WO2017094286A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017094286A1 WO2017094286A1 PCT/JP2016/072838 JP2016072838W WO2017094286A1 WO 2017094286 A1 WO2017094286 A1 WO 2017094286A1 JP 2016072838 W JP2016072838 W JP 2016072838W WO 2017094286 A1 WO2017094286 A1 WO 2017094286A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- thickness
- ion secondary
- secondary battery
- lithium ion
- power generation
- Prior art date
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
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Classifications
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
- H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
- H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
- H01M50/178—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for pouch or flexible bag cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
- H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
- H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
- H01M50/557—Plate-shaped terminals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a lithium ion secondary battery is a laminated battery in which a power generation element in which a sheet-like positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated via a separator is housed in an insulating outer package together with an electrolytic solution.
- This exterior body is formed by laminating an insulating laminated film in which an insulating layer is laminated on both surfaces of a metal layer (see Patent Document 1).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a long-life lithium ion secondary battery provided with an appropriate amount of electrolyte and a method for producing the same.
- a lithium ion secondary battery includes a power generation element in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are stacked with a separator interposed therebetween, and an electrolytic solution in an outer package. And the thickness which deducted the thickness of the exterior body is 1.05 times or more and 1.15 times or less of the thickness of the electric power generation element in the state which does not contain electrolyte solution, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery including a power generation element in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are stacked with a separator interposed therebetween and an electrolyte, and the lithium ion secondary battery
- the electrolytic solution is added to the power generation element so that the thickness obtained by subtracting the thickness of the outer package from the thickness of the power generation element is 1.05 times or more and 1.15 times or less the thickness of the power generation element in a state where the electrolytic solution is not included.
- the liquid is injected.
- a long-life lithium ion secondary battery provided with an appropriate amount of electrolyte can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a lithium ion secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a II-II cross-sectional view of the lithium ion secondary battery of FIG. It is a graph which shows the correlation with the variation amount of thickness which deducted the thickness of the exterior body from the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery, and thickness ratio.
- a lithium ion secondary battery 1 according to this embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a stacked battery having a substantially rectangular sheet-like appearance, and a power generation element in which a negative electrode 11 and a positive electrode 12 are stacked via a separator 13. 10 and an electrolyte solution (not shown) are provided in the exterior body 30. Since the negative electrode 11, the positive electrode 12, and the separator 13 are all film-like, the power generation element 10 has a flat plate shape.
- negative electrode active material layers 11B and 11B containing a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions are formed on both main surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 11A.
- the negative electrode 11 and the positive electrode 12 in which the positive electrode active material layers 12B and 12B containing the positive electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions are formed on both main surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 12A A plurality of layers are alternately stacked.
- the negative electrode 11, the positive electrode 12, and the separator 13 have a structure in which a plurality of negative electrodes 11 and two positive electrodes 12 are alternately stacked via four separators 13. The number of is not particularly limited.
- the adjacent negative electrode active material layer 11B, separator 13, and positive electrode active material layer 12B constitute one unit cell layer. Therefore, the lithium ion secondary battery 1 of the present embodiment has a configuration in which a plurality of single battery layers 14 are stacked and electrically connected in parallel.
- a negative electrode terminal 21 and a positive electrode terminal 22 are provided on one side of the peripheral edge of the substantially rectangular outer package 30, and the negative electrode terminal 21 and the positive electrode terminal 22 are led out in the same direction from the inside of the outer package 30 to the outside.
- the end portions arranged in the exterior body 30 are respectively connected to the negative electrode current collector 11 ⁇ / b> A and the positive electrode current collector 12 ⁇ / b> A of the power generation element 10 enclosed in the exterior body 30. It is connected.
- the negative electrode terminal 21 and the positive electrode terminal 22 are provided on the same side of the peripheral portion of the outer package 30, but may be provided on different sides. Further, although the negative electrode terminal 21 and the positive electrode terminal 22 are led out in the same direction, they may be led out in different directions such as opposite directions.
- the thickness obtained by subtracting the thickness of the outer package 30 from the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1 is power generation in a state that does not include the electrolyte.
- the thickness of the element 10 is 1.05 times or more and 1.15 times or less.
- the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1 is increased by the electrolytic solution layer formed by the electrolytic solution held between the negative electrode 11 or the positive electrode 12 and the separator 13.
- the negative electrode 11, the positive electrode 12, and the separator 13 have pores, when they come into contact with the electrolytic solution, they absorb the electrolytic solution and become thicker than the state of the material before contacting the electrolytic solution. Therefore, the amount of the electrolyte solution retained in the power generation element 10 can be managed by the thickness obtained by subtracting the thickness of the outer package 30 from the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1.
- the thickness obtained by subtracting the thickness of the outer package 30 from the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1 is not less than 1.05 times and not more than 1.15 times the thickness of the power generation element 10 in a state where the electrolyte solution is not included.
- the amount of the electrolytic solution retained in the power generation element 10 is appropriate. For this reason, it is difficult to generate a liquid pool of the electrolytic solution held between the negative electrode 11 or the positive electrode 12 and the separator 13, and it is difficult to generate a liquid pool of the electrolytic solution between the power generation element 10 and the exterior body 30.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 1 of the present embodiment has cycle characteristics. Is high and has a long life.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 1 of the present embodiment has an appropriate amount of the electrolyte solution held in the power generation element 10, the electrolyte solution is hardly depleted and has a long life, and the lithium ion secondary battery 1
- the thickness of 1 tends to be uniform (thickness unevenness hardly occurs).
- the thickness obtained by subtracting the thickness of the outer package 30 from the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1 is 1.09 times or more 1.14 times the thickness of the power generation element 10 in a state where the electrolyte solution is not included. Is less than double.
- the “thickness obtained by subtracting the thickness of the outer package 30 from the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1” means the thickness of the power generation element 10 enclosed in the outer package 30 together with the electrolytic solution.
- the “thickness obtained by subtracting the thickness of the outer package 30 from the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1” is, for example, the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1 measured and measured in advance. It can be determined by subtracting the thickness of the material (for example, a laminate film).
- the “thickness of the power generation element 10 in a state that does not include an electrolytic solution” means the thickness of the power generation element 10 in a state that does not include any electrolytic solution, or an amount that does not affect the thickness. It means the thickness of the power generation element 10 in a state containing an electrolyte solution (for example, an amount sufficient to fill the pores of the negative electrode 11, the positive electrode 12, and the separator 13).
- the “thickness of the power generation element 10 in a state in which no electrolyte solution is included” is measured, for example, at the stage before the contact with the electrolyte solution, the thickness of the power generation element 10 in which the negative electrode 11, the positive electrode 12, and the separator 13 are stacked.
- the thickness of the negative electrode 11, the positive electrode 12, and the separator 13 in the state of the material before lamination can be measured at a stage before contact with the electrolytic solution and summed up.
- the “state not including the electrolytic solution” is also obtained.
- a method for removing the electrolytic solution from the power generation element 10 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include centrifugation, drying, and pressurization.
- the method of removing the electrolyte by pressurization is to apply a load to the power generation element 10 containing the electrolyte and squeeze out the electrolyte from the power generation element 10 and measure the thickness when the thickness no longer decreases.
- the thickness is “the thickness of the power generation element 10 in a state in which no electrolyte is included”. According to this method, it is possible to measure the “thickness of the power generation element 10 in a state in which no electrolyte is included” without disassembling the lithium ion secondary battery 1 and taking out the power generation element 10 from the exterior body 30. Is possible.
- Such a lithium ion secondary battery 1 of the present embodiment can be used for various applications.
- it can be used for various vehicles such as an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle (a vehicle that uses both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor as a prime mover), a motorcycle, an electrically assisted bicycle, and a railway vehicle.
- vehicles such as an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle (a vehicle that uses both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor as a prime mover), a motorcycle, an electrically assisted bicycle, and a railway vehicle.
- It can also be used for aircraft, ships, agricultural machinery, construction machinery, transportation machinery, power tools, medical equipment, welfare equipment, robots, power storage devices, and the like.
- portable devices such as notebook personal computers, digital cameras, mobile phone terminals, and portable game machine terminals.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 1 of this embodiment is particularly suitable as a lithium ion secondary battery mounted on an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
- the capacity of the power generation element 10 of the lithium ion secondary battery 1 is preferably 5 Ah or more and 70 Ah or less.
- the negative electrode terminal 21 and the positive electrode terminal 22 are comprised, for example with electroconductive metal foil.
- the metal foil include a metal foil made of a single metal such as aluminum, copper, titanium and nickel, and a metal foil made of an alloy such as an aluminum alloy and stainless steel.
- the material of the negative electrode terminal 21 and the material of the positive electrode terminal 22 may be the same or different.
- the negative electrode terminal 21 and the positive electrode terminal 22 that are separately prepared may be connected to the negative electrode current collector 11A and the positive electrode current collector 12A, respectively, or the negative electrode current collector 11A and the positive electrode current collector
- the negative terminal 21 and the positive terminal 22 may be formed by extending the body 12A.
- the negative electrode 11 has a structure in which negative electrode active material layers 11B and 11B are formed on both main surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 11A.
- the negative electrode active material layer 11B contains, for example, a negative electrode active material, a conductive additive, and a binder (binder).
- the conductive additive is contained in a state dispersed in the negative electrode active material layer 11B.
- the negative electrode active materials are bound to each other in a state where the binder covers at least a part of the particles of the negative electrode active material. .
- the negative electrode current collector 11A As the material of the negative electrode current collector 11A, for example, a metal such as copper, nickel, titanium, or an alloy (for example, stainless steel) containing one or more of these metals is used. it can.
- Negative electrode active material for example, a crystalline carbon material such as graphite can be used.
- a crystalline carbon material such as graphite
- graphite include natural graphite, artificial graphite such as non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, and low-temperature calcined carbon, and MCF (mesocarbon fiber). These crystalline carbon materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Conductive aid for example, an amorphous carbon material such as carbon black or a crystalline carbon material such as graphite can be used.
- carbon black include ketjen black, acetylene black, channel black, lamp black, oil furnace black, and thermal black.
- graphite are the same as those shown in Section 2-2. These carbon materials may be used individually by 1 type, and 2 or more types may be mixed and used for them.
- the binder is not particularly limited as long as it can bind the particles of the negative electrode active material and the particles of the conductive auxiliary agent.
- a fluororesin may be used. it can.
- Specific examples of the fluororesin include polyvinylidene fluoride and vinylidene fluoride polymers obtained by copolymerizing vinylidene fluoride and other fluorine monomers.
- the binder may be made of only a fluororesin or may be made of a mixture of the fluororesin and other components as long as the electrolyte solution can permeate.
- the positive electrode 12 has a structure in which positive electrode active material layers 12B and 12B are formed on both main surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 12A.
- the positive electrode active material layer 12B contains, for example, a positive electrode active material, and a conductive additive and a binder that are added as necessary.
- the conductive assistant and binder those that can be generally used in conventional lithium ion secondary batteries (for example, those shown in Sections 2-3 and 4-4) can be appropriately selected and used. it can.
- 3-1 Positive Current Collector 12A As a material of the positive current collector 12A, for example, a metal such as aluminum, nickel, titanium, or an alloy (for example, stainless steel) containing one or more of these metals is used. it can.
- a metal such as aluminum, nickel, titanium, or an alloy (for example, stainless steel) containing one or more of these metals is used. it can.
- Positive Electrode Active Material examples include lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), nickel cobalt lithium manganate (NCM), and the like.
- the lithium-containing oxide can be used.
- These positive electrode active materials may be used individually by 1 type, and 2 or more types may be mixed and used for them.
- Separator 13 is a microporous membrane having a large number of fine holes, and holds the electrolytic solution sealed in outer package 30 by accommodating the electrolytic solution in the holes.
- the material of the separator 13 is not particularly limited as long as it has electrical insulating properties, is electrochemically stable, and is stable with respect to the electrolyte solution.
- polyolefin such as polyethylene and polypropylene
- polyfluoride examples thereof include microporous membranes made of fluororesins such as vinylidene and polytetrafluoroethylene, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, and polyamides such as aliphatic polyamide and aromatic polyamide (aramid).
- a resin composition containing the above resin and filler can also be used as the material of the separator 13, a resin composition containing the above resin and filler can also be used.
- the type of filler is not particularly limited as long as it is electrochemically stable and stable with respect to the electrolytic solution, and examples thereof include inorganic particles and organic particles.
- the inorganic particles include metal oxides such as iron oxide, alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, and zirconia, and ceramic fine particles such as aluminum nitride and silicon nitride.
- Specific examples of the organic particles include fine particles of resin such as crosslinked polymethyl methacrylate and crosslinked polystyrene.
- the separator 13 may be a resin base material coated with a heat-resistant layer.
- the heat-resistant layer is composed of ceramic particles, and the type of ceramic is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, zirconia, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide.
- the separator 13 absorbs and holds the electrolytic solution, but the heat-resistant layer particularly easily absorbs the electrolytic solution, so the heat-resistant layer preferentially absorbs the electrolytic solution. Therefore, the separator 13 having the heat resistant layer may change the amount of electrolyte absorbed depending on the amount of electrolyte absorbed by the heat resistant layer. Therefore, the separator 13 having a heat-resistant layer has a constant amount of absorption of the electrolytic solution and is likely to vary. Therefore, compared to the separator 13 having no heat-resistant layer, the electrolytic solution to be injected when manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery. It is difficult to predict the amount of electrolyte (designing an appropriate amount of electrolyte is more difficult). Therefore, this invention is more suitable when using the separator which has a heat-resistant layer.
- Electrolytic Solution for example, a solution in which a lithium salt that is an electrolyte is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent (organic solvent) can be used.
- the electrolytic solution is not limited to liquid and may be gel.
- the electrolytic solution may further contain a conventional additive.
- the type of lithium salt is not particularly limited as long as it can be dissociated in a non-aqueous solvent to generate lithium ions, but specific examples include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), hexafluoride.
- these lithium salts it is particularly preferable to use lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium tetrafluoroborate.
- These lithium salts may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the non-aqueous solvent is selected from the group consisting of, for example, cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters, ⁇ -lactones, cyclic ethers, chain ethers, and fluorinated derivatives thereof.
- cyclic carbonates include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and fluorinated derivatives thereof.
- chain carbonates include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, and fluorinated derivatives thereof.
- aliphatic carboxylic acid esters include methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, and fluorinated derivatives thereof.
- ⁇ -lactones include ⁇ -butyrolactone and its fluorinated derivatives.
- cyclic ethers include dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and the like.
- chain ethers include 1,2-ethoxyethane, ethoxymethoxyethane, diethyl ether, and fluorinated derivatives thereof.
- non-aqueous solvents include dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formaldehyde, acetamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, propylnitrile, nitromethane, ethyl monoglyme, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxymethane, sulfolane, methyl
- examples include sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-yl ether, 1,3-propane sultone, anisole, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and fluorinated carboxylic acid ester.
- These nonaqueous solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the exterior body 30 may be a laminate exterior body formed of a flexible laminate film made of a laminate of a heat-fusion layer, a metal layer, and a protective layer, or may be a metal, a resin, or the like. It may be an exterior body formed by a rectangular or cylindrical container.
- the laminate outer package is preferable from the viewpoints of weight reduction and improvement in battery energy density.
- a laminate type lithium ion secondary battery using a laminate outer package as the outer package 30 is also excellent in heat dissipation.
- the metal layer is made of, for example, a metal foil (for example, aluminum foil, SUS foil), and the heat-sealing layer covering the inner surface is made of a resin (for example, polyethylene or polypropylene) that can be heat-sealed, and the outer surface of the metal layer
- the protective layer for covering is made of a resin having excellent durability (for example, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon). A laminate film having a larger number of layers can also be used.
- the exterior body 30 of the lithium ion secondary battery 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes two laminate films, one laminate film disposed on the lower surface side of the power generation element 10 and another laminate film disposed on the upper surface side. It has a sheet structure, and is formed into a bag shape in which the four peripheral edges of these two laminate films are superposed and thermally fused together.
- the exterior body 30 is not limited to such a two-sheet structure, and may have a single-sheet structure as described below.
- the exterior body 30 has a power generation element 10 disposed inside (a power generation element 10 is sandwiched between laminate films) with a relatively large laminate film folded (folded in two), The three sides of the part may be overlapped and formed into a bag shape heat-sealed with each other.
- a slurry is obtained by dispersing graphite as a negative electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive additive, and fluororesin as a binder in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in a predetermined blending amount.
- the slurry is applied to a negative electrode current collector 11A such as a copper foil and dried to form a negative electrode active material layer 11B, thereby producing the negative electrode 11.
- the obtained negative electrode 11 may be compressed to a suitable density by a method such as a roll press.
- a lithium manganese composite oxide as a positive electrode active material, a conductive additive and a binder are dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in a predetermined blending amount to obtain a slurry.
- This slurry is applied to a positive electrode current collector 12A such as an aluminum foil on a hot plate using a doctor blade or the like, and dried to form a positive electrode active material layer 12B, whereby the positive electrode 12 is manufactured.
- the obtained positive electrode 12 may be compressed to a suitable density by a method such as a roll press.
- the negative electrode terminal 21 is attached to the negative electrode 11 and the positive electrode terminal 22 is attached to the positive electrode 12.
- the power generation element 10 is sandwiched between a pair of laminate films, and the peripheral portions except for one side of the pair of laminate films are heat-sealed while the tips of the negative electrode terminal 21 and the positive electrode terminal 22 protrude outside the laminate film, respectively.
- a bag-shaped exterior body 30 having an opening is provided.
- an electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt such as lithium hexafluorophosphate and an organic solvent such as ethylene carbonate is injected into the inside through the opening of the outer package 30 to bring the electrolytic solution into contact with the power generation element 10.
- the power generation element 10 is impregnated with the electrolytic solution by vacuum treatment or the like.
- the thickness of the electrolytic solution obtained by subtracting the thickness of the outer package 30 from the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1 is not less than 1.05 times the thickness of the power generation element 10 in a state where the electrolytic solution is not included 1.15. Inject the solution until it is within the range of 2 times or less.
- the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1 is appropriately measured while injecting the electrolyte solution little by little, and the thickness obtained by subtracting the thickness of the outer package 30 from the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1
- the thickness is within the range of 1.05 times or more and 1.15 times or less of the thickness of the power generation element 10 in the state where it is not included
- the liquid injection is finished.
- the opening of the exterior body 30 is heat-sealed to make the exterior body 30 hermetically sealed. Thereby, the laminate-type lithium ion secondary battery 1 is completed.
- the amount of electrolyte retained in the power generation element is controlled by the amount of electrolyte injected into the exterior body.
- the power generation element absorbs and holds the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator constituting the power generation element, the production lot, or the state (for example, the electrolyte holding state). Since the amount of the electrolytic solution to be changed may change, it is not easy to predict the amount of the electrolytic solution absorbed by the power generation element.
- the amount of electrolytic solution absorbed by the power generation element can be predicted. was difficult. Therefore, it is difficult to manage the amount of electrolyte retained in the power generation element to an appropriate amount according to the amount of electrolyte injected, and it is not possible to manufacture a lithium ion secondary battery so that excess or deficiency of the electrolyte does not occur It was not easy.
- the amount of the electrolyte to be injected is determined by the thickness obtained by subtracting the thickness of the outer package 30 from the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1. Since it manages, the quantity of the electrolyte solution absorbed and held in the power generation element 10 can be strictly controlled. Therefore, it is possible to easily manufacture a lithium ion secondary battery having a proper amount of electrolyte and having a long life.
- the manufacturing method of the lithium ion secondary battery 1 of this embodiment can manufacture a lithium ion secondary battery provided with an appropriate amount of electrolyte, it is difficult to design an appropriate amount of electrolyte (for example, It is suitable as a method for producing a lithium ion secondary battery for automobile use or when a separator having a heat-resistant layer coated on the surface of a resin substrate is used.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 1 of the present embodiment is a stacked battery having a substantially rectangular sheet-like appearance, but may be a wound battery having a cylindrical appearance.
- the thickness of each of the manufactured lithium ion secondary batteries 1 may be measured to determine the amount of electrolyte to be injected.
- the negative electrode 11, the positive electrode 12, and the separator 13 constituting the power generation element 10 have the same type, production lot, or state (for example, an electrolyte holding state), etc., the electrolysis absorbed and held by the power generation element 10 Since it can be considered that the amount of the liquid is the same, after determining the amount of the electrolyte to be injected by measuring the thickness at the time of manufacturing the first lithium ion secondary battery 1, the thickness is not measured.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 1 may be manufactured by injecting the same amount of electrolyte as the determined amount of electrolyte.
- the electrolyte solution is brought into contact with the power generation element 10 by pouring the electrolyte solution into the exterior body 30 that houses the power generation element 10, and then the lithium
- the thickness of the ion secondary battery 1 is measured, and the thickness obtained by subtracting the thickness of the outer package 30 from the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery 1 is the thickness of the power generation element 10 in a state that does not include the electrolytic solution.
- the injection of the electrolytic solution was terminated.
- the present invention is not limited to this method.
- a gel electrolyte solution (hereinafter referred to as “gel electrolyte solution”) is used as the electrolyte solution, and the electrolyte solution is brought into contact with the power generation element 10 outside the exterior body 30.
- the ion secondary battery 1 can be manufactured.
- the thickness of the power generation element 10 obtained by applying a gel electrolyte to the separator 13 outside the exterior body 30 and laminating the negative electrode 11 and the positive electrode 12 through the separator 13 coated with the gel electrolyte is measured. .
- the thickness of the power generation element 10 manufactured using the gel electrolyte solution is within a range of 1.05 times or more and 1.15 times or less of the thickness of the power generation element 10 in a state where the gel electrolyte solution is not included. Design the amount of gel electrolyte to be applied.
- the power generation element 10 is manufactured by applying the same amount of the gel electrolyte determined as described above to the separator 13 outside the exterior body 30, and the obtained power generation element 10 is used as the exterior body. If it accommodates in 30, the lithium ion secondary battery 1 can be manufactured, without measuring thickness about all the lithium ion secondary batteries 1 to manufacture.
- Example ⁇ The following examples illustrate the present invention more specifically.
- the lithium ion secondary battery having the same configuration as that of the lithium ion secondary battery shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 batteries having different thickness ratios were produced, and the thickness variation was measured. If the amount of electrolyte to be injected is too large, the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery will become uneven and the thickness will become non-uniform, so whether the amount of electrolyte is appropriate or not depends on the thickness variation. Evaluated. Below, each raw material and manufacturing method of a lithium ion secondary battery are demonstrated.
- the thickness ratio refers to the thickness T1 obtained by subtracting the thickness of the outer package from the thickness of the finished lithium ion secondary battery, and the power generation element in a state not including the electrolyte (before contact with the electrolyte)
- the ratio T1 / T2 of the thickness T2 of the power generation element is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the four measured values when the thickness of the four corners of the finished rectangular sheet-like lithium ion secondary battery is measured. is there.
- the positive electrode produced as described above was cut into a rectangle having a width of 20 cm and a length of 21 cm, and the negative electrode was cut into a rectangle having a width of 21 cm and a length of 22 cm.
- a portion of 5 cm ⁇ 1 cm on one side of the peripheral portion is an active material uncoated portion for connecting a terminal, and the active material layer is the remaining 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm in the positive electrode and the remaining 21 cm in the negative electrode. It is formed in a portion of ⁇ 21 cm.
- the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum having a width of 5 cm, a length of 3 cm, and a thickness of 0.2 mm, a portion having a length of 1 cm, which is an end, was ultrasonically welded to the positive electrode active material uncoated portion.
- a 1-cm-long portion of the negative electrode terminal made of nickel having the same size as that of the positive electrode terminal was ultrasonically welded to the active material uncoated portion of the negative electrode.
- a power generation element was obtained by arranging a negative electrode and a positive electrode on both sides of a square polyethylene and polypropylene separator having a side of 22 cm so that the active material layers face each other across the separator. Next, two rectangular aluminum laminate films having a width of 24 cm and a length of 25 cm were prepared, and the portions having a width of 5 mm on the three sides excluding one long side thereof were adhered by thermal fusion to form an opening. A bag-shaped laminate outer package having the above was produced. Then, the power generation element was inserted into the laminate outer package so that a gap of 1 cm was formed between one short side of the laminate outer package and the end of the power generation element.
- the electrolyte to be injected into the laminate outer body was prepared as follows.
- strand-shaped disulfonic acid ester was dissolved so that a density
- the electrolyte was poured into the laminate outer package, and vacuum treatment was performed to impregnate the anode, cathode and separator of the power generation element with the electrolyte. Then, heat fusion was performed under reduced pressure, and the opening of the laminate outer package was sealed with a width of 5 mm to obtain the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1.
- the thickness ratios of the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 are 1.092 times to 1.159 times depending on the amount of the injected electrolyte (see Table 1).
- the capacity of these lithium ion secondary batteries is about 30 Ah.
- the thickness variation of the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 thus obtained was measured.
- the results are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
- Table 1 and FIG. 3 when the thickness ratio is 1.05 times or more and 1.15 times or less, the thickness variation of the lithium ion secondary battery is small, and the uniform thickness is small in thickness unevenness.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was obtained.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 5 have an appropriate amount of electrolyte.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 1 has a thickness ratio of 1.159 times, which is out of the preferred range, so the thickness variation is large and the thickness is uneven. It was. Thereby, it turns out that the quantity of electrolyte solution is too much in the lithium ion secondary battery of a comparative example.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、適正な量の電解液を備えた長寿命なリチウムイオン二次電池及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
また、本発明の他の態様は、正極及び負極がセパレータを介して積層された発電要素と電解液とを外装体内に備えるリチウムイオン二次電池を製造する方法であって、リチウムイオン二次電池の厚さから外装体の厚さを差し引いた厚さが、電解液を含まない状態での発電要素の厚さの1.05倍以上1.15倍以下となるように、発電要素に電解液を注液することを特徴とする。
負極11又は正極12とセパレータ13との間に保持される電解液により形成される電解液層により、リチウムイオン二次電池1の厚さが厚くなる。また、負極11、正極12、及びセパレータ13は空孔を有しているため、電解液と接触すると電解液を吸収し、電解液と接触する以前の素材の状態よりも厚さが厚くなる。よって、リチウムイオン二次電池1の厚さから外装体30の厚さを差し引いた厚さによって、発電要素10内に保持されている電解液の量を管理することができる。
1.負極端子21及び正極端子22について
負極端子21及び正極端子22は、例えば導電性金属箔により構成される。金属箔の具体例としては、アルミニウム、銅、チタン、ニッケル等の単一金属からなる金属箔や、アルミニウム合金、ステンレス鋼等の合金からなる金属箔があげられる。なお、負極端子21の材質と正極端子22の材質は同一でもよいし、異なっていてもよい。また、本実施形態のように、別途準備した負極端子21及び正極端子22を、負極集電体11A及び正極集電体12Aにそれぞれ接続してもよいし、負極集電体11A及び正極集電体12Aをそれぞれ延長することによって、負極端子21及び正極端子22を形成してもよい。
負極11は、負極集電体11Aの両方の主面上に負極活物質層11B、11Bが形成された構造を有する。負極活物質層11Bは、例えば、負極活物質と導電助剤と結着剤(バインダー)とを含有する。導電助剤は、負極活物質層11B中に分散された状態で含まれている。また、負極11における結着剤の含有率を所定の好ましい範囲とすることにより、結着剤が負極活物質の粒子の少なくとも一部を被覆した状態で、負極活物質同士を結着している。
負極集電体11Aの材質としては、例えば、銅、ニッケル、チタン等の金属や、これらの金属を1種以上含有する合金(例えばステンレス鋼)を用いることができる。
負極活物質としては、例えば、黒鉛等の結晶性炭素材料を用いることができる。黒鉛の具体例としては、天然黒鉛や、難黒鉛化炭素、易黒鉛化炭素、低温度焼成炭素等の人造黒鉛や、MCF(メソカーボンファイバ)があげられる。これらの結晶性炭素材料は、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
導電助剤としては、例えば、カーボンブラック等の非晶性炭素材料や黒鉛等の結晶性炭素材料を用いることができる。カーボンブラックの具体例としては、ケッチェンブラック、アセチレンブラック、チャンネルブラック、ランプブラック、オイルファーネスブラック、サーマルブラックがあげられる。黒鉛の具体例は、2-2項において示したものと同様である。これらの炭素材料は、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
結着剤としては、負極活物質の粒子と導電助剤の粒子とを結着可能なものであれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えばフッ素樹脂を用いることができる。フッ素樹脂の具体例としては、ポリフッ化ビニリデンや、フッ化ビニリデンと他のフッ素系モノマーとを共重合させたフッ化ビニリデン系重合体があげられる。なお、結着剤は、電解液が浸透しうるものであれば、フッ素樹脂のみからなるものでもよいし、フッ素樹脂と他の成分の混合物からなるものでもよい。
正極12は、正極集電体12Aの両方の主面上に正極活物質層12B、12Bが形成された構造を有する。正極活物質層12Bは、例えば、正極活物質と、必要に応じて添加される導電助剤及び結着剤とを含有する。導電助剤や結着剤としては、従来のリチウムイオン二次電池に一般的に用いることができるもの(例えば2-3項、2-4項において示したもの)を適宜選択して用いることができる。
正極集電体12Aの材質としては、例えば、アルミニウム、ニッケル、チタン等の金属や、これらの金属を1種以上含有する合金(例えばステンレス鋼)を用いることができる。
正極活物質としては、例えば、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO2)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)、ニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウム(NCM)等のリチウム含有酸化物を用いることができる。これらの正極活物質は、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
セパレータ13は、多数の微細な孔を有する微多孔性膜であり、その孔内に電解液を収容することにより、外装体30内に封入された電解液を保持する。セパレータ13の材質は、電気絶縁性を有し、電気化学的に安定で且つ電解液に対して安定であれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィンや、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン等のフッ素樹脂や、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等のポリエステルや、脂肪族ポリアミド、芳香族ポリアミド(アラミド)等のポリアミドからなる微多孔性膜があげられる。
電解液としては、例えば、電解質であるリチウム塩を非水溶媒(有機溶媒)に溶解した溶液を用いることができる。電解液は、液状に限らずゲル状であってもよい。電解液は慣用の添加剤をさらに含有していてもよい。
リチウム塩の種類は、非水溶媒中で解離してリチウムイオンを生成するものであれば特に限定されるものではないが、具体例としては、六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)、六フッ化ヒ酸リチウム(LiAsF6)、四塩化アルミニウムリチウム(LiAlCl4)、過塩素酸リチウム(LiClO4)、四フッ化ホウ素酸リチウム(LiBF4)、六フッ化アンチモン酸リチウム(LiSbF6)、LiPOF2、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CF2SO3、LiC(CF3SO2)3、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiN(CF3CF2SO2)2、LiN(CF3SO2)(C4F9SO2)、LiN(CF3CF2CO)2があげられる。これらのリチウム塩の中でも、特に、六フッ化リン酸リチウム、四フッ化ホウ素酸リチウムを用いることが好ましい。これらのリチウム塩は、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
環状カーボネート類の具体例としては、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、及びこれらのフッ化誘導体等があげられる。鎖状カーボネート類の具体例としては、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジプロピルカーボネート、及びこれらのフッ化誘導体等があげられる。
外装体30は、例えば、熱融着層と金属層と保護層との積層体からなる可撓性のラミネートフィルムにより形成したラミネート外装体であってもよいし、金属、樹脂等からなる角形、円筒形等の容器により形成した外装体であってもよい。
ラミネート外装体は、軽量化と、電池エネルギー密度の向上という観点から好ましい。また、外装体30としてラミネート外装体を用いたラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池は、放熱性にも優れる。
本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池1の製造方法の一例について説明する。
負極活物質としての黒鉛と導電助剤としてのカーボンブラックと結着剤としてのフッ素樹脂とを、所定の配合量でN-メチル-2-ピロリドン等の溶剤中に分散させて、スラリーを得る。このスラリーを銅箔等の負極集電体11Aに塗布し、乾燥させ、負極活物質層11Bを形成することによって、負極11を作製する。得られた負極11は、ロールプレス等の方法により圧縮して適当な密度に調整してもよい。
以下に実施例を示し、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。図1、2に示すリチウムイオン二次電池と同様の構成のリチウムイオン二次電池において、厚さ比が種々異なるものを作製し、厚さのバラツキ量を測定した。注液する電解液の量が多すぎると、リチウムイオン二次電池に厚みムラが生じて厚さが不均一となるので、厚さのバラツキ量の大きさによって電解液の量が適正か否かを評価した。以下に、リチウムイオン二次電池の各素材と製造方法について説明する。
負極活物質として非晶質性炭素で被覆された球状天然黒鉛粉末(平均粒子径:20μm)と、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデンと、導電助剤としてカーボンブラックとを、固形分質量比で96.5:3:0.5の割合で、溶媒であるN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)に添加し攪拌することにより、これらの材料をNMP中に均一に分散させてスラリーを作製した。得られたスラリーを、負極集電体となる厚さ10μmの銅箔上に塗布した。次いで、125℃にて10分間、スラリーを加熱し、NMPを蒸発させることにより負極活物質層を形成した。さらに、負極活物質層をプレスすることによって、負極集電体の片面上に負極活物質層を塗布した負極を作製した。
正極活物質としてスピネル構造を有するLi1.1Mn1.9O4粉末(BET比表面積0.25m2/g)及びリチウム・ニッケル・コバルト・マンガン酸リチウム(Ni/Liモル比0.7、BET比表面積0.5m2/g)と、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデンと、導電助剤としてカーボンブラックとを、固形分質量比で69:23:4:4の割合で、溶媒であるNMP中に添加した。
上記のように作製した正極を幅20cm、長さ21cmの長方形に、負極を幅21cm、長さ22cmの長方形に切り出した。その周縁部のうち一辺の5cm×1cmの部分は、端子を接続するための活物質未塗布部であって、活物質層は、正極では残部の20cm×20cmの部分に、負極では残部の21cm×21cmの部分に形成されている。幅5cm、長さ3cm、厚さ0.2mmのアルミニウム製の正極端子のうち端部である長さ1cmの部分を、正極の活物質未塗布部に超音波溶接した。同様に、正極端子と同サイズのニッケル製の負極端子のうち端部である長さ1cmの部分を、負極の活物質未塗布部に超音波溶接した。
10 発電要素
11 負極
12 正極
13 セパレータ
30 外装体
Claims (5)
- 正極及び負極がセパレータを介して積層された発電要素と、電解液とを、外装体内に備えるリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記外装体の厚さを差し引いた厚さが、前記電解液を含まない状態での前記発電要素の厚さの1.05倍以上1.15倍以下であるリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 前記セパレータは、樹脂製の基材の表面に耐熱層を被覆したものである請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記発電要素が平板状である請求項1又は請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記発電要素の容量が5Ah以上70Ah以下である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 正極及び負極がセパレータを介して積層された発電要素と、電解液とを、外装体内に備えるリチウムイオン二次電池を製造する方法であって、
前記リチウムイオン二次電池の厚さから前記外装体の厚さを差し引いた厚さが、前記電解液を含まない状態での前記発電要素の厚さの1.05倍以上1.15倍以下となるように、前記発電要素に前記電解液を注液するリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
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CN108352577A (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
JPWO2017094286A1 (ja) | 2018-07-05 |
EP3396772A4 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
CN108352577B (zh) | 2021-06-08 |
US20180351204A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
EP3396772A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
JP6595000B2 (ja) | 2019-10-23 |
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