WO2017156996A1 - 一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2017156996A1
WO2017156996A1 PCT/CN2016/099574 CN2016099574W WO2017156996A1 WO 2017156996 A1 WO2017156996 A1 WO 2017156996A1 CN 2016099574 W CN2016099574 W CN 2016099574W WO 2017156996 A1 WO2017156996 A1 WO 2017156996A1
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titanium
tool
coating
aluminum
vacuum chamber
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PCT/CN2016/099574
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李国建
隋旭东
江陈杰
王凯
王强
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东北大学
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Priority to EP16894155.7A priority Critical patent/EP3396015B1/en
Publication of WO2017156996A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017156996A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0641—Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
    • C23C14/0036—Reactive sputtering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/021—Cleaning or etching treatments
    • C23C14/022—Cleaning or etching treatments by means of bombardment with energetic particles or radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/024—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. to promote adhesion of the coating
    • C23C14/025—Metallic sublayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/028—Physical treatment to alter the texture of the substrate surface, e.g. grinding, polishing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/08—Oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/08—Oxides
    • C23C14/083—Oxides of refractory metals or yttrium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/3435—Applying energy to the substrate during sputtering
    • C23C14/345—Applying energy to the substrate during sputtering using substrate bias
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/3464—Sputtering using more than one target
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C23C28/44—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by a measurable physical property of the alternating layer or system, e.g. thickness, density, hardness

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of tool protection coating for cutting difficult materials, and particularly relates to a composite function tool coating for titanium alloy cutting and a preparation method thereof.
  • Titanium alloy is a high-strength lightweight material with good heat resistance and corrosion resistance. It is widely used in aviation, aerospace, automotive, chemical and biological fields. Especially in the aerospace industry, the proportion of titanium alloy materials is increasing year by year. The use of titanium alloy materials to manufacture aircraft parts not only extends the life of the aircraft, but also reduces its weight and fuel consumption, thereby greatly improving its flight performance.
  • titanium alloys also lead to very poor processability.
  • the low thermal conductivity, large chemical reactivity and low modulus of elasticity of titanium alloys are the main reasons for the difficulty in cutting titanium alloys.
  • the chemical activity of the titanium alloy material is large, especially when the temperature exceeds 500 ° C, the titanium alloy will become extremely active, which will chemically react with the cutting tool material, causing a serious sticking phenomenon, which in turn leads to an increase in tool wear. Reduce the life of cutting tools.
  • the tool materials used for cutting titanium alloys at home and abroad mainly include coated and uncoated cemented carbide, cubic boron nitride and polycrystalline diamond.
  • cubic boron nitride and polycrystalline diamond tools are constrained by titanium alloy cutting applications because of their high price; uncoated cemented carbide tools have good cutting effect when cutting titanium alloy at low speed, and high-speed cutting effect is not ideal;
  • the layered carbide tool combines the hardness and toughness of the substrate with one or more layers of wear-resistant, high-temperature and oxidation-resistant coatings, which can effectively cut titanium alloys and thus has the widest application range.
  • the present invention provides a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting and a preparation method thereof.
  • the tool coating prepared by the invention can effectively reduce the bonding phenomenon between the coating and the workpiece material during the cutting process of the titanium alloy, and can effectively prolong the service life of the coating tool, and the prepared tool coating is very suitable for processing titanium. And its alloys.
  • a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting including a primer coating and a top coating:
  • the undercoat layer the element is atomic percentage, titanium is 10 to 40 at.%, aluminum is 5 to 20 at.%, strontium is 2 to 18 at.%, nitrogen is 40.16 to 55 at.%, and thickness is 1-4 ⁇ m;
  • Top coat The elements contained are in atomic percentage, oxygen is 50-78.02 at.%, bismuth is 8-35 at.%, aluminum is 0-10 at.%, titanium is 0-10 at.%, and thickness is 50-1500 nm.
  • a preparation method of a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Pretreatment of the tool base:
  • the tool base body is subjected to wet blasting treatment, and after cleaning, it is dried at 80 to 150 ° C for 5 to 15 minutes, and placed in a vacuum chamber;
  • Step 2 the tool base glow sputter cleaning:
  • the temperature is raised to 350-500 ° C, high-purity Ar gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the pressure of the vacuum chamber is adjusted to 0.5 to 2 Pa, and the pulsed negative bias is applied.
  • Step 3 preparation of the undercoat layer:
  • the deposition conditions are as follows: a flow rate of 20 to 50 sccm of N 2 gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the Ar gas flow rate is adjusted to 30 to 50 sccm, the temperature is 400 to 500 ° C, the negative bias voltage is 20 to 180 V, and the vacuum degree is 0.3 to 0.9. Pa;
  • a pure titanium target having a purity of 99.99% is used to deposit a pure Ti transition layer having a thickness of 150-300 nm;
  • the deposition conditions are unchanged, and the undercoat layer is prepared by the following method (1) or method (2):
  • the N 2 gas is turned off, and a high-purity O 2 gas having a flow rate of 15 to 50 sccm is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum degree and the negative bias voltage are unchanged, and the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy target or the pure tantalum target is used.
  • a top coat comprising a thickness of 50 to 1500 nm;
  • step 5 after the furnace is cooled to 120 ° C, the cutter is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
  • the sand blasting used in the wet blasting treatment is as follows: the mass percentage of the alumina abrasive is 20 to 35%, the rust inhibitor is 1 to 15%, and the water is 50 to 79%.
  • the blasting pressure is 0.5-0.8 MPa and the blasting time is 10-20 min.
  • the tool base cleaning process is: first clean the tool base with a commercial finished cleaning agent for at least 5 min, then rinse with water for at least 5 min.
  • the composition of the titanium aluminum bismuth alloy target is 20 to 70 at.% of titanium, 5 to 50 at.% of aluminum, and 5 to 35 at.% of aluminum according to atomic mass percentage;
  • Step 3 the composition of the titanium-aluminum alloy target is 20 to 80 at.% of titanium and 20 to 80 at.% of aluminum in terms of atomic mass percentage.
  • the composition of the titanium aluminum bismuth alloy target is 5 to 35 at.% of titanium, 5 to 35 at.% of aluminum, and 30 to 90 at.% of aluminum in terms of atomic percentage.
  • the present invention provides a composite functional tool coating for reducing the adhesion between a tool material and a workpiece when cutting a titanium alloy material, and a preparation method thereof; the coated tool produced by the invention can effectively reduce titanium alloy cutting The bonding between the coating and the workpiece material during processing, and can effectively extend the service life of the coating tool.
  • the tool coating prepared is very suitable for processing titanium and its alloys;
  • a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting according to the present invention and a preparation method thereof comprising the undercoat layer having high hardness and oxidation resistance and the TaO oxide having low reactivity with titanium and its alloy.
  • Functional coating; the undercoat can be either a single layer of uniform coating or a gradient coating; the functional coating can be deposited either on the underlying coating or on other resistant tool coatings. , can play a role in reducing the bonding phenomenon, reducing the amount of wear and prolonging the service life of the tool;
  • a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting according to the present invention and a preparation method thereof, which are used for depositing a composite functional tool coating on a tool base after pre-treating the tool, and coating by the method The matching between the layer tool, the base material and the composite function tool coating is good, so that the coating has the characteristics of high wear resistance, excellent oxidation resistance and small adhesion to titanium and its alloy; It is determined that the composite functional tool coating tool prepared by the invention can significantly reduce the bonding between the coating tool and the workpiece material, reduce the wear amount of the coating tool, and prolong the service life of the tool.
  • the composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting according to the present invention and the preparation method thereof are easy to implement, and the cost is low and the effect is good.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a composite functional tool coating prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, 1-tool base; 2-base coat; 3-oxide functional layer;
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between a blade wear amount and a cutting length of a tool having a TiAlTaN/TaO composite function tool coating prepared in Example 8 of the present invention and a tool having a single layer TiAlTaN coating prepared in Comparative Example 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a photograph showing a wear profile of a tool having a TiAlTaN/TaO composite function tool coating prepared in Example 8 of the present invention and a tool having a single layer TiAlTaN coating prepared in Comparative Example 1; wherein (a) is Comparative Example 1 A photograph of the wear profile of a prepared tool having a single layer of TiAlTaN coating; (b) a photograph of the wear profile of a tool having a composite functional tool coating prepared in Example 8; 4-bond; 5 - tool material shedding ;
  • Example 4 is a cutter having a TiAlTaN/TaO composite functional tool coating prepared according to Example 8 of the present invention and prepared in Comparative Example 1. Experimental curve of friction and wear of a single layer TiAlTaN coated tool;
  • Figure 5 is a bar graph of the flank wear amount of the tool having the TiAlSiN/TaO composite function tool coating prepared in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention and the tool having the TiAlSiN coating prepared in Comparative Example 3.
  • a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting including a primer coating and a top coating:
  • the undercoat layer the element is atomic percentage, titanium is 30.01 at.%, aluminum is 20 at.%, strontium is 4.43 at.%, nitrogen is 45.56 at.%, and thickness is 2.7 ⁇ m;
  • Top coat The elements contained are in atomic percentage, oxygen is 71.02 at.%, ruthenium is 22.53 at.%, aluminum is 2.25 at.%, titanium is 4.20 at.%, and thickness is 150 nm.
  • a preparation method of a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Pretreatment of the tool base:
  • the tool base is wet-blasted, washed, and dried at 150 ° C for 15 min, and placed in a vacuum chamber.
  • sand blasting is used for wet blasting, and the composition is in mass percent: alumina abrasive with a particle size of 600 mesh. 32%, rust inhibitor 2%, water 66%; blasting pressure 0.5MPa, blasting time 20min; tool base cleaning process: first use commercial finished cleaning agent to clean the tool base for 10min, then clean with water for 5min;
  • Step 2 the tool base glow sputter cleaning:
  • the temperature is raised to 500 ° C, high-purity Ar gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, the pressure of the vacuum chamber is adjusted to 2 Pa, and the pulsed negative bias is 1000 V, and the duty is applied. Glow sputter cleaning for 30 min under 20% conditions;
  • Step 3 preparation of the undercoat layer:
  • the deposition conditions are as follows: a flow rate of 25 sccm of N 2 gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the Ar gas flow rate is adjusted to 50 sccm, the temperature is 400 ° C, the negative bias voltage is 180 V, and the vacuum degree is 0.6 Pa;
  • a pure titanium target having a purity of 99.99% is used to deposit a pure Ti transition layer having a thickness of 300 nm;
  • the deposition conditions were unchanged, and a titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy target was used to deposit a 2.7 ⁇ m undercoat layer.
  • the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy target composition was 56 at.% of titanium and 36 at.% of aluminum according to atomic mass percentage. 8at.%;
  • the N 2 gas is turned off, and a high-purity O 2 gas having a flow rate of 15 sccm is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum degree and the negative bias voltage are unchanged.
  • the titanium aluminum-bismuth alloy target is used, and the deposition thickness is 150 nm.
  • the top coat layer wherein, the composition of the titanium aluminum bismuth alloy target, atomic percentage, titanium 12 at.%, aluminum 8 at.%, ⁇ 80 at.%.
  • step 5 after the furnace is cooled to 120 ° C, the cutter is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
  • a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting including a primer coating and a top coating:
  • the undercoat layer the element contained is atomic percentage, titanium is 30.01 at.%, aluminum is 19.12 at.%, germanium is 4.31 at.%, nitrogen is 46.56 at.%, and thickness is 2.7 ⁇ m;
  • Top coat The elements contained are in atomic percentage, oxygen is 70 at.%, niobium is 25.76 at.%, aluminum is 2.09 at.%, titanium is 2.15 at.%, and thickness is 300 nm.
  • a preparation method of a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Pretreatment of the tool base:
  • the tool base is wet-blasted, washed, and dried at 150 ° C for 15 min, and placed in a vacuum chamber.
  • sand blasting is used for wet blasting, and the composition is in mass percent: alumina abrasive with a particle size of 400 mesh. 20%, rust inhibitor 15%, water 65%; blasting pressure 0.8MPa, blasting time 20min; tool base cleaning process: first use commercial finished cleaning agent to clean the tool base for 10min, then clean with water for 5min;
  • Step 2 the tool base glow sputter cleaning:
  • the temperature is raised to 500 ° C, high-purity Ar gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, the pressure of the vacuum chamber is adjusted to 2 Pa, and the pulsed negative bias is 1000 V, and the duty is applied. Glow sputter cleaning for 30 min under 50% conditions;
  • Step 3 preparation of the undercoat layer:
  • the deposition conditions are as follows: a flow rate of 30 sccm of N 2 gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the Ar gas flow rate is adjusted to 50 sccm, the temperature is 400 ° C, the negative bias voltage is 180 V, and the vacuum degree is 0.65 Pa;
  • a pure titanium target having a purity of 99.99% is used to deposit a pure Ti transition layer having a thickness of 300 nm;
  • the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy target is used to deposit a 2.7 ⁇ m undercoat layer.
  • the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy target composition is 70 at.% of titanium and 5 at.% of aluminum according to atomic mass percentage. 25at.%;
  • the N 2 gas is turned off, and a high-purity O 2 gas having a flow rate of 50 sccm is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum degree and the negative bias voltage are unchanged, and the titanium aluminum-bismuth alloy target is used to deposit a thickness of 300 nm.
  • the top coat layer wherein, the titanium aluminum bismuth alloy target composition, atomic percentage, titanium 5 at.%, aluminum 5 at.%, ⁇ 90 at.%.
  • step 5 after the furnace is cooled to 120 ° C, the cutter is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
  • a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting including a primer coating and a top coating:
  • the underlying coating the element contained is atomic percentage, titanium is 14.39 at.%, aluminum is 15.12 at.%, strontium is 18 at.%, nitrogen is 52.49 at.%, and thickness is 4 ⁇ m;
  • Top layer coating The elements contained are in atomic percentage, oxygen is 78.02 at.%, helium is 17.53 at.%, aluminum is 2.15 at.%, titanium is 2.3 at.%, and thickness is 150 nm.
  • a preparation method of a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Pretreatment of the tool base:
  • the tool base is wet-blasted, washed, and dried at 150 ° C for 15 min, and placed in a vacuum chamber.
  • sand blasting is used for wet blasting, and the composition is in mass percent: alumina abrasive with a particle size of 600 mesh. 35%, rust inhibitor 1%, water 64%; blasting pressure 0.5MPa, blasting time 20min; tool base cleaning process: first use commercial finished cleaning agent to clean the tool base for 5min, then clean with water for 5min;
  • Step 2 the tool base glow sputter cleaning:
  • the temperature is raised to 500 ° C, high-purity Ar gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, the pressure of the vacuum chamber is adjusted to 2 Pa, and the pulsed negative bias is 1000 V, and the duty is applied. Glow sputter cleaning for 30 min under 20% conditions;
  • Step 3 preparation of the undercoat layer:
  • the deposition conditions are as follows: a flow rate of 25 sccm of N 2 gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the Ar gas flow rate is adjusted to 50 sccm, the temperature is 400 ° C, the negative bias voltage is 180 V, and the vacuum degree is 0.6 Pa;
  • a pure titanium target having a purity of 99.99% is used to deposit a pure Ti transition layer having a thickness of 300 nm;
  • the deposition conditions were unchanged, and a titanium-aluminum alloy target and a pure tantalum target were co-sputtered to deposit a primer layer having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m.
  • the composition of the titanium-aluminum alloy target was 50 at.% by atomic mass percentage.
  • Aluminum is 50at.%;
  • the N 2 gas is turned off, and a high-purity O 2 gas having a flow rate of 15 sccm is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum degree and the negative bias voltage are unchanged.
  • the titanium aluminum-bismuth alloy target is used, and the deposition thickness is 150 nm.
  • the top coat layer wherein, the titanium aluminum bismuth alloy target composition, in atomic percentage, titanium 7 at.%, aluminum 8 at.%, ⁇ 85 at.%.
  • step 5 after the furnace is cooled to 120 ° C, the cutter is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
  • a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting including a primer coating and a top coating:
  • the undercoat layer the element is atomic percentage, titanium is 39.92 at.%, aluminum is 6.12 at.%, strontium is 13.8 at.%, nitrogen is 40.16 at.%, and thickness is 1 ⁇ m;
  • Top coat The elements contained are in atomic percentage, oxygen is 75.8 at.%, ruthenium is 8 at.%, aluminum is 10 at.%, titanium is 6.2 at.%, and thickness is 1000 nm.
  • a preparation method of a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Pretreatment of the tool base:
  • the tool base is wet-blasted, cleaned, dried at 80 ° C for 10 min, and placed in a vacuum chamber.
  • sand blasting is used for wet blasting, and the composition is in mass percent: alumina abrasive with a particle size of 400 mesh. 20%, rust inhibitor 1%, water 79%; blasting pressure 0.8MPa, blasting time 10min; tool base cleaning process: first use commercial finished cleaning agent to clean the tool base for 10min, then clean with water for 5min;
  • Step 2 the tool base glow sputter cleaning:
  • the temperature is raised to 350 ° C, high-purity Ar gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, the pressure of the vacuum chamber is adjusted to 0.5 Pa, and the pulsed negative bias is 500 V. Glow sputter cleaning for 15 min under an air ratio of 80%;
  • Step 3 preparation of the undercoat layer:
  • the deposition condition is: introducing a flow rate of 50 sccm of N 2 gas into the vacuum chamber, adjusting the Ar gas flow rate to 50 sccm, a temperature of 400 ° C, a negative bias voltage of 180 V, and a vacuum degree of 0.9 Pa;
  • a pure titanium target having a purity of 99.99% is used to deposit a pure Ti transition layer having a thickness of 150 nm;
  • the deposition conditions were unchanged, and a thickness of 1 ⁇ m was deposited by co-sputtering with a titanium-aluminum alloy target and a pure tantalum target.
  • the composition of the titanium-aluminum alloy target was 20 at.% by atomic mass percentage.
  • aluminum is 80at.%;
  • the N 2 gas is turned off, and a high-purity O 2 gas having a flow rate of 50 sccm is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum degree and the negative bias voltage are unchanged.
  • the titanium aluminum-bismuth alloy target is used, and the deposition thickness is 1000 nm.
  • the top coating wherein, the composition of the titanium aluminum bismuth alloy target, atomic percentage, titanium 29 at.%, aluminum 35 at.%, ⁇ 36 at.%.
  • step 5 after the furnace is cooled to 120 ° C, the cutter is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
  • a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting including a primer coating and a top coating:
  • the underlying coating the element contained is atomic percentage, titanium is 23 at.%, aluminum is 20 at.%, strontium is 2 at.%, nitrogen is 55 at.%, and thickness is 4 ⁇ m;
  • Top coat The elements contained are in atomic percentage, oxygen is 60.79 at.%, lanthanum is 35 at.%, aluminum is 2.02 at.%, titanium is 2.19 at.%, and thickness is 50 nm.
  • a preparation method of a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Pretreatment of the tool base:
  • the tool base is wet-blasted, cleaned, dried at 80 ° C for 15 min, and placed in a vacuum chamber.
  • sand blasting is used for wet blasting, and the composition is in mass percent: alumina abrasive with a particle size of 600 mesh. 35%, rust inhibitor 15%, water 50%; blasting pressure 0.5MPa, blasting time 20min; tool base cleaning process: first use commercial finished cleaning agent to clean the tool base for 20min, then clean with water for 5min;
  • Step 2 the tool base glow sputter cleaning:
  • the temperature is raised to 500 ° C, high-purity Ar gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, the pressure of the vacuum chamber is adjusted to 0.5 Pa, and the pulsed negative bias voltage is 500 V. Glow sputter cleaning for 15 min under an air ratio of 80%;
  • Step 3 preparation of the undercoat layer:
  • the deposition conditions are as follows: a flow rate of 25 sccm of N 2 gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the Ar gas flow rate is adjusted to 50 sccm, the temperature is 400 ° C, the negative bias voltage is 180 V, and the vacuum degree is 0.6 Pa;
  • a pure titanium target having a purity of 99.99% is used to deposit a pure Ti transition layer having a thickness of 300 nm;
  • the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy target is used to deposit a primer layer with a thickness of 4 ⁇ m.
  • the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy target composition is 50 at.% of titanium and 45 at.% of aluminum by atomic mass percentage. 5at.%;
  • the N 2 gas is turned off, and a high-purity O 2 gas having a flow rate of 15 sccm is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum degree and the negative bias voltage are unchanged, and the titanium aluminum-bismuth alloy target is used to deposit a thickness of 50 nm.
  • the top coat layer wherein, the titanium aluminum bismuth alloy target composition, atomic percentage, titanium 35 at.%, aluminum 35 at.%, ⁇ 30 at.%.
  • step 5 after the furnace is cooled to 120 ° C, the cutter is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
  • a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting including a primer coating and a top coating:
  • the underlying coating the element is in atomic percentage, titanium is 10 at.%, aluminum is 20 at.%, strontium is 15.22 at.%, nitrogen is 54.78 at.%, and thickness is 3 ⁇ m;
  • Top coat The elements contained are in atomic percentage, oxygen is 72.08 at.%, strontium is 8 at.%, aluminum is 10 at.%, titanium is 9.92 at.%, and thickness is 50 nm.
  • a preparation method of a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Pretreatment of the tool base:
  • wet blasting the tool base after cleaning, drying at 150 ° C for 5 min, into the vacuum chamber; wherein, the sand blasting used in wet blasting, the composition according to the mass percentage: alumina abrasive with a particle size of 600 mesh 32%, rust inhibitor 2%, water 66%;
  • the blasting pressure is 0.8MPa and the blasting time is 15min.
  • the cleaning process of the tool base is: firstly clean the tool base with commercial finished cleaning agent for 8min, then clean with water for 8min;
  • Step 2 the tool base glow sputter cleaning:
  • Step 3 preparation of the undercoat layer:
  • the deposition condition is: introducing a flow rate of 20 sccm of N 2 gas into the vacuum chamber, adjusting the Ar gas flow rate to 30 sccm, a temperature of 500 ° C, a negative bias voltage of 20 V, and a vacuum degree of 0.3 Pa;
  • a pure titanium target having a purity of 99.99% is used to deposit a pure Ti transition layer having a thickness of 200 nm;
  • the deposition conditions were unchanged, and the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy target was used to deposit a 3 ⁇ m undercoat layer. Among them, the composition of the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy target was 20 at.% for titanium and 45 at.% for aluminum. 35at.%;
  • the N 2 gas is turned off, and a high-purity O 2 gas having a flow rate of 15 sccm is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum degree and the negative bias voltage are unchanged.
  • the titanium aluminum ruthenium target is used to deposit a top layer having a thickness of 50 nm. a coating; wherein, the composition of the titanium aluminum bismuth target is in atomic percentage ratio, titanium is 35 at.%, aluminum is 25 at.%, and strontium is 40 at.%;
  • step 5 after the furnace is cooled to 120 ° C, the cutter is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
  • a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting including a primer coating and a top coating:
  • the undercoat layer the element is atomic percentage, titanium is 40 at.%, aluminum is 5.12 at.%, strontium is 13.8 at.%, nitrogen is 41.08 at.%, and thickness is 1 ⁇ m;
  • Top coat The elements contained are in atomic percentage, oxygen is 50 at.%, niobium is 30 at.%, aluminum is 10 at.%, titanium is 10 at.%, and thickness is 1500 nm.
  • a preparation method of a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Pretreatment of the tool base:
  • wet blasting the tool base after cleaning, drying at 150 ° C for 5 min, into the vacuum chamber; wherein, the sand blasting used in wet blasting, the composition according to the mass percentage: alumina abrasive with a particle size of 600 mesh 32%, rust inhibitor 2%, water 66%; blasting pressure 0.8MPa, sand blasting time 10min; tool base cleaning process: first use commercial finished cleaning agent to clean the tool base for 10min, then clean with water for 10min;
  • Step 2 the tool base glow sputter cleaning:
  • the temperature is raised to 400 ° C, high-purity Ar gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, the pressure of the vacuum chamber is adjusted to 0.5 Pa, and the pulsed negative bias voltage is 500 V. Glow sputter cleaning for 15 min under an air ratio of 80%;
  • Step 3 preparation of the undercoat layer:
  • the deposition conditions are as follows: a flow rate of 25 sccm of N 2 gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the Ar gas flow rate is adjusted to 50 sccm, the temperature is 400 ° C, the negative bias voltage is 180 V, and the vacuum degree is 0.6 Pa;
  • a pure titanium target having a purity of 99.99% is used to deposit a pure Ti transition layer having a thickness of 300 nm;
  • the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy target is used to deposit a primer layer with a thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
  • the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy target composition is 68 at.% of titanium and 8 at.% of aluminum according to atomic mass percentage. 24at.%;
  • the N 2 gas is turned off, and a high-purity O 2 gas having a flow rate of 15 sccm is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum degree and the negative bias voltage are unchanged, and the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy target is used, and the deposition thickness is 1500 nm.
  • step 5 after the furnace is cooled to 120 ° C, the cutter is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
  • a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting including a primer coating and a top coating:
  • the undercoat layer the element is atomic percentage, titanium is 40 at.%, aluminum is 5.12 at.%, strontium is 13.8 at.%, nitrogen is 41.08 at.%, and thickness is 1 ⁇ m;
  • Top coat The elements contained are in atomic percentage, oxygen is 75.2 at.%, bismuth is 24.8 at.%, and thickness is 150 nm.
  • a preparation method of a composite functional tool coating for titanium alloy cutting comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Pretreatment of the tool base:
  • wet blasting the tool base after cleaning, drying at 150 ° C for 5 min, into the vacuum chamber; wherein, the sand blasting used in wet blasting, the composition according to the mass percentage: alumina abrasive with a particle size of 600 mesh 32%, rust inhibitor 2%, water 66%; blasting pressure 0.8MPa, sand blasting time 10min; tool base cleaning process: first use commercial finished cleaning agent to clean the tool base for 10min, then clean with water for 10min;
  • Step 2 the tool base glow sputter cleaning:
  • the temperature is raised to 350 ° C, high-purity Ar gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, the pressure of the vacuum chamber is adjusted to 0.5 Pa, and the pulsed negative bias is 500 V. Glow sputter cleaning for 15 min under an air ratio of 80%;
  • Step 3 preparation of the undercoat layer:
  • the deposition conditions are as follows: a flow rate of 25 sccm of N 2 gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the Ar gas flow rate is adjusted to 50 sccm, the temperature is 400 ° C, the negative bias voltage is 180 V, and the vacuum degree is 0.6 Pa;
  • a pure titanium target having a purity of 99.99% is used to deposit a pure Ti transition layer having a thickness of 300 nm;
  • the deposition conditions were unchanged, and a titanium-aluminum alloy target and a pure tantalum target were co-sputtered to deposit a primer layer having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
  • the composition of the titanium-aluminum alloy target was 80 at.% in terms of atomic mass percentage.
  • Aluminum is 20at.%;
  • the N 2 gas is turned off, and a high-purity O 2 gas having a flow rate of 15 sccm is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum degree and the negative bias voltage are unchanged.
  • the pure ruthenium target is used to deposit a top coat having a thickness of 150 nm.
  • Floor
  • step 5 after the furnace is cooled to 120 ° C, the cutter is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
  • the coating used in this embodiment is a single-layer TiAlTaN coating containing atomic percentages of titanium at 40 at.%, aluminum at 5.12 at.%, strontium at 13.8 at.%, and nitrogen at 41.08 at.%. Is 1 ⁇ m;
  • a method of preparing a single layer TiAlTaN coating the steps comprising Step 1, Step 2, Step 3 and Step 5 of Example 8.
  • the underlying coating is a TiAlSiN coating produced by a foreign coating company: the elements are in atomic percentage, titanium is 31.02 at.%, aluminum is 13.66 at.%, silicon is 2.88 at.%, and nitrogen is 52.44 at.%. , thickness is 1.8 ⁇ m;
  • Top coat The elements contained are in atomic percentage, oxygen is 75.2 at.%, bismuth is 24.8 at.%, and thickness is 150 nm.
  • the preparation method of the foreign TiAlSiN/TaO composite function tool coating comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Pretreatment of the tool base:
  • the tool base is wet-blasted, washed, and dried at 150 ° C for 15 min, and placed in a vacuum chamber.
  • sand blasting is used for wet blasting, and the composition is in mass percent: alumina abrasive with a particle size of 600 mesh. 32%, rust inhibitor 2%, water 66%; blasting pressure 0.5MPa, blasting time 20min; tool base cleaning process: first use commercial finished cleaning agent to clean the tool base for 10min, then clean with water for 5min;
  • Step 2 the tool base glow sputter cleaning:
  • Step 3 preparation of the undercoat layer:
  • This step entrusts foreign coating manufacturers to coat, the method used is magnetron sputtering; the coating mainly contains four elements of Ti, Al, Si and N, the hardness is 3500HV, the friction coefficient is 0.4, and the appearance color is deep. Brass color
  • the vacuum chamber into the flow of high purity 25sccm O 2 gas, 35 sccm O 2 gas of high purity, degree of vacuum of 0.5 Pa, a negative bias of 180V, pure Ta target, deposition a top coat having a thickness of 150 nm;
  • step 5 after the furnace is cooled to 120 ° C, the cutter is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
  • a single layer of TiAlSiN coating produced by a foreign coating company contains atomic percentages of titanium, 31.02 at.%, aluminum 13.66 at.%, silicon 2.88 at.%, and nitrogen at 52.44 at.%. It is 1.8 ⁇ m.
  • a preparation method of a single-layer TiAlSiN coating produced by a foreign coating company the steps including step 1, step 2, step 3 and step 5 of Comparative Example 2.
  • the experiment uses the MAZAK200Y5 axis linkage horizontal turning and milling machining center to carry out the titanium alloy TC4 cutting experiment.
  • the maximum speed of the center spindle is 10000r/min, and the rated power can reach 22.35kW.
  • the TC4 bar used in the experiment is a typical ⁇ + ⁇ dual phase alloy with a yield strength of 834 MPa, a hardness of 36 HRC, an elastic modulus of 114 GPa, and a density and thermal conductivity of 4430 kg/m 3 and 6.7 w/(m ⁇ k), respectively. .
  • the cutting tools used in the experiment are:
  • Coated tool a The single-layer TiAlTaN coated tool prepared in Comparative Example 1 uses YG8 cemented carbide as the tool base (blade type CNMG120408). After pre-treating the tool substrate, it is applied to the tool substrate by physical vapor deposition. The Ti transition layer and the TiAlTaN coating are successively deposited, and the conditions are the same as those of the TiAlTaN underlayer in the third step of the embodiment 8;
  • Coating tool b TiAlTaN/TaO composite function tool coating tool prepared in Example 8, using YG8 cemented carbide as the tool base (blade type CNMG120408), after physical pretreatment of the tool substrate by physical vapor deposition a Ti transition layer, a TiAlTaN undercoat layer and a TaO functional layer are successively deposited on the tool substrate;
  • Coated tool c The foreign TiAlSiN coated tool prepared in Comparative Example 3, using YG8 cemented carbide as the tool base (blade type CNMG120408), commissioned a well-known foreign coating manufacturer to prepare TiAlSiN coating;
  • Coated tool d The foreign TiAlSiN/TaO composite tool coating tool prepared in Comparative Example 2 uses YG8 cemented carbide as the tool base (blade type CNMG120408), and entrusted foreign well-known coating manufacturers to prepare TiAlSiN coating. A layer of TaO coating is then deposited over the TiAlSiN coating using physical vapor deposition techniques.
  • the reason why the surface of the YG8 tool is first coated with a Ti transition layer is that it is beneficial to the physical and chemical transition between the coating and the cemented carbide substrate. Matching, more conducive to the adhesion of the coating.
  • the cutting depth ap 0.5mm
  • the cutting length of the TiAlTaN coated tool is 110m, and the cutting length of the TiAlTaN/TaO composite tool coating tool can be increased to about 340m, the composite function tool The cutting performance of the coating is increased by more than three times, and the cutting performance of the coated tool is significantly improved. It can be seen that the composite functional tool coating prepared by the invention is beneficial for reducing the wear amount of the cutter and improving the service life of the cutter.
  • FIG. 3 is a photograph of the wear profile of a tool having a TiAlTaN/TaO composite function tool coating prepared in Example 8 and a tool having a single layer TiAlTaN coating prepared in Comparative Example 1, and two coating tools can be seen from the figure. Different degrees of bond wear have occurred.
  • Figure 3 (a) is a photograph of the wear profile of a tool having a single layer of TiAlTaN coating prepared in Comparative Example 1; as shown by the dashed box in Figure 3 (a), there is a large amount of bonding at the tip of the TiAlTaN coated tool.
  • 3(b) is a photograph showing the wear profile of a tool having a TiAlTaN/TaO composite function tool coating prepared in Example 8; and a TiAlTaN/TaO composite function tool coating tool after cutting a titanium alloy, the bond at the tool tip is more Less, as shown by the dashed box in Figure 3(b).
  • the results of EDX spectrum analysis show that the main components of the bulk bond are Ti, V, C, O, Al, Fe, W, etc., indicating that the bond is formed after the bonding reaction between the tool material and the titanium alloy workpiece. .
  • the reason for the less adhesion of the TiAlTaN/TaO composite tool coating tool at the tip of the tool may be due to the addition of the TaO functional layer, which reduces the adhesion and reaction between the coating and the titanium alloy, making the tip not easy to stick.
  • the workpiece material is knotted.
  • the frictional wear test curve of the tool having the iAlTaN/TaO composite function tool coating prepared in Example 8 and the single layer TiAlTaN coating tool prepared in Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIG. 4, and the friction of the TiAlTaN/TaO composite function tool coating is shown in FIG.
  • the coefficient is lower than that of the TiAlTaN single layer coating, which also makes it difficult to form a bulk bond at the tip.
  • the above surface oxide functional coatings have also been tested to be applied to other existing tool coatings, such as TiAlN, TiAlSiN, CrAlN, etc., but not limited to these tool coatings.
  • the surface functional coating of the invention has the property of being spread, and coating on other existing coatings can also reduce the wear of the tool during the cutting of the titanium alloy and improve the tool life.
  • the TiAlSiN/TaO composite tool prepared in Comparative Example 2 is prepared.
  • the bar graph of the flank wear amount of the coated tool and the tool having the TiAlSiN coating prepared in Comparative Example 3 is shown in Fig. 5. It can be seen from the figure that the wear of foreign TiAlSiN coated tools with TaO surface functional layer is only half of that of ordinary foreign TiAlSiN coated tools, and the cutting performance of titanium alloys of composite functional tool coated tools is improved by about two. Times. This means that the surface oxide functional coating can be applied to other existing tool coatings to achieve good cutting results and reduce the wear of the coating tool.

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Abstract

一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层及制备方法，钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层包括底层涂层(2)和顶层涂层(3)，制备方法包括：刀具基体(1)的预处理；刀具基体(1)辉光溅射清洗；底层涂层(2)的制备；顶层涂层(3)的制备；降温取出刀具。

Description

一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于难加工材料切削用刀具保护涂层技术领域，特别涉及一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
钛合金属于高强轻质材料，拥有良好的耐热性和耐腐蚀性能，在航空、航天、汽车、化学及生物等领域有着广泛的应用。特别是在航空航天领域，钛合金材料的应用比例成逐年增加的趋势。用钛合金材料制造飞机零部件，不仅可以延长飞机使用寿命，而且可以减轻其重量，降低燃料消耗，从而大大提高其飞行性能。
然而钛合金优异的性能也导致其可加工性非常差，其中钛合金材料较低的热导率、较大的化学反应活性以及较低的弹性模量是造成钛合金切削加工困难的主要原因。尤其是钛合金材料的化学活性大，特别当温度超过500℃时，钛合金会变得异常活跃，其会与切削刀具材料发生化学反应，造成严重的粘刀现象，进而导致刀具磨损情况加剧，减少切削刀具的使用寿命。
目前，国内外用来切削加工钛合金的刀具材料主要包括涂层和未涂层硬质合金、立方氮化硼和聚晶金刚石等。其中，立方氮化硼和聚晶金刚石刀具由于价格过于高昂，制约了其钛合金切削应用；未涂层硬质合金刀具低速切削钛合金时拥有较好的切削效果，高速切削效果不理想；涂层硬质合金刀具兼具基体良好的硬度和韧性，同时表面涂覆一层或多层耐磨损、耐高温和抗氧化的涂层，能有效的切削加工钛合金，因而应用范围最广。但是，目前用于钛合金切削的商业化刀具涂层(如TiCN、TiAlN、TiAlSiN等)在切削加工时，都容易与钛及其合金发生粘结反应，造成粘刀现象严重，在切削界面处形成切屑瘤。这些切屑瘤在后续的切削中会脱离刀具，同时带走部分刀具材料，加剧刀具的磨损。综上所述，需要开发一种与钛合金粘结反应活性小的刀具涂层，从而降低钛及其合金切削时的粘刀现象，降低刀具的磨损量，延长刀具的使用寿命。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层及其制备方法。本发明所制备的刀具涂层能够有效降低钛合金切削加工时涂层与工件材料之间的粘结现象，并能有效延长涂层刀具的使用寿命，使用所制备的刀具涂层非常适合加工钛及其合金。
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层，包括底层涂层和顶层涂层：
底层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为10～40at.％，铝为5～20at.％，钽为2～18at.％，氮为40.16～55at.％，厚度为1～4μm；
顶层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，氧为50～78.02at.％，钽为8～35at.％，铝0～10at.％，钛0～10at.％，厚度为50～1500nm。
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，刀具基体的预处理：
对刀具基体进行湿喷砂处理，清洗后，在80～150℃下烘干5～15min，放入真空室；
步骤2，刀具基体辉光溅射清洗：
当真空室的真空度大于等于3×10-3Pa时，升温至350～500℃，向真空室中通入高纯Ar气，调节真空室的压强为0.5～2Pa，在加脉冲负偏压500～1000V，占空比20～80％的条件下，辉光溅射清洗15～30min；
步骤3，底层涂层的制备：
沉积条件为：向真空室内通入流量为20～50sccm的N2气，同时调节Ar气流量为30～50sccm，温度为400～500℃，负偏压为20～180V，真空度为0.3～0.9Pa；
在上述沉积条件下，采用纯度为99.99％的纯钛靶材，沉积厚度为150～300nm的纯Ti过渡层；
沉积条件不变，采用下述方法(1)或方法(2)，制备底层涂层：
(1)采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为1～4μm底层涂层；
(2)采用钛铝合金靶材和纯钽靶材共溅射的方法，制备厚度为1～4μm底层涂层；
步骤4，顶层涂层的制备：
底层涂层制备完毕后，关闭N2气，向真空室中通入流量为15～50sccm的高纯O2气，真空度和负偏压不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材或纯钽靶材，沉积厚度为50～1500nm的顶层涂层；
步骤5，随炉降温至120℃后，取出刀具，常温冷却。
所述的步骤1中，湿喷砂处理所用喷砂，成分按质量百分含量为：粒度为400～600目的氧化铝磨料20～35％，防锈剂1～15％，水50～79％；喷砂压力0.5～0.8MPa，喷砂时间10～20min；刀具基体清洗过程为：先采用商业成品清洗剂对刀具基体进行清洗至少5min，然后用清水清洗至少5min。
所述的步骤3方法(1)中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子质量百分数，钛为20～70at.％，铝为5～50at.％，钽为5～35at.％；步骤3方法(2)中，钛铝合金靶材成分，按原子质量百分数，钛为20～80at.％，铝为20～80at.％。
所述的步骤4中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子百分数，钛5～35at.％，铝5～35at.％，钽30～90at.％。
本发明的一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层及其制备方法，与现有技术相比，有益效果是：
1.本发明提供一种在切削钛合金材料时，降低刀具材料和工件之间粘结性的复合功能刀具涂层及其制备方法；本发明所制得的涂层刀具能够有效降低钛合金切削加工时涂层与工件材料之间的粘结现象，并能有效延长涂层刀具的使用寿命，使用所制备的刀具涂层非常适合加工钛及其合金；
2.本发明的一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层及其制备方法，制备的涂层包括具有高硬度和抗氧化性能的底层涂层和与钛及其合金反应活性小的TaO氧化物功能涂层；底层涂层既能够是单层均匀的涂层，也能够是梯度涂层；功能涂层，既可以沉积在上述底层涂层上，也可以沉积在其它耐磨刀具涂层之上，都能起到降低粘结现象，降低磨损量，延长刀具使用寿命的作用；
3.本发明的一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层及其制备方法，是在对刀具进行预处理后在刀具基上进行复合功能刀具涂层的沉积，通过这种方法制得的涂层刀具，基体材料和复合功能刀具涂层之间的匹配性良好，使涂层兼具耐磨性高、抗氧化性优良和与钛及其合金粘结性小的特点；经钛合金切削实验测定，通过本发明所制备的复合功能刀具涂层刀具能够显著的降低涂层刀具和工件材料之间的粘结，降低涂层刀具的磨损量，延长刀具的使用寿命。
4.本发明的一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层及其制备方法，容易实施，且成本低廉，效果好。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例制备的复合功能刀具涂层的截面结构示意图；其中，1-刀具基体；2-底层涂层；3-氧化物功能层；
图2为本发明实施例8制备的具有TiAlTaN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层的刀具和对比例1制备的具有单层TiAlTaN涂层的刀具的刀面磨损量与切削长度的关系图；
图3为本发明实施例8制备的具有TiAlTaN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层的刀具和对比例1制备的具有单层TiAlTaN涂层的刀具的磨损形貌照片；其中，(a)为对比例1制备的具有单层TiAlTaN涂层刀具的磨损形貌照片；(b)为实施例8制备的具有复合功能刀具涂层的刀具的磨损形貌照片；4-粘结物；5-刀具材料脱落处；
图4为本发明实施例8制备的具有TiAlTaN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层的刀具和对比例1制备的 具有单层TiAlTaN涂层刀具的摩擦磨损实验曲线；
图5为本发明对比例2制备的具有TiAlSiN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层的刀具和对比例3制备的具有TiAlSiN涂层的刀具的后刀面磨损量柱状图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层，包括底层涂层和顶层涂层：
底层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为30.01at.％，铝为20at.％，钽为4.43at.％，氮为45.56at.％，厚度为2.7μm；
顶层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，氧为71.02at.％，钽为22.53at.％，铝2.25at.％，钛4.20at.％，厚度为150nm。
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，刀具基体的预处理：
对刀具基体进行湿喷砂处理，清洗后，在150℃下烘干15min，放入真空室；其中，湿喷砂处理所用喷砂，成分按质量百分含量为：粒度为600目的氧化铝磨料32％，防锈剂2％，水66％；喷砂压力0.5MPa，喷砂时间20min；刀具基体清洗过程为：先采用商业成品清洗剂对刀具基体进行清洗10min，然后用清水清洗5min；
步骤2，刀具基体辉光溅射清洗：
当真空室的真空度大于等于3×10-3Pa时，升温至500℃，向真空室中通入高纯Ar气，调节真空室的压强为2Pa，在加脉冲负偏压1000V，占空比20％的条件下，辉光溅射清洗30min；
步骤3，底层涂层的制备：
沉积条件为：向真空室内通入流量为25sccm的N2气，同时调节Ar气流量为50sccm，温度为400℃，负偏压为180V，真空度为0.6Pa；
在上述沉积条件下，采用纯度为99.99％的纯钛靶材，沉积厚度为300nm的纯Ti过渡层；
沉积条件不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为2.7μm底层涂层；其中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子质量百分数，钛为56at.％，铝为36at.％，钽为8at.％；
步骤4，顶层涂层的制备：
底层涂层制备完毕后，关闭N2气，向真空室中通入流量为15sccm的高纯O2气，真空度和负偏压不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为150nm的顶层涂层；其中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子百分数，钛12at.％，铝8at.％，钽80at.％。
步骤5，随炉降温至120℃后，取出刀具，常温冷却。
制得的钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的结构如图1所示。
实施例2
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层，包括底层涂层和顶层涂层：
底层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为30.01at.％，铝为19.12at.％，钽为4.31at.％，氮为46.56at.％，厚度为2.7μm；
顶层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，氧为70at.％，钽为25.76at.％，铝2.09at.％，钛2.15at.％，厚度为300nm。
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，刀具基体的预处理：
对刀具基体进行湿喷砂处理，清洗后，在150℃下烘干15min，放入真空室；其中，湿喷砂处理所用喷砂，成分按质量百分含量为：粒度为400目的氧化铝磨料20％，防锈剂15％，水65％；喷砂压力0.8MPa，喷砂时间20min；刀具基体清洗过程为：先采用商业成品清洗剂对刀具基体进行清洗10min，然后用清水清洗5min；
步骤2，刀具基体辉光溅射清洗：
当真空室的真空度大于等于3×10-3Pa时，升温至500℃，向真空室中通入高纯Ar气，调节真空室的压强为2Pa，在加脉冲负偏压1000V，占空比50％的条件下，辉光溅射清洗30min；
步骤3，底层涂层的制备：
沉积条件为：向真空室内通入流量为30sccm的N2气，同时调节Ar气流量为50sccm，温度为400℃，负偏压为180V，真空度为0.65Pa；
在上述沉积条件下，采用纯度为99.99％的纯钛靶材，沉积厚度为300nm的纯Ti过渡层；
沉积条件不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为2.7μm底层涂层；其中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子质量百分数，钛为70at.％，铝为5at.％，钽为25at.％；
步骤4，顶层涂层的制备：
底层涂层制备完毕后，关闭N2气，向真空室中通入流量为50sccm的高纯O2气，真空度和负偏压不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为300nm的顶层涂层；其中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子百分数，钛5at.％，铝5at.％，钽90at.％。
步骤5，随炉降温至120℃后，取出刀具，常温冷却。
制得的钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的结构如图1所示。
实施例3
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层，包括底层涂层和顶层涂层：
底层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为14.39at.％，铝为15.12at.％，钽为18at.％，氮为52.49at.％，厚度为4μm；
顶层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，氧为78.02at.％，钽为17.53at.％，铝2.15at.％，钛2.3at.％，厚度为150nm。
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，刀具基体的预处理：
对刀具基体进行湿喷砂处理，清洗后，在150℃下烘干15min，放入真空室；其中，湿喷砂处理所用喷砂，成分按质量百分含量为：粒度为600目的氧化铝磨料35％，防锈剂1％，水64％；喷砂压力0.5MPa，喷砂时间20min；刀具基体清洗过程为：先采用商业成品清洗剂对刀具基体进行清洗5min，然后用清水清洗5min；
步骤2，刀具基体辉光溅射清洗：
当真空室的真空度大于等于3×10-3Pa时，升温至500℃，向真空室中通入高纯Ar气，调节真空室的压强为2Pa，在加脉冲负偏压1000V，占空比20％的条件下，辉光溅射清洗30min；
步骤3，底层涂层的制备：
沉积条件为：向真空室内通入流量为25sccm的N2气，同时调节Ar气流量为50sccm，温度为400℃，负偏压为180V，真空度为0.6Pa；
在上述沉积条件下，采用纯度为99.99％的纯钛靶材，沉积厚度为300nm的纯Ti过渡层；
沉积条件不变，采用钛铝合金靶材和纯钽靶材共溅射的方法，沉积厚度为4μm底层涂层；其中，钛铝合金靶材成分，按原子质量百分数，钛为50at.％，铝为50at.％；
步骤4，顶层涂层的制备：
底层涂层制备完毕后，关闭N2气，向真空室中通入流量为15sccm的高纯O2气，真空度和负偏压不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为150nm的顶层涂层；其中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子百分数，钛7at.％，铝8at.％，钽85at.％。
步骤5，随炉降温至120℃后，取出刀具，常温冷却。
制得的钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的结构如图1所示。
实施例4
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层，包括底层涂层和顶层涂层：
底层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为39.92at.％，铝为6.12at.％，钽为13.8at.％，氮为40.16at.％，厚度为1μm；
顶层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，氧为75.8at.％，钽为8at.％，铝10at.％，钛6.2at.％，厚度为1000nm。
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，刀具基体的预处理：
对刀具基体进行湿喷砂处理，清洗后，在80℃下烘干10min，放入真空室；其中，湿喷砂处理所用喷砂，成分按质量百分含量为：粒度为400目的氧化铝磨料20％，防锈剂1％，水79％；喷砂压力0.8MPa，喷砂时间10min；刀具基体清洗过程为：先采用商业成品清洗剂对刀具基体进行清洗10min，然后用清水清洗5min；
步骤2，刀具基体辉光溅射清洗：
当真空室的真空度大于等于3×10-3Pa时，升温至350℃，向真空室中通入高纯Ar气，调节真空室的压强为0.5Pa，在加脉冲负偏压500V，占空比80％的条件下，辉光溅射清洗15min；
步骤3，底层涂层的制备：
沉积条件为：向真空室内通入流量为50sccm的N2气，同时调节Ar气流量为50sccm，温度为400℃，负偏压为180V，真空度为0.9Pa；
在上述沉积条件下，采用纯度为99.99％的纯钛靶材，沉积厚度为150nm的纯Ti过渡层；
采沉积条件不变，用钛铝合金靶材和纯钽靶材共溅射的方法，沉积厚度为1μm底层涂层；其中，钛铝合金靶材成分，按原子质量百分数，钛为20at.％，铝为80at.％；
步骤4，顶层涂层的制备：
底层涂层制备完毕后，关闭N2气，向真空室中通入流量为50sccm的高纯O2气，真空度和负偏压不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为1000nm的顶层涂层；其中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子百分数，钛29at.％，铝35at.％，钽36at.％。
步骤5，随炉降温至120℃后，取出刀具，常温冷却。
制得的钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的结构如图1所示。
实施例5
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层，包括底层涂层和顶层涂层：
底层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为23at.％，铝为20at.％，钽为2at.％，氮为55at.％，厚度为4μm；
顶层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，氧为60.79at.％，钽为35at.％，铝2.02at.％，钛2.19at.％，厚度为50nm。
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，刀具基体的预处理：
对刀具基体进行湿喷砂处理，清洗后，在80℃下烘干15min，放入真空室；其中，湿喷砂处理所用喷砂，成分按质量百分含量为：粒度为600目的氧化铝磨料35％，防锈剂15％，水50％；喷砂压力0.5MPa，喷砂时间20min；刀具基体清洗过程为：先采用商业成品清洗剂对刀具基体进行清洗20min，然后用清水清洗5min；
步骤2，刀具基体辉光溅射清洗：
当真空室的真空度大于等于3×10-3Pa时，升温至500℃，向真空室中通入高纯Ar气，调节真空室的压强为0.5Pa，在加脉冲负偏压500V，占空比80％的条件下，辉光溅射清洗15min；
步骤3，底层涂层的制备：
沉积条件为：向真空室内通入流量为25sccm的N2气，同时调节Ar气流量为50sccm，温度为400℃，负偏压为180V，真空度为0.6Pa；
在上述沉积条件下，采用纯度为99.99％的纯钛靶材，沉积厚度为300nm的纯Ti过渡层；
沉积条件不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为4μm底层涂层；其中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子质量百分数，钛为50at.％，铝为45at.％，钽为5at.％；
步骤4，顶层涂层的制备：
底层涂层制备完毕后，关闭N2气，向真空室中通入流量为15sccm的高纯O2气，真空度和负偏压不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为50nm的顶层涂层；其中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子百分数，钛35at.％，铝35at.％，钽30at.％。
步骤5，随炉降温至120℃后，取出刀具，常温冷却。
制得的钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的结构如图1所示。
实施例6
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层，包括底层涂层和顶层涂层：
底层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为10at.％，铝为20at.％，钽为15.22at.％，氮为54.78at.％，厚度为3μm；
顶层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，氧为72.08at.％，钽为8at.％，铝为10at.％，钛为9.92at.％，厚度为50nm。
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，刀具基体的预处理：
对刀具基体进行湿喷砂处理，清洗后，在150℃下烘干5min，放入真空室；其中，湿喷砂处理所用喷砂，成分按质量百分含量为：粒度为600目的氧化铝磨料32％，防锈剂2％，水66％； 喷砂压力0.8MPa，喷砂时间15min；刀具基体清洗过程为：先采用商业成品清洗剂对刀具基体进行清洗8min，然后用清水清洗8min；
步骤2，刀具基体辉光溅射清洗：
当真空室的真空度大于等于3×10-3Pa时，升温至500℃后，向真空室中通入高纯Ar气，调节真空室的压强为2Pa，在加脉冲负偏压1000V，占空比20％的条件下，辉光溅射清洗30min；
步骤3，底层涂层的制备：
沉积条件为：向真空室内通入流量为20sccm的N2气，同时调节Ar气流量为30sccm，温度为500℃，负偏压为20V，真空度为0.3Pa；
在上述沉积条件下，采用纯度为99.99％的纯钛靶材，沉积厚度为200nm的纯Ti过渡层；
沉积条件不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为3μm底层涂层；其中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子百分数为，钛为20at.％，铝为45at.％，钽为35at.％；
步骤4，顶层涂层的制备：
底层涂层制备完毕后，关闭N2气，向真空室中通入流量为15sccm的高纯O2气，真空度和负偏压不变，采用钛铝钽靶材，沉积厚度为50nm的顶层涂层；其中，钛铝钽靶材的成分，按原子百分数比为，钛为35at.％，铝为25at.％，钽为40at.％；
步骤5，随炉降温至120℃后，取出刀具，常温冷却。
制得的钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的结构如图1所示。
实施例7
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层，包括底层涂层和顶层涂层：
底层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为40at.％，铝为5.12at.％，钽为13.8at.％，氮为41.08at.％，厚度为1μm；
顶层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，氧为50at.％，钽为30at.％，铝10at.％，钛10at.％，厚度为1500nm。
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，刀具基体的预处理：
对刀具基体进行湿喷砂处理，清洗后，在150℃下烘干5min，放入真空室；其中，湿喷砂处理所用喷砂，成分按质量百分含量为：粒度为600目的氧化铝磨料32％，防锈剂2％，水66％；喷砂压力0.8MPa，喷砂时间10min；刀具基体清洗过程为：先采用商业成品清洗剂对刀具基体进行清洗10min，然后用清水清洗10min；
步骤2，刀具基体辉光溅射清洗：
当真空室的真空度大于等于3×10-3Pa时，升温至400℃，向真空室中通入高纯Ar气，调节真空室的压强为0.5Pa，在加脉冲负偏压500V，占空比80％的条件下，辉光溅射清洗15min；
步骤3，底层涂层的制备：
沉积条件为：向真空室内通入流量为25sccm的N2气，同时调节Ar气流量为50sccm，温度为400℃，负偏压为180V，真空度为0.6Pa；
在上述沉积条件下，采用纯度为99.99％的纯钛靶材，沉积厚度为300nm的纯Ti过渡层；
沉积条件不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为1μm底层涂层；其中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子质量百分数，钛为68at.％，铝为8at.％，钽为24at.％；
步骤4，顶层涂层的制备：
底层涂层制备完毕后，关闭N2气，向真空室中通入流量为15sccm的高纯O2气，真空度和负偏压不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为1500nm的顶层涂层；其中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子百分数，钛20at.％，铝30at.％，钽50at.％。
步骤5，随炉降温至120℃后，取出刀具，常温冷却。
制得的钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的结构如图1所示。
实施例8
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层，包括底层涂层和顶层涂层：
底层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为40at.％，铝为5.12at.％，钽为13.8at.％，氮为41.08at.％，厚度为1μm；
顶层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，氧为75.2at.％，钽为24.8at.％，厚度为150nm。
一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，刀具基体的预处理：
对刀具基体进行湿喷砂处理，清洗后，在150℃下烘干5min，放入真空室；其中，湿喷砂处理所用喷砂，成分按质量百分含量为：粒度为600目的氧化铝磨料32％，防锈剂2％，水66％；喷砂压力0.8MPa，喷砂时间10min；刀具基体清洗过程为：先采用商业成品清洗剂对刀具基体进行清洗10min，然后用清水清洗10min；
步骤2，刀具基体辉光溅射清洗：
当真空室的真空度大于等于3×10-3Pa时，升温至350℃，向真空室中通入高纯Ar气，调节真空室的压强为0.5Pa，在加脉冲负偏压500V，占空比80％的条件下，辉光溅射清洗15min；
步骤3，底层涂层的制备：
沉积条件为：向真空室内通入流量为25sccm的N2气，同时调节Ar气流量为50sccm，温度 为400℃，负偏压为180V，真空度为0.6Pa；
在上述沉积条件下，采用纯度为99.99％的纯钛靶材，沉积厚度为300nm的纯Ti过渡层；
沉积条件不变，采用钛铝合金靶材和纯钽靶材共溅射的方法，沉积厚度为1μm底层涂层；其中，钛铝合金靶材成分，按原子质量百分数，钛为80at.％，铝为20at.％；
步骤4，顶层涂层的制备：
底层涂层制备完毕后，关闭N2气，向真空室中通入流量为15sccm的高纯O2气，真空度和负偏压不变，采用纯钽靶材，沉积厚度为150nm的顶层涂层；
步骤5，随炉降温至120℃后，取出刀具，常温冷却。
制得的钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的结构如图1所示。
对比例1
本实施例采用的涂层为单层TiAlTaN涂层，所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为40at.％，铝为5.12at.％，钽为13.8at.％，氮为41.08at.％，厚度为1μm；
单层TiAlTaN涂层的制备方法，步骤包括实施例8的步骤1、步骤2、步骤3和步骤5。
对比例2
国外TiAlSiN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层，包括底层涂层和顶层涂层：
底层涂层为国外某涂层公司生产的TiAlSiN涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为31.02at.％，铝为13.66at.％，硅为2.88at.％，氮为52.44at.％，厚度为1.8μm；
顶层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，氧为75.2at.％，钽为24.8at.％，厚度为150nm。
国外TiAlSiN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，刀具基体的预处理：
对刀具基体进行湿喷砂处理，清洗后，在150℃下烘干15min，放入真空室；其中，湿喷砂处理所用喷砂，成分按质量百分含量为：粒度为600目的氧化铝磨料32％，防锈剂2％，水66％；喷砂压力0.5MPa，喷砂时间20min；刀具基体清洗过程为：先采用商业成品清洗剂对刀具基体进行清洗10min，然后用清水清洗5min；
步骤2，刀具基体辉光溅射清洗：
当真空室的真空度大于等于3×10-3Pa时，升温至500℃后，向真空室中通入高纯Ar气，调节真空室的压强为2Pa，在加脉冲负偏压1000V，占空比20％的条件下，辉光溅射清洗30min；
步骤3，底层涂层的制备：
该步骤委托国外涂层厂商进行涂层，所使用的方法为磁控溅射；该涂层主要含Ti、Al、Si、N四种元素，硬度为3500HV，摩擦系数为0.4，外观颜色为深黄铜色；
步骤4，顶层涂层的制备：
底层涂层制备完毕后，向真空室中通入流量为25sccm的高纯O2气，35sccm的高纯O2气，真空度为0.5Pa，负偏压为180V，采用纯钽靶材，沉积厚度为150nm的顶层涂层；
步骤5，随炉降温至120℃后，取出刀具，常温冷却。
对比例3
国外某涂层公司生产的单层TiAlSiN涂层，所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为31.02at.％，铝为13.66at.％，硅为2.88at.％，氮为52.44at.％，厚度为1.8μm。
国外某涂层公司生产的单层TiAlSiN涂层的制备方法，步骤包括对比例2的步骤1、步骤2、步骤3和步骤5。
本发明中所述的制备复合功能刀具涂层的物理气相沉积方法与化学气相沉积方法的实施过程及前处理均为现有技术，再次不在复述。
钛合金切削实验
1.实验设备及材料
实验采用MAZAK200Y5轴联动卧式车铣加工中心来进行钛合金TC4切削实验，该中心主轴最大转速为10000r/min，额定功率可达22.35kW。
实验所用TC4棒料是一种典型的α+β双相合金，屈服强度为834MPa，硬度36HRC，弹性模量114GPa，密度和热导率分别为4430kg/m3和6.7w/(m·k)。
实验所用到的切削刀具分别为：
涂层刀具a：对比例1中制备的单层TiAlTaN涂层刀具，采用YG8硬质合金作为刀具基体(刀片型号为CNMG120408)，在对刀具基体进行预处理后通过物理气相沉积技术在刀具基体上相继沉积Ti过渡层、TiAlTaN涂层，条件同实施例8步骤3中的TiAlTaN底层的制备方法；
涂层刀具b：实施例8中制备的TiAlTaN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层刀具，采用YG8硬质合金作为刀具基体(刀片型号为CNMG120408)，在对刀具基体进行预处理后通过物理气相沉积技术在刀具基体上相继沉积Ti过渡层、TiAlTaN底层涂层和TaO功能层；
涂层刀具c：对比例3中制备的国外TiAlSiN涂层刀具，采用YG8硬质合金作为刀具基体(刀片型号为CNMG120408)，委托国外知名涂层厂商进行TiAlSiN涂层的制备；
涂层刀具d：对比例2中制备的国外TiAlSiN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层刀具，采用YG8硬质合金作为刀具基体(刀片型号为CNMG120408)，委托国外知名涂层厂商进行TiAlSiN涂层的制备，然后采用物理气相沉积技术在TiAlSiN涂层之上继续沉积一层TaO涂层。
YG8刀具基体表面先涂Ti过渡层的原因：有利于涂层与硬质合金基体的物理化学的过渡 匹配性，更利于涂层的结合力。
2.实验步骤
实验采用湿式车削的方式，切速Vc＝100m/min，切深ap＝0.5mm，每转进给量fa＝0.2mm/r。在切削过程中，切削距离达到一定长度时，采用奥林巴斯光学显微镜对涂层的后刀面的磨损量进行观测。
3.实验结果与讨论
车削钛合金速度为100m/min时，实施例8制备的具有TiAlTaN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层的刀具和对比例1制备的具有单层TiAlTaN涂层的刀具的刀面磨损量与切削长度的关系图如图2所示，以刀具后刀面磨损量达0.3mm时刀具的切削长度作为评价涂层刀具切削性能的标准。从图中可以看出，当后刀面磨损量达到0.3mm时，TiAlTaN涂层刀具的切削长度为110m，而TiAlTaN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层刀具的切削长度可提高到约340m，复合功能刀具涂层的切削性能提高3倍多，涂层刀具的切削性能明显提高。可见，本发明所制备的复合功能刀具涂层有利于降低刀具的磨损量，提高刀具的使用寿命。
图3为实施例8制备的具有TiAlTaN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层的刀具和对比例1制备的具有单层TiAlTaN涂层的刀具的磨损形貌照片，从图中可以看出两种涂层刀具都发生了不同程度的粘结磨损现象。图3(a)为对比例1制备的具有单层TiAlTaN涂层的刀具的磨损形貌照片；如图3(a)中虚线框所示，TiAlTaN涂层刀具刀尖处存在大量的粘结物，EDX能谱分析结果显示其主要成分为Ti、Al、V、W、C、O等，说明这些粘结物主要为切削时刀具材料和钛合金工件发生化学反应，粘结造成的。这些粘结物又叫切削瘤，会随着切削的进行连同部分刀具材料一同剥落，造成刀具的磨损，如图3(a)中虚线所示的区域的放大图中5所指示的位置。
图3(b)为实施例8制备的具有TiAlTaN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层的刀具的磨损形貌照片；TiAlTaN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层刀具切削钛合金之后，刀尖处的粘结物较少，如图3(b)中虚线框所示。EDX能谱分析结果显示该大块粘结物的主要成分为Ti、V、C、O、Al、Fe、W等，说明该粘结物为刀具材料和钛合金工件发生粘结反应之后形成的。造成TiAlTaN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层刀具刀尖处粘结较少的原因可能是由于TaO功能层的加入，降低了涂层与钛合金之间的粘结和反应，使刀尖处不容易粘结工件材料。
实施例8制备的具有iAlTaN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层的刀具和对比例1制备的具有单层TiAlTaN涂层刀具的摩擦磨损实验曲线如图4所示，TiAlTaN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层的摩擦系数较TiAlTaN单层涂层有所降低，这也使刀尖处不容易形成大块粘结物。
经测试上述表面氧化物功能涂层也可以应用于现有的其它刀具涂层之上，如TiAlN、 TiAlSiN、CrAlN等，但不局限于这些刀具涂层。本发明的表面功能涂层具有扩展性，涂覆于其它现有涂层上也能起到降低钛合金切削时刀具的磨损量，提高刀具寿命。
在切速Vc＝100m/min，切深ap＝0.5mm，每转进给量fa＝0.2mm/r等条件相同的情况下，切削547m后，对比例2制备的具有TiAlSiN/TaO复合功能刀具涂层的刀具和对比例3制备的具有TiAlSiN涂层的刀具的后刀面磨损量柱状图如图5所示。从图中可以看出，添加了TaO表面功能层的国外TiAlSiN涂层刀具的磨损量仅为普通国外TiAlSiN涂层刀具磨损量的一半，复合功能刀具涂层刀具的钛合金切削性能提高了约两倍。这意味着表面氧化物功能涂层应用于其它现有刀具涂层也可以取得良好的切削效果，降低涂层刀具的磨损量。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层，其特征在于，包括底层涂层和顶层涂层：
    底层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，钛为10～40at.％，铝为5～20at.％，钽为2～18at.％，氮为40.16～55at.％，厚度为1～4μm；
    顶层涂层：所含元素按原子百分数为，氧为50～78.02at.％，钽为8～35at.％，铝0～10at.％，钛0～10at.％，厚度为50～1500nm。
  2. 权利要求1所述的钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1，刀具基体的预处理：
    对刀具基体进行湿喷砂处理，清洗后，在80～150℃下烘干5～15min，放入真空室；
    步骤2，刀具基体辉光溅射清洗：
    当真空室的真空度大于等于3×10-3Pa时，升温至350～500℃，向真空室中通入高纯Ar气，调节真空室的压强为0.5～2Pa，在加脉冲负偏压500～1000V，占空比20～80％的条件下，辉光溅射清洗15～30min；
    步骤3，底层涂层的制备：
    沉积条件为：向真空室内通入流量为20～50sccm的N2气，同时调节Ar气流量为30～50sccm，温度为400～500℃，负偏压为20～180V，真空度为0.3～0.9Pa；
    在上述沉积条件下，采用纯度为99.99％的纯钛靶材，沉积厚度为150～300nm的纯Ti过渡层；
    沉积条件不变，采用下述方法(1)或方法(2)，制备底层涂层：
    (1)采用钛铝钽合金靶材，沉积厚度为1～4μm底层涂层；
    (2)采用钛铝合金靶材和纯钽靶材共溅射的方法，制备厚度为1～4μm底层涂层；
    步骤4，顶层涂层的制备：
    底层涂层制备完毕后，关闭N2气，向真空室中通入流量为15～50sccm的高纯O2气，真空度和负偏压不变，采用钛铝钽合金靶材或纯钽靶材，沉积厚度为50～1500nm的顶层涂层；
    步骤5，随炉降温至120℃后，取出刀具，常温冷却。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤1中，湿喷砂处理所用喷砂，成分按质量百分含量为：粒度为400～600目的氧化铝磨料20～35％，防锈剂1～15％，水50～79％；喷砂压力0.5～0.8MPa，喷砂时间10～20min；刀具基体清洗过程为：先采用商业成品清洗剂对刀具基体进行清洗至少5min，然后用清水清洗至少5min。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述 的步骤3方法(1)中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子质量百分数，钛为20～70at.％，铝为5～50at.％，钽为5～35at.％；步骤3方法(2)中，钛铝合金靶材成分，按原子质量百分数，钛为20～80at.％，铝为20～80at.％。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的钛合金切削用复合功能刀具涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤4中，钛铝钽合金靶材成分，按原子百分数，钛5～35at.％，铝5～35at.％，钽30～90at.％。
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