WO2017152546A1 - 空调器及其压缩机的停机控制方法和装置 - Google Patents

空调器及其压缩机的停机控制方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017152546A1
WO2017152546A1 PCT/CN2016/087318 CN2016087318W WO2017152546A1 WO 2017152546 A1 WO2017152546 A1 WO 2017152546A1 CN 2016087318 W CN2016087318 W CN 2016087318W WO 2017152546 A1 WO2017152546 A1 WO 2017152546A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compressor
phase
phase bridge
controlling
power switch
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PCT/CN2016/087318
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄招彬
张国柱
朱良红
Original Assignee
广东美的制冷设备有限公司
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Filing date
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Application filed by 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 filed Critical 广东美的制冷设备有限公司
Priority to US15/541,292 priority Critical patent/US10411618B2/en
Priority to EP16871787.4A priority patent/EP3429047A4/en
Priority to CA2977332A priority patent/CA2977332C/en
Priority to BR112017014460-3A priority patent/BR112017014460B1/pt
Publication of WO2017152546A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017152546A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
    • H02P3/22—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor by short-circuit or resistive braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D25/0693—Details or arrangements of the wiring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/24—Arrangements for stopping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of air conditioners, in particular to a shutdown control method for a compressor in an air conditioner, a shutdown control device for a compressor in an air conditioner, and an air conditioner.
  • the compressor can only be controlled by the control method without the speed sensor.
  • this method cannot achieve closed-loop control at low speeds. Therefore, the shutdown process of the inverter air conditioner is generally stopped directly by the compressor or down-clocked to the low-frequency operation, and cannot be directly down-converted to zero speed.
  • the drive signal for controlling the compressor stops outputting, and the current of the compressor immediately becomes zero.
  • the compressor Under the action of the pipeline refrigerant pressure, the compressor is free. Stop.
  • the compressor may oscillate and attenuate, causing vibration of the piping and affecting the stress of the piping.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a shutdown control method for a compressor in an air conditioner, which generates a braking torque by controlling a driving circuit of the compressor to short-circuit the three-phase windings of the compressor, and accelerates compression.
  • the rotor of the machine is braked, so that the compressor can be quickly braked and stationary, which helps to reduce the piping stress in the air conditioner and improve the service life of the piping in the air conditioner.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a shutdown control device for a compressor in an air conditioner. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a shutdown control method for a compressor in an air conditioner, including the following steps: during a shutdown of the air conditioner, when receiving a compressor stop signal, by controlling the a drive circuit of the compressor to short-circuit the three-phase windings of the compressor; controlling a rotor brake of the compressor according to a braking torque generated when the three-phase windings of the compressor are short-circuited, so that The compressor stopped running.
  • a shutdown control method for a compressor in an air conditioner during a shutdown of an air conditioner, when a compressor stop signal is received, short-circuiting a three-phase winding of the compressor by controlling a drive circuit of the compressor And controlling the rotor braking of the compressor according to the braking torque generated when the three-phase winding of the compressor is short-circuited, so that the compressor stops running.
  • the method short-circuits the three-phase windings of the compressor by controlling the driving circuit of the compressor, thereby generating a braking torque to control the rotor braking of the compressor, so that the compressor can be quickly braked and stationary, which helps to reduce the air conditioner.
  • the piping stress increases the service life of the piping in the air conditioner.
  • the drive circuit of the compressor comprises six power switch tubes, the six power switch tubes forming a three-phase bridge arm, wherein a first one of the three-phase bridge arms has a first node, a second one of the three-phase bridge arms has a second node, and a third one of the three-phase bridge arms has a third node, the first node, the second node, and The third node is connected to the three-phase winding of the compressor, and each of the six power switch tubes has a diode in anti-parallel.
  • controlling the drive circuit of the compressor to short-circuit the three-phase windings of the compressor includes: controlling an upper bridge power switch tube of each of the three-phase bridge arms Turning off, and controlling the lower bridge power switch tubes of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned on, so that the first node, the second node, and the third node are shorted together Or controlling the upper bridge power switch tubes of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned on, and controlling the lower bridge power switch tubes of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned off, so as to The first node, the second node, and the third node are shorted together.
  • controlling the drive circuit of the compressor to short-circuit the three-phase windings of the compressor includes: controlling an upper bridge power switch of each of the three-phase bridge arms The tubes are all turned off, and the PWM signal of the first constant duty ratio is used to control the lower bridge power switch tube of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor Or controlling the lower bridge power switch tube of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned off, and controlling the upper bridge of each of the three-phase bridge arms by using a second constant duty ratio PWM signal The power switch tube is simultaneously turned on or off to limit the braking current of the compressor.
  • the first constant duty cycle and the second constant duty cycle are estimated from an initial speed of the compressor and a rotor resistance of the compressor.
  • first constant duty ratio and the second constant duty ratio are estimated by the following formula:
  • D is the first constant duty cycle or the second constant duty cycle
  • Ke is the back EMF coefficient of the compressor
  • V 0 is the initial speed of the compressor
  • R is the compressor
  • the rotor resistance, I H is the phase current limiting threshold of the compressor.
  • controlling the drive circuit of the compressor to short-circuit the three-phase windings of the compressor includes: controlling an upper bridge power switch of each of the three-phase bridge arms The tubes are all turned off, and the PWM signal of the first adjustable duty ratio is used to control the lower bridge power switch tube of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking of the compressor.
  • Current or controlling a lower bridge power switch of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned off, and controlling a phase of each of the three-phase bridge arms by using a second adjustable duty cycle PWM signal
  • the upper bridge power switch is simultaneously turned on or off to limit the braking current of the compressor.
  • the first adjustable duty cycle and the second adjustable duty cycle are gradually increased.
  • the first adjustable duty cycle and the second adjustable duty cycle are incremented Large, or the first adjustable duty cycle and the second adjustable duty cycle increase as the rotational speed of the compressor decreases.
  • a shutdown control device for a compressor in an air conditioner including: a drive circuit, the drive circuit having first to third output terminals, the first to the first a three-output end correspondingly connected to the three-phase winding of the compressor; a control module, the control module short-circuiting the three-phase winding of the compressor by controlling the driving circuit when receiving a compressor stop signal, and The rotor braking of the compressor is controlled according to a braking torque generated when the three-phase winding of the compressor is short-circuited to stop the compressor.
  • the control module controls the drive circuit of the compressor to short the three-phase winding of the compressor when receiving the compressor stop signal, and according to the compressor
  • the braking torque generated when the three-phase winding is shorted controls the rotor braking of the compressor to stop the compressor.
  • the device short-circuits the three-phase winding of the compressor by controlling the driving circuit of the compressor, thereby generating a braking torque to control the rotor braking of the compressor, so that the compressor can be quickly braked and stationary, helping to reduce the air conditioner
  • the piping stress increases the service life of the piping in the air conditioner.
  • the driving circuit comprises six power switching tubes, the six power switching tubes forming a three-phase bridge arm, wherein a first one of the three-phase bridge arms has a first node a second bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm has a second node, a third one of the three-phase bridge arms has a third node, and the first node is a first output end of the driving circuit
  • the second node is a second output end of the driving circuit
  • the third node is a third output end of the driving circuit
  • each of the six power switching tubes is anti-parallel There are diodes.
  • the control module is turned off by controlling an upper bridge power switch tube of each of the three-phase bridge arms, and by controlling each of the three-phase bridge arms
  • the lower bridge power switch tubes are both turned on to short the first node, the second node and the third node together; or the control module controls each phase of the three-phase bridge arms
  • the upper bridge power switch tubes of the bridge arms are all turned on, and the lower bridge power switch tubes of each of the three-phase bridge arms are turned off, so that the first node, the second node, and The third nodes are shorted together.
  • the control module controls the upper bridge power switch of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned off, and controls the first constant duty cycle PWM signal.
  • the lower bridge power switch tube of each of the three-phase bridge arms is simultaneously turned on or off to limit the braking current of the compressor; or the control module controls each of the three-phase bridge arms
  • the lower bridge power switch tubes of the arm are all turned off, and the second constant duty cycle PWM signal is used to control the upper bridge power switch tubes of each of the three phase bridge arms to be turned on or off at the same time to limit the The braking current of the compressor.
  • the first constant duty cycle and the second constant duty cycle are estimated from an initial speed of the compressor and a rotor resistance of the compressor.
  • first constant duty ratio and the second constant duty ratio are estimated by the following formula:
  • D is the first constant duty cycle or the second constant duty cycle
  • Ke is the back EMF coefficient of the compressor
  • V 0 is the initial speed of the compressor
  • R is the compressor rotor resistance
  • the control module controls off the upper bridge power switch of each of the three-phase bridge arms by controlling the PWM signal of the first adjustable duty cycle.
  • the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm is simultaneously turned on or off to limit the braking current of the compressor; or the control module controls each phase of the three-phase bridge arm
  • the lower bridge power switch tube of the bridge arm is turned off, and the PWM signal of the second adjustable duty ratio is used to control the upper bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned on or off at the same time to limit The braking current of the compressor.
  • the first adjustable duty cycle and the second adjustable duty cycle are gradually increased.
  • the first adjustable duty cycle and the second adjustable duty cycle are increased in time intervals, or the first adjustable duty cycle and the second adjustable duty
  • the air ratio increases as the rotational speed of the compressor decreases.
  • the motor in the compressor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor or a permanent magnet brushless DC motor.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also proposes an air conditioner including the above-described shutdown control device for a compressor in an air conditioner.
  • the air conditioner according to the embodiment of the present invention through the above-described shutdown control device of the compressor in the air conditioner, when the compressor stop signal is received during the shutdown of the air conditioner, by controlling the drive circuit of the compressor to make the compressor
  • the three-phase winding is short-circuited to generate braking torque, which accelerates the rotor braking of the compressor, so that the compressor can brake quickly and stand still, which helps to reduce the piping stress in the air conditioner and improve the service life of the piping in the air conditioner. .
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of controlling a shutdown of a compressor in an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a control circuit topology diagram of a compressor in an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a waveform diagram of a compressor drive signal in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4a-4b are waveform diagrams of a compressor drive signal in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 5a-5b are waveform diagrams of a compressor drive signal in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 6a-6b are waveform diagrams of compressor drive signals in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a waveform diagram showing response currents of a compressor brake according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a waveform diagram showing response currents of a compressor brake according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of controlling a shutdown of a compressor in an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the shutdown control method of the compressor in the air conditioner includes the following steps:
  • the driving circuit of the compressor includes six power switching tubes, and the six power switching tubes constitute a three-phase bridge arm, wherein the first one of the three-phase bridge arms has a first node, a second one of the three-phase bridge arms has a second node, and a third one of the three-phase bridge arms has a third node, the first node, the second node, and the third node corresponding to the compressor Three-phase windings are connected.
  • the six power switch tubes may be an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) or a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), and each power switch tube is further Anti-parallel has a diode. It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the driving circuit of the compressor can also directly adopt an IPM (Intelligent Power Module).
  • the control module outputs a compressor drive signal to the drive circuit of the compressor to control the on and off of the six power switch tubes in the drive circuit to control compressor operation.
  • the control module controls the compressor's drive circuit to short the three-phase windings of the compressor, thereby generating a brake torque to control the compressor to quickly brake and stand still.
  • the motor in the compressor may be a permanent magnet synchronous motor or a permanent magnet brushless DC motor. Due to the action of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet synchronous motor or the permanent magnet brushless DC motor, when the three-phase winding is short-circuited, the rotor rotates to generate a back-EMF, and the back-EM potential generates a phase current under the action of the rotor resistance and the inductance (brake current) The phase current produces a reverse braking torque to control the rotor braking of the compressor. Therefore, when the rotor is operated to a certain initial speed, the braking torque can be generated by short-circuiting the three-phase windings to accelerate the braking of the rotor, thereby achieving rapid braking and stationary of the compressor.
  • the compression when the stop signal of the compressor is received, the compression is not directly turned off.
  • the drive signal of the machine is such that the current of the compressor is zero, and the machine is free to stop under the action of the line refrigerant pressure. Instead, the three-phase winding of the compressor is short-circuited to generate the braking current, and the compression is controlled according to the braking current.
  • the braking torque of the machine and the braking of the rotor of the compressor according to the braking torque accelerate the braking of the compressor, thereby quickly reaching a completely static state, effectively reducing the vibration and stress of the piping after the compressor current is stopped, thereby improving The service life of the piping in the air conditioner.
  • the three-phase windings of the compressor are short-circuited by controlling the driving circuit of the compressor, including: controlling the upper bridge power switch tubes of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned off. And controlling the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned on, so that the first node, the second node and the third node are short-circuited together; or controlling each phase bridge of the three-phase bridge arm
  • the upper bridge power switch tubes of the arm are all turned on, and the lower bridge power switch tubes of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arms are controlled to be turned off, so that the first node, the second node and the third node are short-circuited together.
  • control module outputs an automatic closed-loop adjusted SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation) signal (the dead time is ignored in the figure) to control
  • SVPWM Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
  • the control module controls the upper bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned off, and controls the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to guide Pass, that is, the U+/V+/W+ three-way drive signal is set to a low level, and the U-/V-/W- three-way drive signal is set to a high level, so that the three-phase winding of the compressor passes through three lower-bridge power switches.
  • the tube and its anti-parallel diode form a short circuit to generate a braking current, and the braking current generates a braking torque to control the compressor to quickly brake and stand still.
  • the control module controls the upper bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned on, and controls the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm All are turned off, that is, the U+/V+/W+ three-way driving signal is set to a high level, and the U-/V-/W- three-way driving signal is set to a low level, so that the three-phase winding of the compressor passes through three upper bridges.
  • the power switch tube and its anti-parallel diode form a short circuit to generate a braking current, and the brake current generates a braking torque to control the compressor to quickly brake and stand still.
  • the braking current of the compressor may not be detected and controlled, but since the braking current of the compressor is determined by the initial speed of the compressor and the rotor resistance of the compressor, when compressing The initial speed of the machine is very high, and the rotor resistance of the compressor is very small, which may cause the braking current of the compressor to be excessive. Therefore, this embodiment is suitable for the shutdown situation when the compressor is down-converted to a low frequency.
  • the three-phase windings of the compressor are short-circuited by controlling the drive circuit of the compressor, including: controlling the upper bridge power switch tubes of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned off. And using the first constant duty cycle PWM signal to control the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor; or to control the three-phase bridge arm
  • the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm is turned off, and the second constant duty cycle PWM signal is used to control the upper bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three phase bridge arms to be simultaneously turned on or off to limit compression.
  • the brake current of the machine including: controlling the upper bridge power switch tubes of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned off.
  • first constant duty ratio and the second constant duty ratio are based on an initial speed of the compressor and a rotor resistance of the compressor It is estimated that, for example, the first constant duty ratio and the second constant duty ratio can be estimated by the following formula (1):
  • D is the first constant duty cycle or the second constant duty cycle
  • Ke is the back EMF coefficient of the compressor
  • V 0 is the initial speed of the compressor
  • R is the rotor resistance of the compressor
  • I H is the compressor Phase current limiting threshold.
  • the control module outputs an automatic closed-loop regulated SVPWM signal (the dead time is omitted in the figure) to control six power switches in the drive circuit of the compressor.
  • the tube is turned on and off to allow the compressor to operate normally.
  • the control module controls the upper bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned off, and controls the phase bridge of the three-phase bridge arm by using the PWM signal with constant duty ratio.
  • the lower bridge power switch tube of the arm is turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor, that is, the U+/V+/W+ three-way driving signal is set to a low level, and the U-/V-/W- three-way driving signal is For the same duty cycle constant PWM signal, wherein during the simultaneous opening of the three lower bridge power switch tubes, the three-phase winding of the compressor is short-circuited by three lower-bridge power switch tubes and their anti-parallel diodes. A braking current is generated, and the braking current generates a braking torque to control the compressor to brake quickly and to stand still.
  • the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm is turned off, and the PWM signal of the duty cycle constant is used to control each phase bridge of the three-phase bridge arm
  • the upper bridge power switch tube of the arm is turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor, that is, the U-/V-/W- three-way driving signal is set to a low level, and the U+/V+/W+ three-way driving signal is For the same duty cycle constant PWM signal, wherein during the simultaneous opening of the three upper bridge power switch tubes, the three-phase winding of the compressor is short-circuited by three upper bridge power switch tubes and their anti-parallel diodes. A braking current is generated, and the braking current generates a braking torque to control the compressor to brake quickly and to stand still.
  • the PWM duty ratio is estimated based on the initial speed of the compressor and the rotor resistance of the compressor so that the peak value of the three-phase current of the compressor does not exceed the compressor. Phase current limiting threshold.
  • the method includes: controlling an upper bridge power switch of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned off, and The first adjustable duty cycle PWM signal is used to control the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor; or to control each of the three-phase bridge arms
  • the lower bridge power switch tube of the phase bridge arm is turned off, and the second adjustable duty cycle PWM signal is used to control the upper bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned on or off at the same time to limit compression.
  • the brake current of the machine includes: controlling an upper bridge power switch of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned off, and The first adjustable duty cycle PWM signal is used to control the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned on or off at the same time to limit compression.
  • the first adjustable duty cycle and the second adjustable duty cycle are gradually increased to accelerate compressor rotor braking so that the compressor brakes quickly and is stationary.
  • the first adjustable duty ratio and the second adjustable duty ratio may be increased in a time period, that is, the duty ratio is increased with time, or the first adjustable duty ratio and the second adjustable duty ratio
  • the ratio increases as the rotational speed of the compressor decreases, that is, the duty ratio increases as the rotational speed decreases.
  • the control module outputs an automatic closed-loop regulated SVPWM signal (the dead time is omitted in the figure) to control the drive circuit of the compressor.
  • the six power switches are turned on and off to allow the compressor to operate normally.
  • the control module controls the upper bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned off, and uses the duty cycle PWM signal to control each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm
  • the lower bridge power switch tube is turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor, that is, the U+/V+/W+ three-way driving signal is set to a low level, and the U-/V-/W- three-way driving signal is The PWM signal with the same duty cycle change, wherein during the simultaneous opening of the three lower-bridge power switch tubes, the three-phase winding of the compressor is short-circuited by three lower-bridge power switch tubes and their anti-parallel diodes. Dynamic current, braking current generates braking torque to control the compressor to brake quickly and to stand still.
  • the duty cycle of the PWM signal is increased by a period of time, that is, the PWM duty ratio D1 of the first period ⁇ the PWM duty ratio D2 of the second period of time ⁇ PWM duty cycle D3 for the third period, and so on, until the compressor is stationary.
  • the PWM duty ratio D1 of the first period ⁇ the PWM duty ratio D2 of the second period of time ⁇ PWM duty cycle D3 for the third period, and so on, until the compressor is stationary.
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal increases as the rotational speed of the compressor decreases, that is, the PWM duty ratio D1 of the first frequency segment ⁇ the PWM of the second frequency segment
  • the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm is turned off, and the PWM signal of the duty cycle is used to control each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm.
  • the upper bridge power switch tube is turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor, that is, the U-/V-/W- three-way driving signal is set to a low level, and the U+/V+/W+ three-way driving signals are the same.
  • the duty cycle of the PWM signal, the duty cycle of the PWM signal can be increased in a time-division manner, or increase as the rotational speed of the compressor decreases, and details are not described herein.
  • the three-phase windings of the compressor are short-circuited by three upper bridge power switch tubes and their anti-parallel diodes, generating a braking current, and the brake current generates a brake turn.
  • the moment control compressor brakes quickly and is stationary.
  • the braking current of the compressor is determined by the current frequency of the compressor and the rotor resistance of the compressor, when the current frequency of the compressor is high and the rotor resistance of the compressor is small, it may result in The braking current of the compressor is too large. Therefore, in this embodiment, the maximum PWM duty ratio is estimated based on the current frequency of the compressor and the rotor resistance of the compressor so that the peak value of the three-phase current of the compressor does not exceed that of the compressor. Phase current limiting threshold.
  • the PWM duty cycle setting includes a duty cycle setting for each time period or each frequency segment, and the PWM duty ratio of each time period and each frequency segment must not exceed the maximum PWM duty ratio at the corresponding frequency.
  • the peak value of the phase current is 26A.
  • the driving signal is controlled by the driving signal shown in Fig. 4a or 4b
  • the peak value of the phase current is 17A, which can be seen by using the figure shown in Fig. 4a or 4b.
  • the drive signal has a better suppression effect on the braking current of the compressor.
  • a shutdown control method for a compressor in an air conditioner during a shutdown of an air conditioner, when a compressor stop signal is received, short-circuiting a three-phase winding of the compressor by controlling a drive circuit of the compressor And controlling the rotor braking of the compressor according to the braking torque generated when the three-phase winding of the compressor is short-circuited, so that the compressor stops running.
  • the method short-circuits the three-phase windings of the compressor by controlling the driving circuit of the compressor, thereby generating a braking torque to control the rotor braking of the compressor, so that the compressor can be quickly braked and stationary, which helps to reduce the air conditioner.
  • the piping stress increases the service life of the piping in the air conditioner.
  • the shutdown control device of the compressor in the air conditioner includes a drive circuit 10 and a control module 20.
  • the driving circuit 10 has first to third output terminals, and the first to third output terminals are correspondingly connected to the three-phase windings of the compressor.
  • the control module 20 controls the drive circuit 10 to short-circuit the three-phase windings of the compressor when receiving the compressor stop signal, and controls the rotor of the compressor according to the braking torque generated when the three-phase windings of the compressor are short-circuited. Move to stop the compressor.
  • the driving circuit 10 comprises six power switching tubes, and the six power switching tubes constitute a three-phase bridge arm, wherein the first one of the three-phase bridge arms has a first node J1, a three-phase bridge The second bridge arm of the arm has a second node J2, and the third one of the three-phase bridge arms has a third node J3, the first node J1 is the first output end of the driving circuit 10, and the second node J2 is the driving circuit At the second output of 10, the third node J3 is the third output of the drive circuit 10.
  • the six power switch tubes can be IGBTs or MOSFETs, and each power switch tube also has a diode in anti-parallel. It can be understood that in the embodiment of the present invention, the driving circuit of the compressor can also directly adopt the IPM.
  • the control module 20 outputs a compressor drive signal to the drive circuit 10 of the compressor to control the turning on and off of the six power switch tubes in the drive circuit 10, thereby controlling The compressor is running.
  • the control module 20 controls the compressor's drive circuit 10 to short the three-phase windings of the compressor, thereby generating a brake torque control that the compressor brakes quickly and is stationary.
  • the motor in the compressor may be a permanent magnet synchronous motor or a permanent magnet brushless DC motor. Due to the action of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet synchronous motor or the permanent magnet brushless DC motor, when the three-phase winding is short-circuited, the rotor rotates to generate a back-EMF, and the back-EM potential generates a phase current under the action of the rotor resistance and the inductance (brake current) ), the phase current will generate a reverse braking torque to control the rotor braking of the compressor. Therefore, when the rotor runs to a certain initial speed, the braking torque can be generated by shorting the three-phase windings, and the braking of the rotor is accelerated, thereby achieving rapid braking of the compressor and still.
  • the drive signal of the compressor after receiving the stop signal of the compressor, the drive signal of the compressor is not directly turned off, so that the drive current of the compressor is zero, and is free under the action of the pipeline refrigerant pressure and the like. Stopping, but by shorting the three-phase winding of the compressor to generate the braking current, controlling the braking torque of the compressor according to the braking current, and controlling the rotor braking of the compressor according to the braking torque, accelerating the compressor system The movement is quickly reached to a completely static state, which effectively reduces the vibration and stress of the piping after the compressor current is stopped, thereby improving the service life of the piping in the air conditioner.
  • the control module 20 is turned off by controlling the upper bridge power switch tubes of each of the three-phase bridge arms, and by controlling the lower bridge of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arms
  • the power switch tubes are all turned on to short the first node J1, the second node J2 and the third node J3 together; or, the control module 20 controls the upper bridge power switch tube of each of the three-phase bridge arms Both are turned on, and the lower bridge power switch tubes of each phase bridge arm in the three-phase bridge arms are turned off, so that the first node J1, the second node J2 and the third node J3 are short-circuited together.
  • the control module 20 outputs an automatic closed-loop regulated SVPWM signal (the dead time is omitted in the figure) to control six power switching tubes in the drive circuit of the compressor. Turn on and off to allow the compressor to operate normally.
  • the control module 20 controls the upper bridge power switch tubes of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned off, and controls the lower bridge power switch tubes of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arms.
  • the U+/V+/W+ three-way drive signal is set to a low level
  • the U-/V-/W- three-way drive signal is set to a high level
  • the three-phase winding of the compressor passes through three lower-bridge power switches.
  • the tube and its anti-parallel diode form a short circuit to generate a braking current
  • the braking current generates a braking torque to control the compressor to quickly brake and stand still.
  • the control module 20 controls the upper bridge power switch tubes of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned on, and controls the lower bridge power switch of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arms.
  • the tubes are all turned off, that is, the U+/V+/W+ three-way driving signal is set to a high level, the U-/V-/W- three-way driving signal is set to a low level, and the three-phase winding of the compressor passes through three upper bridges.
  • the power switch tube and its anti-parallel diode form a short circuit to generate a braking current, and the brake current generates a braking torque to control the compressor to quickly brake and stand still.
  • the braking current of the compressor may not be detected and controlled, but since the braking current of the compressor is determined by the initial speed of the compressor and the rotor resistance of the compressor, when compressing The initial speed of the machine is very high, and the rotor resistance of the compressor is very small, which may cause the braking current of the compressor to be excessive. Therefore, this embodiment is suitable for the shutdown situation when the compressor is down-converted to a low frequency.
  • the control module 20 controls the three-phase bridge by controlling the upper bridge power switch of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned off, and using the first constant duty cycle PWM signal.
  • the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase leg of the arm is simultaneously turned on or off to limit the braking current of the compressor; or, the control module 20 controls the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm Turning off, and using the second constant duty cycle PWM signal to control the upper bridge power switch of each phase leg of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor.
  • the first constant duty ratio and the second constant duty ratio are estimated according to an initial speed of the compressor and a rotor resistance of the compressor, for example, the first constant occupation
  • the space ratio and the second constant duty ratio can be estimated by the above formula (1).
  • the control module 20 outputs an automatic closed-loop regulated SVPWM signal (the dead time is omitted in the figure) to control the six powers in the drive circuit of the compressor.
  • the switch tube is turned on and off to make the compressor operate normally.
  • the control module 20 controls the upper bridge power switch tubes of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned off, and controls each phase of the three-phase bridge arms by using a PWM signal with a constant duty cycle.
  • the lower bridge power switch tube of the bridge arm is turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor, that is, the U+/V+/W+ three-way drive signal is set to a low level, and the U-/V-/W-three-way drive
  • the signal is the same PWM signal with the same duty cycle, wherein the three-phase winding of the compressor is short-circuited by three lower-bridge power switch tubes and their anti-parallel diodes during the simultaneous opening of the three lower-bridge power switch tubes.
  • the braking current is generated, and the braking current generates a braking torque to control the compressor to brake quickly and to stand still.
  • the control module 20 controls the lower bridge power switch tubes of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned off, and controls the three-phase bridge arms by using a PWM signal with a constant duty cycle.
  • the upper bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge is turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor, that is, the U-/V-/W- three-way drive signal is set to a low level, U+/V+/W+3
  • the road drive signal is the same duty cycle constant PWM signal, wherein during the simultaneous opening of the three upper bridge power switch tubes, the three-phase winding of the compressor is formed by three upper bridge power switch tubes and their anti-parallel diodes. Short circuit, generate braking current, braking current generates braking torque to control the compressor to brake quickly and stand still.
  • the PWM duty ratio can be estimated based on the initial speed of the compressor and the rotor resistance of the compressor so that the peak value of the three-phase current of the compressor does not exceed the compressor. Phase current limiting threshold.
  • the control module 20 controls the three-phase bridge arm by controlling the upper bridge power switch of each of the three-phase bridge arms by using the first adjustable duty cycle PWM signal.
  • the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm is simultaneously turned on or off to limit the braking current of the compressor; or, the control module 20 controls the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be closed.
  • the PWM signal of the second adjustable duty cycle is used to control the upper bridge power switch of each phase leg of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor.
  • the first adjustable duty cycle and the second adjustable duty cycle are gradually increased to accelerate compressor rotor braking so that the compressor brakes quickly and is stationary.
  • the first adjustable duty ratio and the second adjustable duty ratio may be increased in a time period, that is, the duty ratio is increased with time, or the first adjustable duty ratio and the second adjustable duty ratio
  • the ratio increases as the rotational speed of the compressor decreases, that is, the duty ratio increases as the rotational speed decreases.
  • the control module 20 outputs an automatic closed-loop regulated SVPWM signal (the dead time is omitted in the figure) to control the drive circuit of the compressor.
  • the six power switches in the middle are turned on and off to allow the compressor to operate normally.
  • the control module 20 controls the upper bridge power switch tube of each phase bridge arm of the three-phase bridge arm to be turned off, and controls the three-phase bridge by using a PWM signal with a duty cycle change.
  • the lower bridge power switch tube of each phase arm in the arm is turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor, that is, the U+/V+/W+ three-way driving signal is set to a low level, U-/V-/W -
  • the three-way drive signal is the PWM signal of the same duty cycle change, wherein during the simultaneous opening of the three lower-bridge power switch tubes, the three-phase winding of the compressor passes through three lower-bridge power switch tubes and their anti-parallel diodes A short circuit is formed to generate a braking current, and a braking current generates a braking torque to control the compressor to quickly brake and stand still.
  • the duty cycle of the PWM signal is increased by a period of time, that is, the PWM duty ratio D1 of the first period ⁇ the PWM duty ratio D2 of the second period of time ⁇ PWM duty cycle D3 for the third period, and so on, until the compressor is stationary.
  • the PWM duty ratio D1 of the first period ⁇ the PWM duty ratio D2 of the second period of time ⁇ PWM duty cycle D3 for the third period, and so on, until the compressor is stationary.
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal increases as the rotational speed of the compressor decreases, that is, the PWM duty ratio D1 of the first frequency segment ⁇ the PWM of the second frequency segment
  • the control module 20 controls the lower bridge power switch tubes of each of the three-phase bridge arms to be turned off, and controls each phase of the three-phase bridge arms by using a PWM signal with a duty cycle change.
  • the upper bridge power switch tube of the bridge arm is turned on or off at the same time to limit the braking current of the compressor, that is, the U-/V-/W- three-way drive signal is set to a low level, U+/V+/W+ three-way drive
  • the signal is a PWM signal with the same duty cycle change, and the duty ratio of the PWM signal can be increased in a time-division manner or increased as the rotational speed of the compressor decreases, and details are not described herein again.
  • the three-phase windings of the compressor are short-circuited by three upper bridge power switch tubes and their anti-parallel diodes, generating a braking current, and the brake current generates a brake turn.
  • the moment control compressor brakes quickly and is stationary.
  • the braking current of the compressor is determined by the current frequency of the compressor and the rotor resistance of the compressor, when the current frequency of the compressor is high and the rotor resistance of the compressor is small, it may result in The braking current of the compressor is too large. Therefore, in this embodiment, the maximum PWM duty ratio is estimated based on the current frequency of the compressor and the rotor resistance of the compressor so that the peak value of the three-phase current of the compressor does not exceed that of the compressor. Phase current limiting threshold.
  • the PWM duty cycle setting includes a duty cycle setting for each time period or each frequency segment, and the PWM duty ratio of each time period and each frequency segment must not exceed the maximum PWM duty ratio at the corresponding frequency.
  • FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of response currents for controlling the compressor to be braked by the driving signal shown in Figure 3
  • Figure 8 is a control signal for controlling the compressor to be braked by using a driving signal having a PWM duty ratio of 80% as shown in Figure 4a or 4b.
  • Response current waveform diagram As can be seen from Fig. 7 and Fig.
  • the control module controls the drive circuit of the compressor to short the three-phase winding of the compressor when receiving the compressor stop signal, and according to the compressor
  • the braking torque generated when the three-phase winding is shorted controls the rotor braking of the compressor to stop the compressor.
  • the device short-circuits the three-phase winding of the compressor by controlling the driving circuit of the compressor, thereby generating a braking torque to control the rotor braking of the compressor, so that the compressor can be quickly braked and stationary, helping to reduce the air conditioner
  • the piping stress increases the service life of the piping in the air conditioner.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also proposes an air conditioner including the above-described shutdown control device for a compressor in an air conditioner.
  • the air conditioner according to the embodiment of the present invention through the above-described shutdown control device of the compressor in the air conditioner, when the compressor stop signal is received during the shutdown of the air conditioner, by controlling the drive circuit of the compressor to make the compressor
  • the three-phase winding is short-circuited to generate braking torque, which accelerates the rotor braking of the compressor, so that the compressor can brake quickly and stand still, which helps to reduce the piping stress in the air conditioner and improve the service life of the piping in the air conditioner. .
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless specifically and specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like shall be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise. , or integrated; can be mechanical connection, or can be electrical connection; can be directly connected, or can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements.
  • installation can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may be a direct contact of the first and second features, or the first and second features may be indirectly through an intermediate medium, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. contact.
  • the first feature "above”, “above” and “above” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or above the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is less than the second feature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Stopping Of Electric Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种空调器及其压缩机的停机控制方法和装置，该方法包括以下步骤：在空调器的停机过程中，当接收到压缩机停止信号时，通过控制压缩机的驱动电路（10）以使压缩机的三相绕组短接，并根据压缩机的三相绕组短接时产生的制动转矩控制压缩机的转子制动，以使压缩机停止运行。该方法通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接来产生制动转矩，加速压缩机的转子制动，从而使得压缩机能够快速制动并静止，有助于减小空调器中配管应力、提高空调器中配管的使用寿命。

Description

空调器及其压缩机的停机控制方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及空调器技术领域，特别涉及一种空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法、一种空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置以及一种空调器。
背景技术
在变频空调器中，由于无法直接检测压缩机的转子转速，因而只能采用无速度传感器的控制方法对压缩机进行控制。但是，该方法无法在低速时实现闭环控制。因此，变频空调器的停机过程一般采用压缩机直接停机或者降频至低频运行后直接停机，而无法直接降频运行至零速。
例如，在空调器的停机过程中，当接收到压缩机的停止信号后，控制压缩机的驱动信号停止输出，压缩机的电流立即变为零，在管路冷媒压力等作用下，压缩机自由停机。但由于冷媒压力的作用，压缩机可能振荡衰减停机，从而造成配管振动，影响配管的应力。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的一个目的在于提出一种空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，该方法通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接来产生制动转矩，加速压缩机的转子制动，从而使得压缩机能够快速制动并静止，有助于减小空调器中配管应力、提高空调器中配管的使用寿命。
本发明的另一个目的在于提出一种空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置。本发明的又一个目的在于提出一种空调器。
为实现上述目的，本发明一方面实施例提出了一种空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，包括以下步骤：在空调器的停机过程中，当接收到压缩机停止信号时，通过控制所述压缩机的驱动电路以使所述压缩机的三相绕组短接；根据所述压缩机的三相绕组短接时产生的制动转矩控制所述压缩机的转子制动，以使所述压缩机停止运行。
根据本发明实施例的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，在空调器的停机过程中，当接收到压缩机停止信号时，通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接，并根据压缩机的三相绕组短接时产生的制动转矩控制压缩机的转子制动，以使压缩机停止运行。该方法通过控制压缩机的驱动电路使压缩机的三相绕组短接，从而产生制动转矩控制压缩机的转子制动，使得压缩机能够快速制动并静止，有助于减小空调器中配管应力、提高空调器中配管的使用寿命。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述压缩机的驱动电路包括六个功率开关管，所述六个功率开关管构成三相桥臂，其中，所述三相桥臂中的第一桥臂具有第一节点，所述三相桥臂中的第二桥臂具有第二节点，所述三相桥臂中的第三桥臂具有第三节点，所述第一节点、所述第二节点和所述第三节点对应与所述压缩机的三相绕组相连，且所述六个功率开关管中的每个功率开关管反并联有二极管。
根据本发明的一个实施例，通过控制所述压缩机的驱动电路以使所述压缩机的三相绕组短接，包括：控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均导通，以使所述第一节点、所述第二节点和所述第三节点短接在一起；或者控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均导通，并控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，以使所述第一节点、所述第二节点和所述第三节点短接在一起。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，通过控制所述压缩机的驱动电路以使所述压缩机的三相绕组短接，包括：控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第一恒定占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流；或者控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第二恒定占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第一恒定占空比和所述第二恒定占空比根据所述压缩机的初始速度和所述压缩机的转子电阻估算得到。
进一步地，所述第一恒定占空比和所述第二恒定占空比通过以下公式估算得到：
D≤(Ke*V0/R)/IH，
其中，D为所述第一恒定占空比或所述第二恒定占空比，Ke为所述压缩机的反电势系数，V0为所述压缩机的初始速度，R为所述压缩机的转子电阻，IH为所述压缩机的相电流限幅阈值。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，通过控制所述压缩机的驱动电路以使所述压缩机的三相绕组短接，包括：控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第一可调占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流；或者控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第二可调占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第一可调占空比和所述第二可调占空比逐渐增大。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第一可调占空比和所述第二可调占空比分时段进行增 大，或者所述第一可调占空比和所述第二可调占空比随着所述压缩机的转速减小而增大。
为实现上述目的，本发明另一方面实施例提出了一种空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，包括：驱动电路，所述驱动电路具有第一至第三输出端，所述第一至第三输出端与所述压缩机的三相绕组对应相连；控制模块，所述控制模块在接收到压缩机停止信号时通过控制所述驱动电路以使所述压缩机的三相绕组短接，并根据所述压缩机的三相绕组短接时产生的制动转矩控制所述压缩机的转子制动，以使所述压缩机停止运行。
根据本发明实施例的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，控制模块在接收到压缩机停止信号时，通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接，并根据压缩机的三相绕组短接时产生的制动转矩控制压缩机的转子制动，以使压缩机停止运行。该装置通过控制压缩机的驱动电路使压缩机的三相绕组短接，从而产生制动转矩控制压缩机的转子制动，使得压缩机能够快速制动并静止，有助于减小空调器中配管应力、提高空调器中配管的使用寿命。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述驱动电路包括六个功率开关管，所述六个功率开关管构成三相桥臂，其中，所述三相桥臂中的第一桥臂具有第一节点，所述三相桥臂中的第二桥臂具有第二节点，所述三相桥臂中的第三桥臂具有第三节点，所述第一节点为所述驱动电路的第一输出端，所述第二节点为所述驱动电路的第二输出端，所述第三节点为所述驱动电路的第三输出端，且所述六个功率开关管中的每个功率开关管反并联有二极管。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述控制模块通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均导通，以使所述第一节点、所述第二节点和所述第三节点短接在一起；或者，所述控制模块通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均导通，并通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，以使所述第一节点、所述第二节点和所述第三节点短接在一起。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，所述控制模块通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第一恒定占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流；或者，所述控制模块通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第二恒定占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第一恒定占空比和所述第二恒定占空比根据所述压缩机的初始速度和所述压缩机的转子电阻估算得到。
进一步地，所述第一恒定占空比和所述第二恒定占空比通过以下公式估算得到：
D≤(Ke*V0/R)/IH，
其中，D为所述第一恒定占空比或所述第二恒定占空比，Ke为所述压缩机的反电势系数，V0为所述压缩机的初始速度，R为所述压缩机的转子电阻，IH为所述压缩机的相电流限幅阈值。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，所述控制模块通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第一可调占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流；或者，所述控制模块通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第二可调占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第一可调占空比和所述第二可调占空比逐渐增大。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第一可调占空比和所述第二可调占空比分时段进行增大，或者所述第一可调占空比和所述第二可调占空比随着所述压缩机的转速减小而增大。
在本发明的实施例中，所述压缩机中的电机为永磁同步电机或永磁无刷直流电机。
此外，本发明的实施例还提出了一种空调器，其包括上述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置。
本发明实施例的空调器，通过上述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，在空调器的停机过程中，当接收到压缩机停止信号时，通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接来产生制动转矩，加速压缩机的转子制动，从而使得压缩机能够快速制动并静止，有助于减小空调器中配管应力、提高空调器中配管的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明实施例的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法的流程图。
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的空调器中压缩机的控制电路拓扑图。
图3是根据本发明第一个实施例的压缩机驱动信号的波形图。
图4a-4b是根据本发明第二个实施例的压缩机驱动信号的波形图。
图5a-5b是根据本发明第三个实施例的压缩机驱动信号的波形图。
图6a-6b是根据本发明第四个实施例的压缩机驱动信号的波形图。
图7为根据本发明第一个实施例的压缩机制动的响应电流波形图。
图8为根据本发明第二个实施例的压缩机制动的响应电流波形图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同 或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
下面参考附图来描述根据本发明实施例提出的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法、空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置和空调器。
图1是根据本发明实施例的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法的流程图。如图1所示，该空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法包括以下步骤：
S1，在空调器的停机过程中，当接收到压缩机停止信号时，通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接。
根据本发明的一个实施例，如图2所示，压缩机的驱动电路包括六个功率开关管，六个功率开关管构成三相桥臂，其中，三相桥臂中的第一桥臂具有第一节点，三相桥臂中的第二桥臂具有第二节点，三相桥臂中的第三桥臂具有第三节点，第一节点、第二节点和第三节点对应与压缩机的三相绕组相连。其中，六个功率开关管可以为IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，绝缘栅双极型晶体管)或者MOSFET(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor，金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)，并且每个功率开关管还反并联有二极管。可以理解的是，在本发明的实施例中，压缩机的驱动电路也可以直接采用IPM(Intelligent Power Module，智能功率模块)。
如图2所示，在压缩机运行过程中，控制模块输出压缩机驱动信号至压缩机的驱动电路，以控制驱动电路中的六个功率开关管的导通和关断，从而控制压缩机运行。当接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制模块通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接，从而产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。
S2，根据压缩机的三相绕组短接时产生的制动转矩控制压缩机的转子制动，以使压缩机停止运行。
具体地，在本发明的实施例中，压缩机中的电机可以为永磁同步电机或者永磁无刷直流电机。由于永磁同步电机或者永磁无刷直流电机中的永磁体的作用，当三相绕组短接时，转子转动产生反电势，反电势在转子电阻和电感的作用下产生相电流(制动电流)，相电流产生一个反向制动转矩以控制压缩机的转子制动。因此，在转子运行到一定的初始速度时，可以通过短接三相绕组来产生制动转矩，加快转子的制动，从而实现压缩机的快速制动和静止。
也就是说，在本发明的实施例中，当接收到压缩机的停止信号后，不是直接关闭压缩 机的驱动信号，以使压缩机的电流为零，并在管路冷媒压力等作用下自由停机，而是通过短接压缩机的三相绕组以产生制动电流，并根据制动电流控制压缩机的制动扭矩，以及根据制动扭矩控制压缩机的转子制动，加速压缩机的制动，从而快速达到完全静止状态，有效减小了压缩机电流停止后配管的振动和应力，从而提高了空调器中配管的使用寿命。
在本发明的第一个实施例中，通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接，包括：控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均导通，以使第一节点、第二节点和第三节点短接在一起；或者控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均导通，并控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，以使第一节点、第二节点和第三节点短接在一起。
具体而言，如图3所示，在压缩机运行过程中，控制模块输出自动闭环调节的SVPWM(Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation，空间矢量脉冲宽度调制)信号(图中忽略了死区时间)以控制压缩机的驱动电路中的六个功率开关管的导通和关断，以使压缩机正常运行。当接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制模块控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均导通，即U+/V+/W+三路驱动信号置为低电平，U-/V-/W-三路驱动信号置为高电平，使得压缩机的三相绕组通过三个下桥功率开关管及其反并联二极管形成短接，产生制动电流，制动电流产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。或者，当接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制模块控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均导通，并控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，即U+/V+/W+三路驱动信号置为高电平，U-/V-/W-三路驱动信号置为低电平，使得压缩机的三相绕组通过三个上桥功率开关管及其反并联二极管形成短接，产生制动电流，制动电流产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。
值得注意的是，在该实施例中，可以不对压缩机的制动电流进行检测和控制，但由于压缩机的制动电流由压缩机的初始速度和压缩机的转子电阻决定，因此，当压缩机的初始速度很高、压缩机的转子电阻很小时，会导致压缩机的制动电流过大，因而，该实施例适用于压缩机降频运行至低频时的停机情况。
在本发明的第二个实施例中，通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接，包括：控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第一恒定占空比的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流；或者控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第二恒定占空比的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流。
其中，第一恒定占空比和第二恒定占空比根据压缩机的初始速度和压缩机的转子电阻 估算得到，例如，第一恒定占空比和第二恒定占空比可以通过下述公式(1)估算得到：
D≤(Ke*V0/R)/IH    (1)
其中，D为第一恒定占空比或第二恒定占空比，Ke为压缩机的反电势系数，V0为压缩机的初始速度，R为压缩机的转子电阻，IH为压缩机的相电流限幅阈值。
具体而言，如图4a或者4b所示，在压缩机运行过程中，控制模块输出自动闭环调节的SVPWM信号(图中忽略了死区时间)以控制压缩机的驱动电路中的六个功率开关管的导通和关断，以使压缩机正常运行。当接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制模块控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用占空比不变的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流，即U+/V+/W+三路驱动信号置为低电平，U-/V-/W-三路驱动信号为相同的占空比不变的PWM信号，其中，在三个下桥功率开关管同时开通过程中，压缩机的三相绕组通过三个下桥功率开关管及其反并联二极管形成短接，产生制动电流，制动电流产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。或者，在接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用占空比不变的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流，即U-/V-/W-三路驱动信号置为低电平，U+/V+/W+三路驱动信号为相同的占空比不变的PWM信号，其中，在三个上桥功率开关管同时开通过程中，压缩机的三相绕组通过三个上桥功率开关管及其反并联二极管形成短接，产生制动电流，制动电流产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。
值得注意的是，在该实施例中，由于压缩机的制动电流由压缩机的初始速度和压缩机的转子电阻决定，当压缩机的初始速度很高、压缩机的转子电阻很小时，会导致压缩机的制动电流过大，因而，在该实施例中，根据压缩机的初始速度和压缩机的转子电阻估算PWM占空比，以使压缩机的三相电流峰值不超过压缩机的相电流限幅阈值。
在本发明的一些实施例中，通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接，包括：控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第一可调占空比的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流；或者控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第二可调占空比的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流。
如图5a-5b和图6a-6b所示，第一可调占空比和第二可调占空比逐渐增大，以加速压缩机转子制动，使得压缩机快速制动并静止。其中，第一可调占空比和第二可调占空比可以分时段进行增大，即随着时间推移增大占空比，或者第一可调占空比和第二可调占空比随着压缩机的转速减小而增大，即随着转速降低增大占空比。
具体而言，如图5a-5b和图6a-6b所示，在压缩机运行过程中，控制模块输出自动闭环调节的SVPWM信号(图中忽略了死区时间)以控制压缩机的驱动电路中的六个功率开关管的导通和关断，以使压缩机正常运行。当接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制模块控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用占空比变化的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流，即U+/V+/W+三路驱动信号置为低电平，U-/V-/W-三路驱动信号为相同的占空比变化的PWM信号，其中，在三个下桥功率开关管同时开通过程中，压缩机的三相绕组通过三个下桥功率开关管及其反并联二极管形成短接，产生制动电流，制动电流产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。
可选地，如图5a或5b所示，在压缩机制动过程中，PWM信号的占空比分时段进行增大，即第一时段的PWM占空比D1＜第二时段的PWM占空比D2＜第三时段的PWM占空比D3，依次类推，直至压缩机静止。如图6a或6b所示，在压缩机制动过程中，PWM信号的占空比随压缩机的转速减小而增大，即第一频率段的PWM占空比D1＜第二频率段的PWM占空比D2＜第三频率段的PWM占空比D3，依次类推，直至压缩机静止，其中，第一频率段＞第二频率段＞第三频率段。
或者在接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用占空比变化的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流，即U-/V-/W-三路驱动信号置为低电平，U+/V+/W+三路驱动信号为相同的占空比变化的PWM信号，PWM信号的占空比可以分时段进行增大，或者随着压缩机的转速减小而增大，具体这里不再赘述。其中，在三个上桥功率开关管同时开通过程中，压缩机的三相绕组通过三个上桥功率开关管及其反并联二极管形成短接，产生制动电流，制动电流产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。
值得注意的是，该实施例中，由于压缩机的制动电流由压缩机的当前频率和压缩机的转子电阻决定，当压缩机的当前频率很高、压缩机的转子电阻很小时，会导致压缩机的制动电流过大，因而，在该实施例中，根据压缩机的当前频率和压缩机的转子电阻估算最大PWM占空比，以使压缩机的三相电流峰值不超过压缩机的相电流限幅阈值。其中，PWM占空比设置包括每个时段或每个频率段的占空比设置，每个时段和每个频率段的PWM占空比不得超过对应频率下的最大PWM占空比。
根据本发明的具体示例，在三匹变频空调器中，当压缩机中的电机为单转子永磁同步电机时，在空调器停机过程中，当压缩机的运行频率降低至28Hz时，触发压缩机停止信号，控制模块输出相应的驱动信号至压缩机的驱动电路。图7为采用图3所示的驱动信号控制压缩机进行制动的响应电流波形图，图8为采用图4a或4b所示的PWM占空比为80％的驱动信号控制压缩机进行制动的响应电流波形图。从图7和图8可以看出，当采用图3所示 的驱动信号控制压缩机制动时，相电流的峰值为26A，当采用图4a或4b所示的驱动信号控制压缩机制动时，相电流的峰值为17A，可见，采用图4a或4b所示的驱动信号对压缩机的制动电流的抑制效果更优。并且，当采用图3所示的驱动信号控制压缩机制动时需要先将压缩机的频率降至低频，当采用图4a或4b所示的驱动信号控制压缩机制动时，可以在高频时直接停机，此时需要适当调整PWM占空比。
根据本发明实施例的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，在空调器的停机过程中，当接收到压缩机停止信号时，通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接，并根据压缩机的三相绕组短接时产生的制动转矩控制压缩机的转子制动，以使压缩机停止运行。该方法通过控制压缩机的驱动电路使压缩机的三相绕组短接，从而产生制动转矩控制压缩机的转子制动，使得压缩机能够快速制动并静止，有助于减小空调器中配管应力、提高空调器中配管的使用寿命。
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的空调器中压缩机的控制电路拓扑图。如图2所示，空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置包括：驱动电路10和控制模块20。
其中，驱动电路10具有第一至第三输出端，第一至第三输出端与压缩机的三相绕组对应相连。控制模块20在接收到压缩机停止信号时通过控制驱动电路10以使压缩机的三相绕组短接，并根据压缩机的三相绕组短接时产生的制动转矩控制压缩机的转子制动，以使压缩机停止运行。
根据本发明的一个实施例，驱动电路10包括六个功率开关管，六个功率开关管构成三相桥臂，其中，三相桥臂中的第一桥臂具有第一节点J1，三相桥臂中的第二桥臂具有第二节点J2，三相桥臂中的第三桥臂具有第三节点J3，第一节点J1为驱动电路10的第一输出端，第二节点J2为驱动电路10的第二输出端，第三节点J3为驱动电路10的第三输出端。其中，六个功率开关管可以为IGBT或者MOSFET，并且每个功率开关管还反并联有二极管。可以理解的是，在本发明的实施例中，压缩机的驱动电路也可以直接采用IPM。
如图2所示，在压缩机运行过程中，控制模块20输出压缩机驱动信号至压缩机的驱动电路10，以控制驱动电路10中的六个功率开关管的导通和关断，从而控制压缩机运行。当接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制模块20通过控制压缩机的驱动电路10以使压缩机的三相绕组短接，从而产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。
在本发明的实施例中，压缩机中的电机可以为永磁同步电机或者永磁无刷直流电机。由于永磁同步电机或者永磁无刷直流电机中的永磁体的作用，当三相绕组短接时，转子转动产生反电势，反电势在转子电阻和电感的作用下产生相电流(制动电流)，相电流将产生一个反向制动转矩以控制压缩机的转子制动。因此，在转子运行到一定的初始速度时，可以通过短接三相绕组来产生制动转矩，加快转子的制动，从而实现压缩机的快速制动和 静止。
也就是说，在本发明的实施例中，当接收到压缩机的停止信号后，不是直接关闭压缩机的驱动信号，使得压缩机的驱动电流为零，并在管路冷媒压力等作用下自由停机，而是通过短接压缩机的三相绕组以产生制动电流，并根据制动电流控制压缩机的制动扭矩，以及根据制动扭矩控制压缩机的转子制动，加速压缩机的制动，从而快速达到完全静止状态，有效减小了压缩机电流停止后配管的振动和应力，从而提高了空调器中配管的使用寿命。
在本发明的第一个实施例中，控制模块20通过控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并通过控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均导通，以使第一节点J1、第二节点J2和第三节点J3短接在一起；或者，控制模块20通过控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均导通，并通过控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，以使第一节点J1、第二节点J2和第三节点J3短接在一起。
具体而言，如图3所示，在压缩机运行过程中，控制模块20输出自动闭环调节的SVPWM信号(图中忽略了死区时间)以控制压缩机的驱动电路中的六个功率开关管的导通和关断，以使压缩机正常运行。当接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制模块20控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均导通，即U+/V+/W+三路驱动信号置为低电平，U-/V-/W-三路驱动信号置为高电平，压缩机的三相绕组通过三个下桥功率开关管及其反并联二极管形成短接，产生制动电流，制动电流产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。或者，当接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制模块20控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均导通，并控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，即U+/V+/W+三路驱动信号置为高电平，U-/V-/W-三路驱动信号置为低电平，压缩机的三相绕组通过三个上桥功率开关管及其反并联二极管形成短接，产生制动电流，制动电流产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。
值得注意的是，在该实施例中，可以不对压缩机的制动电流进行检测和控制，但由于压缩机的制动电流由压缩机的初始速度和压缩机的转子电阻决定，因此，当压缩机的初始速度很高、压缩机的转子电阻很小时，会导致压缩机的制动电流过大，因而，该实施例适用于压缩机降频运行至低频时的停机情况。
在本发明的第二个实施例中，控制模块20通过控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第一恒定占空比的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流；或者，控制模块20通过控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第二恒定占空比的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流。其中，第一恒定占空比和第二恒定占空比根据压缩机的初始速度和压缩机的转子电阻估算得到，例如，第一恒定占 空比和第二恒定占空比可以通过上述公式(1)估算得到。
具体而言，如图4a或者4b所示，在压缩机运行过程中，控制模块20输出自动闭环调节的SVPWM信号(图中忽略了死区时间)以控制压缩机的驱动电路中的六个功率开关管的导通和关断，以使压缩机正常运行。当接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制模块20控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用占空比不变的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流，即U+/V+/W+三路驱动信号置为低电平，U-/V-/W-三路驱动信号为相同的占空比不变的PWM信号，其中，在三个下桥功率开关管同时开通过程中，压缩机的三相绕组通过三个下桥功率开关管及其反并联二极管形成短接，产生制动电流，制动电流产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。或者，在接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制模块20控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用占空比不变的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流，即U-/V-/W-三路驱动信号置为低电平，U+/V+/W+三路驱动信号为相同的占空比不变的PWM信号，其中，在三个上桥功率开关管同时开通过程中，压缩机的三相绕组通过三个上桥功率开关管及其反并联二极管形成短接，产生制动电流，制动电流产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。
值得注意的是，在该实施例中，由于压缩机的制动电流由压缩机的初始速度和压缩机的转子电阻决定，当压缩机的初始速度很高、压缩机的转子电阻很小时，会导致压缩机的制动电流过大，因而，在该实施例中，可以根据压缩机的初始速度和压缩机的转子电阻估算PWM占空比，以使压缩机的三相电流峰值不超过压缩机的相电流限幅阈值。
在本发明的一些实施例中，控制模块20通过控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第一可调占空比的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流；或者，控制模块20通过控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第二可调占空比的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流。
如图5a-5b和图6a-6b所示，第一可调占空比和第二可调占空比逐渐增大，以加速压缩机转子制动，使得压缩机快速制动并静止。其中，第一可调占空比和第二可调占空比可以分时段进行增大，即随着时间推移增大占空比，或者第一可调占空比和第二可调占空比随着压缩机的转速减小而增大，即随着转速降低增大占空比。
具体而言，如图5a-5b和图6a-6b所示，在压缩机运行过程中，控制模块20输出自动闭环调节的SVPWM信号(图中忽略了死区时间)以控制压缩机的驱动电路中的六个功率开关管的导通和关断，以使压缩机正常运行。当接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制模块20控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用占空比变化的PWM信号控制三相桥 臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流，即U+/V+/W+三路驱动信号置为低电平，U-/V-/W-三路驱动信号为相同的占空比变化的PWM信号，其中，在三个下桥功率开关管同时开通过程中，压缩机的三相绕组通过三个下桥功率开关管及其反并联二极管形成短接，产生制动电流，制动电流产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。
可选地，如图5a或5b所示，在压缩机制动过程中，PWM信号的占空比分时段进行增大，即第一时段的PWM占空比D1＜第二时段的PWM占空比D2＜第三时段的PWM占空比D3，依次类推，直至压缩机静止。如图6a或6b所示，在压缩机制动过程中，PWM信号的占空比随压缩机的转速减小而增大，即第一频率段的PWM占空比D1＜第二频率段的PWM占空比D2＜第三频率段的PWM占空比D3，依次类推，直至压缩机静止，其中，第一频率段＞第二频率段＞第三频率段。
或者在接收到压缩机停止信号时，控制模块20控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用占空比变化的PWM信号控制三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制压缩机的制动电流，即U-/V-/W-三路驱动信号置为低电平，U+/V+/W+三路驱动信号为相同的占空比变化的PWM信号，PWM信号的占空比可以分时段进行增大，或者随着压缩机的转速减小而增大，具体这里不再赘述。其中，在三个上桥功率开关管同时开通过程中，压缩机的三相绕组通过三个上桥功率开关管及其反并联二极管形成短接，产生制动电流，制动电流产生制动转矩控制压缩机快速制动并静止。
值得注意的是，该实施例中，由于压缩机的制动电流由压缩机的当前频率和压缩机的转子电阻决定，当压缩机的当前频率很高、压缩机的转子电阻很小时，会导致压缩机的制动电流过大，因而，在该实施例中，根据压缩机的当前频率和压缩机的转子电阻估算最大PWM占空比，以使压缩机的三相电流峰值不超过压缩机的相电流限幅阈值。其中，PWM占空比设置包括每个时段或每个频率段的占空比设置，每个时段和每个频率段的PWM占空比不得超过对应频率下的最大PWM占空比。
根据本发明的具体示例，在三匹变频空调器中，当压缩机中的电机为单转子永磁同步电机时，在空调器停机过程中，当压缩机的运行频率降低至28Hz时，触发压缩机停止信号，控制模块20输出相应的驱动信号至压缩机的驱动电路10。图7为采用图3所示的驱动信号控制压缩机进行制动的响应电流波形图，图8为采用图4a或4b所示的PWM占空比为80％的驱动信号控制压缩机进行制动的响应电流波形图。从图7和图8可以看出，当采用图3所示的驱动信号控制压缩机制动时，相电流的峰值为26A，当采用图4a或4b所示的驱动信号控制压缩机制动时，相电流的峰值为17A，可见，采用图4a或4b所示的驱动信号对压缩机的制动电流的抑制效果更优。并且，当采用图3所示的驱动信号控制压缩机制动时 需要先将压缩机的频率降至低频，当采用图4a或4b所示的驱动信号控制压缩机制动时，可以在高频时直接停机，此时需要适当调整PWM占空比。
根据本发明实施例的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，控制模块在接收到压缩机停止信号时，通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接，并根据压缩机的三相绕组短接时产生的制动转矩控制压缩机的转子制动，以使压缩机停止运行。该装置通过控制压缩机的驱动电路使压缩机的三相绕组短接，从而产生制动转矩控制压缩机的转子制动，使得压缩机能够快速制动并静止，有助于减小空调器中配管应力、提高空调器中配管的使用寿命。
此外，本发明的实施例还提出了一种空调器，其包括上述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置。
本发明实施例的空调器，通过上述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，在空调器的停机过程中，当接收到压缩机停止信号时，通过控制压缩机的驱动电路以使压缩机的三相绕组短接来产生制动转矩，加速压缩机的转子制动，从而使得压缩机能够快速制动并静止，有助于减小空调器中配管应力、提高空调器中配管的使用寿命。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述 不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    在空调器的停机过程中，当接收到压缩机停止信号时，通过控制所述压缩机的驱动电路以使所述压缩机的三相绕组短接；
    根据所述压缩机的三相绕组短接时产生的制动转矩控制所述压缩机的转子制动，以使所述压缩机停止运行。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，其特征在于，所述压缩机的驱动电路包括六个功率开关管，所述六个功率开关管构成三相桥臂，其中，所述三相桥臂中的第一桥臂具有第一节点，所述三相桥臂中的第二桥臂具有第二节点，所述三相桥臂中的第三桥臂具有第三节点，所述第一节点、所述第二节点和所述第三节点对应与所述压缩机的三相绕组相连，且所述六个功率开关管中的每个功率开关管反并联有二极管。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，其特征在于，通过控制所述压缩机的驱动电路以使所述压缩机的三相绕组短接，包括：
    控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均导通，以使所述第一节点、所述第二节点和所述第三节点短接在一起；或者
    控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均导通，并控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，以使所述第一节点、所述第二节点和所述第三节点短接在一起。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，其特征在于，通过控制所述压缩机的驱动电路以使所述压缩机的三相绕组短接，包括：
    控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第一恒定占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流；或者
    控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第二恒定占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，其特征在于，所述第一恒定占空比和所述第二恒定占空比根据所述压缩机的初始速度和所述压缩机的转子电阻估算得到。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，其特征在于，所述第一恒定 占空比和所述恒定第二占空比通过以下公式估算得到：
    D≤(Ke*V0/R)/IH，
    其中，D为所述第一恒定占空比或所述第二恒定占空比，Ke为所述压缩机的反电势系数，V0为所述压缩机的初始速度，R为所述压缩机的转子电阻，IH为所述压缩机的相电流限幅阈值。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，其特征在于，通过控制所述压缩机的驱动电路以使所述压缩机的三相绕组短接，包括：
    控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第一可调占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流；或者
    控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第二可调占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，其特征在于，所述第一可调占空比和所述第二可调占空比逐渐增大。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制方法，其特征在于，所述第一可调占空比和所述第二可调占空比分时段进行增大，或者所述第一可调占空比和所述第二可调占空比随着所述压缩机的转速减小而增大。
  10. 一种空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，其特征在于，包括：
    驱动电路，所述驱动电路具有第一至第三输出端，所述第一至第三输出端与所述压缩机的三相绕组对应相连；
    控制模块，所述控制模块在接收到压缩机停止信号时通过控制所述驱动电路以使所述压缩机的三相绕组短接，并根据所述压缩机的三相绕组短接时产生的制动转矩控制所述压缩机的转子制动，以使所述压缩机停止运行。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，其特征在于，所述驱动电路包括六个功率开关管，所述六个功率开关管构成三相桥臂，其中，所述三相桥臂中的第一桥臂具有第一节点，所述三相桥臂中的第二桥臂具有第二节点，所述三相桥臂中的第三桥臂具有第三节点，所述第一节点为所述驱动电路的第一输出端，所述第二节点为所述驱动电路的第二输出端，所述第三节点为所述驱动电路的第三输出端，且所述六个功率开关管中的每个功率开关管反并联有二极管。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，其特征在于，所述控制模块通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并通过控制所述三相桥臂 中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均导通，以使所述第一节点、所述第二节点和所述第三节点短接在一起；或者，所述控制模块通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均导通，并通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，以使所述第一节点、所述第二节点和所述第三节点短接在一起。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，其特征在于，所述控制模块通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第一恒定占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流；或者，所述控制模块通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第二恒定占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，其特征在于，所述第一恒定占空比和所述第二恒定占空比根据所述压缩机的初始速度和所述压缩机的转子电阻估算得到。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，其特征在于，所述第一恒定占空比和所述第二恒定占空比通过以下公式估算得到：
    D≤(Ke*V0/R)/IH，
    其中，D为所述第一恒定占空比或所述第二恒定占空比，Ke为所述压缩机的反电势系数，V0为所述压缩机的初始速度，R为所述压缩机的转子电阻，IH为所述压缩机的相电流限幅阈值。
  16. 如权利要求11所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，其特征在于，所述控制模块通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第一可调占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流；或者，所述控制模块通过控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的下桥功率开关管均关断，并采用第二可调占空比的PWM信号控制所述三相桥臂中每相桥臂的上桥功率开关管同时导通或关断以限制所述压缩机的制动电流。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，其特征在于，所述第一可调占空比和所述第二可调占空比逐渐增大。
  18. 如权利要求16所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，其特征在于，所述第一可调占空比和所述第二可调占空比分时段进行增大，或者所述第一可调占空比和所述第二可调占空比随着所述压缩机的转速减小而增大。
  19. 如权利要求10-18中任一项所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置，其特征在于，所述压缩机中的电机为永磁同步电机或永磁无刷直流电机。
  20. 一种空调器，其特征在于，包括如权利要求10-19中任一项所述的空调器中压缩机的停机控制装置。
PCT/CN2016/087318 2016-03-09 2016-06-27 空调器及其压缩机的停机控制方法和装置 WO2017152546A1 (zh)

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