WO2017150351A1 - 酸化物半導体化合物、酸化物半導体化合物の層を備える半導体素子、および積層体 - Google Patents
酸化物半導体化合物、酸化物半導体化合物の層を備える半導体素子、および積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017150351A1 WO2017150351A1 PCT/JP2017/006939 JP2017006939W WO2017150351A1 WO 2017150351 A1 WO2017150351 A1 WO 2017150351A1 JP 2017006939 W JP2017006939 W JP 2017006939W WO 2017150351 A1 WO2017150351 A1 WO 2017150351A1
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- oxide semiconductor
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- semiconductor compound
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/7869—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate
- H01L29/78693—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate the semiconducting oxide being amorphous
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/121—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays characterised by the geometry or disposition of pixel elements
- H10K59/1213—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays characterised by the geometry or disposition of pixel elements the pixel elements being TFTs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oxide semiconductor compound, a semiconductor element including a layer of an oxide semiconductor compound, and a stacked body.
- silicon has been widely used as a semiconductor material in semiconductor elements such as TFTs (thin film transistors).
- oxide semiconductors containing metal cations include compounds having a relatively wide optical band gap and relatively high mobility. Attempts have been made to apply.
- oxide semiconductors such as ZnO and In—Ga—Zn—O are transparent and have characteristics comparable to amorphous silicon and low-temperature polysilicon, and their application to next-generation TFTs is attracting attention (for example, Patent Document 1).
- an oxide semiconductor compound is expected to be applied to a semiconductor element as a material replacing silicon.
- oxide semiconductors When these oxide semiconductors are used as a driving element for a liquid crystal panel, there is a possibility of receiving external light including visible light and ultraviolet light from a backlight. Moreover, when using as a drive element of an OLED (organic light emitting diode) panel, there exists a possibility of receiving irradiation of the emitted light. Under such circumstances, it is known that an oxide semiconductor such as In—Ga—Zn—O has an increased leakage current and causes problems such as a decrease in contrast of a liquid crystal panel or an OLED panel. For this reason, such an oxide semiconductor needs to be used in a semiconductor element so as to be shielded from light by a light shielding layer (for example, Patent Document 2).
- a light shielding layer for example, Patent Document 2
- an oxide containing gallium and oxygen having an optical band gap of 3.4 eV or more, and a hole mobility of electrons obtained by Hall measurement at 300 K of 3 cm 2 / Vs or more A semiconductor compound is provided.
- N N 0 exp ( ⁇ Ea / kT) Equation (1)
- N 0 may be 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- T the measurement temperature (K)
- k the Boltzmann constant (eVK ⁇ 1 )
- Ea the activation energy (eV).
- a semiconductor element including a layer of an oxide semiconductor compound is either a TFT (Thin Film Transistor), a solar cell, or an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode).
- TFT Thin Film Transistor
- solar cell a solar cell
- OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
- a semiconductor element is provided in which the layer is composed of an oxide semiconductor compound having the above-described characteristics.
- a semiconductor element including a layer of an oxide semiconductor compound
- the semiconductor element is a TFT (Thin Film Transistor)
- the layer includes gallium and oxygen, and has an optical band gap of 3.4 eV or more, and a field effect mobility of 5 cm 2 / Vs or more.
- a laminate A substrate, A layer of an oxide semiconductor compound placed on top of the substrate; Have The layer is formed of an oxide semiconductor compound having the characteristics as described above.
- the present invention it is possible to provide an oxide semiconductor compound that can significantly suppress the occurrence of leakage current due to light irradiation as described above.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of carrier density obtained by Hall measurement in the first film in Example 1.
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which showed the structure of the 1st TFT element roughly. It is the figure which showed the emission spectrum of the white LED light source used for the characteristic evaluation of the 1st TFT element. It is the figure which showed the emission spectrum of the fluorescent lamp used for the characteristic evaluation of the 1st TFT element. It is the figure which showed the characteristic evaluation result under irradiation by the white LED light source obtained in the 1st TFT element. It is the figure which showed the characteristic evaluation result under irradiation by the fluorescent lamp obtained in the 1st TFT element. It is the chart which showed the X-ray-diffraction measurement result obtained in the 2nd glass substrate sample.
- 6 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of mobility obtained by Hall measurement in the second film in Example 2.
- 10 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of carrier density obtained by Hall measurement in the second film in Example 2. It is the figure which showed the characteristic evaluation result under irradiation by the white LED light source obtained in the 2nd TFT element. It is the figure which showed the characteristic evaluation result under irradiation by the fluorescent lamp obtained in the 3rd TFT element. It is the figure which showed the characteristic evaluation result under irradiation by the fluorescent lamp obtained in the 3rd TFT element. It is the figure which showed the characteristic evaluation result under irradiation by the white LED light source obtained in the 4th TFT element. It is the figure which showed the characteristic evaluation result under irradiation by the fluorescent lamp obtained in the 4th TFT element.
- first compound An oxide semiconductor compound (hereinafter referred to as “first compound”) is provided.
- the optical band gap of the material means a value at room temperature, and can be grasped from the following equation (2): ( ⁇ h ⁇ ) 1/2 ⁇ (h ⁇ -E g ) (2) Formula
- ⁇ is an absorption coefficient
- h is a Planck constant
- ⁇ is a light frequency
- E g is an optical band gap.
- the hole mobility and electron density N of the electrons can be obtained by Hall measurement.
- N N 0 ⁇ exp ( ⁇ E a / kT) (1)
- k is a Boltzmann constant (eVK ⁇ 1 )
- T is a temperature (K)
- N 0 is a constant
- E a is an activation energy (eV).
- the optical band gap of the first compound is 3.4 eV or more. If the optical band gap is 3.4 eV or more, the optical band gap is larger than the visible light energy with respect to irradiation with visible light, and thus an increase in leakage current can be suppressed.
- the optical band gap is preferably 3.6 eV or more, and more preferably 3.7 eV or more. When the optical band gap is 3.6 eV or more, an increase in leakage current can be suppressed not only for visible light but also for ultraviolet light irradiation.
- the hole mobility of electrons is 3 cm 2 / Vs or more. If the electron hole mobility is 3 cm 2 / Vs or more, the defect level of the material is small. Accordingly, in this case, carrier generation due to defect levels during light irradiation can be suppressed, and as a result, an increase in leakage current can be suppressed. In addition, there is little voltage loss when a semiconductor element is formed. Hall mobility, more preferably at least 5 cm 2 / Vs, more preferably at least 5.5cm 2 / Vs, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 6 cm 2 / Vs.
- N 0 in the formula (1) is preferably 10 16 or more.
- N 0 is 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more
- when an oxide semiconductor is used as a driving element such as a liquid crystal panel when a negative voltage is applied in a visible light irradiation environment, the threshold voltage decreases in the negative direction. The shift can be suppressed and the off operation can be performed.
- N 0 is preferably 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or more, and more preferably 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or more. If it is 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or more, the shift of the threshold voltage in the negative direction can be suppressed when a negative voltage is applied in an ultraviolet light irradiation environment as well as visible light.
- the activation energy Ea is preferably 0.04 eV or more.
- N 0 is 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more
- the activation energy E a is 0.04 eV or more, so that when a negative voltage is applied in a visible light irradiation environment, the threshold voltage decreases in the negative direction. Shift can be suppressed.
- the activation energy E a is preferably at least 0.10 eV, and even more preferably 0.15 eV. If the activation energy E a is 0.15eV above, when obtained by applying a negative voltage become not under ultraviolet irradiation environment only visible light, can be suppressed shifts in the negative direction of the threshold voltage.
- the film density is preferably 5.0 g / cm ⁇ 3 to 5.4 g / cm ⁇ 3 .
- the film density is 5.0 g / cm ⁇ 3 or more, the film becomes dense and high hole mobility can be obtained.
- it is 5.1 g / cm ⁇ 3 or more, more preferably 5.2 g / cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the absorption coefficient of incident light energy of 3.5 eV is preferably 10000 cm ⁇ 1 or less.
- the absorption coefficient of the incident light energy 3.5eV is more preferably 5000 cm -1 or less, more preferably 1000 cm -1 or less.
- composition of oxide semiconductor compound according to one embodiment of the present invention (Composition of oxide semiconductor compound according to one embodiment of the present invention) Next, an example of the composition of the first compound will be described.
- the first compound may contain other metal cations in addition to gallium.
- Such a metal cation may be, for example, at least one of zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), and silicon (Si). Among these metal cations, zinc is particularly preferable.
- the atomic ratio of gallium atoms to all metal cations is preferably 35% or more. If it is 35% or more, an increase in leakage current can be suppressed with respect to visible light irradiation. Further, the fluctuation of the threshold voltage is suppressed.
- the atomic ratio of gallium atoms to all metal cations is more preferably 50% or more, further preferably 60% or more, and particularly preferably 70% or more. If it is 70% or more, an increase in leakage current can be suppressed and a shift of the threshold voltage in the negative direction can be suppressed when a negative voltage is applied in an ultraviolet light irradiation environment as well as visible light.
- the atomic ratio of gallium atoms to all metal cations is preferably 95% or less. If it is 95% or less, the threshold voltage before light irradiation is low, and an increase in leakage current can be suppressed when a negative voltage is applied in an ultraviolet light irradiation environment as well as visible light. In addition, the shift of the threshold voltage in the negative direction can be suppressed.
- the first compound is substantially composed of an oxide of gallium and zinc because an increase in threshold voltage is suppressed.
- the atomic ratio of gallium atoms to all metal cations is preferably in the range of 35% to 95%. If it is 35% or more, the threshold voltage before light irradiation is low, and an increase in leakage current and fluctuations in threshold voltage are suppressed with respect to visible light irradiation. If it is 95% or less, an increase in threshold voltage can be suppressed, high field-effect mobility can be maintained, and an increase in leakage current and a variation in threshold voltage can be suppressed with respect to visible light irradiation.
- the atomic ratio of gallium atoms to Ga + Zn may be 50% or more, or 70% or more. Further, it may be 90% or less, or 85% or less.
- the first compound may include inevitable materials (metals, semiconductors, and / or compounds) not shown in the above description. Most of such inevitable materials are believed to be incorporated during the manufacturing process of the first compound.
- the phrase “consisting essentially of an oxide of gallium and zinc” means that inevitable materials other than the oxide of gallium and zinc may be included.
- the first compound may be dominant in an amorphous state or an amorphous state.
- amorphous means a substance that does not give a sharp peak in X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the crystallite diameter (Scherrer diameter) obtained by the Scherrer equation represented by the following equation (3) is 6.0 nm or less.
- the Scherrer diameter L is K
- the Scherrer constant is ⁇
- the X-ray wavelength is ⁇
- the half width is ⁇
- the Scherrer constant K is 0.9.
- amorphous state is dominant means a state where amorphous is present in a volume ratio of more than 50%.
- the first compound is predominantly in an amorphous or amorphous state, the effect of grain boundary defect levels is small, and variations in electrical characteristics are reduced.
- the first compound may be in the form of microcrystals or a mixture of amorphous and microcrystals.
- the microcrystal is a crystal having a Scherrer diameter larger than 6.0 nm and smaller than 100 nm. If the first compound is a microcrystal, the conductivity is improved, which is preferable. A form in which the first compound is a mixture of amorphous and microcrystals is preferable because both smoothness and conductivity are improved.
- the first compound having the above-described characteristics can be applied to various semiconductor elements such as a thin film transistor (TFT), a solar cell, and an organic light emitting diode (OLED).
- TFT thin film transistor
- OLED organic light emitting diode
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross section of a thin film transistor (hereinafter referred to as “first element”) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the first element 100 includes a barrier film 120, an oxide semiconductor layer 130, a gate insulating film 140, an interlayer insulating film 150, and a first electrode (source or drain) 160 over a substrate 110.
- a barrier film 120 an oxide semiconductor layer 130
- a gate insulating film 140 an interlayer insulating film 150
- a first electrode (source or drain) 160 over a substrate 110.
- Each layer of the second electrode (drain or source) 162, the gate electrode 170, and the passivation film 180 is arranged.
- the substrate 110 is an insulating substrate such as a glass substrate, a ceramic substrate, a plastic substrate, or a resin substrate.
- the substrate 110 may be a transparent substrate.
- the barrier film 120 is disposed between the substrate 110 and the oxide semiconductor layer 130 and has a role of forming a back channel interface between the substrate 110 and the oxide semiconductor layer 130.
- the barrier film 120 is made of, for example, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, and alumina. Note that the barrier film 120 is not an essential component, and may be omitted if unnecessary.
- the gate insulating film 140 is made of an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, and alumina. The same applies to the interlayer insulating film 150.
- the first and second electrodes 160 and 162 and the gate electrode 170 are made of metal such as aluminum, copper and silver, or other conductive materials.
- the passivation film 180 has a role of protecting the element, and is made of, for example, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, and alumina.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is formed of the first compound having the above-described characteristics.
- a compound such as In—Ga—Zn—O has been used as an oxide semiconductor layer.
- this compound increases the leakage current under light irradiation as described above.
- this compound may cause not only an increase in leakage current but also a shift of the threshold voltage in the negative direction under an environment where light is applied with a negative voltage, which may make it impossible to perform an off operation.
- the light shielding layer is a pattern layer made of metal or resin, and means a layer that is not electrically connected to the electrode of the semiconductor element and blocks incident light.
- the first compound having the above-described characteristics is applied as the oxide semiconductor layer 130.
- the variation in characteristics can be significantly suppressed.
- the first element 100 it is not necessary to add a conventional light shielding layer, and the structure of the element and the manufacturing process can be simplified. Thereby, in the first element 100, the degree of freedom of configuration can be significantly increased.
- the intensity of incident light is 100
- the incident light is emitted from the substrate 110 and the oxide semiconductor.
- the intensity of reflected light that is transmitted through the layer 130 and the gate insulating film 140, reflected by the gate electrode 170, and transmitted through the gate insulating film 140, the oxide semiconductor layer 130, and the substrate 110 is preferably 60 or more.
- the intensity of the reflected light is more preferably 65 or more, and further preferably 70 or more.
- I d is the drain current
- ⁇ is the field effect mobility
- C ox is the capacitance per unit area formed by the gate electrode 170 and the oxide semiconductor layer 130
- V gs is the gate electrode 170 and the source electrode.
- V th , V th represents a threshold voltage.
- ⁇ can be expressed as W / L where L is a length of current flowing through the oxide semiconductor layer 130 and W is a width.
- the field effect mobility is proportional to the velocity of carriers in a constant electric field, as in the above-described hole mobility, and there is a correlation between the field effect mobility and the hole mobility.
- the field effect mobility is 5 cm 2 / Vs or more, the defect level of the material is small. Accordingly, in this case, carrier generation due to defect levels during light irradiation can be suppressed, and as a result, an increase in leakage current can be suppressed. In addition, there is little voltage loss when a semiconductor element is formed.
- the field effect mobility of the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is 5 cm 2 / Vs or more
- the field-effect mobility of the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is preferably 5.0 cm 2 / Vs or higher.
- the optical band gap of the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is 3.4 eV or more and the field effect mobility is 5.0 cm 2 / Vs or more, an increase in leakage current is suppressed in a light irradiation environment or a negative voltage application light irradiation environment. it can.
- the field effect mobility is preferably 6.0 cm 2 / Vs or more, and more preferably 8.0 cm 2 / Vs or more.
- the threshold voltage is preferably 20 V or less.
- the threshold voltage can be reduced to 20 V or less.
- the gate insulating film is SiO x , and the film thickness is 75 nm to 150 nm
- the threshold voltage is set to 20 V or less, so that the light irradiation environment or negative An increase in leakage current and a shift of the threshold voltage in the negative direction in the voltage application light irradiation environment can be suppressed.
- the threshold voltage is preferably 20 V or less, and more preferably 10 V or less.
- the on / off ratio is preferably 10 8 to 10 10 . If the on / off ratio is 10 8 or more, a crosstalk screen can be obtained with a liquid crystal panel or an OLED panel. The on / off ratio is more preferably 10 9 or more.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is manufactured by a pulse laser deposition method or a sputtering method. By using these manufacturing methods, a film with few defects can be obtained, carrier generation is possible even at a deep donor level, the threshold voltage is 20 V or less, and the field-effect mobility is 5.0 to 8.0 cm 2 / Vs. It becomes. On the other hand, in a light irradiation environment or a negative voltage application light irradiation environment, an increase in leakage current or a shift in the negative direction of the threshold voltage can be suppressed by suppressing generation of carriers due to defect levels.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is disposed between the substrate 110 and the gate electrode 170.
- TFT thin film transistor
- the TFT 100A includes a barrier film 120A, a gate electrode 170A, a gate insulating film 140A, an oxide semiconductor layer 130A, a first electrode (source or drain) 160A, a second electrode on a substrate 110A.
- Each layer includes an electrode (drain or source) 162A and a passivation film 180A.
- the intensity of the incident light is 100, the incident light is the passivation film 180A and the oxide semiconductor layer 130A.
- the intensity of reflected light that is transmitted through the gate insulating film 140A, reflected by the gate electrode 170A, and transmitted through the gate insulating film 140A, the oxide semiconductor layer 130A, and the passivation film 180A is preferably 60 or more.
- the intensity of the reflected light is more preferably 65 or more, and further preferably 70 or more.
- the substrate 110 is prepared.
- the substrate 110 may be a transparent insulating substrate such as a glass substrate, a ceramic substrate, a plastic (for example, polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate) substrate, or a resin substrate.
- the substrate 110 is sufficiently cleaned.
- a barrier film 120 is formed on one surface of the substrate 110.
- the barrier film 120 may be made of silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, alumina, or the like.
- a material having an ultraviolet absorption function such as zinc oxide may be used for the barrier film 120. In this case, ultraviolet light entering the first element 100 can be absorbed.
- the method for forming the barrier film 120 is not particularly limited.
- the barrier film 120 may be formed using various film formation techniques such as sputtering, pulse laser deposition, atmospheric pressure CVD, reduced pressure CVD, and plasma CVD.
- the thickness of the barrier film 120 is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 500 nm.
- the barrier film 120 is a layer that is installed when necessary, and may be omitted.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is formed on the barrier film 120 (or the substrate 110).
- the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is composed of the first compound described above.
- a method for forming the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is not particularly limited.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 130 may be formed using various film formation techniques such as a sputtering method, a pulse laser deposition method, an atmospheric pressure CVD method, a low pressure CVD method, and a plasma CVD method.
- oxide semiconductor layer 130 may be formed continuously with the formation of the barrier film 120 by using an apparatus used for forming the barrier film 120.
- the thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 90 nm. If the film thickness is 10 nm or more, a sufficient accumulated electron layer can be formed.
- the thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is more preferably 20 nm or more, and further preferably 30 nm or more. When the thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is 90 nm or less, voltage consumption in the thickness direction can be ignored.
- the thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is more preferably 80 nm or less, and further preferably 60 nm or less.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is patterned to form a desired pattern of the oxide semiconductor layer 130.
- the pattern processing method includes general methods such as a mask film forming method and a lift-off method. Another possible method is to form an oxide semiconductor layer 130 and then place an island-shaped resist pattern on the upper portion and etch the oxide semiconductor layer 130 using the resist pattern as a mask.
- a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution an EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) aqueous solution, a TMAH (tetramethylammonium hydride) aqueous solution, or the like can be used as an etchant.
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydride
- the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is preferably annealed after patterning.
- the annealing atmosphere is selected from air, reduced pressure, inert gas such as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, helium, and neon, and water vapor.
- the annealing temperature is preferably 100 ° C. to 400 ° C. If the annealing temperature is 100 ° C. or higher, a field effect mobility of 5 cm 2 / Vs or higher can be obtained. When the temperature is 400 ° C. or lower, the field effect mobility of the oxide semiconductor layer 130 becomes uniform.
- the annealing temperature is more preferably 350 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 300 ° C. or lower.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a state in which the barrier film 120 and the patterned oxide semiconductor layer 130 are arranged on the substrate 110.
- the intermediate member as illustrated in FIG. 3, that is, the stacked body including the oxide semiconductor layer 130 over the substrate 110 has various devices and elements in various fields in addition to the first element 100. It can be used as an intermediate for.
- Such a stacked body may or may not have the barrier film 120, and the oxide semiconductor layer 130 may or may not be patterned.
- the insulating film 138 and the conductive film 168 are provided over the oxide semiconductor layer 130.
- the insulating film 138 is made of a material that will later become the gate insulating film 140.
- the insulating film 138 may be made of silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, alumina, or the like.
- the insulating film 138 may be formed using a film forming technique such as a sputtering method, a pulse laser deposition method, an atmospheric pressure CVD method, a low pressure CVD method, or a plasma CVD method.
- the thickness of the insulating film 138 is preferably 30 nm to 600 nm. If the thickness of the insulating film 138 is 30 nm or more, the gate electrode 170 and the oxide semiconductor layer 130, the gate electrode 170 and the first electrode (source or drain) 160, or the gate electrode 170 and the first electrode Short circuit between the two electrodes (drain or source) 162 is suppressed. When the thickness of the insulating film 138 is 600 nm or less, a high on-current can be obtained.
- the thickness of the insulating film 138 is more preferably 50 nm or more, and further preferably 150 nm or more. In addition, the thickness of the insulating film 138 is more preferably 500 nm or less, and further preferably 400 nm or less.
- the conductive film 168 is made of a material that will later become the gate electrode 170.
- the conductive film 168 includes chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), or a composite material containing them and / or You may comprise an alloy.
- the conductive film 168 may be a stacked film.
- a transparent conductive film may be used as the conductive film 168.
- transparent conductive films include ITO (In—Sn—O), ZnO, AZO (Al—Zn—O), GZO (Ga—Zn—O), IZO (In—Zn—O), and SnO 2 is mentioned.
- the conductive film 168 may be formed by a conventional film formation method such as sputtering or vapor deposition. Further, the insulating film 138 and the conductive film 168 may be continuously formed using the same film formation apparatus.
- the film thickness of the conductive film 168 is preferably 30 nm to 600 nm. When the thickness of the conductive film 168 is 30 nm or more, low resistance is obtained, and when the thickness is 600 nm or less, the conductive film 168 is interposed between the first electrode (source or drain) 160 or the conductive film 168. And the second electrode (drain or source) 162 are suppressed from being short-circuited.
- the film thickness of the conductive film 168 is more preferably 50 nm or more, and further preferably 150 nm or more.
- the thickness of the conductive film 168 is more preferably 500 nm or less, and further preferably 400 nm or less.
- the insulating film 138 and the conductive film 168 are patterned, thereby forming the gate insulating film 140 and the gate electrode 170, respectively.
- a method used in a general TFT array process that is, a combination of a photolithography process and an etching process may be used.
- a process of reducing electrical resistance with respect to the protruding portion 132 (see FIG. 5) protruding from the gate electrode 170 of the oxide semiconductor layer 130 as viewed from above (low resistance lowering process) May be implemented.
- Such a resistance reduction process can be performed by, for example, a method of performing hydrogen plasma treatment on the protruding portion 132 or a method of implanting hydrogen ions into the protruding portion 132.
- the on-resistance of the TFT can be reduced by reducing the resistance of the protruding portion 132.
- an interlayer insulating film 150 is formed on the laminated film.
- the interlayer insulating film 150 may be made of silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, alumina, or the like.
- the interlayer insulating film 150 is formed by a general film forming technique such as a sputtering method, a pulse laser deposition method, an atmospheric pressure CVD method, a low pressure CVD method, and a plasma CVD method.
- the interlayer insulating film 150 is patterned so that a part of the protruding portion 132 of the oxide semiconductor layer 130 is exposed on both sides of the gate electrode 170.
- a general photolithography process / etching process combination may be used for patterning the interlayer insulating film.
- the first electrode 160 and the second electrode 162 are installed and patterned.
- the first and second electrodes 160 and 162 are, for example, a drain electrode and a source electrode, respectively, or vice versa.
- the first electrode 160 and the second electrode 162 are placed and patterned so as to be in ohmic contact with at least a part of the protruding portion 132 of the oxide semiconductor layer 130.
- a general photolithography / etching process combination may be used for patterning the first electrode 160 and the second electrode 162.
- the first electrode 160 and the second electrode 162 may be chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, copper, silver, tantalum, titanium, or a composite material and / or alloy containing them.
- the first electrode 160 and the second electrode 162 may be a laminated film.
- the first electrode 160 and the second electrode 162 can be transparent conductive films.
- a passivation film 180 is formed so as to cover the laminated film.
- the passivation film 180 may be made of silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, alumina, or the like.
- the passivation film 180 may be formed using a film forming technique such as a sputtering method, a pulse laser deposition method, an atmospheric pressure CVD method, a low pressure CVD method, or a plasma CVD method.
- a film forming technique such as a sputtering method, a pulse laser deposition method, an atmospheric pressure CVD method, a low pressure CVD method, or a plasma CVD method.
- the thickness of the passivation film 180 is preferably 30 nm to 600 nm. If the thickness of the passivation film 180 is 30 nm or more, the exposed electrode can be covered. If the thickness is 600 nm or less, the deflection of the substrate 110 due to film stress is small.
- the thickness of the passivation film 180 is more preferably 50 nm or more, and further preferably 150 nm or more. Further, the thickness of the passivation film 180 is more preferably 500 nm or less, and further preferably 400 nm or less.
- the first element 100 can be manufactured.
- the above manufacturing method is merely an example, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the first element 100 may be manufactured by other methods.
- an auxiliary capacitance wiring, a terminal, and / or a current compensation circuit may be formed in addition to the above film. .
- FIG. 9 schematically shows a cross section of a solar cell (hereinafter referred to as “second element”) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the second element 200 is configured by disposing a silicon layer 220, an oxide semiconductor layer 230, and an electrode layer 240 on a support 210.
- the support 210 has a role of supporting each layer on the upper part.
- the support 210 may be formed of a transparent insulating substrate such as a glass substrate, a ceramic substrate, a plastic (for example, polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate) substrate, or a resin substrate.
- the electrode layer 240 is made of a conductive material such as metal.
- the manufacturing method of the second element 200 can be easily grasped by referring to the manufacturing method of the first element 100 described above. Therefore, description of the manufacturing method of the second element 200 is omitted here.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 230 is formed of the above-described first compound.
- the above-described effect that is, the effect that the variation in characteristics can be significantly suppressed even when the second element 200 is used in a negative voltage applied light irradiation environment. Obtainable.
- FIG. 10 schematically shows a cross section of an OLED (hereinafter referred to as “third element”) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the third element 300 includes layers of a first electrode (cathode) 320, an oxide semiconductor layer 330, an organic layer 340, and a second electrode (anode) 350 on a substrate 310. Are arranged in this order.
- the substrate 310 has a role of supporting each layer on the upper part.
- the substrate 310 may be formed of a transparent insulating substrate such as a glass substrate, a ceramic substrate, a plastic (for example, polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate) substrate, or a resin substrate.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 330 functions as an electron injection layer or an electron transport layer.
- the organic layer 340 may include an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, an organic light emitting layer, a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, and the like in addition to the organic light emitting layer. However, each layer other than the organic light emitting layer may be omitted if unnecessary.
- the substrate 310 side is a light extraction surface. Therefore, the substrate 310 is a transparent substrate, the first electrode 320 is a transparent electrode, and the oxide semiconductor layer 330 is a transparent layer.
- Such a manufacturing method of the third element 300 can be easily grasped by referring to the manufacturing method of the first element 100 described above. Therefore, description of the manufacturing method of the third element 300 is omitted here.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 330 is formed of the above-described first compound.
- the third element 300 also has the effect as described above, that is, the effect that the variation in characteristics can be significantly suppressed even when the third element 300 is used in a negative voltage applied light irradiation environment. Obtainable.
- the application form of the first compound has been described above by taking TFT, solar cell, and OLED as examples.
- the first compound can be applied to other devices or elements.
- Examples of such an element include a memory element.
- Example 1 Evaluation of the first film
- An oxide semiconductor compound containing Ga and Zn as cations was formed by the following method, and the characteristics thereof were evaluated.
- pellets for pulse laser deposition were prepared.
- the green compact was fired at 1400 ° C. for 5 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain a pellet having a diameter of 15 mm and a height of 8 mm (hereinafter referred to as “first pellet”).
- a thin film was formed on the substrate by the pulse laser deposition method using the first pellet.
- Two types of substrates a glass substrate (AN100: manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) and a quartz glass substrate were used.
- Film formation was performed by attaching the first pellet to a pellet holder in a vacuum chamber containing a substrate and irradiating the pellet with a laser pulse.
- a KrF laser (COMPLEX PRO 110F manufactured by COHERENT) having a wavelength of 248 nm was used.
- the input power was 60 mJ and the repetition frequency was 10 Hz.
- the inside of the chamber was an oxygen atmosphere, and the oxygen partial pressure was 5 Pa.
- the substrate temperature was set to 26 ° C.
- an oxide film containing Ga and Zn having a thickness of 150 nm was formed on the substrate.
- first glass substrate sample a glass substrate having an oxide film
- first quartz glass substrate sample a quartz glass substrate having an oxide film
- fluorescent X-ray analysis was performed using the first glass substrate sample.
- a fluorescent X-ray measurement apparatus ZSX100e: manufactured by Rigaku Corporation
- the oxide film obtained by the film forming method is referred to as a “first film”. Note that the composition of the first film is represented by Ga 0.7 Zn 0.3 O x .
- FIG. 11 shows the X-ray diffraction measurement results obtained for the first glass substrate sample. From this result, it can be seen that only a broad halo pattern is recognized in the first glass substrate sample.
- the Scherrer diameter obtained from the aforementioned equation (3) was 1.5 nm, and it was confirmed that the first film was amorphous.
- optical band gap was evaluated using the first quartz glass substrate sample.
- the transmittance T (%) and reflectance R (%) of the first quartz glass substrate sample were measured using a spectrophotometer (U-4100: manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).
- d is the thickness of the first film included in the first quartz glass substrate sample. Further, the absorption coefficient of the quartz glass substrate is negligibly small.
- FIG. 12 shows the absorption coefficient of the first film calculated by the equation (5).
- the absorption coefficient of incident light energy 3.5 eV of the first film was 990 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the relationship between the absorption coefficient ⁇ and the light energy is given by: ( ⁇ h ⁇ ) 1/2 ⁇ (h ⁇ -E g ) (6)
- h is the Planck constant
- ⁇ is the frequency of light
- E g is the optical band gap.
- the optical band gap of the first film can be calculated from this equation (6).
- the optical band gap of the first film was 3.76 eV.
- Al patterns (2 mm ⁇ 2 mm) having a thickness of 50 nm were formed at the four corners of the first film of the first quartz glass substrate sample, and used as electrodes.
- a Hall measuring device (ResiTest 8300; manufactured by Toyo Technica Co., Ltd.) was used for Hall measurement.
- the magnetic field strength was 0.34T, and the automatic setting mode was used for measuring the current value. The measurement was performed every 10K in the temperature range from 160K to 300K.
- FIG. 13 shows the temperature dependence of the hole mobility of electrons obtained by Hall measurement.
- FIG. 14 shows the temperature dependence of the carrier density obtained by Hall measurement. In all cases, the carrier was an electron.
- N 0 1.5 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3
- the activation energy E a was 0.16 eV.
- the film density of the first film was measured by the XRR method using Rigaku's Smartlab. As a result, the film density was 5.25 g / cm 3 .
- first TFT sample a TFT element (hereinafter referred to as “first TFT sample”) was produced by the following method.
- FIG. 15 schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration of the first first TFT sample.
- the first TFT sample 400 includes a silicon substrate 410, a thermal oxide film 420, an oxide semiconductor layer 430, a drain electrode 440 and a source electrode 450.
- a silicon substrate 410 13 mm ⁇ 13 mm with a thermal oxide film 420 was prepared.
- the silicon substrate 410 is n-type and has a specific resistance of 0.001 ⁇ cm.
- the thermal oxide film 420 was formed by oxidizing the silicon substrate 410.
- the thickness of the thermal oxide film 420 is 150 nm.
- the silicon substrate 410 was used as the gate electrode of the first TFT sample 400, and the thermal oxide film 420 was used as the gate insulating film of the first TFT sample 400.
- a photoresist was placed on the thermal oxide film 420. Further, this photoresist was patterned by a general photolithography method. The photoresist pattern was formed in a shape having a rectangular omission area of 900 ⁇ m in length ⁇ 300 ⁇ m in width (length in the X direction in FIG. 15) in the center.
- an oxide semiconductor layer was formed on the thermal oxide film 420 by a pulse laser deposition method using the photoresist as a mask.
- the oxide semiconductor layer was a layer containing oxides of Ga and Zn, and was formed under the film formation conditions shown in the above section (Evaluation of the first film). However, the thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer was 50 nm.
- the silicon substrate 410 was immersed in acetone and subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 5 minutes. Furthermore, ultrasonic cleaning was performed in ethanol for 5 minutes. As a result, the photoresist and the oxide semiconductor layer formed on the photoresist were removed. As a result, an island-shaped oxide semiconductor layer 430 was formed at the center of the thermal oxide film 420.
- the silicon substrate 410 was annealed at 200 ° C. for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa.
- a drain electrode 440 and a source electrode 450 having a form as shown in FIG. 15 were formed on the thermal oxide film 420 and the oxide semiconductor layer 430.
- Electrodes 440 and 450 were made of metal aluminum and formed by a general sputtering method using the above-described photoresist pattern as a mask.
- the dimensions of the drain electrode 440 and the source electrode 450 were 300 ⁇ m in length ⁇ width (length in the X direction in FIG. 15) 200 ⁇ m ⁇ thickness (maximum portion) 50 nm.
- the distance Lt (see FIG. 15) between the drain electrode 440 and the source electrode 450 was 50 ⁇ m.
- the end surface of the silicon substrate 410 was polished to expose the conductive surface, and this exposed surface was used as a current-carrying portion.
- the first TFT sample 400 was produced. Note that it is apparent from the above description that the oxide semiconductor layer 430 of the first TFT sample 400 corresponds to the above-described “first film”.
- the first TFT sample 400 is irradiated with light from the side opposite to the silicon substrate 410 and a negative voltage is applied to the gate electrode (silicon substrate 410). The change in characteristics that occurred was measured.
- a semiconductor parameter analyzer (4155C: manufactured by Agilent) was used for measuring the characteristic change.
- As the light source a white LED light source and a fluorescent lamp attached to a prober were used.
- the illuminance of the white LED light source was 11000 lux, and the illuminance of the fluorescent lamp was 17000 lux.
- FIG. 16 shows the emission spectrum of the white LED light source used.
- FIG. 17 shows the emission spectrum of the fluorescent lamp used.
- the gate electrode was set to ⁇ 20V
- the drain electrode 440 and the source electrode 450 were set to 0V under the light irradiation of the light source, and the TFT characteristics were measured after holding for a certain time.
- FIG. 18 and 19 show the evaluation results obtained in the first TFT sample 400.
- FIG. FIG. 18 shows the result under irradiation with a white LED light source
- FIG. 19 shows the result under irradiation with a fluorescent lamp.
- the “initial” line is the measurement result in the dark state, that is, the state without light irradiation.
- the first film whose composition is represented by Ga 0.7 Zn 0.3 O x is significantly suppressed in characteristic variation even under a negative voltage applied light irradiation environment.
- the on / off ratio of the first TFT sample 400 in the dark state is 10 8 to 10 9
- the field-effect mobility of the oxide semiconductor layer 430 calculated from the saturation region is 7.1 cm 2 / Vs. Yes, the threshold voltage was 0V.
- Example 2 Evaluation of second film
- an oxide semiconductor compound containing Ga and Zn as cations was formed, and the characteristics thereof were evaluated.
- Ga 2 O 3 powder manufactured by Koyo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- ZnO powder manufactured by Koyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.
- the other pellet production conditions are the same as in Example 1. Thereby, the 2nd pellet was obtained.
- second glass substrate sample the glass substrate having this oxide film
- quartz glass substrate having this oxide film is referred to as “second quartz glass substrate sample”.
- the film obtained by this film forming method is referred to as a “second film”. Note that the composition of the second film is represented by Ga 0.35 Zn 0.65 O y .
- the crystallinity of the second film was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- FIG. 20 shows the result of the X-ray diffraction measurement obtained for the second glass substrate sample. From this result, it can be seen that only a broad halo pattern is observed in the second glass substrate sample.
- the Scherrer diameter obtained from the above-described equation (3) is 1.3 nm. From this, it was confirmed that the second film was amorphous.
- FIG. 12 shows the absorption coefficient of the second film.
- the absorption coefficient of incident light energy 3.5 eV of the second film was 3062 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the optical band gap of the second film was evaluated from the equation (6). As a result, the optical band gap of the second film was calculated to be 3.47 eV.
- the Hall measurement method is the same as in Example 1 described above.
- FIG. 21 shows the temperature dependence of the mobility obtained by Hall measurement.
- FIG. 22 shows the temperature dependence of the carrier density obtained by Hall measurement. In all cases, the carrier was an electron.
- FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 show that both carrier (electron) mobility and carrier (electron) concentration follow Arrhenius law well.
- the carrier (electron) mobility at 300 K was 5.9 cm 2 / Vs.
- the activation energy E a was 0.04 eV.
- the film density of the second film was measured by the XRR method using Rigaku's Smartlab. As a result, the film density was 5.25 g / cm 3 .
- second TFT sample a TFT element (hereinafter referred to as “second TFT sample”) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 described above. However, in Example 2, the second film was used as the oxide semiconductor layer. The method for forming this film is as described in the above (evaluation of second film).
- FIG. 23 shows the evaluation results obtained for the second TFT sample.
- the light source was white LED light having a spectral intensity as shown in FIG.
- the “initial” line is a measurement result in a dark state, that is, a state where no light irradiation is performed.
- FIG. 23 shows that in the case of the second TFT sample having the second film as the oxide semiconductor layer, a shift in threshold voltage and a slight increase in off-state current are observed.
- the threshold voltage converges in the vicinity of ⁇ 5V, for example, if the gate-off voltage is set to ⁇ 25V, it can be used as a switching element even under light irradiation.
- Example 3 Evaluation of third film
- An oxide semiconductor compound containing Ga and Zn as cations was formed by the following method, and the characteristics thereof were evaluated.
- the substrate was a glass substrate and a quartz glass substrate.
- Film formation was performed by sputtering with a substrate and a target placed in a vacuum chamber.
- a 13.56 MHz RF power source was used as the sputtering power source.
- the atmosphere was a mixed gas atmosphere of Ar gas and O 2 gas.
- the flow rate of Ar gas was 39.9 sccm, and the flow rate of O 2 gas was 0.1 sccm.
- the pressure was 1 Pa and the power was 150 W.
- the distance between the substrate and the target was 100 mm.
- the glass substrate having this oxide film is referred to as “third glass substrate sample”, and the quartz glass substrate having this oxide film is referred to as “third quartz glass substrate sample”.
- the thickness of the oxide film in the third glass substrate sample was 200 nm.
- the thickness of the oxide film in the third quartz glass substrate sample was 50 nm.
- the film obtained by the above film forming method is referred to as a “third film”. Note that the composition of the third film is represented by Ga 0.65 Zn 0.35 O z .
- the optical band gap of the third film was evaluated from the above equation (6).
- the optical band gap of the third film was calculated to be 3.90 eV.
- the hole mobility of the third film at 300 K was 4.82 cm 2 / Vs.
- the film density of the third film was measured by the XRR method using Rigaku's Smartlab. As a result, the film density was 5.36 g / cm 3 .
- third TFT sample a TFT element (hereinafter referred to as “third TFT sample”) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 described above.
- Example 3 the third film was used as the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the method of forming this film is as described in the above (evaluation of the third film).
- surface treatment was performed on the fabricated TFT element. The surface treatment was performed by immersing the TFT element in a 2.38% aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydride (TMAH) for 3 seconds.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydride
- FIG. 24 shows the evaluation results obtained for the third TFT sample.
- the light source was a fluorescent lamp having a spectral intensity as shown in FIG.
- the “initial” line is a characteristic measurement result in a dark state, that is, in a state where no light irradiation is performed.
- the “fluorescent lamp lighting” line is a characteristic measurement result in the light irradiation state. In the latter, the source electrode was 0V and the drain voltage was 40V.
- FIG. 25 shows the change over time of the current value of the third TFT sample being driven under fluorescent lamp irradiation.
- the driving conditions for the third TFT sample are a gate voltage of ⁇ 30V, a drain voltage of 10V, and a source voltage of 0V.
- the on / off ratio of the third TFT sample in the dark state is 10 10
- the field-effect mobility of the oxide semiconductor layer calculated from the saturation region is 8.04 cm 2 / Vs
- the threshold voltage is It was 19.0V.
- Example 4 Evaluation of the fourth film
- An oxide semiconductor compound containing In, Ga, and Zn as cations was formed by the following method, and the characteristics thereof were evaluated.
- a sputtering target was prepared.
- the green compact was fired at 1400 ° C. for 5 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain a target having a diameter of 76.2 mm and a height of 8 mm.
- a thin film was formed on the substrate by sputtering.
- a glass substrate and a quartz glass substrate were used as the substrate.
- Film formation was performed by sputtering with a substrate and a target placed in a vacuum chamber.
- a 13.56 MHz RF power source was used as the sputtering power source.
- the atmosphere was a mixed gas atmosphere of Ar gas and O 2 gas.
- the flow rate of Ar gas was 19.6 sccm, and the flow rate of O 2 gas was 0.4 sccm.
- the pressure was 0.55 Pa and the power was 70 W.
- the distance between the substrate and the target was 100 mm.
- the substrate was annealed at 300 ° C. for 1 hour in a pure oxygen atmosphere.
- the glass substrate having this oxide film is referred to as a “fourth glass substrate sample”.
- the quartz glass substrate having this oxide film is referred to as a “fourth quartz glass substrate sample”.
- the film obtained by the above film forming method is referred to as a “fourth film”.
- FIG. 12 shows the absorption coefficient of the fourth film.
- the absorption coefficient of incident light energy 3.5 eV of the fourth film was calculated to be 30023 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the optical band gap of the fourth film was evaluated from the equation (6). As a result, the optical band gap of the fourth film was calculated to be 3.1 eV.
- the Hall measurement method is the same as in Example 1 described above.
- fourth TFT sample a TFT element (hereinafter referred to as “fourth TFT sample”) was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 described above.
- Example 4 the fourth film was used as the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the method for forming this film is as described in the above (evaluation of the fourth film).
- FIG. 26 and 27 show the evaluation results obtained for the fourth TFT sample.
- FIG. 26 shows the result under irradiation with a white LED light source
- FIG. 27 shows the result under irradiation with a fluorescent lamp.
- the “initial” line is the measurement result in the dark state, that is, the state without light irradiation.
- FIG. 26 it was found that when a white LED light source was used as the light source, the leakage current of the fourth TFT sample in a negative voltage applied light irradiation environment exceeded 100 pA.
- FIG. 27 shows that when a fluorescent lamp is used as the light source, the threshold voltage shift width and leakage current are larger and the characteristics are further deteriorated, compared with the case where a white LED light source is used as the light source.
- the characteristics under the negative voltage applied light irradiation environment are greatly deteriorated. It was confirmed that in the TFT element (first to third TFT samples) having an oxide semiconductor layer by the above, deterioration in characteristics under a negative voltage applied light irradiation environment is significantly suppressed.
- TFT (first element) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 110 Substrate 120 Barrier film 130 Oxide semiconductor layer 132 Protruding part 138 Insulating film 140 Gate insulating film 150 Interlayer insulating film 160 First electrode 162 Second electrode 168 Conductive film 170 Gate electrode 180 Passivation film 200 Solar cell (second element) 210 Support 220 Silicon Layer 230 Oxide Semiconductor Layer 240 Electrode Layer 300 OLED (Third Element) 310 Substrate 320 First electrode (cathode) 330 Oxide semiconductor layer 340 Organic layer 350 Second electrode (anode) 400 First TFT sample 410 Silicon substrate 420 Thermal oxide film 430 Oxide semiconductor layer 440 Drain electrode 450 Source electrode
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Abstract
Description
N=N0exp(-Ea/kT) (1)式
N0は、1016cm-3以上であってもよい。ただし、Tは測定温度(K)であり、kはボルツマン定数(eVK-1)であり、Eaは活性化エネルギー(eV)である。
前記半導体素子は、TFT(薄膜トランジスタ)、太陽電池、またはOLED(有機発光ダイオード)のいずれかであり、
前記層は、前述のような特徴を有する酸化物半導体化合物で構成されることを特徴とする半導体素子が提供される。
前記半導体素子は、TFT(薄膜トランジスタ)であり、
前記層は、ガリウムおよび酸素を含み、光学バンドギャップが3.4eV以上であり、電界効果移動度が5cm2/Vs以上であることを特徴とする半導体素子が提供される。
基板と、
該基板の上部に設置された酸化物半導体化合物の層と、
を有し、
前記層は、前述のような特徴を有する酸化物半導体化合物で構成されることを特徴とする積層体が提供される。
本発明の一実施形態では、ガリウムおよび酸素を含み、光学バンドギャップが3.4eV以上であり、300Kにおけるホール(Hall)測定により得られる電子のホール(Hall)移動度が3cm2/Vs以上である、酸化物半導体化合物(以下、「第1の化合物」という)が提供される。
(αhν)1/2 ∝ (hν-Eg) (2)式
ここで、αは吸収係数であり、hはプランク定数であり、νは光の振動数であり、Egは光学バンドギャップである。
N=N0×exp(-Ea/kT) (1)式
ここで、kは、ボルツマン定数(eVK-1)であり、Tは温度(K)であり、N0は定数であり、Eaは活性化エネルギー(eV)である。
次に、第1の化合物の組成の一例について説明する。
L=Kλ/(βcosθ) (3)式
となる。例えば、X線波長λが0.154nmのとき、シェラー定数Kは0.9となる。
前述のような特徴を有する第1の化合物は、薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)、太陽電池、および有機発光ダイオード(OLED)など、各種半導体素子に適用することができる。以下、図面を参照して、そのような半導体素子の一例について、具体的に説明する。
図1には、本発明の一実施形態による薄膜トランジスタ(以下、「第1の素子」と称する)の断面を模式的に示す。
Id=α×μCox×1/2(Vgs-Vth)2 (4)式
ここで、Idはドレイン電流、μは電界効果移動度、Coxはゲート電極170と酸化物半導体層130で形成される単位面積当たりの静電容量、Vgsはゲート電極170とソース電極との間の電圧、Vthは閾値電圧を表す。αは、例えば酸化物半導体層130に電流が流れる長さをL、幅をWとしたとき、W/Lと表せる。
次に、図3~図8を参照して、図1に示したような第1の素子100の製造方法について説明する。
次に、図9を参照して、本発明の一実施形態による太陽電池の構成について説明する。
次に、図10を参照して、本発明の一実施形態による有機発光ダイオード(OLED)の構成について説明する。
(第1の膜の評価)
以下の方法で、カチオンとしてGaおよびZnを含む酸化物半導体化合物を成膜し、その特性を評価した。
吸収係数α=-1/d×ln(T/(100-R)) (5)式
ここで、dは、第1の石英ガラス基板サンプルに含まれる第1の膜の厚さである。また、石英ガラス基板の吸収係数は無視できるほど小さい。
(αhν)1/2 ∝ (hν-Eg) (6)式
ここで、hはプランク定数であり、νは光の振動数であり、Egは光学バンドギャップである。
次に、以下の方法により、TFT素子(以下、「第1のTFTサンプル」という)を作製した。
前述のように作製された第1のTFTサンプル400を用いて、負電圧印加光照射環境下での特性評価を行った。
(第2の膜の評価)
例1の場合と同様の方法で、カチオンとしてGaおよびZnを含む酸化物半導体化合物を成膜し、その特性を評価した。
次に、前述の例1の場合と同様の方法で、TFT素子(以下、「第2のTFTサンプル」という)を作製した。ただし、この例2では、酸化物半導体層として、第2の膜を使用した。この膜の成膜方法は、前述の(第2の膜の評価)における記載の通りである。
第2のTFTサンプルを用いて、例1の場合と同様の、負電圧印加光照射環境下での特性評価を行った。
(第3の膜の評価)
以下の方法で、カチオンとしてGaおよびZnを含む酸化物半導体化合物を成膜し、その特性を評価した。成膜方法としては、スパッタ法を用い、ターゲットはモル比で、Ga2O3:ZnO=50:50となる酸化物ターゲットを豊島製作所から購入した。
次に、前述の例1の場合と同様の方法で、TFT素子(以下、「第3のTFTサンプル」という)を作製した。
第3のTFTサンプルを用いて、例1の場合と同様の、負電圧印加光照射環境下での特性評価を行った。
(第4の膜の評価)
以下の方法で、カチオンとしてIn、GaおよびZnを含む酸化物半導体化合物を成膜し、その特性を評価した。
次に、前述の例3の場合と同様の方法で、TFT素子(以下、「第4のTFTサンプル」という)を作製した。
第4のTFTサンプルを用いて、例1の場合と同様の、負電圧印加光照射環境下での特性評価を行った。
110 基板
120 バリア膜
130 酸化物半導体層
132 突出部分
138 絶縁膜
140 ゲート絶縁膜
150 層間絶縁膜
160 第1の電極
162 第2の電極
168 導電膜
170 ゲート電極
180 パッシベーション膜
200 太陽電池(第2の素子)
210 支持体
220 シリコン層
230 酸化物半導体層
240 電極層
300 OLED(第3の素子)
310 基板
320 第1の電極(陰極)
330 酸化物半導体層
340 有機層
350 第2の電極(陽極)
400 第1のTFTサンプル
410 シリコン基板
420 熱酸化膜
430 酸化物半導体層
440 ドレイン電極
450 ソース電極
Claims (17)
- ガリウムおよび酸素を含み、光学バンドギャップが3.4eV以上であり、300Kにおけるホール(Hall)測定により得られる電子のホール(Hall)移動度が3cm2/Vs以上である、酸化物半導体化合物。
- 前記ホール(Hall)測定により得られる電子密度Nの温度依然性を、以下の式で表したとき、
N=N0exp(-Ea/kT) (1)式
N0が1016cm-3以上である、請求項1に記載の酸化物半導体化合物:
ここで、Tは測定温度(K)であり、kはボルツマン定数(eVK-1)であり、Eaは活性化エネルギー(eV)である。 - 前記活性化エネルギーEaは0.04eV以上である、請求項2に記載の酸化物半導体化合物。
- 入射光エネルギー3.5eVの吸収係数が10000cm-1以下である請求項1乃至3のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物半導体化合物。
- さらに、亜鉛を含む、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物半導体化合物。
- 全カチオン原子に対するガリウム原子の原子比は、35%以上である、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物半導体化合物。
- 実質的に、ガリウムと亜鉛との酸化物からなる、請求項1乃至6のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物半導体化合物。
- ガリウム原子と亜鉛原子の全量に対するガリウム原子の原子比は、35%~95%の範囲である、請求項7に記載の酸化物半導体化合物。
- 非晶質である、請求項1乃至8のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物半導体化合物。
- 酸化物半導体化合物の層を含む半導体素子であって、
前記半導体素子は、TFT(薄膜トランジスタ)、太陽電池、またはOLED(有機発光ダイオード)のいずれかであり、
前記層は、請求項1乃至9のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物半導体化合物で構成されることを特徴とする半導体素子。 - 前記半導体素子は、TFTであり、
前記層は、5cm2/Vs以上の電界効果移動度を有する、請求項10に記載の半導体素子。 - 酸化物半導体化合物の層を含む半導体素子であって、
前記半導体素子は、TFT(薄膜トランジスタ)であり、
前記層は、ガリウムおよび酸素を含み、光学バンドギャップが3.4eV以上であり、電界効果移動度が5cm2/Vs以上であることを特徴とする半導体素子。 - 前記半導体素子は、基板と、該基板の上部に配置された前記層と、該層の上部に配置されたゲート電極と、前記層と接触するソース電極およびドレイン電極とを有し、
前記層は、前記基板の側において、遮光層で遮蔽されていない、請求項10乃至12のいずれか一つに記載の半導体素子。 - 前記半導体素子は、基板と、該基板の上部に配置されたゲート電極と、該ゲート電極の上部に配置された前記層と、該層と接触するソース電極およびドレイン電極とを有し、
前記層は、前記基板および前記ゲート電極とは反対の側において、遮光層で遮蔽されていない、請求項10乃至12のいずれか一つに記載の半導体素子。 - 積層体であって、
基板と、
該基板の上部に設置された酸化物半導体化合物の層と、
を有し、
前記層は、請求項1乃至9のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物半導体化合物で構成されることを特徴とする積層体。 - さらに、前記基板と前記層との間に、バリア膜を有する、請求項15に記載の積層体。
- 前記基板は、ガラス基板である、請求項15または16に記載の積層体。
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