WO2017109906A1 - 空気調和機 - Google Patents
空気調和機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017109906A1 WO2017109906A1 PCT/JP2015/086091 JP2015086091W WO2017109906A1 WO 2017109906 A1 WO2017109906 A1 WO 2017109906A1 JP 2015086091 W JP2015086091 W JP 2015086091W WO 2017109906 A1 WO2017109906 A1 WO 2017109906A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- heat exchanger
- refrigerant
- indoor heat
- air
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/86—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling compressors within refrigeration or heat pump circuits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
- F24F11/61—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication using timers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
- F24F2140/10—Pressure
- F24F2140/12—Heat-exchange fluid pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
- F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner, and more particularly to control of the temperature of air blown out from an indoor unit.
- the temperature of the indoor space is adjusted using a refrigeration cycle including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and a blower.
- a refrigeration cycle including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and a blower.
- the air in the indoor space is cooled by heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing through the evaporator and the air taken in by the blower.
- the target value of the blowing temperature blown out from the indoor unit is set by the user, and the actual blowing temperature from the indoor unit is set.
- the target temperature is controlled. Specifically, for example, attention is paid to the difference between the blow-out temperature from the indoor unit and the set temperature that is the target temperature.
- the compressor frequency is lowered, and when the difference between the blowing temperature and the set temperature becomes large, the compressor frequency is increased. And the blowing temperature is adjusted.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that the blowout temperature is adjusted by adjusting the air volume of the fan of the outdoor unit according to the outside air temperature or by limiting the speed of increase of the compressor frequency. A method for suppressing a significant deviation from the set temperature is described.
- the air conditioner is controlled by paying attention only to the difference between the blowing temperature and the set temperature as in the prior art, the response to the temperature change is poor.
- the cooling operation is performed when the suction temperature in the indoor unit is low, the blowout temperature is significantly lower than the set temperature, and so-called overshoot occurs, which impairs user comfort. was there.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems in the prior art, and suppresses overshooting until the blowing temperature reaches the set temperature, and shortens the time until the blowing temperature reaches the set temperature.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner that can be used.
- the air conditioner of the present invention includes a refrigerant circuit that sequentially connects a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an indoor heat exchanger with refrigerant piping to circulate the refrigerant, and heat exchange with the refrigerant by the indoor heat exchanger.
- An air conditioner including a blower that takes in air, and a compressor that satisfies a refrigerant circulation amount necessary for setting the air blowing temperature in the indoor heat exchanger to a set temperature set by a user
- a control device that controls the compressor to operate at a frequency is provided.
- the refrigerant circulation amount for setting the suction temperature to the target blowing temperature is calculated, and the compressor frequency of the compressor is adjusted so as to satisfy the calculated refrigerant circulation amount.
- the compressor frequency of the compressor is adjusted so as to satisfy the calculated refrigerant circulation amount.
- FIG. 2 is a ph diagram showing a refrigeration cycle in the air conditioner of FIG. 1.
- It is a flowchart which shows an example of the flow of the compressor frequency control process of the compressor in the air conditioner of FIG.
- It is an air line figure which shows the state of the air in the evaporator in the air conditioner of FIG.
- It is the schematic explaining an example of the relationship between the compressor frequency by the compressor frequency control in the conventional air conditioner, and the blowing temperature.
- It is the schematic explaining the other example of the relationship between the compressor frequency by the compressor frequency control in the conventional air conditioner, and the blowing temperature.
- It is the schematic explaining an example of the relationship between the compressor frequency by the compressor frequency control in the air conditioner of FIG. 1, and blowing temperature.
- It is an air line figure which shows the state of the air in the indoor heat exchanger in the air conditioner of FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a ph diagram showing a refrigeration cycle in the air conditioner of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an air conditioner 1 includes a compressor 2, an outdoor heat exchanger 3, an expansion valve 4, an indoor heat exchanger 5, a fan 6 as a blower, a motor 7, a control device 10, and an outdoor heat exchanger.
- a pressure sensor 11, an outdoor heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 12, an indoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 13, an indoor heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 14, and an intake air state sensor 15 are provided.
- the compressor 2, the outdoor heat exchanger 3, the expansion valve 4, and the indoor heat exchanger 5 are connected in an annular shape by a refrigerant pipe to form a refrigerant circuit in which the refrigerant circulates.
- refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit for example, a single refrigerant such as R-22, a mixed refrigerant such as R-410A, or a natural refrigerant such as CO 2 can be used.
- a circuit configuration in the case of performing the cooling operation for cooling the air in the indoor space will be described as an example.
- the compressor 2 sucks a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant, compresses the refrigerant, and discharges it in a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant state.
- the compressor 2 for example, an inverter compressor or the like capable of controlling a displacement volume that is a refrigerant delivery amount per unit time by arbitrarily changing a compressor frequency that is a driving frequency can be used. .
- the compressor 2 is not limited to this, and for example, a compressor having a constant driving frequency may be used.
- the refrigerant delivery amount is adjusted by changing the suction pressure of the refrigerant or by providing a bypass circuit (not shown) in the refrigerant circuit, as in the case of changing the drive frequency. be able to.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 3 performs heat exchange between the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant and the external fluid. Specifically, the outdoor heat exchanger 3 functions as a condenser that radiates the heat of the refrigerant to the fluid during the cooling operation and condenses the refrigerant into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the external fluid at this time may be, for example, a gas such as air or a liquid such as water. Note that, here, the case where the cooling operation is performed is described as an example, and in the following, the “outdoor heat exchanger 3” will be referred to as “condenser 3” as appropriate.
- the expansion valve 4 has a function of decompressing and expanding the high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant circuit into a low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- the expansion valve 4 may be, for example, a valve capable of controlling the opening degree, such as an electronic expansion valve, or a capillary tube.
- the indoor heat exchanger 5 exchanges heat between the low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant and the air in the indoor space (hereinafter referred to as “indoor air” as appropriate).
- the indoor heat exchanger 5 functions as an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant into a low-pressure gas refrigerant during the cooling operation and cools the indoor air by the heat of vaporization at that time.
- the cooling operation is performed is described as an example, and in the following, the “indoor heat exchanger 5” will be referred to as “evaporator 5” as appropriate.
- the fan 6 is provided in the vicinity of the evaporator 5.
- the fan 6 is driven by a motor 7 to supply air for exchanging heat with the evaporator 5 to the evaporator 5. Further, the fan 6 supplies information indicating the amount of air blown to the evaporator 5 to the control device 10 described later.
- various fans such as a sirocco fan and a plug fan can be used.
- a method for taking in air for example, a pushing method or a pulling method may be used.
- the outdoor heat exchanger pressure sensor 11 is provided in the refrigerant pipe on the refrigerant inflow side of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and detects an outdoor heat exchanger pressure that is the pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 3. Information indicating the detected outdoor heat exchanger pressure is supplied to the control device 10 described later.
- the “outdoor heat exchanger pressure sensor 11” will be referred to as the “condenser pressure sensor 11” and the “outdoor heat exchanger pressure” will be referred to below. This will be described as “condenser pressure”.
- the outdoor heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 12 is provided in the refrigerant pipe on the refrigerant outflow side of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and detects an outdoor heat exchanger outlet temperature that is the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 3. Information indicating the detected outdoor heat exchanger outlet temperature is supplied to the control device 10.
- the “outdoor heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 12” is hereinafter referred to as “condenser outlet temperature sensor 12” and “outdoor heat exchanger outlet”. “Temperature” will be referred to as “condenser outlet temperature”.
- the indoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 13 is provided in the refrigerant pipe on the refrigerant inflow side of the indoor heat exchanger 5 and detects the indoor heat exchanger temperature that is the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 5. Information indicating the detected indoor heat exchanger temperature is supplied to the control device 10.
- indoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 13 is referred to as “evaporator temperature sensor 13”
- indoor heat exchanger temperature is referred to as “indoor heat exchanger temperature”. This will be described as “evaporator temperature”.
- the indoor heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 14 is provided in the refrigerant pipe on the refrigerant outflow side of the indoor heat exchanger 5, and detects the indoor heat exchanger outlet temperature that is the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor heat exchanger 5. Information indicating the detected evaporator outlet temperature is supplied to the control device 10.
- the “indoor heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 14” is hereinafter referred to as “evaporator outlet temperature sensor 14” and “indoor heat exchanger outlet”. “Temperature” will be referred to as “evaporator outlet temperature”.
- the intake air state sensor 15 is provided in the vicinity of the indoor heat exchanger 5 and detects the dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature of the air flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 5. Information indicating the detected dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature is supplied to the control device 10. When the wet bulb temperature cannot be measured, the relative humidity can be detected, and the wet bulb temperature may be calculated by the control device 10 based on the air physical properties described later stored in the control device 10.
- the control device 10 is configured by, for example, hardware such as a microcomputer, software executed on an arithmetic device such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a circuit device that realizes a control function described later, and the like. To control. For example, the control device 10 sets the driving frequency of the compressor 2 and the ON / OFF of the fan 6 based on the operation information of the air conditioner 1 based on information received from various detection means and the operation content instructed by the user. The rotational speed to be included, the opening degree of the expansion valve 4 and the like are controlled.
- the control device 10 has a ROM (Read Only Memory) (not shown) as a storage unit, and information for performing various processes in the present embodiment is stored in advance in the ROM.
- ROM Read Only Memory
- Various types of information stored in the ROM are, for example, air physical property information, refrigerant physical property information, capacity calculation formulas, and bypass factor information.
- the air physical property information is information indicating the physical properties of the air that exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the evaporator 5.
- the air physical property information is, for example, a table in which air temperature, humidity, density, enthalpy, and the like are associated with each other, and the density and enthalpy are determined according to temperature and humidity. If values of density and enthalpy corresponding to air temperature and humidity that are not listed in the air physical property information table are required, these values can be obtained by interpolation using values in the table, for example. it can.
- the refrigerant physical property information is information indicating the physical properties of the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigerant physical property information is, for example, a table in which the temperature, pressure, density, enthalpy, and the like of the refrigerant are associated with each other, and the density and enthalpy are determined according to the temperature and pressure. If values of density and enthalpy corresponding to the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant not listed in the refrigerant property information table are required, these values can be obtained by interpolating using the values in the table, for example. it can.
- the capability calculation formula is a calculation formula for calculating a value necessary for performing various processes in the present embodiment. A specific stored arithmetic expression will be described later.
- the bypass factor information is information indicating the ratio of the amount of air that has passed through the evaporator 5 without touching the evaporator 5 with respect to the amount of air supplied by the fan 6 when the air passes through the evaporator 5.
- the bypass factor BF is determined according to the amount of air blown into the evaporator 5 by the fan 6. For example, the bypass factor BF becomes a larger value as the air flow rate is larger.
- the control device 10 Based on the pressure information and temperature information supplied from the various sensors 11 to 15 and various information such as the above-described refrigerant physical property information, the control device 10 requires the refrigerant circulation amount Gr required to reach the set temperature. The compressor frequency that satisfies the above is calculated. Then, the control device 10 controls the compressor 2 based on the calculated compressor frequency.
- FIG. 2 is a ph diagram showing a refrigeration cycle in the air conditioner of FIG.
- the refrigerant state at point a shown in FIG. 2 indicates the refrigerant state at point a shown in FIG.
- the refrigerant states at points b to d shown in FIG. 2 indicate the refrigerant states at points b to d shown in FIG. 1, respectively.
- the condenser pressure Pcm which is the pressure of the refrigerant at the point b, is detected by the condenser pressure sensor 11.
- the control device 10 can obtain the temperature associated with the condenser pressure Pcm as the condenser temperature by referring to the refrigerant physical property information table stored in the ROM based on the condenser pressure Pcm.
- the condenser outlet temperature which is the refrigerant temperature at point c, is detected by the condenser outlet temperature sensor 12.
- the control device 10 can calculate the degree of supercooling SCm based on the condenser outlet temperature and the condenser temperature obtained as described above.
- the evaporator temperature Te which is the temperature of the refrigerant at the point d, is detected by the evaporator temperature sensor 13.
- the control device 10 can obtain the pressure associated with the evaporator temperature Te as the evaporator pressure Pe by referring to the refrigerant property information table based on the evaporator temperature Te.
- the evaporator outlet temperature which is the refrigerant temperature at point a, is detected by the evaporator outlet temperature sensor 14.
- the control device 10 can calculate the superheat degree SHm based on the evaporator outlet temperature and the evaporator temperature Te calculated as described above.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 2 and is discharged from the compressor 2 as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the condenser 3, condenses while dissipating heat by exchanging heat with outdoor air, and flows out from the condenser 3 as a high-pressure liquid refrigerant in a supercooled state.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing out of the condenser 3 is expanded and depressurized by the expansion valve 4 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant and flows into the evaporator 5.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the evaporator 5 exchanges heat with the room air, absorbs heat and evaporates, thereby cooling the room air and flows out of the evaporator 5 as a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator 5 is sucked into the compressor 2.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of the compressor frequency control process of the compressor 2 in the air conditioner 1 of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an air diagram showing the state of air in the evaporator 5 in the air conditioner 1 of FIG.
- the compressor frequency control of the compressor 2 is continuously performed, and the process of the flowchart of FIG. 3 is cyclically repeated. For example, the process shown in FIG. 3 is repeated every predetermined time.
- step S ⁇ b> 1 the control device 10 calculates a target evaporation temperature (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as “target evaporation temperature”) Tem in the evaporator 5.
- This target evaporation temperature Tem is a suction temperature at point A shown in FIG. 4 and a target blowing temperature that is a set temperature set by the user at point B (hereinafter referred to as “target blowing temperature” as appropriate).
- the temperature at point C on the saturation curve on extension is shown.
- the suction temperature Ti is the temperature of air exchanged with the refrigerant in the evaporator 5, and can be obtained based on information indicating the dry bulb temperature supplied from the suction air state sensor 15.
- the set temperature To is a target blowing temperature set by the user.
- the bypass factor BF is a value determined based on the air flow rate Ga of the fan 6, and is obtained by referring to the bypass factor information stored in the ROM based on the information indicating the air flow rate Ga supplied from the fan 6. Can do.
- step S ⁇ b> 2 the control device 10 calculates the evaporation capacity Qe necessary for setting the suction temperature to the target blowing temperature.
- the suction air enthalpy hai indicates the enthalpy of the air sucked by the evaporator 5 and can be obtained by referring to a table of air property information stored in the ROM based on the suction temperature Ti.
- the saturated air enthalpy hae indicates the enthalpy of saturated air in the evaporator 5 and can be obtained by referring to a table of air property information based on the target evaporation temperature Tem calculated in step S1.
- step S ⁇ b> 3 the control device 10 calculates the refrigerant circulation amount Gr when the suction temperature is set as the target outlet temperature.
- the refrigerant circulation amount Gr can be calculated based on the equation (3), which is an arithmetic expression stored in the ROM, using the evaporation capacity Qe, the evaporator inlet enthalpy hr, and the evaporator outlet enthalpy hro calculated in step S2. .
- the evaporator inlet enthalpy hr indicates the enthalpy of the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator 5.
- the evaporator inlet enthalpy hr is a table of refrigerant physical property information stored in the ROM based on the condenser pressure Pcm detected by the condenser pressure sensor 11 and the condenser outlet temperature detected by the condenser outlet temperature sensor 12. Can be calculated with reference to FIG.
- the evaporator outlet enthalpy hro indicates the enthalpy of the refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator 5.
- the evaporator outlet enthalpy hro is calculated based on the evaporator temperature Pe detected by the evaporator temperature sensor 13 and the refrigerant physical property information table, and the evaporator outlet detected by the evaporator outlet temperature sensor 14. Based on the temperature, it can be calculated with reference to the refrigerant property information table.
- the refrigerant circulation amount Gr can also be calculated based on the design specifications of the compressor 2.
- the refrigerant circulation amount Gr based on the design specifications of the compressor 2 is an equation (4) that is an arithmetic expression stored in the ROM using the displacement volume V of the compressor 2 and the density ⁇ of the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 2.
- Can be calculated based on [Equation 4] Gr V ⁇ ⁇ (4)
- the density ⁇ of the refrigerant can be acquired by referring to a table of refrigerant physical property information, and specifically, is a density associated with the evaporator pressure Pe.
- the displacement volume V is the amount of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 per unit time. For example, when the compressor 2 is a reciprocating compressor, the number of cylinders, the cylinder volume, and the rotational speed, which are design specifications, are determined. Determined by product. Information indicating the displacement volume V is stored in advance in the ROM of the control device 10.
- the displacement volume V of the compressor 2 is determined according to the rotational speed, it can be changed by changing the compressor frequency proportional to the rotational speed. Therefore, the refrigerant circulation amount Gr can be adjusted to a predetermined amount by adjusting the compressor frequency of the compressor 2.
- step S4 the control device 10 calculates and adjusts the compressor frequency of the compressor 2 so that the refrigerant circulation amount Gr becomes the refrigerant circulation amount Gr calculated in step S3.
- the blowing temperature from the evaporator 5 can be brought close to preset temperature, without overshooting.
- the refrigerant circulation amount Gr for setting the air suction temperature in the evaporator 5 to be the target outlet temperature is calculated, and the compressor 2 is configured so as to satisfy the calculated refrigerant circulation amount Gr. Adjust the compressor frequency. Therefore, it is possible to suppress overshoot until the blowing temperature reaches the set temperature.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of the relationship between the compressor frequency and the blowing temperature by the compressor frequency control in the conventional air conditioner.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining another example of the relationship between the compressor frequency and the blowing temperature by the compressor frequency control in the conventional air conditioner.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the compressor frequency and the blowing temperature by the compressor frequency control in the air conditioner of FIG.
- the compressor frequency is set. Change. For example, when the time when the blowing temperature is lower than the set temperature exceeds the temperature difference time t, the compressor frequency is decreased. Further, when the time during which the blowing temperature is higher than the set temperature exceeds the temperature difference time t, the compressor frequency is increased. By repeatedly changing the compressor frequency in this way, the blowout temperature gradually approaches the set temperature while the overshoot amount is reduced. And finally, after the start of the operation time T 1 of the compressor, outlet temperature stabilizes reaches the set temperature.
- the speed at which the blowing temperature is brought close to the set temperature is slower than the conventional one, but the temperature difference between the blowing temperature and the set temperature at the temperature difference time t can be reduced. Therefore, the amount of overshoot can be suppressed, and the time until the blowing temperature reaches the set temperature and stabilizes can be shortened to a time T 2 that is shorter than the time T 1 described above. However, even in this case, it is difficult to make the blowing temperature reach the set temperature without overshooting.
- the blowout temperature can reach the set temperature and be stabilized without overshooting.
- the time from the start of operation of the compressor 2 until the blowing temperature reaches the set temperature and stabilizes can be shortened to a time T 3 shorter than the above-described times T 1 and T 2 .
- attains setting time can be shortened more, without restrict
- FIG. 8 is an air diagram showing the state of air in the indoor heat exchanger 5 in the air conditioner 1 of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a ph diagram showing a refrigeration cycle in the air conditioner 1 of FIG.
- the refrigerant suction side and the discharge side of the compressor 2 in the air conditioner 1 shown in FIG. 1 are switched, the indoor heat exchanger 5 functions as a condenser, and the outdoor heat exchanger 3
- a refrigerant circuit is formed to function as an evaporator.
- the control apparatus 10 calculates the target condensation temperature Tcm in the indoor heat exchanger 5 functioning as a condenser based on the equation (5), similarly to the above-described target evaporation temperature.
- Tcm (To-Ti ⁇ BF) / (1-BF) (5)
- the control device 10 calculates the condensing capacity Qc necessary for setting the suction temperature to the target blowing temperature To based on the equation (6).
- Qc Ga ⁇ Cp ⁇ (Tc-Ti) ⁇ (1-BF) ⁇ Ga ⁇ (Tc-Ti) ⁇ (1-BF) (6)
- Cp is the air low pressure specific heat and can be omitted because it does not affect the calculation result in the use environment of the air conditioner 1.
- the control device 10 uses the calculated condensing capacity Qc, the condenser inlet enthalpy hri ', and the condenser outlet enthalpy hro' to calculate the refrigerant circulation amount Gr when the suction temperature Ti is set to the target outlet temperature To. Calculate based on (7).
- Gr Qc / (hro'-hri ') (7)
- the control device 10 controls the compressor so that the refrigerant circulation amount Gr calculated based on the above-described equation (4) becomes the refrigerant circulation amount Gr calculated based on the equation (7). 2 compression frequency is calculated and adjusted. Thereby, also in the air conditioner capable of performing the heating operation, it is possible to suppress overshoot until the blowing temperature from the indoor heat exchanger 5 reaches the set temperature.
- the configuration of the air conditioner 1 is not limited to the configuration illustrated in FIG. 1, and may include an accumulator for protecting the compressor 2 or an oil separator for recovering refrigeration oil.
- a refrigerant flow switching device that switches between a cooling operation and a heating operation by switching the direction in which the refrigerant flows may be provided in the air conditioner.
Abstract
Description
具体的には、例えば、室内機からの吹出温度と目標温度である設定温度との差に着目する。そして、吹出温度と設定温度との差が小さくなった場合には、圧縮機周波数を低下させ、吹出温度と設定温度との差が大きくなった場合には、圧縮機周波数を増大させるように制御し、吹出温度を調整している。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る空気調和機の回路構成の一例を示す概略図である。
図1に示すように、空気調和機1は、圧縮機2、室外熱交換器3、膨張弁4、室内熱交換器5、送風機としてのファン6、モータ7、制御装置10、室外熱交換器圧力センサ11、室外熱交換器出口温度センサ12、室内熱交換器温度センサ13、室内熱交換器出口温度センサ14および吸込空気状態センサ15を備える。そして、圧縮機2、室外熱交換器3、膨張弁4および室内熱交換器5が冷媒配管によって環状に接続され、冷媒が循環する冷媒回路が形成されている。
冷媒回路を循環させる冷媒としては、例えばR-22等の単一冷媒、R-410A等の混合冷媒、CO2等の自然冷媒を用いることができる。
なお、以下では、室内空間の空気を冷却する冷房運転を行う場合の回路構成を例にとって説明する。
圧縮機2としては、例えば、駆動周波数である圧縮機周波数を任意に変化させることにより、単位時間あたりの冷媒送出量である押しのけ容積を制御することが可能なインバータ圧縮機等を用いることができる。
なお、ここでは、冷房運転を行う場合を例にとって説明しているため、以下では、「室外熱交換器3」を「凝縮器3」と適宜称して説明する。
なお、ここでは、冷房運転を行う場合を例にとって説明しているため、以下では、「室内熱交換器5」を「蒸発器5」と適宜称して説明する。
ファン6としては、例えば、シロッコファン、プラグファン等の各種ファンを用いることができる。また、空気を取り込む方式としては、例えば、押し込み方式でもよいし、引っ張り方式でもよい。
なお、ここでは、冷房運転を行う場合を例にとって説明しているため、以下では、「室外熱交換器圧力センサ11」を「凝縮器圧力センサ11」と称し、「室外熱交換器圧力」を「凝縮器圧力」と称して説明する。
なお、ここでは、冷房運転を行う場合を例にとって説明しているため、以下では、「室外熱交換器出口温度センサ12」を「凝縮器出口温度センサ12」と称し、「室外熱交換器出口温度」を「凝縮器出口温度」と称して説明する。
なお、ここでは、冷房運転を行う場合を例にとって説明しているため、以下では、「室内熱交換器温度センサ13」を「蒸発器温度センサ13」と称し、「室内熱交換器温度」を「蒸発器温度」と称して説明する。
なお、ここでは、冷房運転を行う場合を例にとって説明しているため、以下では、「室内熱交換器出口温度センサ14」を「蒸発器出口温度センサ14」と称し、「室内熱交換器出口温度」を「蒸発器出口温度」と称して説明する。
なお、湿球温度を測定できない場合には、相対湿度を検出できるようにし、制御装置10に記憶された後述する空気物性に基づき制御装置10で湿球温度を算出するようにしてもよい。
ROMに記憶されている各種情報は、例えば、空気物性情報、冷媒物性情報、能力演算式、バイパスファクター情報である。
なお、空気物性情報のテーブルに記載されていない空気の温度および湿度に対応する密度およびエンタルピの値が必要な場合、この値は、例えばテーブル中の値を用いて内挿することによって得ることができる。
なお、冷媒物性情報のテーブルに記載されていない冷媒の温度および圧力に対応する密度およびエンタルピの値が必要な場合、この値は、例えばテーブル中の値を用いて内挿することによって得ることができる。
バイパスファクター情報は、空気が蒸発器5を通過する際に、ファン6によって供給された送風量に対して、蒸発器5に触れずにそのまま通過した空気量の割合を示す情報である。バイパスファクターBFは、ファン6によって蒸発器5に送り込まれる空気の送風量に応じて決定される。例えば、送風量が大きいほど、バイパスファクターBFは大きい値となる。
図2中に示すa点における冷媒の状態は、図1中に示すa点における冷媒の状態を示す。また、同様にして、図2中に示すb点~d点における冷媒の状態は、それぞれが図1中に示すb点~d点における冷媒の状態を示す。
制御装置10は、この凝縮器圧力Pcmに基づきROMに記憶された冷媒物性情報のテーブルを参照し、当該凝縮器圧力Pcmに関連付けられた温度を凝縮器温度として取得することができる。
制御装置10は、この凝縮器出口温度と上述のようにして得られた凝縮器温度とに基づき、過冷却度SCmを算出することができる。
制御装置10は、この蒸発器温度Teに基づき冷媒物性情報のテーブルを参照し、当該蒸発器温度Teに関連付けられた圧力を蒸発器圧力Peとして取得することができる。
制御装置10は、この蒸発器出口温度と上述のようにして算出した蒸発器温度Teとに基づき、過熱度SHmを算出することができる。
次に、上記構成を有する空気調和機1の動作について説明する。この例では、冷房運転モードでの冷媒の流れについて説明する。
圧縮機2から吐出された高温高圧のガス冷媒は、凝縮器3に流入し、室外空気と熱交換して放熱しながら凝縮し、過冷却状態の高圧の液冷媒となって凝縮器3から流出する。
蒸発器5に流入した低温低圧の気液二相冷媒は、室内空気と熱交換して吸熱および蒸発することにより室内空気を冷却し、低温低圧のガス冷媒となって蒸発器5から流出する。
蒸発器5から流出した低温低圧のガス冷媒は、圧縮機2へ吸入される。
次に、空気調和機1における圧縮機2の圧縮機周波数制御について説明する。
本実施の形態に係る空気調和機1では、利用者によって室内機から吹き出す空気の温度の目標値である設定温度が設定された際に、室内機に備えられた蒸発器5からの吹出温度を迅速に設定温度に到達させるために必要な冷媒循環量を算出する。そして、得られた冷媒循環量を満足する圧縮機周波数を算出し、圧縮機2の圧縮機周波数を得られた圧縮機周波数に調整する。
図4は、図1の空気調和機1における蒸発器5での空気の状態を示す空気線図である。
なお、ここでは、圧縮機2の圧縮機周波数制御が継続的に行われるものとし、図3のフローチャートの処理が巡回的に繰り返されるものとする。例えば、所定時間毎に図3に示す処理が繰り返される。
目標蒸発温度Temは、吸込温度Ti、設定温度To、および送風量Gaから決定されるバイパスファクターBFを用いて、ROMに記憶された演算式である式(1)に基づき算出することができる。
[数1]
Tem=(To-Ti×BF)/(1-BF) ・・・(1)
設定温度Toは、利用者によって設定される目標吹出温度である。
バイパスファクターBFは、ファン6の送風量Gaに基づき決定される値であり、ファン6から供給される送風量Gaを示す情報に基づき、ROMに記憶されたバイパスファクター情報を参照することによって得ることができる。
蒸発能力Qeは、送風量Ga、吸込空気エンタルピhai、飽和空気エンタルピhae、バイパスファクターBFを用いて、ROMに記憶された演算式である式(2)に基づき算出することができる。
[数2]
Qe=Ga×(hae-hai)×(1-BF) ・・・(2)
また、飽和空気エンタルピhaeは、蒸発器5での飽和空気のエンタルピを示し、ステップS1で算出した目標蒸発温度Temに基づき空気物性情報のテーブルを参照して得ることができる。
冷媒循環量Grは、ステップS2で算出した蒸発能力Qe、蒸発器入口エンタルピhri、蒸発器出口エンタルピhroを用いて、ROMに記憶された演算式である式(3)に基づき算出することができる。
[数3]
Gr=Qe/(hro-hri) ・・・(3)
蒸発器出口エンタルピhroは、蒸発器5から流出する冷媒のエンタルピを示す。蒸発器出口エンタルピhroは、蒸発器温度センサ13で検出された蒸発器温度および冷媒物性情報のテーブルに基づいて算出される蒸発器圧力Peと、蒸発器出口温度センサ14で検出された蒸発器出口温度とに基づき、冷媒物性情報のテーブルを参照して算出することができる。
圧縮機2の設計仕様に基づく冷媒循環量Grは、圧縮機2の押しのけ容積Vおよび圧縮機2で圧縮される冷媒の密度ρを用いて、ROMに記憶された演算式である式(4)に基づき算出することができる。
[数4]
Gr=V×ρ ・・・(4)
押しのけ容積Vは、単位時間あたりに圧縮機2から吐出される冷媒の送出量であり、例えば、圧縮機2がレシプロ圧縮機の場合には、設計仕様である気筒数、シリンダ容積および回転数の積により決定される。この押しのけ容積Vを示す情報は、制御装置10のROMに予め記憶されている。
これにより、本実施の形態による空気調和機1では、蒸発器5からの吹出温度がオーバーシュートすることなく、吹出温度を設定温度に近づけることができる。
ここで、吹出温度が設定温度に到達するまでの到達時間について考える。
図5は、従来の空気調和機における圧縮機周波数制御による圧縮機周波数および吹出温度の関係の一例について説明する概略図である。図6は、従来の空気調和機における圧縮機周波数制御による圧縮機周波数および吹出温度の関係の他の例について説明する概略図である。
図7は、図1の空気調和機における圧縮機周波数制御による圧縮機周波数および吹出温度の関係の一例について説明する概略図である。
このように圧縮機周波数を繰り返し変化させることにより、オーバーシュート量が減少しながら、吹出温度が徐々に設定温度に近づく。そして、最終的に、圧縮機の運転開始から時間T1後に、吹出温度が設定温度に到達して安定する。
そこで、このような問題を解決するため、図6に示すように、圧縮機周波数の増加速度を従来よりも遅くし、吹出温度のオーバーシュート量を低減する方法が提案されている。
この場合には、吹出温度を設定温度に近づける速度が従来よりも遅くなるが、温度差時間tにおける吹出温度と設定温度との温度差を小さくすることができる。そのため、オーバーシュート量を抑制することができるとともに、吹出温度が設定温度に到達して安定するまでの時間を上述した時間T1よりも短い時間T2に短縮することができる。
ただし、この場合においても、オーバーシュートせずに吹出温度を設定温度に到達させることは困難である。
このように、本実施の形態では、圧縮機周波数の増加速度を制限することなく、吹出温度が設定時間に到達するまでの時間をより短縮することができる。
図9は、図1の空気調和機1における冷凍サイクルを示すp-h線図である。
暖房運転を行う場合には、図1に示す空気調和機1における圧縮機2の冷媒の吸入側および吐出側を入れ替えるとともに、室内熱交換器5が凝縮器として機能し、室外熱交換器3が蒸発器として機能するように冷媒回路を形成する。
[数5]
Tcm=(To-Ti×BF)/(1-BF) ・・・(5)
[数6]
Qc=Ga×Cp×(Tc-Ti)×(1-BF)
≒Ga×(Tc-Ti)×(1-BF) ・・・(6)
ここで、Cpは空気低圧比熱であり、空気調和機1の使用環境下においては計算結果に影響を与えないため、省略することができる。
[数7]
Gr=Qc/(hro’-hri’) ・・・(7)
これにより、暖房運転を行うことが可能な空気調和機においても、室内熱交換器5からの吹出温度が設定温度に到達するまでのオーバーシュートを抑制することができる。
例えば、空気調和機1の構成は、図1に示す構成に限られず、圧縮機2を保護するためのアキュムレータを備えてもよいし、冷凍機油を回収するための油分離器を備えてもよい。また、例えば、冷媒の流れる方向を切り替えることによって冷房運転および暖房運転の切り替えを行う冷媒流路切替装置を空気調和機に設けてもよい。
Claims (4)
- 圧縮機、室外熱交換器、膨張弁および室内熱交換器を冷媒配管で順次接続して冷媒を循環させる冷媒回路と、
前記室内熱交換器で前記冷媒と熱交換を行う空気を取り込む送風機と
を備える空気調和機であって、
前記室内熱交換器における前記空気の吹出温度を利用者によって設定された設定温度とするために必要な冷媒循環量を満足する圧縮機周波数で前記圧縮機を動作させるように制御する制御装置を備える
空気調和機。 - 前記室外熱交換器に流入する冷媒の圧力である室外熱交換器圧力を検出する室外熱交換器圧力センサと、
前記室外熱交換器から流出する冷媒の温度である室外熱交換器出口温度を検出する室外熱交換器出口温度センサと、
前記室内熱交換器に流入する冷媒の温度である室内熱交換器温度を検出する室内熱交換器温度センサと、
前記室内熱交換器から流出する冷媒の温度である室内熱交換器出口温度を検出する室内熱交換器出口温度センサと、
前記室内熱交換器に流入する空気の吸込温度を検出する吸込空気状態センサと、
をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記送風機の送風量に関連づけられたバイパスファクターと、前記冷媒の冷媒物性情報とを記憶する記憶部を有し、
前記室内熱交換器における空気の吸込温度、前記設定温度、前記室外熱交換器圧力、前記室外熱交換器出口温度、前記室内熱交換器温度、前記室内熱交換器出口温度、前記バイパスファクター、および前記冷媒物性情報に基づき、前記吹出温度を前記設定温度とするために必要な前記冷媒循環量を算出し、
算出された前記冷媒循環量を満足する前記圧縮機の圧縮周波数を算出する
請求項1に記載の空気調和機。 - 前記制御装置は、
冷房運転の際に、前記吸込温度、前記設定温度、および前記バイパスファクターに基づき、目標となる蒸発温度を算出し、
前記送風量、吸込空気エンタルピ、飽和空気エンタルピ、および前記バイパスファクターに基づき、前記吸込温度を目標となる吹出温度とするために必要な蒸発能力を算出し、
算出された前記蒸発能力、蒸発器入口エンタルピ、および蒸発器出口エンタルピに基づき、前記吸込温度を前記目標となる吹出温度とするために必要な冷媒循環量を算出し、
算出された前記冷媒循環量を満足する前記圧縮機の圧縮周波数を算出する
請求項2に記載の空気調和機。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記吸込温度に基づき、前記吸込空気エンタルピを算出し、
前記蒸発温度に基づき、前記飽和空気エンタルピを算出し、
前記室外熱交換器圧力である凝縮器圧力と、前記室外熱交換器出口温度である凝縮器出口温度と、前記冷媒物性情報とに基づき、前記蒸発器入口エンタルピを算出し、
前記室内熱交換器温度である蒸発器温度および前記冷媒物性情報によって得られる蒸発器圧力と、前記室内熱交換器出口温度である蒸発器出口温度と、前記冷媒物性情報とに基づき、前記蒸発器出口エンタルピを算出する
請求項3に記載の空気調和機。
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JP6576468B2 (ja) | 2019-09-18 |
GB2561096B (en) | 2020-09-23 |
JPWO2017109906A1 (ja) | 2018-08-16 |
GB2561096A (en) | 2018-10-03 |
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