WO2017130977A1 - 組成物、燐光発光性化合物及び発光素子 - Google Patents
組成物、燐光発光性化合物及び発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017130977A1 WO2017130977A1 PCT/JP2017/002377 JP2017002377W WO2017130977A1 WO 2017130977 A1 WO2017130977 A1 WO 2017130977A1 JP 2017002377 W JP2017002377 W JP 2017002377W WO 2017130977 A1 WO2017130977 A1 WO 2017130977A1
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- 0 C*CC(*(*)C(C1C*C1)=C1*)=C(C)*1=C Chemical compound C*CC(*(*)C(C1C*C1)=C1*)=C(C)*1=C 0.000 description 2
- VLUGBJVQPQKCAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(C=CC=CC1c1c2ccc(C)c1)N2c(cc1)ccc1-[n]1c2ccc(C)cc2c2c1cccc2 Chemical compound CC1(C=CC=CC1c1c2ccc(C)c1)N2c(cc1)ccc1-[n]1c2ccc(C)cc2c2c1cccc2 VLUGBJVQPQKCAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOOJVHITYWHBEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1c2cc(-c3ccc(C)cc3)ccc22)ccc1[n]2-c1ccccc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1c2cc(-c3ccc(C)cc3)ccc22)ccc1[n]2-c1ccccc1 YOOJVHITYWHBEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTBRNAVGPWOGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1-c1ccc(C)cn1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1-c1ccc(C)cn1 PTBRNAVGPWOGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJSSEZYEKFDHGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1-c1ncc(C)c2ccccc12 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1-c1ncc(C)c2ccccc12 MJSSEZYEKFDHGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition, a phosphorescent compound and a light emitting device.
- Organic electroluminescence elements (hereinafter also referred to as “light-emitting elements”) can be suitably used for display and lighting applications, and research and development are actively conducted.
- This light-emitting element has an organic layer such as a light-emitting layer and a charge transport layer.
- Patent Document 1 describes a light-emitting element having a light-emitting layer containing an iridium complex (M0) and a compound (H0) represented by the following formula.
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [19].
- a composition comprising a phosphorescent compound represented by formula (1) and a host material, The composition whose quantity of the chlorine atom contained as an impurity in the said phosphorescence-emitting compound is 3.5 mass ppm or less with respect to the solid content whole quantity mix
- M 1 represents a rhodium atom, a palladium atom, an iridium atom or a platinum atom.
- n 1 represents an integer of 1 or more
- n 2 represents an integer of 0 or more
- E 1 and E 2 each independently represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom. However, at least one of E 1 and E 2 is a carbon atom.
- Ring R 1 represents a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, and this ring may have a substituent. When a plurality of such substituents are present, they may be the same or different, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which each is bonded.
- Ring R 1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, and these rings may have a substituent.
- substituents When a plurality of such substituents are present, they may be the same or different, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which each is bonded.
- substituent that ring R 1 may have and the substituent that ring R 2 may have may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which they are bonded.
- a 1 -G 1 -A 2 represents an anionic bidentate ligand.
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent a carbon atom, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom, and these atoms may be atoms constituting a ring.
- G 1 represents a single bond or an atomic group constituting a bidentate ligand together with A 1 and A 2 .
- a 1 -G 1 -A 2 When a plurality of A 1 -G 1 -A 2 are present, they may be the same or different.
- the total amount of the chlorine atoms is 0.1 mass ppm or more and 0.8 mass ppm or less with respect to the total solid content blended in the composition.
- the phosphorescent compound is a compound represented by the formula (1-A). [Where: M 1 , n 1 , n 2 , E 1 and A 1 -G 1 -A 2 represent the same meaning as described above. E11A , E12A , E13A , E21A , E22A , E23A and E24A each independently represent a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom.
- E 11A , E 12A , E 13A , E 21A , E 22A , E 23A and E 24A may be the same or different.
- E 11A is a nitrogen atom
- R 11A may or may not be present.
- E 12A is a nitrogen atom
- E 13A is a nitrogen atom
- E 21A is a nitrogen atom
- E 22A is a nitrogen atom
- E 23A is a nitrogen atom
- E 24A is a nitrogen atom, R 24A does not exist.
- R 11A , R 12A , R 13A , R 21A , R 22A , R 23A and R 24A are each independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, aryl group, aryloxy group, It represents a monovalent heterocyclic group, a substituted amino group or a fluorine atom, and these groups may have a substituent.
- R 11A , R 12A , R 13A , R 21A , R 22A , R 23A and R 24A they may be the same or different.
- R 11A and R 12A , R 12A and R 13A , R 11A and R 21A , R 21A and R 22A , R 22A and R 23A , and R 23A and R 24A are bonded to each other together with the atoms to which they are bonded.
- a ring may be formed.
- Ring R 1A represents a triazole ring or a diazole ring composed of a nitrogen atom, E 1 , E 11A , E 12A and E 13A .
- Ring R 2A represents a benzene ring, a pyridine ring or a pyrimidine ring composed of two carbon atoms, E 21A , E 22A , E 23A and E 24A .
- the phosphorescent compound is a compound represented by the formula (1-A1), a compound represented by the formula (1-A2), a compound represented by the formula (1-A3), or the formula (1- The composition according to [6], which is a compound represented by A4).
- M 1 , n 1 , n 2 , R 11A , R 12A , R 13A , R 21A , R 22A , R 23A , R 24A and A 1 -G 1 -A 2 represent the same meaning as described above. .
- the phosphorescent compound is a compound represented by the formula (1-A3), The composition according to [7], wherein R 11A is an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- Ar H1 and Ar H2 each independently represent an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- n H1 and n H2 each independently represent 0 or 1. When a plurality of n H1 are present, they may be the same or different. A plurality of n H2 may be the same or different.
- n H3 represents an integer of 0 or more.
- L H1 represents an arylene group, a divalent heterocyclic group, or a group represented by — [C (R H11 ) 2 ] n H11 —, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of L H1 are present, they may be the same or different.
- n H11 represents an integer of 1 or more and 10 or less.
- R H11 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent.
- a plurality of R H11 may be the same or different, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the carbon atom to which each is bonded.
- L H2 represents a group represented by —N (—L H21 —R H21 ) —. When a plurality of L H2 are present, they may be the same or different.
- L H21 represents a single bond, an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent.
- R H21 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- a hole transport material, a hole injection material, an electron transport material, an electron injection material, a light emitting material, an antioxidant, and at least one material selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant and a solvent is further contained.
- a phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) A phosphorescent compound wherein the amount of chlorine atoms contained as impurities is 15 mass ppm or less with respect to the total amount of the phosphorescent compound.
- M 1 represents a rhodium atom, a palladium atom, an iridium atom or a platinum atom.
- n 1 represents an integer of 1 or more
- n 2 represents an integer of 0 or more
- n 1 + n 2 is 2 or 3.
- M 1 is a rhodium atom or an iridium atom
- n 1 + n 2 is 3
- M 1 is a palladium atom or a platinum atom
- n 1 + n 2 is 2.
- E 1 and E 2 each independently represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom. However, at least one of E 1 and E 2 is a carbon atom.
- Ring R 1 represents a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, and this ring may have a substituent.
- substituents When a plurality of such substituents are present, they may be the same or different, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which each is bonded.
- rings R 1 When a plurality of rings R 1 are present, they may be the same or different.
- Ring R 2 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, and these rings may have a substituent.
- substituents When a plurality of such substituents are present, they may be the same or different, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which each is bonded.
- rings R 2 When a plurality of rings R 2 are present, they may be the same or different.
- a 1 -G 1 -A 2 represents an anionic bidentate ligand.
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent a carbon atom, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom, and these atoms may be atoms constituting a ring.
- G 1 represents a single bond or an atomic group constituting a bidentate ligand together with A 1 and A 2 .
- a 1 -G 1 -A 2 When a plurality of A 1 -G 1 -A 2 are present, they may be the same or different.
- E 11A When E 11A is a nitrogen atom, R 11A may or may not be present.
- E 12A When E 12A is a nitrogen atom, R 12A may or may not be present.
- E 13A When E 13A is a nitrogen atom, R 13A may or may not be present.
- E 21A is a nitrogen atom, R 21A does not exist.
- E 22A is a nitrogen atom, R 22A does not exist.
- E 23A is a nitrogen atom
- R 23A When E 24A is a nitrogen atom, R 24A does not exist.
- R 11A , R 12A , R 13A , R 21A , R 22A , R 23A and R 24A are each independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, aryl group, aryloxy group, It represents a monovalent heterocyclic group, a substituted amino group or a fluorine atom, and these groups may have a substituent.
- R 11A , R 12A , R 13A , R 21A , R 22A , R 23A and R 24A they may be the same or different.
- R 11A and R 12A , R 12A and R 13A , R 11A and R 21A , R 21A and R 22A , R 22A and R 23A , and R 23A and R 24A are bonded to each other together with the atoms to which they are bonded.
- a ring may be formed.
- Ring R 1A represents a triazole ring or a diazole ring composed of a nitrogen atom, E 1 , E 11A , E 12A and E 13A .
- Ring R 2A represents a benzene ring, a pyridine ring or a pyrimidine ring composed of two carbon atoms, E 21A , E 22A , E 23A and E 24A .
- the phosphorescent compound is a compound represented by the formula (1-A1), a compound represented by the formula (1-A2), a compound represented by the formula (1-A3), or the formula (1- The phosphorescent compound according to [12], which is a compound represented by A4).
- M 1 , n 1 , n 2 , R 11A , R 12A , R 13A , R 21A , R 22A , R 23A , R 24A and A 1 -G 1 -A 2 represent the same meaning as described above. .
- the phosphorescent compound is a compound represented by the formula (1-A3): The phosphorescent compound according to [13], wherein R 11A is an aryl group which may have a substituent. [15] The phosphorescent compound according to any one of [11] to [14], wherein the amount of chlorine atoms contained as the impurities is 0.9 mass ppm or less. [16] The phosphorescent compound according to any one of [11] to [14], wherein the amount of chlorine atoms contained as the impurities is 0.01 mass ppm or more and 12 mass ppm or less.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a composition and a phosphorescent compound useful for producing a light-emitting device in which initial deterioration is sufficiently suppressed.
- a light emitting device in which initial deterioration is sufficiently suppressed.
- Me represents a methyl group
- Et represents an ethyl group
- Bu represents a butyl group
- i-Pr represents an isopropyl group
- t-Bu represents a tert-butyl group.
- the hydrogen atom may be a deuterium atom or a light hydrogen atom.
- the solid line representing the bond with the central metal means a covalent bond or a coordinate bond.
- Polymer compound means a polymer having a molecular weight distribution and having a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 8 .
- the polymer compound may be any of a block copolymer, a random copolymer, an alternating copolymer, and a graft copolymer, or other embodiments.
- the terminal group of the polymer compound is preferably a stable group because if the polymerization active group remains as it is, there is a possibility that the light emission characteristics or the luminance life may be lowered when the polymer compound is used for the production of a light emitting device. It is.
- the terminal group is preferably a group conjugated to the main chain, and examples thereof include a group bonded to an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group via a carbon-carbon bond.
- Low molecular weight compound means a compound having no molecular weight distribution and a molecular weight of 1 ⁇ 10 4 or less.
- “Structural unit” means one or more units present in a polymer compound.
- the “alkyl group” may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linear alkyl group is usually 1 to 50, preferably 3 to 30, and more preferably 4 to 20, excluding the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the branched alkyl group is usually 3 to 50, preferably 3 to 30, and more preferably 4 to 20, excluding the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, 2-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, isoamyl group, 2-ethylbutyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 3-propylheptyl, decyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-hexyldecyl, dodecyl And a group in which a hydrogen atom in these groups is substituted with a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, a fluorine atom or the like.
- a substituent for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, iso
- the number of carbon atoms of the “cycloalkyl group” is usually 3 to 50, preferably 3 to 30, more preferably 4 to 20, excluding the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the cycloalkyl group may have a substituent, and examples thereof include a cyclohexyl group, a cyclohexylmethyl group, and a cyclohexylethyl group.
- Aryl group means an atomic group remaining after removing one hydrogen atom directly bonded to a carbon atom constituting a ring from an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is usually 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 20, more preferably 6 to 10, not including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the “alkoxy group” may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms of the straight-chain alkoxy group is usually 1 to 40, preferably 4 to 10, excluding the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the branched alkoxy group is usually 3 to 40, preferably 4 to 10, excluding the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the alkoxy group may have a substituent, for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, propyloxy group, isopropyloxy group, butyloxy group, isobutyloxy group, tert-butyloxy group, pentyloxy group, hexyloxy group, Heptyloxy group, octyloxy group, 2-ethylhexyloxy group, nonyloxy group, decyloxy group, 3,7-dimethyloctyloxy group, lauryloxy group, and the hydrogen atom in these groups is a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, And a group substituted with a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, a fluorine atom, or the like.
- a substituent for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, propyloxy group, isopropyloxy group, butyloxy group, isobutyloxy group, tert-buty
- the number of carbon atoms of the “cycloalkoxy group” is usually 3 to 40, preferably 4 to 10, not including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the cycloalkoxy group may have a substituent, and examples thereof include a cyclohexyloxy group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the “aryloxy group” is usually 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 48, not including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the aryloxy group may have a substituent, for example, phenoxy group, 1-naphthyloxy group, 2-naphthyloxy group, 1-anthracenyloxy group, 9-anthracenyloxy group, 1- Examples include a pyrenyloxy group and a group in which a hydrogen atom in these groups is substituted with an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, a fluorine atom, or the like.
- the “p-valent heterocyclic group” (p represents an integer of 1 or more) is p of hydrogen atoms directly bonded to a carbon atom or a hetero atom constituting a ring from a heterocyclic compound. This means the remaining atomic group excluding the hydrogen atom. Among the p-valent heterocyclic groups, it is the remaining atomic group obtained by removing p hydrogen atoms from the hydrogen atoms directly bonded to the carbon atoms or heteroatoms constituting the ring from the aromatic heterocyclic compound. A “p-valent aromatic heterocyclic group” is preferable.
- Aromatic heterocyclic compounds '' are oxadiazole, thiadiazole, thiazole, oxazole, thiophene, pyrrole, phosphole, furan, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, triazine, pyridazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, carbazole, dibenzophosphole, etc.
- a compound in which the ring itself exhibits aromaticity, and a heterocyclic ring such as phenoxazine, phenothiazine, dibenzoborol, dibenzosilol, benzopyran itself does not exhibit aromaticity, but the aromatic ring is condensed to the heterocyclic ring Means a compound.
- the number of carbon atoms of the monovalent heterocyclic group is usually 2 to 60, preferably 4 to 20, excluding the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the monovalent heterocyclic group may have a substituent, for example, thienyl group, pyrrolyl group, furyl group, pyridinyl group, piperidinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, triazinyl group, and these And a group in which the hydrogen atom in the group is substituted with an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, or the like.
- Halogen atom means a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom.
- the “amino group” may have a substituent, and a substituted amino group is preferable.
- a substituent which an amino group has an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group is preferable.
- the substituted amino group include a dialkylamino group, a dicycloalkylamino group, and a diarylamino group.
- the amino group include dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, diphenylamino group, bis (4-methylphenyl) amino group, bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) amino group, and bis (3,5-di-tert- Butylphenyl) amino group.
- the “alkenyl group” may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms of the straight chain alkenyl group is usually 2 to 30, preferably 3 to 20, not including the carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the branched alkenyl group is usually 3 to 30, preferably 4 to 20, not including the carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms in the “cycloalkenyl group” is usually 3 to 30, preferably 4 to 20, not including the carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the alkenyl group and the cycloalkenyl group may have a substituent, for example, vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, 3-pentenyl group, 4- Examples thereof include a pentenyl group, a 1-hexenyl group, a 5-hexenyl group, a 7-octenyl group, and groups in which these groups have a substituent.
- the “alkynyl group” may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkynyl group is usually 2 to 20, preferably 3 to 20, not including the carbon atom of the substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the branched alkynyl group is usually from 4 to 30, and preferably from 4 to 20, not including the carbon atom of the substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the “cycloalkynyl group” is usually 4 to 30, preferably 4 to 20, not including the carbon atom of the substituent.
- the alkynyl group and the cycloalkynyl group may have a substituent, for example, an ethynyl group, a 1-propynyl group, a 2-propynyl group, a 2-butynyl group, a 3-butynyl group, a 3-pentynyl group, 4- Examples thereof include a pentynyl group, 1-hexynyl group, 5-hexynyl group, and groups in which these groups have a substituent.
- the “arylene group” means an atomic group remaining after removing two hydrogen atoms directly bonded to a carbon atom constituting a ring from an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the number of carbon atoms of the arylene group is usually 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 30, and more preferably 6 to 18, excluding the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the arylene group may have a substituent, for example, phenylene group, naphthalenediyl group, anthracenediyl group, phenanthrene diyl group, dihydrophenanthenediyl group, naphthacene diyl group, fluorenediyl group, pyrenediyl group, perylene diyl group, Examples include chrysenediyl groups and groups in which these groups have substituents, and groups represented by formulas (A-1) to (A-20) are preferable.
- the arylene group includes a group in which a plurality of these groups are bonded.
- R and R a each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the divalent heterocyclic group is usually 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 20, and more preferably 4 to 15 excluding the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the divalent heterocyclic group may have a substituent, for example, pyridine, diazabenzene, triazine, azanaphthalene, diazanaphthalene, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, dibenzosilol, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, acridine, Divalent acridine, furan, thiophene, azole, diazole, and triazole include divalent groups obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from hydrogen atoms directly bonded to carbon atoms or heteroatoms constituting the ring, and preferably Are groups represented by formula (AA-1) to formula (AA-34).
- the divalent heterocyclic group includes a group in which a plurality of these groups are bonded
- crosslinking group is a group capable of generating a new bond by being subjected to heat treatment, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, near ultraviolet irradiation treatment, visible light irradiation treatment, infrared irradiation treatment, radical reaction, etc.
- the crosslinking groups represented by the formulas (XL-1) to (XL-17) of the crosslinking group A group are preferable.
- R XL represents a methylene group, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- n XL represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- R XL represents a methylene group, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- * 1 represents a binding position.
- “Substituent” means a fluorine atom, cyano group, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, aryloxy group, amino group, substituted amino group, alkenyl group. Represents a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group or a cycloalkynyl group.
- the substituent may be a crosslinking group.
- Chlorine means the element with atomic number 17.
- Bromine means an element having an atomic number of 35.
- the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) is usually a compound (metal complex) that exhibits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.), preferably from a triplet excited state at room temperature (25 ° C.). It is a compound showing luminescence.
- the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) is preferably a compound having a maximum peak wavelength of an emission spectrum of 380 nm or more and less than 495 nm, and more preferably a maximum peak wavelength of an emission spectrum of 400 nm or more and less than 490 nm. More preferably, it is a compound having a maximum peak wavelength of an emission spectrum of 420 nm or more and less than 485 nm, particularly preferably a compound having a maximum peak wavelength of an emission spectrum of 440 nm or more and less than 480 nm, particularly preferably It is a compound having a maximum peak wavelength of an emission spectrum of 460 nm or more and less than 475 nm.
- the maximum peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the phosphorescent compound is obtained by dissolving the phosphorescent compound in an organic solvent such as xylene, toluene, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, etc. to prepare a dilute solution (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 % by mass), and the PL spectrum of the diluted solution can be evaluated by measuring at room temperature.
- Xylene is preferred as the organic solvent for dissolving the phosphorescent compound.
- the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) has a central metal M 1 , a ligand whose number is defined by the subscript n 1 , and a number that is defined by the subscript n 2.
- M 1 is preferably an iridium atom or a platinum atom, and more preferably an iridium atom, since initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is further suppressed.
- M 1 is rhodium atom or an iridium atom, preferably n 1 is 2 or 3, more preferably 3.
- n 1 is preferably 2.
- E 1 and E 2 are preferably carbon atoms.
- Ring R 1 is preferably a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring having 2 to 4 nitrogen atoms as constituent atoms, more preferably a diazole ring or a triazole ring, and preferably a diazole ring. More preferably, these rings may have a substituent.
- Ring R 2 is preferably a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, or a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle, and a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a 6-membered aromatic heterocycle More preferably, it is a ring, more preferably a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and these rings may have a substituent. However, when the ring R 2 is a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, E 2 is a carbon atom.
- the ring R 2 for example, a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a fluorene ring, phenanthrene ring, indene ring, pyridine ring, include Jiazabenzen ring and triazine ring, a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a fluorene ring, a pyridine ring or a pyrimidine ring
- a benzene ring, a pyridine ring or a pyrimidine ring is more preferable, and a benzene ring is more preferable, and these rings may have a substituent.
- Examples of the substituent that the ring R 1 and the ring R 2 may have include a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, or A substituted amino group is preferred, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group is more preferred, and an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group is preferred. Further preferred are aryl groups, and these groups may further have a substituent.
- a phenyl group As the aryl group in the substituent which the ring R 1 and the ring R 2 may have, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a dihydrophenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group or a pyrenyl group is preferable.
- a group, a naphthyl group or a fluorenyl group is more preferable, a phenyl group is more preferable, and these groups may have a substituent.
- Examples of the monovalent heterocyclic group in the substituent that the ring R 1 and the ring R 2 may have include a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, A carbazolyl group, azacarbazolyl group, diazacarbazolyl group, phenoxazinyl group or phenothiazinyl group is preferred, pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, triazinyl group, carbazolyl group, azacarbazolyl group or diazacarbazolyl group is more preferred, pyridyl group, A pyrimidinyl group or a triazinyl group is more preferable, and these groups may have a substituent.
- substituted amino group in the ring R 1 and ring R 2 which may be have, as a substituent having an amino group, an aryl group or a monovalent preferably heterocyclic group, these groups further substituents You may have.
- Examples and preferred ranges of the aryl group in the substituent that the amino group has are the same as examples and preferred ranges of the aryl group in the substituent that the ring R 1 and the ring R 2 may have.
- Examples and preferred ranges of the monovalent heterocyclic group in the substituent that the amino group has are the same as examples and preferred ranges of the monovalent heterocyclic group in the substituent that the ring R 1 and ring R 2 may have. It is.
- Examples of the substituent that the ring R 1 and the ring R 2 may have further include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, a cyclo group.
- Alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups or substituted amino groups are preferred, alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups, monovalent heterocyclic groups or substituted amino groups are more preferred, alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups or monovalent groups.
- a heterocyclic group is more preferred, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group is particularly preferred, and these groups may further have a substituent.
- the aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group or substituted amino group in the substituent that the ring R 1 and the ring R 2 may have is preferable because initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is further suppressed.
- DA formula represented by the formula represented by the formula (DA) or (DC).
- DC particularly preferred is a group represented by the formula (DC).
- m DA1 , m DA2 and m DA3 each independently represent an integer of 0 or more.
- G DA represents a nitrogen atom, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- Ar DA1 , Ar DA2 and Ar DA3 each independently represent an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- T DA represents an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- the plurality of TDAs may be the same or different.
- G DA represents a nitrogen atom, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- a plurality of GDA may be the same or different.
- Ar DA1 , Ar DA2 , Ar DA3 , Ar DA4 , Ar DA5 , Ar DA6 and Ar DA7 each independently represent an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent. Good.
- T DA represents an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- the plurality of TDAs may be the same or different.
- m DA1 represents an integer of 0 or more.
- Ar DA1 represents an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- T DA represents an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- m DA1 , m DA2 , m DA3 , m DA4 , m DA5 , m DA6 and m DA7 are usually an integer of 10 or less, preferably an integer of 5 or less, more preferably an integer of 2 or less, Preferably 0 or 1.
- m DA2 , m DA3 , m DA4 , m DA5 , m DA6 and m DA7 are preferably the same integer, and m DA1 , m DA2 , m DA3 , m DA4 , m DA5 , m DA6 and m DA7 are More preferably, they are the same integer.
- G DA is preferably a group represented by formulas (GDA-11) to (GDA-15), more preferably a group represented by formulas (GDA-11) to (GDA-14), Preferred is a group represented by the formula (GDA-11) or (GDA-14), and particularly preferred is a group represented by the formula (GDA-11).
- *** is, Ar DA3 in the formula (D-A), Ar DA3 in the formula (D-B), Ar DA5 in the formula (D-B), or, the bond between Ar DA7 in the formula (D-B) To express.
- R DA represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may further have a substituent. When there are a plurality of RDA , they may be the same or different. ]
- R DA is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group or a cycloalkoxy group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and these groups have a substituent. May be.
- Ar DA1 , Ar DA2 , Ar DA3 , Ar DA4 , Ar DA5 , Ar DA6 and Ar DA7 are preferably a phenylene group, a fluorenediyl group or a carbazolediyl group, and more preferably formulas (A-1) to (A-1)-( A-3), (A-8), (A-9), (AA-10), (AA-11), (AA-33) or a group represented by (AA-34), more preferably Are groups represented by formulas (ArDA-1) to (ArDA-5), particularly preferably groups represented by formula (ArDA-1) to formula (ArDA-3), and particularly preferably formula (ArDA-1) to (ArDA-5). A group represented by ArDA-1).
- R DA represents the same meaning as described above.
- R DB represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. If R DB there are a plurality, they may be the same or different. ]
- R DB is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and still more preferably an aryl group.
- the group may have a substituent.
- T DA is preferably a group represented by the formulas (TDA-1) to (TDA-3), and more preferably a group represented by the formula (TDA-1).
- the group represented by the formula (DA) is preferably a group represented by the formulas (D-A1) to (D-A4), more preferably the formula (D-A1) or (D-A4). It is group represented by these.
- R p1, R p2, R p3 and R p4 each independently represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group or a fluorine atom.
- R p1 , R p2 and R p4 they may be the same or different.
- np1 represents an integer of 0 to 5
- np2 represents an integer of 0 to 3
- np3 represents 0 or 1
- np4 represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- a plurality of np1 may be the same or different.
- the group represented by the formula (DB) is preferably a group represented by the formulas (D-B1) to (D-B3), more preferably a group represented by the formula (D-B1). is there.
- R p1 , R p2 and R p3 each independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group or a fluorine atom. If R p1 and R p2 is more, or different in each of them the same. np1 represents an integer of 0 to 5, np2 represents an integer of 0 to 3, and np3 represents 0 or 1. When there are a plurality of np1 and np2, they may be the same or different. ]
- the group represented by the formula (DC) is preferably a group represented by the formulas (D-C1) to (D-C4), more preferably the formulas (D-C1) to (D-C3). More preferably a group represented by the formula (D-C1) or (D-C2), and particularly preferably a group represented by the formula (D-C2).
- R p4, R p5 and R p6 each independently represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group or a fluorine atom.
- R p4 , R p5 and R p6 may be the same or different.
- np4 represents an integer of 0 to 4
- np5 represents an integer of 0 to 5
- np6 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- Np1 is preferably 0 or 1, more preferably 1.
- np2 is preferably 0 or 1, more preferably 0.
- np3 is preferably 0.
- np4 is preferably an integer of 0 to 2.
- np5 is preferably an integer of 1 to 3.
- np6 is preferably an integer of 0 to 2.
- R p1 , R p2 , R p3 , R p4 , R p5 and R p6 are preferably alkyl groups or cycloalkyl groups, more preferably methyl groups, ethyl groups, isopropyl groups, tert-butyl groups, hexyl groups, 2-ethylhexyl group, cyclohexyl group, methoxy group, 2-ethylhexyloxy group, tert-octyl group or cyclohexyloxy group, more preferably methyl group, ethyl group, isopropyl group, tert-butyl group, hexyl group, 2 -Ethylhexyl group or tert-octyl group.
- Examples of the group represented by the formula (DA) include groups represented by the formulas (DA-1) to (DA-12).
- R D represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group, a hexyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, a tert-octyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methoxy group, a 2-ethylhexyloxy group, or a cyclohexyloxy group. Represents a group. When two or more RD exists, they may be the same or different. ]
- Examples of the group represented by the formula (DB) include groups represented by the formulas (DB-1) to (DB-4).
- Examples of the group represented by the formula (DC) include groups represented by the formulas (DC-1) to (DC-17).
- RD is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group, a hexyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group or a tert-octyl group.
- At least one ring selected from the group consisting of ring R 1 and ring R 2 has a substituent, and ring R 1 is substituted. It is more preferable to have a group.
- At least one ring selected from the group consisting of ring R 1 and ring R 2 has, preferably an aryl group that may have a substituent or a monovalent that may have a substituent More preferably an aryl group which may have a substituent, and more preferably a formula (D-A1), (D-A4), (D-B1) or (D- Groups represented by C1) to (D-C4), particularly preferably groups represented by formulas (D-C1) to (D-C3), and particularly preferably groups of formula (D-C2). It is group represented by these.
- Anionic bidentate ligand examples of the anionic bidentate ligand represented by A 1 -G 1 -A 2 include a ligand represented by the following formula.
- the anionic bidentate ligand represented by A 1 -G 1 -A 2 may be a ligand represented by the following formula.
- R L1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, or a fluorine atom, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- a plurality of R L1 may be the same or different.
- the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) is preferably a compound represented by the formula (1-A) because the initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is further suppressed.
- ring R 1A is a triazole ring
- a triazole ring in which E 11A and E 12A are nitrogen atoms or a triazole ring in which E 11A and E 13A are nitrogen atoms is preferable, and E 11A and E 12A are nitrogen atoms.
- a triazole ring is more preferred.
- Ring R 1A is preferably a diazole ring.
- Examples and preferred ranges of the aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group and substituted amino group in R 11A , R 12A , R 13A , R 21A , R 22A , R 23A and R 24A are ring R 1 and ring R 2 , respectively.
- R 11A , R 12A , R 13A , R 21A , R 22A , R 23A and R 24A may have and preferred ranges thereof may have ring R 1 and ring R 2. It is the same as the example and preferable range of the substituent which the substituent may further have.
- R 11A is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic ring And more preferably an aryl group, represented by the formula (D-A1), (D-A4), (D-B1) or (D-C1) to (D-C4). And particularly preferably a group represented by the formulas (D-C1) to (D-C3), and particularly preferably a group represented by the formula (D-C2). Preferably, these groups may have a substituent.
- R 11A is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, and a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group Or an aryl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- R 12A is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic ring And more preferably an aryl group, represented by the formula (D-A1), (D-A4), (D-B1) or (D-C1) to (D-C4). And particularly preferably a group represented by the formulas (D-C1) to (D-C3), and particularly preferably a group represented by the formula (D-C2). Preferably, these groups may have a substituent.
- R 12A is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, and a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group Or an aryl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- R 13A is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic ring And more preferably an aryl group, represented by the formula (D-A1), (D-A4), (D-B1) or (D-C1) to (D-C4). And particularly preferably a group represented by the formulas (D-C1) to (D-C3), and particularly preferably a group represented by the formula (D-C2). Preferably, these groups may have a substituent.
- R 13A is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, and a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group Or an aryl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- ring R 2A is a pyridine ring
- a pyridine ring in which E 21A is a nitrogen atom a pyridine ring in which E 22A is a nitrogen atom, or a pyridine ring in which E 23A is a nitrogen atom is preferable, and E 22A is a nitrogen atom.
- Some pyridine rings are more preferred.
- ring R 2A is a pyrimidine ring
- a pyrimidine ring in which E 21A and E 23A are nitrogen atoms or a pyrimidine ring in which E 22A and E 24A are nitrogen atoms is preferable, and E 22A and E 24A are nitrogen atoms.
- a pyrimidine ring is more preferred.
- Ring R 2A is preferably a benzene ring.
- R 21A , R 22A , R 23A and R 24A may be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, a fluorine atom, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group.
- it is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of R 11A , R 12A , R 13A , R 21A , R 22A , R 23A and R 24A is a substituent.
- a group represented by (D-A1), (D-A4), (D-B1) or (D-C1) to (D-C4) is more preferred, and the groups represented by formulas (D-C1) to (D A group represented by —C3) is particularly preferred, and a group represented by formula (D—C2) is particularly preferred.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of R 11A , R 12A , R 13A , R 21A , R 22A , R 23A and R 24A may have an aryl group or a substituent which may have a substituent.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of R 11A , R 12A and R 13A may have an aryl group or a substituent which may have a substituent.
- R 11A or R 12A is more preferably an aryl group which may have a substituent or a monovalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- R 11A is more preferably an aryl group which may have a substituent or a monovalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- R 11A and R 12A , R 12A and R 13A , R 11A and R 21A , R 21A and R 22A , R 22A and R 23A , and R 23A and R 24A are bonded to each other together with the atoms to which they are bonded.
- the ring may form, since the maximum peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) is a short wavelength, R 11A and R 12A , and R 12A and R 13A are It is preferable that no ring is formed.
- R 11A and R 12A, R 12A and R 13A, R 21A and R 22A, R 22A and R 23A, and, R 23A And R 24A preferably do not form a ring, R 11A and R 12A , R 12A and R 13A , R 11A and R 21A , R 21A and R 22A , R 22A and R 23A , and R 23A and R 24A More preferably, does not form a ring.
- the compound represented by the formula (1-A) further suppresses the initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to this embodiment, the compound represented by the formula (1-A1) and the compound represented by the formula (1-A2)
- the compound represented by formula (1-A3) or the compound represented by formula (1-A4) is preferred, and the compound represented by formula (1-A1) or formula (1-A3) ) Is more preferable, and a compound represented by the formula (1-A3) is still more preferable.
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-A1) include compounds represented by the formulas (1-A1-1) to (1-A1-11) shown in Table 1, and preferably the formula (1 Compounds represented by -A1-1) to (1-A1-9), more preferably compounds represented by formulas (1-A1-1) to (1-A1-7).
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-A2) include compounds represented by the formulas (1-A2-1) to (1-A2-8) shown in Table 2, and preferably the formula (1 Compounds represented by -A2-1) to (1-A2-6), more preferably compounds represented by formulas (1-A2-1) to (1-A2-4).
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-A3) include compounds represented by the formulas (1-A3-1) to (1-A3-11) shown in Table 3, preferably the formula (1 Compounds represented by -A3-1) to (1-A3-9), more preferably compounds represented by formulas (1-A3-1) to (1-A3-8).
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-A4) include compounds represented by the formulas (1-A4-1) to (1-A4-8) shown in Table 4, preferably the formula (1 -A4-1) to (1-A4-6), more preferably compounds represented by the formulas (1-A4-1) to (1-A4-5).
- Examples of the compound represented by formula (1) include formulas (1-A1-1) to (1-A1-11), formulas (1-A2-1) to (1-A2-8), formula (1) 1-A3-1) to (1-A3-11), formulas (1-A4-1) to (1-A4-8) and the following formulas (1-A-1) to (1-A-5) And the compounds represented by formulas (1-A1-1) to (1-A1-9), formulas (1-A2-1) to (1-A2-6), formula (1-A3- 1) to (1-A3-9), compounds represented by formulas (1-A4-1) to (1-A4-6) or formulas (1-A-1) to (1-A-5) More preferably, Formulas (1-A1-1) to (1-A1-7), Formulas (1-A2-1) to (1-A2-4), Formulas (1-A3-1) to (1 -A3-8), formulas (1-A4-1) to (1-A4-5) or formula (1-A- ) To (1-A-5), and more preferred are the formulas (1-A1-1) to (1-
- the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) is disclosed in Aldrich, Luminescence Technology Corp. , American Dye Source, etc.
- the amount (C 1 ) of chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula ( 1 ) is usually 15 masses with respect to the total amount of the phosphorescent compound. ppm or less.
- the amount of chlorine atoms contained as impurities is preferably 13 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 9 ppm, because initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is suppressed. It is not more than ppm by mass, more preferably not more than 5 ppm by mass, particularly preferably not more than 1 ppm by mass, particularly preferably not more than 0.9 ppm by mass, and particularly preferably 0 ppm by mass.
- the amount of chlorine atoms contained as impurities is preferably 0.01 mass ppm or more and 12 mass ppm or less because the light emission efficiency of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is excellent. More preferably 0.05 mass ppm to 11 mass ppm, still more preferably 0.1 mass ppm to 10 mass ppm, particularly preferably 0.5 mass ppm to 9 mass ppm, Especially preferably, it is 0.9 mass ppm or more and 9 mass ppm or less.
- the amount of chlorine atoms contained as impurities suppresses the initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to this embodiment, and the light emission efficiency of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is high. Since it is excellent, it is preferably 0.01 ppm to 5 ppm, more preferably 0.05 ppm to 1 ppm, and even more preferably 0.1 ppm to 0.9 ppm. is there.
- the “amount of chlorine atom” can be measured by an automatic combustion-ion chromatography method. That is, the “amount of chlorine atom” means the mass concentration of chlorine as measured by an automatic combustion-ion chromatography method.
- the “amount of chlorine atom” of “0 mass ppm” means that the mass concentration of chlorine is below the detection limit when measured by the automatic combustion-ion chromatography method.
- Example D1 automatic furnace - since the amount of chlorine atom of the phosphorescent compound MC3 measured by ion chromatography is below the detection limit, C 1 is 0 mass ppm.
- Example D2 the amounts of chlorine atoms in phosphorescent compound MC3 and phosphorescent compound MC2 measured by the automatic combustion-ion chromatography method were below the detection limit (ie, 0 mass ppm) and 9 respectively. Mass ppm.
- C 1 may be determined from the amount of the amount and the charge of chlorine atoms contained in each phosphorescent compound, obtained as follows.
- C 1 in Example D3 is obtained as follows.
- Example D4 In analogy to the specific method for calculating the C 1 in Example D1 described above, in Example D4, C 1 is a 9 mass ppm.
- C 1 in Example D5 is obtained as follows.
- C 1 in Comparative Example CD1 is 16 ppm by mass.
- Examples of the method for reducing C 1 include at least one method selected from purification and treatment with a dehalogenating agent.
- Purification includes sublimation, extraction, reprecipitation, recrystallization, chromatography, or adsorption.
- the degree of vacuum and the sublimation temperature may be appropriately set according to the material to be sublimated.
- the degree of vacuum is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 to 1 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 to 1 ⁇ 10 2 Pa, and still more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1 Pa. Particularly preferred is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa.
- the sublimation temperature is preferably ⁇ 100 ° C. to 1000 ° C., more preferably 0 ° C. to 700 ° C., still more preferably 100 ° C. to 500 ° C., and particularly preferably 200 ° C. to 350 ° C.
- the extraction is preferably liquid separation or solid-liquid extraction using a Soxhlet extractor, and more preferably liquid separation.
- the example of the solvent used for extraction is the same as the example of the solvent used for the reaction in the treatment with the dehalogenating agent described later.
- the chromatography is preferably column chromatography.
- silica gel or alumina is preferable.
- Examples of the solvent used for chromatography are the same as those used for the reaction in the treatment with the dehalogenating agent described later.
- Examples of the solvent used for reprecipitation are the same as those used for the reaction in the treatment with the dehalogenating agent described later.
- Examples of the solvent used for recrystallization are the same as those used for the reaction in the treatment with the dehalogenating agent described later.
- the adsorbent is preferably activated carbon, silica gel, alumina or celite.
- the treatment with the adsorbent is usually performed in a solvent.
- the solvent used for the treatment with the adsorbent are the same as the examples of the solvent used for the reaction in the treatment with the dehalogenating agent described later.
- Examples of the treatment with a dehalogenating agent include a method of reducing with a hydride reducing agent and a method of reacting a metal or an organometallic compound.
- hydride reducing agents include alkali metal hydrides and alkaline earth metal hydrides such as sodium hydride, lithium hydride, calcium hydride and magnesium hydride; lithium aluminum hydride (LAH), diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) And aluminum hydride compounds such as sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminum hydride (Red-Al); diborane (B 2 H 6 ), sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) and lithium triethylborohydride (Super-Hydride) Borohydride compounds such as silane; silicon hydride compounds such as silane (SiH 4 ) and triethylsilane (Et 3 SiH); and tin hydride compounds such as stannane (SnH 4 ) and tributyltin hydride (TBT).
- alkali metal hydrides and alkaline earth metal hydrides such as sodium hydride, lithium hydride, calcium
- examples of the metal include lithium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc.
- examples of the organometallic compound include organolithium compounds such as butyllithium and phenyllithium; organomagnesium compounds such as Grignard reagents; and organozinc compounds such as diethylzinc.
- Processing by dehalogenating agent, it is possible to further reduce the C 1, is preferably a method of reacting a compound represented by formula (Z1).
- R Z1 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent.
- Z Z1 represents a group selected from the group consisting of the substituent group Z.
- R C2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, these groups may have a substituent.
- R C2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, these groups may have a substituent.
- R C2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, these groups may have a substituent.
- R C2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, these groups may have a substituent.
- R C2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, these groups may have a substituent.
- R C2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, these groups may have a substitu
- a group represented by BF 3 Q ′ (wherein Q ′ represents Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs); -A group represented by MgY '(wherein Y' represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom); A group represented by —ZnY ′′ (wherein Y ′′ represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom); -Sn (R C3) 3 (wherein, R C3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, these groups may have a substituent. More existing R C3 is The groups may be the same or different and may be linked to each other to form a ring structure together with the tin atoms to which they are bonded.
- Examples of the group represented by —B (OR C2 ) 2 include groups represented by the following formulas (W-1)-(W-10).
- R Z1 is preferably an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably an aryl group, still more preferably a phenyl group, and these groups may have a substituent.
- R Z1 may have is preferably a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryloxy group, or a substituted amino group. More preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, still more preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an alkoxy group, particularly preferably an alkyl group or A cycloalkyl group, and these groups may further have a substituent.
- the group selected from the substituent group Z is preferably a group represented by —B (OR C2 ) 2 , more preferably a group represented by the formula (W-7).
- the treatment with the dehalogenating agent is usually performed in a solvent.
- the solvent used in the reaction include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol; diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane, cyclopentyl methyl ether, diglyme.
- Ether solvents such as methylene chloride and chloroform; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile; hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, decalin, toluene, xylene and mesitylene; N, N-dimethylformamide, N Amide solvents such as N, dimethylacetamide; acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water.
- a solvent may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
- the amount of the solvent used is usually 10 to 100,000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1).
- the reaction time is usually 30 minutes to 150 hours, and the reaction temperature is usually between the melting point and boiling point of the solvent present in the reaction system.
- a catalyst such as a palladium catalyst and a nickel catalyst may be used to accelerate the reaction.
- the palladium catalyst include palladium acetate, bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) dichloride, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0), [1,1′-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium ( II), tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0).
- nickel catalyst examples include tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) nickel (0), [1,3-bis (diphenylphosphino) propane) nickel (II) dichloride, bis (1,4-cyclooctadiene) nickel (0 ).
- a catalyst may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
- the amount of the catalyst used is usually 0.00001 to 3 molar equivalents as the amount of transition metal relative to the total number of moles of the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1).
- Palladium catalyst or nickel catalyst is used in combination with phosphorus compounds such as triphenylphosphine, tri (o-tolyl) phosphine, tri (tert-butyl) phosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, 1,1′-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene. May be.
- a phosphorus compound may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
- a base and a phase transfer catalyst may be used to promote the reaction. Moreover, you may use a catalyst and a base and / or a phase transfer catalyst together as needed.
- Examples of the base and phase transfer catalyst include inorganic bases such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, tripotassium phosphate; tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrahydroxide Examples thereof include organic bases such as butylammonium; phase transfer catalysts such as tetrabutylammonium chloride and tetrabutylammonium bromide. Each of the base and the phase transfer catalyst may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the base and the phase transfer catalyst used is usually 0.001 to 100 molar equivalents relative to the total number of moles of the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1).
- the reduction method of C 1 since it is possible to further reduce the C 1, it is preferable to perform the treatment by dehalogenation agent, it is more preferable that both treatment with purification and dehalogenating agent, sublimation and / or re It is more preferable to perform both the crystal and the treatment with the dehalogenating agent, and it is particularly preferable to perform both the recrystallization and the treatment with the dehalogenating agent.
- the host material is a compound composed of typical elements excluding chlorine atoms.
- the host material preferably has at least one function selected from the group consisting of light emitting property, hole injecting property, hole transporting property, electron injecting property, and electron transporting property, hole injecting property, hole transporting property, It is more preferable to have at least one function selected from the group consisting of electron injecting properties and electron transporting properties.
- the energy equivalent to T 1 of the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) A level or a higher energy level is preferable.
- a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, a Group 13 element, a Group 14 element (however, excluding a carbon atom), a Group 15 element, a Group 16 element, and a fluorine atom are used.
- the compound comprised is mentioned, Preferably, the compound comprised from a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom, or a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, a boron atom, a silicon atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom , A compound composed of one or more atoms selected from a selenium atom and a fluorine atom, more preferably a compound composed of a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom, or a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, and nitrogen A compound composed of one or more atoms selected from an atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom.
- a compound composed of one or more selected atoms particularly preferably a compound composed of one or more selected from a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, and a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom, Particularly preferred is a compound composed of a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom.
- the host material is classified into a low molecular compound (hereinafter also referred to as “low molecular host material”) and a high molecular compound (hereinafter also referred to as “polymer host material”), and is preferably a low molecular compound. .
- polymer host material examples include a polymer compound that is a hole transport material described later and a polymer compound that is an electron transport material described later.
- Low molecular weight host material examples include a compound having an aromatic hydrocarbon ring composed of a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom, and a heterocyclic compound composed of a typical element, and composed of a typical element. Heterocyclic compounds are preferred.
- the heterocyclic compound in the low-molecular host material is preferably one selected from a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, a Group 13 element, a Group 14 element, a Group 15 element, a Group 16 element, and a fluorine atom.
- a heterocyclic compound composed of the above atoms more preferably a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, a boron atom, a silicon atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom and a fluorine atom.
- the substituent that the aromatic hydrocarbon ring and the heterocyclic ring may have is preferably a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryloxy group, An aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, more preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, still more preferably An alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, particularly preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, particularly preferably a monovalent heterocyclic group. It is a cyclic group, and these groups may further have a substituent.
- the heterocyclic compound is preferably a low-molecular compound having an aromatic heterocyclic ring that may have a substituent (that is, an aromatic heterocyclic compound).
- the preferred range of atoms constituting the aromatic heterocycle is the same as the preferred range of atoms constituting the heterocyclic ring in the low molecular weight host material.
- the preferred range of the substituent that the aromatic heterocyclic ring may have is the same as the preferred range of the substituent that the heterocyclic ring in the low molecular host material may have.
- aromatic hydrocarbon ring in the low molecular weight host material examples include a benzene ring, naphthalene ring, anthracene ring, fluorene ring, spirobifluorene ring, phenanthrene ring, dihydrophenanthrene ring, pyrene ring, chrysene ring and triphenylene ring.
- a benzene ring, naphthalene ring, fluorene ring, spirobifluorene ring, phenanthrene ring, dihydrophenanthrene ring, chrysene ring or triphenylene ring Preferably a benzene ring, fluorene ring or spirobifluorene ring, More preferred are benzene rings, and these rings may have a substituent.
- heterocyclic ring in the low molecular weight host material examples include, for example, a pyrrole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, oxadiazole ring, thiadiazole ring, thiazole ring, oxazole ring, pyridine ring, diazabenzene ring, triazine ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, Examples include quinazoline ring, quinoxaline ring, phenanthroline ring, dibenzofuran ring, dibenzothiophene ring, dibenzosilole ring, dibenzophosphole ring, carbazole ring, azacarbazole ring, diazacarbazole ring, phenoxazine ring and phenothiazine ring, preferably Pyridine ring, diazabenzene ring, triazine ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, quinazoline ring
- the low molecular host material is preferably a compound represented by the formula (H-1).
- Ar H1 and Ar H2 are phenyl group, fluorenyl group, spirobifluorenyl group, pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, thienyl group, benzothienyl group, dibenzothienyl group, furyl group, benzofuryl Group, dibenzofuryl group, pyrrolyl group, indolyl group, azaindolyl group, carbazolyl group, azacarbazolyl group, diazacarbazolyl group, phenoxazinyl group or phenothiazinyl group, phenyl group, spirobifluorenyl group, A pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, triazinyl group, dibenzothienyl group, dibenzofuryl group, carbazolyl group or azacarbazolyl group is more prefer
- Ar H1 and Ar H2 may have, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group is preferable, and an alkyl group, a cyclo An alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a cycloalkoxy group is more preferable, an alkyl group or a cycloalkoxy group is more preferable, and these groups may further have a substituent.
- n H1 is preferably 1.
- n H2 is preferably 0.
- n H3 is generally an integer of 0 or more and 10 or less, preferably an integer of 0 or more and 5 or less, more preferably an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less, and particularly preferably 1.
- n H11 is preferably an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less, more preferably an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less, and even more preferably 1.
- R H11 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. It is more preferable that these groups may have a substituent.
- L H1 is preferably an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group.
- L H1 represents formulas (A-1) to (A-3), formulas (A-8) to (A-10), formulas (AA-1) to (AA-6), formulas (AA-10) to It is preferably a group represented by (AA-21) or formulas (AA-24) to (AA-34).
- Formula (AA-4), formula (AA-10), formula (AA-12) or formula (AA ⁇ 14) is particularly preferable, and the group represented by formula (A-1), formula (A-2), formula (AA-2), formula (AA-4), formula (AA-10), A group represented by formula (AA-12) or formula (AA-14) is particularly preferred, and a group represented by formula (AA-10), formula (AA-12) or formula (AA-14) Is more preferable, and a group represented by the formula (AA-14) is most preferable.
- L H1 may have, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group is preferable, and an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group A group or a monovalent heterocyclic group is more preferable, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group is further preferable, and these groups may further have a substituent.
- L H21 is preferably a single bond or an arylene group, more preferably a single bond, and this arylene group may have a substituent.
- the definition and examples of the arylene group or divalent heterocyclic group represented by L H21 are the same as the definitions and examples of the arylene group or divalent heterocyclic group represented by L H1 .
- R H21 is preferably an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- R H21 The definitions and examples of the aryl group and monovalent heterocyclic group represented by R H21 are the same as the definitions and examples of the aryl group and monovalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar H1 and Ar H2 .
- the compound represented by the formula (H-1) is preferably a compound represented by the formula (H-2).
- Examples of the low molecular weight host material include compounds represented by the following formulas (H-101) to (H-118).
- Low molecular weight host materials are available from Aldrich, Luminescence Technology Corp. Etc. are available.
- Method for reducing the amount of chlorine atoms (C H ) contained in the low molecular weight host material examples include at least one method selected from purification and treatment with a dehalogenating agent, and are included in the low molecular weight host material. Since the amount of chlorine atoms can be further reduced, purification is preferred, sublimation and / or recrystallization is more preferred, and sublimation is even more preferred.
- processing by purification and dehalogenating agent in a method of reducing the amount of chlorine atoms included in the low molecular host material definition and preferred ranges are examples of treatment with purification and dehalogenating agent in a method of reducing C 1 described above Are the same as defined and preferred ranges.
- the amount of the solvent used is usually 10 to 100,000 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the low molecular host material in total. is there.
- the amount of the catalyst used is usually 0 relative to the amount of transition metal relative to the total number of moles of the low molecular weight host material. 0.0001-3 molar equivalents.
- the amount of the base and the phase transfer catalyst used is usually 0. 001 to 100 molar equivalents.
- the amount (C H ) of chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the host material is not particularly limited, but is usually less than 50 ppm by mass with respect to the total amount of the host material, and the initial deterioration of the light-emitting device according to this embodiment is reduced. Therefore, it is preferably less than 30 ppm by mass, more preferably 9 ppm by mass or less, still more preferably 5 ppm by mass or less, particularly preferably 1 ppm by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0 ppm by mass. It is.
- the specific calculation method of C H can be obtained in the same manner as the specific calculation method of C 1 described above.
- Example D1 the C H is 0 mass ppm.
- composition is a composition in which a phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) and a host material are blended, and the amount of chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the phosphorescent compound is determined by the composition. It is 3.5 mass ppm or less with respect to the solid content whole quantity mix
- the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) may be blended singly or in combination of two or more.
- the host material may be mix
- the total amount of chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the phosphorescent compound and chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the host material is based on the total amount of solid content blended in the composition. Since the initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to the present invention is suppressed, it is preferably 3.5 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 3.1 ppm by mass or less, still more preferably 2.7 ppm by mass or less, and particularly preferably. Is not more than 2.3 ppm by weight, particularly preferably not more than 1.8 ppm by weight, particularly preferably not more than 1.2 ppm by weight, still more preferably not more than 0.8 ppm by weight, and even more preferably. The amount is preferably 0.3 ppm by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0 ppm by mass.
- the composition according to the present embodiment has a total amount of chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the phosphorescent compound and chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the host material with respect to the total amount of solid content blended in the composition. Since the light emitting efficiency of the light emitting device according to the embodiment is excellent, it is preferably 0.01 ppm by mass to 3.0 ppm by mass, more preferably 0.02 ppm by mass to 2.7 ppm by mass, and still more preferably. Is 0.05 mass ppm or more and 2.5 mass ppm or less, particularly preferably 0.1 mass ppm or more and 2.3 mass ppm or less, and particularly preferably 0.2 mass ppm or more and 2.3 mass ppm or less. is there.
- the composition according to the present embodiment has a total amount of chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the phosphorescent compound and chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the host material with respect to the total amount of solid content blended in the composition. Since the initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to the embodiment is suppressed and the light emission efficiency of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is excellent, it is preferably 0.01 ppm by mass or more and 2.3 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 0.
- It is 0.02 mass ppm or more and 1.8 mass ppm or less, More preferably, it is 0.05 mass ppm or more and 1.2 mass ppm or less, Especially preferably, it is 0.1 mass ppm or more and 0.8 mass ppm or less.
- the solid content blended in the composition according to the present embodiment is only a phosphorescent compound and a host material
- chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the phosphorescent compound and chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the host material when the solid content blended in the composition according to the present embodiment is only a phosphorescent compound and a host material, chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the phosphorescent compound and chlorine atoms contained as impurities in the host material.
- the total amount (mass ppm) is the ratio of the mass of the phosphorescent compound represented by formula (1) to the total mass of the phosphorescent compound represented by formula (1) and the host material by W 1 , formula ( to the total weight of the phosphorescent compound and a host material represented by 1), when the ratio of the total weight of the host material was set to W H, is represented by C 1 W 1 + C H W H.
- W 1 is usually 0.0001 to 0.90, and is preferably 0.01 to 0.60, since initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is further suppressed, and is preferably 0.10 to More preferably, it is 0.40.
- WH is usually 0.1 to 0.9999, and is preferably 0.40 to 0.99, because initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is further suppressed, and is preferably 0.60 to 0.99. More preferably, it is 0.90.
- Specific method for calculating the W H can be determined in the same manner as the specific method for calculating the W 1.
- C 1 W 1 + C H W H can be calculated by calculating C 1 , C H , W 1 and W H.
- C 1 W 1 + C H W H in Example D1 is determined as follows.
- C 1 W 1 + C H W H in Example D2 is determined as follows.
- C 1 W 1 + C H W H in Example D3 is determined as follows.
- C 1 W 1 + C H W H of Example D4 is determined as follows.
- C 1 W 1 + C H W H in Example D5 is determined as follows.
- C 1 W 1 + C H W H in Comparative Example CD1 is determined as follows.
- C 1 W 1 + C H W H is 3.5 mass ppm or less, and the initial deterioration of the light-emitting device according to this embodiment is suppressed, so that it is preferably 3.1 mass ppm or less, more preferably 2. 7 mass ppm or less, more preferably 2.3 mass ppm or less, particularly preferably 1.8 mass ppm or less, particularly preferably 1.2 mass ppm, and even more preferably 0.8 mass. ppm or less, even more preferably 0.3 ppm by mass or less, and most preferably 0 ppm by mass.
- C 1 W 1 + C H W H is preferably 0.01 mass ppm or more and 3.0 mass ppm or less, more preferably 0.02 mass because the light emitting efficiency of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is excellent.
- ppm to 2.7 mass ppm more preferably 0.05 mass ppm to 2.5 mass ppm, particularly preferably 0.1 mass ppm to 2.3 mass ppm, and particularly preferably. It is 0.2 mass ppm or more and 2.3 mass ppm or less.
- C 1 W 1 + C H W H is preferably 0.01 mass ppm or more because initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is suppressed and the light emission efficiency of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is excellent. It is 2.3 mass ppm or less, More preferably, it is 0.02 mass ppm or more and 1.8 mass ppm or less, More preferably, it is 0.05 mass ppm or more and 1.2 mass ppm or less, Especially preferably, it is 0.00. It is 1 mass ppm or more and 0.8 mass ppm or less.
- composition according to this embodiment preferably further satisfies the formula (2 ′).
- Formula (2 ′) is preferably Formula (2′-1), more preferably Formula (2′-2), still more preferably Formula (2′-3), and particularly preferably Formula (2′-3). 2′-4), particularly preferably the formula (2′-5).
- the blending amount of the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) in the composition according to this embodiment is not particularly limited, but is 0.01 to 90% by mass based on the total solid content blended in the composition. It may be 1 to 60% by mass, more preferably 10 to 40% by mass.
- the blending amount of the host material in the composition according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but may be 10 to 99.99% by mass based on the total solid content blended in the composition, and 40 to 99% by mass. It is preferable that the content is 60 to 90% by mass.
- the composition according to this embodiment is a hole transport material, a hole injection material, an electron transport material, an electron injection material, a light emitting material (different from the phosphorescent compound and the host material represented by the formula (1)).
- at least one material selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant and a solvent may be further contained.
- the hole transport material, the hole injection material, the electron transport material, and the electron injection material are different from the host material.
- composition according to this embodiment further contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of a hole transport material, a hole injection material, an electron transport material, an electron injection material, a light emitting material, and an antioxidant
- the amount of chlorine atoms contained in these materials is preferably reduced by at least one method selected from the above-described purification and the above-described treatment with a dehalogenating agent.
- the hole transport material is classified into a low molecular compound and a high molecular compound, and is preferably a high molecular compound.
- the hole transport material may have a crosslinking group.
- polymer compound examples include polyvinyl carbazole and derivatives thereof; polyarylene having an aromatic amine structure in the side chain or main chain and derivatives thereof.
- the polymer compound may be a compound to which an electron accepting site is bonded. Examples of the electron accepting site include fullerene, tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane, tetracyanoethylene, trinitrofluorenone, and fullerene is preferable.
- the compounding amount of the hole transport material is usually 1 to 400 mass when the total of the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) and the host material is 100 mass parts. Part, preferably 5 to 150 parts by weight.
- the hole transport material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Electron transport materials are classified into low molecular compounds and high molecular compounds.
- the electron transport material may have a crosslinking group.
- low molecular weight compound examples include metal complexes having 8-hydroxyquinoline as a ligand, oxadiazole, anthraquinodimethane, benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane, fluorenone, diphenyldicyanoethylene, and diphenoquinone. As well as these derivatives.
- polymer compound examples include polyphenylene, polyfluorene, and derivatives thereof.
- the polymer compound may be doped with a metal.
- the compounding amount of the electron transport material is usually 1 to 400 parts by mass when the total of the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) and the host material is 100 parts by mass.
- the amount is 5 to 150 parts by mass.
- the electron transport material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the hole injection material and the electron injection material are classified into a low molecular compound and a high molecular compound, respectively.
- the hole injection material and the electron injection material may have a crosslinking group.
- low molecular weight compounds include metal phthalocyanines such as copper phthalocyanine; carbon; metal oxides such as molybdenum and tungsten; and metal fluorides such as lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, cesium fluoride, and potassium fluoride.
- metal phthalocyanines such as copper phthalocyanine
- carbon such as carbon
- metal oxides such as molybdenum and tungsten
- metal fluorides such as lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, cesium fluoride, and potassium fluoride.
- polymer compound examples include polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyphenylene vinylene, polythienylene vinylene, polyquinoline and polyquinoxaline, and derivatives thereof; conductive polymers such as polymers containing an aromatic amine structure in the main chain or side chain. A functional polymer.
- the amount of the hole injection material and the electron injection material is 100 parts by mass when the total of the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) and the host material is 100 parts by mass, respectively. Usually, it is 1 to 400 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 150 parts by mass.
- the electron injection material and the hole injection material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the electrical conductivity of the conductive polymer is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm to 1 ⁇ 10 3 S / cm.
- the conductive polymer can be doped with an appropriate amount of ions.
- the kind of ions to be doped is an anion for a hole injection material and a cation for an electron injection material.
- the anion include polystyrene sulfonate ion, alkylbenzene sulfonate ion, and camphor sulfonate ion.
- the cation include lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, and tetrabutylammonium ion.
- the ions to be doped may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Luminescent materials (different from the phosphorescent compound and host material represented by the formula (1)) are classified into low molecular compounds and high molecular compounds.
- the light emitting material may have a crosslinking group.
- Examples of the low molecular weight compound include naphthalene and derivatives thereof, anthracene and derivatives thereof, and perylene and derivatives thereof.
- Examples of the polymer compound include phenylene group, naphthalenediyl group, anthracenediyl group, fluorenediyl group, phenanthrene diyl group, dihydrophenanthenediyl group, group represented by formula (X), carbazole diyl group, phenoxazine diyl. And a polymer compound containing a group, a phenothiazinediyl group, a pyrenediyl group, and the like.
- the light emitting material preferably contains a triplet light emitting complex and a polymer compound.
- triplet light-emitting complex examples include the metal complexes shown below.
- the blending amount of the light emitting material is usually 0.1 to 400 mass when the total of the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) and the host material is 100 mass parts. Part, preferably 1 to 150 parts by weight.
- Fluorescent materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the antioxidant may be any compound that is soluble in the same solvent as the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) and the host material and does not inhibit light emission and charge transport.
- a phenol-based antioxidant, Phosphorus antioxidant is mentioned.
- the blending amount of the antioxidant is usually 0.001 to 10 when the total of the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) and the host material is 100 parts by mass. Part by mass.
- Antioxidants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- [ink] A composition (hereinafter also referred to as “ink”) containing a phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1), a host material, and a solvent is prepared by spin coating, casting, micro gravure coating, gravure. Coating methods, bar coating methods, roll coating methods, wire bar coating methods, dip coating methods, spray coating methods, screen printing methods, flexographic printing methods, offset printing methods, ink jet printing methods, capillary coating methods, nozzle coating methods, etc. It can be suitably used for the coating method.
- the viscosity of the ink may be adjusted depending on the type of coating method, but when a solution such as an inkjet printing method is applied to a printing method that passes through a discharge device, clogging and flight bending at the time of discharge are less likely to occur.
- the pressure is preferably 1 to 20 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C.
- the solvent contained in the ink is preferably a solvent that can dissolve or uniformly disperse the solid content in the ink.
- the solvent include chlorine solvents such as 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene; ether solvents such as THF, dioxane, anisole and 4-methylanisole; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as xylene, mesitylene, ethylbenzene, n-hexylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene; cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n- Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as decane, n-dodecane, and bicyclohexyl; ketone solvents such as acetone,
- the amount of the solvent is usually 1000 to 100,000 parts by weight, preferably 2000 to 20000, where the total of the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) and the host material is 100 parts by weight. Part by mass.
- the light emitting device is a light emitting device including an organic layer containing the organic layer containing the composition according to this embodiment or an organic layer containing the phosphorescent compound according to this embodiment.
- an electrode composed of an anode and a cathode and an organic layer containing the composition according to the present embodiment provided between the electrodes or the phosphorescent compound according to the present embodiment May be included in the organic layer.
- the organic layer containing the composition according to this embodiment and the organic layer containing the phosphorescent compound according to this embodiment are usually a light emitting layer, a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection. It is at least one layer selected from the group consisting of layers, and is preferably a light emitting layer. Each of these layers contains a light emitting material, a hole transport material, a hole injection material, an electron transport material, and an electron injection material. Each of these layers is formed using the ink prepared by dissolving the light emitting material, the hole transporting material, the hole injecting material, the electron transporting material, and the electron injecting material in the above solvent. It can be formed using the same method.
- the light emitting element has a light emitting layer between the anode and the cathode.
- the light emitting device according to the present embodiment preferably has at least one layer of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer between the anode and the light emitting layer from the viewpoint of hole injection property and hole transport property. From the viewpoint of electron injecting property and electron transporting property, it is preferable to have at least one layer of an electron injecting layer and an electron transporting layer between the cathode and the light emitting layer.
- the hole transport layer As materials for the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer, the light emitting layer, the hole injection layer, and the electron injection layer, in addition to the composition according to the present embodiment and the phosphorescent compound according to the present embodiment, examples thereof include a hole transport material, an electron transport material, a light emitting material, a hole injection material, and an electron injection material.
- the hole transport material used for forming the hole transport layer includes a structural unit represented by the following formula (X) and a formula (3).
- a polymer compound containing at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of the structural unit represented by formula (4) and the structural unit represented by formula (4) (hereinafter also referred to as “polymer compound of hole transport layer”). ) Is preferred.
- the polymer compound of the hole transport layer may further contain a structural unit represented by the following formula (Y).
- a X1 and a X2 each independently represent an integer of 0 or more.
- Ar X1 and Ar X3 each independently represent an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- Ar X2 and Ar X4 each independently represent an arylene group, a divalent heterocyclic group, or a divalent group in which at least one arylene group and at least one divalent heterocyclic group are directly bonded to each other. And these groups may have a substituent.
- Ar X2 and Ar X4 When a plurality of Ar X2 and Ar X4 are present, they may be the same or different.
- R X1 , R X2 and R X3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent.
- R X2 and R X3 may be the same or different.
- a X1 is preferably 2 or less, more preferably 1 because initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to the present embodiment is further suppressed.
- a X2 is preferably 2 or less, more preferably 0, because initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is further suppressed.
- R X1 , R X2 and R X3 are preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably an aryl group, and these groups have a substituent. Also good.
- the arylene group represented by Ar X1 and Ar X3 is more preferably a group represented by Formula (A-1) or Formula (A-9), and even more preferably represented by Formula (A-1). These groups may have a substituent.
- the divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar X1 and Ar X3 is more preferably represented by the formula (AA-1), formula (AA-2) or formula (AA-7)-(AA-26). These groups may have a substituent.
- Ar X1 and Ar X3 are preferably an arylene group which may have a substituent.
- the arylene group represented by Ar X2 and Ar X4 is more preferably the formula (A-1), the formula (A-6), the formula (A-7), the formula (A-9)-(A-11). Or a group represented by formula (A-19), and these groups each optionally have a substituent.
- the more preferable range of the divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar X2 and Ar X4 is the same as the more preferable range of the divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar X1 and Ar X3 .
- Further preferred ranges are the same as the more preferred ranges and further preferred ranges of the arylene group and divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar X1 and Ar X3 , respectively.
- At least one arylene group represented by Ar X2 and Ar X4 and at least one divalent heterocyclic group are directly bonded
- at least represented by Ar Y1 in the formula (Y) examples thereof include the same divalent groups in which one kind of arylene group and at least one kind of divalent heterocyclic group are directly bonded.
- Ar X2 and Ar X4 are preferably an arylene group which may have a substituent.
- the substituent represented by the groups represented by Ar X1 to Ar X4 and R X1 to R X3 is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, and these groups further have a substituent. You may do it.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (X) is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (X-1)-(X-7), more preferably the formula (X-1)-(X-6). And more preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (X-3)-(X-6).
- R X4 and R X5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a fluorine atom, a monovalent heterocyclic group or cyano. Represents a group, and these groups may have a substituent.
- a plurality of R X4 may be the same or different.
- a plurality of R X5 may be the same or different, and adjacent R X5 may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the carbon atom to which each is bonded.
- Examples of the structural unit represented by the formula (X) include structural units represented by the formulas (X1-1)-(X1-11), and preferably the formula (X1-3)-(X1-10). ).
- the structural unit represented by the formula (X) may be included alone or in combination of two or more.
- the hole transport layer is a layer containing the polymer compound of the hole transport layer as it is.
- the hole transport layer may be a layer containing a polymer compound in a molecule or between molecules, or cross-linked between molecules and between molecules (crosslinked product).
- the layer is preferably a layer containing a cross-linked polymer compound.
- the cross-linked product of the polymer compound in the hole transport layer may be one in which the polymer compound in the hole transport layer and another material are cross-linked between molecules.
- the total amount of the structural units contained in the polymer compound of the hole transport layer is The amount is preferably 1 to 99 mol%, more preferably 10 to 80 mol%, still more preferably 20 to 70 mol%.
- nA represents an integer of 0 to 5, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- Ar 1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- L A is an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent heterocyclic group, the group represented by -NR'-, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, these groups have a substituent Also good.
- R ′ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- X represents a crosslinking group represented by any one of the above formulas (XL-1) to (XL-17). When two or more X exists, they may be the same or different. ]
- NA is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably an integer of 0 to 2, because the light emitting device according to this embodiment has excellent light emission efficiency.
- N is preferably 1 or 2 and more preferably 2 because the light-emitting efficiency of the light-emitting device according to this embodiment is excellent.
- Ar 1 is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent since the light emitting device according to this embodiment has excellent light emission efficiency.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by Ar 1 is usually 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 30, and more preferably 6 to 18, excluding the number of carbon atoms of the substituent. is there.
- the arylene group portion excluding n substituents of the aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by Ar 1 is preferably a group represented by the formula (A-1) to the formula (A-20), More preferably, groups represented by formula (A-1), formula (A-2), formula (A-6) to formula (A-10), formula (A-19) or formula (A-20) And more preferably a group represented by formula (A-1), formula (A-2), formula (A-7), formula (A-9) or formula (A-19).
- the number of carbon atoms of the heterocyclic group represented by Ar 1 is usually 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 30, more preferably 4 to 18, excluding the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the divalent heterocyclic group moiety excluding n substituents of the heterocyclic group represented by Ar 1 is preferably a group represented by the formulas (AA-1) to (AA-34). .
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group and heterocyclic group represented by Ar 1 may have a substituent.
- substituents that the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the heterocyclic group may have include, for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a fluorine atom, and a monovalent A heterocyclic group and a cyano group are mentioned.
- Alkylene group represented by L A is not including the carbon atom number of substituent is usually 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, more preferably 1 to 10. Cycloalkylene group represented by L A is not including the carbon atom number of substituent is usually 3 to 20.
- the alkylene group and the cycloalkylene group may have a substituent, and examples thereof include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a hexylene group, a cyclohexylene group, and an octylene group.
- Alkylene group and cycloalkylene group represented by L A may have a substituent.
- substituents that the alkylene group and cycloalkylene group may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, a fluorine atom, and a cyano group.
- Arylene group represented by L A may have a substituent.
- the arylene group is preferably a phenylene group or a fluorenediyl group, more preferably an m-phenylene group, a p-phenylene group, a fluorene-2,7-diyl group, or a fluorene-9,9-diyl group.
- the substituent that the arylene group may have include, for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, and a bridge. Examples thereof include a crosslinking group selected from the group A.
- the divalent heterocyclic group represented by L A preferably a group of the formula (AA-1) ⁇ (AA -34).
- an arylene group or an alkylene group preferably a phenylene group, fluorenediyl group or an alkylene group, these The group may have a substituent.
- the crosslinkable group represented by X is preferably a compound of the formula (XL-1), (XL-3), (XL-7) to (XL-) because the crosslinkability of the polymer compound in the hole transport layer is excellent. 10), (XL-16) or (XL-17), and more preferably a crosslinking group represented by the formula (XL-1), (XL-3), (XL-9), (XL-16) ) Or (XL-17), more preferably a crosslinking group represented by the formula (XL-1), (XL-16) or (XL-17), particularly preferably And a crosslinking group represented by the formula (XL-1) or (XL-17).
- the structural unit represented by the formula (3) is preferably 1 with respect to the total amount of the structural units contained in the polymer compound of the hole transport layer since the crosslinkability of the polymer compound of the hole transport layer is excellent. It is -90 mol%, More preferably, it is 3-75 mol%, More preferably, it is 5-60 mol%.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (3) may be included in the polymer compound of the hole transport layer alone or in combination of two or more.
- mA represents an integer of 0 to 5
- m represents an integer of 1 to 4
- c represents 0 or 1.
- Ar 3 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group, or a group in which at least one aromatic hydrocarbon ring and at least one heterocyclic ring are directly bonded, and these groups have a substituent. It may be.
- Ar 2 and Ar 4 each independently represent an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 are each bonded to a group other than the group bonded to the nitrogen atom to which the group is bonded, directly or via an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, to form a ring. It may be.
- K A is an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent heterocyclic group, -NR '' - represents a group represented by an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom in these groups have a substituent May be.
- R ′′ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- X ′ represents a bridging group, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group represented by any of the above formulas (XL-1) to (XL-17), This group may have a substituent. However, at least one X ′ is a bridging group represented by any of the above formulas (XL-1) to (XL-17). ]
- MA is preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and even more preferably 0, because the light emitting device according to this embodiment has excellent light emission efficiency.
- M is preferably 1 or 2 and more preferably 2 because the light-emitting efficiency of the light-emitting device according to this embodiment is excellent.
- C is preferably 0 because it facilitates the synthesis of the polymer compound of the hole transport layer and the light emission efficiency of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is excellent.
- Ar 3 is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent since the light emitting efficiency of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is excellent.
- the definition and example of the arylene group part excluding m substituents of the aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by Ar 3 are the same as the definition and example of the arylene group represented by Ar X2 in the aforementioned formula (X). It is.
- the definition and example of the divalent heterocyclic group part excluding m substituents of the heterocyclic group represented by Ar 3 are the divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar X2 in the aforementioned formula (X).
- the definition and example of the part are the same.
- the definition and examples of the divalent group excluding m substituents of the group in which at least one aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by Ar 3 and at least one heterocycle are directly bonded are defined by the above formula (
- the definition and examples of the divalent group in which at least one arylene group represented by Ar X2 and at least one divalent heterocyclic group directly bonded to each other in X) are the same.
- Ar 2 and Ar 4 are preferably an arylene group which may have a substituent since initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to this embodiment is suppressed.
- the definitions and examples of the arylene group represented by Ar 2 and Ar 4 are the same as the definitions and examples of the arylene group represented by Ar X1 and Ar X3 in the above formula (X).
- the definitions and examples of the divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar 2 and Ar 4 are the same as the definitions and examples of the divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar X1 and Ar X3 in the aforementioned formula (X). is there.
- the groups represented by Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, Examples thereof include a fluorine atom, a monovalent heterocyclic group, and a cyano group.
- the definition and examples of the cyclic group are the same.
- K A since the synthesis of the polymer compound of the hole transport layer is facilitated, preferably a phenylene group or an alkylene group, these groups may have a substituent.
- crosslinking group represented by X ′ are the same as the definition and example of the crosslinking group represented by X described above.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (4) is preferably 1 with respect to the total amount of the structural units contained in the polymer compound of the hole transport layer since the crosslinkability of the polymer compound of the hole transport layer is excellent. It is ⁇ 90 mol%, more preferably 3 to 50 mol%, still more preferably 5 to 20 mol%.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (4) may be included in the polymer compound of the hole transport layer only in one kind, or in two or more kinds.
- Examples of the structural unit represented by formula (3) include structural units represented by formula (3-1) to formula (3-30).
- Examples of the structural unit represented by formula (4) include: Examples thereof include structural units represented by formulas (4-1) to (4-9).
- it is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (3-1) to the formula (3-30), more preferably the formula ( (3-1) to (3-15), (3-19), (3-20), (3-23), (3-25) or (3-30)
- Ar Y1 represents an arylene group, a divalent heterocyclic group, or a divalent group in which at least one arylene group and at least one divalent heterocyclic group are directly bonded, and these This group may have a substituent.
- the arylene group represented by Ar Y1 is more preferably a formula (A-1), a formula (A-2), a formula (A-6)-(A-10), a formula (A-19) or a formula (A-19) A-20), more preferably a group represented by formula (A-1), formula (A-2), formula (A-7), formula (A-9) or formula (A-19). These groups may have a substituent.
- the divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar Y1 is represented by the formula (AA-1)-(AA-4), formula (AA-10)-(AA-15), formula (AA-18) A group represented by formula (AA-21), formula (AA-33) or formula (AA-34), more preferably formula (AA-4), formula (AA-10), formula (AA- 12), a group represented by formula (AA-14) or formula (AA-33), and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- the ranges are the same as the more preferable ranges and further preferable ranges of the arylene group and divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar Y1 described above.
- divalent group in which at least one arylene group and at least one divalent heterocyclic group are directly bonded examples include groups represented by the following formulas, which have a substituent. You may do it.
- R XX represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- R XX is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- the substituent that the group represented by Ar Y1 may have is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and these groups may further have a substituent.
- Examples of the structural unit represented by the formula (Y) include structural units represented by the formulas (Y-1)-(Y-10), from the viewpoint of the initial deterioration of the light emitting device according to this embodiment. Is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (Y-1)-(Y-3), and preferably represented by the formula (Y-8)-(Y-10) from the viewpoint of hole transportability. Is a structural unit.
- R Y1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- a plurality of R Y1 may be the same or different, and adjacent R Y1 may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the carbon atom to which each is bonded.
- R Y1 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (Y-1) is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (Y-1 ′).
- R Y11 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- a plurality of R Y11 may be the same or different.
- R Y11 is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- R Y1 represents the same meaning as described above.
- X Y1 is, -C (R Y2) 2 -
- R Y2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent.
- a plurality of R Y2 may be the same or different, and R Y2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the carbon atom to which each is bonded. ]
- R Y2 is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, and these groups have a substituent. You may do it.
- the combination of two R Y2 in the group represented by —C (R Y2 ) 2 — is preferably such that both are alkyl groups or cycloalkyl groups, both are aryl groups, and both are monovalent complex
- R Y2 s may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which they are bonded, and when R Y2 forms a ring, the group represented by —C (R Y2 ) 2 — Is preferably a group represented by the formula (Y-A1)-(Y-A5), more preferably a group represented by the formula (Y-A4), and these groups have a substituent. It may be.
- the combination of two R Y2 in the group represented by —C (R Y2 ) ⁇ C (R Y2 ) — is preferably both an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, or one of which is an alkyl group Alternatively, a cycloalkyl group and the other is an aryl group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- R Y2 in the group represented by —C (R Y2 ) 2 —C (R Y2 ) 2 — are preferably an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent. It is. A plurality of R Y2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which each is bonded. When R Y2 forms a ring, —C (R Y2 ) 2 —C (R Y2 ) 2 —
- the group represented is preferably a group represented by the formula (Y-B1)-(Y-B5), more preferably a group represented by the formula (Y-B3). These groups are substituted It may have a group.
- R Y2 represents the same meaning as described above.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (Y-2) is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (Y-2 ′).
- the structural unit represented by the formula (Y-3) is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (Y-3 ′).
- R Y1 represents the same meaning as described above.
- R Y3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent.
- R Y3 is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably an aryl group, and these groups have a substituent. May be.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (Y-4) is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (Y-4 ′), and the structural unit represented by the formula (Y-6) is represented by the formula (Y-4).
- the structural unit represented by ⁇ 6 ′) is preferred.
- R Y1 represents the same meaning as described above.
- R Y4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- R Y4 is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably an aryl group, and these groups have a substituent. May be.
- a structural unit composed of a divalent group directly bonded to the group preferably a structural unit composed of an arylene group represented by the formula (Y-101) to the formula (Y-121):
- a structural unit composed of a divalent heterocyclic group represented by formula (Y-206), at least one arylene group represented by formula (Y-301) to formula (Y-304), and at least one kind are structural units composed of a divalent group directly bonded to the divalent heterocyclic group.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (Y) may be included in the polymer compound of the hole transport layer in only one kind or in two or more kinds.
- the electron transport material contained in the electron transport layer is represented by the structural unit represented by the formula (ET-1) and the formula (ET-2).
- a polymer compound containing at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of structural units (hereinafter, also referred to as “polymer compound of an electron transport layer”) is preferable.
- nE1 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- Ar E1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent other than R E1 .
- R E1 represents a group represented by the formula (ES-1). When a plurality of R E1 are present, they may be the same or different. ]
- nE3 represents an integer of 0 or more
- aE1 represents an integer of 1 or more
- bE1 represents an integer of 0 or more
- mE1 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- R E3 is a single bond
- mE1 is 1.
- aE1 and bE1 are selected so that the charge of the group represented by the formula (ES-1) becomes zero.
- R E3 represents a single bond, a hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group or —O—R E3 ′ (R E3 ′ represents a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group), and these groups have a substituent. It may be.
- Q E1 represents an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an arylene group, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of Q E1 are present, they may be the same or different.
- Y E1 represents —CO 2 ⁇ , —SO 3 ⁇ , —SO 2 — or —PO 3 2 ⁇ . When a plurality of Y E1 are present, they may be the same or different.
- M E1 represents an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation or an ammonium cation, and this ammonium cation may have a substituent. When a plurality of M E1 are present, they may be the same or different.
- Z E1 is F ⁇ , OH ⁇ , B (R E4 ) 4 ⁇ , R E4 SO 3 ⁇ , R E4 COO ⁇ , NO 3 ⁇ , SO 4 2 ⁇ , HSO 4 ⁇ , PO 4 3 ⁇ , HPO 4 2. -, H 2 PO 4 -, BF 4 - or PF 6 - represents a.
- R E4 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of Z E1 are present, they may be the same or different. ]
- NE1 is usually an integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group represented by Ar E1 include 1,4-phenylene group, 1,3-phenylene group, 1,2-phenylene group, 2,6-naphthalenediyl group, 1,4 Hydrogen bonded directly to the atoms constituting the ring from a naphthalenediyl group, a 2,7-fluorenediyl group, a 3,6-fluorenediyl group, a 2,7-phenanthrenediyl group or a 2,7-carbazolediyl group
- a group excluding n1 atoms is preferable, and may have a substituent other than R E1 .
- Examples of the substituent other than R E1 that Ar E1 may have include a fluorine atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, and an aryloxy group.
- n ′, m ′ and nx each independently represents an integer of 1 or more.
- NE3 is usually an integer of 0 to 10, preferably an integer of 0 to 8, more preferably an integer of 0 to 2.
- AE1 is usually an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 or 2.
- BE1 is usually an integer of 0 to 10, preferably an integer of 0 to 4, and more preferably 0 or 1.
- ME1 is usually an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1.
- R E3 is —O—R E3 ′
- the group represented by the formula (ES-1) is a group represented by the following formula. -O-R E3 '- ⁇ (Q E1 ) nE3 -Y E1 (M E1 ) aE1 (Z E1 ) bE1 ⁇ mE1
- R E3 is preferably a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, more preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and still more preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- R E3 may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, and a group represented by the formula (ES-3).
- the group represented by 3) is preferred.
- Q E1 is preferably an alkylene group, an arylene group, or an oxygen atom, and more preferably an alkylene group or an oxygen atom.
- Y E1 is preferably —CO 2 ⁇ , —SO 2 — or PO 3 2- , and more preferably —CO 2 — .
- Examples of the alkali metal cation represented by M E1 include Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + , and K + , Rb +, and Cs + are preferable, and Cs + is more preferable.
- Examples of the alkaline earth metal cation represented by M E1 include Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , and Ba 2+ , with Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+, and Ba 2+ being preferred, and Ba 2+. Is more preferable.
- M E1 is preferably an alkali metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation, more preferably an alkali metal cation.
- Z E1 is preferably F ⁇ , OH ⁇ , B (R E4 ) 4 ⁇ , R E4 SO 3 ⁇ , R E4 COO ⁇ or NO 3 — , and F ⁇ , OH ⁇ , R E4 SO 3 — or R E4.
- COO - is preferable.
- R E4 is preferably an alkyl group.
- Examples of the group represented by the formula (ES-1) include a group represented by the following formula.
- M + represents Li + , Na + , K + , Cs + or N (CH 3 ) 4 + .
- M + represents Li + , Na + , K + , Cs + or N (CH 3 ) 4 + .
- M + may be the same or different.
- nE2 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- Ar E2 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent other than R E2 .
- R E2 represents a group represented by the formula (ES-2). When a plurality of R E2 are present, they may be the same or different. ]
- nE4 represents an integer of 0 or more
- aE2 represents an integer of 1 or more
- bE2 represents an integer of 0 or more
- mE2 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- nE4 represents an integer of 0 or more
- aE2 represents an integer of 1 or more
- bE2 represents an integer of 0 or more
- mE2 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- R E5 represents a single bond, a hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group or —O—R E5 ′ (R E5 ′ represents a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group), and these groups have a substituent. It may be.
- Q E2 represents an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an arylene group, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of Q E2 are present, they may be the same or different.
- Y E2 represents -C + R E6 2 , -N + R E6 3 , -P + R E6 3 , -S + R E6 2 or -I + R E6 2 .
- R E6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- a plurality of R E6 may be the same or different.
- M E2 represents F ⁇ , OH ⁇ , B (R E7 ) 4 ⁇ , R E7 SO 3 ⁇ , R E7 COO ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , or SbF 6 ⁇ .
- R E7 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- Z E2 represents an alkali metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation. When a plurality of Z E2 are present, they may be the same or different.
- NE2 is usually an integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group represented by Ar E2 include 1,4-phenylene group, 1,3-phenylene group, 1,2-phenylene group, 2,6-naphthalenediyl group, 1,4 Hydrogen bonded directly to the atoms constituting the ring from a naphthalenediyl group, a 2,7-fluorenediyl group, a 3,6-fluorenediyl group, a 2,7-phenanthenediyl group or a 2,7-carbazolediyl group
- a group excluding nE2 atoms is preferable, and may have a substituent other than R E2 .
- the substituent group other than Ar E2 is may have R E2, is the same as the substituent other than optionally Ar E1 is have R E1.
- NE4 is generally an integer of 0 to 10, preferably an integer of 0 to 8, and more preferably an integer of 0 to 2.
- AE2 is usually an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 or 2.
- BE2 is usually an integer of 0 to 10, preferably an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably 0 or 1.
- ME2 is usually an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1.
- R E5 is —O—R E5 ′
- the group represented by the formula (ES-2) is a group represented by the following formula. -O-R E5 '- ⁇ (Q E1 ) nE3 -Y E1 (M E1 ) aE1 (Z E1 ) bE1 ⁇ mE1
- R E5 is preferably a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, more preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and still more preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- R E5 may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, and a group represented by the formula (ES-3).
- the group represented by 3) is preferred.
- Q E2 is preferably an alkylene group, an arylene group or an oxygen atom, more preferably an alkylene group or an oxygen atom.
- Y E2 is preferably -C + R E6 2 , -N + R E6 3 , -P + R E6 3 or -S + R E6 2, more preferably -N + R E6 3 .
- R E6 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- M E2 is preferably F ⁇ , B (R E7 ) 4 ⁇ , R E7 SO 3 ⁇ , R E7 COO ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ or SbF 6 ⁇ , and B (R E7 ) 4 ⁇ , R E7 COO ⁇ or SbF 6- is more preferred.
- R E7 is preferably an alkyl group.
- Examples of the alkali metal cation represented by Z E2 include Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + , and Li + , Na +, or K + is preferable.
- alkaline earth metal cation represented by Z E2 for example, Be 2+, Mg 2+, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+ are mentioned, Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ are preferred.
- Z E2 is preferably an alkali metal cation.
- Examples of the group represented by the formula (ES-2) include a group represented by the following formula.
- X ⁇ represents F ⁇ , B (C 6 H 5 ) 4 ⁇ , CH 3 COO ⁇ or CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ .
- X ⁇ represents F ⁇ , B (C 6 H 5 ) 4 ⁇ , CH 3 COO ⁇ or CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ .
- X ⁇ represents F ⁇ , B (C 6 H 5 ) 4 ⁇ , CH 3 COO ⁇ or CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ .
- X ⁇ represents F ⁇ , B (C 6 H 5 ) 4 ⁇ , CH 3 COO ⁇ or CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ .
- Examples of the structural units represented by formula (ET-1) and formula (ET-2) include structural units represented by the following formula (ET-31) to formula (ET-38).
- Examples of the polymer compound for the electron transport layer include, for example, JP2009-239279A, JP2012-033845A, JP2012-216281A, JP2012-216822A, and JP2012-216815A. It can be synthesized according to the method described in 1.
- the material of the hole transport layer, the material of the electron transport layer, and the material of the light emitting layer are used as solvents used in forming the layer adjacent to the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer, and the light emitting layer, respectively, in the production of the light emitting element.
- the material When dissolved, the material preferably has a cross-linking group in order to avoid dissolution of the material in the solvent. After forming each layer using a material having a crosslinking group, the layer can be insolubilized by crosslinking the crosslinking group.
- each layer such as a light emitting layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, a hole injection layer, and an electron injection layer
- a low molecular weight compound for example, from powder
- the method include a vacuum deposition method and a method of forming a film from a solution or a molten state.
- a polymer compound for example, a method of forming a film from a solution or a molten state is used.
- the order, number and thickness of the layers to be laminated are adjusted in consideration of the external quantum efficiency and the luminance lifetime.
- the substrate in the light-emitting element may be any substrate that can form electrodes and does not change chemically when the organic layer is formed.
- the substrate is made of a material such as glass, plastic, or silicon.
- the electrode farthest from the substrate is preferably transparent or translucent.
- Examples of the material for the anode include conductive metal oxides and translucent metals, preferably indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide; indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide, etc.
- conductive metal oxides and translucent metals preferably indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide; indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide, etc.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- Examples of the material of the cathode include metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum, zinc, indium; two or more kinds of alloys thereof; Alloys of at least one species and at least one of silver, copper, manganese, titanium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, and tin; and graphite and graphite intercalation compounds.
- Examples of the alloy include a magnesium-silver alloy, a magnesium-indium alloy, a magnesium-aluminum alloy, an indium-silver alloy, a lithium-aluminum alloy, a lithium-magnesium alloy, a lithium-indium alloy, and a calcium-aluminum alloy.
- Each of the anode and the cathode may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- the planar anode and the cathode may be arranged so as to overlap each other.
- a method of forming an anode or a cathode, or both electrodes in a pattern is a method.
- a segment type display device capable of displaying numbers, characters, and the like can be obtained.
- both the anode and the cathode may be formed in stripes and arranged orthogonally. Partial color display and multicolor display are possible by a method of separately coating a plurality of types of polymer compounds having different emission colors, or a method using a color filter or a fluorescence conversion filter.
- the dot matrix display device can be driven passively or can be driven actively in combination with TFTs. These display devices can be used for displays of computers, televisions, portable terminals and the like.
- the planar light emitting element can be suitably used as a planar light source for backlight of a liquid crystal display device or a planar illumination light source. If a flexible substrate is used, it can be used as a curved light source and display device.
- one aspect of the present invention may relate to a composition in which a phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1) having a residual chlorine concentration of 15 mass ppm or less and a host material are blended.
- the residual chlorine concentration of the phosphorescent compound is synonymous with the amount of chlorine atoms (C 1 ) contained in the phosphorescent compound represented by the formula (1).
- the residual chlorine concentration of the phosphorescent compound was C 1 (ppm), and the ratio (mass ratio) of the blended amount of the phosphorescent compound to the total solid content blended in the composition was W 1 .
- the composition may satisfy the following formula (i). C 1 ⁇ W 1 ⁇ 3.5 (i)
- the composition may satisfy the following formula (ii). C 1 ⁇ W 1 + C 2 ⁇ W 2 ⁇ 3.5 (ii)
- Another aspect of the present invention is a step of preparing a crude purified product of a phosphorescent compound represented by formula (1) having a residual chlorine concentration of more than 15 ppm by mass, and a residual chlorine concentration of 15 from the crude purified product.
- the present invention may relate to a method for purifying a composition comprising a step of obtaining a purified product of a phosphorescent compound having a mass ppm or less and a step of obtaining a composition in which the purified product and a host material are blended.
- the polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight (Mn) and polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer compound were determined by the following size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using tetrahydrofuran as the mobile phase. .
- SEC size exclusion chromatography
- the polymer compound to be measured was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran at a concentration of about 0.05% by mass, and 10 ⁇ L was injected into SEC. The mobile phase was run at a flow rate of 2.0 mL / min.
- PLgel MIXED-B manufactured by Polymer Laboratories
- a UV-VIS detector manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: SPD-10Avp was used as the detector.
- LC-MS was measured by the following method.
- the measurement sample was dissolved in chloroform or tetrahydrofuran to a concentration of about 2 mg / mL, and about 1 ⁇ L was injected into LC-MS (manufactured by Agilent, trade name: 1100LCMSD).
- the mobile phase of LC-MS was used while changing the ratio of acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran, and was allowed to flow at a flow rate of 0.2 mL / min.
- the column used was L-column 2 ODS (3 ⁇ m) (manufactured by Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, inner diameter: 2.1 mm, length: 100 mm, particle size: 3 ⁇ m).
- TLC-MS was measured by the following method. A measurement sample is dissolved in any solvent of toluene, tetrahydrofuran or chloroform at an arbitrary concentration, and applied on a TLC plate for DART (trade name: YSK5-100, manufactured by Techno Applications), and TLC-MS (JEOL Ltd.) (Trade name: JMS-T100TD (The AccuTOF TLC)). The helium gas temperature during measurement was adjusted in the range of 200 to 400 ° C.
- NMR NMR was measured by the following method. About 5 to 10 mg of a measurement sample, about 0.5 mL of heavy chloroform (CDCl 3 ), heavy tetrahydrofuran, heavy dimethyl sulfoxide, heavy acetone, heavy N, N-dimethylformamide, heavy toluene, heavy methanol, heavy ethanol, heavy 2-propanol Alternatively, it was dissolved in methylene chloride and measured using an NMR apparatus (manufactured by Agilent, trade name: INOVA300 or MERCURY 400VX).
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- Kaseisorb LC ODS 2000 manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry
- ODS column As the column, Kaseisorb LC ODS 2000 (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry) or an ODS column having equivalent performance was used.
- the detector a photodiode array detector (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: SPD-M20A) was used.
- the maximum peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the phosphorescent compound was measured at room temperature with a spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, FP-6500).
- a xylene solution in which a phosphorescent compound was dissolved in xylene at a concentration of about 0.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mass% was used as a sample.
- excitation light UV light having a wavelength of 325 nm was used.
- the amount of bromine atoms and the amount of chlorine atoms contained in the phosphorescent compound and the host material were measured by an automatic combustion-ion chromatography method.
- combustion decomposition was performed using an automatic sample combustion apparatus AQF-2100H manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech, and subsequent ion chromatography was performed using an ion chromatography system ICS-2100 manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific. .
- Step 2 Synthesis of polymer compound HTL-1 (Step 1) After making the inside of the reaction vessel an inert gas atmosphere, Compound M1 (0.923 g), Compound M2 (0.0496 g), Compound M3 (0. 917 g), dichlorobis (tris-o-methoxyphenylphosphine) palladium (1.76 mg) and toluene (34 mL) were added, and the mixture was heated to 105 ° C. (Step 2) A 20 mass% tetraethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (6.7 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction solution, and the mixture was refluxed for 6 hours.
- Step 3 After the reaction, phenylboronic acid (48.8 mg) and dichlorobis (tris-o-methoxyphenylphosphine) palladium (0.88 mg) were added thereto and refluxed for 14.5 hours.
- Step 4 Thereafter, an aqueous sodium diethyldithiacarbamate solution was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. After cooling, the resulting reaction solution was washed twice with water, twice with a 3% by mass aqueous acetic acid solution and twice with water, and when the resulting solution was added dropwise to methanol, precipitation occurred.
- the obtained precipitate was dissolved in toluene and purified by passing through an alumina column and a silica gel column in this order.
- the obtained solution was added dropwise to methanol and stirred, and then the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to obtain 1.23 g of a polymer compound HTL-1.
- the polymer compound HTL-1 had a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 2.3 ⁇ 10 4 and a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 .
- the theoretical value obtained from the amount of charged raw materials for polymer compound HTL-1 is that the structural unit derived from compound M1, the structural unit derived from compound M2, and the structural unit derived from compound M3 are: It is a copolymer formed by a molar ratio of 45: 5: 50.
- Step 2 Then, 12 mass% sodium carbonate aqueous solution (40.3 mL) was dripped there, and it was made to recirculate
- Step 3 phenylboronic acid (0.47 g) and dichlorobis (tris-o-methoxyphenylphosphine) palladium (8.7 mg) were added thereto and refluxed for 14 hours.
- Step 4 Thereafter, an aqueous sodium diethyldithiacarbamate solution was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. When the obtained reaction solution was cooled and dropped into methanol, precipitation occurred.
- the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol and water, and then dried, and the solid obtained was dissolved in chloroform and purified by passing through an alumina column and a silica gel column through which chloroform was passed in advance in this order. When the obtained purified solution was added dropwise to methanol and stirred, precipitation occurred. The precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to obtain polymer compound ET1a (7.15 g).
- the polymer compound ET1a had an Mn of 3.2 ⁇ 10 4 and an Mw of 6.0 ⁇ 10 4 .
- the polymer compound ET1a has a theoretical value obtained from the amount of the raw materials charged, and is composed of a 50:50 molar ratio of a structural unit derived from the compound M4 and a structural unit derived from the compound M5. It is a polymer.
- Step 5 After making the inside of the reaction vessel under an argon gas atmosphere, the polymer compound ET1a (3.1 g), tetrahydrofuran (130 mL), methanol (66 mL), cesium hydroxide monohydrate (2.1 g) and water (12.5 mL) was added and stirred at 60 ° C. for 3 hours.
- Step 6 Thereafter, methanol (220 mL) was added thereto and stirred for 2 hours.
- the obtained reaction mixture was concentrated and then added dropwise to isopropyl alcohol, followed by stirring. As a result, precipitation occurred.
- the precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to obtain polymer compound ET1 (3.5 g).
- the theoretical value obtained from the amount of the raw material charged for the high molecular compound ET1a is such that the structural unit represented by the following formula and the structural unit derived from the compound M5 have a molar ratio of 50:50. It is a copolymer formed.
- the elemental analysis values of the polymer compound ET1 are C, 54.1% by mass; H, 5.6% by mass; N, ⁇ 0.3% by mass; Cs, 22.7% by mass (theoretical value: C, 57. 29 mass%; H, 5.70 mass%; Cs, 21.49 mass%; O, 15.52 mass%).
- reaction vessel was filled with a nitrogen gas atmosphere, then compound HM-1a (324 g), compound HM-1b (300 g), xylene (12 L), palladium (II) acetate (11.5 g), tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetra Fluoroborate (29.8 g) and sodium tert-butoxide (555 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred with heating under reflux for 40 hours. Then, the obtained reaction liquid was filtered with a filter coated with silica gel and celite, and the filter coated with silica gel and celite was washed with toluene (10 L).
- the obtained filtrate was washed 5 times with ion-exchanged water (4 L), and then the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered.
- the obtained filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a solid.
- the obtained solid was recrystallized from toluene and dried under reduced pressure at 50 ° C. to obtain a crude product HM-1 (361 g).
- the HPLC area percentage value of the crude product HM-1 was 99.5% or more.
- the obtained crude product HM-1 (86 g) was purified by sublimation 5 times to obtain Compound HM-1 (21 g).
- the degree of vacuum was 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa and the sublimation temperature was 290 ° C.
- Compound HM-1 had an HPLC area percentage value of 99.5% or more. Further, the amount (C H ) of chlorine atoms contained in the compound HM-1 was below the detection limit (0 mass ppm). The amount of bromine atoms contained in Compound HM-1 was below the detection limit (0 mass ppm). Compound HM-1 was used as the host material.
- the obtained filtrate was extracted with toluene and 10% by mass saline to obtain an organic layer.
- the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then filtered with a filter coated with amino silica gel.
- the obtained filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a solid.
- the obtained solid was recrystallized with a mixed solvent of toluene and acetonitrile and then filtered to obtain filtrate MC1 'and residue MC2'.
- the obtained filtrate MC1 ' was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain solid MC1'.
- the obtained solid MC1 ′ was dried under reduced pressure at 50 ° C. to obtain phosphorescent compound MC1 (81.8 g) of Comparative Example 1. Further, the obtained residue MC2 ′ was dried under reduced pressure at 50 ° C. to obtain the phosphorescent compound MC2 (125 g) of Example 1.
- the HPLC area percentage value of the phosphorescent compound MC1 was 99.2%.
- the HPLC area percentage value of the phosphorescent compound MC2 was 99.5% or more.
- the amount (C 1 ) of chlorine atoms contained in the phosphorescent compound MC1 was 16 ppm by mass.
- the amount (C 1 ) of chlorine atoms contained in the phosphorescent compound MC2 was 9 mass ppm.
- the amount of bromine atoms contained in the phosphorescent compound MC1 was 2 ppm by mass.
- the amount of bromine atoms contained in the phosphorescent compound MC2 was below the detection limit (0 mass ppm).
- the maximum peak wavelength of the emission spectra of the phosphorescent compounds MC1 and MC2 was 471 nm.
- the phosphorescent compound MC2 was dehalogenated. Specifically, after the light-shielded reaction vessel was filled with an argon gas atmosphere, phosphorescent compound MC2 (40.0 g), phenylboronic acid (3.67 g), (di-tert-butyl (4-dimethylaminophenyl) ) Phosphine) dichloropalladium (II) (0.64 g) and toluene (210 mL) were added and heated to 90.degree. 40 mass% tetrabutylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (97 mL) was added there, and it stirred at 90 degreeC for 120 hours.
- the HPLC area percentage value of the phosphorescent compound MC3 was 99.5% or more. Further, the amount (C 1 ) of chlorine atoms contained in the phosphorescent compound MC3 was below the detection limit (0 mass ppm). The amount of bromine atoms contained in the phosphorescent compound MC3 was below the detection limit (0 mass ppm).
- the maximum peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the phosphorescent compound MC3 was 471 nm.
- Example D1 Fabrication and evaluation of light-emitting element D1 (production of light-emitting element D1) (Formation of anode and hole injection layer)
- An anode was formed by attaching an ITO film with a thickness of 45 nm to the glass substrate by sputtering.
- a hole injection material ND-3202 manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries
- a hole injection layer was formed by heating on a hot plate at 50 ° C. for 3 minutes and further heating at 230 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- the polymer compound HTL-1 was dissolved in xylene at a concentration of 0.7% by mass. Using the obtained xylene solution, a film having a thickness of 20 nm was formed on the hole injection layer by spin coating, and heated at 180 ° C. for 60 minutes on a hot plate in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. A transport layer was formed.
- the polymer compound ETL-1 was dissolved in 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol at a concentration of 0.25% by mass. Using the obtained 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol solution, a film having a thickness of 10 nm was formed on the light-emitting layer by a spin coating method. An electron transport layer was formed by heating at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a gas atmosphere.
- EL light emission was observed by applying a voltage to the light emitting element D1.
- the luminous efficiency at 100 cd / m 2 was 4.98 [lm / W], and the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) were (0.19, 0.42).
- the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) at 1000 cd / m 2 were (0.20, 0.44).
- the CIE chromaticity coordinate (x, y) at 5000 cd / m 2 was (0.19, 0.42).
- the device After setting the current value so that the initial luminance becomes 1000 cd / m 2 , the device was driven with a constant current, and the time until the luminance became 95% of the initial luminance (hereinafter also referred to as “LT95”) was measured. 229 hours. After setting the current value so that the initial luminance becomes 5000 cd / m 2 , the device was driven at a constant current, and the time until the luminance became 50% of the initial luminance (hereinafter also referred to as “LT50”) was measured. It was 25.3 hours. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example D2 Fabrication and evaluation of light-emitting element D2 (production of light-emitting element D2) A light-emitting element D2 was produced in the same manner as in Example D1, except that (Formation D1 of light-emitting layer) in Example D1 was changed to (Formation D2 of light-emitting layer) described below.
- EL light emission was observed by applying a voltage to the light emitting element D2.
- the luminous efficiency at 100 cd / m 2 was 7.60 [lm / W], and the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) were (0.20, 0.44).
- the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) at 1000 cd / m 2 were (0.20, 0.44).
- the CIE chromaticity coordinate (x, y) at 5000 cd / m 2 was (0.19, 0.42).
- Example D3 Fabrication and evaluation of light-emitting element D3 (production of light-emitting element D3) A light emitting device D3 was produced in the same manner as in Example D1, except that (Formation D1 of light emitting layer) in Example D1 was changed to (Formation D3 of light emitting layer) described below.
- EL light emission was observed by applying a voltage to the light emitting element D3.
- the light emission efficiency at 100 cd / m 2 was 8.07 [lm / W], and the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) were (0.19, 0.43).
- the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) at 1000 cd / m 2 were (0.19, 0.43).
- the CIE chromaticity coordinate (x, y) at 5000 cd / m 2 was (0.19, 0.42).
- Example D4 Fabrication and evaluation of light-emitting element D4 (production of light-emitting element D4) A light-emitting element D4 was produced in the same manner as in Example D1, except that (Formation of light-emitting layer D1) in Example D1 was changed to (Formation of light-emitting layer D4) described below.
- EL light emission was observed by applying a voltage to the light emitting element D4.
- the luminous efficiency at 100 cd / m 2 was 8.48 [lm / W], and the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) were (0.20, 0.44).
- the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) at 1000 cd / m 2 were (0.20, 0.44).
- the CIE chromaticity coordinate (x, y) at 5000 cd / m 2 was (0.19, 0.41).
- Example D5 Fabrication and evaluation of light-emitting element D5 (production of light-emitting element D5) A light-emitting element D5 was produced in the same manner as in Example D1, except that (Light-emitting layer formation D1) in Example D1 was changed to the following (Light-emitting layer formation D5).
- EL light emission was observed by applying a voltage to the light emitting element D5.
- the luminous efficiency at 100 cd / m 2 was 6.34 [lm / W], and the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) were (0.19, 0.42).
- the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) at 1000 cd / m 2 were (0.19, 0.43).
- the CIE chromaticity coordinate (x, y) at 5000 cd / m 2 was (0.19, 0.41).
- EL light emission was observed by applying a voltage to the light emitting device CD1.
- the luminous efficiency at 100 cd / m 2 was 6.33 [lm / W], and the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) were (0.19, 0.41).
- the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) at 1000 cd / m 2 were (0.20, 0.43).
- the CIE chromaticity coordinate (x, y) at 5000 cd / m 2 was (0.19, 0.41).
- the device After setting the current value so that the initial luminance was 1000 cd / m 2 , the device was driven with a constant current, and the time until the luminance became 95% of the initial luminance was measured and found to be 5.3 hours. After setting the current value so that the initial luminance was 5000 cd / m 2 , it was driven at a constant current, and the time until the luminance became 50% of the initial luminance was measured, and it was 26.3 hours. The results are shown in Table 5.
Abstract
Description
前記燐光発光性化合物に不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量が、前記組成物に配合される固形分全量に対して、3.5質量ppm以下である、組成物。
M1は、ロジウム原子、パラジウム原子、イリジウム原子又は白金原子を表す。
n1は1以上の整数を表し、n2は0以上の整数を表し、n1+n2は2又は3である。M1がロジウム原子又はイリジウム原子の場合、n1+n2は3であり、M1がパラジウム原子又は白金原子の場合、n1+n2は2である。
E1及びE2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子又は窒素原子を表す。但し、E1及びE2の少なくとも一方は炭素原子である。
環R1は、5員の芳香族複素環を表し、この環は置換基を有していてもよい。該置換基が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。環R1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
環R2は、芳香族炭化水素環又は芳香族複素環を表し、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。該置換基が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。環R2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
環R1が有していてもよい置換基と環R2が有していてもよい置換基とは、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。
A1-G1-A2は、アニオン性の2座配位子を表す。A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子、酸素原子又は窒素原子を表し、これらの原子は環を構成する原子であってもよい。G1は、単結合、又は、A1及びA2とともに2座配位子を構成する原子団を表す。A1-G1-A2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
[2]前記燐光発光性化合物に不純物として含まれる塩素原子及び前記ホスト材料に不純物として含まれる塩素原子の総量が、前記組成物に配合される固形分全量に対して、3.5質量ppm以下である、[1]に記載の組成物。
[3]前記塩素原子の総量が、前記組成物に配合される固形分全量に対して、0.8質量ppm以下である、[2]に記載の組成物。
[4]前記塩素原子の総量が、前記組成物に配合される固形分全量に対して、0.01質量ppm以上3.0質量ppm以下である、[2]に記載の組成物。
[5]前記塩素原子の総量が、前記組成物に配合される固形分全量に対して、0.1質量ppm以上0.8質量ppm以下である、[2]~[4]のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[6]前記燐光発光性化合物が、式(1-A)で表される化合物である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の組成物。
M1、n1、n2、E1及びA1-G1-A2は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
E11A、E12A、E13A、E21A、E22A、E23A及びE24Aは、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子又は炭素原子を表す。E11A、E12A、E13A、E21A、E22A、E23A及びE24Aが複数存在する場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。E11Aが窒素原子の場合、R11Aは存在しても存在しなくてもよい。E12Aが窒素原子の場合、R12Aは存在しても存在しなくてもよい。E13Aが窒素原子の場合、R13Aは存在しても存在しなくてもよい。E21Aが窒素原子の場合、R21Aは存在しない。E22Aが窒素原子の場合、R22Aは存在しない。E23Aが窒素原子の場合、R23Aは存在しない。E24Aが窒素原子の場合、R24Aは存在しない。
R11A、R12A、R13A、R21A、R22A、R23A及びR24Aは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、アリールオキシ基、1価の複素環基、置換アミノ基又はフッ素原子を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。R11A、R12A、R13A、R21A、R22A、R23A及びR24Aが複数存在する場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。R11AとR12A、R12AとR13A、R11AとR21A、R21AとR22A、R22AとR23A、及び、R23AとR24Aは、それぞれ結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。
環R1Aは、窒素原子、E1、E11A、E12A及びE13Aで構成されるトリアゾール環又はジアゾール環を表す。
環R2Aは、2つの炭素原子、E21A、E22A、E23A及びE24Aで構成されるベンゼン環、ピリジン環又はピリミジン環を表す。]
[7]前記燐光発光性化合物が、式(1-A1)で表される化合物、式(1-A2)で表される化合物、式(1-A3)で表される化合物又は式(1-A4)で表される化合物である、[6]に記載の組成物。
[8]前記燐光発光性化合物が、式(1-A3)で表される化合物であり、
前記R11Aが、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基である、[7]に記載の組成物。
[9]前記ホスト材料が、式(H-1)で表される化合物である、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の組成物。
ArH1及びArH2は、それぞれ独立に、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
nH1及びnH2は、それぞれ独立に、0又は1を表す。nH1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。複数存在するnH2は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。
nH3は、0以上の整数を表す。
LH1は、アリーレン基、2価の複素環基、又は、-[C(RH11)2]nH11-で表される基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。LH1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
nH11は、1以上10以下の整数を表す。RH11は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するRH11は、同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する炭素原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。
LH2は、-N(-LH21-RH21)-で表される基を表す。LH2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
LH21は、単結合、アリーレン基又は2価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。RH21は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。]
[10]正孔輸送材料、正孔注入材料、電子輸送材料、電子注入材料、発光材料、酸化防止剤及び溶媒からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の材料をさらに含有する、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[11]式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物であって、
不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量が、前記燐光発光性化合物の全量に対して、15質量ppm以下である、燐光発光性化合物。
M1は、ロジウム原子、パラジウム原子、イリジウム原子又は白金原子を表す。
n1は1以上の整数を表し、n2は0以上の整数を表し、n1+n2は2又は3である。M1がロジウム原子又はイリジウム原子の場合、n1+n2は3であり、M1がパラジウム原子又は白金原子の場合、n1+n2は2である。
E1及びE2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子又は窒素原子を表す。但し、E1及びE2の少なくとも一方は炭素原子である。
環R1は、5員の芳香族複素環を表し、この環は置換基を有していてもよい。該置換基が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。環R1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
環R2は、芳香族炭化水素環又は芳香族複素環を表し、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。該置換基が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。環R2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
環R1が有していてもよい置換基と環R2が有していてもよい置換基とは、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。
A1-G1-A2は、アニオン性の2座配位子を表す。A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子、酸素原子又は窒素原子を表し、これらの原子は環を構成する原子であってもよい。G1は、単結合、又は、A1及びA2とともに2座配位子を構成する原子団を表す。A1-G1-A2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
[12]前記式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物が、式(1-A)で表される化合物である、[11]に記載の燐光発光性化合物。
M1、n1、n2、E1及びA1-G1-A2は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
E11A、E12A、E13A、E21A、E22A、E23A及びE24Aは、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子又は炭素原子を表す。E11A、E12A、E13A、E21A、E22A、E23A及びE24Aが複数存在する場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。E11Aが窒素原子の場合、R11Aは存在しても存在しなくてもよい。E12Aが窒素原子の場合、R12Aは存在しても存在しなくてもよい。E13Aが窒素原子の場合、R13Aは存在しても存在しなくてもよい。E21Aが窒素原子の場合、R21Aは存在しない。E22Aが窒素原子の場合、R22Aは存在しない。E23Aが窒素原子の場合、R23Aは存在しない。E24Aが窒素原子の場合、R24Aは存在しない。
R11A、R12A、R13A、R21A、R22A、R23A及びR24Aは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、アリールオキシ基、1価の複素環基、置換アミノ基又はフッ素原子を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。R11A、R12A、R13A、R21A、R22A、R23A及びR24Aが複数存在する場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。R11AとR12A、R12AとR13A、R11AとR21A、R21AとR22A、R22AとR23A、及び、R23AとR24Aは、それぞれ結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。
環R1Aは、窒素原子、E1、E11A、E12A及びE13Aで構成されるトリアゾール環又はジアゾール環を表す。
環R2Aは、2つの炭素原子、E21A、E22A、E23A及びE24Aで構成されるベンゼン環、ピリジン環又はピリミジン環を表す。]
[13]前記燐光発光性化合物が、式(1-A1)で表される化合物、式(1-A2)で表される化合物、式(1-A3)で表される化合物又は式(1-A4)で表される化合物である、[12]に記載の燐光発光性化合物。
[14]前記燐光発光性化合物が、式(1-A3)で表される化合物であり、
前記R11Aが、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基である、[13]に記載の燐光発光性化合物。
[15]前記不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量が、0.9質量ppm以下である、[11]~[14]のいずれかに記載の燐光発光性化合物。
[16]前記不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量が、0.01質量ppm以上12質量ppm以下である、[11]~[14]のいずれかに記載の燐光発光性化合物。
[17]前記不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量が、0.1質量ppm以上0.9質量ppm以下である、[15]又は[16]に記載の燐光発光性化合物。
[18][1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む有機層を備える、発光素子。
[19][11]~[17]のいずれかに記載の燐光発光性化合物が配合された有機層を備える、発光素子。
本明細書で共通して用いられる用語は、特記しない限り、以下の意味である。
アルキル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、2-ブチル基、イソブチル基、tert-ブチル基、ペンチル基、イソアミル基、2-エチルブチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、3-プロピルヘプチル基、デシル基、3,7-ジメチルオクチル基、2-エチルオクチル基、2-ヘキシルデシル基、ドデシル基、及び、これらの基における水素原子が、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、フッ素原子等で置換された基が挙げられ、例えば、トリフルオロメチル基、ペンタフルオロエチル基、パーフルオロブチル基、パーフルオロヘキシル基、パーフルオロオクチル基、3-フェニルプロピル基、3-(4-メチルフェニル)プロピル基、3-(3,5-ジ-ヘキシルフェニル)プロピル基、6-エチルオキシヘキシル基が挙げられる。
「シクロアルキル基」の炭素原子数は、置換基の炭素原子数を含めないで、通常3~50であり、好ましくは3~30であり、より好ましくは4~20である。
シクロアルキル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘキシルメチル基、シクロヘキシルエチル基が挙げられる。
アリール基は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、フェニル基、1-ナフチル基、2-ナフチル基、1-アントラセニル基、2-アントラセニル基、9-アントラセニル基、1-ピレニル基、2-ピレニル基、4-ピレニル基、2-フルオレニル基、3-フルオレニル基、4-フルオレニル基、2-フェニルフェニル基、3-フェニルフェニル基、4-フェニルフェニル基、及び、これらの基における水素原子が、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、フッ素原子等で置換された基が挙げられる。
アルコキシ基は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロピルオキシ基、イソプロピルオキシ基、ブチルオキシ基、イソブチルオキシ基、tert-ブチルオキシ基、ペンチルオキシ基、ヘキシルオキシ基、ヘプチルオキシ基、オクチルオキシ基、2-エチルヘキシルオキシ基、ノニルオキシ基、デシルオキシ基、3,7-ジメチルオクチルオキシ基、ラウリルオキシ基、及び、これらの基における水素原子が、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、フッ素原子等で置換された基が挙げられる。
「シクロアルコキシ基」の炭素原子数は、置換基の炭素原子数を含めないで、通常3~40であり、好ましくは4~10である。
シクロアルコキシ基は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、シクロヘキシルオキシ基が挙げられる。
アリールオキシ基は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、フェノキシ基、1-ナフチルオキシ基、2-ナフチルオキシ基、1-アントラセニルオキシ基、9-アントラセニルオキシ基、1-ピレニルオキシ基、及び、これらの基における水素原子が、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、フッ素原子等で置換された基が挙げられる。
「芳香族複素環式化合物」は、オキサジアゾール、チアジアゾール、チアゾール、オキサゾール、チオフェン、ピロール、ホスホール、フラン、ピリジン、ピラジン、ピリミジン、トリアジン、ピリダジン、キノリン、イソキノリン、カルバゾール、ジベンゾホスホール等の複素環自体が芳香族性を示す化合物、及び、フェノキサジン、フェノチアジン、ジベンゾボロール、ジベンゾシロール、ベンゾピラン等の複素環自体は芳香族性を示さなくとも、複素環に芳香環が縮環されている化合物を意味する。
1価の複素環基は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、チエニル基、ピロリル基、フリル基、ピリジニル基、ピペリジニル基、キノリニル基、イソキノリニル基、ピリミジニル基、トリアジニル基、及び、これらの基における水素原子が、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基等で置換された基が挙げられる。
置換アミノ基としては、例えば、ジアルキルアミノ基、ジシクロアルキルアミノ基及びジアリールアミノ基が挙げられる。
アミノ基としては、例えば、ジメチルアミノ基、ジエチルアミノ基、ジフェニルアミノ基、ビス(4-メチルフェニル)アミノ基、ビス(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)アミノ基、ビス(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチルフェニル)アミノ基が挙げられる。
「シクロアルケニル基」の炭素原子数は、置換基の炭素原子数を含めないで、通常3~30であり、好ましくは4~20である。
アルケニル基及びシクロアルケニル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、ビニル基、1-プロペニル基、2-プロペニル基、2-ブテニル基、3-ブテニル基、3-ペンテニル基、4-ペンテニル基、1-ヘキセニル基、5-ヘキセニル基、7-オクテニル基、及び、これらの基が置換基を有する基が挙げられる。
「シクロアルキニル基」の炭素原子数は、置換基の炭素原子を含めないで、通常4~30であり、好ましくは4~20である。
アルキニル基及びシクロアルキニル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、エチニル基、1-プロピニル基、2-プロピニル基、2-ブチニル基、3-ブチニル基、3-ペンチニル基、4-ペンチニル基、1-ヘキシニル基、5-ヘキシニル基、及び、これらの基が置換基を有する基が挙げられる。
アリーレン基は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、フェニレン基、ナフタレンジイル基、アントラセンジイル基、フェナントレンジイル基、ジヒドロフェナントレンジイル基、ナフタセンジイル基、フルオレンジイル基、ピレンジイル基、ペリレンジイル基、クリセンジイル基、及び、これらの基が置換基を有する基が挙げられ、好ましくは、式(A-1)~式(A-20)で表される基である。アリーレン基は、これらの基が複数結合した基を含む。
2価の複素環基は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、ピリジン、ジアザベンゼン、トリアジン、アザナフタレン、ジアザナフタレン、カルバゾール、ジベンゾフラン、ジベンゾチオフェン、ジベンゾシロール、フェノキサジン、フェノチアジン、アクリジン、ジヒドロアクリジン、フラン、チオフェン、アゾール、ジアゾール、トリアゾールから、環を構成する炭素原子又はヘテロ原子に直接結合している水素原子のうち2個の水素原子を除いた2価の基が挙げられ、好ましくは、式(AA-1)~式(AA-34)で表される基である。2価の複素環基は、これらの基が複数結合した基を含む。
まず、本実施形態に係る組成物に配合される式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物について説明する。
mDA1、mDA2及びmDA3は、それぞれ独立に、0以上の整数を表す。
GDAは、窒素原子、芳香族炭化水素基又は複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
ArDA1、ArDA2及びArDA3は、それぞれ独立に、アリーレン基又は2価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。ArDA1、ArDA2及びArDA3が複数ある場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
TDAは、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数あるTDAは、同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
mDA1、mDA2、mDA3、mDA4、mDA5、mDA6及びmDA7は、それぞれ独立に、0以上の整数を表す。
GDAは、窒素原子、芳香族炭化水素基又は複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数あるGDAは、同一でも異なっていてもよい。
ArDA1、ArDA2、ArDA3、ArDA4、ArDA5、ArDA6及びArDA7は、それぞれ独立に、アリーレン基又は2価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。ArDA1、ArDA2、ArDA3、ArDA4、ArDA5、ArDA6及びArDA7が複数ある場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
TDAは、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数あるTDAは、同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
mDA1は、0以上の整数を表す。
ArDA1は、アリーレン基又は2価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。ArDA1が複数ある場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
TDAは、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。]
*は、式(D-A)におけるArDA1、式(D-B)におけるArDA1、式(D-B)におけるArDA2、又は、式(D-B)におけるArDA3との結合を表す。
**は、式(D-A)におけるArDA2、式(D-B)におけるArDA2、式(D-B)におけるArDA4、又は、式(D-B)におけるArDA6との結合を表す。
***は、式(D-A)におけるArDA3、式(D-B)におけるArDA3、式(D-B)におけるArDA5、又は、式(D-B)におけるArDA7との結合を表す。
RDAは、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は更に置換基を有していてもよい。RDAが複数ある場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
RDAは前記と同じ意味を表す。
RDBは、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。RDBが複数ある場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
Rp1、Rp2、Rp3及びRp4は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基又はフッ素原子を表す。Rp1、Rp2及びRp4が複数ある場合、それらはそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
np1は、0~5の整数を表し、np2は0~3の整数を表し、np3は0又は1を表し、np4は0~4の整数を表す。複数あるnp1は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
Rp1、Rp2及びRp3は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基又はフッ素原子を表す。Rp1及びRp2が複数ある場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
np1は0~5の整数を表し、np2は0~3の整数を表し、np3は0又は1を表す。np1及びnp2が複数ある場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
Rp4、Rp5及びRp6は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基又はフッ素原子を表す。Rp4、Rp5及びRp6が複数ある場合、それらはそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
np4は、0~4の整数を表し、np5は0~5の整数を表し、np6は0~5の整数を表す。]
A1-G1-A2で表されるアニオン性の2座配位子としては、例えば、下記式で表される配位子が挙げられる。
*は、M1と結合する部位を表す。
RL1は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、1価の複素環基又はフッ素原子を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するRL1は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
環R1Aがジアゾール環である場合、E11Aが窒素原子であるイミダゾール環、又は、E12Aが窒素原子であるイミダゾール環が好ましく、E11Aが窒素原子であるイミダゾール環がより好ましい。
式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物は、Aldrich、Luminescence Technology Corp.,American Dye Source等から入手可能である。
また、上記以外の入手方法として、国際公開第2006/121811号、国際公開第2007/097153号、特開2013-048190号公報、国際公開第2004/101707号、特開2013-147449号公報、特開2013-147450号公報、特開2013-147551号公報等の文献に記載の公知の方法により製造することにより、入手可能である。
本実施形態に係る組成物において、式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物に不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量(C1)は、燐光発光性化合物の全量に対して、通常、15質量ppm以下である。本実施形態に係る燐光発光性化合物において、不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量は、本実施形態に係る発光素子の初期劣化が抑制されるので、好ましくは13質量ppm以下であり、より好ましくは9質量ppm以下であり、更に好ましくは5質量ppm以下であり、特に好ましくは1質量ppm以下であり、とりわけ好ましくは0.9質量ppm以下であり、殊更に好ましくは0質量ppmである。
C1={0×22.5/(22.5+2.5)}+{9×2.5/(22.5+2.5)}=0.9質量ppm
C1={0×12.5/(12.5+12.5)}+{9×12.5/(12.5+12.5)}=4.5質量ppm
C1={9×12.5/(12.5+12.5)}+{16×12.5/(12.5+12.5)}=12.5質量ppm
C1の低減方法としては、例えば、精製、及び、脱ハロゲン化剤による処理から選ばれる少なくとも1種の方法が挙げられる。
精製としては、第4版実験化学講座(1993年、丸善)、第5版実験化学講座(2007年、丸善)、新実験化学講座(1975年、丸善)、有機化学実験のてびき(1988年、化学同人)等に記載の公知の精製方法が挙げられる。
脱ハロゲン化剤による処理としては、国際公開第2006/037458号、特開2007-220772号公報、特開2007-077078号公報、国際公開第2005/084083号等の文献に記載の公知の方法が挙げられる。
-B(ORC2)2(式中、RC2は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基又はアリール基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するRC2は同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに連結して、それぞれが結合する酸素原子とともに環構造を形成していてもよい。)で表される基;
-BF3Q’(式中、Q’は、Li、Na、K、Rb又はCsを表す。)で表される基;
-MgY’(式中、Y’は、塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を表す。)で表される基;
-ZnY’’(式中、Y’’は、塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を表す。)で表される基;及び、
-Sn(RC3)3(式中、RC3は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基又はアリール基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するRC3は同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに連結して、それぞれが結合するスズ原子とともに環構造を形成していてもよい。)で表される基。
次に、本実施形態に係る組成物に配合されるホスト材料について説明する。
高分子ホスト材料としては、例えば、後述の正孔輸送材料である高分子化合物、後述の電子輸送材料である高分子化合物が挙げられる。
低分子ホスト材料としては、例えば、水素原子と炭素原子とから構成される芳香族炭化水素環を有する化合物、及び、典型元素から構成される複素環式化合物が挙げられ、典型元素から構成される複素環式化合物が好ましい。
低分子ホスト材料は、好ましくは、式(H-1)で表される化合物である。
低分子ホスト材料は、Aldrich、Luminescence Technology Corp.等から入手可能である。
また、上記以外の入手方法として、国際公開第2006/121811号、国際公開第2007/097153号、国際公開第2009/086028号、国際公開第2009/096202号、特開2009-46408号公報、特開2009-267255号公報等の文献に記載の公知の方法により製造することにより、入手可能である。
低分子ホスト材料に不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量の低減方法としては、例えば、精製、及び、脱ハロゲン化剤による処理から選ばれる少なくとも1種の方法が挙げられ、低分子ホスト材料に含まれる塩素原子の量をより低減できるため、精製が好ましく、昇華及び/又は再結晶がより好ましく、昇華が更に好ましい。
本実施形態に係る組成物は、式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物とホスト材料とが配合された組成物であり、燐光発光性化合物に不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量が、組成物に配合される固形分全量に対して、3.5質量ppm以下である。
W1=25/(75+25)=0.25
W1=(22.5+2.5)/(75+22.5+2.5)=0.25
W1=(12.5+12.5)/(75+12.5+12.5)=0.25
W1=25/(75+25)=0.25
W1=(12.5+12.5)/(75+12.5+12.5)=0.25
W1=25/(75+25)=0.25
WH=75/(75+25)=0.75
C1W1+CHWH=(0×0.25)+(0×0.75)=0質量ppm
C1W1+CHWH=(0.9×0.25)+(0×0.75)=0.23質量ppm
C1W1+CHWH=(4.5×0.25)+(0×0.75)=1.13質量ppm
C1W1+CHWH=(9×0.25)+(0×0.75)=2.25質量ppm
C1W1+CHWH=(12.5×0.25)+(0×0.75)=3.13質量ppm
C1W1+CHWH=(16×0.25)+(0×0.75)=4.00質量ppm
CH≦C1≦15質量ppm (2’)
[式中、C1及びCHは前記と同じ意味を表す。]
CH≦C1≦9質量ppm (2’-2)
CH≦C1≦5質量ppm (2’-3)
CH≦C1≦1質量ppm (2’-4)
CH=C1=0質量ppm (2’-5)
[式中、C1及びCHは前記と同じ意味を表す。]
本実施形態に係る組成物は、正孔輸送材料、正孔注入材料、電子輸送材料、電子注入材料、発光材料(式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物及びホスト材料とは異なる。)、酸化防止剤及び溶媒からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の材料をさらに含有していてもよい。但し、正孔輸送材料、正孔注入材料、電子輸送材料及び電子注入材料は、ホスト材料とは異なる。
正孔輸送材料は、低分子化合物と高分子化合物とに分類され、好ましくは高分子化合物である。正孔輸送材料は、架橋基を有していてもよい。
電子輸送材料は、低分子化合物と高分子化合物とに分類される。電子輸送材料は、架橋基を有していてもよい。
正孔注入材料及び電子注入材料は、各々、低分子化合物と高分子化合物とに分類される。正孔注入材料及び電子注入材料は、架橋基を有していてもよい。
正孔注入材料又は電子注入材料が導電性高分子を含む場合、導電性高分子の電気伝導度は、好ましくは、1×10-5S/cm~1×103S/cmである。導電性高分子の電気伝導度をかかる範囲とするために、導電性高分子に適量のイオンをドープすることができる。
発光材料(式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物及びホスト材料とは異なる。)は、低分子化合物と高分子化合物とに分類される。発光材料は、架橋基を有していてもよい。
酸化防止剤は、式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物及びホスト材料と同じ溶媒に可溶であり、発光及び電荷輸送を阻害しない化合物であればよく、例えば、フェノール系酸化防止剤、リン系酸化防止剤が挙げられる。
式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物と、ホスト材料と、溶媒とを含有する組成物(以下、「インク」ともいう。)は、スピンコート法、キャスティング法、マイクログラビアコート法、グラビアコート法、バーコート法、ロールコート法、ワイヤーバーコート法、ディップコート法、スプレーコート法、スクリーン印刷法、フレキソ印刷法、オフセット印刷法、インクジェット印刷法、キャピラリ-コート法、ノズルコート法等の塗布法に好適に使用することができる。
本実施形態に係る発光素子は、本実施形態に係る組成物を含む有機層を備える発光素子又は本実施形態に係る燐光発光性化合物が配合された有機層を備えた発光素子である。
本実施形態に係る発光素子の構成としては、例えば、陽極及び陰極からなる電極と、該電極間に設けられた本実施形態に係る組成物を含む有機層又は本実施形態に係る燐光発光性化合物が配合された有機層とを有していてもよい。
本実施形態に係る組成物を含む有機層及び本実施形態に係る燐光発光性化合物が配合された有機層は、通常、発光層、正孔輸送層、正孔注入層、電子輸送層及び電子注入層からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の層であり、発光層であることが好ましい。これらの層は、各々、発光材料、正孔輸送材料、正孔注入材料、電子輸送材料、電子注入材料を含有する。これらの層は、各々、発光材料、正孔輸送材料、正孔注入材料、電子輸送材料、電子注入材料を、上述した溶媒に溶解させることで調製したインクを用いて、上述した膜の作製と同じ方法を用いて形成することができる。
aX1及びaX2は、それぞれ独立に、0以上の整数を表す。
ArX1及びArX3は、それぞれ独立に、アリーレン基又は2価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
ArX2及びArX4は、それぞれ独立に、アリーレン基、2価の複素環基、又は、少なくとも1種のアリーレン基と少なくとも1種の2価の複素環基とが直接結合した2価の基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。ArX2及びArX4が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
RX1、RX2及びRX3は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
RX2及びRX3が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
nAは0~5の整数を表し、nは1~4の整数を表す。
Ar1は、芳香族炭化水素基又は複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
LAは、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アリーレン基、2価の複素環基、-NR’-で表される基、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。R’は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。LAが複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Xは、上記式(XL-1)~(XL-17)のいずれかで表される架橋基を表す。Xが複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
Ar1で表される芳香族炭化水素基のn個の置換基を除いたアリーレン基部分としては、好ましくは、式(A-1)~式(A-20)で表される基であり、より好ましくは、式(A-1)、式(A-2)、式(A-6)~式(A-10)、式(A-19)又は式(A-20)で表される基であり、更に好ましくは、式(A-1)、式(A-2)、式(A-7)、式(A-9)又は式(A-19)で表される基である。
Ar1で表される複素環基のn個の置換基を除いた2価の複素環基部分としては、好ましくは、式(AA-1)~(AA-34)で表される基である。
アルキレン基及びシクロアルキレン基は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、メチレン基、エチレン基、プロピレン基、ブチレン基、ヘキシレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、オクチレン基が挙げられる。
アルキレン基及びシクロアルキレン基が有していてもよい置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、フッ素原子及びシアノ基が挙げられる。
mAは0~5の整数を表し、mは1~4の整数を表し、cは0又は1を表す。mAが複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Ar3は、芳香族炭化水素基、複素環基、又は、少なくとも1種の芳香族炭化水素環と少なくとも1種の複素環とが直接結合した基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
Ar2及びAr4は、それぞれ独立に、アリーレン基又は2価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
Ar2、Ar3及びAr4はそれぞれ、当該基が結合している窒素原子に結合している当該基以外の基と、直接又は酸素原子若しくは硫黄原子を介して結合して、環を形成していてもよい。
KAは、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アリーレン基、2価の複素環基、-NR’’-で表される基、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。R’’は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。KAが複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
X’は、上記式(XL-1)~(XL-17)のいずれかで表される架橋基、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。但し、少なくとも1つのX’は、上記式(XL-1)~(XL-17)のいずれかで表される架橋基である。]
nE1は、1以上の整数を表す。
ArE1は、芳香族炭化水素基又は複素環基を表し、これらの基はRE1以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
RE1は、式(ES-1)で表される基を表す。RE1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
[式中、
nE3は0以上の整数を表し、aE1は1以上の整数を表し、bE1は0以上の整数を表し、mE1は1以上の整数を表す。nE3、aE1及びbE1が複数存在する場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。但し、RE3が単結合である場合、mE1は1である。また、aE1及びbE1は、式(ES-1)で表される基の電荷が0となるように選択される。
RE3は、単結合、炭化水素基、複素環基又は-O-RE3’を表し(RE3’は、炭化水素基又は複素環基を表す。)、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
QE1は、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アリーレン基、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。QE1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
YE1は、-CO2 -、-SO3 -、-SO2 -又は-PO3 2-を表す。YE1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
ME1は、アルカリ金属カチオン、アルカリ土類金属カチオン又はアンモニウムカチオンを表し、このアンモニウムカチオンは置換基を有していてもよい。ME1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
ZE1は、F-、OH-、B(RE4)4 -、RE4SO3 -、RE4COO-、NO3 -、SO4 2-、HSO4 -、PO4 3-、HPO4 2-、H2PO4 -、BF4 -又はPF6 -を表す。RE4は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基又はアリール基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。ZE1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
[式中、n’、m’及びnxは、それぞれ独立に、1以上の整数を表す。]
-O-RE3’-{(QE1)nE3-YE1(ME1)aE1(ZE1)bE1}mE1
nE2は、1以上の整数を表す。
ArE2は、芳香族炭化水素基又は複素環基を表し、これらの基はRE2以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
RE2は、式(ES-2)で表される基を表す。RE2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
[式中、
nE4は0以上の整数を表し、aE2は1以上の整数を表し、bE2は0以上の整数を表し、mE2は1以上の整数を表す。nE4、aE2及びbE2が複数存在する場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。但し、RE5が単結合である場合、mE2は1である。また、aE2及びbE2は、式(ES-2)で表される基の電荷が0となるように選択される。
RE5は、単結合、炭化水素基、複素環基又は-O-RE5’を表し(RE5’は、炭化水素基又は複素環基を表す。)、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
QE2は、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アリーレン基、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。QE2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
YE2は、-C+RE6 2、-N+RE6 3、-P+RE6 3、-S+RE6 2又は-I+RE6 2を表す。RE6は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基又はアリール基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するRE6は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。YE2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
ME2は、F-、OH-、B(RE7)4 -、RE7SO3 -、RE7COO-、BF4 -、又はSbF6 -を表す。RE7は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基又はアリール基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。ME2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
ZE2は、アルカリ金属カチオン又はアルカリ土類金属カチオンを表す。ZE2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
-O-RE5’-{(QE1)nE3-YE1(ME1)aE1(ZE1)bE1}mE1
発光素子における基板は、電極を形成することができ、かつ、有機層を形成する際に化学的に変化しない基板であればよく、例えば、ガラス、プラスチック、シリコン等の材料からなる基板である。不透明な基板の場合には、基板から最も遠くにある電極が透明又は半透明であることが好ましい。
陽極及び陰極は、各々、2層以上の積層構造としてもよい。
発光素子を用いて面状の発光を得るためには、面状の陽極と陰極が重なり合うように配置すればよい。パターン状の発光を得るためには、面状の発光素子の表面にパターン状の窓を設けたマスクを設置する方法、非発光部にしたい層を極端に厚く形成し実質的に非発光とする方法、陽極若しくは陰極、又は、両方の電極をパターン状に形成する方法がある。これらのいずれかの方法でパターンを形成し、いくつかの電極を独立にON/OFFできるように配置することにより、数字、文字等を表示できるセグメントタイプの表示装置が得られる。ドットマトリックス表示装置とするためには、陽極と陰極を共にストライプ状に形成して直交するように配置すればよい。複数の種類の発光色の異なる高分子化合物を塗り分ける方法、カラーフィルター又は蛍光変換フィルターを用いる方法により、部分カラー表示、マルチカラー表示が可能となる。ドットマトリックス表示装置は、パッシブ駆動も可能であるし、TFT等と組み合わせてアクティブ駆動も可能である。これらの表示装置は、コンピュータ、テレビ、携帯端末等のディスプレイに用いることができる。面状の発光素子は、液晶表示装置のバックライト用の面状光源、又は、面状の照明用光源として好適に用いることができる。フレキシブルな基板を用いれば、曲面状の光源及び表示装置としても使用できる。
C1×W1≦3.5 (i)
C1×W1+C2×W2≦3.5 (ii)
測定試料を約2mg/mLの濃度になるようにクロロホルム又はテトラヒドロフランに溶解させ、LC-MS(Agilent製、商品名:1100LCMSD)に約1μL注入した。LC-MSの移動相には、アセトニトリル及びテトラヒドロフランの比率を変化させながら用い、0.2mL/分の流量で流した。カラムは、L-column 2 ODS(3μm)(化学物質評価研究機構製、内径:2.1mm、長さ:100mm、粒径3μm)を用いた。
測定試料をトルエン、テトラヒドロフラン又はクロロホルムのいずれかの溶媒に任意の濃度で溶解させ、DART用TLCプレート(テクノアプリケーションズ社製、商品名:YSK5-100)上に塗布し、TLC-MS(日本電子社製、商品名:JMS-T100TD(The AccuTOF TLC))を用いて測定した。測定時のヘリウムガス温度は、200~400℃の範囲で調節した。
5~10mgの測定試料を約0.5mLの重クロロホルム(CDCl3)、重テトラヒドロフラン、重ジメチルスルホキシド、重アセトン、重N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、重トルエン、重メタノール、重エタノール、重2-プロパノール又は重塩化メチレンに溶解させ、NMR装置(Agilent製、商品名:INOVA300又はMERCURY 400VX)を用いて測定した。
化合物M1は、国際公開第2015/145871号に記載の方法に従って合成した。
化合物M2は、国際公開第2013/146806号に記載の方法に従って合成した。
化合物M3は、国際公開第2005/049546号に記載の方法に従って合成した。
(工程1)反応容器内を不活性ガス雰囲気とした後、化合物M1(0.923g)、化合物M2(0.0496g)、化合物M3(0.917g)、ジクロロビス(トリス-o-メトキシフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(1.76mg)及びトルエン(34mL)を加え、105℃に加熱した。
(工程2)反応液に、20質量%水酸化テトラエチルアンモニウム水溶液(6.7mL)を滴下し、6時間還流させた。
(工程3)反応後、そこに、フェニルボロン酸(48.8mg)及びジクロロビス(トリス-o-メトキシフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0.88mg)を加え、14.5時間還流させた。
(工程4)その後、そこに、ジエチルジチアカルバミン酸ナトリウム水溶液を加え、80℃で2時間撹拌した。冷却後、得られた反応液を、水で2回、3質量%酢酸水溶液で2回、水で2回洗浄し、得られた溶液をメタノールに滴下したところ、沈澱が生じた。得られた沈殿物をトルエンに溶解させ、アルミナカラム、シリカゲルカラムの順番で通すことにより精製した。得られた溶液をメタノールに滴下し、撹拌した後、得られた沈殿物をろ取し、乾燥させることにより、高分子化合物HTL-1を1.23g得た。
化合物M4は、特開2012-33845号公報に記載の方法に従って合成した。
化合物M5は、特開2010-189630号公報に記載の方法に従って合成した。
(工程1)反応容器内を不活性ガス雰囲気とした後、化合物M4(9.23g)、化合物M5(4.58g)、ジクロロビス(トリス-o-メトキシフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(8.6mg)、メチルトリオクチルアンモニウムクロライド(シグマアルドリッチ社製、商品名Aliquat336(登録商標))(0.098g)及びトルエン(175mL)を加え、105℃に加熱した。
(工程2)その後、そこに、12質量%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液(40.3mL)を滴下し、29時間還流させた。
(工程3)その後、そこに、フェニルボロン酸(0.47g)及びジクロロビス(トリス-o-メトキシフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(8.7mg)を加え、14時間還流させた。
(工程4)その後、そこに、ジエチルジチアカルバミン酸ナトリウム水溶液を加え、80℃で2時間撹拌した。得られた反応液を冷却後、メタノールに滴下したところ、沈澱が生じた。沈殿物をろ取し、メタノール、水で洗浄後、乾燥させることにより得た固体をクロロホルムに溶解させ、予めクロロホルムを通液したアルミナカラム及びシリカゲルカラムに順番に通すことにより精製した。得られた精製液をメタノールに滴下し、撹拌したところ、沈殿が生じた。沈殿物をろ取し、乾燥させることにより、高分子化合物ET1a(7.15g)を得た。高分子化合物ET1aのMnは3.2×104、Mwは6.0×104であった。
高分子化合物ET1aは、仕込み原料の量から求めた理論値では、化合物M4から誘導される構成単位と、化合物M5から誘導される構成単位とが、50:50のモル比で構成されてなる共重合体である。
(工程5)反応容器内をアルゴンガス雰囲気下とした後、高分子化合物ET1a(3.1g)、テトラヒドロフラン(130mL)、メタノール(66mL)、水酸化セシウム一水和物(2.1g)及び水(12.5mL)を加え、60℃で3時間撹拌した。
(工程6)その後、そこに、メタノール(220mL)を加え、2時間撹拌した。得られた反応混合物を濃縮した後、イソプロピルアルコールに滴下し、撹拌したところ、沈殿が生じた。沈殿物をろ取し、乾燥させることにより、高分子化合物ET1(3.5g)を得た。高分子化合物ET1の1H-NMR解析により、高分子化合物ET1中のエチルエステル部位のシグナルが消失し、反応が完結したことを確認した。
高分子化合物ET1は、高分子化合物ET1aの仕込み原料の量から求めた理論値では、下記式で表される構成単位と、化合物M5から誘導される構成単位とが、50:50のモル比で構成されてなる共重合体である。
1H-NMR(300MHz、CD2Cl2-d2)δ(ppm)=7.83-7.85(m,6H),7.67-7.54(m,12H),7.52-7.43(m,3H),6.94(d,6H),6.80(d,3H),6.67(t,3H),6.52(t,3H),6.44-6.36(m,3H),2.94-2.74(m,3H),2.55-2.36(m,3H),1.35(d,9H),1.19-1.09(m,18H),1.06(d,9H).
LC-MS(APCI,positive):m/z=1331.6[M+H]+
(発光素子D1の作製)
(陽極及び正孔注入層の形成)
ガラス基板にスパッタ法により45nmの厚みでITO膜を付けることにより陽極を形成した。該陽極上に、正孔注入材料であるND-3202(日産化学工業製)をスピンコート法により35nmの厚さで成膜した。大気雰囲気下において、ホットプレート上で50℃、3分間加熱し、更に230℃、15分間加熱することにより正孔注入層を形成した。
キシレンに高分子化合物HTL-1を0.7質量%の濃度で溶解させた。得られたキシレン溶液を用いて、正孔注入層の上にスピンコート法により20nmの厚さで成膜し、窒素ガス雰囲気下において、ホットプレート上で180℃、60分間加熱させることにより正孔輸送層を形成した。
トルエン(関東化学社製:電子工業用(ELグレード))に、化合物HM-1及び燐光発光性化合物MC3(化合物HM-1/燐光発光性化合物MC3=75質量%/25質量%)を2.0質量%の濃度で溶解させた。得られたトルエン溶液を用いて、正孔輸送層の上にスピンコート法により75nmの厚さで成膜し、窒素ガス雰囲気下において、130℃、10分間加熱させることにより発光層を形成した。
なお、仕込みの量から求めた理論値では、C1は0質量ppmであり、CHは0質量ppmであり、W1は0.25であり、WHは0.75であり、C1W1+CHWHは0質量ppmである。
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-オクタフルオロ-1-ペンタノールに、高分子化合物ETL-1を0.25質量%の濃度で溶解させた。得られた2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-オクタフルオロ-1-ペンタノール溶液を用いて、発光層の上にスピンコート法により10nmの厚さで成膜し、窒素ガス雰囲気下において、130℃、10分間加熱させることにより電子輸送層を形成した。
電子輸送層を形成した基板を蒸着機内において、1.0×10-4Pa以下にまで減圧した後、陰極として、電子輸送層の上にフッ化ナトリウムを約4nm、次いで、フッ化ナトリウム層の上にアルミニウムを約80nm蒸着した。蒸着後、ガラス基板を用いて封止することにより、発光素子D1を作製した。
発光素子D1に電圧を印加することによりEL発光が観測された。100cd/m2における発光効率は4.98[lm/W]、CIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.19,0.42)であった。1000cd/m2におけるCIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.20,0.44)であった。5000cd/m2におけるCIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.19,0.42)であった。初期輝度が1000cd/m2となるように電流値を設定後、定電流で駆動させ、輝度が初期輝度の95%となるまでの時間(以下、「LT95」ともいう。)を測定したところ、229時間であった。初期輝度が5000cd/m2となるように電流値を設定後、定電流で駆動させ、輝度が初期輝度の50%となるまでの時間(以下、「LT50」ともいう。)を測定したところ、25.3時間であった。結果を表5に示す。
(発光素子D2の作製)
実施例D1における(発光層の形成D1)を、下記(発光層の形成D2)に変更した以外は、実施例D1と同様にして、発光素子D2を作製した。
トルエン(関東化学社製:電子工業用(ELグレード))に、化合物HM-1、燐光発光性化合物MC3及び燐光発光性化合物MC2(化合物HM-1/燐光発光性化合物MC3/燐光発光性化合物MC2=75質量%/22.5質量%/2.5質量%)を2.0質量%の濃度で溶解させた。得られたトルエン溶液を用いて、正孔輸送層の上にスピンコート法により75nmの厚さで成膜し、窒素ガス雰囲気下において、130℃、10分間加熱させることにより発光層を形成した。
なお、仕込みの量から求めた理論値では、C1は0.90質量ppmであり、CHは0質量ppmであり、W1は0.25であり、WHは0.75であり、C1W1+CHWHは0.23質量ppmである。
発光素子D2に電圧を印加することによりEL発光が観測された。100cd/m2における発光効率は7.60[lm/W]、CIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.20,0.44)であった。1000cd/m2におけるCIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.20,0.44)であった。5000cd/m2におけるCIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.19,0.42)であった。初期輝度が1000cd/m2となるように電流値を設定後、定電流で駆動させ、輝度が初期輝度の95%となるまでの時間を測定したところ、124時間であった。初期輝度が5000cd/m2となるように電流値を設定後、定電流で駆動させ、輝度が初期輝度の50%となるまでの時間を測定したところ、24.5時間であった。結果を表5に示す。
(発光素子D3の作製)
実施例D1における(発光層の形成D1)を、下記(発光層の形成D3)に変更した以外は、実施例D1と同様にして、発光素子D3を作製した。
トルエン(関東化学社製:電子工業用(ELグレード))に、化合物HM-1、燐光発光性化合物MC3及び燐光発光性化合物MC2(化合物HM-1/燐光発光性化合物MC3/燐光発光性化合物MC2=75質量%/12.5質量%/12.5質量%)を2.0質量%の濃度で溶解させた。得られたトルエン溶液を用いて、正孔輸送層の上にスピンコート法により75nmの厚さで成膜し、窒素ガス雰囲気下において、130℃、10分間加熱させることにより発光層を形成した。
なお、仕込みの量から求めた理論値では、C1は4.50質量ppmであり、CHは0質量ppmであり、W1は0.25であり、WHは0.75であり、C1W1+CHWHは1.13質量ppmである。
発光素子D3に電圧を印加することによりEL発光が観測された。100cd/m2における発光効率は8.07[lm/W]、CIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.19,0.43)であった。1000cd/m2におけるCIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.19,0.43)であった。5000cd/m2におけるCIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.19,0.42)であった。初期輝度が1000cd/m2となるように電流値を設定後、定電流で駆動させ、輝度が初期輝度の95%となるまでの時間を測定したところ、41時間であった。初期輝度が5000cd/m2となるように電流値を設定後、定電流で駆動させ、輝度が初期輝度の50%となるまでの時間を測定したところ、24.8時間であった。結果を表5に示す。
(発光素子D4の作製)
実施例D1における(発光層の形成D1)を、下記(発光層の形成D4)に変更した以外は、実施例D1と同様にして、発光素子D4を作製した。
トルエン(関東化学社製:電子工業用(ELグレード))に、化合物HM-1及び燐光発光性化合物MC2(化合物HM-1/燐光発光性化合物MC2=75質量%/25質量%)を2.0質量%の濃度で溶解させた。得られたトルエン溶液を用いて、正孔輸送層の上にスピンコート法により75nmの厚さで成膜し、窒素ガス雰囲気下において、130℃、10分間加熱させることにより発光層を形成した。
なお、仕込みの量から求めた理論値では、C1は9.00質量ppmであり、CHは0質量ppmであり、W1は0.25であり、WHは0.75であり、C1W1+CHWHは2.25質量ppmである。
発光素子D4に電圧を印加することによりEL発光が観測された。100cd/m2における発光効率は8.48[lm/W]、CIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.20,0.44)であった。1000cd/m2におけるCIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.20,0.44)であった。5000cd/m2におけるCIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.19,0.41)であった。初期輝度が1000cd/m2となるように電流値を設定後、定電流で駆動させ、輝度が初期輝度の95%となるまでの時間を測定したところ、18時間であった。初期輝度が5000cd/m2となるように電流値を設定後、定電流で駆動させ、輝度が初期輝度の50%となるまでの時間を測定したところ、24.4時間であった。結果を表5に示す。
(発光素子D5の作製)
実施例D1における(発光層の形成D1)を、下記(発光層の形成D5)に変更した以外は、実施例D1と同様にして、発光素子D5を作製した。
トルエン(関東化学社製:電子工業用(ELグレード))に、化合物HM-1、燐光発光性化合物MC2及び燐光発光性化合物MC1(化合物HM-1/燐光発光性化合物MC2/燐光発光性化合物MC1=75質量%/12.5質量%/12.5質量%)を2.0質量%の濃度で溶解させた。得られたトルエン溶液を用いて、正孔輸送層の上にスピンコート法により75nmの厚さで成膜し、窒素ガス雰囲気下において、130℃、10分間加熱させることにより発光層を形成した。
なお、仕込みの量から求めた理論値では、C1は12.5質量ppmであり、CHは0質量ppmであり、W1は0.25であり、WHは0.75であり、C1W1+CHWHは3.13質量ppmである。
発光素子D5に電圧を印加することによりEL発光が観測された。100cd/m2における発光効率は6.34[lm/W]、CIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.19,0.42)であった。1000cd/m2におけるCIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.19,0.43)であった。5000cd/m2におけるCIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.19,0.41)であった。初期輝度が1000cd/m2となるように電流値を設定後、定電流で駆動させ、輝度が初期輝度の95%となるまでの時間を測定したところ、8.3時間であった。初期輝度が5000cd/m2となるように電流値を設定後、定電流で駆動させ、輝度が初期輝度の50%となるまでの時間を測定したところ、24.0時間であった。結果を表5に示す。
(発光素子CD1の作製)
実施例D1における(発光層の形成D1)を、下記(発光層の形成CD1)に変更した以外は、実施例D1と同様にして、発光素子CD1を作製した。
トルエン(関東化学社製:電子工業用(ELグレード))に、化合物HM-1及び燐光発光性化合物MC1(化合物HM-1/燐光発光性化合物MC1=75質量%/25質量%)を2.0質量%の濃度で溶解させた。得られたトルエン溶液を用いて、正孔輸送層の上にスピンコート法により75nmの厚さで成膜し、窒素ガス雰囲気下において、130℃、10分間加熱させることにより発光層を形成した。
なお、仕込みの量から求めた理論値では、C1は16.0質量ppmであり、CHは0質量ppmであり、W1は0.25であり、WHは0.75であり、C1W1+CHWHは4.00質量ppmである。
発光素子CD1に電圧を印加することによりEL発光が観測された。100cd/m2における発光効率は6.33[lm/W]、CIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.19,0.41)であった。1000cd/m2におけるCIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.20,0.43)であった。5000cd/m2におけるCIE色度座標(x,y)は(0.19,0.41)であった。初期輝度が1000cd/m2となるように電流値を設定後、定電流で駆動させ、輝度が初期輝度の95%となるまでの時間を測定したところ、5.3時間であった。初期輝度が5000cd/m2となるように電流値を設定後、定電流で駆動させ、輝度が初期輝度の50%となるまでの時間を測定したところ、26.3時間であった。結果を表5に示す。
Claims (19)
- 式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物とホスト材料とが配合された組成物であって、
前記燐光発光性化合物に不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量が、前記組成物に配合される固形分全量に対して、3.5質量ppm以下である、組成物。
M1は、ロジウム原子、パラジウム原子、イリジウム原子又は白金原子を表す。
n1は1以上の整数を表し、n2は0以上の整数を表し、n1+n2は2又は3である。M1がロジウム原子又はイリジウム原子の場合、n1+n2は3であり、M1がパラジウム原子又は白金原子の場合、n1+n2は2である。
E1及びE2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子又は窒素原子を表す。但し、E1及びE2の少なくとも一方は炭素原子である。
環R1は、5員の芳香族複素環を表し、この環は置換基を有していてもよい。該置換基が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。環R1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
環R2は、芳香族炭化水素環又は芳香族複素環を表し、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。該置換基が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。環R2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
環R1が有していてもよい置換基と環R2が有していてもよい置換基とは、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。
A1-G1-A2は、アニオン性の2座配位子を表す。A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子、酸素原子又は窒素原子を表し、これらの原子は環を構成する原子であってもよい。G1は、単結合、又は、A1及びA2とともに2座配位子を構成する原子団を表す。A1-G1-A2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。] - 前記燐光発光性化合物に不純物として含まれる塩素原子及び前記ホスト材料に不純物として含まれる塩素原子の総量が、前記組成物に配合される固形分全量に対して、3.5質量ppm以下である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記塩素原子の総量が、前記組成物に配合される固形分全量に対して、0.8質量ppm以下である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記塩素原子の総量が、前記組成物に配合される固形分全量に対して、0.01質量ppm以上3.0質量ppm以下である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記塩素原子の総量が、前記組成物に配合される固形分全量に対して、0.1質量ppm以上0.8質量ppm以下である、請求項2~4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記燐光発光性化合物が、式(1-A)で表される化合物である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
M1、n1、n2、E1及びA1-G1-A2は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
E11A、E12A、E13A、E21A、E22A、E23A及びE24Aは、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子又は炭素原子を表す。E11A、E12A、E13A、E21A、E22A、E23A及びE24Aが複数存在する場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。E11Aが窒素原子の場合、R11Aは存在しても存在しなくてもよい。E12Aが窒素原子の場合、R12Aは存在しても存在しなくてもよい。E13Aが窒素原子の場合、R13Aは存在しても存在しなくてもよい。E21Aが窒素原子の場合、R21Aは存在しない。E22Aが窒素原子の場合、R22Aは存在しない。E23Aが窒素原子の場合、R23Aは存在しない。E24Aが窒素原子の場合、R24Aは存在しない。
R11A、R12A、R13A、R21A、R22A、R23A及びR24Aは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、アリールオキシ基、1価の複素環基、置換アミノ基又はフッ素原子を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。R11A、R12A、R13A、R21A、R22A、R23A及びR24Aが複数存在する場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。R11AとR12A、R12AとR13A、R11AとR21A、R21AとR22A、R22AとR23A、及び、R23AとR24Aは、それぞれ結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。
環R1Aは、窒素原子、E1、E11A、E12A及びE13Aで構成されるトリアゾール環又はジアゾール環を表す。
環R2Aは、2つの炭素原子、E21A、E22A、E23A及びE24Aで構成されるベンゼン環、ピリジン環又はピリミジン環を表す。] - 前記燐光発光性化合物が、式(1-A3)で表される化合物であり、
前記R11Aが、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基である、請求項7に記載の組成物。 - 前記ホスト材料が、式(H-1)で表される化合物である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
ArH1及びArH2は、それぞれ独立に、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
nH1及びnH2は、それぞれ独立に、0又は1を表す。nH1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。複数存在するnH2は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。
nH3は、0以上の整数を表す。
LH1は、アリーレン基、2価の複素環基、又は、-[C(RH11)2]nH11-で表される基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。LH1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
nH11は、1以上10以下の整数を表す。RH11は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するRH11は、同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する炭素原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。
LH2は、-N(-LH21-RH21)-で表される基を表す。LH2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
LH21は、単結合、アリーレン基又は2価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。RH21は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。] - 正孔輸送材料、正孔注入材料、電子輸送材料、電子注入材料、発光材料、酸化防止剤及び溶媒からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の材料をさらに含有する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物であって、
不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量が、前記燐光発光性化合物の全量に対して、15質量ppm以下である、燐光発光性化合物。
M1は、ロジウム原子、パラジウム原子、イリジウム原子又は白金原子を表す。
n1は1以上の整数を表し、n2は0以上の整数を表し、n1+n2は2又は3である。M1がロジウム原子又はイリジウム原子の場合、n1+n2は3であり、M1がパラジウム原子又は白金原子の場合、n1+n2は2である。
E1及びE2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子又は窒素原子を表す。但し、E1及びE2の少なくとも一方は炭素原子である。
環R1は、5員の芳香族複素環を表し、この環は置換基を有していてもよい。該置換基が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。環R1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
環R2は、芳香族炭化水素環又は芳香族複素環を表し、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。該置換基が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。環R2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
環R1が有していてもよい置換基と環R2が有していてもよい置換基とは、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。
A1-G1-A2は、アニオン性の2座配位子を表す。A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子、酸素原子又は窒素原子を表し、これらの原子は環を構成する原子であってもよい。G1は、単結合、又は、A1及びA2とともに2座配位子を構成する原子団を表す。A1-G1-A2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。] - 前記式(1)で表される燐光発光性化合物が、式(1-A)で表される化合物である、請求項11に記載の燐光発光性化合物。
M1、n1、n2、E1及びA1-G1-A2は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
E11A、E12A、E13A、E21A、E22A、E23A及びE24Aは、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子又は炭素原子を表す。E11A、E12A、E13A、E21A、E22A、E23A及びE24Aが複数存在する場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。E11Aが窒素原子の場合、R11Aは存在しても存在しなくてもよい。E12Aが窒素原子の場合、R12Aは存在しても存在しなくてもよい。E13Aが窒素原子の場合、R13Aは存在しても存在しなくてもよい。E21Aが窒素原子の場合、R21Aは存在しない。E22Aが窒素原子の場合、R22Aは存在しない。E23Aが窒素原子の場合、R23Aは存在しない。E24Aが窒素原子の場合、R24Aは存在しない。
R11A、R12A、R13A、R21A、R22A、R23A及びR24Aは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、アリールオキシ基、1価の複素環基、置換アミノ基又はフッ素原子を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。R11A、R12A、R13A、R21A、R22A、R23A及びR24Aが複数存在する場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。R11AとR12A、R12AとR13A、R11AとR21A、R21AとR22A、R22AとR23A、及び、R23AとR24Aは、それぞれ結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。
環R1Aは、窒素原子、E1、E11A、E12A及びE13Aで構成されるトリアゾール環又はジアゾール環を表す。
環R2Aは、2つの炭素原子、E21A、E22A、E23A及びE24Aで構成されるベンゼン環、ピリジン環又はピリミジン環を表す。] - 前記燐光発光性化合物が、式(1-A3)で表される化合物であり、
前記R11Aが、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基である、請求項13に記載の燐光発光性化合物。 - 前記不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量が、0.9質量ppm以下である、請求項11~14のいずれか一項に記載の燐光発光性化合物。
- 前記不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量が、0.01質量ppm以上12質量ppm以下である、請求項11~14のいずれか一項に記載の燐光発光性化合物。
- 前記不純物として含まれる塩素原子の量が、0.1質量ppm以上0.9質量ppm以下である、請求項15又は16に記載の燐光発光性化合物。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含む有機層を備える、発光素子。
- 請求項11~17のいずれか一項に記載の燐光発光性化合物が配合された有機層を備える、発光素子。
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US16/801,663 US20200194695A1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2020-02-26 | Composition, phosphorescent compound, and light emitting device |
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CN108496259A (zh) | 2018-09-04 |
KR20180104086A (ko) | 2018-09-19 |
EP3410508A1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
US20190036046A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
EP3410508A4 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
CN108496259B (zh) | 2020-03-03 |
KR20220000988A (ko) | 2022-01-04 |
JP2021120952A (ja) | 2021-08-19 |
KR102345329B1 (ko) | 2022-01-03 |
US20200194695A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
JP6427681B2 (ja) | 2018-11-21 |
JP2019034957A (ja) | 2019-03-07 |
JPWO2017130977A1 (ja) | 2018-02-08 |
KR20200006627A (ko) | 2020-01-20 |
KR102099524B1 (ko) | 2020-04-09 |
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