WO2017179666A1 - プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料、並びに表面改質強化繊維 - Google Patents
プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料、並びに表面改質強化繊維 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017179666A1 WO2017179666A1 PCT/JP2017/015161 JP2017015161W WO2017179666A1 WO 2017179666 A1 WO2017179666 A1 WO 2017179666A1 JP 2017015161 W JP2017015161 W JP 2017015161W WO 2017179666 A1 WO2017179666 A1 WO 2017179666A1
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- fiber
- prepreg
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- reinforcing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/248—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using pre-treated fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/07—Parts immersed or impregnated in a matrix
- B32B2305/076—Prepregs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/34—Inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/12—Polymers characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/22—Thermoplastic resins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a prepreg capable of suppressing damage to a fiber-reinforced composite material due to electric discharge, a fiber-reinforced composite material obtained by using such a prepreg, and a surface-modified reinforcing fiber excellent in conductivity used for such a prepreg. .
- Fiber reinforced composite materials consisting of reinforced fibers and matrix resins have features such as light weight, high strength, and high elastic modulus, and are widely applied to aircraft, sports / leisure, general industries, etc. ing.
- This composite material is often manufactured via a prepreg in which reinforcing fibers and a matrix resin are integrated in advance.
- Current or voltage may be applied to the composite material during use. For example, lightning strikes when used as structural materials for aircraft and wind power generators, and accumulation of static electricity when used on integrated circuit boards. When current or voltage is applied to the composite material, the composite material may be damaged by discharge.
- a composite material produced by laminating a prepreg obtained by impregnating a reinforcing resin with a matrix resin generally includes a resin layer made of a matrix resin between the laminated fiber layers.
- matrix resin used for composite materials has low conductivity, so even if conductive fibers are used as reinforcing fibers, the resin layer between the fiber layers causes the thickness of the composite material (directly to the surface of each layer). (Direction) is known to have low conductivity. Therefore, in order to prevent damage to the composite material due to electric discharge, various studies have been made to improve the electrical conductivity in the thickness direction of the composite material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a prepreg capable of solving the above-described problems of the prior art and suppressing damage to a fiber-reinforced composite material due to electric discharge.
- the prepreg of the present invention that solves the above problems is a prepreg composed of at least reinforcing fibers and a matrix resin, and is a prepreg in which a conductive portion is formed on one or both sides of a fiber layer composed of reinforcing fibers,
- the volume resistivity ⁇ ( ⁇ cm) in the thickness direction of the fiber layer, the thickness t (cm) of the fiber layer, and the average distance L (cm) between the conductive parts formed on the prepreg surface satisfy the following formula (1). It is a prepreg. t / ⁇ ⁇ 1 / L ⁇ 100 ⁇ 0.5 (1)
- the volume resistivity ⁇ in the thickness direction of the fiber layer is preferably 50 ⁇ cm or less.
- the average distance L between the conductive portions is preferably 0.025 cm or more.
- the conductive portion includes the conductive material A.
- the reinforced fiber used by this invention is the reinforced fiber which the electrically conductive material B adhered to the fiber surface.
- the conductive material A and the conductive material B will be described later.
- the fiber layer includes a conductive material B existing between single fibers of the reinforcing fibers. It is also preferable to use surface-modified reinforcing fibers comprising reinforcing fibers and organometallic complexes and / or pyrolysis products of organometallic complexes attached to the surface of the reinforcing fibers.
- the present invention includes a fiber reinforced composite material obtained using the prepreg of the present invention.
- the present invention also includes a surface-modified reinforcing fiber formed by attaching an organometallic complex and / or a pyrolyzate of an organometallic complex to the surface of the reinforcing fiber.
- the fiber reinforced composite material produced by curing the prepreg can suppress damage due to electric discharge.
- the surface-modified reinforcing fiber of the present invention has high conductivity because an organometallic complex and / or a pyrolyzate of an organometallic complex adheres to the surface.
- a prepreg produced using this surface-modified reinforcing fiber can produce a fiber-reinforced composite material having high conductivity. Since the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention has excellent conductivity and can suppress damage due to electric discharge, it can be applied to many applications that require electromagnetic shielding, electrostatic protection, current return, and conductivity.
- the prepreg of the present invention is a prepreg composed of at least reinforcing fibers and a matrix resin, and a conductive portion is formed on one side or both sides of a fiber layer composed of the reinforcing fibers.
- the volume resistivity ⁇ ( ⁇ cm) in the thickness direction of the prepreg, the thickness t (cm) of the fiber layer, and the average interval L (cm) of the conductive parts arranged on the prepreg surface are expressed by the following formula ( A prepreg satisfying 1). t / ⁇ ⁇ 1 / L ⁇ 100 ⁇ 0.5 (1)
- the composite material obtained by using the prepreg of the present invention satisfying the formula (1) can disperse the voltage applied to the fiber layer and keep it low even when a high current or voltage is applied. Can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the prepreg of the present invention, damage due to discharge of the composite material can be suppressed.
- the upper limit of the value of t / ⁇ ⁇ 1 / L ⁇ 100 is not particularly limited, but 5000 is sufficient.
- the value of t / ⁇ ⁇ 1 / L ⁇ 100 is more preferably 0.8 or more and 2000 or less.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a preferred embodiment of the prepreg of the present invention.
- [1] is a prepreg, which is composed of a fiber layer [2] in which a reinforcing fiber is impregnated with a matrix resin, and a resin layer [3] made of a matrix resin disposed on the surface of the fiber layer.
- a plurality of conductive portions [4] are formed in the layer.
- the reinforcing fibers are formed in a sheet shape in which a plurality of single fibers are aligned in one direction.
- positioned on the surface of a fiber layer is formed including the below-mentioned electrically conductive material A.
- the conductive material A is a conductive substance that functions as an electrically good conductor, and preferably has a volume resistivity of 100 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm, more preferably 10 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm, and even more preferably 1 a ⁇ 10 -9 ⁇ cm, particularly preferably conductive material is 10 -1 ⁇ 10 -9 ⁇ cm.
- the one where volume specific resistance is low can improve the electroconductivity of the composite material obtained more efficiently.
- a metal material, a carbon material, a conductive polymer, a substance obtained by coating a core material of an inorganic material or an organic material with a conductive substance, or the like can be used.
- a metal material and a carbon material are preferable because they exhibit high conductivity and stability.
- the distance [5] from the center point of the conductive part [4] to the center point of the nearest other conductive part [4] adjacent on the same surface of the prepreg is the distance between the conductive parts.
- the conductive parts are considered to form one conductive part.
- the end of the conductive part [4] and the end of the nearest conductive part adjacent to the conductive part [4] are preferably separated by 0.001 cm or more, and separated by 0.005 cm or more. More preferably.
- interval (L) of an electroconductive part is 0.025 cm or more, It is more preferable that it is 0.05 cm or more, It is further more preferable that it is 0.1 cm or more.
- the average distance (L) is preferably 2.0 cm or less, and more preferably 1.0 cm or less.
- Examples of the formation pattern of the conductive portion [4] include a continuous arrangement such as a line shape or a lattice shape, and a discontinuous arrangement such as a dot shape or an island shape.
- the conductive portion [4] is particularly preferably disposed discontinuously. In the case of discontinuous arrangement, the individual points and islands may be arranged continuously in a lattice, zigzag, or circle, or may be arranged randomly.
- the center point of the conductive portion [4] means the center point of the line width.
- the center point of the conductive portion [4] refers to the center point of the smallest circumscribed circle circumscribing the conductive portion [4].
- the width is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 5 mm on the bottom surface (meaning the interface with the fiber layer; the same applies hereinafter). More preferably, the thickness is 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
- the shape of the bottom surface is not particularly limited, and may be any shape such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a polygon, a star, and an indeterminate shape.
- the size of the circumscribed circle on the bottom surface is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 mm, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, and even more preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the area of the bottom surface of each conductive part [4] is preferably 0.01 ⁇ 500,000 ⁇ m 2, more preferably from 0.1 ⁇ 100,000 ⁇ m 2, at 1 ⁇ 10,000 2 More preferably it is.
- the height of the conductive part [4] is not particularly limited. When blending insoluble particles in the matrix resin (described later), it is preferably higher than the average particle size.
- the height of the conductive portion [4] (referred to as the length in the direction extending in the thickness direction of the prepreg) may be appropriately adjusted according to the thickness of the prepreg or the resin layer, but is 80% or more of the thickness of the resin layer. It is preferable that Specifically, the height of the conductive portion [4] is preferably 1 to 3000 ⁇ m, and more preferably 2 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the three-dimensional shape of the conductive portion [4] is not particularly limited, and an arbitrary shape such as a columnar shape, a prismatic shape, a conical shape, a pyramidal shape, a hemispherical shape, or a semi-ellipsoidal shape can be adopted.
- an arbitrary shape such as a columnar shape, a prismatic shape, a conical shape, a pyramidal shape, a hemispherical shape, or a semi-ellipsoidal shape.
- the cross section in the width direction is disposed in a square shape, a trapezoidal shape, a circular shape, a semicircular shape, or a semielliptical shape.
- the volume of one conductive portion disposed on the prepreg surface is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m 3 to 1 mm 3 , and preferably 0.5 ⁇ m 3 to More preferably, it is 0.5 mm 3 , and even more preferably 1 ⁇ m 3 to 0.1 mm 3 .
- Each conductive part [4] is preferably formed in substantially the same shape.
- substantially the same shape refers to a range in which the size and height of the conductive portion [4] are within ⁇ 50% of the average value.
- each conductive part [4] is preferably formed at substantially equal intervals.
- substantially equidistant refers to a range in which the interval between the conductive portions [4] is within ⁇ 50% of the average value (L).
- the volume occupancy ratio of the conductive material A constituting the conductive portion [4] to the matrix resin of the prepreg is preferably 50% by volume or less from the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the composite material, and is 10% by volume or less. More preferably, it is more preferably 5% by volume or less.
- the lower limit of the volume occupancy is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0001% by volume or more, more preferably 0.0005% by volume or more, from the viewpoint of conductivity of the obtained composite material. It is more preferably 001% by volume or more, and particularly preferably 0.01% by volume or more.
- the volume resistivity ( ⁇ ) in the thickness direction of the fiber layer is preferably 50 ⁇ cm or less, more preferably 25 ⁇ cm or less, and further preferably 15 ⁇ cm or less.
- the volume resistivity ( ⁇ ) in the thickness direction of the fiber layer can be adjusted by, for example, a method of changing the conductivity of the reinforcing fiber itself, a method of arranging the conductive material B between single fibers of the reinforcing fiber, or the like.
- a method of arranging the conductive material B between the single fibers of the reinforcing fibers for example, there are a method of attaching the conductive material B to the fiber surface, and a method of mixing the conductive material B into the matrix resin of the fiber layer. From the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the obtained composite material, it is preferable to use a reinforcing fiber having a conductive material B attached to the fiber surface.
- the thickness (t) of the fiber layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 3 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mm.
- the thickness (t) of the fiber layer can be adjusted by a method such as performing fiber opening treatment on the reinforcing fiber or changing the fiber basis weight.
- the fiber used as the reinforcing fiber is not particularly limited.
- the conductive fiber include carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, and metal fiber.
- covered with the electroconductive substance by methods, such as a metal plating process can also be used, for example.
- carbon fibers are more preferable in that a composite material having good specific strength and specific elastic modulus, light weight and high strength can be obtained.
- Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -based carbon fibers are particularly preferable in terms of excellent tensile strength.
- a PAN-based carbon fiber When a PAN-based carbon fiber is used, its tensile elastic modulus is preferably 100 to 600 GPa, more preferably 200 to 500 GPa, and particularly preferably 230 to 450 GPa.
- the tensile strength is 2000 MPa to 10,000 MPa, preferably 3000 to 8000 MPa.
- the diameter of the carbon fiber is preferably 4 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a reinforcing fiber having a conductive material B attached to the fiber surface may be any conductive material that functions as an electrically good conductor, and is not limited to a conductor.
- a conductive material volume resistivity is 10 -1 ⁇ 10 -9 ⁇ cm. The one where volume specific resistance is low can improve the electroconductivity of a fiber layer more efficiently.
- the adhesion amount of the conductive material B to the reinforcing fiber is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass.
- the conductive material B to be adhered to the surface of the reinforcing fiber As the conductive material B to be adhered to the surface of the reinforcing fiber, the conductive material B whose minimum diameter is smaller than the fiber diameter of the reinforcing fiber used is preferable. When the minimum diameter of the conductive material B is smaller than the fiber diameter of the reinforcing fiber used, the conductive material B can easily enter between the single fibers of the reinforcing fiber, so that the conductivity of the fiber layer can be further increased.
- the conductive material B attached to the surface of the reinforcing fiber has a minimum diameter of preferably 1 nm to 3 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 10 nm to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- Examples of the method for attaching the conductive material B to the surface of the reinforcing fiber include a method in which the conductive material B is directly dropped on the reinforcing fiber base, and a method in which the reinforcing fiber is immersed in a solution containing the conductive material B.
- a method of immersing reinforcing fibers in a solution containing the conductive material B is preferable because the conductive material B can be adhered to the inside of the reinforcing fiber bundle.
- this solution may be a solution containing a sizing agent.
- the sizing agent is not particularly limited, but in the usual case, the same type of resin as the resin used for the molding material, for example, polyalkylene glycol, polyurethane resin, polyolefin, vinyl ester resin, saturated polyester resin, unsaturated Examples thereof include polyester resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polyamideimide resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, and phenol resin. These resins may be used as a single component or may be used in combination of two or more. Further, a surfactant or the like may be added in order to disperse in water.
- the reinforcing fiber used in the prepreg of the present invention it is particularly preferable to use the surface-modified carbon fiber of the present invention described later.
- the reinforcing fiber by forming it on a sheet-like base material.
- a sheet in which a large number of fibers are aligned in one direction bi-directional woven fabrics such as plain weave and twill, multi-axial woven fabric, non-woven fabric, mat, knit, braid, and reinforcing fiber are made. Paper can be mentioned.
- the thickness of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber base is preferably 0.01 to 3 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mm.
- These reinforcing fiber base sheets may contain a known sizing agent in a known content.
- the conductive material used as the conductive material A and the conductive material B in the present invention may be any conductive material that functions as an electrically good conductor, and is not limited to a conductor.
- the volume resistivity is preferably 100 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm, more preferably 10 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm, further preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ 1 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm. Is a conductive material. The one where volume specific resistance is low can improve the electroconductivity of the composite material obtained more efficiently.
- the conductive material used in the present invention is preferably a conductive material whose minimum diameter is smaller than the fiber diameter of the reinforcing fiber used.
- the conductive material easily enters between the single fibers of the reinforcing fiber.
- the conductive portion is easily in close contact with the fiber layer, so that the conductivity of the resulting composite material can be further increased.
- the electrically conductive material B since the electrically conductive material which entered between the single fibers becomes easy to contact a some fiber, the electroconductivity of a fiber layer can be improved more.
- the conductive material used in the present invention preferably has a minimum diameter of 1 nm to 3 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 10 nm to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the conductive material for example, a metal material, a carbon material, a conductive polymer, an inorganic material, or a material obtained by coating a core material of an organic material with another conductive material can be used.
- the conductive material used in the prepreg may be a conductive material that functions as an electrically good conductor after being molded into a composite material. It may be a substance to be converted.
- the molding temperature of the composite material is generally 80 to 300 ° C. Examples of the substance that can be converted into a conductor at such a temperature include organometallic compounds and organometallic complexes.
- metal materials and carbon materials are preferable because they exhibit high conductivity and stability.
- the metal material corrosion caused by the potential difference between the metal material and the reinforcing fiber can be prevented, so platinum, gold, silver, copper, tin, nickel, titanium, cobalt, zinc, iron, chromium, aluminum, or these can be used.
- An alloy having a main component is preferable.
- tin oxide, indium oxide, indium oxide / tin (ITO) and the like are also preferable.
- platinum, gold, silver, copper, tin, nickel, titanium, or an alloy containing these as a main component is particularly preferable because of high conductivity and chemical stability.
- the form of the conductive material used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a filler or a continuous conductive material can be used.
- the conductive material is preferably a filler from the viewpoint of mechanical properties of the composite material to be obtained.
- the filler refers to a discontinuous form, preferably a material having an aspect ratio of 1 to 1000.
- the filler-like conductive material for example, a particulate, fibrous, or star-shaped conductive material can be used.
- the average particle diameter is not limited as long as it can be filled in the matrix resin of the prepreg, but is preferably 0.001 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.005 to 3 ⁇ m, and It is more preferably from 01 to 1 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the length is preferably 0.1 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the diameter is preferably 0.001 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.005 to 5 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- Examples of the conductive filler include metal particles, metal fibers, organic metal particles, organic metal complex particles, metal nanoparticles, metal nanofibers, and organic metal nanoparticles as metal materials.
- Examples of the carbon material include graphite particles, carbon particles, carbon milled fiber, carbon black, carbon nanotube, and vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF).
- carbon black for example, furnace black, acetylene black, thermal black, channel black, ketjen black and the like can be used, and carbon black obtained by blending two or more of these can also be preferably used.
- a long-fiber or film-shaped conductive material can be used as the continuous conductive material.
- the continuous conductive material include carbon long fibers, metal long fibers, graphite films, metal foils, carbon nanocoils, and metal nanowires.
- the addition amount of the conductive material A in the entire prepreg is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, further preferably 5% by mass or less, and 1% by mass or less. It is particularly preferred.
- the lower limit of the amount of the conductive material A added to the entire prepreg is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0005% by mass or more and 0.001% by mass or more from the viewpoint of the conductivity of the obtained composite material. It is more preferable.
- the total amount of the added amount of the conductive material A and the added amount of the conductive material B is 20% by mass or less with respect to the entire prepreg.
- the addition amount of a conductive material does not include the mass of the reinforcing fiber itself even if the reinforcing fiber has conductivity.
- the matrix resin used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, a curable resin or a thermoplastic resin can be used. It is preferable to use a curable resin as the matrix resin because a composite material having high heat resistance can be manufactured.
- a thermosetting resin from the viewpoint of heat resistance and mechanical properties, a thermosetting resin in which a crosslinking reaction proceeds by heat and at least partially forms a three-dimensional crosslinked structure is preferable.
- curable resin used as the matrix resin examples include unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, epoxy resins, bismaleimide resins, benzoxazine resins, triazine resins, phenol resins, urea resins, melamine resins, and polyimide resins. . Furthermore, these modified bodies and two or more kinds of blend resins can also be used. These curable resins may be those that are self-cured by heating, or resins that are cured by blending a curing agent or a curing accelerator.
- epoxy resins and bismaleimide resins that are excellent in the balance of heat resistance, mechanical properties, and adhesion to carbon fibers are preferable, and epoxy resins are more preferable from the viewpoint of mechanical properties, and heat resistant From the aspect, bismaleimide resin is more preferable.
- Bifunctional epoxy resins such as a bisphenol type epoxy resin, an alcohol type epoxy resin, a biphenyl type epoxy resin, a hydrophthalic acid type epoxy resin, a dimer acid type epoxy resin, an alicyclic epoxy resin; Glycidyl ether type epoxy resins such as tetrakis (glycidyloxyphenyl) ethane and tris (glycidyloxyphenyl) methane; Glycidylamine type epoxy resins such as tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane; Naphthalene type epoxy resins; Phenol novolacs that are novolak type epoxy resins Type epoxy resin; cresol novolac type epoxy resin and the like.
- polyfunctional epoxy resins such as phenol type epoxy resins can be used.
- modified epoxy resins such as urethane-modified epoxy resins and rubber-modified epoxy resins can also be used.
- an epoxy resin having an aromatic group in the molecule it is preferable to use an epoxy resin having either a glycidylamine structure or a glycidyl ether structure is more preferable.
- an alicyclic epoxy resin can also be used suitably.
- Examples of the epoxy resin having a glycidylamine structure include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane, N, N, O-triglycidyl-p-aminophenol, and N, N, O-triglycidyl-m-.
- Examples include aminophenol, N, N, O-triglycidyl-3-methyl-4-aminophenol, and various isomers of triglycidylaminocresol.
- Examples of the epoxy resin having a glycidyl ether structure include bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, and cresol novolac type epoxy resin.
- These epoxy resins may have a non-reactive substituent in the aromatic ring structure or the like, if necessary.
- non-reactive substituents include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl and isopropyl, aromatic groups such as phenyl, alkoxyl groups, aralkyl groups, and halogen groups such as chlorine and bromine.
- bisphenol type epoxy resin examples include bisphenol A type resin, bisphenol F type resin, bisphenol AD type resin, bisphenol S type resin and the like.
- jER815 trade name
- jER828 trade name
- jER834 trade name
- jER1001 trade name
- jER807 trade name
- Japan Epoxy R-710 trade name manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.
- EXA1514 trade name manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, and the like.
- alicyclic epoxy resins examples include Araldite CY-179 (trade name), CY-178 (trade name), CY-182 (trade name), and CY-183 (trade name) manufactured by Huntsman.
- a phenol novolac type epoxy resin Japan Epoxy Resin's jER152 (trade name), jER154 (trade name), Dow Chemical's DEN431 (trade name), DEN485 (trade name), DEN438 (trade name), DIC Corporation Examples include Epicron N740 (trade name).
- Cresol novolac type epoxy resins include Araldite ECN1235 (trade name), ECN1273 (trade name), ECN1280 (trade name), Nippon Kayaku EOCN102 (trade name), EOCN103 (trade name), EOCN104 (trade name) manufactured by Huntsman. And the like.
- modified epoxy resins examples include urethane modified bisphenol A epoxy resins such as Adeka Resin EPU-6 (trade name) and EPU-4 (trade name) manufactured by Asahi Denka.
- epoxy resins can be appropriately selected and used alone or in combination of two or more.
- bifunctional epoxy resins represented by bisphenol type include various grades of resins from liquid to solid depending on the difference in molecular weight. Therefore, these resins are conveniently blended for the purpose of adjusting the viscosity of the prepreg matrix resin.
- thermoplastic resin used as the matrix resin examples include polyethylene resins and polypropylene resins, and polyolefin resins such as copolymers and blends thereof, aliphatic polyamide resins such as polyamide 66, polyamide 6 and polyamide 12, and acid components.
- Semi-aromatic polyamide resin having aromatic component aromatic polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate resin (PBT), polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin (polystyrene resin, AS resin, ABS resin) Etc.), or aliphatic polyester resins such as polylactic acid.
- the matrix resin composition of the present invention may contain particles insoluble in the matrix resin. Particles insoluble in the matrix resin remain on the surface of the reinforcing fiber sheet when the prepreg is produced, and are likely to become interlayer particles. The interlayer particles suppress the propagation of the impact received by the FRP. As a result, the impact resistance of the obtained FRP is improved.
- the particles insoluble in the matrix resin include inorganic particles, rubber particles, and resin particles. From the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the composite material, particles composed of a matrix resin-insoluble thermoplastic resin described later are preferable.
- the average particle size insoluble in the matrix resin is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 3 to 30 ⁇ m.
- a curing agent that cures the resin may be blended in the matrix resin composition as necessary.
- a known curing agent that cures the matrix resin is used.
- examples of the curing agent used when an epoxy resin is used as the curable resin include dicyandiamide, various isomers of aromatic amine curing agents, and aminobenzoic acid esters.
- Dicyandiamide is preferable because of excellent storage stability of the prepreg.
- aromatic diamine compounds such as 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane and derivatives having non-reactive substituents have good heat resistance.
- the non-reactive substituent is the same as the non-reactive substituent described in the description of the epoxy resin.
- trimethylene glycol di-p-aminobenzoate and neopentyl glycol di-p-aminobenzoate are preferably used.
- Composite materials cured using these are inferior in heat resistance to various isomers of diaminodiphenylsulfone, but are excellent in tensile elongation. Therefore, the type of curing agent to be used is appropriately selected according to the use of the composite material.
- the amount of the curing agent contained in the matrix resin composition may be appropriately adjusted according to the type of the matrix resin and the curing agent to be used, at least an amount suitable for curing the matrix resin blended in the resin composition.
- the blending amount can be appropriately used in a desired blending amount in consideration of the presence / absence and addition amount of a curing agent / curing accelerator, the chemical reaction stoichiometry with the curable resin, the curing rate of the composition, and the like. From the viewpoint of storage stability, it is preferable to add 30 to 100 parts by mass of the curing agent with respect to 100 parts by mass of the matrix resin contained in the resin composition, and more preferably 30 to 70 parts by mass.
- DDS diaminodiphenyl sulfone
- DDS coat 10 manufactured by Matsumoto Yushi
- a coating agent such as polyamide, modified urea resin, modified melamine resin, polyolefin, polyparaffin (including modified products).
- thermoplastic resin When a low-viscosity resin is used as the matrix resin, a thermoplastic resin may be blended to give an appropriate viscosity to the resin composition.
- the thermoplastic resin blended in this resin composition for viscosity adjustment has an effect of improving mechanical properties such as impact resistance of the finally obtained composite material.
- the amount of the thermoplastic resin to be blended in the matrix resin composition varies depending on the type of the matrix resin used in the resin composition, and may be appropriately adjusted so that the viscosity of the resin composition becomes an appropriate value described later.
- the thermoplastic resin is preferably blended in an amount of 5 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the matrix resin contained in the resin composition.
- the preferable viscosity of the matrix resin composition is 10 to 450 poise at 80 ° C., and more preferably 50 to 400 poise at 80 ° C.
- the viscosity is a viscosity obtained from a temperature-viscosity curve measured using a rheometer.
- the viscosity of the matrix resin can be adjusted by the addition amount of a thermoplastic resin, particularly a matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin described later.
- thermoplastic resin examples include a matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin and a matrix resin-insoluble thermoplastic resin.
- the matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin is a thermoplastic resin that can be partially or wholly dissolved in the matrix resin by heating or the like.
- “partially dissolved in the matrix resin” means that when 100 parts by mass of the matrix resin is mixed with 10 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin having an average particle diameter of 1 to 50 ⁇ m and stirred at 190 ° C. for 1 hour, Disappears or the particle size changes by 10% or more.
- the matrix resin insoluble thermoplastic resin refers to a thermoplastic resin that does not substantially dissolve in the matrix resin at a temperature at which FRP is molded or at a temperature lower than that.
- the heat does not change the particle size by 10% or more. It refers to a plastic resin.
- the temperature for molding FRP is 100 to 190 ° C.
- the particle diameter is measured visually with a microscope, and the average particle diameter means the average value of the particle diameters of 100 particles selected at random.
- the matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin When the matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin is not completely dissolved, it is dissolved in the matrix resin by heating in the curing process of the matrix resin composition, and the viscosity of the matrix resin composition can be increased. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the flow of the matrix resin composition (a phenomenon in which the resin composition flows out from the prepreg) due to a decrease in viscosity in the curing process.
- the matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin is preferably a resin that dissolves 80% by mass or more in the matrix resin at the curing temperature of the matrix resin.
- the matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin include, for example, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyetherimide, and polycarbonate when an epoxy resin is used as the matrix resin. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin preferably has a reactive group having reactivity with the matrix resin or a functional group that forms a hydrogen bond.
- a matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin can improve the dissolution stability during the curing process of the matrix resin.
- toughness, chemical resistance, heat resistance, and moist heat resistance can be imparted to the FRP obtained after curing.
- the reactive group having reactivity with the matrix resin for example, when an epoxy resin is used as the matrix resin, a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an imino group, an amino group, and the like are preferable.
- a hydroxyl-terminated polyethersulfone is more preferred because the resulting FRP is particularly excellent in impact resistance, fracture toughness and solvent resistance.
- the content of the matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin contained in the matrix resin composition is appropriately adjusted according to the viscosity of the matrix resin. From the viewpoint of workability of the prepreg, the amount is preferably 5 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight, and still more preferably 10 to 40 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the matrix resin.
- the form of the matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, but is preferably particulate.
- the particulate matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin can be uniformly blended in the resin composition. Moreover, the moldability of the obtained prepreg is high.
- the average particle size of the matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 3 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the matrix resin composition may contain a matrix resin-insoluble thermoplastic resin in addition to the matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin.
- the matrix resin composition preferably contains both a matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin and a matrix resin-insoluble thermoplastic resin.
- the matrix resin-insoluble thermoplastic resin and matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin is in a state where the particles are dispersed in the FRP matrix resin.
- the dispersed particles are also referred to as “interlayer particles”.
- the interlayer particles suppress the propagation of the impact received by the FRP. As a result, the impact resistance of the obtained FRP is improved.
- the matrix resin insoluble thermoplastic resin for example, when an epoxy resin is used as the matrix resin, polyamide, polyacetal, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyester, polyamide imide, polyimide, polyether ketone, polyether ether ketone, polyethylene naphthalate, Examples thereof include polyether nitrile and polybenzimidazole.
- polyamide, polyamideimide, and polyimide are preferable because of high toughness and heat resistance.
- Polyamide and polyimide are particularly excellent in improving toughness against FRP. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, these copolymers can also be used.
- amorphous polyimide nylon 6 (registered trademark) (polyamide obtained by ring-opening polycondensation reaction of caprolactam), nylon 12 (polyamide obtained by ring-opening polycondensation reaction of lauryl lactam), amorphous nylon
- a polyamide such as (also called transparent nylon, which does not cause crystallization of the polymer or has a very low crystallization rate of the polymer)
- the heat resistance of the obtained FRP can be particularly improved.
- the content of the matrix resin insoluble thermoplastic resin in the matrix resin composition is appropriately adjusted according to the viscosity of the matrix resin composition. From the viewpoint of workability of the prepreg, the amount is preferably 5 to 60 parts by mass, more preferably 15 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the matrix resin.
- the preferable average particle diameter and form of the matrix resin-insoluble thermoplastic resin are the same as those of the matrix resin-soluble thermoplastic resin.
- the matrix resin composition may contain a conductive material in the matrix resin of the fiber layer, in addition to the conductive material disposed on the prepreg surface, as necessary.
- a conductive material the same conductive material as that described above can be used.
- the blending amount of the conductive material is preferably 0.0001 to 20 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.0005 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the main resin contained in the matrix resin composition. 0.001 to 5 parts by mass is particularly preferable.
- the matrix resin composition may be a basic curing agent such as an acid anhydride, Lewis acid, dicyandiamide (DICY), or imidazoles, as appropriate, as long as the purpose and effect of the present invention are not impaired.
- a basic curing agent such as an acid anhydride, Lewis acid, dicyandiamide (DICY), or imidazoles, as appropriate, as long as the purpose and effect of the present invention are not impaired.
- Various additives such as urea compounds, organometallic salts, reaction diluents, fillers, antioxidants, flame retardants, and pigments can be included.
- examples of the acid anhydride include phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like.
- the Lewis acid is boron trifluoride salts exemplified, more particularly, BF 3 monoethylamine, BF 3 benzylamine and the like.
- examples of imidazoles include 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2,4-dimethylimidazole, and 2-phenylimidazole.
- examples include urea compounds such as 3- [3,4-dichlorophenyl] -1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), and organometallic salts such as Co [III] acetylacetonate.
- the reactive diluent include reactive diluents such as polypropylene diglycol / diglycidyl ether and phenyl glycidyl ether.
- the manufacturing method of the matrix resin composition is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known method may be used.
- the kneading temperature applied during the production of the resin composition can be in the range of 10 to 160 ° C.
- the temperature exceeds 160 ° C. thermal deterioration of the epoxy resin or partial curing reaction may start, and the storage stability of the resulting resin composition and the prepreg produced using the resin composition may decrease.
- the temperature is lower than 10 ° C., the viscosity of the epoxy resin composition is high, and it may be difficult to knead substantially.
- the temperature is preferably 20 to 130 ° C, more preferably 30 to 110 ° C.
- a conventionally known apparatus can be used as the kneading machine apparatus.
- a roll mill a planetary mixer, a kneader, an extruder, a Banbury mixer, a mixing vessel provided with a stirring blade, a horizontal mixing vessel, and the like.
- Each component can be kneaded in the air or in an inert gas atmosphere.
- an atmosphere in which temperature and humidity are controlled is preferable.
- the prepreg of the present invention is obtained by impregnating the matrix resin composition into the gaps between the fiber substrates constituting the reinforcing fiber substrate.
- the resin content is preferably 15 to 60% by mass based on the total mass of the prepreg. When the content is less than 15% by mass, voids or the like are generated in the obtained composite material, and the mechanical properties may be deteriorated. When the content exceeds 60% by mass, the reinforcing effect by the reinforcing fibers becomes insufficient, and the mechanical properties relative to mass may be substantially low.
- the content is preferably 20 to 50% by mass, more preferably 25 to 50% by mass.
- the resin content is a ratio calculated from the amount of mass change caused by immersing the prepreg in sulfuric acid and heating as necessary to decompose the epoxy resin and reduce the mass.
- a prepreg is cut into 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm to produce a test piece, and its mass is measured.
- this prepreg test piece is immersed or boiled in sulfuric acid to decompose and elute the resin component. Thereafter, the remaining fibers are filtered off, washed with sulfuric acid, dried, and the mass of the dried fibers is measured. Finally, the resin content is calculated from the mass change before and after the sulfuric acid decomposition operation.
- the form of the prepreg is not particularly limited as long as it is a shape in which the matrix resin composition is impregnated into the reinforcing fiber base material, and includes a reinforcing fiber and a matrix resin composition impregnated between the reinforcing fibers.
- a prepreg composed of a fiber layer and a resin layer coated on the surface of the fiber layer is preferable.
- the thickness of the resin layer is preferably 2 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the resin layer is more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the method of impregnating and integrating the matrix resin composition into the reinforcing fiber base is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known method can be adopted. Specifically, a hot melt method or a solvent method can be suitably employed, and among these, the hot melt method is preferably used.
- the matrix resin composition is applied in a thin film to form a resin composition film, and then the formed film is peeled from the release paper to obtain a resin composition film. Thereafter, the resin composition film is laminated on the reinforcing fiber base and heated under pressure to impregnate the reinforcing fiber base with the resin composition.
- the method for making the resin composition into a resin composition film is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known method can be used. Specifically, it can be obtained by casting and casting a resin composition on a support such as a release paper or a film using a die extrusion, an applicator, a reverse roll coater, a comma coater or the like.
- the resin temperature for producing the film is appropriately determined according to the composition and viscosity of the resin for producing the film. Examples of the resin temperature for producing the film include a range of 10 to 160 ° C. When it exceeds 160 degreeC, the thermal deterioration of a resin composition and a partial hardening reaction may start, and the storage stability of a prepreg may fall. When it is lower than 10 ° C., the viscosity of the resin composition is high, and it may be difficult to produce a film.
- the temperature is preferably 20 to 130 ° C, more preferably 30 to 110 ° C.
- the impregnation pressure when the matrix fiber composition is impregnated into the reinforcing fiber base using the resin composition film is appropriately determined in consideration of the viscosity and resin flow of the resin composition.
- the impregnation can be performed in multiple stages at an arbitrary pressure and temperature in a plurality of times instead of once.
- the impregnation temperature when an epoxy resin is used as the matrix resin and the reinforcing fiber base material is impregnated with the epoxy resin composition film by the hot melt method is preferably in the range of 50 to 150 ° C.
- the impregnation temperature is more preferably 60 to 145 ° C, particularly preferably 70 to 140 ° C.
- the conductive part is formed on one side or both sides of the fiber layer.
- the method for forming the conductive portion is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. Specifically, a method of spraying the conductive material A described above on the surface of the prepreg; a release paper on which the conductive material A is disposed, or a method of sticking a resin film containing the conductive material A on the surface of the prepreg; Examples thereof include a method using a conductive paste comprising the same.
- the conductive portion arranged on the surface of the fiber layer can be formed by arranging, for example, a conductive paste containing a conductive filler on the prepreg surface.
- the conductive paste refers to a conductive material A dispersed in a dispersing material such as a resin.
- a dispersing material for dispersing the conductive material A a solvent or a resin (binder resin) can be used, a resin compatible with the matrix resin is preferably used, and the same resin as the matrix resin is more preferably used.
- the binder resin contained in the conductive paste can form a continuous phase with the matrix resin of the resin layer. Since the binder resin forms a continuous phase with the matrix resin of the resin layer, the breakage at the boundary region between the conductive paste and the matrix resin is suppressed, so that the mechanical properties of the composite material are improved.
- curable resin such as a thermosetting resin and UV curable resin.
- the curable resin when a curable resin is used as the binder resin of the conductive paste, it is also preferable that the curable resin is placed in the prepreg in a semi-cured (B-stage) state.
- the conductive paste By disposing the conductive paste on the surface of the prepreg with the conductive material A dispersed in the B-stage resin, the conductive material A can be prevented from diffusing into the matrix resin around the conductive paste. A conductive part can be arranged more precisely.
- the B-stage resin composition can react with the surrounding matrix resin when producing the composite material. Therefore, a continuous phase in which the binder resin and the matrix resin of the conductive paste are integrated can be formed.
- the volume resistivity of the conductive paste is preferably from 10 3 ⁇ cm ⁇ 10 -9 ⁇ cm, more preferably 1 ⁇ cm ⁇ 10 -9 ⁇ cm, more preferably from 10 -2 ⁇ cm ⁇ 10 -9 ⁇ cm . Further, the blending amount of the conductive material A contained in the conductive paste is preferably blended so that the volume occupation ratio is 20 to 95% by volume.
- a method in which the conductive paste is directly disposed on the prepreg surface at a predetermined interval a method in which a resin film on which the conductive paste is disposed at a predetermined interval is attached to the prepreg surface; Examples thereof include a method in which a conductive paste is arranged at a predetermined interval on a matrix resin film used when the fiber base material is impregnated with the matrix base material and integrated with the fiber base material.
- a method of disposing the conductive paste on the resin film a method of forming the resin film by casting the resin after disposing the conductive paste on a support such as release paper at a predetermined interval; resin on the support After a resin film is produced, a conductive paste is disposed on the film at a predetermined interval; a film having a conductive paste disposed at a predetermined interval is attached to the resin film; a conductive paste is predetermined.
- a method of disposing the substrate on a support at intervals and transferring it to a resin film may be used.
- the conductive paste When the conductive paste is disposed on the resin film or on the support or film, the conductive paste may be disposed on these films by a method such as screen printing, ink jet printing, or application by a dispenser. Further, these films may be perforated and filled with a conductive paste.
- the transfer support is not particularly limited, but a release paper containing a release agent such as a silicone release agent, a release film such as a fluororesin film, A planar body having releasability is preferable.
- the prepreg of the present invention obtained by using the above method is laminated according to the purpose, molded and cured, and a composite material is produced. This manufacturing method itself is known. According to the prepreg obtained by using the present invention, the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention having excellent conductivity and mechanical properties can be obtained.
- the surface-modified reinforcing fiber of the present invention includes a reinforcing fiber, an organometallic complex and / or an organometallic complex pyrolyzate adhering to the surface of the reinforcing fiber. , Consisting of.
- the reinforcing fiber used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyester fiber, ceramic fiber, alumina fiber, boron fiber, silicon carbide fiber, mineral fiber, metal fiber, rock fiber and slug fiber. Reinforcing fibers such as can be used.
- it is preferably a conductive fiber.
- the conductive fiber include carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, and metal fiber.
- carbon fibers are more preferable in that they can provide a lightweight and high-strength fiber-reinforced composite material having good specific strength and specific elastic modulus.
- Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -based carbon fibers are particularly preferable in terms of excellent tensile strength.
- its tensile elastic modulus is preferably 100 to 600 GPa, more preferably 200 to 500 GPa, and particularly preferably 230 to 450 GPa.
- the tensile strength is 2000 MPa to 10,000 MPa, preferably 3000 to 8000 MPa.
- the diameter of the carbon fiber is preferably 4 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the organometallic complex used in the present invention is a metal complex that generates an organometallic complex thermal decomposition product by thermal decomposition.
- the thermal decomposition temperature is preferably 200 ° C. or less, preferably 80 to 200 ° C., and more preferably 100 to 160 ° C.
- the metal constituting the organometallic complex examples include platinum, gold, silver, copper, tin, nickel, titanium, cobalt, zinc, iron, chromium, and aluminum.
- Silver is a viewpoint of obtaining high conductivity. To preferred. Although it does not specifically limit as an organic silver complex, For example, the organic silver complex described below can be illustrated.
- the organic silver complex has the following chemical formula (1)
- n is an integer of 1 to 4
- X is oxygen, sulfur, halogen, cyano, cyanate, carbonate, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, phosphate, thiocyanate, chlorate, perchlorate, Tetrafluoroborate, acetylacetonate, and carboxylate.
- ammonium carbamate compounds or ammonium carbonate compounds selected from An organic silver complex obtained by reacting is exemplified.
- R 1 to R 6 are each hydrogen, an aliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aliphatic aryl group, an alicyclic alkyl group, and an alicyclic group.
- aryl group or an aralkyl group is a mixture thereof, the alkyl group and aryl group having a substituent, a heterocyclic compound group, .
- R 1 to R 6 is a group composed of a polymer compound group or its derivative, be the same or different from each other May be.
- Examples of the silver compound represented by the chemical formula (1) include silver oxide, silver thiocyanate, silver sulfide, silver chloride, silver cyanide, silver cyanate, silver carbonate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver sulfate, silver phosphate, Examples thereof include silver perchlorate oxide, silver tetrafluoride borate, silver acetylacetonate, silver acetate, silver lactate, silver oxalate and derivatives thereof. It is preferable to use silver oxide or silver carbonate.
- R 1 to R 6 are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, amyl, hexyl, ethylhexyl, heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl.
- ammonium carbamate compound or ammonium carbonate compound represented by the chemical formula (1) examples include ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ethylammonium ethylcarbamate, isopropylammonium isopropylcarbamate, n-butylammonium n-butylcarbamate, Isobutylammonium isobutylcarbamate, t-butylammonium t-butylcarbamate, 2-ethylhexylammonium 2-ethylhexylcarbamate, octadecylammonium octadecylcarbamate, 2-methoxyethylammonium 2-methoxyethylcarbamate, 2-cyanoethylammonium 2-cyanoethylcarbamate, dibutylammonium Butyl carbamate, dioctadecyl ammonium di
- a method for producing such an organic silver complex is known, and is described in, for example, JP-T-2014-516463.
- a commercial item can also be used as such an organic silver complex. As a commercial item, it can select and use what is thermally decomposed in the said temperature range from the various complex silver ink by an ink tech company limited company.
- the amount of the organometallic complex and / or pyrolysis product of the organometallic complex attached to the reinforcing fiber is preferably less than 8% by mass, more preferably less than 1% by mass, based on the mass of the reinforcing fiber. More preferably, it is less than 0.5 mass%, It is especially preferable that it is less than 0.25 mass%, It is more preferable that it is less than 0.2 mass%.
- the lower limit of the adhesion amount of the organometallic complex and / or organometallic complex thermal decomposition product is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.02% by mass or more,
- the content is more preferably 0.03% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 0.04% by mass or more.
- the content is 8% by mass or more, the effect of improving the conductivity with respect to the adhesion amount of the conductive material is reduced, which is not preferable mainly from the viewpoint of economy.
- it is less than 0.01% by mass the effect of improving conductivity may be reduced.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material composed of the reinforcing fiber layer composed of the surface-modified reinforcing fiber of the present invention and the matrix resin composition exhibits high conductivity even if the amount of the conductive material used is small.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material using the surface-modified reinforcing fiber of the present invention has a low volume resistivity in the direction perpendicular to the reinforcing fiber layer, that is, the thickness direction, and obtains a fiber-reinforced composite material of 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less. Can do.
- Fiber-reinforced composite material the direction perpendicular to the reinforcing fiber layer, i.e. volume resistivity in the thickness direction is 1.0 ⁇ 10 -7 ⁇ 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm , 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm Preferably, it is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the surface-modified reinforcing fiber of the present invention is prepared by attaching an aqueous solution containing an organometallic complex (hereinafter also referred to as “complex aqueous solution”) to the reinforcing fiber, followed by drying. Manufactured by doing.
- complex aqueous solution an organometallic complex
- the complex concentration of the complex aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 100 g / L, and more preferably 1 to 50 g / L.
- the amount is less than 0.1 g / L, the amount of the organometallic complex adhering to the reinforcing fiber is too small to provide sufficient conductivity.
- it is unpreferable mainly from an economical viewpoint.
- the aqueous complex solution can also be used as a sizing agent for bundling the reinforcing fibers.
- an organometallic complex may be added to a known sizing agent.
- the reinforcing fiber to which the aqueous complex solution is attached is dehydrated as necessary and then dried.
- the drying temperature is not particularly limited. Part or all of the organometallic complex attached to the reinforcing fiber may be thermally decomposed in this drying step. Further, a heat treatment step may be provided after the drying step to thermally decompose the organometallic complex. Or you may thermally decompose by the heating at the time of shaping
- the adhesion of the complex aqueous solution to the reinforcing fiber may be performed in a state of a single fiber or a fiber bundle, or may be performed after forming a fiber reinforced base material described later.
- the method for adhering the complex aqueous solution to the reinforcing fiber is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of immersing the reinforcing fiber in a complex aqueous solution bath and a method of spraying the complex aqueous solution on the reinforcing fiber.
- drying method of the complex aqueous solution adhering to the reinforcing fiber is not particularly limited, examples thereof include drying using cold air or hot air, natural drying, reduced pressure drying, and drying brought into contact with a hot roller.
- the fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention can be produced by a conventionally known method by laminating, molding and curing the prepreg of the present invention in accordance with the purpose.
- Examples of composite material manufacturing methods include manual layup, automatic tape layup (ATL), automatic fiber placement, vacuum bagging, autoclave curing, non-autoclave curing, fluid-assisted processing, pressure support process, match mold process, simple Methods using press curing, press clave curing, or continuous band press are applied.
- the fiber reinforced composite material has a volume resistivity of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 to 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm in the direction perpendicular to the reinforcing fiber layer, that is, the thickness direction, and 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm. Preferably, it is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the fiber reinforced composite material preferably has a matrix resin composition content of 15 to 60% by mass based on the total mass of the fiber reinforced composite material.
- voids or the like are generated in the obtained fiber-reinforced composite material, and the mechanical properties may be deteriorated.
- the content exceeds 60% by mass, the reinforcing effect by the reinforcing fibers becomes insufficient, and the mechanical properties relative to mass may be substantially low.
- the content is 20 to 50% by mass, more preferably 25 to 50% by mass.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material thus obtained has excellent conductivity and can suppress damage due to electric discharge, and therefore can be applied to many applications that require electromagnetic shielding, electrostatic protection, current return, and conductivity. In particular, it can be used to solve electromagnetic problems in aerospace components, wind turbines, pressure vessels, buildings, ships, trains, automobiles, fuel tanks and other fields.
- Conduct material A silver fine particles (average particle size: 2 ⁇ m), dispersing material: epoxy resin, volume resistivity: 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm)
- Conduct material B Silver-coated silica particles TFM S02P (average particle size 2 ⁇ m (catalog value)) [manufactured by Toyo Aluminum Co., Ltd.]
- ⁇ Graphite BF-3AK average particle size 3 ⁇ m (catalog value)
- volume resistivity is the specific resistance of a given material.
- the unit of measurement of the conductivity of a three-dimensional material is ohm-cm ( ⁇ cm).
- the volume resistance is measured only in the Z direction (in the thickness direction of the composite material). Since thickness is always taken into account in the calculation, in all cases this value is the “volume” resistivity.
- test piece was sandwiched between two electrodes plated with gold 50 mm wide ⁇ 50 mm long. With a load of 0.06 MPa applied between both electrodes, the resistance value of the test piece in the Z direction was measured with a digital ohmmeter (AX-114N, manufactured by ADEX), and the volume resistivity was obtained from the above equation. The resistance value was measured for 10 test pieces, the volume resistivity was calculated, and the average value was used for evaluation.
- the prepreg was cut and laminated to obtain a laminated body having a laminated structure [+ 45/0 / ⁇ 45 / 90] 2S .
- molding was performed at 180 ° C. for 120 minutes under a pressure of 0.49 MPa.
- the obtained molded product was cut into a dimension of width 40 mm ⁇ length 40 mm, and the surface of the molded product was polished using sandpaper until the carbon fibers were exposed.
- surface finishing was carried out using No. 2000 sandpaper to obtain a test piece.
- the obtained test piece was sandwiched between two electrodes plated with gold 50 mm wide ⁇ 50 mm long.
- the resistance value of the test piece in the Z direction was measured with a digital ohmmeter (AX-114N, manufactured by ADEX), and the volume resistivity was obtained from the above equation. The resistance value was measured for 10 test pieces, the volume resistivity was calculated, and the average value was used for evaluation.
- a laminate having a laminate structure [+ 45/0 / ⁇ 45 / 90] 3S was obtained.
- the obtained laminate was cut into a size of 360 mm ⁇ 50 mm, and then molded using an autoclave under a pressure of 0.49 MPa at 180 ° C. for 120 minutes.
- An electrode was passed through the center and both ends of the obtained molded plate, currents of 20 kA and 30 kA were passed from the center electrode, and the presence or absence of light emission due to discharge from the side surface of the test piece was visually confirmed.
- Conductive substance adhesion amount of the modified reinforcing fiber Measure the fiber mass (W 1 ) before adhesion of the conductive substance and the fiber mass (W 2 ) after adhesion of the conductive substance, and calculate the adhesion amount by the following formula did.
- Adhering amount [% by mass] (W 2 ⁇ W 1 ) ⁇ W 2 ⁇ 100
- Example 1 A screen printing plate was prepared in which dots (circles) of openings having a diameter of 50 ⁇ m were arranged in a grid pattern at intervals of 0.32 cm in the width direction and in the length direction.
- a silver paste containing silver fine particles was printed as the conductive material A on the FEP film using a vacuum printer VPES-HAIV manufactured by Sanyu Rec Co., Ltd.
- the pressure during printing was 100 KPa, and the clearance was 1 mm. After printing, it was dried at 120 ° C. for 120 minutes.
- the shape of the conductive paste after printing was hemispherical with a diameter of 40 ⁇ m and a height of 30 ⁇ m.
- thermoplastic resin A which is a soluble thermoplastic resin
- MY0600 and 50 parts by weight of MY721, which are epoxy resins at 120 ° C.
- Stirring was performed using a stirrer for 30 minutes to completely dissolve the thermoplastic resin A to prepare an epoxy resin composition.
- the prepared epoxy resin composition was apply
- the FEP film on which the conductive paste was screen-printed was bonded to the surface of the obtained surface layer resin film so that the printed surface was in contact with the epoxy resin composition. Then, the FEP film was peeled off, and the conductive paste was transferred to the surface layer resin film. The conductive paste after the transfer maintained a hemispherical form.
- thermoplastic resin A 10 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin A is newly added to 50 parts by weight of MY600 and 50 parts by weight of MY721, and stirred at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes using a stirrer to completely dissolve thermoplastic resin A. After that, the resin temperature was cooled to 80 ° C. or lower. Thereafter, 30 parts by mass of thermoplastic resin B was kneaded and 45 parts by mass of 4,4′-DDS was further kneaded to prepare an epoxy resin composition. The prepared resin composition was applied onto release paper using a film coater to prepare a resin film for impregnation of 40 g / m 2 .
- the conductive material B was adhered to the fiber surface by immersing it in an aqueous solution in which CF-1 was used as the reinforcing fiber strand and the conductive material B was mixed with 2.5% by mass of silver-coated silica particles.
- the amount of the conductive material attached to the reinforcing fiber was 2 wt%.
- a resin film for impregnation was bonded to both sides of the obtained reinforcing fiber base material, and a fiber base material was impregnated with a hot melt method to prepare a primary prepreg.
- a surface layer resin film to which the conductive paste was transferred was bonded to both sides of the obtained primary prepreg so that the conductive paste was in contact with the fiber base material to prepare a prepreg.
- a volume resistivity measurement sample of the fiber layer was molded, and the conductivity was evaluated.
- the volume resistivity ( ⁇ ) of the fiber layer was 5 ⁇ cm. Moreover, it was 190 micrometers when the thickness of the fiber layer was measured.
- the evaluation results of the composite material (laminated body) produced using the prepreg obtained in Example 1 are shown in Table 1. In Example 1 where the value of formula (1) is 1.19, edge glow discharge did not occur when 20 kA was applied.
- Examples 2 and 3 Comparative Example 1
- the diameter of the conductive part and the distance (L) between the conductive parts are the values shown in Table 1.
- a prepreg and a laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the evaluation results of the obtained laminate are shown in Table 1.
- the value of formula (1) exceeds 0.5
- no edge glow discharge occurred when 20 kA was applied.
- the edge glow discharge was caused by the current of 20 kA. There has occurred.
- Examples 4 and 5 and Comparative Example 2 A prepreg and a laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the interval between the screen printing plates was changed and the distance (L) between the conductive parts was changed to the values shown in Table 1. The evaluation results of the obtained laminate are shown in Table 1. In Examples 4 and 5 in which the value of formula (1) exceeds 0.5, no edge glow discharge occurred when 20 kA was applied. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 2 in which the value of Equation (1) was 0.38, edge glow discharge was generated by a current of 20 kA.
- Comparative Example 3 A prepreg and a laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive material B was not attached to the reinforcing fibers. Since the conductive material B was not adhered to the reinforcing fiber, the volume resistivity ( ⁇ ) of the fiber layer was 100 ⁇ cm, which was higher than that of Example 1. The evaluation results of the obtained laminate are shown in Table 1. In the laminate of Comparative Example 3 having a low value of Equation (1) of 0.06, edge glow discharge was generated by a current of 20 kA.
- Example 6 A prepreg and a laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the conductive material B adhered to the reinforcing fibers was changed to 0.5% by mass.
- the volume resistivity ( ⁇ ) of the fiber layer was 10 ⁇ cm, which was slightly higher than that of Example 1.
- Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate. In the laminate of Example 6 in which the value of formula (1) was 0.59, edge glow discharge did not occur at a current of 20 kA.
- Example 7 A prepreg and a laminate were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except that CF-2, which is a metal-coated carbon fiber, was used as the reinforcing fiber instead of CF-1. Since metal-coated carbon fiber was used as the reinforcing fiber, the volume resistivity ( ⁇ ) of the fiber layer was as low as 3.5 ⁇ cm. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate. In the laminate of Example 7 in which the value of formula (1) was 1.70, edge glow discharge did not occur at a current of 20 kA.
- Example 8 A prepreg and a laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that graphite was used instead of silver-coated silica particles as the conductive material B adhered to the reinforcing fibers.
- the volume resistivity ( ⁇ ) of the fiber layer was 10 ⁇ cm, which was slightly higher than that of Example 1.
- Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate. In the laminated body of Example 8 in which the value of Formula (1) was 0.59, edge glow discharge did not occur at a current of 20 kA.
- Example 4 (Comparative Example 4, Examples 9, 10) A prepreg and a laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the basis weight of the reinforcing fiber substrate was changed and the thickness of the fiber layer was changed. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate. In the laminates of Examples 9 and 10 in which the value of formula (1) exceeded 0.5, no edge glow discharge was generated at a current of 20 kA. On the other hand, in the laminate of Comparative Example 4 having a value of the formula (1) of 0.47, edge glow discharge was generated at a current of 20 kA even though the volume low efficiency in the thickness direction of CFRP was low.
- Example 11 In the same manner as in Example 1, a surface layer resin film (resin weight: 10 g / m 2 ) onto which the conductive paste had been transferred was obtained. Next, 10 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin A is newly added to 50 parts by weight of MY600 and 50 parts by weight of MY721, and stirred at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes using a stirrer to completely dissolve thermoplastic resin A. After that, the resin temperature was cooled below 80 ° C. Thereafter, 30 parts by mass of thermoplastic resin B and 10 parts by mass of silver-coated silica particles were kneaded, and 45 parts by mass of 4,4′-DDS was further kneaded to prepare an epoxy resin composition.
- thermoplastic resin A 10 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin A is newly added to 50 parts by weight of MY600 and 50 parts by weight of MY721, and stirred at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes using a stirrer to completely dissolve thermoplastic resin A. After that, the resin temperature was cooled below 80 ° C
- the prepared resin composition was applied onto release paper using a film coater to prepare a resin film for impregnation of 40 g / m 2 .
- CF-1 to which the conductive material B was not attached as a reinforcing fiber strand was aligned in one direction to obtain a reinforcing fiber substrate having a fiber basis weight of 190 g / m 2 .
- a resin film for impregnation was bonded to both surfaces of the obtained reinforced fiber base material, and the fiber base material was impregnated with a hot melt method to prepare a primary prepreg.
- a surface layer resin film to which the conductive paste was transferred was bonded to both sides of the obtained primary prepreg so that the conductive paste was in contact with the fiber base material to prepare a prepreg.
- a volume resistivity measurement sample of the fiber layer was molded, and the conductivity was evaluated.
- the volume resistivity of the fiber layer was 10 ⁇ cm. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate. In the laminate of Example 11 in which the value of formula (1) is 0.59, edge glow discharge did not occur when 20 kA was applied.
- Example 12 In a kneading apparatus, 10 parts by mass of polyethersulfone 5003P (thermoplastic resin A), which is a soluble thermoplastic resin, is added to 50 parts by mass of MY0600 and 50 parts by mass of MY721, which are epoxy resins, and 120 minutes at 120 ° C. Stirring was performed using a stirrer to completely dissolve the thermoplastic resin A to prepare an epoxy resin composition. Subsequently, the prepared epoxy resin composition was apply
- thermoplastic resin A which is a soluble thermoplastic resin
- an impregnating resin film and a reinforcing fiber base were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a resin film for impregnation was bonded to both sides of the obtained reinforcing fiber base material, and a fiber base material was impregnated with a hot melt method to prepare a primary prepreg.
- a prepreg was prepared by laminating the resin film for the surface layer in which the conductive paste was dispersed on both surfaces of the obtained primary prepreg so that the conductive paste was in contact with the fiber base material.
- Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate. In the laminate of Example 12 in which the value of formula (1) was 1.19, edge glow discharge did not occur when 20 kA was applied.
- Precursor PAN fiber (single fiber fineness 1.2 dtex, filament number 24000) is flame-resistant at 250 ° C. in air until the fiber has a specific gravity of 1.35, followed by a maximum temperature of 500 in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Low temperature carbonization was performed at ° C. Thereafter, the carbon fiber produced by high-temperature carbonization at 1300 ° C.
- the adhesion amount of the organic silver complex was 0.1% by mass. Thereafter, the surface-modified carbon fiber bundles were aligned in one direction to produce a surface-modified carbon fiber substrate (weight per unit: 190 g / m 2 ). After adding 10 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin to 50 parts by weight of MY600 and 50 parts by weight of MY721 using a kneader and stirring with a stirrer at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes to completely dissolve the thermoplastic resin, The resin temperature was cooled below 80 ° C. Thereafter, 45 parts by mass of 4,4′-DDS was kneaded to prepare an epoxy resin composition.
- the prepared resin composition was applied onto release paper using a film coater to produce a 50 g / m 2 matrix resin film.
- a matrix resin film was bonded to both surfaces of the surface-modified carbon fiber base material, and the reinforced fiber base material was impregnated with a hot melt method to prepare a prepreg.
- a volume resistivity measurement sample was formed using the prepared prepreg, and the conductivity of the fiber-reinforced composite material was evaluated.
- the obtained fiber-reinforced composite material had an electric resistance of 1.6 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- Example 14 The prepreg and fiber-reinforced composite material were prepared in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the surface-modified carbon fiber bundle having the adhesion amount described in Table 3 was prepared by changing the silver complex concentration of the organic silver complex aqueous solution. Fabricated and evaluated for conductivity.
- Reference Example 1 a prepreg was obtained by mixing the matrix resin composition with the same method as in Example 14 except that the same amount of the organometallic complex was attached to the carbon fiber bundle by the following method.
- An unsized carbon fiber bundle was produced in the same manner as in Example 13. After 1.0 mass% of the epoxy sizing agent is attached to the obtained unsized carbon fiber bundle, the carbon fiber base material is aligned in one direction and has no conductive substance attached (weight per unit: 190 g / m 2). ) was produced.
- 10 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin and 0.2 parts by weight of organic silver complex are added to 50 parts by weight of MY600 and 50 parts by weight of MY721, and stirred at 120 ° C.
- the prepared resin composition was prepared matrix resin film of 50 g / m 2 was coated onto release paper using a film coater. A matrix resin film was bonded to both surfaces of the carbon fiber substrate, and the reinforced fiber substrate was impregnated with the resin composition by a hot melt method to prepare a prepreg.
- Table 3 shows the amount of the organometallic complex added to the mass of the carbon fiber in the prepreg.
- a volume resistivity measurement sample was formed using the prepared prepreg, and the conductivity of the fiber-reinforced composite material was evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 15 A prepreg and a laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface-modified reinforcing fiber obtained in Example 13 was used as the reinforcing fiber strand. As described above, the volume resistivity ( ⁇ ) of the fiber layer is 1.6 ⁇ cm, which is lower than that of Example 1. The evaluation results of the obtained laminate are shown in Table 4. In the laminate of Example 15 in which the value of formula (1) was 3.7, edge glow discharge did not occur at a current of 20 kA.
- Example 16 A prepreg and a laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface-modified reinforcing fiber obtained in Example 14 was used as the reinforcing fiber strand. As described above, the volume resistivity ( ⁇ ) of the fiber layer is 2.3 ⁇ cm, which is lower than that of Example 1. The evaluation results of the obtained laminate are shown in Table 4. In the laminate of Example 16 in which the value of formula (1) was 2.6, edge glow discharge did not occur at a current of 20 kA.
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Abstract
Description
繊維層の厚み方向の体積抵抗率ρ(Ωcm)と、繊維層の厚みt(cm)とプリプレグ表面に形成された導電部の平均間隔L(cm)と、が以下の式(1)を満たすプリプレグである。
t/ρ × 1/L × 100 ≧ 0.5 ・・・式(1)
導電部の平均間隔Lは、0.025cm以上であることが好ましい。
導電部は導電材Aを含んで構成される。また、本発明で用いる強化繊維は、繊維表面に導電材Bが付着した強化繊維であることが好ましい。導電材A及び導電材Bについては後述する。
繊維層が、強化繊維の単繊維間に存在する導電材Bを含んでいることも好ましい。
また、強化繊維と、前記強化繊維の表面に付着する有機金属錯体及び/又は有機金属錯体熱分解物と、から成る表面改質強化繊維を用いることも好ましい。
本発明の表面改質強化繊維は、その表面に有機金属錯体及び/又は有機金属錯体熱分解物が付着しているので高い導電性を有する。この表面改質強化繊維を用いて作製したプリプレグは、高い導電性を備える繊維強化複合材料を製造することができる。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料は、優れた導電性を有し、放電による損傷を抑制できるため、電磁遮蔽、静電気保護、電流リターン、及び導電性が必要な多くの用途に適用できる。
2 繊維層
3 樹脂層
4 導電部
5 導電部の間隔
6 繊維層の厚み(t)
以下、本発明のプリプレグについて説明する。なお、以下の説明において、特に示した場合を除き、体積は25℃における体積を意味する。
本発明のプリプレグは、少なくとも、強化繊維とマトリクス樹脂とからなるプリプレグであって、該強化繊維からなる繊維層の片面または両面に、導電部が形成されているプリプレグである。このプリプレグは、プリプレグの厚み方向の体積抵抗率ρ(Ωcm)と、繊維層の厚みt(cm)と、プリプレグ表面に配置された導電部の平均間隔L(cm)と、が以下の式(1)を満たすプリプレグである。
t/ρ × 1/L × 100 ≧ 0.5 ・・・式(1)
導電部[4]が線状や格子状などの連続配置である場合、導電部[4]の中心点とは線幅の中心点をいう。導電部[4]が点状や島状などの不連続配置である場合、導電部[4]の中心点とは、導電部[4]に外接する最小の外接円の中心点をいう。
導電部[4]が不連続に配置されている場合、その底面の形状に特に制限はなく、円形、楕円形、方形、多角形、星形、不定形等任意の形状とすることができる。また、その大きさは、底面における外接円の直径が0.1μm~5mmとなることが好ましく、1μm~1mmとなることがより好ましく、10~500μmとなることがさらに好ましい。また、各導電部[4]の底面の面積は、0.01~500,000μm2であることが好ましく、0.1~100,000μm2であることがより好ましく、1~10,000μm2であることがさらに好ましい。
(1-1) 強化繊維
強化繊維として用いられる繊維としては、特に制限はなく、例えば、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維、ポリエステル繊維、セラミック繊維、アルミナ繊維、ボロン繊維、炭化ケイ素繊維、鉱物繊維、岩石繊維及びスラッグ繊維などが挙げられる。本発明においては、繊維層の導電性の観点から、導電性繊維であることが好ましい。導電性繊維としては、例えば、炭素繊維、炭化ケイ素繊維、金属繊維が挙げられる。また、繊維表面が、例えば金属メッキ処理などの方法により、導電性物質で被覆された強化繊維を用いることもできる。
本発明で導電材Aおよび導電材Bとして用いる導電材としては、電気的に良好な導体として機能する導電物質であれば良く、導体のみに限定されない。好ましくは体積固有抵抗が100~10-9Ωcmであり、より好ましくは10~10-9Ωcmであり、さらに好ましくは1~10-9Ωcmであり、特に好ましくは10-1~10-9Ωcmである導電物質である。体積固有抵抗が低い方が、得られる複合材料の導電性をより効率よく向上させることができる。
本発明で用いるマトリクス樹脂には特に制限はなく、例えば硬化性樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂を用いることができる。マトリクス樹脂として硬化性樹脂を用いると、高い耐熱性を有する複合材料を製造できるので、好ましい。熱硬化性樹脂としては、耐熱性および機械特性の観点から、熱により架橋反応が進行して、少なくとも部分的に三次元架橋構造を形成する熱硬化性樹脂が好ましい。
[マトリクス樹脂に不溶な粒子]
本発明のマトリクス樹脂組成物には、マトリクス樹脂に不溶な粒子が含まれていてもよい。マトリクス樹脂に不溶な粒子は、プリプレグを製造する際、強化繊維シート表面に残留し、層間粒子となりやすい。この層間粒子は、FRPが受ける衝撃の伝播を抑制する。その結果、得られるFRPの耐衝撃性が向上する。マトリクス樹脂に不溶な粒子としては、無機粒子、ゴム粒子、樹脂粒子などが挙げられる。複合材料の機械特性の観点から、後述のマトリクス樹脂不溶性熱可塑性樹脂からなる粒子であることが好ましい。
マトリクス樹脂として硬化性樹脂を用いる場合は、必要に応じて樹脂を硬化させる硬化剤がマトリクス樹脂組成物に配合されていてもよい。硬化剤としては、マトリクス樹脂を硬化させる公知の硬化剤が用いられる。
マトリクス樹脂として、低粘度の樹脂を用いる場合、樹脂組成物に適切な粘度を与えるために、熱可塑性樹脂を配合してもよい。この樹脂組成物に粘度調節のために配合する熱可塑性樹脂には、最終的に得られる複合材料の耐衝撃性などの機械特性を向上させる効果もある。
マトリクス樹脂可溶性熱可塑性樹脂は、マトリクス樹脂の硬化温度においてマトリクス樹脂に80質量%以上溶解する樹脂が好ましい。
マトリクス樹脂組成物には、マトリクス樹脂可溶性熱可塑性樹脂の他に、マトリクス樹脂不溶性熱可塑性樹脂を含有していても良い。本発明において、マトリクス樹脂組成物はマトリクス樹脂可溶性熱可塑性樹脂及びマトリクス樹脂不溶性熱可塑性樹脂の両者を含有していることが好ましい。
マトリクス樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて、プリプレグ表面に配置される導電材以外に、繊維層のマトリクス樹脂中などに導電材を含んでいても良い。導電材としては、前述の導電材と同じものを用いることができる。導電材の配合量は、マトリクス樹脂組成物に含まれる主剤樹脂100質量部に対して、0.0001~20質量部となるように配合することが好ましく、0.0005~10質量部がより好ましく、0.001~5質量部が特に好ましい。
マトリクス樹脂組成物は、上記成分以外に、本発明の目的・効果を阻害しない限り、必要に応じて、適宜、酸無水物、ルイス酸、ジシアンジアミド(DICY)やイミダゾール類の如く塩基性硬化剤、尿素化合物、有機金属塩、反応希釈剤、充填剤、酸化防止剤、難燃剤、顔料などの各種添加剤を含むことができる。
(1-5) マトリクス樹脂組成物の製造方法
マトリクス樹脂組成物の製造方法は、特に限定されるものではなく、従来公知のいずれの方法を用いてもよい。例えば、マトリクス樹脂としてエポキシ樹脂を使用する場合は、樹脂組成物製造時に適用される混練温度としては、10~160℃の範囲が例示できる。160℃を超える場合は、エポキシ樹脂の熱劣化や、部分的に硬化反応が開始し、得られる樹脂組成物並びにそれを用いて製造されるプリプレグの保存安定性が低下する場合がある。10℃より低い場合は、エポキシ樹脂組成物の粘度が高く、実質的に混練が困難となる場合がある。好ましくは20~130℃であり、更に好ましくは30~110℃の範囲である。
本発明のプリプレグは、マトリクス樹脂組成物を、強化繊維基材を構成する各繊維基材の間隙に含浸させてなる。樹脂の含有率は、プリプレグの全質量を基準として、15~60質量%であることが好ましい。含有率が15質量%よりも少ない場合は、得られる複合材料に空隙などが発生し、機械特性を低下させる場合がある。含有率が60質量%を超える場合は、強化繊維による補強効果が不十分となり、実質的に質量対比機械特性が低いものになる場合がある。含有率は、好ましくは20~50量%であり、より好ましくは25~50質量%である。
本発明のプリプレグは、繊維層の片面または両面に、導電部が形成されている。導電部を形成する方法は、特に制限はなく、公知の方法を用いることができる。具体的には、前述の導電材Aをプリプレグ表面に散布する方法;導電材Aを配置した離型紙、または導電材Aを含んだ樹脂フィルムをプリプレグの表面に貼着する方法;導電材Aを含んで成る導電性ペーストを用いる方法などが挙げられる。
(2-1) 表面改質強化繊維
本発明の表面改質強化繊維は、強化繊維と、この強化繊維の表面に付着する有機金属錯体及び/又は有機金属錯体熱分解物と、から成る。
で表される銀化合物と、
を反応させて得られる有機銀錯体が例示される。
本発明の表面改質強化繊維は、有機金属錯体を含有する水溶液(以下、「錯体水溶液」ともいう)を強化繊維に付着させた後、乾燥することによって製造される。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料は、本発明のプリプレグを目的に応じて積層し、成形並びに硬化させることで、従来公知の方法により製造することができる。複合材料の製造方法としては、例えば、マニュアルレイアップ、自動テープレイアップ(ATL)、自動繊維配置、真空バギング、オートクレーブ硬化、オートクレーブ以外の硬化、流体援用加工、圧力支援プロセス、マッチモールドプロセス、単純プレス硬化、プレスクレーブ硬化、又は連続バンドプレスを使用する方法が適用される。
[強化繊維基材]
・CF-1:炭素繊維ストランド 「テナックス」 IMS60(商品名)
引張強度:5800MPa、引張弾性率:290GPa、フィラメント数:12000
・CF-2:金属被覆炭素繊維ストランド 「テナックス」 HTS40 MC(商品名)
引張強度:2900MPa、引張弾性率:230GPa、被覆金属:ニッケル
[有機金属錯体]
・有機銀錯体ペースト:[インクテックカンパニーリミテッド社製のTEC-PA-010(商品名)]
[エポキシ樹脂組成物]
(エポキシ樹脂)
・グリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂 (3官能基) [ハンツマン・アドバンスト・マテリアルズ社製アラルダイトMY0600(商品名)] (MY0600)
・グリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂 (4官能基) [ハンツマン・アドバンスト・マテリアルズ社製アラルダイトMY721(商品名)] (MY721)
(エポキシ樹脂硬化剤)
・4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン [和歌山精化社製の芳香族アミン系硬化剤] (4,4’-DDS)
(熱可塑性樹脂)
・熱可塑性樹脂A
平均粒子径20μmのポリエーテルスルホン [住友化学工業(株)製PES-5003P(商品名)](エポキシ樹脂に可溶な熱可塑性樹脂)
・熱可塑性樹脂B
平均粒子径20μmのグリルアミド [エムスケミージャパン社製TR-55(商品名)] (エポキシ樹脂に不溶な熱可塑性樹脂)
[導電材料]
(導電性ペースト)
銀ペースト:サンユレック株式会社製エレクトロニクス用導電性接着剤 GA-6278(商品名)(導電材A:銀微粒子(平均粒子径:2μm)、 分散材:エポキシ樹脂、 体積抵抗率:5×10-4Ωcm)
(導電材B)
・銀コートシリカ粒子 TFM S02P(平均粒子径2μm(カタログ値))[東洋アルミニウム(株)製]
・グラファイト BF-3AK(平均粒子径3μm(カタログ値))[株式会社中越黒鉛工業所製]
(1)繊維層の厚み測定
プリプレグをカット後、積層構成[+45/0/-45/90]2Sの積層体を得た。オートクレーブを用い、0.49MPaの圧力下、180℃で120分間の条件で成形した。成型体の断面を、サンドペーパーを用いて、成形物の表面を炭素繊維が露出するまで研磨した。最後に、2000番のサンドペーパーを用いて表面仕上げを行い、試験片を得た。得られた試験片を、顕微鏡で300倍に拡大し、繊維層の厚みを30点測定し、その平均値を繊維層の厚み(t)とした。
本発明において、繊維層および積層体の電気抵抗は、Z方向(厚さ方向)の体積抵抗率を用いて評価した。体積抵抗率とは、所与の材料の固有抵抗である。三次元材料の導電率の測定の単位はオーム-cm(Ωcm)である。材料のZ方向体積抵抗率ρは、通常下式により定義される。
ρ= RA/d
R:試験片の電気抵抗値(デジタルオームメーターで測定)
d:試験片の厚さ(m)
A:試験片の断面積 (m2)
本発明においては、体積抵抗はZ方向にのみ(複合材料の厚み方向)測定する。計算においては厚みが常に考慮されるので、すべての場合において、この値は「体積」抵抗率となる。
1ply(1層)のプリプレグをカット後、オートクレーブを用い、0.49MPaの圧力下、180℃で120分間加熱し成形した。得られた成形物を幅 40mm × 長さ 40mmの寸法に切断し、サンドペーパーを用いて、成形物の表面を炭素繊維が露出するまで研磨した。最後に、2000番のサンドペーパーを用いて表面仕上げを行い、試験片を得た。かかる研磨処理により、プリプレグ表面の樹脂層が除去され、繊維層の厚み方向の体積抵抗率が測定される。得られた試験片を、幅50mm×長さ50mmの金メッキを施した2枚の電極間に挟んだ。
両電極間に0.06MPaの荷重をかけた状態で、デジタルオームメーター(ADEX社製 AX-114N)でZ方向の試験片の抵抗値を測定し、上式から体積抵抗率を求めた。10枚の試験片について抵抗値を測定し、体積抵抗率を算出し、その平均値を用いて評価した。
プリプレグをカット、積層し、積層構成[+45/0/-45/90]2Sの積層体を得た。真空オートクレーブ成形法を用い、0.49MPaの圧力下、180℃で120分間成形した。得られた成形物を幅 40mm × 長さ 40mmの寸法に切断し、サンドペーパーを用いて、成形物の表面を炭素繊維が露出するまで研磨した。最後に、2000番のサンドペーパーを用いて表面仕上げを行い、試験片を得た。得られた試験片を、幅50mm×長さ50mmの金メッキを施した2枚の電極間に挟んだ。
両電極間に0.06MPaの荷重をかけた状態で、デジタルオームメーター(ADEX社製 AX-114N)でZ方向の試験片の抵抗値を測定し、上式から体積抵抗率を求めた。10枚の試験片について抵抗値を測定し、体積抵抗率を算出し、その平均値を用いて評価した。
プリプレグをカット後、更にその両面に樹脂フィルムを積層し、積層体を得た。オートクレーブを用い、0.49MPaの圧力下、180℃で120分間の条件で成形した。成型体の表面を光学顕微鏡で20倍に拡大し観察した。無作為に抽出した1つの導電部を中心にして平面を90度毎4象限に分割し、それぞれの象限毎に最も近い距離にある隣接導電部との距離を測定した。導電部30点に対し同様に4つの隣接導電部との距離を測定し、それらの算術平均値を導電部の平均間隔Lとした。
プリプレグをカット後、積層構成[+45/0/-45/90]3Sの積層体を得た。得られた積層体を360mm×50mmの大きさにカットした後、オートクレーブを用い、0.49MPaの圧力下、180℃で120分間の条件で成形した。
得られた成形板の中央及び両端に電極を通し、中央部の電極から20kAおよび30kAの電流をそれぞれ流し、試験片の側面からの放電による発光の有無を目視にて確認した。
導電性物質付着前の繊維質量(W1)と導電性物質付着後の繊維質量(W2)とを測定し、下式により付着量を算出した。
付着量[質量%] = (W2-W1)÷ W2 × 100
直径50μmのドット(円)状の開孔を幅方向、長さ方向それぞれ0.32cm間隔で格子状に配置させたスクリーン印刷版を用意した。FEPフィルム上にサンユレック株式会社製真空印刷機VPES-HAIVを使用し、導電材Aとして銀微粒子を含む銀ペーストを印刷した。印刷時の圧力は100KPa、クリアランスは1mmであった。印刷後、120℃で120分間乾燥した。印刷後の導電性ペーストの形状は直径40μm、高さ30μmの半球状であった。
ついで、強化繊維ストランドとしてCF-1を導電材Bとして銀コートシリカ粒子を2.5質量%混合した水溶液に浸し、繊維表面に導電材Bを付着させた。強化繊維への導電材付着量は2wt%であった。導電材Bを付着させた強化繊維を一方向に引き揃え、繊維目付け190g/m2の強化繊維基材とした。得られた強化繊維基材の両面に、含浸用樹脂フィルムを貼り合わせ、ホットメルト法により、樹脂組成物を繊維基材に含浸させ一次プリプレグを作製した。得られた一次プリプレグの両面に、導電性ペーストを転写させた表層用樹脂フィルムを、導電性ペーストが繊維基材と接するように貼り合わせプリプレグを作製した。
作製したプリプレグを用いて繊維層の体積抵抗率測定試料を成形し、導電性を評価した。繊維層の体積抵抗率(ρ)は、5Ωcmを示した。また、繊維層の厚みを測定したところ、190μmであった。
実施例1で得られたプリプレグを用いて作製した複合材料(積層体)の評価結果を表1に示した。式(1)の値が、1.19である実施例1では、20kAを付与した際にエッジグロー放電は発生しなかった。
スクリーン印刷版のドットの大きさと間隔を変更し、導電材Aの配合量および繊維層を変更せずに、導電部の直径、導電部間の距離(L)を表1の値とした以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグおよび積層体を作製した。得られた積層体の評価結果を表1に示した。式(1)の値が、0.5を超える実施例2、3では、いずれも20kAを付与した際にエッジグロー放電は発生しなかった。
一方、同量の導電材Aを添加し、同じ繊維層を用いているにもかかわらず、式(1)の値が、0.25であった比較例1では、20kAの電流によりエッジグロー放電が発生した。
スクリーン印刷版の間隔を変更し、導電部間の距離(L)を表1の値とした以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグおよび積層体を作製した。得られた積層体の評価結果を表1に示した。式(1)の値が、0.5を超える実施例4,5では、いずれも20kAを付与した際エッジグロー放電は発生しなかった。
一方、式(1)の値が、0.38であった比較例2では、20kAの電流によりエッジグロー放電が発生した。
強化繊維に導電材Bを付着させなかった以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグおよび積層体を作製した。強化繊維に導電材Bを付着させなかったため、繊維層の体積抵抗率(ρ)は、100Ωcmと実施例1と比べ高くなった。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表1に示した。式(1)の値が、0.06と低い比較例3の積層体では、20kAの電流によりエッジグロー放電が発生した。
強化繊維に付着させた導電材Bの量を0.5質量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグおよび積層体を作製した。繊維層の体積抵抗率(ρ)は、10Ωcmと実施例1と比べやや高くなった。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表2に示した。式(1)の値が、0.59の実施例6の積層体では、20kAの電流ではエッジグロー放電は発生しなかった。
強化繊維として、CF-1に変えて金属被覆炭素繊維であるCF-2を用いた以外は比較例3と同様にしてプリプレグおよび積層体を作製した。強化繊維として金属被覆炭素繊維を用いたため、繊維層の体積抵抗率(ρ)は、3.5Ωcmと低くなった。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表2に示した。式(1)の値が、1.70の実施例7の積層体では、20kAの電流ではエッジグロー放電は発生しなかった。
強化繊維に付着させた導電材Bとして、銀コートシリカ粒子に変えてグラファイトを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグおよび積層体を作製した。繊維層の体積抵抗率(ρ)は、10Ωcmと実施例1と比べやや高くなった。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表2に示した。式(1)の値が、0.59の実施例8の積層体では、20kAの電流ではエッジグロー放電は発生しなかった。
強化繊維基材の目付けを変更し、繊維層の厚みを変更した以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグおよび積層体を作製した。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表2に示した。式(1)の値が、0.5を超える実施例9、10の積層体では、いずれも20kAの電流ではエッジグロー放電は発生しなかった。
一方、式(1)の値が、0.47の比較例4の積層体は、CFRPの厚み方向の体積低効率が低いにもかかわらず、20kAの電流でエッジグロー放電が発生した。
実施例1と同様にして導電性ペーストを転写した表層用樹脂フィルム(樹脂目付:10g/m2)を得た。
次いで、新たに、50質量部のMY600と50質量部のMY721に、10質量部の熱可塑性樹脂Aを添加し、120℃で30分間攪拌機を用いて撹拌し、熱可塑性樹脂Aを完全溶解させた後、樹脂温度を80℃以下に冷ました。その後、30質量部の熱可塑性樹脂Bと、10質量部の銀コートシリカ粒子を混練し、さらに4,4’-DDSを45質量部混練して、エポキシ樹脂組成物を調製した。調製した樹脂組成物を、フィルムコーターを用いて離型紙上に塗布して40g/m2の含浸用樹脂フィルムを作製した。
次いで、強化繊維ストランドとして導電材Bを付着させていないCF-1を一方向に引き揃え、繊維目付け190g/m2の強化繊維基材とした。得られた強化繊維基材の両面に、含浸用樹脂フィルムを貼り合わせ、ホットメルト法により、樹脂組成物を繊維基材に含浸させて一次プリプレグを作製した。得られた一次プリプレグの両面に、導電性ペーストを転写させた表層用樹脂フィルムを、導電性ペーストが繊維基材と接するように貼り合わせプリプレグを作製した。
作製したプリプレグを用いて繊維層の体積抵抗率測定試料を成形し、導電性を評価した。繊維層の体積抵抗率は、10Ωcmを示した。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表2に示した。式(1)の値が、0.59である実施例11の積層体では、20kAを付与した際エッジグロー放電は発生しなかった。
混練装置で、エポキシ樹脂である50質量部のMY0600と50質量部のMY721に、可溶性熱可塑性樹脂である10質量部のポリエーテルスルホン5003P(熱可塑性樹脂A)を添加し、120℃で30分間攪拌機を用いて撹拌し、熱可塑性樹脂Aを完全溶解させエポキシ樹脂組成物を調製した。次いで、調製したエポキシ樹脂組成物を、フィルムコーターを用いて離型フィルム上に塗布し、表層用樹脂フィルム(樹脂目付:10g/m2)を得た。導電性ペーストを凍結粉砕し、表層用樹脂フィルムの表面に、散布した。
次いで、実施例1と同様にして含浸用樹脂フィルムおよび強化繊維基材を作製した。得られた強化繊維基材の両面に、含浸用樹脂フィルムを貼り合わせ、ホットメルト法により、樹脂組成物を繊維基材に含浸させ一次プリプレグを作製した。得られた一次プリプレグの両面に、導電性ペーストを散布した表層用樹脂フィルムを、導電性ペーストが繊維基材と接するように貼り合わせプリプレグを作製した。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表2に示した。式(1)の値が、1.19である実施例12の積層体では、20kAを付与した際エッジグロー放電は発生しなかった。
前駆体繊維であるPAN繊維(単繊維繊度1.2dtex、フィラメント数24000)を、空気中250℃で、繊維比重1.35になるまで耐炎化処理を行い、次いで窒素ガス雰囲気下、最高温度500℃で低温炭素化させた。その後、窒素雰囲気下1300℃で高温炭素化させて製造した炭素繊維を、10質量%の硫酸アンモニウム水溶液を用い、20C/gの電気量で電解酸化により表面処理を行い、未サイジング炭素繊維束(引張強度5000MPa、引張弾性率250GPa、炭素含有量98質量%、フィラメント数24000、総繊度1600tex)を得た。
得られた未サイジング表面改質炭素繊維束に、エポキシ系サイジング剤を1.0質量%付着させた。
次いで、得られた炭素繊維束を有機銀錯体水溶液(銀錯体濃度15g/L)の浴中に浸漬させた後、乾燥して表面改質炭素繊維束を作製した。有機銀錯体(分解物含む)の付着量は0.1質量%であった。
その後、この表面改質炭素繊維束を一方向に引き揃え、表面改質炭素繊維基材(目付:190g/m2)を作製した。
混練装置で、50質量部のMY600と50質量部のMY721に、10質量部の熱可塑性樹脂を添加し、120℃で30分間攪拌機を用いて撹拌し、熱可塑性樹脂を完全溶解させた後、樹脂温度を80℃以下に冷ました。その後、4,4’-DDSを45質量部混練して、エポキシ樹脂組成物を調製した。調製した樹脂組成物を、フィルムコーターを用いて離型紙上に塗布して50g/m2のマトリクス樹脂フィルムを作製した。
表面改質炭素繊維基材の両面に、マトリクス樹脂フィルムを貼り合わせ、ホットメルト法により、樹脂組成物を強化繊維基材に含浸させ、プリプレグを作製した。
作製したプリプレグを用いて体積抵抗率測定試料を成形し、繊維強化複合材料の導電性を評価した。得られた繊維強化複合材料の電気抵抗は、1.6Ω・cmであった。
有機銀錯体水溶液の銀錯体濃度を変更して表3に記載するとおりの付着量を有する表面改質炭素繊維束を作製した他は、実施例13と同様の方法でプリプレグ及び繊維強化複合材料を作製し、導電性を評価した。
参考例1では、以下の手法により、実施例14と同量の有機金属錯体を炭素繊維束に付着させるのに変えて、マトリクス樹脂組成物に混合してプリプレグを得た。
実施例13と同様の方法で未サイジング炭素繊維束を作製した。
得られた未サイジング炭素繊維束に、エポキシ系サイジング剤を1.0質量%付着させた後、一方向に引き揃え、導電性物質の付着していない炭素繊維基材(目付:190g/m2)を作製した。
混練装置で、50質量部のMY600と50質量部のMY721に、10質量部の熱可塑性樹脂、有機銀錯体0.2質量部を添加し、120℃で30分間攪拌機を用いて撹拌し、熱可塑性樹脂を完全溶解させた後、樹脂温度を80℃以下に冷ました。その後、4,4’-DDSを45質量部混練して、エポキシ樹脂組成物を調製した。調製した樹脂組成物を、フィルムコーターを用いて離型紙上に塗布して50g/m2のマトリクス樹脂フィルムを作製した。
炭素繊維基材の両面に、マトリクス樹脂フィルムを貼り合わせ、ホットメルト法により、樹脂組成物を強化繊維基材に含浸させ、プリプレグを作製した。プリプレグ中の炭素繊維の質量に対する有機金属錯体の添加量は表3に示した。
作製したプリプレグを用いて体積抵抗率測定試料を成形し、繊維強化複合材料の導電性を評価した。評価結果は表1に示した。
強化繊維ストランドとして、実施例13で得られた表面改質強化繊維を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして同様にしてプリプレグおよび積層体を作製した。繊維層の体積抵抗率(ρ)は、前述の通り1.6Ωcmと実施例1と比べ低い。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表4に示した。式(1)の値が、3.7の実施例15の積層体では、20kAの電流ではエッジグロー放電は発生しなかった。
強化繊維ストランドとして、実施例14で得られた表面改質強化繊維を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして同様にしてプリプレグおよび積層体を作製した。繊維層の体積抵抗率(ρ)は、前述の通り2.3Ωcmと実施例1と比べ低い。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表4に示した。式(1)の値が、2.6の実施例16の積層体では、20kAの電流ではエッジグロー放電は発生しなかった。
Claims (13)
- 少なくとも、強化繊維と、マトリクス樹脂と、からなるプリプレグであって、
強化繊維からなる繊維層の片面又は両面に、導電部が形成されてなり、
繊維層の厚み方向の体積抵抗率ρ(Ωcm)と、前記繊維層の厚みt(cm)と、プリプレグ表面に配置された前記導電部の平均間隔L(cm)と、が以下の式(1)
t/ρ ×1/L × 100 ≧ 0.5 ・・・式(1)
を満たすことを特徴とするプリプレグ。 - 前記体積抵抗率ρが50Ωcm以下である請求項1に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記平均間隔Lが0.025cm以上である請求項1又は2に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記強化繊維が、繊維表面に導電材Bが付着してなる強化繊維である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記繊維層が、少なくとも強化繊維と、強化繊維の単繊維間に存在する導電材Bとからなる繊維層である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグ。
- 少なくとも、強化繊維とマトリクス樹脂とからなる繊維強化複合材料であって、
強化繊維からなる繊維層が積層されてなる層間に、導電部が形成されてなり、
前記繊維層の厚み方向の体積抵抗率ρ(Ωcm)と、前記繊維層の厚みt(cm)と、同一層間における前記導電部の平均間隔L(cm)と、が式(1)
t/ρ × 1/L × 100 ≧ 0.5 ・・・式(1)
を満たすことを特徴とする繊維強化複合材料。 - 強化繊維と、
前記強化繊維の表面に付着する有機金属錯体及び/又は有機金属錯体熱分解物と、
から成ることを特徴とする表面改質強化繊維。 - 前記有機金属錯体が、有機銀錯体である請求項7に記載の表面改質強化繊維。
- 前記有機金属錯体及び/又は有機金属錯体熱分解物の付着量が、前記強化繊維の質量に対して1質量%未満である請求項7又は8に記載の表面改質強化繊維。
- 有機金属錯体を含有する水溶液を強化繊維に付着させた後、乾燥することを特徴とする請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の表面改質強化繊維の製造方法。
- 請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の表面改質強化繊維から成る強化繊維層と、
前記強化繊維層に含浸したマトリクス樹脂組成物と、
を含んで成ることを特徴とするプリプレグ。 - 導電性物質が付着して成る表面改質強化繊維から成る強化繊維層と、
マトリクス樹脂組成物と、
から成る繊維強化複合材料であって、
前記導電性物質の付着量が前記表面改質強化繊維の質量に対して8質量%未満であり、
前記強化繊維層に対して垂直方向への体積抵抗率が8Ω・cm以下であることを特徴とする繊維強化複合材料。 - 前記強化繊維が、請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の表面改質強化繊維である請求項1に記載のプリプレグ。
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