WO2017122761A1 - 無方向性電磁鋼板とその製造方法 - Google Patents
無方向性電磁鋼板とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1222—Hot rolling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
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- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
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- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
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- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
- H01F1/14775—Fe-Si based alloys in the form of sheets
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-oriented electrical steel sheet used as an iron core material for electrical equipment and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that Sb or Sn is contained in a slab containing C: 0.02 wt% or less, Si or Si + Al: 4.0 wt% or less, Mn: 1.0 wt% or less, and P: 0.2 wt% or less.
- a technique for increasing the magnetic flux density has been proposed. However, this technique has a large variation in magnetic properties, and it is necessary to perform two cold rollings with short-time annealing after hot rolling, resulting in high manufacturing costs.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that C: 0.008 wt% or less, Si: 4 wt% or less, Al: 2.5 wt% or less, Mn: 1.5 wt% or less, P: 0.2 wt% or less, S: 0.
- the MnO composition ratio (MnO / (SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 + CaO + MnO)) of the oxide inclusions present in the hot-rolled sheet containing 005 wt% or less and N: 0.003 wt% or less is controlled to 0.35 or less.
- a technique for reducing the number of inclusions extending in the rolling direction and improving crystal grain growth has been proposed.
- this technique has a problem that when the Ca concentration is high and the Al concentration is low, the magnetic characteristics, particularly the iron loss characteristics become unstable.
- Patent Document 3 As a non-oriented electrical steel sheet with a reduced Al content, for example, in Patent Document 3, the texture is improved by reducing the Al content to 0.017 mass% or less, preferably 0.005 mass% or less.
- techniques for increasing the magnetic flux density have been proposed.
- JP 05-171280 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-060532 Japanese Patent No. 4126479
- Patent Document 3 since the technique disclosed in Patent Document 3 employs the one-time rolling method at room temperature for cold rolling, a sufficient effect of improving the magnetic flux density cannot be obtained.
- This problem can be solved by making the cold rolling two or more cold rollings with intermediate annealing interposed therebetween, but another problem arises that the manufacturing cost increases. It is also effective for improving the magnetic flux density that the cold rolling is so-called warm rolling in which the plate temperature is raised to about 200 ° C.
- warm rolling in which the plate temperature is raised to about 200 ° C.
- new equipment correspondence and complicated process management are required.
- Patent Document 3 when Al is reduced but N is not reduced, AlN is finely precipitated during cooling of hot-rolled sheet annealing, and grain growth during recrystallization annealing is suppressed, and iron is reduced. It is described that the loss is deteriorated.
- the Al content is reduced, non-oriented electrical steel sheets with high magnetic flux density and low iron loss can be produced at low cost without the need for new equipment and complicated process management. The fact is that it is difficult to manufacture well.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and its purpose is to provide a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a low Al content and excellent recyclability, a high magnetic flux density and a low iron loss. It is to provide a method for manufacturing the steel sheet at low cost with high productivity.
- the inventors made extensive studies by paying attention to the relationship between the component composition of the oxide inclusions present in the steel sheet and the magnetic properties.
- it is effective to increase grain growth in hot-rolled sheet annealing and finish annealing.
- Si is added, Al is reduced as much as possible, and then the Ca alloy is added, so that the concentration ratio of total Ca to total oxygen in the steel (T.Ca) /T.O) within the proper range is important, and preferably, sol.
- the present invention relates to C: 0.0050 mass% or less, Si: 0.1 to 5.0 mass%, Mn: 0.02 to 3.0 mass%, sol. Al: 0.0050 mass% or less, P: 0.2 mass% or less, S: 0.0050 mass% or less and N: 0.0040 mass% or less, with the balance being a component composition comprising Fe and inevitable impurities
- the total Ca concentration (T.Ca) in the steel is 0.0010 to 0.0080 mass% and the total oxygen concentration (TO) is 0.0100 mass% or less
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet has a concentration ratio (T.Ca/TO) of 0.50 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is sol.
- the Al concentration ratio (sol. Al / Si) is 0.0020 or less.
- the present invention relates to C: 0.0050 mass% or less, Si: 0.1 to 5.0 mass%, Mn: 0.02 to 3.0 mass%, sol. Al: 0.0050 mass% or less, P: 0.2 mass% or less, S: 0.0050 mass% or less and N: 0.0040 mass% or less, with the balance being a component composition comprising Fe and inevitable impurities Steel sheet having a total Ca concentration (T.Ca) in the steel of 0.0010 to 0.0080 mass%, a total oxygen concentration (TO) of 0.0100 mass% or less, and a sheet thickness cross section in the rolling direction.
- T.Ca total Ca concentration
- TO total oxygen concentration
- composition ratio of CaO size in the thickness direction with respect to SiO 2 in the oxide inclusions of more than 0.2 [mu] m (CaO / SiO 2) is non-directional, which is 0.50 to 4.0 It is a magnetic steel sheet.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention is against (CaO + SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 ) in an oxide-based inclusion having a thickness in the thickness direction of 0.2 ⁇ m or more, which exists in a thickness-thickness section in the rolling direction.
- Al composition ratio of 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 / (CaO + SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3) is equal to or more than 0.15.
- non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention may be one or more selected from Sn: 0.01 to 0.1 mass% and Sb: 0.01 to 0.1 mass% in addition to the above component composition. It contains two types.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention further includes Cu: 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, Ni: 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, and Cr: 0.01 to 0. 1 type or 2 types or more chosen from 0.5 mass%, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
- non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention may be one or more selected from REM: 0.0001 to 0.0050 mass% and Mg: 0.0001 to 0.0050 mass% in addition to the above component composition. It contains two types.
- this invention hot-rolls the hot-rolled sheet after hot-rolling the slab containing any of the above-described component compositions and oxide inclusions into a hot-rolled sheet.
- a non-oriented electrical steel sheet that is cold-rolled and subjected to finish annealing, wherein the coil winding temperature in the hot rolling is 550 ° C. or higher. Propose.
- the present invention hot-rolls a slab containing any of the above-described component compositions and oxide inclusions into a hot-rolled sheet, and after performing hot-rolled sheet annealing, cold-rolled,
- a method for producing a non-oriented electrical steel sheet, which is subjected to finish annealing, is characterized in that the hot-rolled sheet annealing is performed at a temperature of 900 to 1150 ° C.
- the present invention is a method for producing a non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to any one of the above, wherein after the desulfurization treatment and the dephosphorization treatment are performed on the hot metal, the molten steel refined in the converter is vacuum degassed. After decarburizing C to 0.0050 mass% or less, an element and / or alloy for component adjustment is added, and then a CaSi alloy is added to the ladle, and the total Ca concentration in the steel (T.Ca) 0.0010 to 0.0080 mass%, the total oxygen concentration (TO) is 0.0100 mass% or less, and the concentration ratio of total Ca to total oxygen (T.Ca/TO) is 0.50 or more and 2.0.
- the manufacturing method of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet characterized by the following is proposed.
- a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having high magnetic flux density, low iron loss, and excellent recyclability can be provided at low cost without the need for new facilities and complicated process management. It becomes.
- composition of C, S, O, Ca and N has a range is due to variations during melting and is not intended.
- reheating the slab to a temperature of 1100 ° C.
- it is hot-rolled to form a hot-rolled sheet having a thickness of 2.3 mm, pickled, cold-rolled, and then cooled to a final thickness of 0.50 mm. It was made into a rolled sheet and was subjected to finish annealing at a temperature of 1000 ° C.
- the inclusions are mainly composed of oxide inclusions made of CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3, and the oxide inclusions of the steel sheet having a high iron loss are in a form extending in the rolling direction.
- the inventors further changed the amount of Si, Al and Ca added as deoxidizers in order to change the component composition of the oxide inclusions in the above component steels.
- C 0.0015-0.0035 mass%
- Si 1.5-2.0 mass%
- Mn 0.4 mass%
- P 0.07 mass%
- S 0.0010-0. 0030 mass%
- Al 0.0001 to 0.0050 mass%
- N 0.0015 to 0.0025 mass%
- Sn 0.02 to 0.04 mass%
- Ca less than 0.0001 mass% to 0.0050 mass%
- T.I. O Various steels having a component composition of 0.0020 to 0.0070 mass% were melted.
- the composition of said C, S, and N has a range.
- it is hot-rolled to form a hot-rolled sheet having a thickness of 2.3 mm, pickled, cold-rolled, and then cooled to a final thickness of 0.50 mm. It was made into a rolled sheet and was subjected to finish annealing at a temperature of 1000 ° C.
- the composition of 100 or more oxide inclusions having a cross section (L cross section) in the rolling direction of the finish annealed plate is analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the average composition of the oxide inclusions ( mass%).
- oxides such as Si, Al, and Ca oxides such as Mn and Mg were recognized in the oxide inclusions, but they were as small as 10 at% or less, and thus were not considered in the calculation of the composition ratio.
- some oxides are complexed with sulfides. In that case, only the oxides were evaluated and the oxide composition ratio was determined.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between (CaO / SiO 2 ) and (Al 2 O 3 / (SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 + CaO)) in an oxide inclusion and iron loss W 15/50. is there. From this figure, when (CaO / SiO 2 ) in the oxide inclusions is less than 0.50, the iron loss greatly increases and deteriorates, and (CaO / SiO 2 ) in the oxide inclusions. Even if is 0.50 or more, it can be seen that when (Al 2 O 3 / (SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 + CaO)) exceeds 0.15, the iron loss tends to deteriorate. In addition, the tendency for the steel plate with a higher iron loss to have the oxide type inclusion of the form extended
- the component composition of oxide inclusions present in the steel is controlled within an appropriate range, and is elongated in the rolling direction during hot rolling. It is considered effective to prevent this.
- FIG. 1 is based on the above considerations, and shows the experimental results as a ratio of the total Ca concentration (mass%) to the total oxygen concentration (mass%) in the steel during melting (T.Ca/TO) and Sol.
- Si concentration (mass%) in steel during steel melting For the Si concentration (mass%) in steel during steel melting.
- ratio (sol.Al/Si) of Al concentration (mass%) and iron loss W15 / 50 is shown. From this figure, it is found that the iron loss is very high when the steel (T.Ca/TO) is less than 0.50, and even if the steel (T.Ca/TO) is 0.50 or more, the steel It was confirmed that when the medium (sol. Al / Si) exceeds 0.0020, the iron loss is slightly increased.
- the present invention has been developed based on the above novel findings.
- C 0.0050 mass% or less
- C is a harmful element that causes magnetic aging and deteriorates the iron loss of the product plate.
- the content exceeds 0.0050 mass%, the above-described deterioration becomes significant, so 0.0050 mass%.
- it does not prescribe
- Si 0.1 to 5.0 mass%
- Si is an element effective for increasing the electrical resistance of steel and reducing iron loss, and is also an element added as a deoxidizer for steel, so it is contained in an amount of 0.1 mass% or more.
- the upper limit is set to 5.0 mass%.
- it is in the range of 1.5 to 5.0 mass%. More preferably, it is in the range of 1.6 to 3.8 mass%.
- Mn 0.02 to 3.0 mass%
- Mn is an element effective in increasing the electrical resistance of steel and reducing iron loss, and has the effect of preventing hot brittleness, so it is contained in an amount of 0.02 mass% or more.
- an upper limit shall be 3.0 mass%.
- the range is preferably from 0.15 to 2.5 mass%, more preferably from 0.15 to 1.0 mass%.
- P 0.2 mass% or less
- P is an element useful for improving the punching workability because it has a large effect of increasing the hardness of steel with a small amount of addition, and is added appropriately according to the required hardness. can do.
- the upper limit is made 0.2 mass%.
- it is in the range of 0.04 to 0.15 mass%.
- S becomes a sulfide, forms precipitates and inclusions, not only deteriorates the magnetic properties of the product plate, but also harms manufacturability (hot rollability). preferable. Therefore, in the present invention, it is limited to 0.0050 mass% or less. In particular, when importance is attached to the magnetic characteristics, it is preferably 0.0025 mass% or less. In addition, since it is so preferable that there is little S, a minimum in particular is not prescribed
- Al 0.0050 mass% or less
- Al is an element effective for increasing the electrical resistance of steel and reducing iron loss, and is also an element added as a deoxidizer for steel.
- Al is desired to be less than 0.05 mass%, and the lower the better.
- Al is further reduced, and sol. It is limited to 0.0050 mass% or less with Al (acid-soluble Al). Preferably, it is 0.0020 mass% or less.
- N 0.0040 mass% or less
- N is a harmful element that deteriorates the magnetic properties as in the case of C described above.
- the above-described adverse effect becomes significant, so it is limited to 0.0040 mass% or less. .
- it is 0.0030 mass% or less.
- it does not prescribe
- T. T. et al. Ca 0.0010 to 0.0080 mass% Ca becomes CaS to form coarse precipitates, and suppresses the precipitation of fine sulfides such as MnS, thereby improving the grain growth and reducing the iron loss.
- T.I. It is made to contain 0.0010 mass% or more by Ca (total Ca density
- the upper limit is made 0.0080 mass%.
- it is in the range of 0.0015 to 0.0050 mass%.
- the total Ca concentration (T.Ca) is a Ca concentration composed of the sum of acid-soluble Ca and acid-insoluble Ca in steel.
- T. T. et al. O 0.0100 mass% or less If the O (total O concentration in the steel) exceeds 0.0100 mass%, the amount of oxide increases to inhibit grain growth and deteriorate iron loss characteristics, so the upper limit is made 0.0100 mass%. Preferably it is 0.0060 mass% or less.
- the total O concentration (T.O) is a concentration of O consisting of the sum of acid-soluble O and acid-insoluble O.
- T. T. et al. Ca / T. O 0.50 or more and 2.0 or less
- the ratio of total Ca concentration to total O concentration in steel needs to be 0.50 or more and 2.0 or less. is there. If the ratio is less than 0.50, the oxide inclusions show a form stretched in the rolling direction, which inhibits grain growth and deteriorates iron loss characteristics.
- the upper limit is set to 2.0 because if it exceeds 2.0, the coarse oxide inclusions become the starting point of cracking, and the productivity is significantly impaired. Preferably they are 0.60 or more and 1.8 or less.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention has a sol.
- the Al concentration ratio (sol.Al/Si) is preferably limited to 0.0020 or less.
- (sol.Al/Si) exceeds 0.0020, the oxide inclusions are stretched in the rolling direction, which may hinder grain growth and deteriorate iron loss characteristics. More preferably, it is 0.0015 or less.
- the sol. Al represents acid-soluble Al. To be exact, it should be specified by (T.Al-sol.Al) / Si, but the reason for specifying by (sol.Al/Si) is sol. Al and T.W. Al is correlated, and sol. This is because Al can be analyzed more easily.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention can further contain the following components in addition to the above components.
- Sn and Sb both improve texture and improve magnetic properties
- the upper limit is preferably set to 0.1 mass%. More preferably, each is in the range of 0.02 to 0.05 mass%.
- Ni and Cr are: Since it is an element effective for increasing the specific resistance of a steel sheet and reducing iron loss, it can be contained. In order to acquire the said effect, it is preferable to add 0.01 mass% or more, respectively. On the other hand, since these elements are more expensive than Si and Al, the amount of each added is preferably 0.5 mass% or less.
- Mg and REM are sulfides that are more stable than MnS and Cu 2 S at high temperatures. Since it is an element that has the effect of forming and improving magnetic properties, it can be contained. In order to acquire the said effect, it is preferable to add Mg and REM 0.0001 mass% or more, respectively. On the other hand, even if contained excessively, the effect is saturated and economically disadvantageous, so the upper limit is preferably set to 0.0050 mass%.
- the balance other than the above components is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- V included as an inevitable impurity is 0.004 mass% or less
- Nb is 0.004 mass% or less
- B is 0.0005 mass% or less
- Ni is 0.05 mass% or less
- Cr is 0.05 mass% or less
- Cu is 0.1 mass% or less
- Ti is within a range of 0.002 mass% or less.
- oxide inclusions present in the steel sheet of the present invention will be described.
- the (CaO / SiO 2 ) of oxide inclusions having a size in the thickness direction of 0.2 ⁇ m or more present in the thickness cross section in the rolling direction of the product plate is 0. .50 or more, and (Al 2 O 3 / (SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 + CaO)) is preferably 0.15 or less.
- the oxide inclusions are stretched by hot rolling, which inhibits grain growth in hot annealing, hot rolling sheet annealing, and finish annealing after hot rolling, thereby deteriorating magnetic properties. .
- CaO / SiO 2 is 0.60 or more and (Al 2 O 3 / (SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 + CaO)) is 0.10 or less.
- the component composition of oxide inclusions present in the steel sheet is analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscope) for 100 or more oxide inclusions existing in a cross section (L cross section) parallel to the rolling direction of the steel sheet. This is the average value.
- the oxide inclusions of the present invention include those present in combination with other compounds such as sulfides.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of this invention can be manufactured using normal equipment and normal processes used for manufacturing non-oriented electrical steel sheets.
- hot metal with reduced S concentration by applying hot metal pretreatment etc. is decarburized in a converter to reduce the carbon concentration, and then decarburized C to an extremely low concentration region with a vacuum degassing apparatus. At the same time, it is denitrified.
- Si or Si alloy is added, and after deoxidation, the Si concentration is adjusted to a predetermined concentration, and then other components for adjusting components such as metal Mn are adjusted. Add elements and alloys to adjust final components.
- a desulfurizing agent such as CaO may be added during the vacuum degassing process.
- a Ca alloy (CaSi alloy) is added to the molten steel.
- an addition method of the Ca alloy an injection method, an iron clothing wire addition method, or the like can be used. What is important here is that it is necessary to control (T.Ca/T.O) in the molten steel whose components are adjusted to 0.50 or more and 2.0 or less. Thereby, an iron loss characteristic can be improved.
- the molten steel melted by the method described above is used as a steel material (slab) by a continuous casting method or an ingot-bundling rolling method.
- the slab is then subjected to hot rolling, and the reheating temperature SRT of the slab prior to the hot rolling is preferably in the range of 1000 to 1250 ° C.
- the SRT exceeds 1250 ° C., not only is energy loss large and uneconomical, but the high-temperature strength of the slab is reduced, which may cause manufacturing problems such as slab dripping.
- the temperature is lower than 1000 ° C., the hot deformation resistance increases and it is difficult to perform hot rolling.
- the subsequent hot rolling may be performed under normal conditions.
- the plate thickness to be hot-rolled is preferably in the range of 1.5 to 2.8 mm from the viewpoint of securing productivity. If it is less than 1.5 mm, rolling troubles in hot rolling increase, while if it exceeds 2.8 mm, the cold rolling reduction rate becomes too high and the texture deteriorates.
- a more preferable hot-rolled sheet thickness is in the range of 1.7 to 2.4 mm.
- the steel sheet (hot-rolled sheet) after hot rolling may be omitted or subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing, but it is advantageous to omit it from the viewpoint of reducing manufacturing costs.
- the coil winding temperature after hot rolling needs to be 550 ° C. or higher. If it is less than 550 ° C., the self-annealing after coil winding becomes insufficient, the recrystallization rate of the steel sheet before cold rolling decreases, ridging occurs, and the magnetic flux density decreases.
- a preferable winding temperature is 600 ° C. or higher.
- the soaking temperature of hot-rolled sheet annealing needs to be in the range of 900 to 1150 ° C. If the soaking temperature is less than 900 ° C., the rolled structure remains and the effect of improving the magnetic properties cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 1150 ° C., the crystal grains become coarse and cracks are likely to occur during cold rolling, which is also disadvantageous economically.
- the temperature is preferably 950 to 1050 ° C.
- the coil winding temperature may be 550 ° C. or higher.
- the hot-rolled sheet after the hot rolling or after the hot-rolled sheet annealing is made into a cold-rolled sheet having a final thickness by one or more cold rollings sandwiching the intermediate annealing.
- the thickness of the cold-rolled sheet (final sheet thickness) is not particularly specified, but is preferably in the range of 0.10 to 0.60 mm. This is because if the thickness is less than 0.10 mm, the productivity decreases, while if it exceeds 0.60 mm, the iron loss reduction effect is small. In the case where the iron loss is regarded as important, the range of 0.10 to 0.35 mm is preferable.
- the steel sheet (cold rolled sheet) cold-rolled to the final thickness is then subjected to finish annealing by continuous annealing.
- the soaking temperature of this finish annealing is preferably in the range of 700 to 1150 ° C.
- the soaking temperature is less than 700 ° C., recrystallization does not proceed sufficiently, and not only good magnetic properties cannot be obtained, but also the shape correction effect by continuous annealing cannot be obtained.
- the temperature exceeds 1150 ° C. energy loss increases and becomes uneconomical.
- the finish-annealed steel sheet is then preferably coated and baked with an insulating coating on the steel sheet surface as necessary in order to further reduce iron loss.
- the insulating coating is preferably an organic coating containing a resin when it is desired to ensure good punchability. Moreover, when importance is attached to weldability, it is preferable to use a semi-organic film or an inorganic film.
- 1 to 37 steel was melted and formed into a slab by a continuous casting method.
- Si, Ca and Al were added as deoxidizers.
- CaSi was used as the Ca source.
- the addition amounts of these deoxidizers and CaSi were appropriately adjusted according to the contents of O, N, and S in the molten steel.
- the slab was reheated to a temperature of 1080 to 1180 ° C. and then hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled sheet having a thickness of 2.3 mm.
- the coil winding temperature was set to 600 ° C. (constant).
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet manufactured under the conditions suitable for the present invention is excellent by increasing the coil winding temperature after hot rolling to 550 ° C. or higher even when hot-rolled sheet annealing is not performed. It can be seen that it has magnetic properties.
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Abstract
Description
上記のように、Alの含有量を低減した場合には、新たな設備対応や煩雑な工程管理を必要とせずに、高磁束密度で低鉄損の無方向性電磁鋼板を低コストで生産性よく製造することが難しいのが実情である。
次いで、上記スラブを、1100℃の温度に再加熱した後、熱間圧延して板厚2.3mmの熱延板とし、酸洗した後、冷間圧延して最終板厚0.50mmの冷延板とし、1000℃の温度で仕上焼鈍を施した。
次いで、上記スラブを、1100℃の温度に再加熱した後、熱間圧延して板厚2.3mmの熱延板とし、酸洗した後、冷間圧延して最終板厚0.50mmの冷延板とし、1000℃の温度で仕上焼鈍を施した。
SiO2、Al2O3およびCaOの酸化物標準生成エネルギーは、CaOが最も低く、次いでAl2O3で、最も高いのがSiO2であるため、鋼中の酸素はまずCaOを生成し、残った酸素がAl2O3を生成し、最後にSiO2を生成すると考えられる。したがって鋼中の酸素量を低減すれば、酸化物系介在物中の(CaO/SiO2)が上昇すると考えられ、また、鋼中の(T.Ca/T.O)を高めれば、酸化物系介在物中の(CaO/SiO2)も上昇すると考えられる。
本発明は、上記の新規な知見に基いて、開発したものである。
C:0.0050mass%以下
Cは、磁気時効を起こして製品板の鉄損を劣化させる有害元素であり、特に、0.0050mass%を超えると、上記劣化が顕著となるので、0.0050mass%以下に制限する。好ましくは0.0030mass%以下である。なお、下限については、少ないほど好ましいので、特に規定しない。
Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を高めて鉄損を低減するのに有効な元素であり、また、鋼の脱酸剤として添加する元素でもあるため、0.1mass%以上含有させる。しかし、Siが5.0mass%を超えると、磁束密度が低下する他、鋼が脆化し、冷間圧延中に亀裂を生じる等、製造性を大きく低下させる。よって、上限は5.0mass%とする。好ましくは1.5~5.0mass%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは1.6~3.8mass%の範囲である。
Mnは、Siと同様、鋼の電気抵抗を高めて鉄損を低減するのに有効な元素であり、また、熱間脆性を防止する効果を有するため、0.02mass%以上含有させる。一方、3.0mass%を超えると、磁束密度が低下するため、上限は3.0mass%とする。好ましくは0.15~2.5mass%、より好ましくは0.15~1.0mass%の範囲である。
Pは、微量の添加で鋼の硬さを高める効果が大きいため、打抜加工性を向上するのに有用な元素であり、要求される硬さに応じて適宜添加することができる。しかし、Pの過剰な添加は、冷間圧延性の低下をもたらすので、上限は0.2mass%とする。好ましくは、0.04~0.15mass%の範囲である。
Sは、硫化物となって析出物や介在物を形成し、製品板の磁気特性を低下させるのみならず、製造性(熱間圧延性)を害するので、少ないほど好ましい。そこで、本発明では0.0050mass%以下に制限する。特に、磁気特性を重視する場合には0.0025mass%以下とするのが好ましい。なお、Sは少ないほど好ましいので、下限は特に規定しない。
Alは、Siと同様、鋼の電気抵抗を高めて鉄損を低減するのに有効な元素であり、また、鋼の脱酸剤としても添加される元素である。しかし、前述したように、スクラップを鋳物銑の原料としてリサイクルする観点から、Alは0.05mass%未満であることが望まれており、低いほど好ましい。さらに、本発明では、集合組織を改善し、磁束密度を高めるため、Alをさらに低減し、sol.Al(酸可溶Al)で0.0050mass%以下に制限する。好ましくは、0.0020mass%以下である。
Nは、前述したCと同様、磁気特性を劣化させる有害元素であり、特に、低Al材では、上記の悪影響が顕著となるので、0.0040mass%以下に制限する。好ましくは0.0030mass%以下である。なお、下限については、少ないほど好ましいので、特に規定しない。
Caは、CaSとなって粗大な析出物を形成し、MnS等の微細な硫化物の析出を抑制するため、粒成長を改善し、鉄損を低減する効果がある。上記効果を得るため、本発明では、T.Ca(鋼中の全Ca濃度)で0.0010mass%以上含有させる。しかし、0.0080mass%を超える添加は、Ca硫化物やCa酸化物の量が増加し、却って粒成長を阻害して鉄損特性が劣化するため、上限は0.0080mass%とする。好ましくは0.0015~0.0050mass%の範囲である。ここで、上記全Ca濃度(T.Ca)とは、鋼中の酸可溶Caと酸不可溶Caの和からなるCaの濃度である。
Oは、T.O(鋼中の全O濃度)で0.0100mass%を超えると、酸化物の量が増加して粒成長を阻害し、鉄損特性を劣化させるため、上限は0.0100mass%とする。好ましくは0.0060mass%以下である。ここで、上記全O濃度(T.O)とは、酸可溶Oと酸不可溶Oの和からなるOの濃度である。
先述したように、鋼中の全O濃度に対する全Ca濃度の比(T.Ca/T.O)は、0.50以上2.0以下とする必要がある。上記比が0.50未満では、酸化物系介在物が圧延方向に延伸した形態を示すようになるため、粒成長を阻害し、鉄損特性が劣化するためである。また、上限を2.0とするのは、2.0を超えると、粗大化した酸化物系介在物が割れの起点となり、製造性を著しく損なうようになるためである。好ましくは0.60以上1.8以下である。
本発明の無方向性電磁鋼板は、鉄損特性をさらに改善するため、上記成分組成を満たすことに加えて、鋼中のSi濃度に対するsol.Al濃度の比(sol.Al/Si)を、0.0020以下に制限することが好ましい。(sol.Al/Si)が0.0020を超えると、酸化物系介在物が圧延方向に延伸した形態となり、粒成長を阻害し、鉄損特性が劣化するおそれがあるためである。より好ましくは0.0015以下である。ここで、上記sol.Alは、酸可溶Alを表す。正確には、(T.Al-sol.Al)/Siで規定すべきであるが、(sol.Al/Si)で規定する理由は、sol.AlとT.Alは相関があり、sol.Alの方が容易に分析できるからである。
Sn:0.01~0.1mass%およびSb:0.01~0.1mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種
SnおよびSbは、いずれも集合組織を改善し、磁気特性を向上する効果を有する。上記効果を得るためには、単独または複合して、それぞれ0.01mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。しかし、過剰に添加すると、鋼が脆化し、鋼板製造の過程で板破断やヘゲ等の表面欠陥を引き起こすため、上限はそれぞれ0.1mass%とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは、それぞれ0.02~0.05mass%の範囲である。
Cu,NiおよびCrは、鋼板の比抵抗を高めて鉄損を低減すのに有効な元素であるため、含有させることができる。上記効果を得るためには、それぞれ0.01mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。一方、これらの元素は、SiやAlと比較して高価であるため、それぞれの添加量は0.5mass%以下とするのが好ましい。
MgおよびREMは、高温でMnSやCu2Sよりも安定な硫化物を形成し、磁気特性を向上させる効果を有する元素であるため、含有させることができる。上記効果を得るためには、MgおよびREMを、それぞれ0.0001mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。一方、過剰に含有させても、効果が飽和し、経済的に不利となるため、上限はそれぞれ0.0050mass%とするのが好ましい。
優れた磁気特性を得るためには、製品板の圧延方向の板厚断面内に存在する、板厚方向の大きさが0.2μm以上の酸化物系介在物の(CaO/SiO2)を0.50以上とし、また、(Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3+CaO))を0.15以下とすることが好ましい。上記範囲を外れると、酸化物系介在物が熱間圧延により延伸し、熱延後の自己焼鈍や熱延板焼鈍、仕上焼鈍における粒成長性を阻害して、磁気特性を劣化させるからである。より好ましくは、CaO/SiO2が0.60以上で、(Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3+CaO))が0.10以下である。なお、鋼板中に存在する酸化物系介在物の成分組成は、鋼板の圧延方向に平行な断面(L断面)に存在する酸化物系介在物をSEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)で100個以上分析したときの平均値である。なお、本発明の酸化物系介在物には、硫化物等の他の化合物と複合して存在するものも含まれる。
なお、本発明の無方向性電磁鋼板は、無方向性電磁鋼板の製造に用いられている通常の設備および通常の工程で製造することができる。
まず、溶銑予備処理等を施してS濃度を低減した溶銑を、転炉で脱炭処理して炭素濃度を低減した後、さらに、真空脱ガス処理装置で、Cを極低濃度領域まで脱炭すると同時に脱窒処理する。その後、好ましくはC濃度が0.0050mass%以下に達した後、SiやSi合金を添加し、脱酸を兼ねてSi濃度を所定の濃度に調整した後、金属Mnなど成分調整用の他の元素や合金を添加して最終成分調整を行う。また、S濃度を低減するために、真空脱ガス処理中にCaOなどの脱硫剤を添加してもよい。なお、合金の一部は転炉出鋼時に添加してもよい。
ここで重要なことは、成分調整した溶鋼中の(T.Ca/T.O)を0.50以上2.0以下に制御する必要があることである。これにより、鉄損特性を改善することができる。
上記(T.Ca/T.O)を0.50以上に制御するには、溶鋼中に添加するCa合金(CaSi合金)を高めたり、真空脱ガス装処理で脱酸時間等を十分に確保して、酸素量を低減したりすることが有効である。もちろん、これらは(T.Ca/T.O)が2.0を超えない範囲内で行う必要がある。
上記スラブは、その後、熱間圧延を行うが、上記熱間圧延に先だつスラブの再加熱温度SRTは、1000~1250℃の範囲とするのが好ましい。SRTが1250℃を超えると、エネルギーロスが大きく、不経済となるだけでなく、スラブの高温強度が低下し、スラブ垂れなどの製造上のトラブルが生じるおそれがある。一方、1000℃を下回ると、熱間における変形抵抗が増大し、熱間圧延することが困難となるためである。
なお、熱延板焼鈍を行う場合でも、コイル巻取温度を550℃以上としてもよいことは勿論である。
次いで、上記スラブを1080~1180℃の温度に再加熱した後、熱間圧延して板厚2.3mmの熱延板とした。この際、コイル巻取温度はすべて600℃(一定)とした。
次いで、上記熱延板を酸洗した後、冷間圧延して最終板厚0.50mmの冷延板とし、均熱温度1000℃に10sec間保持する仕上焼鈍した後、絶縁被膜を被成し、無方向性電磁鋼板(製品板)とした。
また、上記製品板の圧延方向(L)および圧延方向に対して直角方向(C)からエプスタイン試験片を切り出して、磁束密度B50(磁化力5000A/mにおける磁束密度)および鉄損W15/50(磁束密度1.5T、周波数50Hzで励磁したときの鉄損)をJIS C2552に準拠して測定した。
上記測定の結果を表1に併記した。この結果から、本発明に適合する鋼板は、鉄損W15/50が低くて、磁束密度B50も高く、優れた磁気特性を有していることがわかる。
次いで、上記のようにして得た製品板について、実施例1と同様にして、SEMで介在物を分析し、介在物中のCaO、SiO2およびAl2O3の平均比率および、(CaO/SiO2)、(Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3+CaO))を算出するとともに、磁束密度B50および鉄損W15/50を測定した。
次いで、上記のようにして得た製品板について、実施例1と同様にして、SEMで介在物を分析し、介在物中のCaO、SiO2およびAl2O3の平均比率および、(CaO/SiO2)、(Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3+CaO))を算出するとともに、磁束密度B50および鉄損W15/50を測定した。
Claims (10)
- C:0.0050mass%以下、Si:0.1~5.0mass%、Mn:0.02~3.0mass%、sol.Al:0.0050mass%以下、P:0.2mass%以下、S:0.0050mass%以下およびN:0.0040mass%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する無方向性電磁鋼板であって、
鋼中の全Ca濃度(T.Ca)が0.0010~0.0080mass%、全酸素濃度(T.O)が0.0100mass%以下で、全酸素に対する全Caの濃度比(T.Ca/T.O)が0.50以上2.0以下である無方向性電磁鋼板。 - Siに対するsol.Alの濃度比(sol.Al/Si)が0.0020以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
- C:0.0050mass%以下、Si:0.1~5.0mass%、Mn:0.02~3.0mass%、sol.Al:0.0050mass%以下、P:0.2mass%以下、S:0.0050mass%以下およびN:0.0040mass%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する無方向性電磁鋼板であって、
鋼中の全Ca濃度(T.Ca)が0.0010~0.0080mass%、全酸素濃度(T.O)が0.0100mass%以下で、圧延方向の板厚断面内に存在する、板厚方向の大きさが0.2μm以上の酸化物系介在物中におけるSiO2に対するCaOの組成比(CaO/SiO2)が0.50~4.0である無方向性電磁鋼板。 - 圧延方向の板厚断面内に存在する、板厚方向の大きさが0.2μm以上の酸化物系介在物中における(CaO+SiO2+Al2O3)に対するAl2O3の組成比(Al2O3/(CaO+SiO2+Al2O3))が0.15以下であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
- 上記成分組成に加えてさらに、Sn:0.01~0.1mass%およびSb:0.01~0.1mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
- 上記成分組成に加えてさらに、Cu:0.01~0.5mass%、Ni:0.01~0.5mass%およびCr:0.01~0.5mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
- 上記成分組成に加えてさらに、REM:0.0001~0.0050mass%およびMg:0.0001~0.0050mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の成分組成と酸化物系介在物を含有するスラブを熱間圧延して熱延板とした後、上記熱延板に熱延板焼鈍を施すことなく冷間圧延し、仕上焼鈍を施す無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法であって、
上記熱間圧延におけるコイル巻取温度を550℃以上とすることを特徴とする無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の成分組成と酸化物系介在物を含有するスラブを熱間圧延して熱延板とし、熱延板焼鈍を施した後、冷間圧延し、仕上焼鈍を施す無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法であって、
上記熱延板焼鈍を900~1150℃の温度で施すことを特徴とする無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法であって、
溶銑に脱硫処理および脱燐処理を施した後、転炉で精錬した溶鋼を真空脱ガス処理してCを0.0050mass%以下まで脱炭した後、成分調整用の元素および/または合金を添加し、その後、取鍋内にCaSi合金を添加し、鋼中の全Ca濃度(T.Ca)を0.0010~0.0080mass%、全酸素濃度(T.O)を0.0100mass%以下、全酸素に対する全Caの濃度比(T.Ca/T.O)を0.50以上、2.0以下とすることを特徴とする無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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