CN104817842A - 一种亲水性聚苯胺纳米纤维膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种亲水性聚苯胺纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:(1)配氧化液;(2)制本征态的聚苯胺;(3)制聚苯胺纳米纤维;(4)热处理;(5)制聚苯胺纳米纤维膜。本发明利用全液相法二次掺杂合成了形貌良好的聚苯胺纳米纤维,所得产物的产率可达146%,溶解率最高可达62%,电导率最高达到3.4S/cm,其制作方法简单易行,五氧化二钒粉体的加入使纤维膜具有强的氧化还原能力,具有大的比表面积,较强的吸附能力,等离子体对纤维膜的氧化作用改善其表面疏水性,壳聚糖作为一种天然的亲水性物质,提高了膜的亲水性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米纤维材料制作技术领域,具体涉及一种亲水性聚苯胺纳米纤维膜的制备方法。
背景技术
在众多导电聚合物材料中,聚苯胺因原料易得、制备过程简单、易于得到不同形貌的纳米级产物,并且其掺杂及解掺杂过程可逆、导电性能良好、电化学性质稳定和环境稳定性好等一系列的优点,成为目前最受关注的导电聚合物之一。纳米结构的聚苯胺由于同时具有纳米结构材料和导电聚合物的独特性质,在分子器件、催化、分离、药物释放、能量存储、微波吸收和传感器等领域均有潜在的用途。
传统的化学氧化聚合法等都可以用于制备纳米结构聚苯胺。通过传统化学氧化法制备的纳米结构聚苯胺的可加工性能较差;界面聚合法虽然能够形成形貌良好的聚苯胺纳米纤维,但由于需要引入有机溶剂,这些有机溶剂会对人类的健康和生存环境产生严重的危害;模板法的后处理过程复杂,且聚合产物的形貌、尺寸可控性差,产率低。因此,为了更好地适应对聚苯胺材料的需求,提供更能迎合可持续发展战略的纳米结构的制备新方法,对于可大规模生产聚苯胺纳米结构的制备方法的研究迫在眉睫。
V2O5 是一种重要的无机材料,在锂离子电池的阴极材料、电致显色、化学传感器等领域具有广阔的应用前景。V2O5 在加热下容易分解为氧和四氧化二钒,是一种强氧化剂,易被还原成各种低价氧化物;V2O5 也是一种重要的催化剂,用于无机和有机催化反应中。
大量研究证明,提高过滤膜的亲水性可以改善膜污染问题。通过静电纺丝可以制备得到直径在数百纳米至1 ~2 微米的纤维构成的多孔膜,但是其亲水性和力学性能均较差。目前提高静电纺纤维膜力学性能的方法主要有加热法和复合增强法,但是加热法获得的静电纺纤维层间粘结力不够,易产生分层现象,而复合增强法在静电纺纤维膜和增强支撑材料之间也易产生粘结不牢现象。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种亲水性聚苯胺纳米纤维膜的制备方法,
本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种亲水性聚苯胺纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)配氧化液:在去离子水中加入硝酸,配制成浓度为1.2-1.4mol/L 的硝酸溶液,然后加入8-10g/L的五氧化二钒粉体,搅拌25-30min;
(2)制本征态的聚苯胺:苯胺和上述制得的氧化液按照摩尔比为1:20混合,溶于浓度为0.06-0.08mol/l盐溶液中,控制温度65-68℃充分反应;
(3)制聚苯胺纳米纤维:向上述溶液中加入浓度为0.3-0.5mol/l的氨水溶液,反应3-4h,将产物分离出来;
(4)热处理:在室温下控制功率40-50W,压强18-22Pa,进行氧气等离子体处理5-6min;
(5)制聚苯胺纳米纤维膜:向上述处理的溶液中加入含有0.2mol/L 壳聚糖粉末的乙酸溶液,将其倒入聚乙烯皿中真空干燥成膜,然后置于流动的水中浸泡8-12h,真空干燥即可。
所述的盐溶液为浓度为20%的氯化钙或硝酸钙溶液。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明利用全液相法二次掺杂合成了形貌良好的聚苯胺纳米纤维,所得产物的产率可达146%,溶解率最高可达62%,电导率最高达到3.4S/cm,其制作方法简单易行,适合大规模工业化生产。
2、五氧化二钒粉体的加入使纤维膜具有强的氧化还原能力,具有大的比表面积,较强的吸附能力,提高了其性能。
3、等离子体对纤维膜的氧化作用改善其表面疏水性,壳聚糖作为一种天然的亲水性物质,提高了膜的亲水性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种亲水性聚苯胺纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)配氧化液:在去离子水中加入硝酸,配制成浓度为1.2mol/L 的硝酸溶液,然后加入8g/L的五氧化二钒粉体,搅拌25min;
(2)制本征态的聚苯胺:苯胺和上述制得的氧化液按照摩尔比为1:20混合,溶于浓度为0.06mol/l浓度为20%的氯化钙或硝酸钙溶液中,控制温度65℃充分反应;
(3)制聚苯胺纳米纤维:向上述溶液中加入浓度为0.3mol/l的氨水溶液,反应4h,将产物分离出来;
(4)热处理:在室温下控制功率40W,压强18Pa,进行氧气等离子体处理6min;
(5)制聚苯胺纳米纤维膜:向上述处理的溶液中加入含有0.2mol/L 壳聚糖粉末的乙酸溶液,将其倒入聚乙烯皿中真空干燥成膜,然后置于流动的水中浸泡8h,真空干燥即可。
实施例2
一种亲水性聚苯胺纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)配氧化液:在去离子水中加入硝酸,配制成浓度为1.3mol/L 的硝酸溶液,然后加入9g/L的五氧化二钒粉体,搅拌28min;
(2)制本征态的聚苯胺:苯胺和上述制得的氧化液按照摩尔比为1:20混合,溶于浓度为0.07mol/l浓度为20%的氯化钙或硝酸钙溶液中,控制温度68℃充分反应;
(3)制聚苯胺纳米纤维:向上述溶液中加入浓度为0.4mol/l的氨水溶液,反应3-4h,将产物分离出来;
(4)热处理:在室温下控制功率45W,压强20Pa,进行氧气等离子体处理6min;
(5)制聚苯胺纳米纤维膜:向上述处理的溶液中加入含有0.2mol/L 壳聚糖粉末的乙酸溶液,将其倒入聚乙烯皿中真空干燥成膜,然后置于流动的水中浸泡10h,真空干燥即可。
实施例3
一种亲水性聚苯胺纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)配氧化液:在去离子水中加入硝酸,配制成浓度为1.4mol/L 的硝酸溶液,然后加入10g/L的五氧化二钒粉体,搅拌30min;
(2)制本征态的聚苯胺:苯胺和上述制得的氧化液按照摩尔比为1:20混合,溶于浓度为0.08mol/l浓度为20%的氯化钙或硝酸钙溶液中,控制温度68℃充分反应;
(3)制聚苯胺纳米纤维:向上述溶液中加入浓度为0.5mol/l的氨水溶液,反应3h,将产物分离出来;
(4)热处理:在室温下控制功率50W,压强22Pa,进行氧气等离子体处理5min;
(5)制聚苯胺纳米纤维膜:向上述处理的溶液中加入含有0.2mol/L 壳聚糖粉末的乙酸溶液,将其倒入聚乙烯皿中真空干燥成膜,然后置于流动的水中浸泡12h,真空干燥即可。
Claims (2)
1.一种亲水性聚苯胺纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)配氧化液:在去离子水中加入硝酸,配制成浓度为1.2-1.4mol/L 的硝酸溶液,然后加入8-10g/L的五氧化二钒粉体,搅拌25-30min;
(2)制本征态的聚苯胺:苯胺和上述制得的氧化液按照摩尔比为1:20混合,溶于浓度为0.06-0.08mol/l盐溶液中,控制温度65-68℃充分反应;
(3)制聚苯胺纳米纤维:向上述溶液中加入浓度为0.3-0.5mol/l的氨水溶液,反应3-4h,将产物分离出来;
(4)热处理:在室温下控制功率40-50W,压强18-22Pa,进行氧气等离子体处理5-6min;
(5)制聚苯胺纳米纤维膜:向上述处理的溶液中加入含有0.2mol/L 壳聚糖粉末的乙酸溶液,将其倒入聚乙烯皿中真空干燥成膜,然后置于流动的水中浸泡8-12h,真空干燥即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水性聚苯胺纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的盐溶液为浓度为20%的氯化钙或硝酸钙溶液。
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Cited By (3)
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CN105148619A (zh) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-16 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 一种聚苯胺修饰多孔材料的方法 |
CN106674558A (zh) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-17 | 广西大学 | 一种聚苯胺/醋酸丁酸纤维素导电复合材料的制备方法 |
CN107438518A (zh) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-12-05 | 塞法尔股份公司 | 复合膜和用于制备复合膜的方法 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105148619A (zh) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-16 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 一种聚苯胺修饰多孔材料的方法 |
CN107438518A (zh) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-12-05 | 塞法尔股份公司 | 复合膜和用于制备复合膜的方法 |
CN106674558A (zh) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-17 | 广西大学 | 一种聚苯胺/醋酸丁酸纤维素导电复合材料的制备方法 |
CN106674558B (zh) * | 2016-11-25 | 2019-11-22 | 广西大学 | 一种聚苯胺/醋酸丁酸纤维素导电复合材料的制备方法 |
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