the resin portion and the fine powder structure that have taken in the fine powder region of the inorganic raw material particles are uniformly coated around the coarse particles of the inorganic raw material particles, thereby reducing the frictional force between the coarse particles at the molding stage. It is possible to obtain a dense structure in which the raw material particles are close to each other, and at the same time, it is possible to obtain a homogeneous refractory structure in which component segregation and particle size segregation are unlikely to occur.
- the carbon component containing carbon derived from such a resin is preferably contained in an amount of 1% by mass or more and less than 4% by mass. If it is less than 1% by mass, it becomes difficult to obtain a sufficient bond portion, and if it is 4% by mass or more, roughening / deterioration of the structure is likely to occur due to elution, oxidation, etc. of the carbon component in the molten steel, and the durability may be lowered. is there.
- the moldability is maximized by the above-mentioned method, a molded product is formed in which the inorganic raw material particles are as close as possible at the molding stage, and the apparent porosity of the unglazed product is reduced to 7% or less. ..
- the apparent porosity exceeds 7%, surface roughness and melting damage due to infiltration of slag and metal become remarkable.
- the total pore volume of the pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less is important, and in order to improve the chemical damage resistance, the integrated pore volume of the entire refractory It turned out that it is necessary to be 80% or more of. It was confirmed that when the total pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less is less than 80%, the chemical damage resistance such as slag and metal infiltration and increase in erosion is reduced.
- Formulations with a particle size distribution in the range shown above include coarse particle size range (particle size 1 mm or more), intermediate particle size range (particle size more than 45 ⁇ m and less than 1 mm), fine particle size range (particle size 45 ⁇ m or less), binder (organic). Weigh it separately (based resin).
- a general mixer such as a pan-type mixer, Erich mixer, planetary mixer, high-speed mixer, etc., after adding the entire amount of the coarse grain size range and the intermediate grain size range of the inorganic raw material particles, about 50 to about 50 of the total binder Add 80% and knead for a predetermined time.
- the remaining binder and the entire amount of fine powder are added, and the coarse particles, intermediate particles, and fine particles of the inorganic raw material particles and the organic resin are kneaded so as to form a uniform mixture.
- an organic resin having a high carbonization yield such as phenol resin, pitch, or furan resin can be used. Any form of the organic resin to be added can be used as long as it can obtain a binder effect such as liquid, liquid + powder, or powder, immobilization of the fine powder layer, and densification.
- the amount of the organic resin added is in the range of 0.5 to 10% by mass, preferably 1 to 5% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the raw material mixture.
- the molding soil obtained as described above is molded into a predetermined shape using a press machine such as an oil press or a friction press, which is usually used.
- the kneading time until the clay is densified and becomes the volatile matter required for molding may be appropriately optimized according to various conditions in the kneading machine, the molding machine, the kneading process, the molding process, and the like.
- the obtained molded product is cured and dried at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C., and then fired in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature range of 500 ° C. to 1400 ° C., preferably 850 ° C. to 1300 ° C.
- Example A is an example in which the effects on heat impact resistance, surface roughness, corrosion resistance, etc. are investigated by changing the apparent porosity, the ratio of the pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less, and the air permeability.
- Raw material of refractories in this Example A the most common Al 2 O 3 system, the artificial particles consisting corundum mainly, and Al 2 O 3 ⁇ ZrO 2 quality particles, SiC and B4C powder, and metallic Al powder , (Vf / Vr) obtained by the above method is 1.0 or more and 1.6 or less, and the total volume ratio of (Vf + Vr) obtained by the method is in the range of 50% by volume or more and 80% by volume or less, and any example.
- the molding clay was adjusted so that the values would be almost the same. The same applies to Examples B to D described later.
- the chemical components (mass%) in terms of inorganic substances excluding the volatile parts in the molding soil of Examples A to D are shown in Tables 1 to 4.
- the fixed carbon amount was calculated as the carbon component.
- Example B Example C
- Example D Example D
- Heat-resistant impact resistance A 40 mm square prismatic sample (a refractory sample heat-treated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 1200 ° C.; the same applies hereinafter) is immersed for 3 minutes in a state where pig iron is dissolved in a high-frequency induction furnace and kept at 1600 ° C. Air cool.
- ⁇ excellent
- ⁇ good
- ⁇ good
- the erosion rate was 5 ⁇ m / min or less, it was evaluated as ⁇ (excellent), when it was more than 5 and less than 10 ⁇ m / min, it was evaluated as ⁇ (good), and when it was 10 ⁇ m / min or more, it was evaluated as ⁇ (poor).
- the apparent porosity, the ratio of the pore volume with a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less (porosity distribution), the aeration rate, and the wibble coefficient are the sample shapes 18 ⁇ 18 ⁇ 80 mm heat-treated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 1200 ° C.
- JIS R 2205: 1992 Measurement method of apparent porosity, water absorption, and specific gravity of refractory bricks
- JIS R 1655 2003 (Method of measuring the porosity distribution test of molded materials by mercury press-fitting method of fine ceramics)
- JIS R 2115: 2008 test method for porosity of refractories
- JIS R 1625: 2010 wibble statistical analysis method for strength data of fine ceramics.
- the N number for obtaining the Weibull coefficient of the sample cut out from the part other than the dowel part was set to 15 or more.
- the coating state of particles having a particle size of 1 mm or more was determined by microscopic observation.
- Table 1 shows the configuration and results of each example.
- the apparent porosity is 7% or less
- the total pore volume of the pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less is 80% or more of the integrated porosity of the entire refractory sample
- the air permeability is 50.
- all of the heat impact resistance, surface roughness resistance, corrosion resistance (against FeO), and corrosion resistance (against CaO) are impregnated products from Comparative Example 5.
- a Weibull coefficient of 15 or more can be obtained, and high homogeneity can also be obtained.
- the Weibull coefficient was less than 15 in all the comparative examples that did not satisfy the requirements (1), (2), and (3).
- Example B is an example in which the effects on thermal shock resistance, surface roughness, corrosion resistance, etc. are investigated by changing the apparent porosity and the ratio of pore pore volumes having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less. Each example in Example B was obtained by adjusting the above-mentioned (Vf / Vr).
- Table 2 shows the configuration and results of each example.
- Example C is an example in which the effects on thermal shock resistance, surface roughness, corrosion resistance, etc. are investigated by changing the apparent porosity and air permeability.
- Each example in Example C was obtained by adjusting the above-mentioned (Vf + Vr).
- Table 3 shows the configuration and results of each example.
- Example D is an example in which the chemical composition of the refractory, that is, the composition constituting the refractory is changed, and the influence on the thermal shock resistance, surface roughness property, corrosion resistance, etc. is investigated.
- Each example in Example D was obtained by adjusting the mixing ratio of raw materials (including resin) so that the composition of the refractory sample heat-treated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 1200 ° C. had the composition shown in Table 4. It was. SiC in blending ratio of the raw material, the total amount of B 4 C is the percentage of added amount be reduced by heat treatment, Al, Si, the total amount of Mg is each of the compositions of the metal form, is reduced by heat treatment min Was added.
- SiC either B 4 C was 1 raw material collectively (total amount) because mainly a function of the oxidation resistance and strength adjustment of the refractory at high temperature range.
- Al, Si, and Mg as metal forms mainly have the functions of oxidizing resistance and strength adjustment of refractories from low temperature ranges, they are collectively referred to as one raw material (total amount).
- the rest of these were mainly oxide raw material particles such as Al 2 O 3 raw material particles (main mineral is corundum) and Al 2 O 3 raw material particles containing ZrO 2.
- the amount of C (carbon) shown in Table 4 includes a carbonaceous base material such as particles and C (carbon) derived from a resin, that is, a binder (the same applies to Tables 1 to 3).
- the composition and type of molten steel, the type and content of inclusions in molten steel, and the like affect the damage form and durability.
- the most common major constituents mainly Al 2 O 3 system
- Al 2 O 3, SiO 2, MgO, 1 kind selected from the chemical components of ZrO 2, or Al 2 O 3, SiO 2, MgO, ZrO 2, Cr 2 O 3, 2 or more selected from the chemical components of CaO or various raw materials containing these two or more compounds or solid solutions can be selected.
- Table 4 shows the configuration and results of each example.
- Example 12 the carbon content (carbon component) is as large as 7% by mass and the total of the metal components is 7% by mass at a ratio of 100% by mass of the entire refractory, thermal shock resistance, surface roughness, and CaO. Corrosion resistance to FeO and corrosion resistance to FeO were slightly inferior. Similarly, in Example 13 in which the amount of carbon (carbon component) was as large as 7% by mass and the total amount of carbides was 5% by mass, the thermal shock resistance was slightly inferior.
- Example 18 which does not contain the Al, Si, and Mg components as the metal form, the carbon content (carbon component) is close to the lower limit, so that the carbon component near the surface of the refractory is oxidized or a part of the strength. There was an increase in surface roughness, which was thought to be caused by shortages.
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Abstract
Description
SNPは拘束環境下で高温流体が孔部分を通過する過酷な条件下で使用されるが,流量調整時は絞り注入と呼ばれる溶鋼通過孔の重なり部分を狭くした状態で鋳造されることも多く,溶鋼通過孔周りの耐火物は,高温の溶鋼流速下の負圧環境下で長時間曝されることになるため耐火物の損傷も大きくなる。SNPの損傷は,化学的損傷及び物理的損傷が同時進行する。
物理的損傷としては,特に取鍋用SNPなど大きな熱衝撃がかかる操業環境では,SNPの溶鋼通過孔を中心に放射状の亀裂や孔周りのエッジ部分の欠損現象(以下「エッジ欠け」とも称する。)がある。
SNPは拘束環境下で使用されるため,変形や亀裂が発生し難い十分な強度や弾性率が必要となる。亀裂の発生は,SNPのガスシール性を損なうため,化学的損傷を助長し,地金浸透や溶損が亀裂部を中心に局所的に進行することになり,流量制御に支障を来たし,場合によっては,漏鋼につながる場合もある。
以上のように,SNPの流量制御機能を長時間維持するためには,化学的損傷を抑制し,亀裂,変形を抑制するための,強度特性のバランスよい品質が求められる。
ピッチ等含浸後は,通常有害なピッチ等由来の揮発成分をある程度除去する目的で,あるいは2回目のピッチ等含浸処理を行う際にピッチ等を耐火物組織の深部までよく含浸させる目的で400~800℃の範囲でコーキング処理が行われる。ピッチ等含浸処理は1回又は場合によっては複数回行われ,コーキング処理はピッチ等含浸処理に付随して又は必要に応じて行われる。
さらにピッチ等含浸処理を行うと,素焼き品の品質や組織のバラツキ等を補完ないし修復し,高品質化できるという製造面での利点があり,このこともピッチ等含浸処理を一般化させている理由の一つと考えられる。
(1)製造中や使用中に発生するベンゾピレン等の有害な揮発性成分が人体や環境へ悪影響を及ぼすという問題点がある。
さらにピッチ等含浸処理品には次のような問題点もある。
(2)耐火物組織中の開気孔中に存在するピッチ等由来の残留炭素は,鋼中スラグ成分の組織内への浸透抑制効果や摺動抵抗抑制に一定の効果はあるものの,ピッチ等由来の残留炭素は溶鋼との接触により短時間で溶鋼中へ溶解し,また,酸化性ガスにより容易に酸化消失するため,その効果を維持し難い。
(3)ピッチ等含浸処理することにより,耐熱衝撃性が低下するため,溶鋼通過孔を中心に放射状に亀裂が発生しやすくなり,この亀裂部を中心に地金の侵入や局所的な化学的な損傷を早め,長寿命化の阻害要因となる。
(4)製造所要期間が長くなる等により,コスト上昇を来す。
しかしながら,特許文献4のように耐火物を構成する原料粒子の異なる粒度の組み合わせによる充填性操作による組織の緻密化だけでは,耐酸化性,耐食性,耐熱衝撃性等の問題点は十分に解消することができないことを本発明者らは知見した。
1.
タール又はピッチを含浸していない耐火物において,
1200℃非酸化雰囲気中で熱処理した耐火物試料の物性値として,
見掛気孔率が7%以下,
細孔直径1μm以下の細孔気孔容積の合計が,当該耐火物試料全体の積算細孔気孔容積の80%以上,
通気率が50×10-17m2以下,
であることを特徴とする耐火物。
2.
前記耐火物をスライディングノズル用プレートに成形した場合の,ダボ部以外の部位から切り出した試料の3点曲げ試験より得られるワイブル係数(形状指数)が15以上である,前記1に記載の耐火物。
3.
前記耐火物試料の3点曲げ試験結果のうち,ダボ部より得られた曲げ強さの平均をダボ部以外より得られた曲げ強さの平均で除した平均強度比の値が0.9以上である,前記1に記載の耐火物。
4.
混練,成形,及び熱処理を含む工程により製造される耐火物において,
前記成形用の坏土中の炭素質(化合物を除く)及び有機質の粒子を除く原料粒子(以下「無機質原料粒子」という。)の合量を100体積%として,直径45μm以下の無機質原料粒子の体積の合量割合Vfと,粒径1mm以上の無機質原料粒子の体積合量割合Vrとの比(Vf/Vr)が1.0以上1.6以下,(Vf+Vr)の体積割合の合計が50体積%以上80体積%以下であり,
さらに,少なくとも粒径1mm以上の無機質原料粒子表面に,有機系樹脂とともに粒径45μm以下の微粉を含む被覆層が形成されている,前記1から前記3のいずれか1項に記載の耐火物
5.
前記の成形用の坏土全体を100質量%とする割合で,前記の成形用の坏土が,Al2O3,SiO2,MgO,ZrO2の化学成分から選ばれる1種,若しくはAl2O3,SiO2,MgO,ZrO2,Cr2O3,CaOの化学成分から選ばれる2種以上,又はこれら2種以上の化合物若しくは固溶体を合計で84質量%以上97質量%以下,
SiC,B4Cから選ばれる炭化物成分を合計で4質量%未満(ゼロを含む),
金属としてのAl,Si,Mgから選ばれる1種又は2種以上を合計で1質量%以上7質量%未満,
炭素成分を1質量%以上4質量%未満,
含有する,前記1から前記4のいずれか1項に記載の耐火物。
6.
鋼の連続鋳造に使用するスライディングノズル,又は,その上部若しくは下部に設置されて溶鋼の通過経路をなすノズル用である,前記1から前記5のいずれか1項に記載の耐火物。
本発明者らは,化学的損傷を抑制するためには,耐火物の製造プロセスにおいてピッチ等による含浸処理を行わずに,含浸処理をした見掛気孔率レベルまで耐火物組織を緻密化する必要性があることを見いだした。
これまでのピッチ等含浸処理は,組織の緻密化は果たせるものの,鋳造時の耐火物組織の粒子間に存在する物質は,ピッチ等由来の炭素成分(いわゆる残留炭素)となってしまう。これら炭素成分は,スラグ成分の耐火物組織への浸入抑制効果には優れるものの,溶鋼や酸化性ガスとの接触により容易に溶鋼中への溶解,あるいは酸化性ガスとの接触により酸化消失する特徴がある。SNP表面での炭素成分の消失は,気孔率の増大や気孔径の拡大,通気性の上昇,ひいては耐火物摺動面の強度低下等の品質劣化をもたらす。その結果,溶鋼やスラグなどの外来成分の浸潤性が高まり,強度低下による面荒れや,ガス化反応が促進され融着剥離の原因となる。
特にSNPのように長時間又は多数回の過酷な使用条件にも高度な耐食性等を維持する,すなわちこれらの化学的損傷を長時間又は多数回使用に耐えうる程度に抑制するためには,鋳造中の気孔率の増大や気孔径の拡大,強度低下を抑制し,低通気性を維持することが最も重要であることを本発明者らは見いだした。
しかしながら,金型中で耐火性骨材同士が直接接触し,内部摩擦力が高まるような成形方法では,成形途中に粒子同士がブリッジングし成形性が低下し成形密度を上げることはできない。同時に粗骨材同士が接触した場合には,その粗骨材同士間に存在する空隙部が大きな欠陥となり,物理的な耐損傷性も低下することになる。
このような組織構造の耐火物では,製造直後ないし鋳造初期の使用には或る程度耐えることができるものの,使用時間経過に伴い耐火物組織内部への酸素や溶鋼由来成分の侵入を抑制することができなくなって,化学的損傷抵抗性が低下し,さらにはそれらにより磨耗,機械的な破壊等の物理的損傷に対する抵抗性も低下する。その結果,ピッチ等含浸品の前記問題点(2)に示したような現象に起因する耐用性の低下と同様なまたは同程度の速さでの耐用性の低下を招来すること,さらには粗粒相互が直接接触することにより粒子の熱膨張を緩和することなく周囲の粒子に直接伝播させてしまい,耐熱衝撃性や耐機械的破壊性をも低下させることがわかった。
そして本発明者らは,このような耐火物の組織の緻密性を含む均質性を3点曲げ試験より得られるワイブル係数(形状指数)で評価,特定すること,及びそれを15以上とすることが有効であることを見いだした。すなわち前記ワイブル係数を15以上とすることで,化学的損傷抵抗性と物理的損傷抵抗性の顕著な改善効果を得ることができ,すなわち本発明の課題を解決することができると共に,その長時間等の持続性をも得ることができる。
前記のワイブル係数は当該耐火物をスライディングノズル用プレートに成形した場合の,ダボ部以外の部位から切り出した試料の3点曲げ試験より得る。ここで「ダボ部」とは,表裏の各面が平行又は概ね平行な平面からなる板状物の前記いずれか一つの面上においてその平面から突出している部分を指し,この本発明における「ダボ部」には,前記突出部の直下の領域を含むものとする(図1参照)。なお,本発明において,ダボ部より得られた試料(ダボ部から切り出した試料)には,ダボ部を一部に含む試料を含むものとする。すなわち,図1において左から4~7番目の試料が,ダボ部より得られた試料(ダボ部から切り出した試料)である。
さらに本発明者らは,成形用の坏土中の,炭素質(化合物を除く)及び有機質を除く無機質粒子(金属,炭化物粒子を含む)の合量を100体積%としたときに,粒径45μm以下の微粉の無機質原料粒子の占める体積割合Vfと,粒径1mm以上の粗粒の無機質原料粒子の占める体積割合Vrとの比(Vf/Vr)が1.0以上1.6以下であり,かつ(Vf+Vr)の体積割合の合計が50体積%以上80体積%以下の粒度構成にすることが有効であることを見いだした。
(Vf/Vr)が1.0未満の場合は,粗粒への被覆量が低下することから成形時の摩擦力が増大し緻密性が得られない。また,1.6を超える場合は,微粉の量が多いため,成形過程で微粉間の接触が多く摩擦力が増大するため緻密性が得られず,耐食性や耐熱衝撃性での品質も低下する。(Vf+Vr)の体積割合の合計が50体積%未満の場合は,中間粒が増えることになり,この場合も成形時の摩擦力が増大し緻密性が得られない。さらに80体積%を超える場合は,成形性は良好で緻密品は得られるが,中間粒度域が極めて少なくなるため,耐熱衝撃性が低下する問題が生じる。
これに対して本発明の耐火物は,耐火物組織中の粒度偏析及び成分的な偏析を防止するため,前記の粒度構成において粒径1mm以上の無機質原料粒子表面の一部又は全部に,有機系樹脂とともに粒径45μm以下の微粉を含む被覆層を形成することで,成形性が極めて良好となり欠陥が少ない緻密で均質な組織となる。これにより,ピッチ等を含浸せずとも緻密で,曲げ強度より算出したワイブル係数も高く,材料強度の破壊確率を大幅に低下可能な,安定した品質を持った耐火物を得ることが可能となり,耐化学的損傷性だけでなく耐物理的損傷性に大きく寄与する。
ところで,ワイブル係数は均質性の指標とするが,破壊に対する抵抗性の評価としての側面をも有する。また,スライディングノズル用プレートに成形した場合の,ダボ部の平均強度をダボ部以外の平均強度により除した平均強度比は、ダボ部の損傷形態として知られるエッジ溶損やエッジ欠けに対する抵抗性の評価として利用できることを本発明者らはみいだした。
本発明における前記のエッジ溶損やエッジ欠けに対する抵抗性の評価基準としての前記平均強度比は,0.9以上であり,従来技術の前記平均強度比よりも大きく,かつ,より1に近い。
本発明の耐火物は,従来技術における耐火物よりも成形体の形状に起因する成形体内の場所によるバラツキすなわち強度レベルの分布幅が小さい。これは,本発明の成形用坏土が従来技術の成形用坏土よりも成形時に流動し易く,成形体全体が均質化し易いことを示している。
なお,この均質性にかかる本発明の効果は,坏土の流動特性によりもたらされるものであるから,プレートの大きさや部位ごとの寸法等の違いがあっても,本発明の効果は得られる。
以上の手段により,ピッチ等含浸品の特性を超える化学的損傷,物理的損傷に強い耐火物とすることが可能となる。
さらに製造工程にピッチ等の含浸工程を含まないので,ピッチ等含浸品に比較して,製造コストの上昇を抑制することができ,製造所要期間を短縮することができる。
Al2O3,SiO2,MgO,ZrO2の化学成分から選ばれる1種,若しくはAl2O3,SiO2,MgO,ZrO2,Cr2O3,CaOの化学成分から選ばれる2種以上,又はこれら2種以上の化合物若しくは固溶体を合計で84質量%以上97質量%以下,SiC,B4Cから選ばれる炭化物成分を合計で4質量%未満(ゼロを含む),金属としてのAl,Si,Mgから選ばれる1種又は2種以上を合計で1質量%以上7質量%未満,炭素成分を1質量%以上4質量%未満含有することができる。
SiC,B4Cから選ばれる炭化物成分は,主として耐火物の酸化を抑制する。金属としてのAl,Si,Mgから選ばれる1種又は2種以上は,熱処理後の耐火物の強度を高めると共に,耐火物の酸化を抑制する。
本発明で使用できる無機質原料粒子としては,前記の化学成分から選ばれる1種若しくは前記の2種以上,又はこれら2種以上の化合物若しくは固溶体からなる鉱物を含む,Al2O3系(コランダム,ムライト,シリマナイト族を含む),Al2O3-MgO,ZrO2,Al2O3-ZrO2,ZrO2-2Al2O3・SiO2,ZrO2-CaO,SiO2系,SiC,B4Cなど一般的な原料から選択可能である。とくに酸化物粒子は,主に耐食性や耐熱衝撃性を付与する目的で添加される。例えば,耐食性に対する耐火原料としては,Al2O3系,Al2O3-MgO,MgO,ZrO2などの成分系から鋼種に応じて適宜選択される。例えば一般鋼では,中性酸化物系のAl2O3系材質が選択される。一方,カルシウム処理鋼,高マンガン鋼,高酸素鋼など塩基性介在物を含むような特殊鋼種に対しては塩基性のAl2O3-MgO,MgOの適用が好ましく,また,ZrO2系材質が耐食性の面でも優れる。さらに,耐熱衝撃特性が必要な場合は,熱膨張特性としてヒステリシスを持つ原料種や低膨張特性を示す原料種,たとえばAl2O3-ZrO2原料,ZrO2-2Al2O3・SiO2原料,未安定ZrO2原料などの選択により耐用改善が期待できる。Al2O3であれば、ブラウンアルミナ、ホワイトアルミナ、仮焼アルミナ等の原料であっても,また電融原料であるか焼結原料であるかにかかわらず同様の改善が期待でき,Al2O3系以外の他成分の鉱物等においても同様である。
そして,本発明の耐火物を得る過程で,成形用の坏土中の炭素質(化合物を除く)及び有機質の粒子を除く原料粒子(無機質原料粒子)の合量を100体積%として,直径45μm以下の無機質原料粒子の体積の合量割合Vfと,粒径1mm以上の無機質原料粒子の体積合量割合Vrとの比(Vf/Vr)が1.0以上1.6以下,(Vf+Vr)の体積割合の合計が50体積%以上80体積%以下とする。
ここで前記のVrおよびVfの体積割合%の算出方法を以下に説明する.配合割合表(重量割合)から,各原料の密度で除した各原料体積を算出し,その合計を100体積%とした際に,JIS試験用篩の目開き1mmで篩った際の篩上の各原料の占める体積割合をVr(体積%)とし、篩目開き45μm篩下の各原料の占める体積割合をVf(体積%)とした。各原料の密度は,定容積膨張法にて測定した。
SiC,B4Cは材料の主として耐酸化性を向上させるために添加する。これらのZrO2原料は酸化性ガスとの接触により自ら酸化し体積膨張し,気孔径を減じ,通気抵抗を増大させ材料の酸化を抑制する。これらの添加量は合計で耐食性の面で4質量%未満とすることが好ましい。4質量%以上添加すると耐食性の低下を招く虞がある。
このような樹脂由来の炭素を含む炭素成分は,1質量%以上4質量%未満含有することが好ましい。1質量%未満では十分なボンド部を得難くなり,4質量%以上では炭素成分の溶鋼内への溶出,酸化等で組織の粗化・劣化等を生じ易くなって耐用性を低下させることがある。
見掛気孔率が7%を超えると,スラグやメタル等の浸潤現象による面荒れや溶損現象が顕著となる。さらに見掛気孔率が7%以下の場合でも,細孔直径1μm以下の細孔気孔容積の合計が重要で,耐化学的損傷性を向上するためには,耐火物全体の積算細孔気孔容積の80%以上であることが必要であることが判明した。細孔直径1μm以下の細孔気孔容積の合計が80%未満であると,スラグやメタル浸潤や溶損の増大など,耐化学的損傷性が低下することが確認された。
なお,坏土が緻密化し,成形に必要な揮発分になるまでの混練時間は,混練機,成形機及び混練工程,成形工程等における諸条件によって,適宜最適化すればよい。
得られた成形体を100~300℃の温度で硬化,乾燥処理を施し,その後,非酸化雰囲気にて500℃~1400℃,好ましくは850℃~1300℃の温度範囲にて焼成処理を行う。
実施例Aは,見掛気孔率,細孔直径1μm以下の細孔気孔容積の割合,通気率を変化させて,耐熱衝撃性,面荒れ性,耐食性等への影響を調査した例である。
この実施例Aの耐火物の原料は,最も一般的なAl2O3系で,コランダムから成る人工粒子を主体とし,Al2O3・ZrO2質粒子,SiC及びB4C粉,金属Al粉とし,
前述の方法により求めた(Vf/Vr)が1.0以上1.6以下,及び方法により求めた(Vf+Vr)の体積割合の合計が50体積%以上80体積%以下の範囲,かついずれの例でもほぼ同じ値になるように成形用坏土を調整した。
後述の実施例B~Dでも同様である。
なお,実施例A~Dの成形用坏土中における揮発部を除く無機物換算での化学成分(質量%)を表1~表4中に記した。なお樹脂については固定炭素量を炭素成分として算出した。
[耐熱衝撃性]
高周波誘導炉に銑鉄を溶解し1600℃に保った状態で40mm角の角柱状の試料(1200℃非酸化雰囲気中で熱処理した耐火物試料のことをいう。以下同じ。)を3分間浸漬し,空冷する。この過程を5回繰り返したときの表面状態を観察した際,亀裂がほとんど見られない場合を○(優),表面に亀裂が見られる場合を△(良),亀裂が進展し剥落した場合を×(不良)として評価している。
20×20×40mmの試験片2個をCaO/Al2O3=2の合成スラグの融点以上に加熱して,加圧下で融着させた圧縮剪断用試験片を準備した。融着部にせん断を加え破断させたとき,片方の試料の母材が剥離していたら×(不良),スラグ界面で剥離が起き,母材組織が健全に保たれていれば○とした。
高周波誘導炉にて試料で内張りしたるつぼに溶鉄と侵食材のFeOを使い侵食速度で評価した。侵食速度が5μm/min未満の場合は○(優),5超10μm/min未満の場合は△(良),10μm/min以上の場合は×(不良)とした。
高周波誘導炉にて試料で内張りしたるつぼに溶鉄と侵食材のCaO/Al2O3=2の合成スラグを使い侵食速度で評価した。侵食速度が5μm/min以下の場合は○(優),5超10μm/min未満の場合は△(良),10μm/min以上の場合は×(不良)とした。
上記各評価が全て〇(優)又は△(良)である場合は〇(合格),一つでも×(不良)がある場合は×(不合格)とした。
また,粒径1mm以上の粒子の被覆状態は顕微鏡観察で判定した。
さらにワイブル係数も15以上を得ることができ,高い均質性をも得ることができていることがわかる。なお,前記(1)(2)(3)の要件を満たさない比較例ではいずれもワイブル係数も15未満となった。
実施例Bは,見掛気孔率,細孔直径1μm以下の細孔気孔容積の割合を変化させて,耐熱衝撃性,面荒れ性,耐食性等への影響を調査した例である。
なお,この実施例Bでの各例は,前述の(Vf/Vr)を調整することで得た。
一方,(Vf/Vr)が本発明の範囲(1.0以上1.6以下)内にない比較例6及び比較例7ではいずれも面荒れ性,耐食性(対FeO),耐食性(対CaO)の全てが,×(不良=不合格)となった。さらに比較例6及び比較例7ではワイブル係数も15以上を得ることができなかった。
実施例Cは,見掛気孔率,通気率を変化させて,耐熱衝撃性,面荒れ性,耐食性等への影響を調査した例である。
なお,この実施例Cでの各例は,前述の(Vf+Vr)を調整することで得た。
一方,(Vf+Vr)が本発明の範囲(50以上80以下)内にない比較例8,比較例9及び比較例10ではいずれも面荒れ性,耐食性(対FeO),耐食性(対CaO)の全てが,×(不良=不合格)となった。さらに比較例8はワイブル係数も15以上を得ることができなかった。
実施例Dは,耐火物の化学成分すなわち耐火物を構成する組成物を変化させて,耐熱衝撃性,面荒れ性,耐食性等への影響を調査した例である。
なお,この実施例Dでの各例は,1200℃非酸化雰囲気中で熱処理した耐火物試料の組成が表4に記載する構成になるよう原料(樹脂を含む)の配合割合を調整して得た。
この原料の配合割合においてSiC,B4Cの合量は,熱処理によって減少する分を加えた割合とし,Al,Si,Mgの合量は金属形態のそれぞれの組成物を,熱処理によって減少する分を加えた割合とした。
なお,SiC,B4Cはいずれも,主として高温度域での耐火物の耐酸化性や強度調整の機能を有するのでこれらをまとめて1原料(合量)とした。金属形態としてのAl,Si,Mgはいずれも,主として低温度域からの耐火物の耐酸化性や強度調整の機能を有するのでこれらをまとめて1原料(合量)とした。
これらの残部は主としてAl2O3原料粒子(主たる鉱物がコランダム),ZrO2を含有するAl2O3系原料粒子等の酸化物原料粒子とした。
本実施例でも,最も一般的な主たる構成物(主としてAl2O3系)としたが,前述のような操業条件等の個別の条件に応じて,
Al2O3,SiO2,MgO,ZrO2の化学成分から選ばれる1種,若しくはAl2O3,SiO2,MgO,ZrO2,Cr2O3,CaOの化学成分から選ばれる2種以上,又はこれら2種以上の化合物若しくは固溶体を含む各種原料を選択することができる。
ただし,耐火物全体を100質量%とする割合で,炭素量(炭素成分)が7質量%と多く,前記金属成分の合計が7質量%の実施例12では,耐熱衝撃性,面荒れ性,CaOに対する耐食性,FeOに対する耐食性がやや劣る結果となった。
同様に炭素量(炭素成分)が7質量%と多く,炭化物の合計が5質量%の実施例13では耐熱衝撃性がやや劣る結果となった。
また,金属形態としてのAl,Si,Mg成分を含有しない実施例18は,炭素量(炭素成分)が下限値に近いこともあって,耐火物表面付近の炭素成分の酸化又は一部の強度不足等が原因と思われる面荒れの増大がみられた。
Claims (6)
- タール又はピッチを含浸していない耐火物において,
1200℃非酸化雰囲気中で熱処理した耐火物試料の物性値として,
見掛気孔率が7%以下,
細孔直径1μm以下の細孔気孔容積の合計が,当該耐火物試料全体の積算細孔気孔容積の80%以上,
通気率が50×10-17m2以下,
であることを特徴とする耐火物。 - 前記耐火物をスライディングノズル用プレートに成形した場合の,ダボ部以外の部位から切り出した試料の3点曲げ試験より得られるワイブル係数(形状指数)が15以上である,請求項1に記載の耐火物。
- 前記耐火物試料の3点曲げ試験結果のうち,ダボ部より得られた曲げ強さの平均をダボ部以外より得られた曲げ強さの平均で除した平均強度比の値が0.9以上である,請求項1に記載の耐火物。
- 混練,成形,及び熱処理を含む工程により製造される耐火物において,
前記成形用の坏土中の炭素質(化合物を除く)及び有機質の粒子を除く原料粒子(以下「無機質原料粒子」という。)の合量を100体積%として,直径45μm以下の無機質原料粒子の体積の合量割合Vfと,粒径1mm以上の無機質原料粒子の体積合量割合Vrとの比(Vf/Vr)が1.0以上1.6以下,(Vf+Vr)の体積割合の合計が50体積%以上80体積%以下であり,
さらに,少なくとも粒径1mm以上の無機質原料粒子表面に,有機系樹脂とともに粒径45μm以下の微粉を含む被覆層が形成されている,請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の耐火物。 - 前記の成形用の坏土全体を100質量%とする割合で,前記の成形用の坏土が,
Al2O3,SiO2,MgO,ZrO2の化学成分から選ばれる1種,若しくはAl2O3,SiO2,MgO,ZrO2,Cr2O3,CaOの化学成分から選ばれる2種以上,又はこれら2種以上の化合物若しくは固溶体を合計で84質量%以上97質量%以下,
SiC,B4Cから選ばれる炭化物成分を合計で4質量%未満(ゼロを含む),
金属としてのAl,Si,Mgから選ばれる1種又は2種以上を合計で1質量%以上7質量%未満,
炭素成分を1質量%以上4質量%未満,
含有する,請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の耐火物。 - 鋼の連続鋳造に使用するスライディングノズル,又は,その上部若しくは下部に設置されて溶鋼の通過経路をなすノズル用である,請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の耐火物。
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