Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
  • B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
  • G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
  • G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
  • G06F1/1633—Constructional details or arrangements of portable computers not specific to the type of enclosures covered by groups G06F1/1615 - G06F1/1626
  • G06F1/1656—Details related to functional adaptations of the enclosure, e.g. to provide protection against EMI, shock, water, or to host detachable peripherals like a mouse or removable expansions units like PCMCIA cards, or to provide access to internal components for maintenance or to removable storage supports like CDs or DVDs, or to mechanically mount accessories
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
  • B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
  • B01D67/0004—Organic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles
  • B01D67/00044—Organic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles by plasma spraying
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
  • B01D69/105—Support pretreatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
  • B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
  • B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
  • B01D69/127—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction using electrical discharge or plasma-polymerisation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
  • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
  • B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
  • B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
  • B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
  • B81C1/00134—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems comprising flexible or deformable structures
  • B81C1/00158—Diaphragms, membranes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
  • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
  • D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
  • D06M10/02—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonic; Corona discharge
  • D06M10/025—Corona discharge or low temperature plasma
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
  • D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
  • D06M10/08—Organic compounds
  • D06M10/10—Macromolecular compounds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
  • D06M14/18—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials using wave energy or particle radiation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G10K13/00—Cones, diaphragms, or the like, for emitting or receiving sound in general
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
  • H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
  • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
  • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
  • H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
  • H04R7/10—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising superposed layers in contact
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
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  • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
  • B01D2239/0414—Surface modifiers, e.g. comprising ion exchange groups
  • B01D2239/0421—Rendering the filter material hydrophilic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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  • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
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  • B01D2239/0428—Rendering the filter material hydrophobic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
  • B01D2239/0471—Surface coating material
  • B01D2239/0478—Surface coating material on a layer of the filter
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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  • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
  • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
  • B01D2239/0631—Electro-spun
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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  • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
  • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
  • B01D2239/0668—The layers being joined by heat or melt-bonding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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  • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
  • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
  • B01D2239/0681—The layers being joined by gluing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
  • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
  • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
  • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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  • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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  • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
  • D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
  • D01D5/0084—Coating by electro-spinning, i.e. the electro-spun fibres are not removed from the collecting device but remain integral with it, e.g. coating of prostheses
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
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  • D06M2200/11—Oleophobic properties
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
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• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
  • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
  • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
  • H04R7/122—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers
  • H04R7/125—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising a plurality of superposed layers in contact

Definitions

• the invention relates to a composite membrane according to the preamble of claim 1.
• the invention relates to a method for producing a composite membrane according to the preamble of claim 9.
• a generic composite membrane and a method for producing this are known from US 201 1/0177741 A1. There is described a non-woven fabric having a backing layer and a barrier layer, both of which are constructed of fibers.
• US 2008/0220676 A1 discloses a garment which has a fabric layer and a layer of coated nanofibers. First, the layer of nanofibers is produced, which is then provided with a liquid coating. Subsequently, the thus coated fiber layer is connected to a fabric layer.
• US 2010/0136865 A1 relates to a nonwoven repository of coated nanofibers.
• a composite textile for a garment with an inner fabric layer, an outer fabric layer and a barrier layer of a non-woven membrane of fibers is disclosed in WO 2013/043397 A2.
• the fiber membrane becomes provided with a plasma coating before it is connected to the tissue layers.
• US 2013/0197664 A1 describes a filter medium with an electro-spinning membrane, which is applied to a support structure.
• the support structure can be made of metal, ceramic, fiberglass, graphite or a polymer material.
• the acoustic component comprises a microporous membrane layer on which a layer of fine fibers is applied.
• the microporous membrane layer serves as a support layer.
• One of the challenges here is to prevent access of harmful liquids or nanoscale dust to the electronic components of an acoustic component, but not to distort the sound image.
• the invention is based on the invention of providing a composite membrane and a process for producing a composite membrane, which provide high protection against the harmful influence of liquids, such as moisture, sweat, grease and / or oils, as well as dust and dirt.
• the composite membrane according to the invention is characterized in that the composite has at least one carrier layer and an electro-spinning membrane, which is arranged on the at least one carrier layer, wherein the electro-spinning membrane is formed of superimposed fibers to form a pore structure, wherein the Pore structure is formed, that the Composite has a water column of at least 1 m and air permeability of 5 L / m 2 * s.
• the fibers may be formed as nanofibers or microfibers for forming a nanostructure or microstructure.
• the fibers preferably form a three-dimensional non-woven network.
• Such a composite also meets very strict protection class requirements.
• the air permeability is determined according to the ISO 9237: 1995-12 standard and the water column according to the ISO 81 1: 1981 standard.
• the inventive method for producing a composite membrane is characterized in that a carrier layer is provided and on the carrier layer by the electro-spinning method, a membrane is formed, wherein the membrane is made of superimposed fibers having a defined pore structure.
• the defined pore structure relates in particular to a defined pore size and a defined pore distribution. This can be advantageous in particular for a high porosity of the composite.
• a basic idea of the invention is to provide a composite wherein the composite is formed with a high porosity, which allows the passage of gases, in particular of air, whereas liquids are retained by the composite.
• the membrane of the composite according to the invention differs from other (polymer) membranes in particular by a multi-layered network, three-dimensionally networked nest or lattice-like structure with a high specific surface area, ie a high surface area to volume ratio.
• Conventional membranes which are used for water-repellent applications for example polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE - Gore-Tex®), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and also classic membranes, have a laminar, dense film structure. These membranes are structurally impermeable to air (0 L / m 2 * s).
• the well-known "breathable" property of film membranes, especially PTFE membranes is not due to a pore structure but rather to a direct interaction of the membrane material with water vapor.
• the PTFE and ePTFE membranes can contain harmful raw material residues and traces of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).
• PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid
• the composite is free of chlorine and bromine.
• the composite according to the invention is according to IEC 61249-2-21 (bromine ⁇ 900 ppm, chlorine ⁇ 900 ppm, total halogen content ⁇ 1500 ppm), IPC 4101 B (bromine ⁇ 900 ppm, chlorine ⁇ 900 ppm, total halogen content ⁇ 1500 ppm) and JPCA ES-01 - 1999 (bromine ⁇ 900 ppm, chlorine ⁇ 900 ppm) free of halogens and pollutants such as PFOA PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid)
• the ability of the composite to retain water is defined as the unit of "water column.”
• Water column is a unit for measuring the pressure on a surface, such as a fabric assembly or composite.
• a pressure of 1 m water column is defined as the pressure corresponding to the hydrostatic pressure in 1 m water depth.
• the details of the water column relate to a hydrostatic pressure at 20 ° C. water temperature, in particular according to ISO 81 1: 1981.
• a certain water column of the composite according to the invention is given (for example 5 m) if the composite shows no appreciable permeability to water in the case of a corresponding hydrostatic pressure acting unilaterally on the composite.
• the specified water column is therefore a measure of the tightness of the composite according to the invention with respect to water.
• the composite according to the invention preferably has a water column of 5 m, preferably 10 m, particularly preferably 35 m.
• the claimed according to the invention air permeability of the composite is based on a differential pressure measurement at 20 ° C and 65% relative humidity.
• the unilaterally applied pressure to the composite is 200 Pa (Pascal) in the measurement and the test area is 20 cm 2 of the composite, in particular according to ISO 9237: 1995-12.
• the air volume passing through the composite under these conditions corresponds to 1/500 of the volume flow which passes through 1 m 2 of the composite in 1 second (L / m 2 * s).
• the volume flow of air which passes through 1 m 2 of the composite in 1 second is the air permeability claimed according to the invention.
• the air permeability of the composite is preferably 10 L / m 2 * s, preferably 30 L / m 2 * s, particularly preferably 50 L / m 2 * s.
• a preferred embodiment of the composite according to the invention is that the composite is provided with a plasma coating, according to the PECVD method.
• the plasma coating is formed so that it complements the properties of the composite, in particular a bead effect (so-called lotus effect), provides an antistatic effect and / or a non-stick coating.
• at least the crosslinked plasma polymer, ie the plasma coating can contribute to the oil, grease and / or water-repellent properties of the composite.
• the composite, in particular the plasma coating preferably has a low surface energy with a water contact angle of at least 120 °, particularly preferably with a water contact angle of 140 ° or more, according to measurement according to DIN 55660-2: 201 1 -12.
• Variants of the inventive composite were subjected to the oil drop test in accordance with DIN EN ISO 14419: 2010. As can be seen from FIG. 5, all embodiments have a good (6) to very good (8) rating. In (water) spray tests in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4920: 2012 and the determination of the bead effect according to the Federal test in accordance with ISO 9865: 1991, all embodiments of the composite according to the invention achieved the highest grade (5 out of 5).
• Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition is a surface coating method that promotes the chemical deposition of a coating substrate through a plasma.
• the plasma can be generated directly on the substrate to be coated (direct plasma method) or in a separate chamber (remote plasma method).
• direct plasma method direct plasma method
• remote plasma method reactive plasma particles
• plasma particles reactive plasma particles
• plasma radicals and ions generated
• So can provide a surface coating which provides a highly crosslinked polymer structure over conventional wet-chemical polymerization processes, but does not occlude the pores of a coated membrane.
• the carrier layer according to the invention is a monofilament fabric, wherein it in particular assumes a supporting and / or protective function with respect to the membrane.
• the carrier layer is formed with low acoustic impedance, water, oil, grease and / or dust repellent properties.
• a precise selection of the carrier layer, in particular its yarn count, geometry, surface texture and the proportion of open areas can have a considerable influence on the final composite function.
• the fabric preferably has a diameter of the filament or yarn of 10 ⁇ to 400 ⁇ and a mesh size of up to 300 ⁇ on.
• the composite according to the invention is particularly balanced with regard to its acoustic properties and its protective properties. It is possible to create custom-made composites with regard to a defined porosity and a defined density of plasma-functional groups.
• the plasma coating is formed both on the electrospinning membrane and on the at least one carrier layer.
• the oil, grease and / or water-repellent property of the composite can be ensured regardless of whether the carrier layer facing the acoustic component or disposed away.
• the plasma particles it is particularly preferred in this case for the plasma particles to penetrate into the pores of the composite and to coat or coat the fibers individually with the coating.
• the plasma polymerization it is possible to influence the density of the functional groups and the type of plasma polymer.
• the plasma coating is particularly preferred for the plasma coating to be formed from a material having a hydrophobic and / or oleophobic property.
• the plasma coating can lead to an increase in the oil, grease and and / or water-repellent properties of the composite, in particular the properties of the electro-spinning membrane contribute.
• the material is at least saturated mono- and / or polyunsaturated, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, alkenes, alkynes, amides, amines, nitriles, thioethers, carboxylic acid esters, thioesters, sulfones, thioketones, thioaldehydes, sulfene , Sulfenamides, fluoroacrylates, siloxanes, epoxies, urethanes and / or acrylates.
• Particularly preferred are materials that, when using a plasma coating process, release free radicals or ions that contribute to a nonpolar Teflon-like surface on the composite.
• the carrier layer is firmly connected to the membrane. This can prevent delamination and / or relative displacement of the layers.
• the support layer may be connected to the membrane both in an edge region of the composite circumferentially continuously or punctually as well as in an inner region of the composite line or punctiform.
• the membrane is arranged between two carrier layers. It can therefore be provided at least three layers.
• the membrane may in this case be covered on both sides by carrier layers at least partially.
• the at least two carrier layers can have the same requirements (sandwich arrangement) or different properties (hybrid arrangement), which can complement each other in their mode of action.
• a first carrier layer may be formed, for example, with a hydrophobic, that is, oil, grease and / or water-repellent property, wherein the second carrier layer may be formed in particular dust-repellent, for example anti-static.
• a plurality of carrier layers and a plurality of membranes in the composite are arranged alternately.
• the individual carrier layers and membranes can be formed, for example, with different porosity, pore distribution, hydrophobicity, oleobiobicity and different dust-repellent properties.
• the membrane is formed with an average pore diameter of 0.08 ⁇ to 100 ⁇ .
• the average pore diameter can be adjusted during the production of the membrane by the electrospinning method and can be adapted to the needs of the composite as needed.
• the pore diameter of individual pores preferably deviates from the average pore diameter by not more than 500%, preferably not more than 300%, particularly preferably not more than 100%.
• the fibers are preferably formed by membranes with a diameter of 40 nm to 500 nm, particularly preferably 80 nm to 250 nm.
• the diameters of individual fibers of a membrane preferably have similar diameters.
• the diameter of individual fibers differs from an average fiber diameter by less than 500%, preferably 300%, more preferably less than 100%.
• the membrane according to the invention can also be used for example in medical technology, filter technology, in acoustic vents, ventilation filters, in fuel filtration, in water separation, in clothing, in packaging, in construction and electronic seals, in shoes, in wound dressings or in face masks.
• the individually adjustable porosity of the composite according to the invention can, for example, advantageously contribute to a separation of solids in a gas stream or provide a breathable coating which can be used in wound treatment.
• a basic idea of the method according to the invention is to form an electrospinning membrane on a carrier layer.
• the membrane can be formed with a defined porosity, that is to say at least with a defined pore size and / or pore distribution, whereby a density of membrane-forming fibers is set.
• the proportionate volume of the fibers as well as the average number of fibers in a considered volume of the membrane can be adjusted.
• the carrier layer can in this case serve in particular as a stabilizing and / or protective support for the membrane.
• the membrane with the Carrier layer by means of a hot-melt process, in particular by means of a laser, by ultrasonic welding, by lamination, by gluing, by plasma treatment or a combination thereof is firmly connected.
• the bonding can be carried out in particular with an epoxy, acrylate and / or polyurethane adhesive. Delamination can be reliably prevented.
• the connecting points between carrier layer and membrane are provided punctiform or linear and are distributed uniformly over the composite, which can promote only a slight loss of porosity or air permeability.
• the electro-spinning membrane may be produced directly on the carrier layer, wherein the membrane bonds firmly to the carrier layer.
• a first carrier layer for example a carrier web or a carrier web
• the carrier layer according to the invention for example a woven fabric
• the direct provision of the membrane on the carrier layer according to the invention can prevent complex transfer processes of the membrane.
• the surface of the support layer can be chemically and / or morphologically modified, whereby the membrane can adhere to the support layer in a particularly fixed position during the formation.
• the membrane can be provided with a layer thickness of less than 100 ⁇ , in particular less than 50 ⁇ , preferably with a layer thickness of 1 to 10 ⁇ . According to the invention, even a membrane with these low layer thicknesses can contribute to the water column and air permeability according to the invention.
• At least one further carrier layer is provided, which is likewise connected to the membrane, the membrane being arranged between the carrier layers.
• the membrane can be provided on both sides with a respective carrier layer.
• the composite can be formed with at least two support layers and at least two membrane layers, wherein the membrane layers are arranged one above the other.
• at least one carrier layer is arranged between the first membrane and the at least second membrane.
• the composite is provided with a surface coating by a plasma coating process, whereby it is possible to introduce special functional groups on the surface of the composite or to modify the surface of the composite.
• the oil, grease, dirt and / or water-repellent properties of the composite can be influenced particularly advantageously, with the porosity and / or the air permeability of the coated membrane substantially matching that in the uncoated state.
• a thin film having a specific surface function is applied to the surface of the composite, in particular the individual fibers of the membrane and / or the individual fibers or filaments of the carrier layers.
• pore diameter of a membrane according to the invention is not fundamentally changed by a coating after a plasma-assisted vapor deposition, such as the PECVD process.
• plasma polymers may have embedded fluorine-containing and / or fluorine-free functional groups which are free of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) as impurity, which are already world-wide as a threat to the environment were identified.
• PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid
• PFOS perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the composite according to the invention in the so-called "sandwich" arrangement
• multi-layer shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of the composite according to the invention with a multi-layered structure ("multi-layer");
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of the composite according to the invention in a "hybrid" arrangement with two different carrier layers;
• Fig. 5 shows in tabular form the result of several tests on composites according to the invention.
• the composite 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the composite 10 according to the invention with a carrier layer 11.
• a membrane 12 is arranged, which is formed by the electro-spinning method and applied to the carrier layer 1 1.
• Die Membran 12 ist mit für Membran 12occ.
• the composite may be formed with at least one connecting point 13, which firmly connects the two layers together. This may in particular be a melting or splice in the form of dots or lines. Due to the small layer thicknesses of the carrier material 11 and the membrane 12, the composite can be completely penetrated at the connection point through the connection point 13.
• the composite 10, in particular the electro-spinning membrane 12 may be formed with a porosity.
• the surface of the composite 10 as well as the fibers of the pores may be coated with a coating which is applied in particular by the plasma coating method.
• the surface coating of the fibers is shown schematically in the figures by the drawn points and lines 14 are shown.
• the composite 10 may be completely surface-coated with the plasma polymer. This can likewise comprise fibers of the region lying in an inner or deeper composite 10 in the pores of the membrane 12. It can therefore be coated not only the macroscopic outer surface of the composite, but also the microscopic inner surface, so for example, fibers, depressions and bumps, wherein the individual fibers are individually wrapped or sheathed.
• FIG. 2 shows the composite 10 according to the invention in a so-called "sandwich” arrangement, in which the membrane 12 is arranged between two carrier layers 11, whereby the membrane 12 is protected, in particular, against mechanical stress between the layers
• an air permeability of 15.6 L / m 2 * s can be achieved
• an air permeability of up to 50 L / m 2 * s can be achieved.
• any possible arrangement of layers in a composite 10 these may be arranged one upon another by simple lamination.
• the layers can also be firmly connected to each other via connecting points 13, whereby a particularly reliable mechanical strength of the composite 10 can be achieved.
• FIG. 3 shows a multilayer arrangement of the composite 10 (multi-layer).
• support layers 1 1 and membrane layers 12 are provided alternately stacked.
• two carrier layers 1 1 and two membrane layers 12 are provided.
• a multilayered arrangement can also have any number of carrier layers 11 and / or membrane layers 12. It is likewise possible to provide two membrane layers 12 directly above one another as needed between two or more carrier layers.
• the plasma coating can be provided on the microscopic surface of all superposed membrane layers 12 and carrier layers 11. Accordingly, the plasma coating can be provided on internal surfaces of the composite 10, even with a multilayer structure.
• the membrane 12 is arranged between a first carrier layer 11 and a second carrier layer 15.
• the first carrier layer 1 1 can be designed in particular as a woven fabric
• the second carrier layer 15 differs from the first carrier layer 11 and in particular can be provided as a nonwoven.
• a plasma coating can be provided on the entire surface of the composite 10, wherein the plasma polymerization can also take place within the composite 10 in deeper layers, for example within pore openings.
• oil drop test the oleophobicity of a surface is determined by the form of an oil drop on the surface to be tested, using standardized oils (1 to 8; Fig. 5) Also with oils 6, 7 and 8 a particularly repellent behavior, whereby the oil drop is present in each case as a pearl on the surface.
• the best result is represented in this test by the note 8, which corresponds to a bead formation in all 8 oils used. All the embodiments according to the invention have good (grade 6) to very good (grade 8) oleophobic properties.
• Composites according to the invention achieve the highest grade (5 of 5, Fig. 5) in the Federal test and in the spray test.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Multimedia (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Filtering Materials (AREA)
• Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-04-14 EP EP18154106.1A patent/EP3348393B1/de active Active
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• 2017
  • 2017-01-13 CN CN201780000880.4A patent/CN107438518B/zh active Active
  • 2017-01-13 US US15/555,375 patent/US10571970B2/en active Active
  • 2017-01-13 JP JP2017545921A patent/JP6715855B2/ja active Active
  • 2017-01-13 WO PCT/EP2017/050645 patent/WO2017129418A1/de not_active Ceased
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