WO2017146199A1 - サーマル転写用の画像データの作成方法、画像形成方法、及び画像表示デバイス - Google Patents
サーマル転写用の画像データの作成方法、画像形成方法、及び画像表示デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017146199A1 WO2017146199A1 PCT/JP2017/007039 JP2017007039W WO2017146199A1 WO 2017146199 A1 WO2017146199 A1 WO 2017146199A1 JP 2017007039 W JP2017007039 W JP 2017007039W WO 2017146199 A1 WO2017146199 A1 WO 2017146199A1
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- image
- gradation
- transfer
- image data
- thermal transfer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/40—Picture signal circuits
- H04N1/40087—Multi-toning, i.e. converting a continuous-tone signal for reproduction with more than two discrete brightnesses or optical densities, e.g. dots of grey and black inks on white paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/52—Arrangement for printing a discrete number of tones, not covered by group B41J2/205, e.g. applicable to two or more kinds of printing or marking process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/315—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
- B41J2/32—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
- B41J2/325—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads by selective transfer of ink from ink carrier, e.g. from ink ribbon or sheet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/382—Contact thermal transfer or sublimation processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/40—Picture signal circuits
- H04N1/405—Halftoning, i.e. converting the picture signal of a continuous-tone original into a corresponding signal showing only two levels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
Definitions
- the technology of the present disclosure relates to a method for creating image data for thermal transfer, an image forming method, and an image display device used when manufacturing an image display device that displays an image of a personal authentication medium formed by a transfer ribbon.
- a passport which is an example of a personal authentication medium, has an owner display unit that displays an owner's face image. Since the display of face images on photographic paper such as a face photograph may be tampered with by reprinting the face photograph, in recent years, the information on the face image has been digitized to form the owner display section and this is displayed on a booklet. A way to reproduce is taken.
- image reproduction methods include, for example, a method of reproducing a face image using a fluorescent ink, a method of reproducing a face image using an ink containing a colorless or light-colored fluorescent dye and a colored pigment, and a pearl pigment.
- a method of reproducing a face image by using a method is known (for example, see Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3).
- the visual effect of the face image is simple, so it is easy to forge or tamper, and the authenticity of the face image can be determined visually. It was difficult.
- gradation reproducibility is poor in an image formed by transfer, and a multi-gradation input image is converted from 3 gradations to 4 gradations, which is a smaller number of gradations than the number of gradations of the input image.
- the image is converted into an image of a degree and displayed. For this reason, the tone value becomes discontinuous at the portion where the tone value continuously changes in the input image, and the reproducibility of the tone is lowered.
- gradation reproducibility is reduced in an image formed by transfer even in a portion where gradation values continuously change in an input image. It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermal transfer image data creation method, an image formation method, and an image display device that can suppress continuous gradation and thereby represent continuous changes in gradation values.
- the technology of the present disclosure has been made in order to solve the above problems.
- a first aspect is a method of creating image data for thermal transfer, and the image data for thermal transfer is obtained by transferring a part of a transfer material layer formed on a transfer ribbon to an image receiving layer of an intermediate transfer ribbon.
- the creation method converts a multi-gradation input image into a multi-gradation image having a smaller number of gradations than the input image according to a predetermined threshold value. And performing dither processing for each gradation value in the image.
- the input image is divided into a plurality of interleaved regions, and in the plurality of regions, a gradation difference is applied to images in regions adjacent to each other. It is preferable to further include providing.
- dividing the plurality of regions includes dividing the input image into stripes.
- providing the gradation difference divides the gradation of the input image into a low gradation range, an intermediate gradation range, and a high gradation range, and in the low gradation range, The gradation value is increased as the gradation value is lower, the gradation difference is increased as the gradation value is larger in the high gradation range, and the gradation difference is increased in the intermediate gradation range. Is preferably made smaller than the gradation difference set in the low gradation range and the high gradation range.
- the method further includes limiting the area where the gradation difference is provided only to an area where the gradation value continuously changes.
- a sixth aspect uses the image data created by the method for creating image data for thermal transfer, and transfers a part of the transfer material layer formed on the transfer ribbon to the image receiving layer of the image display device.
- This is an image forming method in which an image is formed by a plurality of image cells composed of a transferred transfer material layer.
- the seventh aspect uses the image data created by the method for creating image data for thermal transfer, and transfers a part of the transfer material layer formed on the transfer ribbon to the image receiving layer of the intermediate transfer ribbon.
- This is an image forming method in which an image is formed by a plurality of image cells composed of a transferred transfer material layer.
- a ninth aspect is an image display device formed by the image forming method.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating an example of a printer.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a transfer ribbon in the present embodiment.
- a transfer ribbon 101 shown in FIG. 1 includes a base material 11 and a transfer material layer 102 that is releasably supported by a release layer 12.
- the base material 11 is, for example, a resin film or a resin sheet.
- the base material 11 consists of material excellent in heat resistance, such as a polyethylene terephthalate, a polyethylene naphthalate, a triacetyl cellulose, a polycarbonate, a polyimide, for example.
- a release layer containing, for example, a fluororesin or a silicone resin may be provided on the main surface of the base material 11 supporting the transfer material layer 102.
- the thickness of the substrate 11 is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the transfer material layer 102 includes a release layer 12, a relief structure forming layer 13, a reflective layer 14, and an adhesive layer 15.
- the release layer 12 is formed on the substrate 11.
- the release layer 12 serves to stabilize the release of the transfer material layer 102 from the substrate 11 and to promote the adhesion of the adhesive layer 15 to the image receiving layer.
- the release layer 12 is light transmissive and typically transparent.
- a thermoplastic resin such as an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a cellulose resin, or an epoxy resin can be used.
- the release layer 12 may contain particles.
- particles in the release layer 12 inorganic particles and polymer particles can be used. Silica or alumina can be used as the inorganic particles.
- PTFE resin particles and acrylic resin particles can be used.
- the thickness of the release layer 12 is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less. Further, the release layer 12 may be omitted.
- the relief structure forming layer 13 is formed on the release layer 12.
- the relief structure forming layer 13 preferably has a function of diffracting light as a relief structure.
- Examples of the relief structure for diffracting light include a hologram and a diffraction grating element.
- the relief structure forming layer 13 is a transparent layer having a relief structure on the surface.
- a resin such as a photocurable resin, a thermosetting resin, and a thermoplastic resin can be used.
- the relief structure forming layer 13 may be a volume hologram.
- the thickness of the relief structure forming layer 13 is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the reflective layer 14 is formed on the relief structure forming layer 13. Although the reflective layer 14 can be omitted, the visibility of the image displayed by the diffraction structure is improved by providing the reflective layer 14.
- the thickness of the reflective layer 14 is preferably 10 nm or more and 60 nm or less.
- the reflective layer 14 for example, a transparent reflective layer or an opaque metal reflective layer can be used.
- the reflective layer 14 can be formed by, for example, a vacuum film forming method such as vacuum deposition or sputtering.
- the transparent reflective layer for example, a layer made of a transparent material having a refractive index different from that of the relief structure forming layer 13 can be used.
- the transparent reflective layer made of a transparent material may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. When the transparent reflective layer has a multilayer structure, the transparent reflective layer may be designed to repeatedly generate reflection and interference.
- a transparent material for forming such a transparent reflective layer a transparent dielectric can be used.
- the transparent dielectric an inorganic transparent dielectric or an organic transparent dielectric can be used.
- the organic transparent dielectric melamine resin, fluororesin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, and copolymers thereof can be used.
- a metal compound can be used as the inorganic transparent dielectric.
- As the transparent dielectric of the metal compound zinc sulfide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide or the like can be used.
- a metal layer having a thickness of less than 20 nm may be used as the transparent reflective layer.
- a material of the metal layer for example, a single metal such as chromium, nickel, aluminum, iron, titanium, silver, gold, and copper, or an alloy thereof can be used.
- the opaque metal reflection layer a metal layer similar to the metal layer that can be used for the transparent reflection layer can be used except that it is thicker than the transparent reflection layer.
- the adhesive layer 15 is formed on the reflective layer 14.
- the adhesive layer 15 is made of, for example, a transparent resin.
- a transparent resin for example, a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin can be used.
- an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, a polyamideimide resin, or the like can be used as the transparent resin.
- particles may be contained in these transparent resins.
- inorganic particles and polymer particles can be used. Silica or alumina can be used as the inorganic particles.
- PTFE resin particles and acrylic resin particles can be used.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer 15 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- a back coat layer 16 is formed on the surface of the substrate 11 opposite to the surface on which the transfer material layer 102 is formed.
- the backcoat layer 16 is provided on the transfer ribbon 101 so that when the transfer ribbon 101 is thermally transferred, the transfer ribbon 101 can be heated and transferred by a thermal head that is an image transfer head. Further, the back coat layer 16 is provided on the transfer ribbon 101 in order to improve adhesion to the thermal head, improve slippage, and improve thermal conductivity.
- silicon acrylate is used as the material of the back coat layer 16.
- the thickness of the back coat layer 16 is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less. The back coat layer 16 may be omitted.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the intermediate transfer ribbon in this embodiment.
- An intermediate transfer ribbon 201 shown in FIG. 2 includes a base material 21 and an image receiving layer 23 supported by the peeling protective layer 22 so as to be peelable.
- the base material 21 is, for example, a resin film or a resin sheet.
- the base material 21 consists of material excellent in heat resistance, such as a polyethylene terephthalate, a polyethylene naphthalate, a triacetyl cellulose, a polycarbonate, a polyimide, for example.
- a release layer containing, for example, a fluororesin or a silicone resin may be provided on the main surface supporting the image receiving layer 23 of the substrate 21.
- the thickness of the substrate 21 is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the transfer material layer 102 can be transferred onto a card or paper base material with a thermal head to form an image.
- the card or paper substrate may include an image receiving layer 23.
- plastic, paper, and a composite material of plastic can be used.
- the paper base material cotton paper and coated paper can be used.
- vinyl chloride, PET, or polycarbonate can be used.
- the thickness of the card is preferably 0.2 mm or more and 1 mm or less.
- the thickness of the paper substrate is preferably 0.2 mm or more and 11 mm or less, and the thickness of the transfer material layer 102 is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the peeling protective layer 22 functions as a protective layer that stabilizes peeling of the image receiving layer 23 from the base material 21 and promotes resistance on the surface of the image receiving layer 23, that is, increases resistance.
- the peeling protective layer 22 has light transmittance and is typically transparent.
- various resins such as acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, cellulose resin, melamine resin, and polyimide resin can be used alone.
- a mixture of a plurality of resins among these resins can be used as the material of the peeling protection layer 22, a mixture of a plurality of resins among these resins can be used.
- the thickness of the peeling protective layer 22 is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- various types of waxes, particles, and low molecular substances may be added to the peeling protective layer 22.
- particles particles made of a fluorine-based or silicone-based resin can be used.
- the image receiving layer 23 is made of a material having good adhesion to the adhesive layer 15 of the transfer ribbon 101 shown in FIG.
- the thickness of the image receiving layer 23 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the adhesive layer 15 of the transfer ribbon 101 and the image receiving layer 23 of the intermediate transfer ribbon 201 are brought into close contact with each other, and the transfer material layer 102 is attached to the transfer material layer 102 by a thermal head that is a transfer head that forms image cells via the backcoat layer 16 of the transfer ribbon 101.
- the transfer material layer 102 is transferred to the image receiving layer 23 by heating.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the post-printing intermediate transfer ribbon 301 obtained by transferring the transfer material layer from the transfer ribbon to the intermediate transfer ribbon shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows a state where the transfer material layer 102 of the transfer ribbon 101 is partially transferred to the surface of the image receiving layer 23 of the intermediate transfer ribbon 201.
- An assembly of the plurality of transferred transfer material layers 202 is formed as an image on the surface of the image receiving layer 23. That is, each transfer material layer 202 transferred to the intermediate transfer ribbon 201 is an example of an image cell.
- the shape of the image cell of the transfer material layer 202 transferred by thermal transfer using a thermal head viewed from the observation surface is typically a dot shape or an elongated shape in which dots are connected.
- the shape of each transfer material layer 202 in a plan view facing the surface on which the transfer material layer 202 is formed has a dot shape or an elongated shape in which dots are connected.
- the plurality of image cells are located on a square lattice of a virtual planar lattice or lattice points such as a triangular lattice and a rectangular lattice.
- the minimum distance between the centers of the image cells is preferably 0.085 mm or more and 0.169 mm or less, in other words, about 150 dpi or more and about 300 dpi or less.
- this dimension becomes large, it becomes difficult to display a high-definition image. On the contrary, when this dimension is reduced, the reproducibility of the pattern shape is lowered.
- the resolution of a general thermal head is 0.011 mm or more and 0.021 mm or less, and the resolution is about 1200 dpi or more and 2400 dpi or less. is there. Further, since the transfer ribbon 101 having the relief structure forming layer 13 needs to be transferred with a larger energy than when transferring a general color ribbon, the size of the thermal head is about 0.042 mm. The resolution is about 600 dpi. If the pattern resolution of the transfer material layer 202 is smaller than the resolution of the thermal head, it is easy to form a predetermined interval in the transfer material layers 202 adjacent to each other.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example in which the post-printing intermediate transfer ribbon 301 shown in FIG. 3 is transferred to a personal authentication medium that is an image display device.
- the image receiving layer 23 of the post-printing intermediate transfer ribbon 301 shown in FIG. 3 is brought into close contact with the transfer target 41 of the personal authentication medium 401, and the intermediate transfer ribbon 301 and the personal authentication medium 401 after printing are heated and pressurized to transfer the transfer material.
- the layer 202, the image receiving layer 23, and the peeling protective layer 22 are thermally transferred to the transfer target 41. Thereafter, the substrate 21 of the intermediate transfer ribbon 301 after printing is peeled off from the personal authentication medium 401.
- a method for producing image data when an image display device is manufactured using a transfer ribbon will be described.
- manufacturing the personal authentication medium 401 for example, first, a person's face is photographed using an imaging device. Alternatively, a face image is read from the print. Thereby, image information is obtained as electronic information. The face image is subjected to image processing as necessary.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view schematically showing an example of color separation of an image in this embodiment. From the color image 51 obtained by the image pickup apparatus, the three primary colors of R, G, and B light are color-separated to generate three image data of an R image 52, a G image 53, and a B image 54.
- the color image 51 is expressed with a gradation of 8 bits (256) for each color in a commonly used JPEG file
- the image data of the R image 52, the G image 53, and the B image 54 are It is expressed with 256 gradations.
- the number of gradations that can be expressed is limited, Even if the thermal head is modulated and transferred according to the data value of 256 gradations, it is difficult to express natural gradations. In other words, it is difficult to express the number of gradations equivalent to the number of gradations in the image data of the color image 51 with an image display device formed by using the transfer ribbon and directly modulating the thermal head.
- the thermal head can be modulated by the amount of heat of the thermal head.
- the amount of heat of the thermal head can be modulated by electricity applied to the thermal head.
- the input image is set with a threshold set for each color and each gradation value. And binarize the image for each gradation value. Then, dithering is performed after binarization.
- the gradation of the input image can be expressed in a pseudo manner even with an image having a low gradation.
- a plurality of gradation values are converted into respective gradation values so that R image data 55 for thermal transfer, G image data 56 for thermal transfer, and B image for thermal transfer are transferred. Data 57 is obtained.
- the number of gradations in the input image data of the color image 51 is converted from 256 gradations to 4 gradations which are output gradations of lower gradations.
- the image data is converted into multi-gradation image data having a plurality of gradation values having a smaller number of gradations than the input image data.
- the gradation of each image data is converted into a gradation based on the output gradation value using the threshold value set in the gradation value of the image data 55, 56, 57 of each color. Then, each pixel in the image data is binarized for each gradation. More specifically, for example, when the output gradation is 4 gradations, after binarizing whether or not a pixel having the gradation value is located in each pixel in each of the 0th gradation to the 3rd gradation, Data to be output is generated by dithering the binarized data. The dither processing is performed based on the gradation value and the output gradation value of the input image. Then, the image data 55, 56, and 57 for each color are generated by synthesizing all the gradation data after the dither processing.
- the dither processing is basically a method of expressing a gradation in a pseudo manner by the density of dots, and is a method of diffusing an error after threshold processing by intentionally adding probabilistic noise.
- Dither processing includes a systematic dither method that performs processing according to a dither matrix defined in advance, and an error diffusion method that diffuses errors around.
- the gradation area is an area in which the gradation value of each pixel continuously changes in the order of pixel arrangement in a plurality of pixels constituting the image. Note that, in a gradation region in which gradation values continuously change, the amount of change in gradation value between adjacent pixels is 1 or more and 3 or less, and in a plurality of pixels, In accordance with the order, the gradation value in the pixel changes so that the gradation value continuously increases or the gradation value continuously decreases.
- the multi-tone input image is divided into a plurality of stripe-shaped regions, and further, a tone difference is provided for each tone image in the adjacent region according to the replacement amount.
- the image is converted into a plurality of images having output gradations smaller than the number of gradations of the input image.
- the input image is decomposed with a threshold value set for each gradation value, and binarized for each gradation value to obtain an image of each gradation.
- dither processing is performed for each gradation image.
- the input image data is interleaved before performing the process of making the number of gradations in each of the image data 55, 56, 57 smaller than the number of gradations in the color image 51.
- an image having a gradation value higher than the gradation value of the input image and an image having a gradation value lower than the gradation value of the input image are alternately arranged as shown in FIG. Is done.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view schematically showing an example in which the input image in this embodiment is decomposed into a plurality of regions.
- the gradation area 61 is divided into a plurality of areas, the gradation area 61 is divided into a plurality of areas 62 to 67 having a linear shape extending along one direction. Thereby, the gradation area 61 is divided so that the gradation area 61 has a stripe shape.
- the linear range of the region 62 is extended to the region 63 to form a region 620, and the region 620 is divided into two regions 62a and 62b, and arranged alternately with a gradation difference.
- a gradation difference is formed between the region 62a and the region 62b by using a replacement amount that is a gradation value for generating a gradation difference in the two regions. More specifically, a value obtained by adding the replacement amount to the gradation value set in the region 62 is set as the gradation value in the region 62a, and a value obtained by subtracting the replacement amount from the gradation value set in the region 62 is set in the region 62b. Is set to the gradation value at. Thereby, a gradation difference is generated between the two regions.
- the linear range of the region 64 is expanded to a region 65 to be a region 640, and this region 640 is divided into two regions 64a and 64b, and arranged with a gradation difference.
- the linear range of the region 66 is extended to the region 67 to be a region 660, and this region 660 is divided into two regions 66a and 66b and arranged with a gradation difference.
- the difference in gradation between the region 62a and the region 62b in the region 620 is also obtained.
- the gradation difference is formed by the same method as that for forming.
- the gradation area 61 is composed of information obtained by interleaving a plurality of stripe-shaped areas, and the resolution is halved. That is, the areas 63, 65, and 67 that overlap the expanded areas 620, 640, and 660 are not included in the reconstructed data because the information regarding the areas is thinned out. The resolution in the reconstructed data is halved with respect to the previous data.
- the remaining thinned data can be reflected in the gradation image to make a pseudo-super resolution.
- the same processing as described above is performed for the remaining thinned data, and the gradation image obtained by thinning and the image obtained from the remaining thinned image are averaged in units of pixels.
- the obtained image can be used as a gradation image.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram schematically showing the gradation calculated from the gradation of the input image.
- the graph 71 is a graph for determining the replacement amount of the gradation difference set from the gradation value of the input image.
- the horizontal axis indicates the original gradation value from 0 to 255
- the vertical axis indicates the replacement amount set in accordance with the gradation value of the input image.
- the replacement amount is increased as the gradation is lower, and the gradation value is in the range from 75 to 180.
- the replacement amount is set to 0, and in the high gradation range where the gradation value ranges from 180 to 255, the replacement amount is set to increase as the gradation becomes higher. That is, when determining the replacement amount, the gradation of the input image is divided into three ranges, a low gradation range, an intermediate gradation range, and a high gradation range. In the low gradation range, the lower the gradation value, the larger the gradation difference between the two adjacent areas.
- the higher the gradation value the two adjacent areas.
- the gradation difference between the two is increased.
- the gradation difference is made smaller than the gradation values set in the low gradation range and the high gradation range.
- the replacement amount in each gradation range is set in this way.
- the replacement amount at the gradation value of 60 is 5 from the graph 71.
- the gradation value of the region 62a is set to D1
- the gradation value of the region 62b is set to D2.
- the gradation value after replacement is 0 or less or 256 or more, the gradation value is replaced with 0 or 255, respectively.
- the replacement amount is 0, so that no gradation difference occurs between two adjacent areas.
- the processing as described above is performed in all regions, the resolution is lowered, and the gradation difference that is output is further increased in the region where the gradation difference is originally large. It is also possible to extract the gradation area from the input image and perform processing so that the area is limited to the gradation area where the gradation changes continuously.
- the image is converted into an image having a plurality of gradation numbers smaller than the number of gradations of the input image, and the image is decomposed with a threshold value set for each gradation value.
- FIG. 8 shows the flow of conversion processing from input image to image data for thermal transfer.
- FIG. 8 which is a flow of conversion processing
- FIG. 9 which is a system configuration diagram. Note that the various processes shown in FIG. 8 are processes performed in the image conversion unit described below.
- an input image that is, input image data
- an RGB data input unit S1 to an input image storage device S2
- the input image storage device Stored in S2 An input image is input to the image conversion unit 72 from the input image storage device S2.
- the input image is decomposed into RGB color separation processing 701 shown in FIG.
- the image data of each color of RGB is divided into a plurality of areas by an area dividing process and a gradation difference setting process 702, and a gradation difference is provided between pixels in areas adjacent to each other.
- the image data of each color of RGB is converted into gradations smaller than the number of gradations of the input image by using the threshold value preset for the gradation value of each face image data in the gradation number reduction processing 703. Is done.
- the image data of each color of RGB is decomposed for each gradation value and dithered by the gradation separation processing and dither processing 704.
- each gradation value binarized in the gradation resetting process 705 is set to a preset gradation value.
- the image data of each color of RGB is synthesized with the image data for thermal transfer in the image data synthesis process 706 for thermal transfer, and stored in the image data storage device S3 for thermal transfer.
- the thermal transfer image data stored in the thermal transfer image data storage device S3 is output from the thermal transfer image data output unit S4 to the transfer device T.
- FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram showing an image formed using image data for thermal transfer created using a conversion method in another embodiment
- FIG. 10B is a diagram for thermal transfer created by the conversion method in this embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the image formed using the image data.
- an image file of 256 gradations that is, image data in which gradation values continuously change little by little from the upper left to the lower right on the paper surface is created.
- This image is decomposed into output gradations with a threshold value set for each gradation value, and binarized by dither processing for each gradation value, thereby converting the image data into image data for thermal transfer.
- An image created based on the image data for thermal transfer is an image 73.
- an image 74 is an image formed by using the same image file, that is, image data, and the image data for thermal transfer created by the conversion method in this embodiment. That is, an input image with 256 gradations is divided into a plurality of areas, and gradation differences are provided between images in areas adjacent to each other. Thereafter, the image data is converted into image data for thermal transfer by decomposing into four gradations with a threshold value set for each gradation and by binarizing each gradation value by dithering, An image created based on the image data for thermal transfer is an image 74.
- a stair-like diagonal line that changes from the upper left to the lower right direction on the paper surface can be confirmed, but in the image 74, the diagonal line becomes lighter and gradation expression is improved.
- a straight line extending from the upper left to the lower right on the paper surface can be confirmed at a portion where the gradation value changes in the image 73, while the straight line is confirmed in the image 74. I can hardly do it.
- a part of the transfer material layer formed on the transfer ribbon is transferred to the image receiving layer of the intermediate transfer ribbon.
- the following effects can be obtained when manufacturing an image display device using a plurality of image cells formed on the transfer ribbon.
- thermal transfer is performed so that gradation reproducibility does not deteriorate even when the gradation value continuously changes in the input image.
- Image data can be created.
- the gradation reproducibility in the image data can be suppressed from being lowered in the image display device created using the image data for thermal transfer.
- an input image is divided into a plurality of interleaved regions, and a gradation difference is applied to images in regions adjacent to each other in the plurality of regions.
- a method that includes providing is not limited to this, and even with a method for creating image data for thermal transfer that does not include these two processes, it is possible to convert an input image into a multi-gradation image with a lower number of gradations, According to the method including performing dither processing for each gradation value in FIG. That is, it is possible to create image data for thermal transfer that does not reduce the reproducibility of the gradation of the input image compared to a method of simply converting the input image into a multi-gradation image having a lower number of gradations. it can.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing an example of the configuration of the transfer ribbon in this embodiment.
- the transfer ribbon 801 has the same layer configuration as the transfer ribbon 101 shown in FIG. 1 and is wound in a roll shape.
- the transfer ribbon 801 is divided into a plurality of regions in the length direction, and the structures of the diffractive structures located in the respective regions are different from each other.
- the plurality of regions included in the transfer ribbon 801 include regions having different diffractive structures located in each region.
- the plurality of regions included in the transfer ribbon 801 include an R region 81, a G region 82, and a B region 83, and the regions are repeatedly arranged in the order of description in the length direction.
- the R region 81, the G region 82, and the B region 83 are positioned in the respective regions so that the diffracted light of each color of R, G, and B can be observed when observed at the optimum observation position.
- the spatial frequency of the relief structure is changing. That is, in the R region 81, the G region 82, and the B region 83, the spatial frequencies of the relief structures located in each region are different from each other.
- the positioning mark 84 is provided to align the position of each area with the transfer position where the transfer to the transfer target is performed when printing is performed using each area.
- the positioning mark 84 is a mark that emits diffracted light in a specific direction due to the relief structure.
- an intermediate transfer ribbon having the same layer structure as that of the intermediate transfer ribbon 201 shown in FIG. 2 and wound in a roll shape is prepared.
- the adhesive layer of the transfer ribbon 801 and the image receiving layer of the intermediate transfer ribbon are brought into close contact, and the transfer ribbon 801 is heated from the back coat layer of the transfer ribbon 801 with a thermal head, thereby transferring the transfer material layer to the image receiving layer.
- Form an image By modulating the thermal head according to the gradation value of the image data and transferring each image cell, an image can be formed by transferring the transfer material layer to the image receiving layer.
- the thermal head can be modulated by the amount of heat of the thermal head.
- the amount of heat of the thermal head can be modulated by controlling electricity applied to the thermal head. In order to modulate electricity, the voltage is controlled, the current value is controlled, the electricity is controlled as a pulse, and the pulse is controlled by the ratio of the ON width to the OFF width, or a combination thereof. Can be used.
- a preset value corresponding to the gradation value of the image data can be used as the value of electricity applied to the thermal head.
- the preset value can correspond to the gradation value of each image data to be transferred.
- the preset value can correspond to the gradation value of the image data to be transferred and the gradation value of the image data transferred before that.
- the gradation value of the image data to be transferred and the value transferred before that An overdriven value can be set according to the difference in the gradation value of the image data. Since the gradation used for transfer is smaller than the original image, the number of preset values can be reduced.
- the transfer is performed by superimposing the three primary color data of R, G, and B on the same portion of the intermediate transfer ribbon.
- a color image is formed by using thermal transfer image data for each of R, G, and B in one region for forming a color image in the intermediate transfer ribbon.
- the image cell is transferred.
- the image data for thermal transfer used when forming an image by transferring with a thermal head is the R image data 55 for thermal transfer, the G image data 56 for thermal transfer, and the B image data for thermal transfer shown in FIG. 57 data.
- R image data 55 for thermal transfer transfer to the intermediate transfer ribbon with the thermal head using the R region 81 of the transfer ribbon 801, and with the thermal head in accordance with the G image data 56 for thermal transfer.
- G image data 56 for thermal transfer When transferring, transfer with a thermal head using the G area 82 of the transfer ribbon 801.
- transfer with the thermal head according to the B image data 57 for thermal transfer transfer with the thermal head using the B area 83. I do.
- the intermediate transfer ribbon transferred by the thermal head is observed in this way, a color face image can be observed.
- the image receiving layer of the intermediate transfer ribbon is brought into close contact with the transfer target of the personal authentication medium, and the intermediate transfer ribbon is heated and pressurized to transfer the transfer material layer, the image receiving layer, and the peeling protective layer transferred to the intermediate transfer ribbon. Is thermally transferred to a transfer medium. Thereafter, the base material of the intermediate transfer ribbon is peeled off from the personal authentication medium.
- a part of the transfer material layer formed on the transfer ribbon is transferred to the image receiving layer of the intermediate transfer ribbon, and thereby an image display device using a plurality of image cells formed on the intermediate transfer ribbon.
- the transfer target of the transfer material layer is not limited to the image receiving layer of the intermediate transfer ribbon, but may be an image receiving layer of an image display device such as a personal authentication medium. Even in such a case, an effect equivalent to the case of forming a plurality of image cells on the intermediate transfer ribbon can be obtained.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram schematically showing an example of a printer in this embodiment.
- a printer 901 shown in FIG. 12 is a printer capable of printing an individual information image having a relief structure on a passport booklet.
- the passport booklet inserted into the printer 901 by the booklet insertion unit 902 is in close contact with the primer ribbon 903 and the primer ribbon sent by the primer take-up 906. Then, the primer layer of the primer ribbon is transferred to the transfer target surface of the booklet by the primer transfer head 904 and the primer platen roll 905.
- the primer ribbon used here is used for the booklet in order to increase the adhesive force at the transfer surface on the transfer surface when the transfer surface of the booklet and the intermediate transfer material layer have poor adhesion. It is a ribbon for transferring the primer layer.
- the primer ribbon includes a roll-shaped base material and a primer layer that is releasably supported on the base material, and the material of the primer layer is a heat-sensitive adhesive.
- the central unit sends the transfer ribbon by the transfer ribbon unwinding 907 and the transfer ribbon unwinding 909, and the intermediate transfer ribbon sent from the intermediate transfer ribbon unwinding 911 is brought into close contact with the transfer ribbon.
- the central unit transfers an image from the transfer ribbon to the intermediate transfer ribbon by an image transfer head 908 including a thermal head and an image platen roll 910.
- the transfer process of the image included in the transfer ribbon and the transfer process of the primer layer described above can proceed simultaneously. Therefore, by printing an image on another booklet at the same time when the booklet is put in, the time to proceed to the next process can be shortened. As a result, the total printing time, in other words, printing on a plurality of booklets is performed. The total time required for this can be shortened.
- the intermediate transfer ribbon onto which the image has been transferred is wound up by an intermediate transfer ribbon take-up 912, and the booklet on which the primer layer has been transferred is conveyed by a conveyor, and the image position of the intermediate transfer ribbon and the transfer position of the booklet are determined. Adjust to fit. Further, the closely attached intermediate transfer ribbon and booklet are heated and pressurized by passing through the thermal transfer unit 913, and the transfer material layer, the image receiving layer, and the peeling protection layer transferred to the intermediate transfer ribbon are thermally transferred to the booklet. . Then, the base material of the intermediate transfer ribbon is peeled off by the intermediate transfer ribbon winding 912, and the outermost surface of the booklet becomes a peel protection layer.
- the passport booklet for which printing has been completed is ejected from the printer 901 by the booklet ejection unit 914, whereby the creation of a passport having an image is completed.
- the personal authentication medium as the passport is exemplified, but the above-described technique can be applied to other personal authentication media.
- this technology can be applied to various cards such as a visa and an ID card.
- the material of the transferred body of the personal authentication medium may be other than paper.
- a plastic substrate, a metal substrate, a ceramic substrate, or a glass substrate may be used.
- the image to be displayed on the transfer material layer may include other biological information in addition to the face image, or may include other biological information instead of the face image.
- the image to be displayed on the transfer material layer may include at least one of non-biological personal information and non-personal information in addition to the biological information, and at least one of non-biological personal information and non-personal information instead of the biological information. May be included.
- B image data for thermal transfer 61 ... Gradation area, 62, 63 64, 65, 66, 67 ... area, 62a, 62b, 64a, 64b, 66a, 66b ... area, 620, 640, 660 ... area, 71 ... graph, 72 ... image conversion processing unit, 73 ... image, 7 Image, 801 ... Transfer ribbon, 81 ... R region, 82 ... G region, 83 ... B region, 84 ... Positioning mark, 901 ... Printer, 902 ... Booklet insertion unit, 903 ... Primer unwinding, 904 ... Primer transfer head, 905 ... Primer platen roll, 906 ... Primer winding, 907 ...
- Transfer ribbon winding 908 ... Image transfer head, 909 ... Transfer ribbon winding, 910 ... Image platen roll, 911 ... Intermediate transfer ribbon winding, 912 ... Intermediate transfer Ribbon winding, 913 ... thermal transfer unit, 914 ... booklet discharge unit.
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Abstract
Description
第9の態様は、上記画像形成方法により形成された画像表示デバイスである。
図1に示す転写リボン101は、基材11と、剥離層12によって剥離可能に支持された転写材層102とを含んでいる。
図2に示す中間転写リボン201は、基材21と、剥離保護層22によって剥離可能に支持された受像層23とを含んでいる。基材21は、例えば樹脂フィルム又は樹脂シートである。基材21は、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、トリアセチルセルロース、ポリカーボネート、ポリイミドなどの耐熱性に優れた材料からなる。基材21の受像層23を支持している主面には、例えばフッ素樹脂又はシリコーン樹脂を含んだ離型層が設けられていてもよい。基材21の厚みは、10μm以上、50μm以下であることが好ましい。
カードは、プラスチック、紙、プラスチックの複合材が用いることができ、紙基材は、コットン紙、コート紙を用いることができる。このプラスチックには、塩化ビニル、PET、ポリカーボネートを用いることができる。カードの厚みは、0.2mm以上、1mm以下であることが好ましい。紙基材の厚みは、0.2mm以上、11mm以下であることが好ましい、転写材層102の厚みは、2μm以上、10μm以下であることが好ましい。
撮像装置で得たカラー画像51から、R、G、Bの光の三原色を色分解して、R画像52、G画像53、B画像54の3枚の画像データを作成する。
グラフ71は、入力画像の階調値から設定する階調差の置き換え量を決定するグラフである。グラフ71において、横軸が元の階調値である0から255を示し、縦軸が入力画像の階調値に応じて設定する置き換え量を示している。
図12に示すプリンター901は、パスポート用の冊子にレリーフ構造からなる個別情報画像を印字することが可能なプリンターである。
Claims (9)
- サーマル転写用の画像データの作成方法であって、該サーマル転写用の画像データは、転写リボンに形成された転写材層の一部を受像層に転写して複数の画像セルを形成するために用いられるものであり、前記作成方法は、
多階調の入力画像を、所定の閾値により前記入力画像よりも階調数の少ない多階調の画像に変換することと、
前記画像における階調値ごとにディザ処理を行うことと、を含む
サーマル転写用の画像データの作成方法。 - 前記ディザ処理を行う前に、
前記入力画像をインターリーブした複数の領域に分割することと、
前記複数の領域において、相互に隣り合う領域の画像に階調差を設けることと、をさらに含む
請求項1に記載のサーマル転写用の画像データの作成方法。 - 前記複数の領域に分割することは、前記入力画像をストライプ状に分割することを含む
請求項2に記載のサーマル転写用の画像データの作成方法。 - 前記階調差を設けることは、
前記入力画像の階調を、低階調範囲、中間階調範囲、及び高階調範囲に分けることと、
前記低階調範囲では、前記階調値が低いほど前記階調差を大きくすることと、
前記高階調範囲では、前記階調値が大きいほど前記階調差を大きくすることと、
前記中間階調範囲では、前記階調差を前記低階調範囲及び前記高階調範囲において設定される階調差よりも小さくすることと、を含む
請求項2又は請求項3に記載のサーマル転写用の画像データの作成方法。 - 前記階調差を設ける領域を、前記階調値が連続的に変化している領域のみに限定することをさらに含む
請求項2から4のいずれか1つに記載のサーマル転写用の画像データの作成方法。 - 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1つに記載のサーマル転写用の画像データの作成方法によって作成された画像データを用いて、前記転写リボンに形成された前記転写材層の一部を画像表示デバイスの受像層に転写し、転写された転写材層からなる複数の画像セルで画像を形成する画像形成方法。
- 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1つに記載のサーマル転写用の画像データの作成方法によって作成された画像データを用いて、前記転写リボンに形成された前記転写材層の一部を中間転写リボンの受像層に転写し、転写された転写材層からなる複数の画像セルで画像を形成する画像形成方法。
- 前記転写リボンに形成された前記転写材層は、レリーフ構造を備えている
請求項6または7に記載の画像形成方法。 - 請求項6から8のいずれか1つ記載の画像形成方法により形成された画像表示デバイス。
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EP17756633.8A EP3421249B1 (en) | 2016-02-26 | 2017-02-24 | Thermal transfer image-data creation method, image forming method, and image display device |
CN201780013001.1A CN108698411B (zh) | 2016-02-26 | 2017-02-24 | 热敏转印用的图像数据的制作方法、图像形成方法以及图像显示设备 |
KR1020187023422A KR20180114047A (ko) | 2016-02-26 | 2017-02-24 | 서멀 전사용 화상 데이터의 작성 방법, 화상 형성 방법, 및 화상 표시 디바이스 |
JP2018501787A JP6888608B2 (ja) | 2016-02-26 | 2017-02-24 | サーマル転写用の画像データの作成方法、及び画像形成方法 |
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JP7409318B2 (ja) | 2018-11-27 | 2024-01-09 | Toppanホールディングス株式会社 | 画像データの生成方法、表示体の製造方法、プログラム、コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体及び表示体の製造装置 |
US11909939B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 | 2024-02-20 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Method of generating image data, method of producing display, program, computer-readable storage medium, and display production system |
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US10471736B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 |
US20190016151A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
KR20180114047A (ko) | 2018-10-17 |
CN108698411A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
JP6888608B2 (ja) | 2021-06-16 |
CN108698411B (zh) | 2020-04-10 |
EP3421249B1 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
EP3421249A1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
EP3421249A4 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
JPWO2017146199A1 (ja) | 2019-01-31 |
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